第一篇：1環(huán)境與工程引論英文版

In this book the term environment will generally refer to the physical environment that surrounds us.This includes the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the lands, oceans, rivers, and forests that cover the earth.To an increasing extent it also includes the buildings, highways, and modern infrastructure of the urban settings in which a growing proportion of the word’s population resides.The state of this physical environment directly and indirectly affects the viability of all living things on the planet—the people, plants, birds, fish, and other animals that we care about.The welfare of these living things motivates most environmental concerns.（在這本書中術(shù)語環(huán)境通常會將轉(zhuǎn)交我們周圍的物質(zhì)環(huán)境。這包括我們呼吸的空氣，我們喝的水和土地、海洋、河流和覆蓋地球的森林。在一個日益增加的程度上它還包括建筑、公路和現(xiàn)代的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，越來越多的詞的人口所駐留的城市設(shè)置。此物理環(huán)境狀況的直接和間接影響地球上所有的生物的生存 — — 人、植物、鳥、魚和我們所關(guān)心的其他動物。這些生物的福利激勵大多數(shù)環(huán)境問題。）

Engineers are primarily involved in problems related to technology development and deployment.These include designing, developing, and building the cars, computers, television sets, and other consumer products that people enjoy.Engineers also design and build all the

manufacturing processes, industrial technology, and transportation infrastructure needed to extract, transport, and refine raw materials;and distribute the goods and services of modern societies worldwide.In order to predict the consequences of technology deployment, engineers, along with scientists, also are involved in the study of how pollutants are transported and transformed in the environment.Thus, in the broadest sense, engineers are concerned with—and often responsible for—a wide range of activities that directly or indirectly contribute to environmental change.（工程師們主要從事技術(shù)開發(fā)和部署相關(guān)的問題。這些包括設(shè)計、發(fā)展，建設(shè)汽車、計算機、電視機和其他人享有的消費產(chǎn)品。工程師還設(shè)計和生成所有工序、工業(yè)技術(shù)和提取，運輸，并改進原料 ； 所需的運輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 和分發(fā)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的全球范圍內(nèi)的現(xiàn)代社會。為了預(yù)測技術(shù)部署的后果，工程師沿科學(xué)家，也是所涉及的污染物傳輸和轉(zhuǎn)換在環(huán)境中的研究。因此，在廣義的工程師們關(guān)注 — — 和通常負責 — — 廣泛的活動，有助于環(huán)境變化的直接或間接。）

Anything that engineers design and build—be it a refrigerator, car, chemical plant, or circuit board—has to be made out of something, and the choice of that “something” will directly affect the environment.After all, material has to come from somewhere, and

eventually it all tracks back to the environment.（工程師設(shè)計和生成的任何東西 — — 是一個冰箱、汽車、化工裝置或電路板 — — 已作出了的東西，與選擇“東西會直接影響環(huán)境。畢竟，材料有來自地方，和最終其所有軌道都回環(huán)境。）Not only the choices of materials, but also the quantities needed, are important variables that engineers can influence.Thus, knowing something about how the use of different materials may affect environmental quality is important for all engineering disciplines.Two key questions to keep in mind when selecting materials are “Can I use alternative materials that are environmentally preferable?” and “Can I use less material without compromising function or reliability?”

（選擇的材料，不僅需要數(shù)量是工程師可以影響的重要變量。因此，了解有關(guān)如何使用不同的材料可能影響環(huán)境質(zhì)量的東西是重要的所有工程學(xué)科。選擇材料時要記住的兩個關(guān)鍵問題是“我能使用是無害的替代材料？”和“我能用而不會影響函數(shù)或可靠性的資料較少嗎？）”

This source of environmental impacts is perhaps the most pervasive and most important of any that engineers deal with.Energy is vital for life and for an economy, and the quantities and types of energy that a society uses directly affect environmental quality.（此源對環(huán)境的影響的也許是最普遍和最重要的任何工程師處理的。能源是重要的生活，一個經(jīng)濟體系，數(shù)量和類型的一個社會直接使用的能源會影響環(huán)境質(zhì)量。）

Energy use encompasses everything from the heating and cooling of homes and buildings, to the electricity that runs modern computers and appliances, to the gasoline and other fuels that power our transportation system.The manufacturing processes discussed earlier all require energy to perform their tasks.Most of the word’s energy today comes from fossil fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas—and when these fuels are burned or converted to electricity the environment is affected, as you will see in Chapter 2.Nuclear power leaves a different kind of environmental legacy, and even renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, biomass, solar energy, and wind power are not without their adverse environmental consequences.（能源使用我們的運輸系統(tǒng)包括一切從加熱和冷卻的房屋和建筑物運行現(xiàn)代計算機和電器，汽油和其他燃料，這項權(quán)力的電力。前面討論過的制造過程都需要執(zhí)行其任務(wù)所需的能量。大部分詞的能量今天來自礦物燃料 — — 油、煤和天然氣 — — 當這些燃料是燒，或轉(zhuǎn)換為電力環(huán)境受到影響，正如您將看到第 2 章中。核電葉一種不同的環(huán)境的遺產(chǎn)和甚至可再生能源喜歡水

電、生物量、太陽能及風力發(fā)電并非沒有其不良的環(huán)境后果。）

A good rule of thumb is that any engineering improvement that reduces the energy required for a particular service will be beneficial for the environment.Thus a desktop computer designed to use 400 watts of power instead of 800 watts, or a car that gets 30 miles per gallon(mpg)instead of 20 mpg, will be environmentally friendlier.Switching from one energy from to another—e.g., from gasoline-powered cars to electric-powered cars—is a lot trickier to deal with.As we shall see in later chapters, the environmental consequences may involve trade-offs that are different to evaluate.（一個好的經(jīng)驗法則是任何工程的改善，減少了所需的特定服務(wù)的能源將會對環(huán)境有利。因此臺式計算機使用 400 瓦，而不是功率的 800 瓦或一輛汽車，獲取 30 英里每加侖(瑞馳)的 20 瑞馳，而不是功率的設(shè)計將是功率的環(huán)境友好的。切換到種，從汽油為動力的電動汽車車從一個能源 — — 是要處理很多棘手。我們將在后面的章節(jié)中看到，造成的環(huán)境后果可能涉及權(quán)衡不同的評估。）

The clean air act procedure for establishing national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants proved to be quite cumbersome with the result that standards for only eight HAPs were established between 1970 and 1990.In the 1990 clean air act amendments, congress revised the procedure, specifically listing 189 chemicals as hazardous air pollutants(Table 2.3).Any industrial process emitting more than 10 tons per year(tpy)of any one of these substances, or more than 25 tpy of any combination of HAPs, is required to use “maximum available control technology”(MACT)to reduce air toxic emissions by the year 2000.Additional measures must be taken if the EPA determines that an unacceptable level of risk still remains after MACT is applied.What’s function of stratospheric ozone?

第二篇：清明節(jié)與環(huán)境英文演講稿

The relation between tomb-sweeping day and the enviorment.Good morning boys and girls,Today l want to talksomething about the relation betweentomb-sweeping day and the

enviorment.As we all know,the

tomb-sweeping day is a traditional festival in china,it's a time to remember the dead.and

during the festival,people from all over the world went home to sacrify their deceased ancestors,family members or friends.in

order to show their respect andfilial piety for their dearly departed,they often burn hell notes,set off firecrackers or burn incensethe

ideaof remembering the dead intheir minds is worthy to be carried forward,but the way to show it is not a smart one.it's known toall that environment pollution is becoming more and more serious.when we burn something, harmful gases will be released into atmosphere,andit will pollute the air.Everyone knows that none of us can benifit from the polluted air.so we should find a new way to sacrify the dead.for instance,offering some flowers instead.There are all kinds of flowers in market,and different flower have different meaning,we can ch

oose any of those flowers to express our emotions to the dead.In my opinion,it's sure a smart way to sacrify the dead.don't you think so?

that's all thank you!

第三篇：經(jīng)濟與環(huán)境英文小論文

The thesis is about the conflict between economy and the environment.Nowadays, the flourish of economy brings great impacts on the environment, and that is a complicated problem which needs to be solved.Since the first industrial revolution, some countries have achieved their economic goals at the expense of destroying the environment.Unfortunately, developing countries are eager to follow the same old disastrous road in order to improve the life standard of their citizens.In 2009, the United Nations Climate Change Conference tried to mediate this problem between developed countries and developing countries.This conference put forward that the developed countries and developing countries shall share the responsibility for damaging the environment.There will be less natural resources for the future generations because they are consumed at a large amount.According to Chinanews, the annual consumption of natural resources will amount to 140 billion tons by the year 2050 which is out of the earth’s bearable load.In that situation, human will be a kind of smug and use the mighty high technology to synthetize different things instead of the natural ones.So it is possible that people in future will have to live in a boring world which is constructed by high technology materials.The conflict between economy and environment has remained for many years, but people can try to establish a harmony relationship between them.It is for human’s benefit to protect the environment while developing the economy.Esther

第四篇：環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語

一、單詞/詞組（考試時要求：中譯英/英譯中）環(huán)境科學(xué)：environmental science

環(huán)境工程：environmental engineering

定量環(huán)境科學(xué)：quantitative environmental science 定性環(huán)境科學(xué)：qualitative environmental science 衰減再生：decay and recycling

新陳代謝率：metabolic rates

外來物質(zhì)：foreign matter

研究和發(fā)展：Research and Development

一次大氣污染物：primary air pollutant 二次大氣污染物：secondary air pollutant

氧含量：Oxygen content

點源：point sources

瀝青殘留物：asphaltic residue

酸雨：acid rain

設(shè)備維護：facilities maintenance

廢物最小化：waste minimization

正常濃度：normal concentration

胡亂收集：magpie collection

需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required 閉合回路：closed-loop

微生物：microbe/microorganisms

揭示大的差別;expose the considerable gaps

空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測：air-quality monitoring

氧化劑：oxidizer

石油精煉:petroleum refining

活性炭：activated carbon

質(zhì)量控制：quality control

海輪：ocean liner

揮發(fā)性化學(xué)物質(zhì)：volatile chemicals

沙漠化：desertification

火山噴發(fā)：volcanic eruption

間歇源：intermittent sources

衡量濃度：trace concentrations

氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates

風化：wind erosion

不完全燃燒：incomplete combustion

化石燃料：fossil fuels

液滴：liquid droplets

SO3:sulfur trioxide

for managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations許多發(fā)電站

Roman empire羅馬皇帝

Cloaca maxima 古羅馬的大排泄溝

Wate phosphorous 亞磷的（三價磷）

phosphorous acid亞磷酸

phosphoric磷的（五價）

carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸鹽，碳酸氫鹽

carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氫和碳

TOC(total organic carbon)總有機碳

COD(chemical oxygen demand)化學(xué)需氧量

BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量

Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有機物

BOD5BOD的測試標準化

rborne diseases 水傳染的疾病

epilimnion 表層水hypolimnion深水層thermocline熱變形層

become depleted of oxygen 缺氧

二、重點句子翻譯

UNIT2

1.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.環(huán)境是圍繞在我們周圍物質(zhì)生命的棲息地，在那里我們可以看到，聽到，觸到，聞到和品嘗到。

2.System,according to Webster dictionary

is defined as “a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole；as，a solar system，irrigation system，supply system，the world or universe”

系統(tǒng)，依據(jù)韋伯斯特的字典，被定義為“一組或一系列能形成一個整體或者有機整體的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的事物;比如，太陽系統(tǒng)，灌溉系統(tǒng)，供水系統(tǒng)，世界或宇宙”。

3.Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical，chemical，or biological characteristics of the air，water，or land that can harmfully affect the health，survival，or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染可以被定義為有害影響健康，生存，活動的人或其它生物體的空氣，水，或土地的物理，化學(xué)或生物特性的不應(yīng)該有的變化。

4.Source reduction: Any action that reduces the amount of waste exiting a process.資源減量化：減少在于一個過程中的大量廢物的任何行為。

Waste minimization:The reduction to the extent feasible, of waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of.廢物最少化：產(chǎn)生的廢物最大程度減少，然后處理，存儲，或者處置。

5.Recycling :The use or reuse of a waste as a substitute for a commercial product or as a feedstock to an industrial process.回收：作為一個商業(yè)產(chǎn)品的代替品，或

作為一個工業(yè)過程的原料的利用或再利用。

6.Pollution prevention: Pollution may be generated during manufacturing, or when certain products are used commercially or by consumers.污染的防止：污染可能在生產(chǎn)過程之中產(chǎn)生，或者在當一個產(chǎn)品被用作商業(yè)用途或被消費者使用的時候產(chǎn)生。

7.Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization Techniques廢物回收/廢物最少化技術(shù)(包括以下幾點)

●product changes產(chǎn)品改變 ●process changes過程改變

●equipment modifications設(shè)備改造 ●operating practices操作訓(xùn)練

●recycling and reuse回收和再利用

8.What is air pollution? Air pollution is normally defined as air thatcontains one or more chemicals in high enough concentration toharm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials.什么是空氣污染 ？空氣污染通常是指那種包含一種或多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)富集到高濃度并足以傷害人類、其他動物、植物或材料的空氣。

9.There are two major types of air pollution.主要有兩種類型的空氣污染。

10.A primary air pollution is a chemical added directly to the air that occursin a harmful concentration.初級空氣污染是指有害的濃度直接進入到空氣中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

11.A secondary air pollution is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components.次生空氣污染是指在大氣中由氣體成分之間發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

12.Organic matter.Proteins and carbohydrates constitute 90 percent of the organic matter in domestic sewage.在生活污水中蛋白質(zhì)和碳水化合物構(gòu)成百分之90的有機質(zhì)。）

三、課后的NOTES部分（UNIT1、2、3、8、12、13）

Unit1

1)Care and impartiality in gathering and recording date, as well as independent

verification, are the cornerstones of science.在數(shù)據(jù)收集與記錄過程中仔細認真、無偏見和獨立核實是科學(xué)的基石。

2)When the collection and organization of date reveal certain regularities, it may be

possible to formulate a generalization or hypothesis

當對數(shù)據(jù)收集和整理披露了某些規(guī)律時，可能歸納出概況或假設(shè)。

3）the two types of logic are qualitative and quantitative logic.兩類邏輯學(xué)分別為定性和定量邏輯學(xué)。

4）theories,and in particular,mathematical theories,often enable us to bridge the gap between experimentally controlled observations and observations made in the field.理論，尤其是數(shù)學(xué)理論，通常使我們可以彌補（縮?。嶒炦^程觀察的結(jié)果與該領(lǐng)域理論推導(dǎo)的結(jié)果間的差距。

5）environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation,notably in the provision of

safe,palatable,and ample public water supplies.環(huán)境工程是在解決環(huán)境衛(wèi)生問題過程中，具有代表性的，提供安全、可口與充足的公共供水過程，用正確的工程思想與合理的實施顯現(xiàn)出來。

1)APS materials,inc,generated two hazardous wastes,1-1-1 trichloroethane and methanol from cold solvent degreasing operations associated with their plasma spray deposition process.美國物理協(xié)會材料公司在其等離子體噴霧沉淀工藝的冷溶劑脫脂操作過程中會產(chǎn)生出兩種危害性廢物，即1,1,1-三氯乙烷和甲醇。

2)AT&T美國最大的電話電信公司

3)CFC=chlorofluoro carbon 含氯氟烴

4)Sloppy housekeeping practices such as leaking tanks，valves，or pumps may cause process chemicals to spill requiring cleanup and disposal.隨意馬虎的內(nèi)部管理習(xí)慣，例如儲罐、閥門或泵的泄漏，都會導(dǎo)致工藝過程中化學(xué)品的濺漏而需要采取凈化和處理措施。

Unit8

1）the geographic location of some heavily populated cities，such as Los Angeles and Mexico city，makes them particularly susceptible tofrequent air stagnation and pollution buildup.一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置，例如洛杉磯和墨西哥城的地理位置，使得它們經(jīng)常特別易受空氣流動停滯和污積物增加的影響。

2）by themselves，measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants，because threshold levels，synergy，and biological magnification are also determining factors

測量的濃度自身并未告訴我們有關(guān)污染物造成的危害的信息，因為臨界濃度，協(xié)同作用和生長放大效應(yīng)都是決定因素。

1）most boating associations now urge their members never even to take anything disposable and plastic to sea and encourage ocean liners to follow suit.目前大多數(shù)船協(xié)會敦促他們的會員再也不要把廢棄的物質(zhì)和塑料扔到海里，并鼓勵航海輪船也這樣做。

四、課文填空：UNIT13的第一部分（1、Pollution of streams and rivers）PoHution of Streams and Rivers

When sewage is discharged into a freshwater stream，the stream becomes pollution。This does not mean that the oxygen content drop instantaneously。But the potential for oxygen depletion exists wherever there is sewage。The measure of this potential is the BOD, which rises as soon as the sewage goes in。Now follow the water downstream from “Polutionville.” There processes are going on, all at the same time.Process1.The bacteria are feasting on the sewage.because of this action，the amount of sewage in the water is decreasing，so the BOD is going down。

Process2.As the bacteria consume the sewage，they also use dissolved oxygen，so that concentration，too，start to decrease。

Process3.some of the lost oxygen is being replenished from the atmosphere and form photosynthesis by the vegetation in the stream。

For the first 50km or so downstream, the natural ability of the river to recover its oxygen（process3）simple cannot keep up with the feasting bacteria（process2），so the dissolved oxygen concentration goes down。The fish begin to die，but it is not the sewage that is killing them。（In fact，the sewage provides food.）Instead，the fish die from lack of oxygen，beginning when the dissolved oxygen concentration falls below about 4mg per liter，depending on the particular species。

The fish kills start about 15km downstream from the introduction of the raw sewage。In time，as the sewage is used up by bacteria，the BOD goes down(process1)，the consumption of oxygen also slows down，and the natural ability of the river to recover（process3）becomes predominant。The river then begins to repurify itself。About 90km downstream the fish begin to survive again，and at about 140km the oxygen content has increased to its former，unpolluted level。

Of course，if additional sewage is discharged before recovery is complete，as shown in the illustration at 160km，the river becomes pollution again。When sources of pollution are closely spaced，pollution becomes practically continuous。Rivers in such a condition，which unfortunately can be found near densely polluted areas all over the world，support no fish，are high in bacterial content（usually includingpathogenic organisms），appear muddily bluegreen from choking algae，and，in extreme cases，stink from putrefaction and fermentation。

第五篇：建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程

建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程

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建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程

專業(yè)簡介：建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程（暖通空調(diào)工程）專業(yè)主要培養(yǎng)從事暖通空調(diào)（包括供熱、通風、空調(diào)、城市熱力網(wǎng)、建筑給水排水及消防工程等）的設(shè)計、研究、管理和開發(fā)工作的高級工程技術(shù)人才。

通過本專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)教育，畢業(yè)生將具有扎實的自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，良好的人文科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論及外語、計算機應(yīng)用能力，并掌握建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)理論，具有對各種建筑環(huán)境設(shè)備系統(tǒng)進行設(shè)計、施工調(diào)試和運行管理的能力。

主干課程：流體力學(xué)、工程熱力學(xué)、傳熱學(xué)、流體輸配管網(wǎng)、熱質(zhì)交換原理與設(shè)備、建筑環(huán)境學(xué)、供熱工程、通風空調(diào)、建筑熱源、空調(diào)冷源等。

就業(yè)方向：畢業(yè)生可從事工程設(shè)計與施工、安全生產(chǎn)與監(jiān)督、物業(yè)設(shè)備運行與管理、建筑設(shè)備監(jiān)理等工作。可在政府部門、城市規(guī)劃和市政管理部門及環(huán)保部門從事技術(shù)與管理(供熱、供水和供氣)工作；在高等院校、科研機構(gòu)從事教學(xué)、科研工作；在專業(yè)設(shè)計院所從事設(shè)計、研發(fā)工作；在中外資企業(yè)從事設(shè)備研發(fā)、技術(shù)支持、工程施工等工作。

學(xué)制：四年

授予學(xué)位：工學(xué)學(xué)士