第一篇：2018年最新版人教版初中英語知識點匯總

初中英語知識點匯總 2018年最新版 初一年級（上）【知識梳理】 I.重點短語 1.Sit down 2.on duty 3.in English 4.have a seat 5.at home 6.look like 7.look at 8.have a look 9.come on 10.at work 11.at school 12.put on 13.look after 14.get up 15.go shopping

II.重要句型

1.help sb.do sth.2.What about…? 3.Let’s do sth.4.It’s time to do sth.5.It’s time for …

6.What’s…? It is…/ It’s… 7.Where is…? It’s….8.How old are you? I’m….9.What class are you in? I’m in….10.Welcome to….11.What’s …plus…? It’s….【名師講解】 1.in/on

12.I think…

13.Who’s this? This is….14.What can you see？ I can see….15.There is(are)….16.What colour is it(are they)? It’s(They’re)…

17.Whose …is this? It’s….18.What time is it? It’s….III.交際用語

1.Good morning, Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!

3.Nice to meet you.Nice to meet you, too.4.How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks.And you?

5.See you.See you later.6.Thank you!You’re welcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!

8.What’s your name? My name is ….9.Here you are.This way, please.10.Who’s on duty today? 11.Let’s do.12.Let me see.IV.重要語法

1.動詞be的用法；

2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4.冠詞的基本用法； 5.There be句型的用法。

在表示空間位置時，in表示在某個空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個物體的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree.樹上有只鳥。There is a picture on the wall.墻上有張圖。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時間、地點上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時間、地點上離講話人更遠一點的人和事，those時that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個盒子，我去看那邊的那個盒子。

I want this car, not that car.我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please.請把這些書拿到他房間去。This is mine;that’s yours.這個是我的，那個是你的。

These are apples;those are oranges.這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。

(2)在打電話的用語中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對方。例如： This is Mary speaking.Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰？ 3.There be/ have There be “有”，其確切含意為“某處或某時存在某人或某物?！逼浣Y(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點或時間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實際上是主語，be 動詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致，be動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時用are。例如：(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2)There is a doll in the box.那個盒子里有個娃娃。

(3)There are many apples on the tree.那樹上有許多蘋果。

總之，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的“有”。have表示“擁有，占有，具有”，即：某人有某物(sb.have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個兄弟，一個姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個房間。4.look/ see/ watch

(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強調(diào)看的動作，表示有意識地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對方注意。，如：

Look!The children are playing computer games.瞧！孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look!What’s that over there? 看！那邊那個是什么？

單獨使用是不及物動詞，如強調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語，如： He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。

(2)see強調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個動作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如：

What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？

Look at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動，強調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：

Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。4.put on/ / in

put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如： It’s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子，走了出去。

The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個婦女是John的媽媽。

5.house/ home/family house ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home: “家”，指一個人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方;Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午請到我家來。He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?.fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容詞表示“好”之意，但前三者既可作表語又可作定語，而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于：

(1)fine指物時表示的是質(zhì)量上的“精細(xì)”，形容人時表示的是“身體健康”，也 可以用來指“天氣晴朗”。例如：Your parents are very fine.你父母身體很健康。

That's a fine machine.那是一臺很好的機器It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好時候。

(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有“美好”，“漂亮”的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚別人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.見到你很高興。It's very nice of you.你真好。

(3)good形容人時指“品德好”，形容物時指“質(zhì)量好”，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如：Her son is a good student.她兒子是一個好學(xué)生。The red car is very good.那輛紅色小汽車很好。

(4)well只可用來形容人的“身體好”，但不能作定語，它也能用作副詞作狀語，多放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well.我的朋友們歌唱得好?！究键c掃描】

中考考點在本單元主要集中在：

1.動詞be的用法；

2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4.冠詞的基本用法； 5.There be句型的用法。

6.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型； 7.本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語。

考試形式可以是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。

初一年級（下）

9.do one’s homework 【知識梳理】

10.do the shopping I.重點短語

11.get down 1.a bottle of 12.get home 2.a little 13.get to 3.a lot(of)14.get up 4.all day 15.go shopping 5.be from 16.have a drink of 6.be over 17.have a look 7.come back 18.have breakfast 8.come from 19.have lunch

20.have supper 12.Do you want a go? 21.listen to 13.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.22.not…at all 14.Do you have a dictionary / any 23.put…away dictionaries? 24.take off Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.25.throw it like that 15.We / They have some CDs.26.would like We / They don’t have any CDs.27.in the middle of the day 16.---What day is it today / tomorrow? 28.in the morning / afternoon/ evening---It’s Monday.29.on a farm 17.---May I borrow your colour pens, please? 30.in a factory---Certainly.Here you are.18.---Where are you from?

---From Beijing.II.重要句型

19.What's your telephone number in New 1.Let sb.do sth.York? 2.Could sb.do sth.? 20.---Do you like hot dogs? 3.would like sth.---Yes, I do.(A little./ A lot./ Very much.)4.would like to do sth.---No, I don't.(I don't like them at all.)5.What about something to eat? 21.---What does your mother like? 6.How do you spell …?---She likes dumplings and vegetables very 7.May I borrow…? much.22.---When do you go to school every day?

---I go to school at 7:00 every day.III.交際用語

23.---What time does he go to bed in the 1.—Thanks very much!evening?

---He goes to bed at 10:00.—You're welcome.2.Put it/them away.3.What's wrong? IV.重要語法 4.I think so.I don't think so.5.I want to take some books to the classroom.1.人稱代詞的用法； 6.Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.2.祈使句； Please give it / them back tomorrow.OK.3.現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成和用法； 9.What's your favourite sport? 4．動詞have的用法； 10.Don't worry.5．一般現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成和用法； 11.I’m(not)good at basketball.6．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法

【名師講解】

1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right意為“對的”，表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對方的答案或判斷。例如：“I think we must help the old man.”“我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人?！?“That's right.”或 “You're right.”“說得對”。That’s all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”，用來回答對方的致謝或道歉。例如： “Many thanks.” “That's all right.”

“Sorry.It's broken.” “That's all right.” All right.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對方的建議或要求。有時還可以表示“身體很好”

“Please tell me about it.” “請把此事告訴我。” “All right.”“好吧。” Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎 2.make/do 這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個紙船嗎？ He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3.say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口語化的最普通的一個詞，意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說的話。如： “I want to go there by bus” , he said.他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去?！盤lease say it in English.請用英語說。speak : “說話”，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動詞(即后面不能直接接賓語)。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況？I don’t like to speak like this.我不喜歡這樣說話。

speak 作及物動詞解時，只能和某種語言等連用，表達在對話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語說得好。

talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說話的動作，而不著重所說的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動詞，不過，talk 暗示話是對某人說的，有較強的對話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it.我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。

tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語。如：He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。

tell a lie 撒謊

tell sb.to do sth./tell sb.not to do sth

如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4.do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚

從以上短語可引申出另一類短語，不能用some, much或定冠詞。

go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳 5.like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth.與like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來表示一次性和偶然性的動作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。

6.other/ others/ the other/ another other表其余的，別的，如：Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎? others 別的人，別的東西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國人,其他的是法國人。

the other表另一個（二者之中）one…，the other…如：One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個哥哥中的一個學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個學(xué)中文。

another表三者以上的另一個，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點書。7.in the tree/ on the tree

in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為“在樹上”但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵樹上有只鳥。8.some/ any

some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點需要注意。(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：

There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請求，邀請的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea? 9.tall/ high

(1)說人，動物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一個高個子婦女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個高大的馬

(2)說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時，飛機飛上天時，例如： He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在樹上。The plane is so high in the sky.飛機在空中這么高。

(3)指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。

(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10.can/ could(1)can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動作的“能力”。例如：

Can you ride a bike?你會騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you？要幫忙嗎？Can you make a cake？你會做蛋糕嗎？

(2)can用在否定句和疑問句中時有時表示說話人的“懷疑”“猜測”或不肯定。例如： Where can he be？他會在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個消息會是真的嗎？ It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點鐘了吧？

You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。

What can he mean？他會是什么意思？

在日常會話中，can可代替may表示“允許”，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時都可以來。

---Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？---Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3)could could 是 can的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問句中）。例如： The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時候她就會游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時我們以為所說的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時間的動作，但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如： Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？

Could you？在口語中表示請求對方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請你等半個小時好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點鐘請你再打電話好嗎？(4)can的形式

只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài)，有時也能

表示將來。所有其他時態(tài)（包括將來時）須用be able to加動詞不定式來表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒有能到北京來。11.look for/ find look for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強調(diào)“找”這一動作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：She can’t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12.be sleeping/ be asleep be sleeping 表示動作，意思是“正在睡覺”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。

如：---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們在房間里做什么？---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。

The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13.often/ usually/sometimes often 表示“經(jīng)?！保瑂ometimes表示“有時候”，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，常位于主要謂語動詞的前面，其他謂語動詞（be動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞）的后面，有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強語氣，則放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時，我睡覺很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。14.How much/ How many how much常用來詢問某一商品的價格，常見句式是How much is / are…? How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？ how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？

15.be good for/ be good to/ be good at be good for 表示“對……有好處”，而be bad for表示“對……有害”；be good to表示“對……友好”，而be bad to表示“對……不好”；be good at表示“擅長，在……方面做得好”，而be bad at表示“在……方面做得不好”。

如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對你的眼睛有好處。

Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對你的身體有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對我們所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.這個老板對他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長畫畫，但是我不擅長。16.each/ every each 和every都有“每一個”的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個體著眼，every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。如：We each have a new book.我們每人各有一本新書。There are trees on each side of the street.街的兩旁有樹。

He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every只能用作形容詞。如：Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個人都想做不同的事情。

17.一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在進行時

一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。

現(xiàn)在進行時常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look!They are cleaning the classroom.看！他們正在打掃教室呢。初二年級（上）【知識梳理】

I.重點短語

1.on time 2.best wishes 3.give a talk 4.for example 5.short for 6.a waste of time 7.go on a field trip 8.go fishing 9.I agree 10.next week 11.the day after tomorrow 12.have a picnic 13.have some problems doing sth.14.go the wrong way 15.hurry up 16.get together 17.in the open air 18.on Mid-Autumn Day 19.come over 20.have to 21.get home 22.agree with 23.in the country 24.in town 25.all the same 26.in front of 27.on the left/right side 28.next to 29.up and down 30.keep healthy 31.grow up 32.at the same time 33.the day before yesterday 35.last Saturday 36.half an hour ago 37.a moment ago 38.just now 39.by the way 40.all the time 41.at first

II.重要句型

1.have fun doing sth.2.Why don’t you…? 3.We’re going to do sth.4.start with sth.5.Why not…? 6.Are you going to…? 7.be friendly to sb.8.You’d better do sth.9.ask sb.for sth.10.say goodbye to sb.11.Good luck(with sb)!

III.交際用語

1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me.I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.3.It doesn’t matter.4.Happy Teachers’ Day!5.That’s a good idea.6.What are you going to do？ 7.Where are we going ? 8.What are we going to do ? 9.I’m good at…

10.It’s not far from… 25.Excuse me.Where’s the nearest post office, 11.Are you free tomorrow evening? please? 12.Would you and Lily like to come over to 26.It’s over there on the right.my home for Mid-Autumn Festival? 27.I’m sorry I don’t know.13.I’m glad you can come.28.You’d better… 14.Thanks for asking us.29.Thank you all the same.15.How about another one? 30.Which bus do I take? 16.May I have a taste? 31.Go along this road.17.Let me walk with you.32.What day was it yesterday? 18.What do you have to do? 33.I’m sorry to hear that.19.Do you live on a farm? 34.I hope you’re better now.20.Which do you like better, the city or the 35.Why did you call me? country? 36.I called to tell… 21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or

chickens? IV.重要語法 22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!1.be going to的用法； 23.---Let’s make it half past one.---OK.2.形容詞的比較級、最高級； 24.---Why not come a little earlier?---All 3.形容詞和副詞的比較 right.4.一般過去時 【名師講解】

1.on the street / in the street 表示“在街上”時，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美國多用on the street, 在英國多用in the street.例如：We have a house in the street.我們在街上有座房子。I met him on the street.我在街上遇見了他。2.would like / like

would like 和 like含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”，“愛好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。試比較： I like beer.=I’m fond of beer.我喜歡喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer.我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ 3.another / the other(1)another 通常用于三個或三個以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個人或 物體。例如： May I have another apple, please? 請在給我一個蘋果好嗎？

This coat is too small for me.Please show me another這件外套我穿太小，請再給我拿一件看看。

(2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個。例如：

He has two rulers.One is short.The other is long.他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長的。I have two brothers.One works in Xi’an.The other works in Beijing.我有兩個兄弟，一個在西安工作，另一個在北京工作。4.have to /must

(1)have to和 must 都可以用來談?wù)摿x務(wù)，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必須去做而又想去時，常用must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來自“外界”的義務(wù)，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking.我必須戒煙。（自己想戒煙）They have to work for the boss.他們不得不為那個老板工作。（條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳎?/p>

(2)have to 可用于多種時態(tài)，must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長時間地工作。(3)用于否定句時，mustn’t意思是“決不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相當(dāng)于needn’t。例如：You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。You don’t have to go there today.You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5.hear sb.or sth.doing sth./ herar sb.or sth.do sth.hear sb.or sth.doing sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb.or sth.do sth.意思“聽到某人或某物做過某事”。試比較：I hear him singing an English song.聽見他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我聽見他唱一首英文歌。

類似hear 這種用法的還有see, watch, listen, feel等感官動詞。6.any /some any和some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較：I want some money.我想要點錢。Have you any money? 你有錢嗎？I don’t have any money.我一點錢也沒有。

some 有時也用于疑問句，表示說話人期待一個肯定回答或鼓勵人家說“是”。例如： Would you like some more beer?請你再來點啤酒好嗎？ Could I have some rice, please?請給我來點米飯好嗎？ 7.hear /listen to listen to 和hear 都有“聽”的意思，但含義有所不同。Listen to強調(diào)“聽”的動作，hear 強調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果。例如：Listen to me ,please!I’m going to tell you a story.請聽我說！我給你們講個故事。

Listen!Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 聽！你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎？ I listened, but heard nothing.我聽了聽，但什么也聽不見。hear 后面如果接賓語從句，常常表示“聽說”。例如：

I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我聽說一些外國學(xué)生將要訪問我們學(xué)校。

I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我聽說今晚我們學(xué)校要演一場電影。

8.Let’s… /Let us…

Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“讓我們……”, 如果us 包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義相同，附帶問句用shall we.如果us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義不同，Let us…的附帶問句要用will you。例如：Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝幔?9.take/ bring/ carry /get 這四個動詞都有“拿”和“帶”的意思，但含義有所不同。take意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring意為“帶來”，“拿來”, get表示“到別的地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”，carry不強調(diào)方向，帶有負(fù)重的意思。試比較：

My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。

I’m going to take you to Beijing.我準(zhǔn)備帶你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.請給我端杯茶來。

I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。The waiter carried the me to the table服務(wù)員把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那個包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.讓我去請醫(yī)生吧。

10.far away /faraway(1)far away是一個副詞短語，意思是“很遠”。例如：Some are far away.Some are nearer.有些離得很遠，有些離得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那個村子離這兒很遠。

(2)faraway是一個形容詞，意思是“遙遠的”，可以在句中作定語。例如： He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一個遙遠的小山村。11.find / look for find和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含義不同。find 強調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，而look for 強調(diào)“找”的過程。請看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行車。I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。另外，find還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個錢包。

I find this book very interesting.我覺得這本書很有意思。12.in front of /in the front of In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范圍內(nèi)。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較：My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司機坐在小車的前部。初二年級（中）

27.just then 【知識梳理】

28.first of all I.重點短語

29.go wrong 1.give a concert 30.make a noise 2.fall down 31.get on 3.go on 32.get off 4.at the end of 33.stand in line 5.go back 34.at the head of 6.in ahurry 35.laugh at 7.write down 36.throw about 8.come out 37.in fact 9.all the year round 38.at midnight 10.later on

39.enjoy oneself 11.at times 40.have a headache 12.ring sb.up 41.have a cough 13.Happy New Year!42.fall asleep 14.have a party 43.again and again 15.hold on 44.look over 16.hear from 45.take exercise 17.be ready

18.at the moment II.重要句型 19.take out

20.the same as 1.be good for sth.21.turn over 2.I think … 22.get-together 3.I hope… 23.put on 4.I love… 24.take a seat 5.I don’t like… 25.wait for 6.I’m sure… 26.get lost 7.forget to do sth.8.take a message for sb.24.Turn right/left at the...crossing.9.give sb.the message 25.Go on until you reach...10.help yourself to sth.26.How can I get to...? Go down/up/along 11.be famous for sth.this road.12.on one’s way to… 27.What's the matter? 13.make one’s way to… 28.It'll take you half an hour to...14.quarrel with sb.29.We'd better catch a bus.15.agree with sb.30.It may be in...Ah, so it is 16.stop sb.from doing sth.31.You must be more careful!

32.You mustn't cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait III.交際用語

for the green light.1.What’s the weather like today? 34.Please stand in line.2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.35.You must wait for your turn.3.How cold it is today!36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.37.I don't feel very well.5.Shall we make a snowman? 38.My head hurts.6.Ok.Come on!39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the 7.Happy New Year!doctor.40.What's the trouble? 8.May I speak to Ann, please?？

9.Hold on, please.41.What's the matter with…? 10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.42.She didn't feel like eating anything.11.Ok.But I’m afraid I may be a little late.43.Nothing serious.12.Can I take a message for you? 44.Have/get a pain in… 13.That’s OK.It doesn’t matter.45.No problem.14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.46.Take this medicine three times a day.15.I’m sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!IV.重要語法 17.Would you like...? Would you like to...?

18.Do you think...? Yes, I think so./ No, I 1.一般過去時； don't think so.2.反意疑問句的用法； 19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree./ No, don't 3.一般將來時； really agree.I really can't agree.4.感嘆句； 20.There are a few / a lot of.../ on it.5.簡單句的五種基本句型； 21.So do we.6.情態(tài)動詞can, may和must, have to的用22.I'm happy you like it.法； 23.Which is the way to..., please? 7.時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。

【名師講解】 1.above/ over/ on

這三個介詞都表示“在……之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。試比較：There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。I raise my right hand above my head.我把右手高舉過頭。

There is a stone bridge over the river.河面上有座石橋。2.forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”，實際上還沒做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過某事”，實際上已經(jīng)做過了。試比較：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告訴他了，我卻忘了。類似的詞還有：remember, regret等。3.hope/wish hope和wish 在漢語中都有“希望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)別如下：(1)wish可以用來表示不可實現(xiàn)的愿望；hope只能用來表示可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。例如： I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。

I hope you’ll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起來。I wish the weather wasn’t so cold.但愿天氣不這麼冷。I hope he will come, too.我希望他也能來。

(2)wish可以接sb.to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，而hope不可以。例如： Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再來？ 4.be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb.or sth.(1)be sure to do sth.可以用來表示說話人給對方提出要求，意思是“務(wù)必”，也可以用來表示說話人做出的推斷，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：

Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你離開時務(wù)必把門鎖好。

It’s a good film.You are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影，你肯定會喜歡的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth.可用來表示“某人對某事有把握”。例如： I’m sure of his success.我相信他會成功。I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我沒有把握。5.hear from/hear of hear意思是“聽到”，從哪里聽到要用from來表示。例如：

I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我聽小吳說，我們明天開始軍訓(xùn)。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.聽錄音，并寫出你從韓梅那里聽到的內(nèi)容。

hear from還有一個意思是“收到某人的來信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如： I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A.last month.上個月我受到了美國筆友的來信。I heard from her last week.我上周接到了她的來信。

hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽說”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑問句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是誰？我從來沒有聽說過他。I never heard of such a thing!這樣的事我從來沒有聽說過。6.It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.It’s a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時的答語，意思是“那是我樂意做的”。例如：---Thank you for helping me.謝謝你地幫助。---It’s a pleasure.那是我樂意做的。---Thanks a lot.Bye.非常感謝。再見。---It’s a pleasure.那是我樂意做的。再見。類似的話還有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”

With pleasure也用作客氣的答語，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的場合。例如：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?請你把報紙遞給我好嗎？---With pleasure.當(dāng)然可以。7.seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起來”講，但seem暗示憑借一些跡象作出的有根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷

往往接近事實；look著重強調(diào)由視覺得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如：He seems / looks(to be)very happy today.他今天看起來很高興。It looks(seems)as if it it is going to rain.好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look：

1)后跟不定式to do時。如：He seems to know the answer.他似乎知道答案。

2)在It seems that...結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。

8.be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的準(zhǔn)備”，強調(diào)狀態(tài)(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“為…做準(zhǔn)備”，強調(diào)行為。如：

I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.我愿意/隨時準(zhǔn)備做一切做你要我做的事。I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/隨時準(zhǔn)備回答你可能問的問題。He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正準(zhǔn)備動身去東京。

Let's get ready for the hard moment.我們?yōu)檫@一艱難時刻作好準(zhǔn)備吧。(3)be ready to do 通?？衫斫狻皹酚谧瞿呈隆保此枷肷峡偸怯凶瞿呈碌臏?zhǔn)備。be not ready to do表示“不輕易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不輕易聽從別人。9.at table/at the table at table在吃飯，at the table在桌子旁邊。例如：The Greens are at table.格林一家人在吃飯。Mr.Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。10.reach, arrive/get to 三者都有“到達”之意。reach是及物動詞，后直接加名詞，get和arrive是不及物動詞，不能直接加名詞，須借助于介詞。get to后加名詞地點，若跟副詞地點時，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：

Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock.露西8點前到了動物園。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何時到上海的？ It was late when I got home.我到家時天色已晚。11.sick/ill 二者都是形容詞。當(dāng)“生病的，患病“之意時，ill只作表語，不作定語；而sick既可作表語也可作定語。sick有“嘔吐，惡心”的意思，只能作表語，而ill無此意。如：

Li Lei was ill last week.(只作表語)李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man.（作定語）他是病人。不能說成：He's an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year.（作表語）我祖父去年病了一個月。12.in time/on time in time是“及時”的意思，on time是“準(zhǔn)時，按時”。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time.我沒有及時趕上汽車。We'll finish our job on time.我們要按時完成任務(wù)。13.may be/maybe It may be in your inside pocket.= Maybe it is in your inside pocket.也許在你里邊的口袋里。第一句中may be是情態(tài)動詞+be 動詞構(gòu)成的謂語部分，意思是“也許是”，“可能是”；第二句中的maybe是副詞，意思是“可能”，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相當(dāng)于另一副詞 perhaps。再如：Maybe you put it in that bag.也許你放在了那只包里。（不能說You maybe put it in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是頂帽子。（不能說It maybe a hat.或It maybe is a hat.）14.noise/ voice/ sound noise 指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能夠聽到的聲音、鬧聲等。它是表示聲音之意的最普通的字。有時還用作科學(xué)上的聲音。例如：

Don't make so much noise!別那么大聲喧嘩！

I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.在電話里我聽不出約翰的聲音。He spoke in a low voice.他低聲說話。We heard a strange sound.我們聽到了一種奇怪的聲音。Sound travels fast, but light travels faster.聲音傳得快，但是光傳得更快。初二英語（下）

【知識梳理】

I.重點短語

1.on time 2.out of 3.all by oneself 4.lots of 5.no longer 6.get back 7.sooner or later 8.run away 9.eat up 10.take care of 11.turn off 12.turn on 13.after a while 14.make faces 15.teach oneself 16.fall off 17.play the piano 18.knock at 19.to one's surprise 20.look up 21.enjoy oneself 22.help yourself 23.tell a story / stories 24.leave....behind …… 25.come along 26.hold a sports meeting 27.be neck and neck 28.as...as 29.not so / as...as 30.do one's best 31.take part in 32.a moment late 33.Bad luck!34.fall behind 35.high jump 36.long jump 37.relay race 38.well done!39.take off 40.as usual 41.a pair of 42.at once 43.hurry off 44.come to oneself 45.after a while 46.knock on 47.take care of 48.at the moment 49.set off 50.here and there 51.on watch 52.look out 53.take one’s place

II.重要句型

1.We’d better not do sth.2.leave one.oneself 3.find one’s way to a place 4.stand on one’s head 5.make sb.Happy 6.catch up with sb.7.pass on sth.to somebody 8.spend time doing sth.9.go on doing sth.10.get on well with sb.11.be angry with sb.12.be fed up with sth.13.not…until… 14.make room for sb.III.交際用語

1.We’re all by ourselves.2.I fell a little afraid.3.Don’t be afraid.24.I’m sorry to trouble you.4.Help!25.Would you please…? 5.Can’t you hear anything? 26.What were you doing at ten o’clock 6.I can’t hear anything / anybody there.yesterday morning? 7.Maybe it’s a tiger.27.You look tired today.8.Let’s get it back before they eat the food.28.You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you 9.Did she learn all by herself? can.10.Could she swim when she was …years 29.How kind!old? 30.Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an 11.She didn’t hurt herself.accident.12.He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.31.It’s really nice of you.13.Did he enjoy himself? 32.Don’t mention it.14.Help yourselves.33.Don’t crowd around him.15.Bad luck!

16.Come on!IV.重要語法 17.Well done!Congratulations(to…)!

18.It must be very interesting.1.不定代詞/副詞的運用；

19.I don’t think you’ll like it.2.反身代詞的用法； 20.It seems to be an interesting book.3.并列句； 21.I’m sure(that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not 4.形容詞和副詞的比較等級； sure what to… 5.冠詞的用法； 22.I hope so.6.動詞的過去進行時； 23.What was he/she drawing when…?

【名師講解】 1.bring/take Bring表示“帶來、拿來”，指從別處朝說話人所在或?qū)⒃诘牡胤健皫?、拿來”。而take則表示“拿去、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反，指從說話人所在地“拿走、帶走”。如： Bring me the book, please.把那本書給我拿來。

Take some food to the old man.給那位老人帶去些食物。2.somebody/ anybody/nobody

一般說來，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句。例如：

Somebody came to see you when you were out.你出來時有人來見你。

Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎？

I didn't see anybody there.我在那兒誰也沒看見。

Don't let anybody in.I'm too busy to see anybody.別讓任何人進來。我太忙，誰也不想見。

There is nobody in the room.房間里沒人。

Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it.誰也沒告訴我你病了所以我不知道。

3.listen, listen to, hear 這三個詞意思都是“聽”，但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區(qū)別在于：(1)listen 只用于不及物動詞，后面接人或人物做賓語，著重于“傾聽”，指的是有意識的動作，至于是否聽到，并非強調(diào)的重點。如：

Listen!Someone is singing in the classroom.聽！有人在教室唱歌。

(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做賓語，這里的to是介詞。如：

Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎？

(3)hear 可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，意思是“聽到、聽見”，指用耳朵聽到了某個聲音，表示無意識的動作，著重于聽的能力和結(jié)果。如：We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽。She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽，但是什么也沒有聽見。4.many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多。例如： He has many books.他有許多書。He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。

(2)a few和a little都表示“有一點兒”，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于“some”，但a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點咖啡好嗎？好的，只要一點。(3)few和little表示“幾乎沒有”，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如： He is a strange man.He has few words.他是個怪人，他幾乎不說什么話。Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒什么時間了。

5.either/ neither/ both

either可作形容詞，一般指“兩者中的任何一個”。有時也可表示“兩個都……”的意思，后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式；neither: 指兩者中沒有一個，全否定；both: 指兩者都，肯定。句中可作主語、賓語和定語，both后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Neither of the films is good.兩部電影都不好。（沒有一部是好的）Either of the films is good.兩部電影都不錯。（謂語動詞用單數(shù)）Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個老師都常常解答問題。6.take part in/join take part in參加某種活動;join參加，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對嗎？We often take part in many school activities.我們經(jīng)常參加學(xué)校里的一些活動。He joined the party in 1963.他1963年入的黨。My little brother joined the army last year.我小弟去年參的軍。7.quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相當(dāng)”。如：She is quite right.她對極了。That's not quite what I want.那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當(dāng)”，比預(yù)想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當(dāng)冷。

(3)very 表示程度“很，甚，極其，非?！?，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用于不喜歡的情況下。應(yīng)注意“a very +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，“a”應(yīng)置于“very”之前，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Two months is quite a long time./ a very long time.兩個月是一段很長的時間。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day.今天天氣很好。

初三年級（上）

6.sooner or later 【知識梳理】

7.pay for I.重點短語

8.come up with an idea 1.at the moment

9.think of 2.used to 10.have a try 3.for a while 11.all over the world 4.walk away with sth.12.be famous for 5.leave for some place 13.large numbers of 14.all the year round 15.no matter what 16.give up 17.for example 18.by the way 19.on business 20.so far 21.come true 22.set off 23.slow down 24.go on doing 25.wait for 26.be proud of 27.be afraid of 28.speak highly of 29.a year and a half 30.half a year 31.pick up 32.as soon as 33.keep… clean 34.take care of 35.cut down

36.make a contribution to 37.base on 38.make sure 39.take away 40.begin with 41.right now 42.as soon as possible 43.leave a message 44.all kinds of things 45.walk around 46.fall asleep 47.wake up 48.go on a trip

49.have a good time 50.take photos 51.come out 52.come on

53.have a family meeting 54.talk about 55.go for a holiday 56 go scuba diving 57.write down

58.by oneself 59.walk along

60.get a chance to do sth 61.have a wonderful time 62.book a room

63.have an accident 64.be interested in 65.use sth.to do sth.66.make a TV show 67.be amazed at 68.take part in 69.feed on 70.get out of

II.重要句型

1.Why don’t you do sth.?

2.make sb.Happy

3.borrow sth.from sb.4.forget to do sth.5.pay fro sth.6.return sth.To sb.7.learn sth.from sb.8.be famous for sth.9.No matter what…

10.be with sb.11.go on doing sth.12.speak highly of sb.13.keep doing sth.14.allow sb.To do sth.15.encourage sb.to do sth.16.It is said that…

III.交際用語

1.---Excuse me, have you got …?---Yes, I have.(Sorry, I haven’t.)2.---Why don’t you …?---Thanks, I will.3.---Thanks a lot.(Thank you very much.)---You are welcome.4.---Have you ever done…?---Yes, I have, once.(No, never.)5.---I’ve just done…

---Really? 17.---Could you tell us how long we’re going 6.---What’s …like ? to be away? 7.---How long have you been…? 18.---Let’s try to find some information---Since… about it, OK? 8.---Have you ever been to…? 19.---Could you please tell me how to search---I’ve never been there.(None of us has./ the Internet? Only …h(huán)as.)20.---Go straight along here.9.---Would you like to have a try? 21.---Please go to Gate 12.---I don’t think I can… 22.---Please come this way.10.---What have you done since…? 23.---Could you tell me what you think about 11.---How long have you been at this …? Hainan Island?---For… 24.---That sounds really cool!12.---How long has she/ he worked there…?

---She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / IV.重要語法 his life.1.賓語從句

13.---I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.2.現(xiàn)在完成時 14.---May I help you? 15.---That’s very kind of you.3.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法比較： 16.---Could we go scuba diving? 【名師講解】 1.Maybe/ may be

(1)maybe是副詞，意思是“大概，也許”，常用作狀語。例如： Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.”

“他明天來嗎？”“也許不”。

(2)may be相當(dāng)于是情態(tài)動詞may與be動詞搭配一起作謂語，意思是“也許是…，可能是…”。

例如：It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點到達。The man may be a lawyer.那人也許是律師。

2.borrow/ lend/ keep/ use

(1)borrow表示的是從別人那里借來東西，即我們通常所說的“借進來”。例如：We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學(xué)校圖書館借書。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。

borrow是一個瞬間完成的動作，因此不能與時間段連用。

例如：You can borrow my recorder for three days.(錯誤)I have borrowed this book for only one week.(錯誤)

(2)lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人，即我們通常所說的“借出去”。例如：Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。He often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟。

lend與borrow一樣，也是一個瞬間完成的 動作，不能與一段時間連用。

(3)keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時間，因此可以與時間段連用。例如：You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機你可以借用三天。

I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期。(4)use也可以當(dāng)“借用”講，但它的本意是“用，使用”。例如：May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎？He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。

3.leave/ leave for(1)leave意思是“離開，留下”。例如：We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。

He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機落在出租車?yán)锪恕?2)leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。例如：We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。4.since/ for

(1)since用于完成時態(tài)，既能用作介詞，也能用作連詞，后常接時間點，意思是“自從”。例如：

He has been a worker since he came into this city.自從他來到這個城市，他就是工人了。

I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai.自從我們上次在上海見過之后我再也沒見過他。

since作連詞，還有“既然”的意思。例如： Since you are interested in it, just do it.既然你對它感興趣，那就做吧。You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課，就開心玩會兒吧。

(2)for用于完成時，用作介詞，后常接一段時間，意思是“經(jīng)過…”。例如： I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了。

for也可以用作連詞，但意思是“因為”。例如： They missed the flight for they were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。5.neither/ either/ both

(1)neither作代詞是對兩者都進行否定，意思為“兩者都不”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如：Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個男孩都不是來自英國。I know neither of them.他們兩個我都不認(rèn)識。

neither用作形容詞，也修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思與作代詞時相同；用作連詞時，一般與nor搭配，表示 “既不…也不”。作主語時，謂語動詞也遵循就近原則。例如：She neither ate nor drank yesterday.她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays.他和我們星期天都不踢球。

(2)either作代詞時，是指兩者中的任意一方,(兩者之)每一個，故作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如：Either of the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.She doesn’t like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作介詞時相同.例如：Either school is near my home.(這兩所學(xué)校中的)任何一所學(xué)校都離我家很近.Either question is difficult.兩個問題(中的任何一個)都難.either作連詞時,一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近原則。

Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對的。

Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來看我。(3)both作代詞時，指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

I like both of the stories.這兩個故事我都喜歡。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母兩人都是老師。

both作形容詞時，用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的兩只胳膊都受傷了。

Both these students are good at English.這兩個學(xué)生都擅長英語。

both用作連詞時，多與and搭配，表示“既…又, 不僅…而且”, 作主語時,謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。They study both history and physics.他們既學(xué)歷史，又學(xué)物理。

6.find/look for/ find out

(1)find強調(diào)找的結(jié)果，意思是“找到”。此外還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺”的意思，后可接賓語從句。

例如：Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎？

He found the lights were on along the street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)沿街的燈都亮了(2)look for的意思為“尋找”，指的是找的動作而非結(jié)果。另外，還有“盼望，期待”的意思。

例如：She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了。I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期。

(3)find out含有經(jīng)過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接較抽象的事物，意思是“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相）”等。例如： I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰拿了我的錢。

Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設(shè)法知道飛機何時到嗎？

7.forget to do/ forget doing

(1)forget to do是指忘記去做某件事了，即該事還沒有做。例如： Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了給我打電話。I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了帶零錢了。

(2)forget doing是指忘記某件已經(jīng)做過的事情，即該事已經(jīng)做了，但被忘記了。例如：He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告訴過我地址了。They forgot having been here before.他們忘了以前曾來過這兒。8.stop doing/ stop to do

(1)stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing這個動作不再繼續(xù)。例如：They stopped debating.他們停止了辯論。（不辯論了）He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red.由于交通燈變成了紅色他不得不停車。

(2)stop to do是指停下來開始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，開始做do這個動作。

例如：She stopped to have a rest.她停下來休息會兒。（開始休息）They stopped to talk.他們停下來開始交談。9.except/ besides

(1)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個人都很激動。（他們激動，而我卻不激動）All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）

(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外…還、除之外…又”，表示兩部分的相似性。例如：Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，還有25個學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology besides English.除了英語外，我們還喜歡生物。（生物和英語都喜歡）besides還可用作副詞，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。

例如：He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名偉大的思想家，除此以外，他還是一位政治家。

They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.他們不僅鼓勵我，而且與我以金錢上的支持。

10.keep doing/ keep on doing

(1)keep doing指的是連續(xù)地、堅持不斷地做某事，中間不間斷。例如：It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天風(fēng)了。The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續(xù)下降。(2)keep on doing是指反復(fù)堅持做某事，但動作之間略有間隔。例如：They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經(jīng)互相通信多年了。After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他堅持講話。11.seem/ look

(1)seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來…”。例如：The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。

seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。例如：It seems to rain.似乎要下雨了。They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。

在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。例如：It seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。

It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。

(2)look用作“看起來；好像”時，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。

例如：The room looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。12.such/ so

(1)such常用作形容詞，用來修飾名詞。例如：Don’t be such a fool.別這么傻。

He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個男孩。

(2)so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。例如：He is so kind!他真好心！

Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚？

當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時，應(yīng)該用so。

例如：He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。

Only so little time is left!才剩這么一點兒時間！

13.either/ too/ also

(1)either用作“也”時是副詞，常用于否定句句尾。

例如：She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾，表示“也”。

例如：He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國。

Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級嗎？(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句，但一般位于句中。

例如：We are also students.我們也是學(xué)生。

He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎？

14.if/ whether

在下列情況下只能用whether而非if：

(1)與or not連用時，只能用whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not.我們想知道你是否生病了。

Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.請告訴我們你是否完成了工作。(2)后接動詞不定式時，只能用whether.Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亞當(dāng)不知道是走還是留。

He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進晚餐。(3)所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放在主句之前時，只能用whether.Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind.我們不在乎將要刮風(fēng)還是下雨。Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。(4)引導(dǎo)主語從句或表語從句時，一般用whether.The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經(jīng)走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會和我一起去還是個秘密。if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether沒有此用法。We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我們 要進行足球賽。I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。

If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險，請撥打110。15.cost/ spend/ pay/ take

(1)cost一般用某物來做主語，表示“（某物）值…、花費…”，既能指花費時間也能指金錢。The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。

It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會花費你整整一周時間。cost 還可以用作名詞，表示“成本、費用、價格、代價”等。What’s the cost of this TV set? 這臺電視機的成本是多少錢？

They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。(2)spend一般用某人來作主語，表示“（某人）花費…，付出…”，也能指時間或金錢，指時間時常與 in搭配，指金錢時常與on或for搭配。

We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時間修理這臺機器。Mr.Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。

(3)pay用作動詞時，一般也以某人作主語，但一般指花錢、付款等，很少用來指花費時間。常與for搭配使用。例如：They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學(xué)費。pay還可以用作名詞，意思為“薪水、工資”等。

It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。(4)take也指“花費(時間、金錢)”，但通常用某事、某物做主語，或用形式主語it.How long will the meeting take? 會議要開多久？It took me several hours to get there.我花了幾個小時才到那兒。16.bad/ badly

這兩個詞的意思含有“壞、糟、嚴(yán)重”等意思，且它們有共同的比較級worse和最高級worst。

(1)bad是一個形容詞，意思是“壞的，糟糕的，差的，嚴(yán)重的”。

例如：I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不認(rèn)為他是一個壞人。I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。

(2)badly是一個副詞,意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意為“嚴(yán)重地，非常，極度”。

例如：We need help badly.我們急需幫助。His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴(yán)重受傷了。17.interested/ interesting

(1)interested是指“對…產(chǎn)生興趣的，對…感興趣的”，一般用人做主語，后常用介詞in.例如：He was interested in biology before.他以前對生物感興趣。I’m not interested in art.我對藝術(shù)不感興趣。

(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。例如：

He is an interesting old man.他是個有趣的老頭。The interesting story attracted me.這個有趣的故事吸引了我。

18.dead/ die/ death/ dying

(1)dead是形容詞，意思為“死了的、無生命的”，表示狀態(tài)，可以與一段時間連用。例如： The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead.這些兔子都是死的。

(2)die是動詞，意思為“死、死亡”，是一個瞬間動詞，不能與一段時間連用。例如：

My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。

(3)death是名詞，意思為“死亡、去世”等。

The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年，紀(jì)念館建成了。

His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。

(4)dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞，用作形容詞，意思是“垂死的、即將死去的”。

The doctors have saved the dying man.醫(yī)生們救活了那個垂死的人。The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了。

27.in the future 初三年級（中）

28.look up 【知識梳理】

29.Tree Planting Day I.重點短語

30.just right 1.give up 31.as often as possible 2.try out 32.wash away 3.most of 33.in this way 4.not…any more 34.in a few years' time 5.at the age of 35.point to 6.at that time 36.thanks to 7.send message by telegraph 37.more or less 8.graduate from 38.so far 9.turn down 39.shut down 10.put up 40.send up 11.at the top of 41.put off 12.get together

13.from house to house II.重要句型 14.at the end of

15.on top of 1.set one's mind to do sth.16.as well 2.put … together 17.climb down 3.stop…from… 18.in a single night 4.keep…from… 19.even though 5.be filled with sth.20.live on 6.give birth to 21.once upon a time 7.be covered with 22.according to 8.be made of 23.keep warm 9.fill…with… 24.on the other hand 10.match…with 25.on show 11.be used for 26.on display 12.have nothing to do with

13.come up with 6.---I hope to … 14.no matter how… 7.---I plan to… 15.keep sb./sth.warm

8.---I'm going to…

9.---I'm so happy that … III.交際用語

10.---I'm glad ….1.---I'm trying to … 11.---me too.2.---I'll … 12.---What's this called in English? 3.---Which of these would you like most 13.---What's it made of? to …? 14.---It's made of … 4.---What do you want to … ? 15.---What's it used for? 5.---I want to… 16.---It's used for … 17.---English is widely used for business/ …

18.---It is one of the world's most important languages as it is so widely used.19.---Where is / are … grown / produced / made ? 20.---The(ground)must be just right… 21.---It's best to …

22.---The hole should not be too deep.23.---The Great Green Wall is 7000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres wide.24.---The more, the better.25.---More or less!

26.---The(ground)must be just right… 27.---The hole should not be too deep.28.掌握以下常見標(biāo)志：

ENTRANCE EXIT PUSH PULL NO SMOKING NO PARKING FRAGILE THIS SIDE UP NO PHOTOS DANGER BUSINESS HOURS PLAY STOP PAUSE ON OFF IV.重要語法

1.動詞被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法； 2.動詞不定式的功能和用法?！久麕熤v解】 1.be able to/ can

(1)都能表示“能夠，具備干某件事的能力”這個含義，此時可以互換。

Mr.Green is able to finish the work on time.= Mr.Green can finish the work on time.格林先生能夠按時完成這項工作。

(2)be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)，而can 為情態(tài)動詞，多用于現(xiàn)在時，其過去式為could。

We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.我們相信他長大后能夠成為一名畫家。

Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了。

(4)Can除了表示“能夠，有能力做某事”以外，還有如下用法，而be able to 則沒有。表示請求，但語氣沒有could委婉

Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎？

Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m.?我們可以在下午6點之后再離開學(xué)校嗎？

表示可能性。

That man can’t be our new teacher.那人不可能是我們的新老師。The exam can’t be too difficult.考試不會太難。2.bring/ take/carry/fetch

(1)bring一般是指拿來，即從別處往說話人這里拿，翻譯成“帶來”。

He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來了一些好消息。

Please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow.明天請別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來。

(2)take一般是指從說話人這里往別處拿，翻譯成“帶走”。

Please take the umbrella with you.It’s going to rain.要下雨了，請把傘帶上。She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。

(3)carry不強調(diào)方向，表示“攜帶、背著、運送、搬扛”等意思。

They carried the boxes into the factory.他們把箱子搬進了工廠。

A taxi carried them to the station.出租車送他們到了車站

(4)fetch表示的是“去取來、去拿來、去叫來”等意思，包含去和來兩趟。

The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)砹艘恍┨O果。

Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請來了醫(yī)生。3.whole/ all

(1)whole強調(diào)一個完整如一，互不分割的整體。

The whole country is suffering the war.整個國家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭。I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事。

whole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠詞和指示代詞的之后。

They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.他們將到加拿大渡過整個假期。（所有格后）She has finished writing the whole book.她已經(jīng)寫完了整本書。（冠詞后）

whole用來修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）。

He ate the whole cake.他把整個蛋糕都吃了。（強調(diào)整整一個蛋糕）(2)all強調(diào)由一個個部分組成的“全部”。

Miss Green knew all the students in the class.格林小姐認(rèn)識這個班上的所有人。（一個一個全認(rèn)識）

all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。

Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)。（所有格前）

Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。（定冠詞前）The boy can answer all these questions.那個男孩能夠回答所有的這些問題。（指示代詞前）all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)），又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。（修飾可數(shù)名詞）She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心。（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）4.fill/ full

(1)fill常作動詞，與with連用，意思是“注滿、裝滿”，也能表示“填空；補缺”的意思。例如：

He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。The bucket is filled with water.水桶里裝滿了水。

(2)full是形容詞，翻譯成“滿的，裝滿的”，常與of連用。此外還能表示“完全的”和“吃飽的，過飽的”。

All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了。

The bus was full.He had to wait for the next one.這輛車人滿了，他只有等下一輛。5.be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into

(1)be made of表示“由…制成”, 一般指能夠看出原材料，或發(fā)生的是物理變化。例如：

This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的。

This salad is made of apples and strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。

(2)be made from也表示“由…制成”，但一般指看不出原材料，或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化。例如： Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。

The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。(3)be made in指的是產(chǎn)地，意思為“于…制造”。The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。

My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.我媽媽喜歡買中國產(chǎn)的東西。(4)be made into的意思為“被制成為…”。

This piece of wood will be made into a small bench.這塊木頭將要被制成一個小凳。The paper has been made into clothes for the doll.紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。6.none/ no one/ neither(1)none既能指人，又能指物，意思是“沒有一個，無一”，常用作代詞，與of連用。None of us has heard of him before.我們沒有一個人以前聽說過他。I like none of the coats.那些外套我一件都不喜歡。none用作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。例如：

None of the answers is true.沒有一個答案是正確的。None of the rooms are mine.沒有一間房子是我的。

(2)no one只能用來指人，且不能與of連用。例如：

No one is absent.沒有人缺席。I knew no one there.那里我一個人也不認(rèn)識。no one用作主語時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)。

例如：No one agrees with you.沒有人同意你的說法。

(3)neither作代詞是對兩者都進行否定，意思為“兩者都不”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個男孩都不是來自英國。I know neither of them.他們兩個我都不認(rèn)識。7.found/ find(1)find的意思是“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其過去式和過去分詞都是found.I can't find my glasses.我找不著我的眼鏡了。He found it boring to sit here alone.他發(fā)現(xiàn)獨自坐在這里很沒勁。

(2)found是另外一個詞，與find并沒有關(guān)系，意思是“成立、建設(shè)”，常用作及物動詞。

The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國成立于1949年。

The school was founded by the local residents.這所學(xué)校是由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥藿ǖ摹?.hear / hear of/ hear from(1)hear的意思是“聽見；聽說，得知”，后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。

例如： We heard the news just a moment ago.我剛聽說這個消息。Can you hear me? 能聽見我說話嗎？

(2)hear of的意思是“聽說”，一般指非直接的聽見，而是聽別人說的。后不能接賓語從句。例如：

I have never heard of her.我從未聽說過她。They heard of the film long time ago.他們很久以前就聽說過這部電影。

(3)hear from的意思是“收到來信”，與“聽”無關(guān)。例如：I often hear from him.我經(jīng)常收到他的來信。

He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久沒有收到媽媽的信了 9.send/ send for(1)send意思是“送往，派遣”，還有“發(fā)信，寄信”的意思。例如：The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到國外學(xué)習(xí)去了。Mr.Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子們。(2)send for意思是“召喚；派人去??；派人去拿”，而非本人親自去。例如：They have sent for a repairman.他們已經(jīng)派人去請了一名修理工。She sent for some flowers.她派了人去買花。10.get to/ arrive/ reach(1)arrive后不能直接接地點，是一個不及物動詞。若表示到達一個相對大的地點，用arrive in;若表示相對小的地點，用arrive at.The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表團將于下午5:00到達北京。

It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.當(dāng)他們到達火車站的時候，天已經(jīng)黑了。

When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么時候到這兒的？（副詞前省略介詞）(2)reach能直接接所到達的地點，是一個及物動詞。例如：They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達了倫敦。The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個消息。reach還有“伸手去取，伸手觸及，聯(lián)絡(luò)”等意思。

Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹上的哪個蘋果嗎？ He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時打電話跟他聯(lián)系。(3)get在表示“到達”時是不及物動詞，應(yīng)與to搭配使用。We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校。

They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達了山頂。

19.hands up 初三年級（下）

【知識梳理】 20.before long，I.重點短語 21.no one，22.not…any longer 1.beg one's pardon

2.multiply …by… II.重要句型 3.slow down

4.wear out 1.be busy doing sth.5.try on 2.prefer to do sth.6.make a decision, 3.regard...as...7.a place of interest 4.be pleased with sth./sb.8.make a mistake 5.be angry with sb.9.drop off

10.think about III.交際用語 11.make up one's mind，12.at all, 1.---How much does… cost …? 13.at least 2.---It can cost as little as … yuan and as 14.by the time much as … yuan.15.carry on 3.---It costs ….16.never mind 4.---It's worth ….17.from now on 5.---I don't agree with ….18.come down 6.---I wasn't sure whether….7.---I wonder if ….28.---Yeah!8.---What size …? 29.---Oh dear!9.---Have you got any other colour / size / 30.---Hands up!kind? 31.---I’ll shoot anyone who moves.10.---Have you got anything cheaper? 32.---There’s no need to thank me.11.---How much are they? 33.---Can you remember anything else about 12.---How much does it cost? him? 13.---How much is it? 34.---Come down, Polly!14.---That's a bit expensive.35.---There is a little traffic accident． 15.---Even though they're a little expensive, 36.---There's a big traffic jam.I'll take them.37.---Well, I'm sure he'll be here before long.16.---I'll think about ….38.---I'm beginning to get angry with him!17.---I don't think I'll take ….39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer.Let's go 18.---I like ….without him.19.---I don't really like ….40.---That's terrible!20.---Can I help you, girl? 41.---That's a really bad excuse!21.---Would you like me to look in the back?

22.---We can find ….IV.重要語法 23.---Do you like being …? 1.過去將來時

24.---Can I ask you some questions? 2.過去完成時 25.---Sure.3.動詞不定式 26.---It was great.4.定語從句 27.---Wow!【名師講解】

1.think/ think/about/ think of(1)think 單獨使用時表示“思考”，接that 賓語從句時意為“認(rèn)為”，“覺得”。

I am thinking how to work out the problem.I think she is a good student.當(dāng)賓語從句含有否定概念時，通常形式上否定think，但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。I don't think he can come.I don't think it will be windy.(2)think about 可接一個名詞，動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句，意思是“考慮……”。

I have thought about it for a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3)think of 表示“認(rèn)為”，一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用。

What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play? 2.big/ large/ great 上述形容詞都表示“大”，但側(cè)重點及程度不同。

(1)big指具體事物的大小，強調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大，既可用在普通場合，也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或“長大了”，還可表示“偉大”，“重要”之意。如：

Can you lift up this big stone?

On the last day I made a big decision.(2)large特別強調(diào)遠遠超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大，指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如： A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3)great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性，重要性，優(yōu)越性；常用于抽象

或無形的東西；用于有形的東西時，常帶有“偉大”，“大得令人吃驚”等意思，含有一定的感

情色彩。如：

China is a great country with a long history.He was one of the greatest scientists.3.cost/ take/ spend/ pay(1)cost表示“花錢”，花費，付出（只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語必須是物。）The book cost me five yuan.(2)take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。It took me five yuan to buy the book..(3)spend，在主動語句中主語是人I spent five yuan on(for)the book.或I spent five yuan(in)buying the book.(4)pay的主語是人。I paid five yuan for the book.4.expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 這四個詞在談?wù)摰絻r格的高低時，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格“高”，而cheap 與low涉及到價格“低”。

(1)expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個單詞若談到“價格高，貨貴”時其主語不能是價格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如：This watch is expensive.這只表很貴。These glass-products are not expensive.這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。

注意：cheap表示“價廉”，“便宜的”，其主語也不能是價格，必須是物品本身。如： The cheap table was bought from him.這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。This cloth doll is very cheap.這只布娃娃很便宜。

(2)high在表示價格時，含義是“高”，low在表示價格時，含義是“低”，這兩個詞不能用于物品本身，只

能用在價格上。如：The price of this watch is very high.這只表的價格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me.這本書的價格對我來說是不低。下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照：

The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改為：This computer is expensive.或The price of this computer is high.)The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy.或 The price of this pen is not low for him.)5.alone/ lonely lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時有所區(qū)別：

(1)lonely用作形容詞，意思是“孤單的；寂寞的”?？芍感撵`上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是“單獨；獨自”，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被帶到一個荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。6.before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”講，切不要按字面譯為“長時間以前”或“好久以前”。如： We hope to finish our experiment before long.我們希望不久（以后）就把實驗做完。

(2)long before 作“很久以前”講。原意為“……以前很久”，故也可譯為“老早”。long before 跟before long

不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句；當(dāng)上下文明確時，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.我們昨天開始做實驗，但我們在那以前很久就已經(jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。7.as/ when/ while(1)as 是連詞，意思是“當(dāng)……的時候，一面……一面”，（強調(diào)同時，一般連續(xù)時間不長），如：

As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.正當(dāng)我們談?wù)摗疤┨鼓峥颂枴边@部電影時，教師進來了。

The students sing as they go along.學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。

(2)When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when“當(dāng)……的時候”（一般表示動作緊接著發(fā)生）；

“那時”（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.我一直呆到太陽下山，那時天開始下雨了。(3)while是“當(dāng)……時候；和……同時”（強調(diào)同時發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時間較長）例如：While I was watching TV, he was reading.當(dāng)我在看電視的時候，他正在看書。While there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望。

8.beat/win/ hit

(1)beat 是動詞，意思是“連續(xù)地打;打敗;敲打”。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是“擊敗對手?！比纾?/p>

I can beat you at swimming.(2)win意思是“贏得某個項目”，后面常接“match, game”。如：He won a game.他勝一局。We won a match.我們比賽得勝。

(3)hit意思是“擊中”（有時可表示“打一下”）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger.媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下。9.keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示“持續(xù)不停地做某事”或“持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)”。如：The girl kept crying all the time.那個女孩一直在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours.這個嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個小時。

(2)keep on doing 表示“總不斷做某事”，不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類

詞連用。如：It kept on raining for seven days.Don't keep on asking such silly questions.10.get/ turn/ become 這三個詞都可作系動詞用，表示狀態(tài)的變化，后跟表語，但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化；turn強調(diào)色彩的變化；而become則強調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如：

The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越來越短。She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出問題，臉紅了。When did you become a teacher?-Ten years ago.你什么時候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?？十年前?1.steal / rob 從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思；從搭配上來講，steal sth from sb/sth;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth;例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12.see/look/watch/notice 在英語中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他們的區(qū)別。see意為“看到”，表示視覺器官有意識或無意識地看到物體，強調(diào)“看到”的結(jié)果。look意為“看”，表示有意識地觀看，強調(diào)“看”的動作。watch意為“觀看，注視”，指以較大的注意力觀看。notice意為“看到，注意到”，指有意識的注意，含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如： What can you see in the picture？在圖畫中你能看到什么？

Look!How happily they are playing！看！他們玩得多高興??！He’s watched TV for over two hours．他看了兩個多小時的電視。He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有個錢包。13.Shoot/ shoot at shoot是及物動詞，意思是“射中，射死”，賓語多為人或動物等。而shoot at是一個動詞詞組，意為“向……射擊”，至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如：

The man shot five birds in the forest．那個人在森林里射死（中）了五只鳥。The hunter shot at the bear．獵人朝熊射擊了。They shot at the she－wolf，but didn't shoot her．他們向那只母狼射擊，但是沒有射中／死。14.escape/ run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脫”或“逃避”講時，往往會有成功之意。如：The old man escaped death．那個老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison．那個小偷越獄了。

(2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”講時，往往強調(diào)動作。如：Don't let him run away． 別讓他跑了。

口語中escape和run away可以互用。15.so that..../ so...that....(1)so that....為了，以便。引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句，從句中往往有情態(tài)動詞。也可引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句。如：

I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2)so...that....既可引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句。

如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.

第二篇：初中英語知識點

動詞搭配：

Will you please(not)do…/請你（不）做某事好嗎？ Would you please(not)do…?請你（不）做某事好嗎？

Why not do…?=Why don’t you do…?為什么不做某事呢？

had better not do…最好做某事

let /make s.b do讓某人做某事 would rather do than do寧肯做。。而不做….can/may/must/should do能/ 可以/ 必須/ 應(yīng)該做

1.want /would like to do想要做need to do需要做

hope to do希望做decide to do=make up one’s mind to do決定做

too….to do太….不能做learn to do學(xué)做

try one’s best to do 盡力做seem to do似乎做

plan to do計劃做offer to do主動要求做

can’t wait to do 迫不及待地做used to do過去常常做

have a chance /an opportunity to dofail to do有一個做…的機會

in order to do為了做prefer to do rather than do寧肯做而不做

2.be the first / last to do第一個/ 最后一個做

be lucky to do 做…很幸運be happy / glad/sorry to do 很高興/難過做某事

be able to do能做find / think + it + 形 + to do發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為做某事…

be supposed to do應(yīng)該做

3.ask sb to do/ tell sb to do/ order sb to do 請求/告訴/命令某人做

invite s.b to do 邀請某人做 /encourage s.b to do鼓勵某人做

4.It’s time to do到了做某事的時間了It’s our duty to do 做…是我們的職責(zé)It takes sb some time to do 某人花一段時間做

It is + 形(possible/polite/good…)for/of s.b to do 某人做…

Doing

enjoy doing喜歡做mind(one’s)doing介意做

finish doing做完feel like doing想要做

keep / keep on doing堅持做practise doing 練習(xí)做

have fun /problems doing 做…很快樂/做…遇到麻煩give up/drop doing 放棄做

spend time/money doing 花錢/時間做prefer doing to doing 和…相比更喜歡

consider doing =think about doing考慮做

2.be busy doing忙于做be good at doing=do well in doing擅長做

be worth doing 值得做be used for doing被用來做be used to doing習(xí)慣于做 be interested in doing對做…感興趣be excited about doing 做…很激動

3.Thanks for doing … 謝謝你做what /How about doing做…怎么樣阿？

hold on to doing堅持做pay attention to doing注意做

look forward to doing期待做dream of doing夢想做

4.do some cooking /shopping/ reading做飯/ 購物/ 閱讀/

go+ skating/fishing /climbing/ 去滑冰/釣魚/ 爬山

To do/doing

remember to do/ doing 記得要做/做過 forget to do/ doing忘記要做/做過

stop to do/ doing 停下來去做/ 停止正在做的事

go on to do / doing 繼續(xù)做另一件事/ 繼續(xù)做同一件事

start/ begin to do/ doing 開始做

hear sb doing/ to do聽見某人在做/ 做某事了

see sb.doing/ to do看見某人在做/ 做某事了

notice sb doing/to do注意到某人在做/做某事了

第三篇：(人教)初中英語閱讀比賽方案

初中英語閱讀比賽方案

英語閱讀在初中英語教學(xué)中越來越重要，考試所占的比例也越來越大，為了讓學(xué)生更加重視英語閱讀，強化學(xué)生的閱讀意識，提高大家英文閱讀的能力以及自主閱讀的能力，同時英語文章中蘊藏著很多的英美文化知識，這也是一個學(xué)習(xí)英語的人必需了解的，使同學(xué)們對閱讀的模式有一個整體的認(rèn)識，提高同學(xué)們的英語閱讀能力和學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，為之后的英語學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。經(jīng)英語教研組討論決定開展中學(xué)英語閱讀比賽，具體比賽方案如下：

一、比賽時間：5月22日（周三中午12:30）

二、比賽地點：小學(xué)部二樓電教室

三、參賽對象：七、八、九年級每班各選派5名學(xué)生參賽

四、出卷及閱卷教師：

七年級組：陸朝亮老師負(fù)責(zé)出試卷，改卷：初一全體英語老師。八年級組：岳貞剛老師負(fù)責(zé)出試卷，改卷：初二全體英語老師。九年級組：黃玲老師負(fù)責(zé)出試卷，改卷：初三全體英語老師

六、獎項設(shè)置：

每年級組設(shè)置一等獎2名，二等獎3名，三等獎4名。

華強學(xué)校中學(xué)部英語教研組

2013年4月15日

第四篇：初中英語經(jīng)典句子 人教新目標(biāo)版

初中英語經(jīng)典句子大全

一、About Visits 關(guān)于拜訪

151.Hello.Can I see Mr.Green? 你好，我能見格林先生嗎？ 152.Do you have an appointment? 你有預(yù)約嗎？ 153.Sorry, I don't.對不起，我沒有。154.Yes.At 3 pm.是的，約的是下午3點。

155.Sorry, Mr.Green can't see you now.對不起，格林先生現(xiàn)在不能見您。156.He's on the phone.他在打電話。

157.Would you wait here for a minute? 您能在這里等一下嗎？ 158.Would you like something to drink? 您想喝點什么嗎？ 159.Tea, please.我喝點茶吧。

160.Mr.Green, Mr.Smith is here.格林先生，史密斯先生在這里。161.You may go in now.您可以進去了。

162.Nice to see you, my old friend.真高興見到你，我的老朋友。163.How have you been these years? 這些年你怎么樣？

164.You've changed little.你一點也沒變。

165.Do you still remember that Christmas? 你仍記得那個圣誕節(jié)嗎？

二、About Language 關(guān)于語言

166.Do you speak English? 你會說英語嗎？ 167.Yes, a little.會講一點。

168.How long have you studied English? 你學(xué)英語多久了？ 169.He speaks English fluently.他講英語很流利。170.Your English is very good.你的英語很好。

171.You speak English pretty well.你的英語講的很好。

172.Are you a native speaker of English? 你的母語是英語嗎？

173.My native language is Chinese.我的母語是漢語。174.He speaks with London accent.他帶點倫敦口音。175.He has a strong accent.他口音很重。

176.I have some difficulty in expressing myself.我表達起來有點困難。177.I'm always confused with “s” and “th”.我常把s和th搞混。178.Can you write in English? 你能用英文寫文章嗎？

179.Your pronunciation is excellent.你的發(fā)音很好。

180.How can I improve my spoken English? 我該怎樣才能提高口語水平？

三、Talking About Activities 談?wù)摶顒?181.What are you doing? 你在干什么？

182.I'm reading a book.我在看書。183.I'm cooking.我在做飯。

184.Are you watching TV now? 你在看電視嗎？

185.Yes, I'm watching Channel 5.是的，我在看5頻道。186.No, I'm listening to the radio.沒有，我在聽收音機。187.Where are you going? 你去哪兒？

188.I'm going to work.我去上班。

189.Who are you writing to? 你在給誰寫信？

190.I'm writing to an old friend.給一個老朋友。

191.What will you do this weekend? 這周末你將干什么？ 192.I'll go to a concert.我要去聽音樂會。

241.Hi, Joe, is it really you? 喬，你好，真是你嗎？

242.Hi, Ann.Nice to see you again.安，你好。真高興再次見到你。

243.It's been a whole year since I last saw you.我整整一年沒見你了。

244.Yes, but you look as pretty now, as you did then.但你看起來還是那么漂亮。245.Oh, thank you.How have you been these days? 歐，謝謝。這段時間你好嗎？ 246.Not too bad.不太糟。

247.But you sound so sad.但聽起來你很悲傷。

248.Yes, I lost my pet cat yesterday.是啊，昨天我的寵物貓丟了。249.Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.聽到這消息我很遺憾。250.That's all right.沒事兒。

251.Have you seen Kate lately? 最近你看見凱特了嗎？

252.No, I have no contact with her.沒有。我和她沒有一點兒聯(lián)系。253.I heard she got married last week.我聽說她上星期結(jié)婚了。

254.Oh, how nice.Sorry, I've got to go now.那真好。對不起，我必須得走了。255.So do I.See you later.Keep in touch.我也是，再見。記得聯(lián)系哦 193.I'll go on an outing with some friends.我與朋友去郊游。194.Do you like traveling? 你喜歡郊游嗎？

195.Yes, I like it a great deal/it very much.是的，我很喜歡。

四、About Age 關(guān)于年齡

196.How old are you? 你多大了？

197.I'm twenty-two(years old).我二十二了。

198.Mr.Smith is still in his forties.史密斯先生才四十幾歲。199.I'm two years younger than my sister.我比我姐小兩歲。

200.My elder sister is one year older than her husband.我姐比他丈夫大一歲。201.He's the youngest in the family.他是一家中最小的。

202.He looks much younger than he is.他看起來比他實際上年輕得多。203.I came here when I was 20.我二十歲來這兒。

204.I started school at the age of 6.我六歲開始上學(xué)。205.My father is over 60 years old.我父親已年過六十了。206.Most of them are less than 30.他們中大多數(shù)不到30歲。207.I guess he's about 30.我猜他大概30歲。

208.She's going to be 15 next month.下個月她就滿15了。

209.They'll have a party for their 10th wedding anniversary.他們將為結(jié)婚十周年開個晚會。

210.He's still a boy after all.他畢竟還只是個孩子。

五、Talking About Daily Activities 談?wù)撊粘Ｉ?/p>

211.When do you get up everyday? 每天你幾點起床？ 212.I usually get up at 8 o'clock.我通常8點起床。213.Where do you have your lunch? 你在哪兒吃午飯？

214.I have my lunch in a snack bar nearby.我在附近一家快餐店吃午飯。215.What did you have for lunch? 你中午吃些什么？

216.I had a hamburger and a fried chicken leg? 我吃一個漢堡包，一個炸雞腿。217.What time do you start work? 你什么時候開始工作？ 218.I start work at 8 o'clock.我八點開始工作。219.What do you do at work? 你上班干些什么？

220.I answer telephones and do some typing.我接電話和打字。221.What time do you finish your work? 你什么時候下班？ 222.At 6 o'clock sharp.6點。

223.What do you do in your spare time? 閑暇時，你干些什么？ 224.I like listening to pop music.我喜歡聽流行音樂。225.I like playing football.我喜歡踢足球。

六、Talking About Yesterday 談?wù)撟蛱斓氖?/p>

226.When did you get up yesterday morning? 你昨天早上幾點起床？ 227.At about seven.七點左右。

228.I heard the clock, but I didn't get up until 9.我聽見鬧鐘了，但我捱到九點才起。

229.I woke up seven and got up right away.我七點醒了，然后馬上起床了。230.I hurried to my office.我匆忙趕到辦公室。

231.I had my breakfast on the way.我在路上吃的早飯。232.I was just on time.我剛好趕上。

233.I was 10 minutes late.我遲到了五分鐘。

234.I had lunch with a friend of mine.我和我的一個朋友一塊吃了午飯。235.I finished my work at 6 p.m.下午6點我下班了。

236.I stayed and did some extra work.我留下加了一會兒班。

237.The TV programs were really boring, so I went to bed very early.電視節(jié)目很無聊，所以我早早睡了。

238.I read a magazine in bed.我躺在床上看雜志。239.I didn't sleep well.我沒睡好。

240.I slept soundly all night.我整夜睡的很熟。

七、Talking With Friends 與朋友聊天

第五篇：初中英語代詞知識點

初中英語代詞知識點：不定代詞句中的用法

1）作主語，例： Both（of us）are right．（我們）兩人都對。Either（of the answers）is correct．兩個回答不論哪一個都對。Neither（of the answers）is correct．

兩個回答哪一個都不對。

Is everybody here？ 大家都到了嗎？

2）作賓語，例：There is room for all of us．我們所有的人全坐得下。He gave two to each（of them）．他給（他們）每人兩個。

I like none of the books．這些書我全不喜歡。

If you have any，give us some．有的話，給我們一點。

3）作表語，例：That' nothing．沒什么。

Is that all you want to know？你想知道的就是這些嗎？

Thanks，it' too much for me．謝謝，太多了。

I' not somebody，I' nobody．我不是重要人物，我是個無名小卒．That' really something．那真是一大收獲。

4）作定語，例：You may take either road.兩條路你走哪條都行。Every room is clean and tidy．每一個房間都很整潔。

Everybody' business is nobody's business．人人都管等于沒人管。（諺）

5）作同位語，例：They both agreed to stay here．他們兩人都答應(yīng)待在這兒。We are all for him．我們?nèi)С炙?/p>

We none of us said anything．我們誰也沒說什么。

Give them two each．給他們每人兩個。