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      專八作文

      時(shí)間:2019-05-14 11:48:39下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《專八作文》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《專八作文》。

      第一篇:專八作文

      【51Test.NET專業(yè)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)八級(jí)考試滿分作文】

      Ambition

      Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision.It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life.Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated.This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice.Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission.And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness.Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome.John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full.Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials.Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano.A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller.It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction.If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others.Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whattever evil means, finally turned him into a demon.It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering.Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland.However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan.Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.A poet says: life can be bad;life can be good;life can be dirty;life can be sad,;life can even be painful.In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition.開篇模板1【51Test.NET專業(yè)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)八級(jí)考試】 這篇關(guān)于英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試翻譯技巧講解,是無憂考網(wǎng)特地為大家整理的,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!

      英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異,因此在進(jìn)行英漢互譯時(shí)必然會(huì)遇到很多困難,需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導(dǎo)。常用的翻譯技巧有增譯法、省譯法、轉(zhuǎn)換法、拆句法、合并法、正譯法、反譯法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重組法和綜合法等。這些技巧不但可以運(yùn)用于筆譯之中,也可以運(yùn)用于口譯過程中,而且應(yīng)該用得更加熟練,因?yàn)榭谧g工作的特點(diǎn)決定了譯員沒有更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行思考。

      1增譯法:

      指根據(jù)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式,在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語(yǔ)無主句較多,而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ),所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無主句的時(shí)候,除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無主句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯以外,一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ),使句子完整。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語(yǔ)中代詞使用頻率較高,凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時(shí),必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此,在漢譯英時(shí)需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞,而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語(yǔ)詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來表示,而漢語(yǔ)則往往通過上下文和語(yǔ)序來表示這種關(guān)系。因此,在漢譯英時(shí)常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語(yǔ)句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外,在漢譯英時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語(yǔ)和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語(yǔ),以確保譯文意思的完整??傊?,通過增譯,一是保證譯文語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整,二是保證譯文意思的明確。

      如:

      (1)What about calling him right away?

      馬上給他打個(gè)電話,你覺得如何?(增譯主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ))

      (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.

      要是我能看到四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好?。。ㄔ鲎g主句)

      (3)Indeed,the reverse is true

      實(shí)際情況恰好相反。(增譯名詞)

      (4)

      Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.

      就是法西斯國(guó)家本國(guó)的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。(增譯物主代詞)

      (5)While the magistrates were free to burn down house,the common people were forbidden to light lamps.

      只許州官放火,不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。

      (增譯連詞)

      (6)這是我們兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。

      This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)

      (7)在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域,中國(guó)反對(duì)以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。

      In the field of human rights,China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語(yǔ))

      (8)三個(gè)臭皮匠,合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。

      Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯注釋性詞語(yǔ))

      2.省譯法:

      這是與增譯法相對(duì)應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法,即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞,以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。

      又如:

      (1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.

      你在北京訪問期間就住在這家飯店里。(省譯物主代詞)

      (2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

      希望您在這兒過得愉快。(省譯物主代詞)

      (3)中國(guó)政府歷來重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。

      The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省譯名詞)

      3. 轉(zhuǎn)換法:

      指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對(duì)原句中的詞類、句型和語(yǔ)態(tài)等進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體的說,就是在詞性方面,把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞;把動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語(yǔ)。在句子成分方面,把主語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);把謂語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);把定語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ);把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)。在句型方面,把并列句變成復(fù)合句,把復(fù)合句變成并列句,把狀語(yǔ)從句變成定語(yǔ)從句。在語(yǔ)態(tài)方面,可以把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

      (1)我們學(xué)院受教委和市政府的雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

      Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)

      (2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.

      孩子們看電視過多會(huì)大大地?fù)p壞視力。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)

      (3)由于我們實(shí)行了改革開放政策,我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力有了明顯的增強(qiáng)。

      Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy,our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)

      (4)I’m all for you opinion.

      我完全贊成你的意見。(介詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)

      (5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.

      改革開放政策受到了全中國(guó)人民的擁護(hù)。(動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)

      (6)In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.

      作者在文章中,對(duì)人類疏忽自身環(huán)境作了批評(píng)。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)

      (7)In some of the European countries,the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.

      在有些歐洲國(guó)家里,人民享受最廣泛的社會(huì)福利,如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

      (8)時(shí)間不早了,我們回去吧!

      We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)

      (9)學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該德、智、體全面發(fā)展。

      All the students should develop morally,intellectually and physically.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞)

      4. 拆句法和合并法:

      這是兩種相對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個(gè)較短、較簡(jiǎn)單的句子,通常用于英譯漢;合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,一般用于漢譯英。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散,因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多;英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合,結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密,因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句;而英譯漢時(shí)又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主體的連接處,以及意群結(jié)束處將長(zhǎng)句切斷,譯成漢語(yǔ)分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序,順譯全句,順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。如:

      (1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.

      同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作,符合美國(guó)的利益。(在主謂連接處拆譯)

      (2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

      我要感謝你們無與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。(在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)

      (3)This is paarticularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account

      英聯(lián)邦各國(guó)尤其如此,它們認(rèn)為英國(guó)加入歐共體,將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。(在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)

      (4)中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó),百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè),但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一,其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。

      China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture,but only one tenth of the land is farmland,the rest being mountains,forests and places for urban and other uses.(合譯)

      5.正譯法和反譯法:

      這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英,偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯,是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果,但反譯往往更符合英語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此比較地道。如:

      (1)在美國(guó),人人都能買到槍。

      In the United States,everyone can buy a gun.(正譯)

      In the United States,guns are available to everyone.(反譯)

      (2)你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。

      You can obtain this information on the Internet.(正譯)

      This information is accessible/available on the Internet.(反譯)

      (3)他突然想到了一個(gè)新主意。

      Suddenly he had a new idea.(正譯)

      He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正譯)

      A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.(反譯)

      (4)他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。

      He still could not understand me.(正譯)

      Still he failed to understand me.(反譯)

      (5)無論如何,她算不上一位思維敏捷的學(xué)生。

      She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正譯)

      She is anything but a bright student.(反譯)

      (6)Please withhold the document for the time being.

      請(qǐng)暫時(shí)扣下這份文件。(正譯)

      請(qǐng)暫時(shí)不要發(fā)這份文件。(反譯)

      6.倒置法:

      在漢語(yǔ)中,定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前;在英語(yǔ)中,許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后,因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢,即對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前后調(diào)換,按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置,原則是使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。如:

      (1)At this moment,through the wonder of telecommunications,more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

      此時(shí)此刻,通過現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡,看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個(gè)世界歷史上任何其他這樣的場(chǎng)合都要多。(部分倒置)

      (2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

      我堅(jiān)信,英國(guó)依然應(yīng)該是歐共體中的一個(gè)積極的和充滿活力的成員,這是符合我國(guó)人民利益的。(部分倒置)

      (3)改革開放以來,中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

      Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.

      寫作要點(diǎn) 1.審題

      在寫作考試中要寫出符合題目要求,高質(zhì)量的作文,第一步是審題。所謂審題,就是通過閱讀寫作題目及相關(guān)信息或要求,正確領(lǐng)會(huì)題目的含義,了解題目要求,為構(gòu)思合乎具體寫作要求的文章框架打下基礎(chǔ)。

      數(shù)年來八級(jí)寫作項(xiàng)目已形成自身的特色。這個(gè)特色就是,該項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)的幾個(gè)部分(觀點(diǎn)、情景、標(biāo)題、寫作要求)具有內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系,從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。因此,審題就意味著不是僅僅瀏覽一個(gè)標(biāo)題,而是要兼顧其它部分。只有這樣,學(xué)生才能真正明確寫作目的,領(lǐng)會(huì)寫作要求。

      以1997年的八級(jí)考試寫作項(xiàng)目為例。該年的標(biāo)題是 SOWING THE SEEDS,NURTURING GROWTH ANDHARVESTING THEREWARDS。如果我們孤立地看題目的話,就很難領(lǐng)會(huì)該篇作文的具體要求和目的。但是,一旦我們把標(biāo)題與前面的情景與觀點(diǎn)部分聯(lián)系起來,這個(gè)標(biāo)題的含義就變得清晰了:它要求學(xué)生用標(biāo)題所含的耕作過程來比擬獲得大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)成就的過程。同時(shí),對(duì)具體語(yǔ)篇模式的要求(即ANALOGY)也顯示在這部分中間。至于對(duì)作文修辭框架的要求,則出現(xiàn)在標(biāo)題下面的一段文字中。

      總而言之,提高審題的準(zhǔn)確性有利于學(xué)生理解題目含義,了解寫作要求,進(jìn)而有針對(duì)性地構(gòu)思作文內(nèi)容、布局等。然而,在歷年寫作閱卷中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),審題有誤仍是學(xué)生經(jīng)常犯的錯(cuò)誤之一。歸納起來有以下幾點(diǎn):

      1)不熟悉八級(jí)寫作的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn),以為只看標(biāo)題即可著手寫作。這常常導(dǎo)致在文章內(nèi)容上出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重偏差。

      2)對(duì)情景觀點(diǎn)部分的理解一知半解,未經(jīng)仔細(xì)斟酌就提筆寫作文。這往往會(huì)造成學(xué)生采用錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)篇模式。

      3)忽略寫作項(xiàng)目中對(duì)作文修辭框架的提示。這容易使得作文思路或結(jié)構(gòu)混亂或失衡。

      2.行文的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性

      一篇優(yōu)秀的作文應(yīng)該具有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。就八級(jí)寫作項(xiàng)目而言,這主要體現(xiàn)在作文的內(nèi)容和框架上。按照寫作要求,一篇合格的作文由三個(gè)部分組成。第一部分包括作者的論點(diǎn)(THE SISSTATEMENT)。論點(diǎn)應(yīng)明確、清楚。第二部分是作文的主體。這部分的要求是通過恰當(dāng)、合適的語(yǔ)篇模式(如:CAUSE ANDEFFECT,COMPARISON ANDCONTRAST,等等)來論證前面提出的論點(diǎn)。論證的過程要做到結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明、合乎邏輯。要做到結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),就需要學(xué)生在寫作中抓住中心,并圍繞中心展開討論。結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)淖魑耐瑫r(shí)也應(yīng)是層次分明的作文。為了使論證過程具有說服力,作文應(yīng)采用一種層次結(jié)構(gòu)。

      所謂層次結(jié)構(gòu)指構(gòu)成語(yǔ)篇的句子或者各段之間在邏輯意義上存在著一種主從關(guān)系,它們或者是解釋關(guān)系,或者是因果關(guān)系,或者是總分關(guān)系。書卷語(yǔ)體通常屬于這類結(jié)構(gòu),即一個(gè)語(yǔ)篇往往由不同層次的語(yǔ)段構(gòu)成。此外,作文應(yīng)有邏輯性,文中觀點(diǎn)的闡述要合乎情理,觀點(diǎn)之間的銜接要自然、順暢。第三部分為作文的結(jié)尾。一篇思想內(nèi)容完整的作文離不開一個(gè)好的結(jié)尾。一般來說,結(jié)尾部分的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為前面部分的總結(jié)。因此,這部分應(yīng)與前面部分保持論點(diǎn)上的一致性和統(tǒng)一性。結(jié)尾部分忌諱的是牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴,前后沒有連貫性,因而破壞作文的完整性。

      3.語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范性和準(zhǔn)確性

      作文的思想內(nèi)容都必須通過語(yǔ)言形式來表達(dá)。八級(jí)作文要求語(yǔ)言得體、通順,無重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。如果作文句不成句,用詞不當(dāng),語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤連篇,就很難將作者的意圖表達(dá)清楚。

      但是,歷年來的寫作項(xiàng)目反映出學(xué)生在作文的統(tǒng)一性、連貫性和語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范性方面還普遍存在一些問題。概括起來有以下幾點(diǎn):

      l)作文中的論點(diǎn)未展開。這主要表現(xiàn)為沒有按照要求在第一部分中闡明觀點(diǎn),而是東拉西扯,寫了與題目有關(guān)或無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)或現(xiàn)象。比如在以 INSUPPORT OF DORMITORYPOLICIES為題的作文中,一些學(xué)生不是開門見山地點(diǎn)明主題思想,而是列舉了一些寢室里的情況或評(píng)論一些不良現(xiàn)象。最后由于篇幅有限,就在結(jié)束時(shí)提一句寢室制度就草草收尾。

      2)作文結(jié)構(gòu)不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),段落沒有主題句,且句際段落關(guān)系不明顯。這種現(xiàn)象在考生的作文中中帶有一定的普遍性。有些學(xué)生在寫作時(shí)沒有理清思路,按照一定的邏輯框架寫,而是想到什么就寫什么,因此文章顯得松散。

      3)作文首尾不一致。作文開頭與結(jié)尾部分內(nèi)容銜接不上,或自相矛盾。

      4)作文缺乏連貫性(COHERENCE)。在對(duì)歷年考生作文的分析中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以下幾個(gè)現(xiàn)象:A.差的作文中簡(jiǎn)單句多,而好的作文中則少;

      B.差的作文中從句和連詞出現(xiàn)的頻率大大低于好的作文;

      C.差的作文中各種照應(yīng)的使用低于好的作文;

      D.差的作文中關(guān)鍵詞和同義/近義詞出現(xiàn)的頻率低于好的作文。

      以上部分簡(jiǎn)單地討論了八級(jí)寫作項(xiàng)目的要求、預(yù)期達(dá)到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及學(xué)生作文中反映出來的一些帶有共性的問題。在結(jié)束之前,我們就如何提高寫作能力談幾點(diǎn)看法:

      1、寫作能力的培養(yǎng)要從最基本的做起,一步一個(gè)腳印,扎實(shí)地進(jìn)行基本功訓(xùn)練。

      2、就八級(jí)寫作項(xiàng)目而言,要提高駕馭文章整體思路的能力就要加強(qiáng)邏輯思維訓(xùn)練,通過各類寫作手法的操練來提高這方面的能力。此外,要提高語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性,學(xué)會(huì)使用各種語(yǔ)篇紐帶,如 LOGICAL、GRAMMATICAL、SEMANTICCONNECTORS,使作文思路清晰,論點(diǎn)鮮明,例證充分,語(yǔ)言得體,真正達(dá)到寫作的要求。

      英譯漢注意的問題

      【51Test.NET-專業(yè)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)八級(jí)考試】

      一、不合習(xí)慣的說法

      不同的民族有不同的習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方法。一句話,一個(gè)詞,在一個(gè)國(guó)家表達(dá)的是好意,引起人們好的聯(lián)想和情感,在另一個(gè)國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)的可能是壞意,引起人們不好的聯(lián)想和情感。如果翻譯不注意,就有可能引起誤解或不快。而如果我們注意這些差異,在譯文中加以運(yùn)用,就可以收到較好的效果。在翻譯不涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等重要問題,只涉及生活習(xí)慣、日常用語(yǔ)時(shí),可以更靈活些,按照譯入語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣說法表達(dá)意思。

      1、見面問候

      中國(guó)人見面時(shí)喜歡問:吃過了嗎? Have you had breakfast(lunch, supper)?到哪去?Where areyougoing?這都不是外國(guó)人在見面問候時(shí)會(huì)問的問題。如果見面就問外國(guó)人“到哪里”,人家會(huì)以為你要了解人家的私事,對(duì)你會(huì)產(chǎn)生反感。外國(guó)人喜歡問:“你好嗎?”這句話可以有不少表達(dá)方法,如How are you? How do you do ?How have you been doing?Hello!Hey!等。用哪一句來表達(dá)你的問候,取決于你與被問候人的關(guān)系密切程度??傊@一類的問候語(yǔ),直譯可能會(huì)讓人感到莫名其妙,還是按外國(guó)人的習(xí)慣翻譯較好。

      2、對(duì)病人的問候

      中國(guó)人喜歡對(duì)病人深表同情。但外國(guó)人則輕易不愿表現(xiàn)出其弱的一面,對(duì)他們表達(dá)過分同情的話未必會(huì)收到好的效果。例如:中國(guó)人在聽說一個(gè)人生病后可能會(huì)說:得知貴體欠佳,深感不安和關(guān)切。直譯:I was rather disturbed by and concerned about yourillness.但這樣翻譯會(huì)使感到病情很重,只能加重病人的顧慮,達(dá)不到安慰病人的目的。按照英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,可譯為:I am sorry tohear about your illness and wish you a speedyrecovery.這樣翻譯既表達(dá)了講話者的難過心情,又表達(dá)了希望病人盡快康復(fù)的愿望。

      3、對(duì)待他人的表?yè)P(yáng)和感謝

      在受到表?yè)P(yáng)或感謝時(shí),中國(guó)人往往比較謙虛,會(huì)說:“這沒什么?!薄斑@是我應(yīng)該做的?!被蛘撸澳睦?,哪里,我還做得很差。”如果直譯:It isnothing.This is my duty.This is what I should do.Well, I have notdone very well.There is still much to beimproved.所有這些謙恭的話,在外國(guó)人聽起來,都會(huì)顯得做作。西方人通常會(huì)說:It’s my pleasure.Thank you for your kind words.I feel flattered.翻譯這些話時(shí),宜根據(jù)西方的習(xí)慣來譯。

      4、迎接外賓時(shí)

      中國(guó)人迎接遠(yuǎn)道而來的客人時(shí)常常會(huì)說:“一路上辛苦了。累不累?”You must have been tired after thelongflight(journey)而外國(guó)人喜歡在別人面前顯得年輕、有朝氣,不喜歡被人認(rèn)為體弱,或有疲勞感。因此,上述問候話直譯效果不好,可譯成:How was the flight? Have you had a pleasant flight?或者You have had along flight.二、不夠委婉的語(yǔ)氣

      有時(shí)有人講話比較直率、唐突,直譯可能會(huì)使人感到不太客氣,甚至?xí)ФY。譯員應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)委婉說法,在翻譯時(shí)把握好語(yǔ)氣。但為外交斗爭(zhēng)需要而使用針鋒相對(duì)的語(yǔ)言除外。

      例1 中國(guó)可作為貴國(guó)資源性產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng),同時(shí)中國(guó)的許多工業(yè)產(chǎn)品可滿足貴國(guó)市場(chǎng)的需要。

      直譯:Your resource-based products can find a stable market in China andChinese industrial products can meet the needs of yourmarket.這么直譯也許會(huì)讓人擔(dān)心,以為我們的工業(yè)品要去占領(lǐng)他們的市場(chǎng)。同樣的意思可以翻得更客氣一些。如:You may find astable market in China for your primary products and may also get anumber of industrial products from China to meet some of your needs.例2 我想向大家介紹一下你們所關(guān)心的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。

      直譯:I wish to talk on China’s economic development in which you are interested.這樣翻譯,顯得講話者太肯定聽眾會(huì)對(duì)他所講內(nèi)容感興趣。盡管講話者知道聽眾是有興趣的,但說得客氣氣一點(diǎn)效果更好??勺g為:I would liketo brief you on China’s economic development, which might be ofinterest to you.另外,我們打交道的人大多是上層人士,我們必須學(xué)會(huì)使用禮貌文雅的語(yǔ)言,否則,會(huì)產(chǎn)生距離、反感,從而失去朋友,有損我形象。

      1974年,加拿大“白求恩紀(jì)念委員會(huì)”訪華代表團(tuán)中有一位團(tuán)員對(duì)我接待官員說,我方翻譯像警察,原因是那天早晨,翻譯到他房間對(duì)他說: Youhave breakfast at 8, get your luggage downstairs at 8:30 and leave herefor the airport at 9.OK?語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單、生硬、不禮貌,給外賓留下了不好的印象。建議對(duì)外賓說:Breakfast is at8.Would you please get your luggage downstairs at 8:30?we are going toleave here for the airport at 9.曾有一位女翻譯招呼外賓時(shí),大聲喊叫“Hello”而不知道說:“Excuse me”,在宣布事情時(shí)總是:Attentionplease.而不是說:Ladies and Gentlemen, may I have your attentionplease.結(jié)果一位外賓對(duì)此感到不快,說:I don’t want to talk to that wildgirl.要人幫忙時(shí),我們時(shí)常會(huì)說:你能告訴我到×××地方怎么走嗎?你能說英語(yǔ)嗎?等。如果英文譯成:Can you tell me howto get to……?Can you speakEnglish?那將是很不客氣的問話。對(duì)方會(huì)以為你懷疑他的能力。因?yàn)橛⑽淖謈an表示能力。如果改為could,含義就不同了??梢宰g為:Couldyou please tell me how to get……? Do you speakEnglish?一個(gè)陌生人問你如何去某地時(shí),你很可能傳說:“最好坐公共汽車去?!比鐚⑦@句話譯為You’d better take abus,聽起來不夠禮貌。因?yàn)閅ou’d better……這個(gè)句型含有You have a duty to do something,或Youhave an obligation to…的意思。是一種命令語(yǔ)氣,常用于晚輩或下屬。因此,這樣翻譯不夠禮貌。這句話有許多客氣的表達(dá)方法。

      如:I suggest you take a bus.It might be better to take a bus.Perhaps you might like to take a bus.Why not take a bus?

      I think the best way is by bus.總之,我們翻譯工作者必須學(xué)會(huì)禮貌用語(yǔ),委婉表達(dá)法。中國(guó)駐悉尼總領(lǐng)事段津在談到對(duì)外往的溝通藝術(shù)時(shí)曾介紹了一些禮貌用語(yǔ)。如:在對(duì)別人的意見表示不同看法時(shí)可以說:

      I have to disagree with you, but I would think…或者Well, there’s apoint in what you said, but …對(duì)某件事表示不同意見時(shí),可以說:Would it not be betterif…請(qǐng)別人幫忙時(shí),可以說:Could you do me a favour, 或者Excuse me ,I have aproblem,…等等。在絕別人要求時(shí),可以說:I am afraid it doesn’t work.或者I wonder whetherit will work, but I’ll try my best.一些學(xué)識(shí)淵博、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的外交官非常善于使用委婉客氣的語(yǔ)氣來表達(dá)不同意見。譬如,一個(gè)外國(guó)代表團(tuán)在一次國(guó)際會(huì)議上,是這樣對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位侯選人的提名表示不同意見的。他說:

      “As an experienced Minister with a distinguished record of service,we are confident that he has all the attributes to be an outstandingpresident of this Conference…but I have to place before you some of thereservations that we have about this nomination.If I may, I will sharewith you some of our concerns.Such a presidency will be misread bythose outside the ILO as signaling that…”

      可以譯為:他是一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的部長(zhǎng),并做出了出色的成績(jī)。我們相信,他完全具有條件,可以成為一個(gè)杰出的會(huì)議主席。但是,我不是不陳述我們對(duì)于這一提名的保留意見。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向你們談?wù)勎覀兯P(guān)注的一些問題。這一主席的提名會(huì)被國(guó)際勞工組織以外的人誤解為發(fā)出一個(gè)……的信號(hào)?!边@位團(tuán)長(zhǎng)既清楚地表達(dá)了反對(duì)意見,但又講得非常委婉、客氣。這些表達(dá)方法很值得我們學(xué)習(xí)、借鑒。

      三、動(dòng)詞使用不當(dāng)

      英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往有其特定的用法。如不熟悉,就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。以下僅舉兩例來說明動(dòng)詞的不同形態(tài)、類型。

      例1 Welcome

      中文中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn),“歡迎某人做某事”的句子,按中文語(yǔ)序翻譯這樣的句子,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)中式英文。北京長(zhǎng)安街兩個(gè)大飯店門前大牌子上有兩條表示歡迎的大標(biāo)語(yǔ):“北京歡迎您”、“國(guó)際飯店歡迎您”。同時(shí)又用英語(yǔ)書寫了這兩條標(biāo)語(yǔ)的意思:

      Beijing Is Waiting for You(北京正等著您)和International Hotel WelcomesYou.中國(guó)民航贈(zèng)送的挎包上曾印有中、英文的歡迎詞:歡迎乘坐中國(guó)民航,Welcome you to flyCAAC.英語(yǔ)中的“歡迎”通常使用”welcome"這個(gè)詞。Welcome作動(dòng)詞時(shí)有兩種形式可用:動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+副詞短語(yǔ)。

      習(xí)慣上可以譯為welcome somebody to somewhere,或welcome to aplace.顯然上述譯法不符合這個(gè)英文詞的通常表達(dá)習(xí)慣。應(yīng)譯為:Welcome to Beijing, Welcome toInternational Hotel 和Welcome to fly CAAC。如要翻譯“歡迎貴國(guó)工商界人士到中國(guó)去投資”,不能譯為:Wewelcome people from the business community of your country to makeinvestment in China.可譯為:i)People from the business community here inthis country are welcome to make investment in China.或ii)We hope thatpeople from the business community here in this country will go andinvest in China.四、禁語(yǔ)的譯法

      任何社會(huì)都會(huì)有一些要求大家遵循的行為準(zhǔn)則。如:公共場(chǎng)合不準(zhǔn)吸煙、不準(zhǔn)亂扔果皮紙屑、不準(zhǔn)大聲喧嘩等。有些單位還根據(jù)本單位情況制定一些規(guī)則。如何翻譯禁語(yǔ)是需要注意的又一個(gè)重要問題。中文禁語(yǔ)比較嚴(yán)肅,用詞直截了當(dāng),以體現(xiàn)其法律效力。而外國(guó)人有時(shí)以比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的口吻表達(dá)同樣的意思。我們應(yīng)盡量以譯入語(yǔ)禁語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式來翻譯禁語(yǔ),并力求簡(jiǎn)潔。請(qǐng)比較下述兩例的兩種譯法,第一種譯法是我國(guó)一些地方標(biāo)出的譯文。第二種譯法是建議譯文。

      例1 禁止拍照

      Forbid photograph

      No Photos

      例2 禁止吸煙

      Forbid Smoking

      No Smoking或者Thank you for not smoking.

      第二篇:2012專八作文

      Be ware our favorite telephone

      Do you like phones? When college students are asked this question, and I suppose what they will answer.The recent survey about college student’s attitude toward phones aroused my interest.A result that what college students like phone most is that they can reach others and what they like least is that others can reach them is given by a professor.I am partially agree with the professor’s opinion as a college students and a member among the been surveygroup, what I like phone most is that I can reach others and what Ilike least is not others can reach me but it brings mepotential problems.In modern society, I can’t get by without my cell phone and I view it as a necessary tool to reach others.To begin with, I came to college and I am away from my families.Cell phones allow parental communication which can make me feel more secure.Besides, even if the crime rates are low, as a student I may find myself in situations where I feel unsafe.Phones allow me to all for help when I feel unsafe.Cell phones allow me to call for help when I feel I need an escort.In a real emergency, where I need medical attention, a cell phone could prove lifesaving, and it brings me a safe.what’s more telephones allow me to have an always –on connection to my social network.I can use short time and few words to reach others at any time.I like phones which really bring me great convenience.However, for me, what I like phone least is that it brings me potential problems.I waste lots of time on mobile phones, obsessing with the QQ zone, wrapping in the games, chatting with others and so on.These are the visible effects.I think others also have this problem.What’s worse, phone brings indifference and distance between us, and this invisible effect is more awful.when my friend sand I have no phones, we get together playing and talking, but now we talking little when we get together.Everyone has a small screen, and we prefer engraining in the virtual world rather than communicating with our friends sitting beside us.A group of people sit together and play without communication.How awful that was.It is telephone that reducing our communication and bringing a gap between us.I found the telephone is the real subtle poison which is destroying people’s relationship.but few of us has realized this.Most of us just see it’s advantages and college students are addicted into it.Beware our favorite phone which is destroying our relationship.As college students we need realizing this and using our phone properly.

      第三篇:專八作文諺語(yǔ)

      1.Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。(培根)

      2.Knowledge is the food of the soul.知識(shí)是心靈的食糧。(柏拉圖)

      3.Activity is the only road to knowledge.行動(dòng)是通往知識(shí)的唯一道路。(蕭伯納)

      4.Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.知識(shí)是寶庫(kù),而實(shí)踐是開啟寶庫(kù)的鑰匙。

      5.A free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books.一個(gè)自由的人除了從書本上獲取知識(shí)外還可以從許多特別的來源獲取知識(shí)。(杰斐遜)

      6.a little learning is a dangerous thing.學(xué)問淺薄,如履薄冰。(pope)

      7.a young idler, an old beggar.少壯不努力老大徒傷悲。8 there is no royal road to learning.學(xué)無談坦途。

      時(shí)事篇

      Currency market 匯市Death toll死亡數(shù)

      Diplomatic tie外交關(guān)系Economic recovery經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇

      Ethnic groups少數(shù)民族Global economy世界經(jīng)濟(jì) Hijack 劫機(jī)Nuclear weapon 核武器

      Open fire開火Peace-keeping force維和部隊(duì) Rioting and looting 暴動(dòng)和搶劫

      Weapon inspection武器核查

      United nations convention on the law of the sea 聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋公約法

      NATO North Atlantic treaty organization北大西洋公約組織 Document released by由。。發(fā)布的消息

      Educational circles教育界Financial quarters金融界方面 Authoritative information官方消息

      Foreign ministry spokesman外交部發(fā)言人

      Press spokesman新聞發(fā)言人

      Government official 政府官員

      Government statement政府聲明

      Authoritative sources權(quán)威人

      Diplomatic sources外交人士

      Highly-placed sources高層消息靈通人士

      Judicial circles司法界In-group sources圈內(nèi)人士 Military sources軍方人士Police sources警方人士 Reliable sources消息可靠人士

      The quarters concerned有關(guān)方面

      Unconfirmed report未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息

      Acting president代總統(tǒng)Administration party執(zhí)政黨 Advisory body顧問團(tuán)All-out ban全面禁止

      Blanket ballot全面選舉Censure vote不信任投票 Absolute majority絕對(duì)多數(shù)Abstain from voting棄權(quán) Appropriate authorities 有關(guān)當(dāng)局

      Conservative party保守黨

      Construction of a clean government廉政建設(shè)

      Crash program應(yīng)急計(jì)劃Criminal law刑法

      Crude oil原油Bubble economy泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)

      Cabinet re-shuffle內(nèi)閣改組Chartered plane包機(jī) China’s actual conditions中國(guó)國(guó)情Assembly hall會(huì)議廳 Peaceful co-existence和平共處Reciprocal visits互訪 Tenure of office任職期Knowledge economy知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) Accredited journalist特派記者Back alley news小道消息 Box花邊新聞Cover girl封面女郎

      PR man 公關(guān)先生International customs國(guó)際慣例The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)

      Active trade balance 順差A(yù)dverse trade balance逆差 Family plan 計(jì)劃生育Daily necessities日用品 After-sale service 售后服務(wù)Pseudo event 假新聞

      第四篇:專八作文

      Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an entirely new look.The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional非傳統(tǒng)的, super-futuristic未來主義的 buildings.This has triggered off different responses.Some appreciate of the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage.What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your essay you should state dearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.作文參考答案:

      The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design

      Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique characteristics.Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it.In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.<題目改寫>

      First, a city’s regional characteristics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its identity.In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the city’s landscapes.Without these landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel.Take Beijing for example.In the past few years, Beijing has been removing a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city.But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself.Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.<總分;舉例>

      Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainous area near Guiyang.We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich.Unconventional, super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input.Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the city’s original purpose of developing itself.Instead, if connections between a city’s culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.<總分;分析題目現(xiàn)狀>

      Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process.More haste, less speed.Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortcomings of futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.In conclusion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.A scientific city design should be dependent on the city’s regional characteristics, on a case-by-case basis.Maybe We Have a Better Idea

      Few things can add as much colors to the regional features of a city as the look of its CBD.Hence, we know Manhattan of Big Apple, Pudong of Shanghai.Indeed, they are the most typical sights projecting a skyline of a modern city.However, should a CBD in the world look all like? Who told us it should solely be made up of unconventional, super-futuristic buildings? And should they stand out from their surroundings? Answers to these questions are universally and unequivocally No.A CBD is not a detached but integral part of a city.To prevent it from being too extreme or monstrous, it supposedly goes with the general style of the rest parts of the city.In the past, we Chinese have learnt so many hard and painful lessons.We could have had a Beijing with more Chinese traditional characteristics, more valuable cultural heritage preserved and above all more integral and harmonious Tian An-men Square to present to the world.If our grand fathers had been more willing to listen to the advice of some personages, mankind could have known another Paris of a totally different style in the world.Secondly, with more and more mortals being aware of the value of eco-friendliness, those unconventional, super-futuristic buildings made especially of steel, concrete structures and other eco-unfriendly materials are being increasingly questioned, suspected and forsaken.A China southern city like GY should, perhaps, model its CBD on that of Davos rather than New York or Shanghai.Instead of erecting skyscrapers and towers, GY ought to make its CBD delicate and pleasing, offering bankers and businessmen from across the world comfortable and cozy offices.Finally, a trend that has caught on since some time ago is that regional is international.The world is world nowhere because of its unity and sameness but because of its diversity and variety.To add her own measure of colors to the world, CBD in GY should be local, regional and reflecting the distinctive features of the city.Just a look would give one familiar with her an intimacy “That’s GY all over!” The day when such a CBD is completed, she can be a resort of another sort riveting people all over the world doing business in the area while enjoying her beauty and warm comfort.Therefore, the municipal and city-developers ought to give it a serious thought before turning whatever foreign design company’s blue print to concrete and steel.Maybe we can come up with a better idea – a new type of CBD, eco-friendly, amiable and economical, might set a new precedent!

      No one can have failed to notice the fact that Chinese culture has become increasingly diversified in the past decades.This can be embodied by evidences in many fields, one of which is architecture.Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an entirely new look.The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.This has aroused a heated debate.Some approve of the bold innovation of the design while others claimed that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage.When asked of my opinion, I am inclined to agree with the former one, and I base my point of view on the following reasons.In the first place, an unconventional or exotic design is in accordance with the primary function of this area.As we are told, this lot of land is meant to be a “central business district”.As the name indicates, this area is intended for business, most possibly international business, which is imaginable in the context of the nation’s move of reform and opening-up to the outside world.Such being the case, an innovative and super-futuristic design of the areas is quite understandable, for it may demonstrate local people’s wish to embrace and integrate with other cultures around the world.More foreign investors might be attracted here, which is just the aim of this program.In the second place, allowing space for novel things is essential for the development of an area.The concept of ancient and modern or that of local and alien is relative.What seems ancient now used to be modern centuries ago;similarly, what looks exotic today might be deemed natural tomorrow.A person needs to accept new knowledge to grow and the same is true with an area or a country.While new things often meet with objections at first, they are mostly accepted and loved later.A number of examples can be listed, with the most striking ones being the art museum in Paris designed by Bei Luming, a Chinese architect, and the Opera House in Sydney, whose designer only received due respect years after his death.Admittedly, we should respect and treasure traditional and regional culture, inherit it and carry it on.However, preserving the old and traditional should not be the reason to refuse the new and modern.Bringing what has been discussed into conclusion, we may claim that it is understandable and acceptable for people in the above-mentioned area to adopt the foreign design.

      第五篇:專八經(jīng)驗(yàn)

      從2000年至今,本人已輔導(dǎo)八級(jí)五年了,過級(jí)率年年提高.其秘密無它,唯有忠告一句: 欲過專八, 需一 “心”兩 “用”也.所謂一 “心”, 指的是需要有一顆平常心,能夠坦然面對(duì)八級(jí)備考前所出現(xiàn)的種種情緒波動(dòng),如找工作受挫而萬念俱灰或是因?yàn)樽隽藘商装思?jí)模擬題感覺自己實(shí)在不行而想放棄等等.其實(shí),我們需明白一點(diǎn),考過專八不一定能證明你的英語(yǔ)水平有多么厲害, 考不過的話也不見得你的英語(yǔ)就很爛.明白了這一點(diǎn),我們就大可把心態(tài)放平常了,專心去備戰(zhàn),不以物喜,不以己悲, 一步一個(gè)腳印的把自己的備考計(jì)劃付之實(shí)踐.再看兩 “用”.首先是要謹(jǐn)慎使用好你目前所擁有的近五年的真題.所謂謹(jǐn)慎,是指在各項(xiàng)基本功沒練好之前不要盲目的做真題.所以,我們可以暫時(shí)把真題收起來,在每年一月底的最后一周開始使用.具體步驟如下:

      1.備戰(zhàn)專八具體分兩個(gè)階段: 第一, 是分項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練階段,時(shí)間可從大四上學(xué)期開始, 從聽力入手, 重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練你的記憶力和速記能力.我的培訓(xùn)方法是精聽20篇Note-taking 的文章, 每一次做完后可馬上核對(duì)答案,每做完五篇后可自行總結(jié)一次,看看自己是哪方面的詞匯沒有記錄下來.并把這五篇的答案歸納一下,發(fā)現(xiàn)專家出題的規(guī)律,到底哪類詞出的頻率比較高.認(rèn)真聽完這20篇文章并加以詳細(xì)總結(jié)需一個(gè)月的時(shí)間,可用參考書是上外, 南大等四所高校聯(lián)合編寫的八級(jí)水平測(cè)試指南的第七級(jí)和第八級(jí)這兩本書.聽力訓(xùn)練的第二階段是新聞聽力, 可從十二月底開始進(jìn)行, 因?yàn)橥ǔC磕昕嫉男侣劧际巧弦荒甑膰?guó)際大事.推薦的使用資料就是美國(guó)之音2005新聞聽力, 北京匯智時(shí)代出版, 共兩張光盤,兩本書.只需精聽這兩張MP3的所有內(nèi)容,基本可以把專八新聞一舉殲滅.你需要用的時(shí)間大概是半個(gè)月.另外,從2004年前,專八考試有了新的調(diào)整,最大的改變是時(shí)間從原來的上午加下午的考試變成只考一個(gè)上午,看起來難度有所降低,但我感覺難度反而有所加大了,因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)普通人的注意力很難集中達(dá)三個(gè)小時(shí)的。為了適應(yīng)這一變化,考生應(yīng)當(dāng)早做好準(zhǔn)備,也就是從每年國(guó)慶黃金周一結(jié)束起就可以開始進(jìn)行體能訓(xùn)練了,如堅(jiān)持每天下午長(zhǎng)跑或是原地跳繩五分鐘等。體能是保證你順利完成八級(jí)考試的基本要素,也能幫助你訓(xùn)練注意力,增強(qiáng)你的意志力,開始行動(dòng)吧!

      第二,在分項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練完成之后,可以開始做真題了,時(shí)間可以從大年初三開始,每三天做一套真題,嚴(yán)格按考試時(shí)間進(jìn)行自我測(cè)試,在測(cè)試后馬上核對(duì)答案,然后找出錯(cuò)的原因。接下來的兩天,不要急著做題,可以把做過的真題再拿出來看一遍,重點(diǎn)看Note-taking的tape scripts, 因?yàn)槊恳黄腘ote-taking的文章都很規(guī)范,層次分明,是絕好的寫作范文。反復(fù)閱讀能讓我們學(xué)到很多寫作的技巧,尤其是寫文章時(shí)過渡的技巧和展開論點(diǎn)的技巧。

      一心兩用的第二“用”是指妥善運(yùn)用好心理暗示的作用。我所說的心理暗示指的是在八級(jí)訓(xùn)練開始之前我會(huì)叫學(xué)生對(duì)照八級(jí)考試的每一項(xiàng)測(cè)試內(nèi)容制定出自己的奮斗目標(biāo),分為最低奮斗目標(biāo)和最高奮斗目標(biāo),即通過自己的努力后每項(xiàng)內(nèi)容大概能達(dá)到多少分。同時(shí)要求學(xué)生每次做題后都要檢測(cè)一下自己達(dá)標(biāo)了沒有,達(dá)到了自己的最低目標(biāo)還是最高目標(biāo)。心理暗示的作用是顯而易見的,它能充分調(diào)動(dòng)你的潛意識(shí),從而激發(fā)你的潛力,讓你時(shí)刻堅(jiān)定不移

      地朝既定目標(biāo)前進(jìn),不會(huì)輕易放棄。當(dāng)年我也是用這一招才取得了理想的成績(jī),成績(jī)單到手后我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己每一項(xiàng)的得分和自己設(shè)定的最高目標(biāo)幾乎完全一樣。實(shí)踐出真知,我能做到的你也一定能。Trust me, you can make it.攻略附錄

      下面談的是具體的復(fù)習(xí)步驟。相對(duì)其他測(cè)試來說,專八更專業(yè)、更能檢測(cè)出一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)基本功到底掌握得好還是不好。從我的個(gè)人體會(huì)來看,專八測(cè)試的最佳時(shí)間應(yīng)當(dāng)是安排在大三進(jìn)行。原因有二:第一,剛考完專四的考生狀態(tài)還在,應(yīng)當(dāng)趁熱打鐵,再努力一把就可以輕松地進(jìn)入專八的備戰(zhàn)狀態(tài);其二,大四的學(xué)生一要忙找工作,二要忙寫論文,極難抽出時(shí)間好好準(zhǔn)備專八的考試。這是題外話,暫且不提。

      專八是專四的延伸,更是專四的升華,需要比專四付出更多的努力和汗水。如果以為自己能輕松通過專四的考試那專八不過是小菜一碟那你就錯(cuò)了。相對(duì)專四來說,專八的難點(diǎn)有三:第一,聽力更難把握,每題都能聽懂,但很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)選出需要填的關(guān)鍵詞;第二,改錯(cuò)題更是難上加難,能碰巧答對(duì)三題已屬不易,做對(duì)五題的話可以請(qǐng)客吃飯了,想要超過五題絕對(duì)是難如上青天;最后,寫作,中國(guó)人的老大難問題。我們動(dòng)“口”還行,動(dòng)“手”就要命了。在有限的時(shí)間要寫出400字的英文實(shí)在是強(qiáng)人所難。英漢互譯也好不到哪去,我們暫且忽略不記吧。

      十年前,剛踏入大學(xué)校門的我在上聽力的第一節(jié)課時(shí)自尊心就遭到了嚴(yán)重打擊:整節(jié)課下來一頭霧水,不知所云。聽力不好是有原因的——初中到高中從來沒聽過英語(yǔ)磁帶。還好我這人有個(gè)不服輸?shù)男愿?,立馬發(fā)誓從哪跌倒就從哪站起來,于是開始了我的自我聽力特訓(xùn)??偨Y(jié)一下,聽力訓(xùn)練是分幾個(gè)階段的。最初的階段,我注意把聽力訓(xùn)練和詞匯量的提高結(jié)合了起來。具體的做法就是白天背單詞,每天背50個(gè)單詞(具體方法在以后的單詞攻略中有詳細(xì)的介紹);晚飯半小時(shí)后練聽力,每天堅(jiān)持聽半小時(shí)的VOA、BBC的新聞,雷打不動(dòng)。剛開始的時(shí)候,堅(jiān)持很不容易。因?yàn)閮芍苓^去了,收聽的內(nèi)容沒有一樣能聽懂,那種感覺是要命的,多次想把手中的收音機(jī)砸個(gè)粉碎。兩周過去了,聽新聞的時(shí)候有了“巨大”的突破,能聽懂個(gè)別冠詞和定冠詞了,還聽到了China這個(gè)詞,心底的喜悅難以描述,開心得不得了,飛快跑到書店買了一盒英語(yǔ)新聞的磁帶,打算乘勝追擊??墒锹犃诉@盤磁帶后,打擊更大了。買磁帶的時(shí)候我不懂“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)”和“特別英語(yǔ)”的區(qū)別,想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為當(dāng)然是先聽懂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的再聽特別的比較妥,其結(jié)果就是那Standard English讓我欲哭無淚。天啊,天底下竟然有這樣快速的“鳥語(yǔ)”,我該如何是好?。浚??

      打擊歸打擊,悲痛歸悲痛,傷心的我還是繼續(xù)我的聽力苦旅,每天半小時(shí)照聽不誤。直到有一天有個(gè)學(xué)長(zhǎng)笑著告訴我應(yīng)該先聽特別英語(yǔ)再聽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的。當(dāng)我重新跑回書店另買了一盤特別英語(yǔ)磁帶并馬上聽了之后,我的人生有了徹底改變,聽了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)速再聽特別的實(shí)在是妙不可言——每個(gè)單詞、每個(gè)句子、每個(gè)語(yǔ)調(diào)我都聽得清清楚楚,每一句話我都能基本翻譯出來。天下事有難易乎?為之,則難者亦易矣??上Ш镁安婚L(zhǎng),我的快樂還沒持續(xù)幾天,新的挑戰(zhàn)又出現(xiàn)了

      隨著聽力水平的有所提高,我逐漸意識(shí)到一個(gè)道理:聽懂一則新聞不算什么,真正的高手可以把聽到的東西聽寫出來,還能用自己的話復(fù)述出所聽到的東西。舉例說明一下,當(dāng)我在家看央九的新聞時(shí),我媽媽很喜歡問我剛才播放的新聞講的是什么內(nèi)容。每到這時(shí)我就會(huì)很尷尬:明明聽懂了,為什么不會(huì)表達(dá)出來呢?而且好像自己的記憶有問題,才播放的東西一下子全忘了。這樣的水平能算聽力好嗎?不光如此,我們的聽力訓(xùn)練也有誤區(qū):似乎非得在人

      為創(chuàng)造的異常安靜的情況下才可以進(jìn)行聽力訓(xùn)練,換了一個(gè)地方,一個(gè)稍微有點(diǎn)嘈雜的環(huán)境下我們的聽力又失靈了。因此,我調(diào)整了一下自己的策略,重新確定了自己的目標(biāo),并把自己理想中的聽力的最高水平反復(fù)描繪在腦子里:我認(rèn)為啊,聽力的最高水平應(yīng)該是達(dá)到這么一種狀態(tài),無論你是在吃飯、看報(bào)還是在床上躺著準(zhǔn)備睡覺了,只要英文的聲音依然存在,你都應(yīng)當(dāng)能象聽懂母語(yǔ)一樣的聽懂英語(yǔ)。就好比當(dāng)你在吃飯的時(shí)候家里的電視放的是新聞聯(lián)播,盡管你在吃飯,盡管你在和別人講話,但新聞里播放的中文還能時(shí)不時(shí)的進(jìn)入你的耳朵,你還能在無意識(shí)的狀態(tài)下不怎么費(fèi)勁的就能聽懂新聞的內(nèi)容,這才是我們要達(dá)到的狀態(tài)。真正的聽力就應(yīng)當(dāng)如此——在你最放松的情況下,在嘈雜的環(huán)境下你也能聽懂你在聽的任何語(yǔ)言。可是說來容易做起來真不簡(jiǎn)單啊,我完全做到這一點(diǎn)是到了工作后的第二年(將近五年的訓(xùn)練),那天發(fā)生的奇跡到現(xiàn)在我還歷歷在目.背單詞之我見

      讀大一的時(shí)候,我學(xué)英語(yǔ)下工夫最多的地方就是背誦單詞。憑著不怕苦不怕累的滿腔熱忱,到了大三的時(shí)候硬是把劉毅22,000的詞匯攻了下來。方法嘗試了不少,但到了最后的最后,總結(jié)出一大規(guī)律:根本沒什么最佳的背單詞的方法,也不需要什么所謂電子詞典之類的昂貴且無實(shí)際用處的工具來幫助你記憶單詞。解決單詞的唯一“出路”就在于“死記和硬背”加上“活學(xué)活用”。具體該如何操作呢?

      方法很簡(jiǎn)單,每晚臨睡前給自己制定好明天一整天需要背單詞的數(shù)量(個(gè)人可根據(jù)自己情況自行設(shè)定)并找好相應(yīng)的單詞(可根據(jù)自己的愛好從詞匯書里挑自己最感興趣的來記),找到單詞后,把它們抄在可隨身攜帶的小筆記本上,方便第二天可隨時(shí)拿出來背誦。每周以五天為一個(gè)周期,每逢周末可暫停兩天,作為鞏固和復(fù)習(xí)用,然后下周繼續(xù)。堅(jiān)持一個(gè)月,然后試著堅(jiān)持一年,保證讓你的詞匯量突飛猛進(jìn)。

      當(dāng)然,有時(shí)候記是記住了,但如果你不用它們的話它們還是會(huì)跟你說bye-bye的。所以我們一定要學(xué)以致用。每學(xué)一個(gè)單詞,我們不妨查看一下它在牛津英漢詞典里的例句,通過了解它的具體用法之后我們?cè)谌粘I钪惺褂脮r(shí)就底氣十足,得心應(yīng)手了。

      2010-06-09 12:20:09 丫頭片子(丟了一個(gè)人)

      1。詞匯用劉毅1萬就夠了。因?yàn)闊o論你背了多少,做到閱讀題還是有不懂的詞。所以還是別把太多時(shí)間花在背詞匯上,多做閱讀,然后找出里面的生詞,一個(gè)個(gè)解決掉。當(dāng)然,剛開始好多生詞,崩潰掉,但是到最后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),再怎么生也就那些詞。推薦星火100閱讀。

      2。預(yù)測(cè)題看個(gè)人情況。到后期可能就沒題目做了吧,但是不做心里又忐忑,所以預(yù)測(cè)題就派上用場(chǎng)了。沒多大用處,保持筆感罷了。

      3。人文強(qiáng)力推薦沖擊波。星火太多太混亂。我準(zhǔn)備專八一個(gè)月,人文也看了一個(gè)月,每天都會(huì)瞄瞄。雖然好多同學(xué)也都看沖擊波,出來后都抱怨人文太偏了,沒考到幾題。但是我卻是滿分。原因就是我把那本書邊邊角角都看,我覺得就都在里面。

      4。聽力。沖擊波有本是專門針對(duì)迷你聽的。不錯(cuò)。老師也推薦。

      5。翻譯。還是推薦沖擊波。整本都做完了。當(dāng)時(shí)也有復(fù)印同學(xué)的星火,但是做了一篇就做不下去了,不知道為什么。

      6。閱讀。第1。講過了 星火100閱讀。

      anyway,許多好同學(xué)平常就有積累,所以考試前根本不用做這么多針對(duì)專八的題目,但是

      像我這種臨時(shí)抱佛腳的人,認(rèn)認(rèn)真真的單項(xiàng)克服比較重要。

      ____________________________________________________________

      2010-06-09 12:53:00 逆水若寒

      1.詞匯我看的是劉毅詞匯10000

      2.人文我看的星火(今年的人文我全對(duì))

      3.改錯(cuò)看星火的 沖擊波的太難不現(xiàn)實(shí)

      4.聽力 這個(gè)仔細(xì)做真題就夠了 我做的星火感覺比真題簡(jiǎn)單,可以先拿它練練手

      5.作文考前一個(gè)月突擊下就行了

      6.翻譯 仔細(xì)推敲真題 有時(shí)間看看散文佳作108篇 星火的翻譯也可以拿來練練

      7.閱讀 這個(gè)我還真沒法指導(dǎo) 這個(gè)還沒發(fā)度量 今年的閱讀狂難平時(shí)多看看新聞報(bào)紙吧 ____________________________________________________________

      2010-06-11 16:40:57 哦也

      人文建議買星火的,我今年買的是沖擊波的,我同桌買星火的,可以建議相互看一下??荚囍改夏且槐臼且欢ㄒI的。

      而且要做上兩遍。

      聽力的,我買了星火的新聞聽力,還買了沖擊波的聽力填空,還有聽力(是套題)詞匯我也是用沖擊波的,沒有背多少,但是只是要養(yǎng)成每日背點(diǎn)單詞的習(xí)慣。

      閱讀,我先是做完了沖擊波的閱讀,很少,就十套,然后買了星火的100篇,這個(gè)沒有做完。因?yàn)楹笃诰豌@研真題了。

      寫作我沒有買書。翻譯買的是沖擊波的。

      我偏向于沖擊波,特別是聽力,因?yàn)槲铱紝K牡臅r(shí)候在上面發(fā)現(xiàn)了我聽過的原題,所以專八也買沖擊波的。

      其實(shí)書都是差不多的,關(guān)鍵是,買了回來要有去拼的意志力。

      好好加油吧

      ____________________________________________________________

      2010-06-17 13:31:09 卡卡是顆豆(move on)

      現(xiàn)在復(fù)習(xí)太早。不如多看點(diǎn)美劇,聽聽VOA練練聽力,結(jié)竟聽力是最不能速成的。單詞,六級(jí)的就夠。

      人文么大概考前兩個(gè)月翻來復(fù)去看個(gè)5遍差不多。我用的星火的。

      翻譯看看翻譯技巧句子翻得像人在說話就行。作文背點(diǎn)模版。

      閱讀么現(xiàn)在一天至少練一篇,最后一個(gè)月再掐時(shí)間做。

      反正我覺得人文是能靠死背的,這10分是要志在必得才行。聽力最最重要,也是最需要積累的。好好練。

      個(gè)人覺得真題一本吃透就行了。模擬卷難度太大沒有參考價(jià)值。

      但是現(xiàn)在專八的確是一年比一年難了,2010年的通過率好像全國(guó)也不高。

      反正不復(fù)習(xí)能過的人肯定平時(shí)也是下了苦功的,不要聽人家說什么裸考考過的這種,這種人害人。

      還是要好好看的。

      專八是春節(jié)后了。不要指望春節(jié)能看到什么書,系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)要春節(jié)前就完成,節(jié)后只能是鞏固加強(qiáng)了。

      ____________________________________________________________

      2010-07-06 22:59:55 cbmygz

      1。詞匯

      我買的星火,沒背完。據(jù)說雙環(huán)境挺好的。但是詞匯這個(gè)東西有沒背完不重要。重要的是反復(fù)反復(fù)到哪里算哪里

      2。真題是一定要買的,每天一套或者隔天一套。做真題崩潰了改做預(yù)測(cè)。話說,專八的預(yù)測(cè)比真題簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)時(shí)我做真題一天一場(chǎng)崩潰

      3。人文知識(shí)星火的,沖擊波。其實(shí)我兩本都有,都是學(xué)姐那里傳下來的。兩本配套看。

      4。聽力、翻譯、閱讀需要再單獨(dú)買書嗎?

      聽力我一向很好,大概美劇看多了。所以沒有單獨(dú)買。

      翻譯也是學(xué)姐那里傳下來的。

      閱讀買了沖擊波和星火 一本極簡(jiǎn)單一本及復(fù)雜。到現(xiàn)在就兩本各做了一份兩份躺在那里了。

      我復(fù)習(xí)專八基本上都是心理戰(zhàn)。每天上午做完真題開始崩潰。然后一番心理建設(shè)就吃午飯睡午覺了。醒來看看人文又晚飯了。接著看看這題又是一場(chǎng)崩潰,然后又一番心理建設(shè)又開始看單詞 然后困了就睡了 每天循環(huán) 大概十來天 就這樣。

      最后稀里糊涂過了 專四的時(shí)候裸考 過了 專八的時(shí)候倒是準(zhǔn)備了幾天

      但是心理那個(gè)一個(gè)七上八下啊 估分的時(shí)候四十多 考出來六十多

      二流學(xué)校不努力學(xué)習(xí)的人 沒啥好抱怨的現(xiàn)在出來找工作也沒啥優(yōu)勢(shì) 但缺了這個(gè)就算一個(gè)劣勢(shì)了

      --------------------------

      給樓主建議

      估計(jì)就是有空 泡圖書館 去自習(xí)教室 看點(diǎn)英文雜志 做點(diǎn)雜七雜八的練習(xí)

      堅(jiān)持看點(diǎn)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的美劇然后分析人家的句子 翻譯可能要早點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備 如果有心可以來個(gè)晨讀 born to win 跟星火專八作文 都蠻好的and 加油 這世界牛人多 咱不夠牛 但是也不能太弱了

      __________________________________________________________________

      2010-07-23 21:04:08 evangel(用七十碼的速度把青春撞上藍(lán)天)

      話說我覺得真沒必要去唄單詞,因人而異吧,但是人文死背是必須的??梢圆扇讉€(gè)同學(xué)互相問答得方式,記憶比較深刻。答題字一定要寫好。作文邏輯要清楚。翻譯呢每天中英各兩篇,作文一周兩篇。真題必須做,而且是掐時(shí)間做。聽力相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,沒問題的。大家加油 __________________________________________________________________

      2010-08-08 17:53:40 L小姐(Bazinga了~)

      其實(shí)在我剛考完專四發(fā)現(xiàn)險(xiǎn)過的時(shí)候,我曾經(jīng)痛下決心好好學(xué)習(xí)

      于是我買了一本沖擊波的題庫(kù)

      回來寢室人說,我們老師說沖擊波的書最爛了

      于是我就再?zèng)]看過

      到了考專八的時(shí)候已經(jīng)考過GT了,覺得專八是浮云

      考前想看看人文,但是太懶+談戀愛費(fèi)時(shí)間,于是啥都沒看~

      還是過了~~~~~~~~~~~

      我們寢室的都在看星火的吧好像是

      不幸的是掛了兩個(gè)~~~~~~~

      ___________________________________________________________________

      2010-08-13 20:12:57 momijy(mi~)

      個(gè)人覺得沒有非常必要專門買書背單詞,在閱讀、聽力中遇到一個(gè)就背一個(gè)

      另外,一定要多做幾套完整的題,從頭到尾,要計(jì)時(shí),多感受一哈現(xiàn)在的緊張感覺。

      人文的話,看一兩遍就行了,我買了本《星火》的,但是說實(shí)話我覺得用處不大,今年考的有些書上也沒有(當(dāng)然,不排除我自己看了書沒記?。?/p>

      最后,聽力提高很快,大家多做點(diǎn)聽力吧,肯定有用。

      ____________________________________________________________________

      2010-09-19 09:24:26 skylulu(恬淡虛無)

      建議多留幾套真題快考試的時(shí)候做,當(dāng)年做了很多模擬題,但和真題差距還是很大,苦于最開始就把真題做完了。

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