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      專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)總結(jié)

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 02:08:26下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)總結(jié)》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)總結(jié)》。

      第一篇:專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)總結(jié)

      美國(guó)概況

      1.dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River.(美國(guó)最長(zhǎng)河,“眾河之父”Father of Waters

      2.白人最多 Hispanic 第二多,就是拉丁裔的美國(guó)人成為美國(guó)人數(shù)最多的少數(shù)民族。

      4.America has the world's oldest written constitution and political party.英國(guó)沒(méi)有成文憲法。

      7.The New England region's cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.8.California最大洲,人最多。Rhode Island是最小洲。

      9.Which of the following is NOT America's newspaper? A.Wall Street Journal B.USA today C.Guardian(英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》)D.The Milwaukee Journal

      10.ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, MTV, HBO 等都是美國(guó)主要的新聞與有線電視網(wǎng)絡(luò) 13.紐約最大城,最重要港口。

      14.washington.D.C是以喬治華盛頓和哥倫布命名的George Washington and Christopher Columbus.16.第一個(gè)共和黨總統(tǒng)是林肯。

      20.The statue of liberty was given to American people by France as a gift in 1884.、21.Franklin D.Roosevelt's 任期最長(zhǎng)(12 years)

      22.Civil War 1861-1865 24.10月30是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)。Halloween

      25.美國(guó)面積世界第四。

      28.The first Puritans came to America on the ship May Flower.英國(guó)概況

      2.高爾夫來(lái)源于蘇格蘭。足球網(wǎng)球,英格蘭(溫布爾登)?;@球,美國(guó)。3.5-16歲,義務(wù)教育。

      4.最長(zhǎng)河 塞文河。Severn River.5.五年一次大選。

      6.“God Save the Queen” 國(guó)歌

      7.1588 打敗西班牙無(wú)敵艦隊(duì),成為海上霸主。

      8.Big Ben is a famous clock in London.9.1066 William the Conqueror 諾曼底登陸。

      10.The Times 最老日?qǐng)?bào)。

      12.Margaret Thatcher is the first female Prime Minister in Britain 13.威爾士---加的夫,Cardiff。北愛(ài)爾蘭—Belfast。蘇格蘭—Edinburg.14.the Conservative party and the Labor party 兩大黨。

      15.The new agency Reuters(路透社)was founded in London.16.The Anglo-Saxons 英國(guó)人的祖先,建立英格蘭的人。17.Glasgow蘇格蘭最大城市。

      18.Parliament 議會(huì)包括三部分:the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.語(yǔ)言學(xué)

      1.The core of linguistics: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology形態(tài)學(xué),研究單詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則。包括:inflectional morphology 曲折詞匯,即是單詞的數(shù)、性、格、時(shí)態(tài)的變化。和derivational morphology 派生詞匯。

      Syntax, Semantics語(yǔ)義學(xué),研究單詞,句子的意思。,Pragmatics

      2.現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)的開(kāi)端Saussure's book Course in General Linguistics

      3.Prescriptive vs.Descriptive 規(guī)定性研究與描寫(xiě)性研究 Linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is prescriptive.4.Competence vs.performance 語(yǔ)言能力與語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用:提出者: N.Chomsky。The two terms are similar with Saussure's langue and parole.5.Phonetics: 語(yǔ)音學(xué),研究語(yǔ)音的產(chǎn)生,傳播,理解。6.Phonology:音位學(xué),研究sound pattern 和 sound system。

      音位學(xué)與語(yǔ)音學(xué)的不同:語(yǔ)音學(xué)著重于語(yǔ)音的自然屬性;音位學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)音的社會(huì)功能。9.Morpheme: the minimal unit of meaning.11.Transformational-Generative grammar: proposed by Chomsky in 1957(轉(zhuǎn)換生成語(yǔ)法)

      ? ?

      12.hyponymy 上下義關(guān)系,指一種意義包含關(guān)系,一個(gè)上義詞一般會(huì)有許多下義詞,比如flower 與violet 的關(guān)系即上下義關(guān)系。

      ? ? 13.antonymy 反義關(guān)系:Gradable antonyms 兩者并非絕對(duì)對(duì)立,而是相對(duì)hot-cold;(2)complementary antonyms 互補(bǔ),非此即彼,如male-famale(3)relational antonyms 可逆關(guān)系buy-sell

      ?Sapir-worf hypothesis.?認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言決定或影響人的思維方式和行為。

      16.acquisition(習(xí)得)a subconscious process withoutlearning of grammatical rules.Learning(學(xué)習(xí)): a conscious learning of the second language knowledge by learning the rules and talking about the rules.英國(guó)文學(xué) 1.Beowulf: national epic in old English 2.Geoffrey Chaucer喬叟 : father of modern English poetry;The Canterbury Tales

      3.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: story about King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table

      4.Renaissance: it was an intellectual movement.首先于意大利,14世紀(jì)。2個(gè)特征:追求古典文學(xué),和人文主義 classical literature,humanity.5.Thomas More: Utopia

      6.莎士比亞:四大悲劇 Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Othello。還有他的 sonnets and love tragedy: Romeo and Juliet.7.John Milton彌爾頓,失樂(lè)園: Paradise Lost(great epic)8.Daniel Defoe笛福: Robinson Crusoe 現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)之父 9.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels格里佛游記

      10.John Bunyan班揚(yáng): Pilgrim’s Progress 天路歷程

      (most successful religious allegory in the English language.)

      11.◆ Samuel Johnson

      英語(yǔ)字典

      A Dictionary of the English Language

      12.18世紀(jì)中期,浪漫主義

      13.National poet of Scotland: Robert Burns 羅伯特彭斯,蘇格蘭國(guó)家詩(shī)人。A red,red rose。

      14.William Wordsworth 華茲華斯和coleridge: Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of Romanticism

      ◆拜倫 George Gordon Byron: Don Juan 唐璜,she walks in the beauty 她走在美的光影里。When we two were parted,依依惜別時(shí)。Hebrew melodies,希伯來(lái)歌曲。

      ◆雪萊 Percy Bysshe Shelley:解放了的普羅米修斯prometheus unbounded,西風(fēng)頌,致云雀,to a skylark。拜倫評(píng)價(jià)雪萊:the best and least selfish man I ever know。

      ◆濟(jì)慈 John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale 夜鶯頌,秋頌,希臘古翁頌。?Beauty is truth,truth beauty。?

      ◆簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀 傲慢與偏見(jiàn),理智與情感,艾瑪。

      維多利亞時(shí)期(1836 – 1901)realism.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義

      ◆狄更斯Charles Dickens:

      第一時(shí)期:匹克威克外傳,使他成名。霧都孤兒,oliver twist,老古玩店,the old curiosity shop。

      第二時(shí)期:董貝父子,dombey and son。大衛(wèi)科波菲爾,David copperfield 第三時(shí)期:艱難時(shí)刻,遠(yuǎn)大前程,great expectations,雙城記。(Paris and London).Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊

      Charlotte bronte:簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)Jane Eyre ◆托馬斯哈代Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urbervilles 特伯家的苔絲 ◆馬克皮斯,薩克雷William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair 名利場(chǎng) ◆喬治,艾略特

      Geroge Eliot 女作家,亞當(dāng)、比德

      Adam Bede,弗洛斯河上的磨坊 The Mill on the Floss,織工馬南,Silas Marner ◆蕭伯納 George Bernard Shaw the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.Man and superman 人與超人,Pygmalion皮革馬利翁,major Barbara芭芭拉少校。

      ◆羅伯特,布朗寧。Robert Browning 男男女女 men and women ◆Decadence頹廢派文藝

      Oscar wildle。他們的理念:Art for art’s sake ◆John Galsworthy:

      The Forsyte Saga 福賽特家史。

      ◆艾略特,T.S.Eliot

      荒原 the waste land

      四個(gè)四重奏 Four Quarters ◆葉芝,Yeats 愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人。駛向拜占庭sailing to Byzantium

      基督再臨The second coming

      麗達(dá)及天鵝Leda and swan

      ◆勞倫斯,David Herbert Lawrence

      兒子與情人 son and lovers,他的半自傳小說(shuō)。他最有人氣的小說(shuō) 查特萊夫人的情人Lady chatterley’s love。他最具有爭(zhēng)議的小說(shuō)。虹The rainbow 他最好的小說(shuō)。

      ◆詹姆斯,喬伊斯 James Joyce,愛(ài)爾蘭作家。意識(shí)流的奠基人,stream-of-consciousness。一個(gè)青年藝術(shù)家的肖像,A portrait of the artist as a young man

      自傳體:Ulysses 尤利西斯

      ◆弗吉尼亞.伍爾夫,virginia woolf

      Mrs Dalloway 黛洛維夫人

      To the lighthouse 到燈塔去

      The waves 波浪。這三部小說(shuō)使她成名。

      A room of one’s own 自己的房間

      Three Guineas 三個(gè)基尼 這兩部被認(rèn)為是女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的經(jīng)典。

      加拿大概況

      1.Maples are always used to symbolize Canada.2.加拿大曾是英國(guó)的殖民地 3.官方語(yǔ)言:英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)

      4.最大的城市是多倫多Toronto,第二大是蒙特利爾。首都是渥太華。5.面積世界第二大。6 最大的漁產(chǎn)品出口國(guó)。Quebec 最大的省。本省說(shuō)法語(yǔ)人最多。Ontario 是人口最多的省,多倫多和渥太華

      都在此。最長(zhǎng)的河 麥肯齊河 the Mackenzie 最重要的河:圣勞倫斯河 the St Lawrence 9 加拿大最重要的自然資源是水資源。英聯(lián)邦commonwealth成員,10個(gè)provinces,3個(gè)territories。11 head of state 是 queen Elizabeth 二世。由 governor general 代表。12 五年一次大選。Prime minister 和cabinet 行使行政權(quán)。senate:104成員,house of commons 295個(gè)成員,按洲人口數(shù)分配。

      ◆14 法律必須被兩院一起通過(guò),并由總督簽字(簽伊麗莎白的名字)才能生效。政黨:Liberal party,progressive conservative party。自由黨和保守黨。

      ◆16 教育是各個(gè)省的事。Provincial responsibility。最古老的大學(xué):Laval university 拉瓦勒大學(xué) 在Quebec。

      澳大利亞概況

      1.Australia, as the world’s smallest continent and largest island, has a small population in relation to its size.2.國(guó)慶 :1月26日。

      ANZAC 澳新軍團(tuán)日 :4月25。3 首都:堪培拉Canberra.最大的城市:

      悉尼 最常河:墨累河,The Murray。最大湖:艾爾湖

      Lake Eyre 5 6 states and 2 territories(6+2)第一大羊毛出口國(guó),第二大肉制品出口國(guó),第三大小麥出口國(guó)。7 憲法只能通過(guò)referendum修改。

      8? 三年一次大選。Senate 76個(gè)成員。司法:High court of Australia 最高法院。the federal court of Australia。Family court of Australia(處理婚姻問(wèn)題)政黨:由大到?。汗h the Australia labour party(最大,最老),自由黨liberal party,國(guó)家黨national party,民主黨the Australia democrats(關(guān)心環(huán)境和生活質(zhì)量)11澳大利亞最古老報(bào)紙: 悉尼先驅(qū)晨報(bào)

      the Sydney Morning Herald 12 發(fā)行量最大的雜志:澳大利亞婦女周刊 the Australian woman’s weekly

      新西蘭概況

      1.最大的城市:奧克蘭Auckland.2首都:惠靈頓 wellington 2.土著居民:The Maori(毛利人)

      3.James Cook claimed that Australia and New Zealand belonged to Britain in 1770.4 三年一次大選。司法不屬于政府。The judiciary is independent of the government 6 新西蘭人意inventiveness聞名。

      愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó),the republic of Ireland ▲▲1 head of state 是 總統(tǒng) president。7年任期,直接選舉(direct suffrage)

      美國(guó)文學(xué)

      美國(guó)第一個(gè)作家:

      Captain John Smith

      “God help those who help themselves”

      Benjamin Franklin.Transcendentalism

      New England 1830s to the Civil War.霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne.The Scarlet Letter紅字。主人公(hester prynne 女主。Roger chillingworth 女主老公。Arthur dimmsdale,緋聞男)

      The house of seven gables 有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子。

      艾默生,Ralph Waldo Emerson.超驗(yàn)主義代表。

      The American Scholar by Emerson was regarded as “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.Nature 他的第一部作品。

      惠特曼

      walt Whitman

      民主詩(shī)人。Free verse

      自由詩(shī)體

      草葉集 Leaves of grass,被譽(yù)為 Democratic Bible。

      草葉集中最著名

      自我之歌 song of myself。

      Captain, My Captain 為林肯寫(xiě)的。

      華盛頓、歐文美國(guó)作家。Washington Irving 寫(xiě)短篇小說(shuō),還有散文。第一個(gè)取得國(guó)際名聲的 The sketch book

      見(jiàn)聞札記

      其中著名的兩篇:

      Rip van wrinkle 瑞普、凡、溫克爾(一個(gè)怕老婆的農(nóng)民在山里沉睡了20年,后醒了發(fā)現(xiàn)都20年后了)

      The legend of sleep hollow 睡谷的傳說(shuō)

      埃米莉、迪金森。Emily Dickinson 美國(guó)19世紀(jì)著名的女詩(shī)人。

      作品:因?yàn)槲也荒艿却郎?because I could not stop for death 我是無(wú)名小卒,你是誰(shuí)?I‘m no body。Who are you?

      馬克、吐溫 Mark Twain?,F(xiàn)實(shí)主義,幽默。

      作品: 湯姆索耶歷險(xiǎn)記The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 哈克貝里芬歷險(xiǎn)記The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 密西西比河上 life on Mississippi 王子與貧兒 prince and pauper 西奧多、德萊賽

      Theodore Dreiser

      naturist writer 作品:▋▋ 嘉莉妹妹 Sister Carrie, 第一部小說(shuō)。(carrie是主人翁,她不擇手段為謀求

      漂亮的衣服,金錢(qián),名望,最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了,但她的愛(ài)人卻自殺了)

      美國(guó)悲劇

      An American Tragedy

      欲望三部曲Trilogy of desire(金融家 the financier,巨人 the titan,斯多葛 the stoic)

      杰克、倫敦 Jack London:

      馬丁、伊登Martin Eden(autobiographical);野性的呼喚 the call of the wild;熱愛(ài)生命 love of life 羅伯特、弗羅斯特 Robert Frost 20世紀(jì)美國(guó)著名詩(shī)人。

      第一部詩(shī)

      少年的意志

      a boy’s wish

      雪夜林邊停Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 未選之路The Road Not Taken 修墻Mending Wall 海明威Ernest Hemingway

      spokesman of Lost Generation

      老人與海The Old Man and the Sea,,永別了武器A Farewell to Arms(henry and catherine),太陽(yáng)照常升起the sun also rises,喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴for whom the bell tolls 弗朗西斯、司各特、菲茨杰拉爾德Francis.Scott.Fitzgerald: spokesman of the Jazz Age

      了不起的蓋茨比

      the Great Gatsby(nick caraway主人公)

      威廉、??思{ William Faulkner:

      southern writer of the 20th century 喧嘩與騷動(dòng)The Sound and the Fury

      在我彌留之際 as I lay dying Eugene O’Neil:

      playwright of the modern period in American literature劇作家

      改錯(cuò)注意點(diǎn):

      名詞:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)

      介詞:換介詞,或者添介詞

      動(dòng)詞:刪掉或者添上介詞,換動(dòng)詞,-ed或者-ing 形容詞:比較級(jí)

      冠詞:刪掉或者添上冠詞 代詞:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)

      關(guān)系代詞:which換that

      連詞:and, or, therefore, however, but 主謂一致:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)

      翻譯注意點(diǎn):

      PART FIVE TRANSLATION 貼—措辭貼---標(biāo)點(diǎn)貼 不要?jiǎng)h和漏

      注意:專(zhuān)有名詞加定冠詞、首字母大寫(xiě),

      第二篇:專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)

      鋼琴:

      《Kiss The Rain 雨的印記》(Yiruma)《Tears眼淚》(The Daydream)《YOU&ME》(The Daydream)

      《天空之城》鋼琴版 Carrying You 《Merry Christmas》 Mr.Lawrence(坂本龍一)《流動(dòng)的城市》林海 《月光邊境》林海 《迷失》林海

      《遠(yuǎn)方的寂靜》林海 《Canon In D》帕海貝爾 《鳥(niǎo)之詩(shī)》鋼琴版 小提琴:

      《流浪者之歌》薩拉薩蒂 《天空之城》久石讓 《小百合》(《云之彼端 約定的地方》中的曲子)《Ave Maria圣母頌》舒伯特 《D大調(diào)卡農(nóng)》帕海貝爾 《斗牛士之歌》薩拉薩蒂

      《D大調(diào)第一華麗波蘭舞曲》維尼亞夫斯基 《24首隨想曲》帕格尼尼 《G小調(diào)恰空》維塔利 大提琴:

      《天鵝》圣桑(優(yōu)雅的天鵝)

      《G大調(diào)第1號(hào)無(wú)伴奏大提琴組曲之前奏曲》巴赫(很經(jīng)典)《降B大調(diào)第九大提琴協(xié)奏曲》博凱里尼

      《西西里舞曲》福雷(非常有旋律性,好聽(tīng)的曲子?。﹩位晒埽?/p>

      《單簧管波爾卡》波蘭民謠 《浪漫曲》圣桑(溫柔的)小號(hào):

      《亞麻色頭發(fā)的少女》德彪西

      《雙鷹旗下進(jìn)行曲》瓦格納(進(jìn)行曲)

      《阿萊城的姑娘之法朗多爾》比才(較有氣勢(shì))

      《行星組曲之木星》霍爾斯特(溫馨,卻又有點(diǎn)憂(yōu)傷的感覺(jué))《小夜曲》舒伯特(小夜曲,浪漫?。陡柚怼烽T(mén)德?tīng)査桑ǔ錆M(mǎn)著陽(yáng)光的味道)長(zhǎng)笛:

      《a小調(diào)無(wú)伴奏長(zhǎng)笛組曲》巴赫(這首曲子被認(rèn)為是最不像長(zhǎng)笛組曲的長(zhǎng)笛組曲)《沉思》馬斯涅(浪漫的法國(guó)風(fēng)格)

      《培爾·金特組曲之第一組曲晨景》格里格(清新優(yōu)美的小品)《阿爾比諾尼柔板》阿爾比諾尼(憂(yōu)傷、沉重)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試建議閱讀參考書(shū)目【文學(xué)類(lèi)】

      一、英國(guó)文學(xué)

      Kingsley Amis Lucky Jim Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Arnold Bennett The Old Wiveds’Tale Elizabeth Bowen The Death of the Heart Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Emily Bronte Wuthering HGeights Anthony Burgess A Clockwordk Orange Samuel BVutler The Way of All Flesh A.S.Byatt Possession Lewis Carroll Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Angela Carter The Com pany of Wolves Agatha Christie Mdurder on the Orient Express Ivy Compton-Burnett A Fdamily and a Fortune Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe Charles Dickens David Copperfield Sir Arthur C.Ddyle Adventure of Sherlock Holmes Margaret Drabble The Waterfall Daphne Du Maurier Rebecca George Eliot Middlemarch E.M.FGorster Howards End, A Passage to India John Fowles The French Lieutenant’s Woman John Galsworthy The Man of Property William Golding Lord of the Flies Graham Greene The Human Factor Thomas Hardy Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure Aldous Huxley After Many a Summer Henry James Daisy Miller James Joyce A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Rudyard Kipling Kim Charles Lamb Tales from Shakespeared D.H.Lawrence Sons and Lovers John Le Carred The Spy Who Came in from the Cold Doris Lessing The Grass Is Singing David Lodge Nice Work W.Somerset Maugham The Moon and Sixpence, Of Human Bondage Iris Murddoch The Black Prince George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-four Salman Rushdie Midnight Children Sir Walter Scott Ivanhoe C.P.Snow Thed Affair Muriel Spark The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island Johathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels

      William M.Thackeray Vanity Fair Evelyn Waugh A Hand ful of Dust H.G.Wells The Invisible Man Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray Virginia Woolf Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse

      二、美國(guó)文學(xué)

      Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio James Baldwin Go Tell It on the Mountain Saul Bellow Seize the Day, Henderson the Rain King Willam S.Burroughs The Naked Lunch Willa Cather My Antonia Kate Chopin The Awakening Stephen Crane The Red Badge of Courage Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie, An American Tragedy Ralph Ellison Invisible Man William Faulkner Go Down, Moses, The Sound and the Fury F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Alex Haley Roots Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter Josph Heller Catch-22 Ernest Hedmingway The Sun Also Rises, Thed Old Man and the Sea James Jones From Here to Eternity Maxine Hong Kingston The Woman Warrior Harper lee To Kill a Mockingbird Sinchlair Lewis Main Street Jack London The Call of the Wild, Martin Eden Norman Mailer The Naked and the Dead Carson McCullers The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter James A.Michener Centennial Margaret Mitchell Gone with the Wind Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye Vladimir Nabokov Lolita Frank Norris The Octopus J.D.Salinger The Catcher in the Rye Erich Segal Man, Woman and Child Upton Sinclair The Jungle John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin William Styron Sophie’s Choice Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Alice Walker The Color Purple Robert Penn Warren All the King’s Men Edith Wharton The Age of Innocence Thornton Wilder The Bridge of San Luis Rey

      Thomas Wolfe Look Homeward, Angel

      Herman Wouk The Winds of War

      Richard Wright Native Son

      三、加拿大文學(xué)

      Morley Callaghan That Summer in Paris

      Northrop Frye The Great Code

      Margaret Laurence The Stone Angel

      Stephen Leacock Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town

      Malcolm Lowry Under the Volcano

      Hugh MacLennan The Watch That Ends the Night

      L.M.Montgomery Anne of Green Gables

      四、澳大利亞文學(xué)

      Martin Boyd Lucinda Brayford

      Peter Carey Oscar and Lucinda

      Miles Franklin My Brilliant Career

      Thomas Keneally Shindler’s Ark

      Alex Miller The Ancestor Game

      Henry Handel Richardson The Fortunes of Richard Mahony

      Christina Stead The Man Who Loved Children

      Randolph Stow To the Islands

      Patrick White Voss, The Tree of Man

      五、中國(guó)文化

      Yung Ming My Life in China and America

      Chiang monlin Tides from the West

      Tcheng Ki Tong The Chinese Painted by Themselves

      Ku Hung Ming The Spirit of the Chinese People

      Fei Hsiao Tung Peasant Life in China

      Lin Yu Tang My Country and My People

      A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Classical Poetry

      A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Classical Prose

      A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Classical Fiction

      A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Modern Poetry

      A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Modern Prose

      A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Modorn Fiction 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)考試范圍

      在研究完專(zhuān)八歷年試卷的人文知識(shí)部分后,總結(jié)出以下幾點(diǎn):

      1、英語(yǔ)國(guó)家地理概況 4分

      2、英美文學(xué)部分 3分

      3、詞匯部分 3分

      這十分分值雖然相對(duì)較小,但覆蓋面挺大,比如地理概況就包括六個(gè)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的基本知識(shí),復(fù)習(xí)起來(lái)似乎有點(diǎn)力不從心,其實(shí)不然。

      I、先拿第一個(gè)來(lái)說(shuō),地理概況無(wú)非是注重英美兩國(guó)方面,在復(fù)習(xí)其他四個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)不用那么深入,只要知其一二即可(首都/首府總得記吧?),而英美方面的知識(shí)對(duì)于我們英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該有所了解,只是沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)地去整理,如果在整理一遍之后,我想會(huì)柳暗花明!當(dāng)然如果你本身一直以來(lái)對(duì)各個(gè)國(guó)家都相當(dāng)了解,那我說(shuō)你已吃定這4分。

      II、英美文學(xué)方面就有點(diǎn)頭疼了,特別對(duì)于那些在平時(shí)對(duì)它忽略不計(jì)的朋友們此時(shí)根本不知道從何下手,不用慌,你慌也沒(méi)用,只有拿起課本,將一個(gè)個(gè)作家對(duì)應(yīng)他們最有名的著作(最簡(jiǎn)單的復(fù)習(xí)方式)列在一起,進(jìn)行歸類(lèi),即可。如果想全部拿下這3分就要再關(guān)注一些他們的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn),作品中的主人公等。

      III、這部分在我看來(lái)是最容易拿分的,復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候只要將sytax, semantics, pragmatics,等概念弄清楚,把Chomski和另外有名的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)應(yīng)的理論記一下就可。當(dāng)然這是對(duì)那些平時(shí)不鳥(niǎo)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的朋友說(shuō)的。對(duì)于平時(shí)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講也想穩(wěn)拿這3分的還要系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)一下,做到疏而不漏。

      希望對(duì)赴考途中的朋友們有所幫助!英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)人文輔導(dǎo)小測(cè)試(1)

      __1__ Percy Bysshe Shelly is famous for ___.A Ode to a Skylark and Ode to a Nightingale B Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to the West Wind C Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on a Grecian Urn D Ode to the West Wind and Ode to a Skylark __2__ “Three of four families in a country village is something to work.” This statement was presented by ___.A Emily Bronte B Jane Austen C Mrs.Gaskell D George Eliot __3__ George Eliot wrote all the following except ___.A The Mill of Floss B Silas Marner C Middlemarch D Agnes Grey __4__ The novel Vanity Fair was written by ___.A William Makepeace Thackeray B Charles Dickens C O.Henry D Henry James __5__ Vanity Fair was a novel written by William Makepeace Thackeray, and the term “vanity fair” firstly appeared in ___ by ___.A Canterbury Tales ? Geoffrey Chaucer B The Pilgrim’s Progress ? John Bunyan C Tome Jones ? Henry Fielding D Dubliners ? James Joyce __6__ The novel Vanity Fair was written by William Makepeace Thackeray who also wrote ___.A The Way of all life B The History of Henry Esmond C Sister Carrie D Howard’s End __7__Barchester Series is a series of novels written by ___.A Barchester B Thomas Hardy C Anthony Trollope D Mark Twin __8__ Erehwon is a satiric novel written by ___.A Samuel Butler B Henry Fielding C Thomas More D Mark Twin __9__ In “the lake Isle of Innisfree” William Butler Yeats Express his ___? A desire to escape from the materialistic society B fear caused by the impending war C interest in the Irish legend D Love for Maud Gonne, a beautiful Irish actress __10__ Walter Scott’s historical novels cover a long period of time, from the Middle Ages to 18th century.His work Ivanhoe deals an epoch of ___ history.A English B French C Scotland D Irish 1選D。題中所有“頌歌”都是浪漫主義詩(shī)人的代表作品,《西風(fēng)頌》(Ode to the West Wind),《云雀頌》(Ode to a Skylark)是雪萊的代表作抒情詩(shī)。

      2選B。奧斯丁通過(guò)對(duì)熟悉的人和事物的描寫(xiě)展示了她所生活的英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)紳階層的生活景觀,她認(rèn)為“一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村中的三四戶(hù)人家是合適的寫(xiě)作對(duì)象?!?/p>

      3選D。喬治.愛(ài)略特是瑪麗.安.伊萬(wàn)斯(Mary Ann Evans)的筆名,這位才女是19世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的真正代表,她的《弗羅斯河上的磨坊》(The Mill of Floss),《織工馬南》(Silas Marner),和《米德?tīng)栺R契》(Middlemarch)等作品以寫(xiě)實(shí)手法展現(xiàn)英國(guó)的社會(huì)人生圖,對(duì)人物的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)和行為機(jī)動(dòng)刻畫(huà)十分生動(dòng)細(xì)致,愛(ài)略特因此被譽(yù)為心理小說(shuō)的先驅(qū)。選A?!睹麍?chǎng)》是威廉.麥克皮斯.薩克雷(William Makepeace Thackrary)創(chuàng)作的小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)通過(guò)女主人公不擇手段躋身上流社會(huì)的故事,對(duì)勢(shì)力者進(jìn)行了無(wú)情的揭露和嘲諷。5 選B?!睹麍?chǎng)》是威廉.麥克皮斯.薩克雷(William Makepeace Thackrary)創(chuàng)作的小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)通過(guò)女主人公不擇手段躋身上流社會(huì)的故事,對(duì)勢(shì)力者進(jìn)行了無(wú)情的揭露和嘲諷。名利場(chǎng)這一詞最初出現(xiàn)在班揚(yáng)的《天路歷程》(The Pilgrim’s Progress)一書(shū)中,是一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的專(zhuān)門(mén)出售虛榮用品的集市,如地位、榮譽(yù)、頭銜、財(cái)富等等。薩克累將其借用過(guò)來(lái)作為小說(shuō)的名。6 選B。薩克雷(William Makepeace Thackrary)的《亨利.埃斯蒙德》(The History of Henry Esmond)是英國(guó)文學(xué)史上一部杰出的歷史小說(shuō)。7 選C。安東尼.特羅洛普(Anthony Trollope)是19世紀(jì)中下葉英國(guó)重要的小說(shuō)家,他是一位多產(chǎn)作家,作品達(dá)47部之多,主要作品是“巴塞特郡系列小說(shuō)”(Barchester Series)。8 選A。塞繆爾.勃特勒(Samuel Butler)的《埃瑞璜》(Erehwon)是一部諷刺性小說(shuō),Erehwon是英文nowhere的倒寫(xiě),通過(guò)一位游客在埃瑞璜的所見(jiàn)所聞,記錄了這個(gè)烏托邦國(guó)家的生活,以此抨擊和諷刺英國(guó)社會(huì)。9 選A?!兑聊崴垢ダ锖印罚╰he Lake Isle of Innisfree)是葉芝最為著名的抒情詩(shī)之一,表達(dá)了作者渴望回歸自然,過(guò)一種古老、純樸、隱士般生活的愿望。選A。司各特的歷史小說(shuō)通常被分為三類(lèi):以蘇格蘭歷史為背景的小說(shuō)有《羅布.羅伊》(Rob Roy), 以英國(guó)歷史為背景的小說(shuō)有《艾凡赫》(Ivanhoe),以歐洲其他國(guó)家歷史為背景的小說(shuō)有《昆丁.達(dá)威特》(Quentin Durwark)。專(zhuān)八人文必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)

      Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)/Edward VIII chose the Beauty and gave up the Crown/Union Flag(National Flag---St.George(England);St.Andrew(Scotland);St.Patrick(Ireland)/Magna Carta(1215,the earliest constitutional law)/Iron Lady(Margaret Thatcher)/Tony Blair(the youngest British Prime Minister)/John Bull/ Oxford(1168)/ Cambridge(1200)(Trinity College)---(Bacon, Newton, Milton, Darwin, Byron, Russell, Thackeray)/ Sherlock Holmes---Conan Doyle)/Titanic from Southampton—New York)/ Scotland---kilt, Highland fling, bagpipe and Scotch Whisky)/Tips(to insure prompt service)/Guy Fawkes Night(5 November)/

      America: Death Valley(lowest point)/Grand Canyon/ Lake Superior/ Maine(smallest number of letter)/ General Sherman(oldest tree)/ Wall Street/ Harvard University/ Alaska(oil/size)/ Sears Tower—Skyscraper in Chicago)/ Las Vegas(gambling city—Atlantic City in New Jersey)/Theodore Roosevelt—the youngest president)/ Pentagon/ Big Three: General Motors/Ford/ Chrysler/ Republican Party—Donkey/ Democratic Party---Elephant/ Annual salary of President—25)/ Air Force One(Boeing 747)/ Richard Nixon---impeached for Watergate Affair)/ National flag—Stars and Stripes/ the National Emblem---the Bald Eagle(strength/courage/liberty)/ American National Anthem—Star-spangled Banner)/Uncle Sam/Ivy League University(Harvard University;Yale;Princeton University;Brown University;Columbia University;University of Pennsylvania;Cornell University;Dartmouth)/West Point/ Air Jordan/ Walt Disney/Disneyland/

      第三篇:專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)練習(xí)

      __1__The Untied Kingdom is also known by its official name

      A the United Kingdom of Great Britain and England

      B the United Kingdom of Great Britain

      C the United Kingdom of British Isles

      D the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

      __2__The National Health Service in Britain offers a full package of medical service to ___

      A the unemployed B every resident

      C citizens under the age of 16 D residents aged over 60

      __3__was known for his famous speech “I have a dream”

      A John F.Kennedy B Martin Luther King.Jr

      C Abraham Lincoln D Thomas Jefferson

      __4__The year the colonization of Australia started is

      A 1768 B 1778 C1788 D1798

      __5__is NOT looked upon as one of the features of Renaissance.A Praise of man’s endeavor to have his soul delivered

      B Exaltation of man’s search for happiness in life

      C Endurance of man’s foibles

      D Cultivation of the genuine flavor of ancient culture

      __6__ is regarded as the most meaningful intellectual movement of the Renaissance.A The Italian revival B The Reformation CGeographical expansion D Humanism

      __7__Milton’s Paradise Lost was based on__

      A Roman myth B the Bible C Greek myth D Shakespeare’s plays

      __8__The study of the way in which sound symbols are arranged to form words is ___

      A psycholinguistics B historical literature C morphology D semantics

      __9__Which of the following is a CORRECT definition of a phone?

      A it is a phonological unit B It is a speech sound

      C it is an abstract sound feature D it is an actual realization of a phoneme

      __10__refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and simple grammatics rules, used as a medium of communication.A Creole B Lingua franca C Dialect D Pidgin

      Keys:1-5DBBCA

      6-10 DBCBD

      《失樂(lè)園》寫(xiě)于 1667 年,是彌爾頓最杰出的詩(shī)篇,全詩(shī)長(zhǎng)約一萬(wàn)行,分 十二卷,故事取自《圣約·舊約》。詩(shī)人彌爾頓(Milton)經(jīng)常在其詩(shī)歌中引用希臘羅馬神話(huà),如《失樂(lè)園》(盡管《失樂(lè)園》取材于圣經(jīng),但其中引用了大量神話(huà)典故)。

      敘述人類(lèi)始祖夏娃和亞當(dāng)因受撒旦引誘,偷吃知識(shí)樹(shù)上的禁里,違背了上帝旨令,被逐出樂(lè)園。詩(shī)人寫(xiě)這首詩(shī)的目的 在于說(shuō)明人類(lèi)不幸的根源。他認(rèn)為人類(lèi)由于理性不強(qiáng),意志薄弱,經(jīng)不起外界的影響和引誘,因而感情沖動(dòng),走錯(cuò)道路,喪失了樂(lè)園;夏娃的墮落是由 于盲目求知,妄想成神;亞當(dāng)?shù)膲櫬涫怯捎谀鐞?ài)妻子,感情用事;撒旦的墮 落是由于野心勃勃,驕傲自滿(mǎn)。詩(shī)人通過(guò)他們的遭遇,暗示英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革 命也由于道德墮落,驕奢淫逸而慘遭失敗。

      第四篇:專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)匯總_自我總結(jié)版

      第一章

      英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概括

      第一節(jié) 英國(guó)概括 Ⅰ 地理

      有四個(gè)部分組成 great Britain(England,Wales,Scotland)and northern Ireland Ⅱ 地理特征 最短的海峽 strait of Dover 多佛海峽 England the pennies 英格蘭 最主要的山脈

      Scotland three natural zone :the highlands central lowlands the southern uplands,首都是Edinburgh,river Clyde 克萊德河是最重要的河流,3 Wales Cardiff 最大的城市和首府 northern Ireland

      Belfast 英國(guó)最大的湖是 內(nèi)伊湖(Lough Neagh)5 Rivers and lakes 最長(zhǎng)的是 Severn river(賽文河),第二長(zhǎng)和最重要的是 泰晤士河,(Thames river),典型的海洋性氣候(maritime climate)

      Ⅲ 人口 60million,英國(guó)人是 Anglo-Saxons,蘇格蘭人 hospitable and generous,Wales are emotional and cheerful people,北愛(ài)爾蘭 的官方語(yǔ)言是愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ),其次才是英語(yǔ)ethic groups 倫敦是最大的少數(shù)名族聚居區(qū) Ⅳ History: first settlers are Lberians(伊利比亞人)1066(Norman conquer)1215(大憲章)1337—1453(英法百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))1381(農(nóng)民起義)1458(玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),1350-1650(Renaissance)1642-1646(first civil war),1658(the restoration 王朝復(fù)辟)1688(the glorious revolution)

      教育 實(shí)行的是5-16歲都必須前去學(xué)習(xí)Ⅵ Religion

      Established churches分為 the Church of England(official church,英國(guó)君主必須是這個(gè)教的成員主教和大主教由monarch 指定)and the Church of Scotland(Presbyterian,長(zhǎng)老教會(huì))

      Unestablished churches: the Anglican churches 英國(guó)圣公會(huì),the free churches 自由教,the roman catholic church 天主教 Ⅶ

      主要節(jié)日

      Christmas day December 25th

      Easter 復(fù)活節(jié)(主要的天主教節(jié)日)whit Sunday(圣靈降臨節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)后的第7個(gè)周日)Gay Fawkes day(蓋伊??怂怪?,11月5日,燃放煙火的節(jié)日)

      sports,足球是最受歡迎的(職業(yè)足球從August 到 May),最典型的英國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)是cricket,板球)網(wǎng)球(annual Wimbledon fortnight

      Arts 博物館(the British museum,the national history museum.the national army museum ,the national gallery)

      Music(甲殼蟲(chóng)樂(lè)隊(duì),the Beatles ,first national music day was held in 1992,the most famous music festival is the Edinburgh international festival of music and drama

      media(BBC ,daily Express Daily mail daily mirror , daily star ,financial times ,the Guardian, the times(泰晤士報(bào))the observer(the first Sunday newspaper)Ⅺ

      Political

      constitutional monarchy,沒(méi)有憲法,全靠慣例,parliament(the house of lord and the house of commons,任期為五年)political party :labor party(Whigs 輝格黨)and conservative party(Tories 托利黨)第二節(jié) 美國(guó)概括

      yellow National park(大平原地帶),大峽谷(the grand canvon ,in Arizona ,phoenix is the largest city in the intermountain region ,the largest commercial city(san Francisco, also the second largest city in California)

      Alaska and Hawaii(Alaska 居住著Inuits,also called Eskimos)

      Hawaii(Mauna Loa,莫納羅亞山,the world’s largest active volcano,盛產(chǎn) sugar cane and pineapple,首府是Honolulu)Ⅲ

      地理特征 兩大主要山脈是,Appalachian mountains and rocky mountains,2 the Mississippi river(greatest continental rivers,American Ruhr),Ohio river(俄亥俄河)the great lakes:lake Michigan(唯一一個(gè)在美國(guó)境內(nèi)),lake superior(世界上最大的淡水湖),the lake Huron(休倫湖)lake Erie(伊利湖)and lake Ontario(安大略湖)Ⅳ

      history

      1620,201 pilgrim,mayflower,1774(September, first continental congress), on April 19 ,1775(,the second continental congress),1776(declaration of independence), in September 1783,(英國(guó)承認(rèn)其獨(dú)立,簽署?;饏f(xié)議),1789(established federal government),1812(和英國(guó)開(kāi)戰(zhàn),認(rèn)識(shí)到強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)邦政府的重要)1861-1865(civil war),gilded age(鍍金時(shí)代,國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到20世紀(jì)初),1949(north Atlantic treaty),1950s(civil rights movement)1950-1975(the Vietnam war),1972(Watergate scandal)1972(訪華),1979(中美建交)Ⅴ

      American political 美國(guó)憲法是世界上最早的成文憲法,(1789討論成立,國(guó)會(huì)兩院,三分之二以上贊成便可以對(duì)憲法進(jìn)行修改。)政黨(democratic and republican party)Ⅵ

      economy :

      federal reserve system(coin money), wheat is American’s most important food crop, cotton is a leading commercial crop in south , greatest user and producer of tobacco , second export of rice after Thailand Ⅶ

      education :6-16

      festival;Christmas(December 25),martin Luther king’s day(the third Monday in January),Lincoln’s day(February 12)George Washington’s birthday(the third Monday in February),Easter Sunday(a Sunday between march 22 and April 25)independence day(July 4), Halloween(October 31),thanksgiving day(the fourth Thursday in November)Ⅸ

      重要城市

      New York(largest city,big apple,five boroughs :Manhattan,Brooklyn,queens,the Bronx and the Staten island)

      Boston(largest and vibrant city in new England,with the greatest concentration of colleges and universities)

      Los Angeles(the pacific coast’s largest and busiest commercial city with the second largest population,Hollywood)

      New Oreleans is the second busiest port in the united states after New York , 5

      Chicago(has the world’s best collection of modern architecture,sears Tower)6

      San Francisco(crazy city,the world’s largest gay communities)7

      Atlanta(1996 Olympic games,the home of martin Luther king,the headquarters of CNN and coca-cola)

      Salk lake city(salty water,so many Mormons ,摩門(mén)教徒)第三節(jié) 加拿大概況(1931,正式獨(dú)立

      60%的人口集中在Quebec city and the western end of lake Ontario,both French and English is the official language。

      兩條主要的河流是:Mackenzie(longest)and ST.Lawrence(most important river)Capital is Ottawa in Ontario,Quebec is the largest province,Vancouver is British Columbia’s largest city,and also is the largest cargo port)Quebec has the western hemisphere’s largest deposits of asbestos(石棉),Canada has become the largest exporter of fish,the oldest university is Laval university(拉瓦勒大學(xué))the largest is the university of Toronto(多倫多大學(xué))第四節(jié) 澳大利亞 Divided into three region

      the great western plateau,西部高原,the eastern highlands 東部高地(the great barrier reef 大堡礁,Murray river as the longest river)

      the central eastern lowlands 中東部低地 kangaroos and emus(the largest native desert animal 3 Anzac day(澳新軍團(tuán),April 25)is the most important holiday。4 world’s largest exporter of wool,coal 5 political:Parliament(the lower house and upper house)party(the Australia labor party,the liberal party of Australia)media:the age(世紀(jì)報(bào))the Australia financial review(金融評(píng)論報(bào))

      第五節(jié) the others1(New Zealand)1 Wellington as the capital,Auckland as the largest city, kiwi as the symbol,Lake taupe as the largest lake,Clutha the longest in S,Waikato庫(kù)魯薩河 and Wanganui 旺格努伊河river in N)2

      largest exporter of lamb and mutton and dairy products

      第二章 英美文學(xué)

      第一節(jié) 英國(guó)文學(xué)

      中古英國(guó)文學(xué)(449-1066)

      general introduction :8世紀(jì)(Anglo-Saxon prose)Venerable Bede and Alfred the great,15世紀(jì)(English ballads),Thomas Malory important literary terms:old English(language spoken by Anglo-Saxon),Romance 3

      important writers and literary works:

      Beowulf(oldest poem and most important specimen of Anglo-Saxon literature)

      Religious poets :Caedmon(first known religious poet of England,the father of English song)Cynewulf(the Christ as most characteristic)

      Prose writers:venerable Bede and Alfred the great

      The romance :sir Gawain and the green knight

      The age of Chaucer:14 century called ‘a(chǎn)ge of Chaucer’,Chaucer(the father of English poetry and English fiction,the Canterbury tales)and Langland(朗蘭)were the most important writers in that age

      Thomas Malory(Morte d’ Arthur,亞瑟王之死)Ⅱ

      文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期文學(xué) 1

      general introduction,起源于意大利,維多利亞時(shí)代發(fā)展最快,代表是戲劇,lyrical poetry,這個(gè)時(shí)代的英國(guó)被稱(chēng)為‘a(chǎn) nest of singing birds’

      important terms:Spenserian stanza(斯賓塞詩(shī)體)euphuism(夸飾文體)3 important writers and literary works: 1 English poets: Thomas Wyatt(懷亞特most interesting poet of the first half of 16世紀(jì),第一個(gè)將sonnet 帶進(jìn)英國(guó)文學(xué))

      Henry Howard

      sir Philip Sidney(飛利浦西德尼爵士)

      Edmund spenser(埃蒙德斯賓塞,the poet’s poet,faerie Queen,仙后)2 English prose:

      Thomas more(托馬斯莫爾,Utopia 烏托邦)

      John lyly(約翰黎里,give rise to the term “euphuism” Francis bacon(弗朗西斯培根,the trumpeter of a new age,first essayist,most famous essay as of studies,of love and of beauty)

      English drama;Christopher Marlowe(克里斯弗洛馬洛,莎士比亞前最偉大的戲劇家,代表作有,the tragic history of doctor Faustus,浮士德博士的悲劇,第一個(gè)在戲劇中運(yùn)用 blank verse)

      William Shakespeare(one of the founders of realism)除了著名的有:as you like it 皆大歡喜,the twelfth night 第十二夜, 4 Ben Johnson :most famous dramatist,代表作是 【Volpone(狐貍)】 Ⅲ

      17世紀(jì)文學(xué) John Donne 約翰多恩:the founder of the metaphysical school,【a valedictorian:forbidding mourning 臨別辭:莫悲傷】 George Herbert:(saint of metaphysical school)3

      John Milton: greatest writer of 17 century【paradise lost】【paradise regained】【Samson Agonistes 力士參孫】

      John Bunyan 約翰班楊【the pilgrim’s progress 天路歷程】

      John Dryden 約翰德萊頓: greatest poet between Milton and Pope,established the

      heroic couplet,英雄史詩(shī)式兩行詩(shī)

      18世紀(jì)文學(xué)(主流是realism,neo-classicism 獲得了加速發(fā)展,enlightenment)1

      Neo-classicism:重要作家

      Alexander Pope(蒲柏):representative writer of neo-classicism,18世紀(jì)早期被稱(chēng)為‘a(chǎn)ge

      of pope’【an essay on criticism論批評(píng)】【the rape of the lock 奪發(fā)記】【essay on man 論人類(lèi)】

      Richard steele and Joseph Addison:【the tattler 閑談?wù)邎?bào)】【the spectator 旁觀者報(bào)】 Samuel Johnson:著書(shū)最多,死后葬在威斯敏特大教堂,著名的有【the dictionary of English language 英語(yǔ)字典】【the lives of English poets 詩(shī)人傳】 English novelists(有兩股學(xué)派: realist novelist and sentimentalist)1

      Realist novelist Daniel defoe :丹尼爾笛福,father of English and European novels【Robinson Crusoe】 Jonathan Swift :born in Dublin,【a modest proposal 一個(gè)小小的建議】【Gulliver’s

      travel】 Henry fielding 亨利菲爾?。籫reatest novelist in 18 century【the history of Tom Jones,a foundling】

      Tobias George Smollett 托利比亞 斯魔萊特 喬治 2

      Sentimentalist

      Samuel Richardson

      Lawrence Sterne :勞倫斯 斯特恩,【life and opinions of Tristram Shandy 項(xiàng)狄傳】 Oliver goldsmith 奧利弗戈德斯密斯【the deserted village 荒村】【the vicar of Wakefield 威克菲爾德的牧師】

      poetry of the pre-romanticism and sentimentalism

      James Thomson,蘇格蘭詩(shī)人,【season】前浪漫主義第一首出名的詩(shī)歌

      Edward Young William Collins 【ode to evening 晚頌】

      Thomas Gray

      【elegy written in a country churchyard 墓園挽歌】 William Blake 【songs of innocence其中最著名的是the lamb】【songs of experience 其中著名的有 tiger,London,the chimney-sweeper掃煙囪的孩子】

      Robert Burns; the greatest songwriter in the world【a red,red rose 紅紅的玫瑰】【auld Lang sweeper 舊日美好時(shí)光】

      English drama in 18 century John Gay 【the beggar’s opera 乞丐歌劇】,繼承了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在歌劇寫(xiě)作中 Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德布林斯里謝麗丹【the rivals 情敵】【the school for scandal 造謠學(xué)?!?/p>

      浪漫主義文學(xué)

      抒情歌謠集的出版標(biāo)志著浪漫主義的出現(xiàn),同時(shí)女小說(shuō)家也開(kāi)始出現(xiàn),最出名的歷史小說(shuō)家是Walter Scott,lamb is the best essayist in this age。2

      第一代浪漫主義詩(shī)人:

      William Wordsworth:桂冠詩(shī)人,第一代浪漫詩(shī)人的代表,他在lyrical ballads中出名的有【lines composed a few miles above Tintern abbey 丁燈寺旁】【lines in early spring 早春】【I wondered lonely as a cloud 我似流云天自流】【the solitary reaper 孤獨(dú)的割麥女】【最著名的長(zhǎng)詩(shī)是the prelude 序曲】

      Samuel Taylor Coleridge :【the rime of the ancient mariner 古舟子詠】【Kubla khan 忽必

      烈汗】【 Christabel 克里斯特貝爾】 第二代浪漫詩(shī)人:

      George Gordon Byron;收到英國(guó)工人的喜愛(ài),【she walks in beauty 她走在美的光影中】

      【when we two parted 昔日依依別】【Hebrew melodies希伯來(lái)歌曲】【chide Harold’s pilgrimage 恰爾德哈羅爾德游記】【Don Juan 唐璜 代表作】

      Percy Bysshe Shelley; 【Prometheus’s unbound 解放了的普羅米修斯】【ode to the west

      wind 西風(fēng)頌】【to a skylark 云雀頌】

      John Keats: 死的時(shí)候只有26歲【ode to a nightingale 夜鶯頌】【ode on a Grecian urn 希

      臘古翁頌】【ode to autumn 秋頌】名言是“beauty is truth,truth is beauty” 浪漫主義時(shí)期的prose(代表人物是 Charles lamb)

      Charles lamb;被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)最好的通俗essayist,作品幽默特點(diǎn)突出【tales from Shakespeare 莎士比亞故事集】【old china 古舊的瓷器】 William Hazlitt ;【the character of Shakespeare’s play 莎士比亞戲劇中的人物】【lectures on the dramatic literature of the age of Queen Elizabeth 伊麗莎白時(shí)期的戲劇】【lectures on English poets 英國(guó)詩(shī)人】essays 有【my first acquaintance with poets 我和詩(shī)人的第一次接觸】【on going a journey 論出游】 浪漫主義時(shí)期的fiction Walter Scott; 他的寫(xiě)作生涯標(biāo)志著小說(shuō)從浪漫主義到現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的過(guò)渡【W(wǎng)averley 威弗利】在蘇格蘭最出名的是【Rob Roy 羅布羅伊】,在英格蘭出名的是【Ivanhoe 艾凡赫】

      Jane Austen

      【pride and prejudice】【sense and sensibility理智與情感】【Emma 愛(ài)瑪】 Ⅵ

      維多利亞時(shí)期的文學(xué) 出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的流派—critical realism 批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義,這個(gè)時(shí)期最好的小說(shuō)家是Charles dickens,重要的詩(shī)人有Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning,and his wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning,重要的prose writers 有Thomas Carlyle and Matthew Arnold。2 批判主義小說(shuō)家 Charles dickens:【Pickwick papers匹克威客外傳】【Oliver twist霧都孤兒】【the old

      curiosity shop 老古玩店】 【Dombey and son 董貝父子】【David Copperfield 大衛(wèi)科波菲爾】【great expectations 遠(yuǎn)大前程】【a tale of two city 雙城記】

      William Makepeace Thackeray:

      威廉梅克匹斯薩克雷【vanity fair 名利場(chǎng)】 The Bronte sisters:

      Charlotte Bronte 【Jane Eyre 簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)】

      Emily Bronte【W(wǎng)uthering heights 呼嘯山莊】 Anne Bronte 【Agnes Grey 艾格尼絲格雷】

      Mrs.Gaskell;【life of Charles dickens】代表作【Mary Barton 】 George Eliot:

      【Adam Bede 亞當(dāng)比德】【the mill on the floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊】【Silas Marner 織工馬南】

      Thomas hardy :【德伯家的苔絲】【Jude the obscure 無(wú)名的裘德】【the return of native 還鄉(xiāng)】【far from the madding crowd 遠(yuǎn)離塵囂】【the mayor of Casterbridge 卡特橋市長(zhǎng)】

      Samuel Butler 【the way of all fresh 眾生之路】 3

      維多利亞時(shí)代的詩(shī)歌

      Alfred Tennyson: poet laureate,這個(gè)時(shí)期最偉大的詩(shī)人【the princess】【Maud 莫德】

      短詩(shī)【break!break!break!拍案曲】

      Robert Browning:【men and women 男男女女】【my last Duches 我的前公爵夫人】【meeting at night 夜間相會(huì)】 維多利亞時(shí)代的散文家

      Thomas Carlyle 【the French revolution】

      John Ruskin

      【modern painters近代畫(huà)家】【the seven lamps of architecture 建筑的七盞明燈】【unto this last 給那后來(lái)的】【sesame and lilies 芝麻與百合】

      Matthew Arnold: 【Dover beach】 5 working class literature in 19 century Ernest Jones偉大的憲章派詩(shī)人(chartist poets)William Morris:first socialist writer 6 19世紀(jì)末的文**流

      Naturalism:Emile Zola(法國(guó)作家)George Gissing(代表人物)New-Romanticism:Stevenson(蘇格蘭作家)Aestheticism:

      Decadence:頹廢派文藝,口號(hào)是“art for art’s sake” 重要作家有:Oscar wild,唯美主義代表者,【the picture of Dorian grey 多利安格雷的肖像】【happy Prince快樂(lè)王子】

      現(xiàn)代時(shí)期英國(guó)文學(xué)

      short lyrics became popular,著名的有James joyce(注重挖掘人內(nèi)心的感情)2

      重要作家:

      John Galsworthy:1932年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的獲得者,代表作是【the Forsyte saga 福特賽家史】,包括3部小說(shuō)和 2部interlude:【the man of property有財(cái)產(chǎn)的人,這部作品標(biāo)志著作者現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作品的頂點(diǎn)】【the Indian summer of a forsyte,interlude】【in chancery 騎虎難下】【awakening,interlude】【to let 出讓】

      Bernard Shaw:

      【man and superman 人與超人】【mayor Barbara 芭芭拉少?!俊緋ygmalion 茶花女,又名皮革馬麗翁】

      William Butler Yeats:1923年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者,愛(ài)爾蘭人【sailing to Byzantine 駛向拜占庭】【the second coming 基督再臨】【leda and the sun 麗達(dá)及天鵝】

      T.S Eliot

      【the waste land】【four quartets 四重四重奏】

      David Herbert Lawrence

      【lady Chatterley’s lover 查特來(lái)夫人的情人】【the rainbow 虹】

      【sons and lovers 兒子與情人】【women in love 戀愛(ài)中的女人】

      James Joyce:詹姆斯喬伊斯,愛(ài)爾蘭作家,【a portrait of artist as a young man 一個(gè)年輕藝術(shù)

      家的肖像】【Ulysses 尤利西斯】【Finnegan’s wake 芬尼根守靈夜】【Dubliners 都柏林人】,同時(shí)他也是founder of stream of consciousness。

      Virginia Woolf(女作家):【Mrs Dalloway 黛洛維夫人】【to the lighthouse 到燈塔去】【the waves 波浪】【a room of one’s own自己的房間】【three guineas 三個(gè)基尼】

      Robert Tressell(羅波特屈賽爾):【the ragged trousered philanthropists 穿著破褲子的慈善家】 William Golding: 【the lord of the flies 蠅王】 John James Osborne: 奧斯本,【look back in anger 憤怒的回顧】 Samuel bechett: 【waiting of Godot 等待戈多】

      第二節(jié) 美國(guó)文學(xué)常識(shí)

      殖民地時(shí)期的美國(guó)文學(xué)

      1608 captain John Smith(first American writer,【a true relation of such。。。】【a map of Virginia】【with a description of the country】

      Bradford【the history of Plymouth plantation】Winthrop 【the history of new England】 Roger William【a key into the language of America】【a help to the language of the natives in that part of America called new England】

      早期美國(guó)作家(這個(gè)時(shí)期的主要文學(xué)流派是自然神論【deism】)重要作家有:Benjamin Franklin 【poor Richard’s almanac】【autobiography】 Philip Freneau【美國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父】:【the wild honey suckle 野生的寒冬】【to the memory of the brave Americans 紀(jì)念英勇的美國(guó)人】【general Nathaniel Greene】 Thomas Jefferson【the declaration of independence】

      浪漫主義文學(xué)(兩大文學(xué)派別是transcendentalism and free verse 自由詩(shī)體)

      前浪漫主義時(shí)期的作家

      1 Washington Irving(作家,第一個(gè)寫(xiě)短篇小說(shuō),散文的美國(guó)作家,同時(shí)也是第一個(gè)

      得到國(guó)際知名的美國(guó)作家,因此在美國(guó)的文學(xué)歷史上占有重要的地位,作品帶有典型的美式幽默):【the sketch of book 見(jiàn)聞札記】【Rip Van Winkle 瑞普;凡;溫克爾】【the legend of sleep hollow 睡谷的傳說(shuō)】 William Cullen Bryant(詩(shī)人,威廉科倫布萊恩特,nature was the chief theme of Bryant’

      s works):【to a waterfowl 致水鳥(niǎo)】【the yellow violet 黃色的謹(jǐn)香花】【Homer’s Iliad 伊利亞特】【odyssey 奧德賽】

      James Fennimore cooper(庫(kù)柏,小說(shuō)家)【leather stocking tales 皮襪子故事集】【the last

      of the Mohicans 最后的莫希干人】

      后浪漫主義時(shí)期的作家 Ralph Waldo Emerson愛(ài)默生 思想家,最杰出的美國(guó)散文家,詩(shī)人,【nature 論自然】 2 Walt Whitman(沃爾特,惠特曼):第一個(gè)運(yùn)用free verse 的美國(guó)詩(shī)人)【leaves of grass

      草葉集,song of myself 自我之歌 最著名的詩(shī)】 Nathaniel Hawthorne:美國(guó)小說(shuō)家,寫(xiě)作對(duì)象往往是人類(lèi)的心靈

      【the scarlet letter 紅字】【the house of the seven gables 帶有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子】 Henry Wadsworth Langfellow;朗費(fèi)羅,美國(guó)詩(shī)人【Evangeline 伊萬(wàn)杰林】【song of

      Hiawatha 海華沙之歌】翻譯【Dante’s divine comedy 但丁的神曲】【a psalm of life 生命頌】 Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加愛(ài)倫坡:第一個(gè)美國(guó)職業(yè)作家,世界上第一個(gè)偵探小說(shuō)作

      家,【to Helen 致海倫】【the Raven 烏鴉】【anabel lee 】【the fall of the house of usher】 Harriet Beecher Stowe,哈里特比徹斯托,美國(guó)女作家【uncle Tom’ cabin】

      Emily Dickinson,埃米利迪金森,美國(guó)女詩(shī)人【because I could not stop for death 因?yàn)槲也荒艿却郎瘛俊綢’m nobody,who are you 我是無(wú)名小卒,你是誰(shuí)?】 Henry david Thoreau,亨利大衛(wèi)梭羅,美國(guó)作家【W(wǎng)alden 瓦爾登湖】【life in the wood 林中生活】

      現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)(文學(xué)流派是naturalism,鍍金一代)1 Mark Twain:【the adventures of Tom Sawyer 湯姆索耶歷險(xiǎn)記】【the adventures of huckleberry finn 哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記】【life on the Mississippi 密西西比河上】【the prince and the pauper 王子與貧兒】 Stephen Crane斯蒂芬克萊恩:【the red badge of courage 紅色英勇勛章,a landmark in

      American literary naturalism】

      Theodore Dreiser 西奧多德萊塞,美國(guó)小說(shuō)家【sister carrie 嘉莉妹妹。第一部小說(shuō)】

      【an American tragedy 美國(guó)悲劇】【trilogy of desire 欲望三部曲,分別是the financier 金融家,the titan 巨人,the stoic 斯多葛】 Henry James,美國(guó)小說(shuō)家,【the American 美國(guó)人】【the portrait of lady 貴婦人的畫(huà)像】【the wings of the dove 鴿翼】【the Golden bowl 金碗】

      Herman Melville 赫爾曼梅爾維爾 【moby dick 白鯨】 6

      Jack London 【the call of the wild】【love of life 熱愛(ài)生命】【Martin Eden 馬丁伊登】 7

      Edwin Arlington Robinson 埃德溫 羅賓遜,美國(guó)詩(shī)人【the town down the river】【the man against the sky】

      現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)(迷茫的一代,文學(xué)流派是modernism)

      1 Ernest Hemingway,1953年普利策獎(jiǎng),1954年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者【the sun also rises

      太陽(yáng)照常升起】【a farewell to arms 永別了,武器】【for whom the bell tolls 喪鐘為誰(shuí)為鳴】【the old man and the sea老人與海】

      Ezra pound 艾茲拉龐德【cantos 詩(shī)章】【in a metro station 地鐵站中】 3

      Francis Scott Fitzgerald 【the great Gatsby 了不起的蓋茨比】【tender is the night 夜

      色溫柔】

      Robert frost 羅伯特 弗羅斯特,美國(guó)詩(shī)人【a boy’s wish 少年的意志】【north of Boston 波士頓以北】詩(shī)有:【mending wall 修墻】【stopping by the woods on a snowy evening 雪夜林邊停】【the road not taken 未選之路】【desert places 荒蕪地帶】

      William Faulkner 威廉??思{:【the sound and the fury 喧嘩與騷動(dòng)】【as I lay dying

      在我彌留之際】【light in August 八月之光】【Abslom,Abslom,押沙龍,押沙龍】

      Willa Cather,維拉 凱瑟,美國(guó)女作家【my Antonia 我的安東尼亞】 7

      Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德 安德森,【W(wǎng)inesburg,Ohio 俄亥俄州的溫斯堡】【death

      in the woods 林中之死】【the triumph of the egg 雞蛋的勝利】

      Sinclair Lewis 辛克萊 劉易斯 【main street 大街】【Babbitt 巴比特】 9

      Eugene O’neil 尤金 奧尼爾 美國(guó)戲劇家,【the hairy ape 毛猿】【desire under the elms

      榆樹(shù)下的欲望】【the Iceman cometh 賣(mài)冰的人來(lái)了】 John Steinbeck 約翰 斯坦貝克 【the grapes of wrath 憤怒的葡萄】 Ⅵ

      1945年以后的美國(guó)文學(xué) Ralph Ellison 拉爾夫 埃里森,當(dāng)代黑人作家【invisible man 看不見(jiàn)的人】 Saul bellow 索爾貝簍,1976年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)【the adventures of Augie March 奧吉瑪琪歷險(xiǎn)記】【seize the day 勿失良機(jī)】【the dangling man 搖擺不定的人】 Flanery O’connor 弗蘭納里奧康納美國(guó)女作家【a good man is hard to find 好人男尋】 4

      John Updike 約翰 厄普代克 【rabbit,run 兔子,跑吧】【rabbit redux 兔子歸來(lái)】【rabbit is rich 兔子富了】【rabbit at rest 兔子安息】

      William Carlos Williams 【the yachts 游艇】【Paterson 帕特森】【the red wheel barrow

      紅色手推車(chē)】 Tennessee Williams 田納西 威廉斯【the glass menagerie 玻璃動(dòng)物園】【a streetcar

      named desire 欲望號(hào)街車(chē)】【cat on a hot tin roof 熱鐵皮屋頂上的貓】 Arthur Miller 美國(guó)劇作家,【death of a salesman 推銷(xiāo)員之死】 8 Edward Albee 愛(ài)德華 阿爾比【the zoo story 動(dòng)物園的故事】【who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf 誰(shuí)怕維吉利亞 伍爾夫】 J.D Salinger 【the catcher in the rye 麥田守望者】 Allen Ginsberg 艾倫 金斯堡,美國(guó)詩(shī)人【howl 嚎叫】 11 Jack Kerouac 杰克 克魯亞克 【on the road 在路上】

      第五篇:專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)模擬題打印版

      專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)模擬題(5)The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____.A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson

      C William Penn D Benjamin FranklinThe New Deal was started by _____.A Franklin Roosevelt B J.K.Kennedy

      C George Washington D Thomas JeffersonThe United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land areas.A second B third C fourth D fifthErnest Hemingway is _____.A Englishman B American C Dutch D DenmarkncvJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy is _____ president.A 35th B 34th C 33rd D 32nd_____ is the dividing line between the South and North.A The Hudson River B The Potomac River

      C The Ohio River D The Missouri RiverncvWhen did the American Civil War break out?

      A 1775 B 1812 C 1861 D 1863Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?

      A John Adams B Thomas Jefferson C Benjamin Franklin D John HancockIn which day is Halloween celebrated?

      A 5 November B 31 October C 17 March D 25 DecemberThe seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.A according to their population

      B according to their size

      C according to their tax paid to federal government

      D equally

      專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)模擬題(5)答案C, 華盛頓、杰弗遜和弗蘭克林都是美國(guó)創(chuàng)建時(shí)的元老功勛、而William Penn 是美國(guó)賓州的創(chuàng)始人。2 A, 新政是羅斯福為了應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條而提出的。C, 就面積而言,美國(guó)是世界第四大國(guó)。B,文壇巨匠海明威是美國(guó)人。A,肯尼迪是美國(guó)的第35任總統(tǒng)。D,美國(guó)南北的分界線是密蘇里河,東西的分界線是密西西比河。C,美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1861年,結(jié)束于1865年。B,為美國(guó)起草獨(dú)立宣言的是托馬斯?杰弗遜。B,萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31號(hào)。D, 美國(guó)每一個(gè)州在參議院中均有兩位議員作為代表,與各州人口無(wú)關(guān)和眾議院不同)。

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