第一篇:高中英語 Unit1 Friendship Period 2 Reading優(yōu)秀教師版教學(xué)案 新人教版必修1
Unit 1 Friendship Period 2 Reading 整體設(shè)計
從容說課
This is the second teaching period of this unit.As usual, the teacher should check the students’ homework and offer chances for them to go over what they learned in the last period at the beginning of the class.In this period, the teaching emphasis will be put on developing the Ss’ reading ability and getting them to learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on.As to new words and phrases, the teacher can first find those the Ss find most difficult and help them to understand.One way of helping them learn new words is to ask them to study the text before the lesson and find out the meaning of any word they are unsure of.A second way of helping them is to choose the words they maybe find difficult and pre-teach them before beginning the reading.In order to lead in the part Reading, the teacher can first ask the students to discuss whether they have ever considered making friends with animals, plants or even an object and why or why not.The students are supposed to analyze their reasons.The purpose of this activity is to begin to focus the students’ attention on the main topic of the reading passage.It is very important that the students learn to use all the clues in the text to help them understand the gist of what they are reading.So first encourage them to look at the pictures and the heading and guess what the text might be about.Then ask the class to read the passage silently.Sometimes ask them some questions to focus their reading.Alternately, ask them to tell what the main idea for each paragraph is.Make sure that they do it in one sentence.This is very useful because it is making them analyze what is important and what is not.While discussing the ideas put forward in the reading passage, the students should be encouraged to put forward their own ideas, either criticizing the text or using it as a support because they should think whether they agree or disagree with the writer.Besides, in order to help the students’ own writing, it is also important to ask them to find out and remember some phrases and sentences.To consolidate the contents of the reading passage, the students should be required to retell the text.In order to arouse the students’ interest, the teacher can hold a competition between groups.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
Get the students to learn different reading skills.教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
Get the students to learn different reading skills for different reading purposes.教學(xué)方法
1.Task-based teaching and learning 2.Cooperative learning 3.Discussion 教具準(zhǔn)備
用心
愛心
專心 The multimedia and other normal teaching tools 三維目標(biāo)
Knowledge aims: 1.Get the students to learn the following useful new words and expressions:reason list share feeling Netherlands German series outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors share...with...go through hide away set down a series of be crazy about on purpose in order to in one’s power face to face according to 2.Help the students to find the words and phrases that they find most difficult and help them to understand.Ability aims: Help the students develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming, scanning and so on.Emotional aims: Enable the students to realize the importance of friends and friendship, value the friendship between friends by learning the reading text and tell true friends from false friends in their lives.教學(xué)過程
設(shè)計方案
(一)→Step 1 Revision
1.Check the homework exercises.2.Ask some students what a friend is.→Step 2 Lead-in Enjoy the song That’s What Friends Are For with the students.Ask the students to find out what it is about.→Step 3 Pre-reading Ask the students the following questions so as to begin to focus students’ attention on the main topic of the reading passage.1.Why do you need friends? Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.2.What do you think a good friend should be like? List the good qualities a good friend should have.3.Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be your friend? 4.Have you ever considered making friends with animals, plants or even an object? Why or why not?(The teacher can also tell students some background before starting to read.This is a true story.It took place in Amsterdam, Holland in the early 1940s after German Nazis had occupied most of Europe.They killed many Jews.To avoid being killed, some Jewish families went into hiding, often with the help of non-Jewish friends.This is what Anne’s family did.)
→Step 4 Reading
1.Get the students to try to guess what Anne’s friend was and what the passage is about by reading the title and having a quick look at the pictures in this passage without reading it.用心
愛心
專心 2.Get the students to skim the first two paragraphs to confirm their guessing.3.Have the class to read the passage silently and then ask them to answer the following questions.1)What was Anne’s best friend? Why did she make friends with it? 2)Did she have any other true friends then? Why? 3)What is the difference between Anne’s diary and those of most people? 4)Do you keep a diary? What do you think most people set down in their diaries? 5)We are going to read one of Anne’s diaries, but before reading, can you tell me what the diary is about with the help of one key sentence in the second paragraph? 4.Reading Anne’s diary
1)While reading, guess the meanings of “spellbound”, “hold me entirely in their power” from the discourse.2)After reading, ask the students how Anne felt in the hiding place and get them to give the two examples to show her feelings then.3)Choose the best answer according to the diary.(1)Anne made friends with her diary because______________.A.she didn’t like her other friends B.she was a shy girl C.she trusted nobody D.she didn’t have a chance to communicate with her friends(2)From the diary we can infer that______________.A.Anne was a girl who loves nature B.Anne was good at writing diaries C.Anne was longing for a normal life and she especially missed going outside and enjoying nature D.Anne had good observation in her daily life(3)Why did Anne and her family have to hide? A.Because they were not Germans.B.Because they were asked to do so.C.Because they did something bad.D.Because they were Jewish.(4)What is the author’s attitude towards Anne in this passage? A.Angry.B.Happy.C.Sorry.D.Disappointed.(5)What is Anne’s tone from her diary?
A.Sad.B.Hopeful.C.Disappointed D.Angry.(6)What made Anne crazy about nature? A.Her interest in nature.B.She had no friends.C.She couldn’t get outdoors for a long time.D.She could do nothing but watch nature.Suggested answers:(1)D(2)C(3)D(4)C(5)A(6)C 4)Ask the students to read the diary again and try to retell it.The retelling must include the information required below:
用心
愛心
專心 3
Sample retelling: The diary by Anne, a Jewish girl, gave a glimpse of her life during her family’s shelter in Amsterdam from the German Nazis’ killing in the Second World War.She treated the diary as her best friend, and in it she revealed her longing for a normal life and close contact with nature, which helped her get through the days.→Step 4 Reading aloud
Play the tape of the passage for the students to listen and follow.Make sure the students phrase long sentences correctly by pausing at suitable places.→Step 5 Post-reading 1.Get the students to do the exercises in the part Comprehending.This part helps students further understand the text by doing multiple choices, questions and answers, and matching.2.Group work Think about and work in groups to discuss the following questions.1)What would you do if your family were going to be killed just because they did something the Emperor did not like? 2)Where would you plan to hide? 3)How would you arrange to get food given to you every day? 4)What would you do to pass the time? →Step 6 Consolidation
1.Books shut.Get the students to tell something about Anne.2.Books open.Get the students to discover useful words and expressions from the part Reading to complete the following sentences.Show the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers.1)She has grown______________ about computer games.2)Was it an accident or did David do it on______________? 3)From the beginning, Paul made it clear that he would be______________(完全地)in control.4)He used to work______________ even in the middle of winter.5)______________ get her boyfriend to find her, she______________ for many years.6)______________ what he said, we can draw a conclusion that he just told______________ white lies.7)Born in a poor family, the president______________ lots of hardships in his childhood.8)A diary is often kept to______________ what happens in people’s daily lives.用心
愛心
專心 9)When they met with each other on a quiet evening at the end of the street, they said nothing______________.First get the students to do the exercises.Then the answers are given.The teacher can give them explanations where necessary.Suggested answers:1)crazy 2)purpose 3)entirely 4)outdoors 5)In order not to, hid away 6)According to, a series of 7)went through 8)set down 9)face to face →Step 7 Homework
1.Read the passage again and try to retell it.2.Finish off the related Workbook exercises.3.Write one or two sentences to express your understanding of friends and friendship.Ending Let’s listen and sing the song That’s What Friends Are For together 設(shè)計方案
(二)→Step 1 Revision
1.Check the homework exercises.2.Ask some students what a friend is.→Step 2 Lead-in Enjoy the song That’s What Friends Are For with the Ss.Ask the students to find out what it is about.→Step 3 Pre-reading Ask the students some questions so as to begin to focus students’ attention on the main topic of the reading passage.→Step 4 Reading
1.Get the students to try to guess what Anne’s friend is and what the passage is about by reading the title and having a quick look at the pictures in this passage without reading it.2.Get the students to skim the first two paragraphs to confirm their guessing.3.Have the class to read the passage silently.4.Reading Anne’s diary
1)Ask the students how Anne felt in the hiding place.2)Guess the meanings of “spellbound”“hold me entirely in their power” from the discourse.3)Ask the students to read the diary again and try to retell it.→Step 5 Reading aloud
Play the tape of the passage for the students to listen to and follow.→Step 6 Post-reading 1.Get the students to do the exercises in the part Comprehending.2.Get the students to work in groups to have a discussion of ideas.→Step 7 Consolidation 1.Books shut.Get the students to tell something about Anne.2.Get the students to discover useful words and expressions from the part Reading.→Step 8 Homework
用心
愛心
專心 1.Read the passage again and try to retell it.2.Finish off the related Workbook exercises.3.Write one or two sentences to express your understanding of friends and friendship.Ending Let’s listen and sing the song That’s What Friends Are For together.板書設(shè)計
Unit 1 Friendship Anne’s Best Friend
Paragraphs Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Main Ideas Anne made her diary her best friend whom she could tell everything.Anne’s diary acted as her true friend during the time she and her family had to hide away for a long time.Having been kept indoors for so long, Anne grew so crazy about everything to do with nature.Useful words and expressions Feeling go through...hide away set down a series of...crazy nature on purpose in order to dare face to face...Anne’s diary
活動與探究
Go to your school library or surf the Internet to find Anne’s Diary and read some of it.Print out a piece of the diary and write down your feelings after reading it on the page.Then share the pieces and your feelings with the whole class.The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to make use of libraries and the Internet to enlarge their reading and enrich their knowledge.It can also make students understand more about the reading passage in this unit.One of Anne’s Diaries: Saturday, 15 July, 1944 “For in its innermost depths youth is lonelier than old age.” I read this saying in some book and I’ve always remembered it, and found it to be true.Is it true then that grownups have a more difficult time here than we do? No.I know it isn’t.Older people have formed their opinions about everything, and don’t waver before they act.It’s twice as hard for us young ones to hold our ground, and maintain our opinions...Anyone who claims that the older ones have a more difficult time here certainly doesn’t realize to what extent our problems weigh down on us, problems for which we are probably much too young, but which are continuous, until, after a long time, we think we’ve found a solution, but the solution doesn’t seem able to resist the facts which put it to nothing again.That’s the difficulty in these times:ideals, dreams, and cherished hopes rise within us, only to meet the terrible truth and be destroyed.It’s really a wonder that I haven’t dropped all my ideals, because they seem so unbelievable and impossible to carry out.Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart...用心
愛心
專心 6
第二篇:高中英語必修3_Unit_5_語法教學(xué)案
2013-2014學(xué)紫荊中學(xué)高一英語(必修3)Unit5導(dǎo)學(xué)案設(shè)計:郭鳳萍
審核:高一英語集研組
班級:小組:組內(nèi)號:姓名:評價:必修3 Unit 5Canada―“The True North學(xué)案導(dǎo)學(xué)
Period four grammar:同位語從句
一、Preparation for the lesson before class
Stepone: make a thorough inquiry for grammar
learn by oneself(SB P37 Discovering useful structures)
Let’s students find out and understand concepts usesofby consuling materials.同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種,常用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo),(when, where, who等也可引導(dǎo)),常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, ability, patience, answer, order, 邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。例如:
① Finally the workers got an answer that the government could do nothing to raise their wages.工人們最終得知政府不會采取任何措施來增加他們的工資。
② They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他們很熟悉這一觀點(diǎn),所有的物質(zhì)都是由原子構(gòu)成的。
二、Discussing each other during class
審核:高一英語集研組
班級:小組:組內(nèi)號:姓名:評價:
Steptwo:同位語從句與that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別
:
1)從先行詞來看
同位語從句與名詞在本質(zhì)上是同一的,是形式與內(nèi)容的關(guān)系,該名詞是需要做特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如:
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.當(dāng)聽到他們的球隊贏了的消息時,他們欣喜若狂。
邏輯關(guān)系:The news was that their team had won.2)從引導(dǎo)詞來看
引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語從句中是連詞,只起連接作用,無具體含義,that不可省略;that在定語從句中是關(guān)系代詞,他在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分:主語或賓語,有具體詞意,作賓語時還可以省略。試比較:
①The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我們昨天參觀的那家工廠是化工廠。(that在從句中作賓語)
②The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他將要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起連接從句的作用。)
Stepthree:同位語從句的簡易判斷方法
因同位語從句與其先行詞在邏輯上是同位關(guān)系,所以,我們可在名詞和從句之間加系動詞be, 使其可以構(gòu)成一個新句子,如果合乎邏輯,句子通順,則句子為同位語從句;定語從句是不能夠用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來的。例如:
審核:高一英語集研組
班級:小組:組內(nèi)號:姓名:評價:The thief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.地球是扁平的這一觀念依然在一些國家存在。(The belief is that the earth is flat.)
三、Summary
Stepfour:Teacher and students toghter.課后拓展
※單項填空
1.A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
2.There is a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is forever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
3.Word came ______ the examination will be held in June instead of in July.A.thatB.whenC.whetherD.what
4.The fact ______ he failed the exam is not the one ______ he told me.A.which;thatB.that;thatC.which;whichD./;that
5.I have no idea ______ we ______ hand in our papers after class.A.if;needB.whether;need toC.if;ought toD.that;dare
6.They didn’t tell me the fact ______ they had already paid the bill.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
審核:高一英語集研組
班級:小組:組內(nèi)號:姓名:評價:
7.Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what
8.The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear ______ he would die of disease.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.if
9.You have not answered my question ______ I can join in the party tonight.A.whetherB.ifC.whichD.that
10.It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar _____ using them in all aspects of life.A.that;outB.what;withC.that;withD.what;about
11.There is no doubt _____ my friend Smith will come to visit China soon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
12.The possibility ______ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.A.whichB./C.thatD.what
13.The suggestion _____ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.A.ifB.whichC./D.that
14.The news came ______ The British Queen’s Mother celebrated her 101st
2013-2014學(xué)紫荊中學(xué)高一英語(必修3)Unit5導(dǎo)學(xué)案設(shè)計:郭鳳萍審核:高一英語集研組
班級:小組:組內(nèi)號:姓名:評價:
15.birthday in good health, _____ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as
16.Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me on this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
17.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need ______.A.that;to be improvedB.which;to be improved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
17.It was with great joy ______ he received the news ______ his lost son would soon return home.A.because;thatB.that;thatC.because;whichD.that;/
18.A decision was made _______ those who once lied to the factory in order to get a job would not be allowed to stay.A.whetherB.whenC.thatD.once
19.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.that whatB.what thatC.thatD.all which
20.It is no longer a question now _______man can land on the moon.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what
Suggested answer:1-5.DAABB;6-10.ABCAC;11-15.ACDAB;16-20.ABCAA
第三篇:11《師說》學(xué)案(新人教 必修第三冊)
11《師說》學(xué)案
班級: 小組: 姓名
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.扎實(shí)掌握文中重點(diǎn)實(shí)、虛詞的用法,掌握文中重要的文言現(xiàn)象,翻譯并默寫重點(diǎn)句子。
2.自主、合作、探究式學(xué)習(xí);品味文章的語言特色。
3.理解課文尊師重道的深刻內(nèi)涵,感悟作者抨擊時弊、堅持真理的精神。4.朗讀并背誦這篇文章?!緦W(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)】
1.扎實(shí)掌握文中重點(diǎn)實(shí)、虛詞的用法,掌握文中重要的文言現(xiàn)象,翻譯并默寫重點(diǎn)句子。2.自主、合作、探究式學(xué)習(xí);品味文章的語言特色。
【學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
3.理解課文尊師重道的深刻內(nèi)涵,感悟作者抨擊時弊、堅持真理的精神。
4.朗讀并背誦這篇文章?!緦W(xué)習(xí)過程】
一、知識鏈接
1、作家作品
(1)韓愈(768—824),字退之,河南河陽(今河南省孟縣)人,唐代著名的文字家,哲學(xué)家,古文運(yùn)動的倡導(dǎo)者。祖籍河北昌黎,也稱“韓昌黎”。晚年任吏部侍郎,又稱“韓吏郎”。死后謚“文”,故又稱“韓文公”,作品收錄于《昌黎先生集》。
韓愈和柳宗元為唐代古文運(yùn)動的倡導(dǎo)者,提出了“文以載道”,“文道結(jié)合”的觀點(diǎn)。他的散文題材廣泛,內(nèi)容深刻,語言質(zhì)樸,主張學(xué)習(xí)先秦、兩漢的優(yōu)秀散文傳統(tǒng)、倡導(dǎo)古文運(yùn)動,把當(dāng)時的文體從矯揉造作的駢體文中解放出來,奠定了唐宋古文的基礎(chǔ),因此后世尊他為唐宋八大家之首。(2)韓愈的文章
韓愈的論說文從內(nèi)容上可分為兩類,一類重在宣揚(yáng)道統(tǒng)和儒家思想,如《原道》、《原性》、《原人》等;另一類重在反映現(xiàn)實(shí),揭露矛盾,作不平之鳴,而且不少篇章還有一種反流俗、反傳統(tǒng)的力量,并在行文中夾雜著強(qiáng)烈的感情傾向,因而值得重視。在這類論說文中,《師說》最有代表性。
韓愈是一位善辯之士,而善辯又主要來源于他的膽壯氣盛,二者結(jié)合在一起,遂使得他的議論文字往往驚世駭俗,極具震懾人的氣勢。反映時代精神、抒發(fā)憤慨不平、對社會現(xiàn)實(shí)深刻批判的佳作,大氣磅礴、筆力雄健、排宕頓挫、感情激烈是其共同特點(diǎn)。
有為而發(fā),不平則鳴,本無意于塑造形象,而其自我形象在波濤翻卷的情感激流和氣勢奪人的滔滔雄辯中得以自然展現(xiàn),這是韓愈論說文的一大特點(diǎn)。(3)梁衡對韓愈的評價
人生的逆境大約可分四種。一曰生活之苦,饑寒交迫;二曰心境之苦,懷才不遇;三曰事業(yè)受阻,功敗垂成;四曰存亡之危,身處絕境。處逆境之心也分四種,一是心灰意冷,逆來順受;二是怨天尤人,牢騷滿腹;三是見心明志,直言疾呼;四是泰然處之,盡力有為。韓愈是處在第二、第三種逆境,而選擇了后兩種心態(tài),既見心明志,著文倡道,又腳踏實(shí)地,2
子之師,授之書而習(xí)其句讀者,非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學(xué)而大遺,吾未見其明也。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人,不恥相師。士大夫之族,曰師曰弟子云者,剛?cè)壕鄱χ?。問之,則曰:“彼與彼年相若也,道相似也,位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛?!眴韬簦煹乐粡?fù),可知矣。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人,君子不齒,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也歟!
6.“嗟乎”一詞表示的語氣是()
A.感慨 B.嘆息 C.悲哀 D.憤慨
7.下列句子中加點(diǎn)詞的意義和用法都相同的一組是()
8.下列各句中劃橫線的詞與“巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人,不恥相師”中的“恥”用法不同的一項是()
A.且庸人尚羞之,況于將相乎 B.是己而非人,俗之同病
C.卒廷見相如,畢禮而歸之 D.孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃 9.在下列句中與例句句式相同的句子是()
例:句讀之不知,惑之不解
A.道之所存,師之所存也 B.蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強(qiáng) C.李氏子蟠??不拘于時 D.古之人不余欺也
10.“彼童子之師,授之書而習(xí)其句讀者,非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也”在文中的正確意思是()
A.那些教孩子的老師,只教給孩子書本并幫助他們朗讀其中的文句,不是我所說的 傳授道理、解釋疑難問題的老師。
B.那些教孩子的老師,只教給孩子書本并幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)其中的文句,不是我所說的傳 授道理、解釋疑難問題的老師。
C.對那些只教給孩子書本并幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)其中的文句,傳授道理,解釋疑難問題的老 師,我是無所謂的。
D.那些教孩子的老師,交給孩子書本并幫助他們朗讀其中的文句,不是我所說的傳授 道理、解釋疑難問題的老師。
11.對這段文字分析不當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>
A.該段句式變化多,整句和散句相結(jié)合,奇偶互見;字里行間飽含感情,讀來感心動耳。B.作者連用三個對比,尖銳地批判了“今之眾人”“土大夫”“君子”恥于從師的不良 風(fēng)氣。
C.三個對比,結(jié)語語氣一句比一句重,第一個對比的結(jié)語是疑問語氣,第二個對比的 結(jié)語是肯定、責(zé)備的語氣,第三個對比的結(jié)語是帶有諷刺意味的語氣,表達(dá)的感情更強(qiáng)烈。D.這一段批判反面現(xiàn)象的目的僅在闡明從師學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。(2)
二十一日,宗元白:辱書云,欲相師。仆道不篤,業(yè)甚淺近,環(huán)顧其中,未見可師者。雖嘗好言論、為文章,甚不自是也。不意吾子自京師來蠻夷間,乃幸見取。仆自卜固無取假令有取亦不敢為人師為眾人師且不敢況敢為吾子師乎孟子稱人之患在好為人師由魏晉氏以下,人益不事師。今之世不聞有師,有,輒嘩笑之以為狂人。獨(dú)韓愈奮不顧流俗,犯笑侮,收召后學(xué),作《師說》,因抗顏而為師。世果群怪聚罵,指目牽引,而增與為言辭。愈以是
第四篇:13《張衡傳》學(xué)案(新人教 必修第四冊)
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13《張衡傳》學(xué)案
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.了解傳記文章的特點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)本文記人敘事詳略安排得當(dāng)?shù)膶懛ā?.掌握課文中所涉及的文言詞句知識和文史、文化常識。
3.了解張衡的品格和他在科學(xué)、文學(xué)、政治各方面的貢獻(xiàn),學(xué)習(xí)他刻苦求學(xué)、科學(xué)務(wù)實(shí)、追求真理的精神?!緦W(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)】
1.記人敘事詳略得當(dāng)?shù)膶懽鞣椒ā?/p>
2.文言詞句知識的歸納整理和遷移運(yùn)用。3.文史、文化常識。【學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
掌握課文中所涉及的文言詞句知識和文史、文化常識。【學(xué)習(xí)過程】
一、解題 “傳”:傳記.記述的內(nèi)容是一個人的生平事跡。傳記要突出傳主的特點(diǎn)。
比較“傳”的不同含義:
《張衡傳》 《左傳》
《廉頗藺相如列傳》 《詩集傳》
(傳記)(傳記)
張衡,作為一個偉大的學(xué)者,在中國歷史上是罕見的;作為一個偉大的科學(xué)家,在世界歷史上也是突出的。他在政治、文學(xué)與自然學(xué)諸方面都有重大的貢獻(xiàn)。他在書法、繪畫上也有成就。他尤其注重實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的研究和發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,其發(fā)明的候風(fēng)地動儀比歐洲人第一次制出地震儀要早 1700 多年。他的這一偉大成就,至今為世界所公認(rèn)。課文節(jié)選自《后漢書·張衡傳》。
《后漢書》作者范曄,字蔚宗,南朝宋順陽(今河南淅川縣東人)人,歷史學(xué)家。博涉經(jīng)史,善屬文,能隸書,曉音律。始為尚書吏部郎,后左遷宣城太守。不得志,乃刪眾家漢書,成一家之作。累遷太子左衛(wèi)將軍,意志不滿,與魯國孔熙選謀逆,伏誅。
二、導(dǎo)讀全篇,掌握內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、寫法。1.逐段閱讀,把握內(nèi)容
課文以時間先后為順序,介紹傳主的生平事跡。全文包括五個自然段,各段內(nèi)容各有側(cè)重。
(1)寫張衡的文學(xué)才能、廉虛高潔的品格,以及他既關(guān)心國家而不慕榮利的性格。(2)寫張衡擅長于器械制造,尤致思于天文陰陽歷算術(shù)學(xué),取得突出的科技成就。(3)寫張衡不慕官場名利。簡要敘述官職變遷情況。(4)著重介紹張衡制作的候風(fēng)地動儀。
①制作時間和儀器名稱。
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②儀器的材料、大小、形狀、雕飾。從外形介紹入手,給人總體印象。
③儀器的機(jī)關(guān)構(gòu)造。說明內(nèi)部主要部件和外面八龍的作用。
④覺知地震的道理,從內(nèi)外結(jié)合上說明動儀的作用。
⑤儀器的效果:靈驗(yàn)如神,用實(shí)驗(yàn)證明地動儀的靈驗(yàn)和準(zhǔn)確。由“怪”到“服”,形象地反映出人們對這新儀器的認(rèn)識過程。
⑥儀器正式投入使用。
此段像一篇小型的說明文,從制作時間、名稱、外形、內(nèi)部構(gòu)造、功能、效果和應(yīng)用等方面,對候風(fēng)地動儀作了介紹,說明詳而不雜,有條不紊,形象具體,以致可以根據(jù)這個說明來復(fù)制候風(fēng)地動儀。
(5)寫張衡在政治上的作為。2.分析結(jié)構(gòu)。
采用明段意分段法:先逐段概括段意,然后用合并同類項法把相關(guān)聯(lián)緊縮密的自然段合在一起。
(全文五個自然段中,二、三、四自然段講的都是張衡取得的科學(xué)成就,自然應(yīng)合為一大段。這樣,就理清了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。)
全文可分為三個部分:(1)寫張衡的品格和文才①
(2)寫張衡在科學(xué)技術(shù)上取得的成就(②③④)(3)寫張衡的政治才干(⑤)第二部分是文章的重點(diǎn),又可分為兩層: 一是仕途情況,以及制作渾天儀和著《靈憲》、《算圖論》的情況; 二是專門介紹候風(fēng)地支儀。顯然,后者又是第二部分的重點(diǎn)。
作者這樣處理文章的詳略安排。無疑是非常正確的,因?yàn)閺埡庖簧卸喾矫娴牟拍芎统删?,而他在科技方面的才能和?chuàng)造發(fā)明最為突出,理應(yīng)成為本文記敘的重點(diǎn)。
三、基本知識、1、本文選自,作者 是南朝宋歷史學(xué)家、文學(xué)家。張衡是(朝代)科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家。
2、解釋下列句子中的詞語。
?衡少善屬文(屬:)?而無驕尚之情(驕尚:)?公車特征拜郎中(拜:)?衡不慕當(dāng)世(當(dāng)世:)
?京師學(xué)者咸怪其無征(無征:)?時國王驕奢,不遵典憲(典憲:)
3、下列說法正確的一項是()
A.“遂通五經(jīng),貫六藝”中“五經(jīng)”是指:詩、書、禮、易、左傳;“六藝”是指:禮、樂、射、御、書、數(shù)。
B.《兩都賦》的作者是張衡,《二京賦》的作者是班固。二都與兩京都指長安和洛陽。
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C.“拜、遷、轉(zhuǎn)、徙”都是指調(diào)動官職。D.《后漢書》與《史記》、《漢書》、《三國志》被稱為“四史”。
4、譯句。
?永元中,舉孝廉不行,連辟公府不就。
?其牙機(jī)巧制,皆隱在尊中,覆蓋周密無際。
?陰知奸黨名姓,一時收禽,上下肅然,稱為政理。
5、課文敘述了張衡哪幾方面的情況?
6、下列對原文的有關(guān)內(nèi)容的分析和概括,不正確的一項是()
A、張衡年輕時就很有才能,但他并不恃才傲物,而是穩(wěn)重淡泊,不去結(jié)交庸俗之人,也無意出世為官。
B、張衡精于機(jī)械方面的巧思,致力于天文、氣象的研算,因此被皇帝征召,于是他更精心于鉆研這方面的學(xué)問。
C、張衡研制成渾天儀后,又研制成了候風(fēng)地動儀,根據(jù)里面設(shè)置的機(jī)關(guān),可以測定地震的發(fā)生及方位。
D、永和初年,張衡出京做河間相前,預(yù)先打聽到河間的奸邪豪右,上任前將他們一舉收擒,河間從此安寧了。
四、讀選文,回答問題:
陽嘉元年,復(fù)造候風(fēng)地動儀。以精銅鑄成,員徑八尺,合蓋隆起,形似酒尊,飾以篆文山龜鳥獸之形。中有都柱,傍行八道,施關(guān)發(fā)機(jī)。外有八龍,首銜銅丸,下有蟾蜍,張口承之。其牙機(jī)巧制,皆隱在尊中,覆蓋周密無際。如有地動,尊則振龍機(jī)發(fā)吐丸,而蟾蜍銜之。振聲激揚(yáng),伺者因此覺知。雖一龍發(fā)機(jī),而七首不動,尋其方面,乃知震之所在。驗(yàn)之以事,合契若神。自書典所記,未之有也。嘗一龍機(jī)發(fā)而地不覺動,京師學(xué)者咸怪其無征,后數(shù)日驛至,果地震隴西,于是皆服其妙。自此以后,乃令史官記地動所從方起。
7、區(qū)別下列字的不同含義。
?之:下有蟾蜍,張口承之()
乃知震之所在()
?以:以精銅鑄成,員徑八尺()
自此以后()
?而:尊則振龍機(jī)發(fā)吐丸,而蟾蜍銜之()
雖一龍發(fā)機(jī),而七首不動()
8、選段從三個方面介紹了地動儀,請分別加以概括。?
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? ?
9、用自己的話說說地動儀的工作原理。
10、通過對地動儀的解說,照應(yīng)了上文的哪一句話?
五、知識拓展
墨翁者,吳槐市里中人也。嘗游荊楚間,遇人授古造墨法,因曰:“吾鬻此,足以資讀書,奚汲汲①四方乎?”乃歸,署門曰“造古法墨”。躬操杵臼,雖龜手黧②面,而形貌奇古,服危③冠大襦。人望見,咸異之。時磨墨沈④數(shù)斗,醉為人作徑尺字,殊偉。所制墨,有定直。酬弗當(dāng),輒弗與。故他肆之屨⑤恒滿,而其門落然。
客有誚⑥之曰:“子之墨雖工,如弗售何!”翁曰:“嘻!吾之墨聚材孔良,用力甚勤,以其成之難,故不欲售之易也。今之逐利者,茍作以眩俗,卑賈以餌眾,視之雖如玄圭⑦,試之則若土炭,吾竊恥焉。使吾欲售而效彼之為,則是以古墨號于外,而以今墨售于內(nèi),其可乎?且吾墨雖不售,然視篋中,則黝然者固在,何遽戚戚為!”客聞之曰:“吾儕⑧誦圣人之言,以學(xué)古為則,不能以實(shí)德弸⑨其中,徒飾外以從俗徼⑩譽(yù)者,豈不愧是翁哉?”嘆息而去。
[注]①奚汲汲:奚,哪里。汲汲,心情急切的樣子。②黧:色黑而黃。③危:高。④墨沈:墨汁。⑤屨:用麻、葛等制成的鞋。⑥誚:譏諷。⑦玄圭:黑色的玉。⑧儕:同輩。⑨弸:充滿。⑩徼:求。
11、下列句子中加點(diǎn)的詞語解釋錯誤的一項是()
A、躬操杵臼(躬:彎腰)
B、人望見,咸異之(異:感到??怪異)C、所制墨,有定直(直:價錢)D、使吾欲售而效彼之為(效:仿效)
12、下列句子中加點(diǎn)的詞意思相同的兩項是()
A、以:而以今墨售于內(nèi) 以精銅鑄成,員徑八尺
B、而:雖龜手黧面,而形貌奇古 雖才高于世,而無驕尚之情 C、雖:視之雖如玄圭 雖一龍發(fā)機(jī),而七首不動 D、于:則是以古墨號于外 衡少善屬文,游于三輔
13、對下列句子中加點(diǎn)的“之”所指代的意思,理解正確的一項是()①人望見,咸異之 ②客有誚之曰 ③試之則若土炭 ④客聞之曰
A、①和③句不同,②和④句相同 B、①和③句相同,②和④句相同 C、①和②句相同,③和④句不同 D、①和④句相同,②和③句不同
14、用現(xiàn)代漢語寫出下列句子的意思。
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①時磨墨沈數(shù)斗,醉為人作徑尺字,殊偉。
②徒飾外以從俗徼譽(yù)者,豈不愧是翁哉?
15、本文善于運(yùn)用對比的寫法來刻畫人物形象。文中的“墨翁”與“逐利者”的區(qū)別是什么?請根據(jù)文意,用自己的話簡要回答。
參考答案:
1、《后漢書》 范曄 東漢
2、?連綴,連續(xù) ?驕傲自大 ?授給官職 ?為世所用 ?沒有應(yīng)驗(yàn) ?典章制度
3、D
4、?(漢和帝)永元年間,被推薦為孝廉,沒有去應(yīng)薦;三公官署屢次召請去任職(他)也不去應(yīng)召。
?儀器的樞紐和機(jī)件制造的巧妙,都隱藏在酒樽形的儀器中,覆蓋嚴(yán)密得沒有一點(diǎn)縫隙。?暗中探知一些奸黨分子的姓名,一下子全都抓起來,官民上下都很敬畏,贊頌河間地區(qū)政治清明。
5、記敘了張衡的高尚品德和刻苦鉆研精神,以及他在文學(xué)、科學(xué)方面的成就,在政治上的作為。
6、D
7、?代詞,代銅丸;助詞,無實(shí)義 ?用;與“后”連用,表示時間的限制 ?表順接;表轉(zhuǎn)接
8、?地動儀的形狀及構(gòu)成。?地動儀的工作原理。?地動儀的運(yùn)用。
9、地動儀外面有八條銅龍,龍口各含一枚銅丸,(龍頭)下面各有一個蛤蟆,張著嘴巴,準(zhǔn)備接住龍口吐出的銅丸,如果發(fā)生地震,儀器外面的龍就震動起來,機(jī)關(guān)發(fā)動,龍口吐出銅丸,下面的蛤蟆就把它接住。尋找它的方向,就能知道地震的地方。
10、衡善機(jī)巧
11、A
12、AB
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13、C
14、①經(jīng)常研磨很多墨汁,愛好給他人寫一尺見方的字,所寫的字非常壯美。②僅僅是裝飾外表迎合世俗求得名譽(yù)的人,面對這位墨翁,難道不感到羞愧嗎?
15、逐利者以假冒真,迎合世俗,而墨翁則臨財不茍,潔身自好,堅守道德準(zhǔn)則。
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第五篇:新人教必修三_Unit1_Festivals_around_...
易仁榮特級教師工作室:
國家級課題“英語模塊教學(xué)法”正式開題
4月10日下午,國家級課題“英語模塊教學(xué)法提高教學(xué)效率研究”在北京市第八十中學(xué)正式開題。該課題是由國家基礎(chǔ)教育中心外語實(shí)驗(yàn)中心批準(zhǔn)的2009-2010資助金項目,本北京市僅此課題獲批。
“英語模塊教學(xué)法”(english modular approach)是由特級教師、全國優(yōu)秀教師易仁榮老師歷經(jīng)十年探索出的一種新的英語教學(xué)方法。該方法以“模塊”(module)為原理,以辯證法和系統(tǒng)論為理論指導(dǎo),把復(fù)雜的英語語法、3500個英語單詞和英語聽說讀寫等語用能力的培養(yǎng)優(yōu)化為若干個教學(xué)模塊,模塊的內(nèi)容既相對獨(dú)立,又相互銜接?!坝⒄Z模塊教學(xué)法”使英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容板塊化、簡單化,系統(tǒng)化,既節(jié)省英語教學(xué)時間,減輕師生教學(xué)負(fù)擔(dān),又能提高英語教學(xué)效率。教育部主管的國家級核心刊物《中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究》、《課程 教材 教法》等先后發(fā)表了易仁榮老師的系列論文,北京教育出版社出版了易仁榮老師編著的《高中英語語法7天會》、《高中英語寫作7天會》、《高中英語詞匯7周會》等5 本專著,頗受讀者歡迎。
教育部英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組專家魯子問教授、朝陽分院副院長夏秋榮、教研中心教研員朱麗萍、八十中學(xué)校長田樹林等分別在開題會上對“英語模塊教學(xué)法”給予高度評價,并希望課題組認(rèn)真做好此課題的擴(kuò)大實(shí)驗(yàn)和推廣工作。朝陽區(qū)教委特級教師工作室管理辦公室王雪梅老師、易仁榮工作室核心成員以及八十中學(xué)、日壇中學(xué)、九十四中學(xué)部分英語老師也出席了開題會。
(八十中學(xué) 易仁榮 供稿)
朝陽區(qū)職業(yè)高中第二期青年教師培訓(xùn)班啟動
2009年3月27日,朝陽區(qū)教研中心職成教研室組織完成了第二期培訓(xùn)班的開學(xué)典禮暨培訓(xùn)課程第一階段講座,培訓(xùn)工作正式啟動。全區(qū)八所職業(yè)高中上報本期學(xué)員30名,涉及9類學(xué)科。教研室針對學(xué)員具體需求,擬聘13位職高校骨干教師和5位教研員,組建了師資力量比較雄厚的指導(dǎo)教師隊伍。本期培訓(xùn)班將延續(xù)上期“理論與實(shí)踐緊密結(jié)合、指導(dǎo)教師與學(xué)員密切配合、教研室對導(dǎo)師和學(xué)員跟蹤管理”的特點(diǎn),與時俱進(jìn)地完善課程設(shè)計方案、完善管理方法,將本期課程分為教學(xué)理念學(xué)習(xí)、教學(xué)設(shè)計、課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐與聽評課、教學(xué)論文撰寫等四個階段,為期四個月,主體課程擬在本學(xué)期結(jié)束。
(區(qū)教研中心職成教研室 陳 清 供稿)
第八十中學(xué)
◆日前,由中國教育學(xué)會教育機(jī)制研究分會和教育雜志社聯(lián)合舉辦的“第三屆全國中學(xué)優(yōu)秀校內(nèi)報刊活動頒獎典禮”在京鐵大酒店舉行,八十中學(xué)報送的教科研刊《八十教研》獲最佳科研刊特等獎、《晨光報》獲最佳社團(tuán)報一等獎。
◆2009年2月13日,八十中組織全體教職工召開了首屆教科研年會,會議主題確定為:建立科學(xué)有效的管理體系,促進(jìn)教師專業(yè)化發(fā)展。會議由張恩海副校長主持,朝陽區(qū)教委姜繼為副主任、朝陽區(qū)教科所桂富榮所長、朝陽分院教科研處劉繼玲主任出席了會議。
在會上,劉麗斌書記宣讀了獲獎名單,教科研室童嘉森主任做了學(xué)校2008年教科研工作總結(jié)報告,于冬云助理對《教科研年會章程》進(jìn)行了解讀,隨后對評選出的優(yōu)秀科研成果3個一等獎、8個二等獎、4個三等獎和4個先進(jìn)科研集體進(jìn)行了隆重的頒獎儀式。
頒獎儀式結(jié)束后,教委姜繼為副主任發(fā)表了熱情洋溢的講話,姜主任首先對八十中的教科研工作給予了充分的肯定,高度評價了老師們在教育教學(xué)工作中取得的成果,同時對八十中的教科研工作提出了指導(dǎo)性意見。獲獎代表劉亦工、涂潔、吳衛(wèi)東三位老師做了典型經(jīng)驗(yàn)介紹,向全校教師介紹了他們開展校本教研的切身體會。最后田校長做了大會總結(jié),肯定了八十中2008年的教科研工作,同時指出,學(xué)校將為教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件、搭建平臺,造就一支具有創(chuàng)新精神的科研型教師隊伍,實(shí)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新性人才的目標(biāo)。
(八十中學(xué) 童嘉森 供稿)
望京實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校
我校承擔(dān)的北京市教育科學(xué)規(guī)劃辦課題《培養(yǎng)中小學(xué)學(xué)生問題解決能力策略的研究》即將于今年結(jié)題。為了配合學(xué)校結(jié)題工作的順利開展、進(jìn)一步提高教師的實(shí)踐研究能力及總結(jié)反思能力,2009年2月12日,我校請來課題指導(dǎo)專家——北京市基礎(chǔ)教育研究所評價研究室張愛蘭主任,對全校教師進(jìn)行了兩個多小時的培訓(xùn)。會后各教研組針對專家講座內(nèi)容,結(jié)合各組研究進(jìn)展情況,就前期實(shí)踐中的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生問題解決能力的策略進(jìn)行交流、討論,結(jié)合學(xué)校的科研計劃,各教研組、各子課題組對即將開展的課題研究進(jìn)行規(guī)劃,制定了本學(xué)期各教研組詳細(xì)的研究計劃,這對后期的課題研究工作將起到很好的指導(dǎo)作用。
(望京實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校 黃秀英 供稿)
呼家樓中學(xué)
◆2009年1月6日下午呼家樓中學(xué)召開“呼家樓中學(xué)第十一屆教育教學(xué)論文年會”,會議由學(xué)校教科研負(fù)責(zé)人主持。該年會共收到60篇論文,有14篇獲獎,其中一等獎3名,二等獎5名,三等獎6名,獲獎比例占25%。學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為獲獎?wù)哳C發(fā)了榮譽(yù)證書。兩位獲獎?wù)撐慕處煼謩e做了交流發(fā)言;李獻(xiàn)國校長做了重要講話,強(qiáng)調(diào)教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐與教育教學(xué)思想的相互融合、相互促進(jìn)、相互提高,強(qiáng)調(diào)教師必須提高課堂教學(xué)的實(shí)效性,強(qiáng)調(diào)教師必須準(zhǔn)確把握考綱、考點(diǎn)等。本次活動搭建了展示教師教育教學(xué)智慧的平臺,營造了積極向上、努力鉆研業(yè)務(wù)的校園文化氛圍?!?009年2月12日上午,呼家樓中學(xué)召開2008-2009學(xué)第二學(xué)期“校本培訓(xùn)暨專家講座”會議。學(xué)校特邀我區(qū)教研中心語文教研員王丹就《對中學(xué)校本課程的認(rèn)識》做專題講座。該講座涉及四個版塊內(nèi)容:
一、開發(fā)校本課程的意義。
二、開發(fā)校本課程的基本原則。
三、開發(fā)校本課程中學(xué)校和教師的角色。
四、關(guān)于校本課程的評價。該講座邏輯性強(qiáng),環(huán)環(huán)相叩;科學(xué)性強(qiáng),引經(jīng)據(jù)典;實(shí)用性強(qiáng),聯(lián)系實(shí)際;思路開闊,旁征博引。通過聆聽該講座,全校教職工受益匪淺:徜徉在論證嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)之中,領(lǐng)略到如何研究的方法之中,將嘗試在新學(xué)期的實(shí)踐之中。
◆2009年2月27—28日,呼家樓中學(xué)在朝來農(nóng)藝園召開畢業(yè)年級教育教學(xué)雙研會。與會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有區(qū)中教科喬科長、教研中心蘇主任、各科教研員以及學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。會議由教學(xué)主任李鋒主持。首先,李獻(xiàn)國校長致開幕詞。主管教學(xué)的白光副校長、李鋒主任就高三和初三年級學(xué)情現(xiàn)狀先后做了認(rèn)真細(xì)致地分析,就新學(xué)期工作任務(wù)、工作重點(diǎn)、工作措施和注意要求做了認(rèn)真布置。初三和高三年級組長就各自年級教情與學(xué)情現(xiàn)狀先后做了詳細(xì)剖析。之后初中、高中組進(jìn)行分組討論,區(qū)教研員隨組參加,針對學(xué)科特點(diǎn)做出指導(dǎo);
中教科喬科長參加了初中分組討論,就中考報名、查漏補(bǔ)缺、采取措施和注意事項等提出了指導(dǎo)性意見。最后初三和高三兩個年級組長將分組討論情況進(jìn)行匯報。區(qū)教委中教科喬科長對這次校本培訓(xùn)——雙研會,予以充分肯定、體現(xiàn)了學(xué)校教育教學(xué)管理精細(xì)化、文本化,希望教師認(rèn)真細(xì)致地做好教研、考研,為質(zhì)量工程的推進(jìn)落到實(shí)處。區(qū)教研中心蘇主任肯定了教師的學(xué)情分析細(xì)致、到位,針對中高考工作重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)四個要點(diǎn):思路清晰、安排合理、方法得當(dāng)、落實(shí)到位。這次雙研會,氣氛熱烈,集思廣益,受益匪淺,意義重要,影響長久。
(呼家樓中學(xué) 供稿)
勁松職業(yè)高中
陽春三月,春光明媚。勁松職高“以提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量”為主題的校本培訓(xùn)拉開帷幕。學(xué)校聘請北京市職教專家慶敏校長進(jìn)行了《如何上好一節(jié)課——做好教學(xué)設(shè)計》的專題講座。區(qū)職成教研室張俊英主任解讀了《朝陽區(qū)職高課堂教學(xué)評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。學(xué)校組織全體教師觀摩賞析了市區(qū)級優(yōu)秀課,進(jìn)行課例分析。在理念講座與課例觀摩的基礎(chǔ)上,“以提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量”為主題的校本培訓(xùn)進(jìn)入到實(shí)踐演練階段。4月底,學(xué)校開展了“教學(xué)開放周”活動,中層干部推門聽課實(shí)地了解培訓(xùn)效果。5月份,學(xué)校將在推門聽課的基礎(chǔ)上,推出典型全校展示,并組織優(yōu)秀教師參加區(qū)市級教學(xué)基本功大賽。
(勁松職高 孫敬梅 供稿)