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      商務(wù)合同縮略詞的特點(diǎn)及翻譯技巧

      時(shí)間:2019-05-14 15:01:58下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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      第一篇:商務(wù)合同縮略詞的特點(diǎn)及翻譯技巧

      商務(wù)合同縮略詞的特點(diǎn)及翻譯技巧

      摘要:近幾年,伴隨中外商貿(mào)的發(fā)展,針對(duì)商務(wù)合同翻譯技巧的研討頗多。其中,縮略詞作為商務(wù)合同的重要組成部分,其翻譯的科學(xué)得體與否直接影響著整個(gè)商務(wù)合同的翻譯質(zhì)量的高低。本文基于商務(wù)合同縮略詞的特點(diǎn)探究其翻譯技巧。

      關(guān)鍵詞: 商務(wù)合同

      縮略詞

      翻譯技巧

      引言

      商務(wù)英語(yǔ)作為應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)發(fā)展的重要分支,在國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不斷繁榮的當(dāng)下,其發(fā)展的空間和前景也在日趨廣闊與明朗。在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)的翻譯中,包括商務(wù)合同在內(nèi)的公文翻譯在整個(gè)翻譯中所占的比重和價(jià)值在不斷提升。如何更好地做好商務(wù)合同的翻譯已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前翻譯領(lǐng)域中研究的一個(gè)主要內(nèi)容。筆者在借鑒相關(guān)理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)商務(wù)合同中縮略詞的翻譯技巧進(jìn)行分析,希望能助力整個(gè)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯理論研究的深入。

      一、商務(wù)合同中縮略詞的內(nèi)涵及特點(diǎn)

      在探究商務(wù)合同中縮略詞翻譯技巧的進(jìn)程之中,一個(gè)首要研究的問(wèn)題和方向就是縮略詞的內(nèi)涵及特點(diǎn)。

      (一)縮略詞的內(nèi)涵

      如今,在學(xué)術(shù)界中,關(guān)于縮略詞的界定尚未構(gòu)成一個(gè)較為同一的說(shuō)法。依照辭書中的描述性的詮釋,縮略詞是經(jīng)由一些常見(jiàn)的字母而降低某些其中較為冗雜的單詞或短語(yǔ)而產(chǎn)生的。例如:在商務(wù)合同中,F(xiàn)OB、W.A、D/A、D/P等都是較為常見(jiàn)的縮略詞。在不斷的發(fā)展中,縮略詞在數(shù)量和涵蓋的范圍等方面呈現(xiàn)出不斷向上發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。在這種快速發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)下,商務(wù)合同中縮略詞的翻譯成了學(xué)術(shù)界中的一個(gè)重要的研究點(diǎn)。

      (二)縮略詞的特點(diǎn)

      在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中,縮略詞的利用與在其他表達(dá)情況中的利用并無(wú)較大的區(qū)別。但是由于商務(wù)合同在很大層面上是一個(gè)法律層面的概念,因此,縮略詞在這一領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用中具體呈現(xiàn)出以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):

      首先,縮略詞的普適性。在語(yǔ)言交流中,交流雙方只有就語(yǔ)言符號(hào)本身所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一的界定,其所具有的溝通價(jià)值才有效。在這種語(yǔ)言交流的訴求下,縮略詞在商務(wù)合同中所承載的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該具有內(nèi)在的一致性,或者說(shuō)是內(nèi)涵表達(dá)的一致性。

      其次,縮略詞的靈活性??s略詞的靈活性是其不斷成長(zhǎng)與發(fā)展的結(jié)果,顯現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)層面:一方面,縮略詞在數(shù)量和內(nèi)涵上不斷豐富,這是為了滿足商業(yè)社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展的訴求,另一方面,縮略詞在構(gòu)詞的進(jìn)程當(dāng)中,目前比較常見(jiàn)的是首字母的提取法。但是,隨著語(yǔ)言使用密度的不斷加大,很容易出現(xiàn)同一個(gè)縮略詞表達(dá)不同的內(nèi)容的情況。尤其是對(duì)表達(dá)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)與持重水平標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較高的貿(mào)易條約的翻譯和訂定中。

      最后,縮略詞的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。在商務(wù)條約中,任何條約文書中呈現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容都將從法律層面上具備必然的尺度與條件。在商業(yè)合同中縮略詞的使用與翻譯時(shí),也應(yīng)該按照科學(xué)與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性的準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行相關(guān)翻譯。在我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的初期,一些具有一定發(fā)展意義的國(guó)際項(xiàng)目在具體的合同條款中,由于一些關(guān)鍵的詞組翻譯的忽略而造成了很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

      總之,在商務(wù)合同相應(yīng)的縮略詞的翻譯進(jìn)程中,翻譯工作者應(yīng)該在考慮縮略詞自身的普適性與靈活性的同時(shí),進(jìn)一步從嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕嵌冗M(jìn)行考慮。這不僅是縮略詞在商務(wù)合同中所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的特點(diǎn),在很大程度上也是進(jìn)行商務(wù)合同中縮略詞翻譯的重要的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

      二、商務(wù)合同縮略詞的翻譯技巧

      在商務(wù)合同的翻譯過(guò)程中,除了傳統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確、通順及雅致等方面的基本要求之外,商務(wù)合同中的縮略詞的翻譯應(yīng)該從其自身的特點(diǎn)出發(fā)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的翻譯。筆者在參考相關(guān)的理論研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,從以下幾點(diǎn)對(duì)其翻譯方法進(jìn)行探討:

      (一)還原法

      縮略詞在商務(wù)合同中的使用的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了從語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)中實(shí)現(xiàn)更大程度的節(jié)省。比如,在時(shí)候及各類相干表達(dá)質(zhì)料上。但是,從商業(yè)合同的意義上來(lái)進(jìn)行分析,其功能意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其所有使用的表達(dá)方式。在這種還原的翻譯法的使用中,可以避免合同中重要數(shù)據(jù)及信息在語(yǔ)言傳遞與表述中的失真。這一點(diǎn)在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)的翻譯中顯得尤為重要。由于一個(gè)已背離了最初表達(dá)思想與意義的翻譯,即使其在說(shuō)話的斟酌中表現(xiàn)出了再高的程度,其所具備的代價(jià)和意義已大打折扣。所以,通過(guò)這種還原法的翻譯技巧,可以最大限度地維持信息傳遞的真實(shí)度。在進(jìn)行還原的進(jìn)程中,同時(shí)需要牢記的是,不要從譯者的主觀思路進(jìn)行考量,所要的縮略詞的使用和翻譯應(yīng)該基于其本原的含義。這一點(diǎn)要借助專業(yè)的辭書及手冊(cè),保證其翻譯的真實(shí)性。通過(guò)這種還原法進(jìn)行翻譯,可以使商務(wù)合同的閱讀者更好地知曉合同的內(nèi)容,從而避免因?yàn)榭s略詞的指代關(guān)系的不明確而導(dǎo)致句子含義表達(dá)的不通暢。

      (二)替代法

      商務(wù)合同的翻譯,尤其是在涉及相關(guān)的文化產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易的翻譯時(shí),一些縮略詞在選擇與使用的進(jìn)程中,缺乏對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言及相關(guān)認(rèn)知心理的把握與權(quán)衡。因此,在此類縮略詞的翻譯時(shí),要在保證其縮略詞的根基表達(dá)內(nèi)在不走樣的前提下,經(jīng)由過(guò)程替代的體例進(jìn)行更加得體的表達(dá)。這種表達(dá)是處于交流的需要。從這個(gè)思路來(lái)分析,無(wú)論是商務(wù)合同中縮略詞的翻譯,還是日常英語(yǔ)的翻譯,語(yǔ)言之間由于存在著客觀的差距,將直接影響著語(yǔ)言表達(dá)者的需求。因此,在沒(méi)有一一對(duì)應(yīng)的縮略詞的翻譯時(shí),要從表達(dá)文化的現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求出發(fā),將說(shuō)話的內(nèi)在來(lái)源根基,進(jìn)行有用的替代與對(duì)接。這種對(duì)接也是縮略詞商務(wù)合同發(fā)展中的一個(gè)非常重要的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。不夸大的是,這類表達(dá)的意義的替換是一個(gè)比較大的工程,其所必要的不是某一個(gè),或者是某一類縮略詞的替換,因此,從商務(wù)翻譯的久遠(yuǎn)角度進(jìn)行斟酌,進(jìn)行體系與完整的清算與歸納是將來(lái)這類替換翻譯技能實(shí)行的一個(gè)首要的標(biāo)的。

      例如,在相關(guān)的商務(wù)合同的翻譯中,難免涉及一些國(guó)際性質(zhì)的組織。因?yàn)橹形鞣皆诜g的基礎(chǔ)上存在著必然的傾向性,所以,將這種語(yǔ)言層面的傾向性進(jìn)行很好的規(guī)避的一個(gè)非常重要的方式就是進(jìn)行替代法的翻譯。通過(guò)這種替代翻譯的方法,就可以達(dá)到很好的理解效果,繼而促進(jìn)商務(wù)談判活動(dòng)的進(jìn)行。

      (三)格式翻譯法

      第二篇:商務(wù)英文合同的句式特點(diǎn)及翻譯

      [摘要] 在合同中較多使用復(fù)合句能夠?qū)⒏鞣降臋?quán)利和義務(wù)在有限的條款中完整明確地體現(xiàn)出來(lái),確保合同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,以及文意的嚴(yán)密、細(xì)致,但也增加了合同翻譯的難度。本文分析了英文合同法律文件中復(fù)雜句的特點(diǎn),提出了在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成分的基礎(chǔ)上,采用順序法、逆序法及分譯法翻譯進(jìn)行翻譯的策略。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 合同法律文件復(fù)雜句翻譯

      我國(guó)與世界各國(guó)雙邊貿(mào)易日趨頻繁,使得合同翻譯成為一項(xiàng)必不可少的工作程序。合同是當(dāng)事人之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事法律關(guān)系的協(xié)議。因此,合同翻譯至關(guān)重要,其內(nèi)容直接影響合同雙方的利益。如何做好合同法律文件的翻譯,保證中方的利益不因合同文本的翻譯而招致?lián)p失越發(fā)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的意義。其中,由于合同的嚴(yán)肅,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),嚴(yán)密性,導(dǎo)致復(fù)合句的應(yīng)用較多,而結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句的翻譯恰是保證整體翻譯效果和準(zhǔn)確性的關(guān)鍵。

      一、要翻譯好結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句,首先要了解商務(wù)英文合同的句式特點(diǎn)

      商務(wù)合同作為一種實(shí)用文體,在詞匯使用方而具有與其他文體不同的特,如用詞正式規(guī)范,大量使用商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)、法律術(shù)語(yǔ)及其他具有法律語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的正式詞語(yǔ)。因而商務(wù)合同的翻譯要求譯者具有一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)。在句式結(jié)構(gòu)方面,商務(wù)合同也與其他文體迥異。商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)常不以易于理解為目的,大量使用復(fù)合句。究其根源,還是源于商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)的文體屬性。作為法律文書,商務(wù)合同規(guī)定各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù),合同文字的表達(dá)必須完整、細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、明晰。而英語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句,可以包含多個(gè)從句。從句之間的關(guān)系可能包容、限定,也可能并列平行,因此,在合同中較多使用復(fù)合句能夠?qū)⒏鞣降臋?quán)利和義務(wù)在有限的條款中完整明確地體現(xiàn)出來(lái),確保合同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,以及文意的嚴(yán)密、細(xì)致。但是復(fù)合句中往往包含若干從句、修飾語(yǔ)等等,有時(shí)會(huì)顯得臃腫、晦澀,無(wú)疑會(huì)增加理解英文合同的難度,與此同時(shí)也增加了合同翻譯的難度。

      二、要掌握商務(wù)英文合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法

      商務(wù)合同中英文復(fù)合句的出現(xiàn)頻率高,句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,邏輯性強(qiáng),無(wú)疑給譯者增添了許多困難,但是,無(wú)論多長(zhǎng)的句子,多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清了合同原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu),找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及各層意思,然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系,再按漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式組織譯文就可以保證合同翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。合同復(fù)合句的分析方法具體要遵循以下步驟:首先,譯者要找出全句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),即句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu),其次,要找出句子中所有的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞,然后再分析從句和短句的功能,即:是否是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句等,以及詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間的關(guān)系。最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配,插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。例1:

      If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or underApplicableLaws,itshallindemnifyandkeep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.分析:

      第一步,拆分句子:

      此長(zhǎng)句可拆分為四個(gè)意義段,分別是

      1)If a Party breaches …in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.22)then in addition to …Applicable laws

      3)it shall indemnify and …costs,expenses,liabilities and claims

      4)that such Party or …as a result of suchbreach.第二步,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析:

      1.句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)(It)+(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形)(shall indemnify and keep indemnified…against)+賓語(yǔ)(the other Party and the Company)。

      2.“if”引導(dǎo)的是條件從句,條件句的賓語(yǔ)部分跟隨后置定語(yǔ)(given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2)。

      3.“in addition to”引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分,其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語(yǔ)(available to the otherPartyunderthiscontract orunderApplicablelaws)。

      4.而“that”引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。

      5.固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb.Against …”使某人不受……

      根據(jù)以上分析,以及漢語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣(條件在前.結(jié)果在后,以及定語(yǔ)在所修飾的核心詞之前),以上條款可翻譯為:如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第18.1條或18.2條所做的陳述及擔(dān)?;蛑厥?,則另一方除根據(jù)本合同或相關(guān)法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外,違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營(yíng)公司因此種違反而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開(kāi)支、責(zé)任或索賠。

      在對(duì)長(zhǎng)句進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,商務(wù)合同長(zhǎng)句具體翻譯方法又可細(xì)分為二種:即,順序法、逆序法和分譯法。

      (1)順序法。所謂順序法就是按照原文的順序組織譯文。在商務(wù)合同中,當(dāng)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句陳述的是一連串的動(dòng)作并按發(fā)生的時(shí)間安排或邏輯關(guān)系排列時(shí),此類長(zhǎng)句與漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式較一致,可按原文的順序譯出。

      例2:

      In the event that the Company's operations are reduced substantially from the scale of operation originally anticipated by the parties,or the Company experience substantial and continuing losses resulting in negative retained earnings not anticipated by the Parties in the agreed Business Plan, or in any other circumstance permitted under Applicable Laws or agreed by the Parties,the Parties may agree to reduce the registered capital of the Company on a pro rata basis.上述句子的邏輯關(guān)系非常清楚,即:三個(gè)假設(shè)條件,一個(gè)結(jié)論,表達(dá)順序與漢語(yǔ)一致。因此,可按照原文的語(yǔ)序進(jìn)行翻譯。參考譯文:如果合營(yíng)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模比雙方原來(lái)預(yù)期的規(guī)模有大幅度縮減,或合營(yíng)公司持續(xù)遭受嚴(yán)重虧損,導(dǎo)致雙方商定的業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃中所未預(yù)期的盈余保留負(fù)數(shù),或在任何相關(guān)法律允許或雙方一致同意的情況下,雙方可以協(xié)議按原有出資比例減資。

      (2)逆序法。所謂逆序法就是逆著原文的順序翻譯。在商務(wù)合同中,有些英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不同,甚至語(yǔ)序完全相反。因此,根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,譯者必須從原文句子的后面譯起。由于譯文句子的前后與原文句子的前后相比,有倒置現(xiàn)象,因此,逆序法又稱為“倒置法”。

      例3:

      The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due toForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocess of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit。

      這里原文的行文方式是把信息的重心放在句首,先表明賣方的免責(zé)事項(xiàng)(The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods),接著再規(guī)定由于什么原因引起的不能交貨或延遲交貨才會(huì)免責(zé)(due to Force Majeure)。而對(duì)不可抗力又做了限定

      (which might occurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourse of loading or transit)。而按照漢民族的思維習(xí)慣往往是先談原因再講結(jié)論。因此翻譯時(shí)譯者應(yīng)采用逆序的方法將原文表示免責(zé)條件的“duetoForceMajeure,whichmight…ofloadingortransit” 移到句首。再者, 英語(yǔ)中的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(即本句中的which might occur...of loading or transit)翻譯成中文時(shí)要么仍翻譯成定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的詞之前,要么處理為別的成分。根據(jù)以上分析,原文可翻譯為:凡在制造或裝船運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中,因不可抗力致使賣方不能或推遲交貨時(shí),賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。

      (3)分譯法。分譯法就是將原文一個(gè)句子分成幾個(gè)句子來(lái)翻譯,或者將其中某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的修飾成分單獨(dú)翻譯成一句或幾句。這是由于在商務(wù)合同中有些句子過(guò)長(zhǎng),又含有多層意思,而主句和從句或主句與修飾語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系又不十分緊密,如果采用一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子對(duì)原文進(jìn)行翻譯,容易導(dǎo)致句義混亂,這種情況下,譯者可以把長(zhǎng)句中的從句或短語(yǔ)化為句子分開(kāi)來(lái)翻譯。這樣做也符合漢語(yǔ)多用短句的習(xí)慣,同時(shí)也可以使句子意思表達(dá)得更清楚明了。例4:

      EitherPartymayterminate thecontract incase of failure on the part of the other Party to fulfill or perform any of its obligations hereunder and in the event that such failure remains unremediedsixty(60)days after the service of a written noticeas described in Article X below by the non-defaulting Party to the other Party specifying the failure in question andrequiring it to be remedied.原文是商務(wù)合同中有關(guān)期限和終止的條款,按照先講結(jié)論,即合同任一方具有的權(quán)利(Either Party may terminate the contract)然后再列舉實(shí)施此權(quán)利的條件(in case of failure...and in the eventthat...)的順序行文,而漢民族的行文習(xí)慣往往是先條件后結(jié)論,所以譯文在整體上應(yīng)采用逆序法。但,即:違約行為60天內(nèi)未改正,60天是從無(wú)責(zé)任方書面通知送達(dá)之日算起,書面通知中無(wú)責(zé)任方已指出對(duì)方違約行為并要求其改正等等。如不對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分解,則可能導(dǎo)致句義混亂。因此,翻譯此句時(shí)應(yīng)采用拆譯法,以期將原文意思表述清楚。參考譯文:如果一方未完成或未履行其在本合同項(xiàng)下的任何義務(wù),而且未按照下述第X條規(guī)定在另一方向其送達(dá)書面通知,指出其違約行為并要求其予以改正后六十(60)天內(nèi),其仍未子以改正,另一方則可以終止本合同。

      商務(wù)英文合同為了在有限的條款中完整、明確地表達(dá)合同各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù),大量使用信息包涵量大的復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句,給譯者造成一定困難。但不管遇到何種類型的長(zhǎng)句,譯者都可在對(duì)原句進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)行文習(xí)慣,采用順序法、逆序法,以及分譯法或同時(shí)采用幾種方法的方式,準(zhǔn)確翻譯原文。

      參考文獻(xiàn):

      [1]張新紅等:商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯(英譯漢)[M].北京:高等教育出社,2003

      [2]傅偉良:合同法律文件翻譯談[J].中國(guó)翻譯,2002,(5)

      [3]肖石樞:英漢法律術(shù)語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、詞源及翻譯[J].中國(guó)翻譯,2001,(3)

      [4]陳建平:經(jīng)貿(mào)合同英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言特征及其翻譯[J].中國(guó)翻譯,2005,(7)

      第三篇:商務(wù)合同翻譯

      1)為了便于甲方及時(shí)開(kāi)展工作,乙方應(yīng)于2009年12月31日前將第一批寄售貨物運(yùn)到甲方處。在2010年3月十五日左右,甲、乙雙方應(yīng)就剩下的寄售期限可能銷量達(dá)成共識(shí)。

      In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一個(gè)月內(nèi),甲方將按合同單價(jià)把已售出的貨物以美元形式全額匯給乙方。如果有銷售額總額超過(guò)15萬(wàn)美元的情況,甲方應(yīng)在一月內(nèi)將銷售款以美元形式匯給乙方。

      Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)裝配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方運(yùn)至廣州。如有零部件短少或破損,甲方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)充替換。

      甲方應(yīng)于成品交運(yùn)1個(gè)月前開(kāi)出不可撤銷的信用證以支付全部裝配費(fèi)和乙方在廣州購(gòu)買零件、消耗品和部件的費(fèi)用。

      The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4)一切與本合同有關(guān)的進(jìn)出口手續(xù),均由乙方辦理。

      乙方將所裝配的晶體管收音機(jī)運(yùn)交甲方指定的外國(guó)買主。有關(guān)運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)由甲方負(fù)擔(dān)。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party

      B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5)晶體管收音機(jī)的商標(biāo)由甲方供給,如有法律糾紛,甲方應(yīng)負(fù)完全責(zé)任。

      如因裝配需要,由乙方在廣州購(gòu)買的零部件必須達(dá)到品質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并應(yīng)事先經(jīng)過(guò)甲方核準(zhǔn)。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6)本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效,到聘期屆滿時(shí)失效。如一方要求延長(zhǎng)聘期,必須在合同期滿前一個(gè)月用書面向?qū)Ψ教岢觯?jīng)雙方協(xié)商同意后另簽延聘合同。

      This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other

      party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7)公司為一有限責(zé)任公司及在中華人民共和國(guó)法律下的法人,公司的所有活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國(guó)頒布的法律、法令及條例,公司的所有合法權(quán)益及利益受中華人民共和國(guó)的法律管轄及保護(hù)。

      The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8)合營(yíng)的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的義務(wù),違約一方得賠償另一方因此而遭受的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

      在合營(yíng)期限內(nèi),雙方都無(wú)權(quán)單方面宣布撤銷或終止本合同。

      If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9)公司注冊(cè)資本為9000萬(wàn)美元。由中方在簽約后30天內(nèi)提供土地使用權(quán)。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供辦公樓、廠房、必須的設(shè)備、設(shè)備、機(jī)器、工具、儀器、工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)、非專利技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)資金、流動(dòng)資金等。

      The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10)如因不可抗力事件使公司無(wú)法繼續(xù)營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí),本協(xié)議可通過(guò)雙方協(xié)商予以提前終止。如果中方或外方想要把本協(xié)議規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)進(jìn)行全部或部分轉(zhuǎn)讓,另一方有優(yōu)先購(gòu)買權(quán)。轉(zhuǎn)讓必須得到審批機(jī)關(guān)的批準(zhǔn)。

      In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保證期內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)交的設(shè)備有缺陷,投資人必須按中方的要求,及時(shí)適當(dāng)解決

      In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request

      12)在上述情況下,該缺點(diǎn)經(jīng)鑒定是由于中方操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,搬運(yùn)不當(dāng)或某一物品的消耗所致,則投資人應(yīng)要求中方支付實(shí)際運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用

      In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption

      13)在投資人派遣工程師的任務(wù)完成以后,中方如有必要仍可要求投資人繼續(xù)給以技術(shù)支持,但投資人應(yīng)要求中方為這種增加的合作支付費(fèi)用,合作的條款由雙方將來(lái)討論約定。

      Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future

      14)乙方確認(rèn)由其所生產(chǎn)的許可證產(chǎn)品必須嚴(yán)格按照甲方所提供的設(shè)計(jì),圖紙及規(guī)格生產(chǎn),除依第C條第一款規(guī)定的修改內(nèi)容以外,在任何情況下許可證產(chǎn)品均具備與 所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品相同的質(zhì)量與運(yùn)動(dòng)性能。如果乙方未嚴(yán)格依照甲方的設(shè)計(jì),圖紙及規(guī)格生產(chǎn),則甲方對(duì)于乙方的許可證產(chǎn)品不承擔(dān)任何擔(dān)保責(zé)任。

      15)GTT是中方和投資人之間的橋梁GTT應(yīng)協(xié)助中方用展銷會(huì),研討會(huì),技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等辦法在中國(guó)銷售產(chǎn)品GTT應(yīng)在產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)合格時(shí)考慮把這些產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲和非洲

      1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR

      2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect

      3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory

      16)如果初次檢驗(yàn)不合格應(yīng)進(jìn)行第二次檢驗(yàn),如果第二次檢驗(yàn)仍不合格,則投資人贏在2個(gè)月內(nèi)自費(fèi)調(diào)換有關(guān)設(shè)備如果檢驗(yàn)合格,雙方應(yīng)簽署檢驗(yàn)證明書一式二份,雙方各執(zhí)一份

      1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text

      2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy

      17)本合同的訂立,效力,解釋,執(zhí)行及由其引起爭(zhēng)議的解決均適用中華人民共和國(guó)頒布的法律,法令,和條例規(guī)定

      The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china

      18)受聘方的工作時(shí)間每周5天,每天7小時(shí),受聘方按照中國(guó),澳大利亞兩國(guó)政府規(guī)定的節(jié)假日放假,寒假按本校校歷規(guī)定。

      The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf

      19)聘方每月支付給受聘方工資2000澳元,并按照澳大利亞政府對(duì)在澳工作的外籍教師的規(guī)定提供各種福利待遇

      The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia

      20)受聘方在入境,離境,或過(guò)境時(shí),必須遵守澳大利亞政府有關(guān)外國(guó)人居住,工資福利以及旅行等的法律,規(guī)章,并遵守聘方的工作制度。

      The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party

      21)雙方均不得無(wú)故撤銷合同如果聘方要求中途終止合同,除按上述條款承擔(dān)工資福利待遇外,需給受聘方增發(fā)3個(gè)月的工資作為補(bǔ)償金,并于1個(gè)月內(nèi)安排受聘方及其家屬回國(guó)并承擔(dān)有關(guān)費(fèi)用

      若受聘方中途提出辭職,聘方自同意之日起即停發(fā)工資,受聘方不再享受各項(xiàng)福利待遇,受聘方及其家屬回國(guó)的一切費(fèi)用均由本人自理

      Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it

      22)乙方在簽約后15天內(nèi),為加工設(shè)備開(kāi)出以甲方為受益人的銀行承兌信用證,其金額不得少于2220萬(wàn)日元,見(jiàn)票180天付款。這份信用證,只有在乙方收到甲方為蘆筍罐頭對(duì)開(kāi)的信用證后才能生效,甲方在收到這份信用證后,應(yīng)及時(shí)裝運(yùn)加工設(shè)備,提供本協(xié)議第七條所需的單證和180天到期的匯票,以便取得他的銀行承兌。

      Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance

      23)乙方將向甲方提供上述貨物在香港和日本市場(chǎng)的市級(jí)零售價(jià)以供甲方參考,乙方無(wú)權(quán)干涉甲方的銷售價(jià),銷售場(chǎng)所,和銷售辦法,但有權(quán)提出積極地建議,甲方有責(zé)任向乙方提交銷售報(bào)告(包括零售價(jià))銷售過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和為提高銷售額而提出的建議,乙方應(yīng)向甲方提供各種有利于銷售(包括免費(fèi)樣品,試銷貨物,化妝品促銷資料,技術(shù)交流和有貯存條件等)便利。

      Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling

      price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.

      第四篇:商務(wù)合同翻譯

      ? Tranlation of Business Contract

      一、商務(wù)合同概述

      ? A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.? 在由Steven H.Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中,contract被定義為 “a promise, or a set

      of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”

      ? 合同是一種承諾,違反承諾可以得到法律救助,在某種意義上,法律將履行該承諾

      看作是一種補(bǔ)償。綜上可見(jiàn),合同是平等主體之間設(shè)立的確定民事權(quán)利和義務(wù)的法律協(xié)議。

      ? 合同英語(yǔ)屬于莊重文體(the frozen style),是各種英語(yǔ)文體中正式程度最高的一種。

      總體來(lái)說(shuō),這種正式性體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的專業(yè)性、語(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性等方面。合同種類

      ? 正式合同 Contract(P197)

      ? 協(xié)議書 Agreement

      ? 確議書 Confirmation

      ? 備忘錄 Memorandum

      ? 訂單 Order

      ? 意向書 Letter of intent

      二、商務(wù)合同的構(gòu)成部分

      一.約首(the head)

      1.合同名稱 Title

      2.前文(前言)Preamble

      1)Date of signing

      2)Signing parties

      3)Each party’s authority 當(dāng)事人的合法依據(jù)

      4)Place of signing

      5)Recitalsor WHEREAS clause 定約緣由

      二.本文(Body)

      ① 定義條款(Definition clause)

      ② 基本條款(Basic conditions)

      ③ 一般條款(General terms and conditions)

      a.合同有效期限(Duration)

      b.終止(Termination)

      c.不可抗力(Force Majeure)

      d.合同的讓與(Assignment)

      e.仲裁(Arbitration)

      f.適用法律(governing law)

      g.訴訟管轄(Jurisdiction)

      h.通知手續(xù)(Notice)

      i.合同的修改(Amendment)

      j.其他(Others)

      三.約尾(the tail)

      ① 結(jié)尾語(yǔ)包括合同的份數(shù)、使用的文字和效力等(Concluding sentence)

      ② 簽名(Signature)

      ③ 蓋印(Seal)

      三、Features of legal documents

      1.common words with unusual meaning

      ?action訴訟alienation轉(zhuǎn)讓 avoid取消 counterpart有同等效力的副本

      ? Prejudice提案 save除了vacation休庭期間 limitation時(shí)效 minor未成年人

      ? review審查案件,復(fù)審 tort侵權(quán)

      Eg.1.Thank you for your consideration.?No consideration, no contract.合同無(wú)對(duì)價(jià)不成立。

      Eg.2.The testator died without issue.立遺囑人死亡時(shí)沒(méi)有子嗣.?The parties could not agree on the issue.?The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.2.Old English

      To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here,there, or where

      ? Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后

      ? Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此

      ? Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 從而, 由此

      ? Therefrom: from that從那里

      Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in

      Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows.鑒于甲方愿聘請(qǐng)乙方,乙方同意應(yīng)聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協(xié)議如下:

      In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree

      as follows.雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協(xié)議, 同意如下條款.3.Use the synonymous word with its relevant words

      ? Terms and conditions 條件 null and void 無(wú)效free and clear of 無(wú)

      ?able and willing 能夠并愿意any duties, obligations or liabilities所有責(zé)任

      ? applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives,and rules 適用法律法規(guī)

      ?charges, fees, costs and expenses 各種費(fèi)用any and all 全部

      ?covenants and agreements 合同,協(xié)議customs and usages 慣例

      ? import duty and tax 進(jìn)口稅捐keep secret and confidential保密

      ? licenses and permits 許可packing and wrapping expenses 包裝費(fèi)

      ? rights and interests 權(quán)益settle claims and debts 清理債務(wù)

      ? ships and vessels 船只sign and issue 簽發(fā)

      ? support and maintenance 維護(hù)use and wont習(xí)慣,慣例

      1)This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協(xié)議。

      2)All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the

      signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the

      Contract comes into force.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報(bào)和電傳,應(yīng)從本合同生效之日開(kāi)始自動(dòng)失效。

      4.Latinate words

      ?alibi—不在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)ad hoc – 專門地de facto---事實(shí)上的?bona fide---真誠(chéng)的alias---別名 versus---對(duì),訴

      eg.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.?他提供了謀殺案發(fā)生時(shí)不在場(chǎng)證明。

      ?他證實(shí)在謀殺案發(fā)生時(shí),他不在場(chǎng)。

      5.Formal words

      ? Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions

      1)At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist/help Party B to install

      the equipment.應(yīng)乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技術(shù)員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備

      2)Party A shall send back/repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to

      Beijing.甲方應(yīng)將病人遣返中國(guó),負(fù)責(zé)病人回到北京的旅費(fèi)。

      Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be/ be regarded as a material breach of this

      agreement.?未能按上述要求通知甲方的,則視為構(gòu)成實(shí)質(zhì)違約。

      Enclosed is our new Quotation NO.475 in lieu of/in place of the previous one.?隨附我公司第475號(hào)報(bào)價(jià)替代前發(fā)的報(bào)價(jià)單。

      Prices are subject to change/alteration with or without notice.?不管是否事先通知,價(jià)格可隨時(shí)變動(dòng)。

      憲法優(yōu)先于其他一切法律

      ? Constitution is before/ prior to all other laws.? 任何一方不得在不預(yù)先通知的情況下終止合同

      ?Either party shall not terminate /stop the contract without notice in advance.–Terminate, stopcommence, begin

      – be deemed to,be regarded asin lieu of, in place of

      – prior to, beforewhatsoever, whatever

      – accomplish, doadditional, extraacquire, get

      – alteration,changeapplication, useassistance, help

      注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞語(yǔ)的法律內(nèi)涵

      ? May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞的確很常見(jiàn),但是在合同中這些

      詞具有特殊的意義,所以翻譯起來(lái)要極其謹(jǐn)慎,避免引起糾紛。

      a.May:在表示合同上的權(quán)利(Right)、權(quán)限(Power)或特權(quán)(Privilege)的場(chǎng)合中

      使用。若表示某種權(quán)利在法律上具有強(qiáng)制性的時(shí)候,更多的是“be entitled”。

      b.Shall:在合同中并不是單純的將來(lái)時(shí),一般用它來(lái)表示法律上可以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的義務(wù)

      (Obligation)。如未履行,即視為違約,并構(gòu)成某種賠償責(zé)任。所以,shall在譯文里,通常

      表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”,當(dāng)然,也有不翻譯的時(shí)候。例如:

      ? The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in

      the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.? 貨物的質(zhì)量和價(jià)格必須使進(jìn)出口雙方都能接受。

      ? The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of

      the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.? 本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行和爭(zhēng)議的解決均受中華人民共和國(guó)法律的管轄。

      shall沒(méi)有譯出。

      c.Should:在合同中通常只用來(lái)表示語(yǔ)氣較弱的假設(shè),多翻譯成“萬(wàn)一”或“如果”,極少譯成“應(yīng)該”。

      ? The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman.Should the

      chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the

      board meeting.? 董事會(huì)會(huì)議應(yīng)由董事長(zhǎng)召集、主持;若董事長(zhǎng)缺席,原則上應(yīng)由副董事長(zhǎng)召集、主

      持。

      ? The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with

      the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be

      referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the

      absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement

      reached after such dispute occurs.? 雙方首先應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商,解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議。如果協(xié)商未

      果,合同中又無(wú)仲裁條款約定或爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成協(xié)議的,可將爭(zhēng)議提交有

      管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。

      d.Will:一般使用在沒(méi)有法律強(qiáng)制的情況下,也用做表示承擔(dān)義務(wù)的聲明,但語(yǔ)氣和

      強(qiáng)制力比Shall弱。

      e.May not(或shall not):用于禁止性義務(wù),即“不得做什么”。

      ? 6.Terminology

      ?cause of action案由defendant 被告appeal 上訴

      ? damages損失,賠償金force majeure不可抗力 …

      Indemnity n.a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged;賠償?shù)谋WC

      repayment for this;賠償金

      An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of

      damaged goods賠償物

      e.g.to arrange an ~ against loss辦理?yè)p失賠償

      to demand an ~ for the delayed payment因延期付款要求賠償

      Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of awar as a condition of peace is an ~.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí),戰(zhàn)勝國(guó)作為和平條件索取之款項(xiàng)稱為“賠款”。

      Infringement: violation n.違反;違背;侵犯;侵害

      Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to

      be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不可抗力的因素,交易未能完成。

      Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a

      court of law.仲裁(通過(guò)中立的第三方不通過(guò)法庭解決糾紛)

      e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by ~.他們決定通過(guò)仲裁解決爭(zhēng)議。

      Translation requirements

      ?1.Adequate & precise

      ?Eg.Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and

      complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the

      contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.?除法律或條件不允許的情況之外,承包方應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按合同施工和竣工,并改進(jìn)工作中的任何缺陷,達(dá)到工程師滿意的程度。

      ?Party A shall send technicians atParty B’s expense to train Party B’s personnel withindays after signing the Contract.? 甲方應(yīng)于簽約后三十天內(nèi)派遣技術(shù)員培訓(xùn)乙方的人員,有關(guān)費(fèi)用由乙方承擔(dān)。

      ?This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with

      documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.?本合同的修改補(bǔ)充應(yīng)有雙方授權(quán)代表簽名蓋章的文件,才能進(jìn)行

      ?合營(yíng)企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國(guó)法律、法令和有關(guān)條例規(guī)定。

      ?All the activities of the joint venture, shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Republic of China.? 拘役的期限,為十五日以上六個(gè)月以下。

      ?A term of criminal detention shall not be less than 15 days and no more than 6 months.2、expressiveness & smoothness

      ?合同文本是一種法律文件,屬于莊嚴(yán)性文體。翻譯商務(wù)合同時(shí)還應(yīng)該把規(guī)范通

      順視為另一大原則。所謂“規(guī)范”,是指譯文必須符合法律語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn),盡量體現(xiàn)出

      契約文體的特點(diǎn)。而所謂“通順”,是指譯文應(yīng)當(dāng)符合漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法要求,使譯文清晰

      易懂。

      ? During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the

      two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution

      of the Contract.原譯:在合同生效之日起到合同終止之日的期間內(nèi),雙方每年舉行一次會(huì)議,討論合同

      發(fā)行中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。

      ? 原文在理解上沒(méi)有什么特別困難的地方,譯文意思也算正確,但只對(duì)原文逐字逐句

      翻譯,顯得呆板,改譯為:

      ? 本合同有效期間,雙方應(yīng)每年正式會(huì)晤一次,以討論本合同履行期間存在的問(wèn)題。

      ? The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment,six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed

      upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than

      one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.? 原譯:提單的日期應(yīng)為交貨日期的最后證明。雙方允許交貨比約定的時(shí)間早交或遲

      交六天。一次訂貨多于一批裝運(yùn),那么,每批貨應(yīng)被當(dāng)作是合同的單獨(dú)買賣。

      ? 原譯文表達(dá)累贅,結(jié)構(gòu)松散,不合乎漢語(yǔ)契約文體的簡(jiǎn)約風(fēng)格。改譯為:

      ? 交貨日期以提單所載日期為準(zhǔn),雙方同意在合同約定的交貨期的基礎(chǔ)上,允許有前

      后六天的裝運(yùn)寬限期。若一次訂貨分批裝運(yùn),則每一批貨為合同項(xiàng)下的單獨(dú) 買賣。

      ? One-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed,one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills

      when the goods have arrived.? 合同簽訂時(shí)先預(yù)付貨款總額的三分之一,裝船后憑跟單匯票再付三分之一,剩余的三分之一在貨物抵達(dá)時(shí)憑光票一次性付清。

      ? 譯文充分利用添加的橫線部分充分表明了原條款的三個(gè)付款階段:交貨前、交貨時(shí)、交貨后,使得層次清楚,表達(dá)通順。

      合同的訂立、生效和履行

      ? 1.This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.?此合同一式二份,由雙方各持一正本。

      ? 2.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.? 本合同未盡事宜,可由雙方增補(bǔ)作為合同附件。

      ? 3.本合同一式四份(正副本各兩份)自簽署后生效

      ? The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which

      shall become valid on the date of signature.? 4.本合同為中英文兩種文本,兩種文本具有同等效力。本合同一式兩份。自雙方簽

      字(蓋章)之日起生效。

      ? This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which

      shall be deemed equally authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed by

      both parties.?5.Unless the terms or context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used in this

      Contract shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A hereto.? 除本合同條款或上下文另有所指,本合同中所有相關(guān)用語(yǔ)的定義見(jiàn)附錄甲。

      ?6.it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations

      hereunder;

      ? 該方有全權(quán)訂立本合同以及履行本合同項(xiàng)下義務(wù);

      2.Modification

      ? 7.債務(wù)人將合同的義務(wù)全部或者部分轉(zhuǎn)接給第三方的,應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)債權(quán)人同意。

      ?If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a

      third party, consent shall be obtained from the creditor.?Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a

      third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.? 8.債權(quán)人轉(zhuǎn)讓權(quán)利的,應(yīng)當(dāng)通知債務(wù)人。未經(jīng)通知,該轉(zhuǎn)讓對(duì)債務(wù)人不發(fā)生效力。

      ?Any transfer of rights by a creditor shall be notified to the debtor.The transfer

      shall not bind the debtor without such notification.?Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor.Such assignment will

      have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.3.Termination of contracts

      ? 9.This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by the

      mutual written contract of the Parties.? 本合同期限屆滿之前,雙方可通過(guò)書面協(xié)議隨時(shí)終止本合同。

      ? 10.This Contract shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended

      pursuant to Article.(Term).? 本合同于合同到期日終止,除非雙方按照第[]條(合同期限的續(xù)展)的規(guī)定續(xù)約。

      ? 11.當(dāng)事人可以約定一方解除合同的條件。解除合同的條件成就時(shí),解除權(quán)人可以

      解除合同。

      ?The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the

      contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate

      may terminate the contract.? 12.Termination of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any

      right of action vested in either Party at the date of termination.? 本協(xié)議無(wú)論因何原因終止,不得損害任何一方在終止協(xié)議時(shí)的任何的行動(dòng)權(quán)利。

      ? 13.合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)終止,不影響合同中結(jié)算和清理?xiàng)l款的效力。

      ? The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of

      clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.4.Liability for Breach of Contract

      ? 14.當(dāng)事人雙方都違反合同的,應(yīng)當(dāng)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。

      ? If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.? 15.If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or its performance fails to

      satisfy the terms of the contract, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as to continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.? 當(dāng)事人一方不履行合同義務(wù)或者履行合同義務(wù)不符合約定的,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)繼續(xù)履行、采取補(bǔ)救措施或者賠償損失等違約責(zé)任。

      ? 5.Applicable law and dispute resolution

      ? 16.Where other laws provide otherwise in respect of a contract, such provisions shall

      prevail.? 其他法律對(duì)合同另有規(guī)定的,依照其規(guī)定。

      ? 17.本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行受中華人民共和國(guó)法律的管轄。

      ? The formation, validity, interpretation and execution in respect of this contract shall be

      governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China.? 18.仲裁裁決是終局的,對(duì)雙方都有約束力。

      ?The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.

      第五篇:合同翻譯技巧

      合同翻譯技巧

      實(shí)踐證明,英譯合同中容易出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)的地方,一般來(lái)說(shuō),不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關(guān)鍵的細(xì)目.比如:金錢、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等。為了避免出差錯(cuò),在英譯合同時(shí),常常使用一些有限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)界定細(xì)目所指定的確切范圍。

      3.1.限定責(zé)任

      眾所周知,合同中要明確規(guī)定雙方的責(zé)任。為英譯出雙方責(zé)任的權(quán)限與范圍,常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)?,F(xiàn)把最常用的此類結(jié)構(gòu)舉例說(shuō)明如下。

      3.1.1 and/or

      常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內(nèi)容,這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。

      例 1:如果上述貨物對(duì)船舶和(或)船上其它貨物造成任何損害,托運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)全責(zé)。

      The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between

      常用 by and between 強(qiáng)調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂的,因此雙方必須嚴(yán)格履行合同于的責(zé)任。

      例 2:買賣雙方同意按下述條款購(gòu)買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。

      This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2.限定時(shí)間

      英譯與時(shí)間有關(guān)的文字,都應(yīng)非常嚴(yán)格慎重地處理,因?yàn)楹贤瑢?duì)時(shí)間的要求是準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。所以英譯起止時(shí)間時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)限定準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。

      3.2.1 雙介詞

      用雙介詞英譯含當(dāng)天日期在內(nèi)的起止時(shí)間。

      例 3;自 9 月 2O 日起,甲方已無(wú)權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。

      Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 4:我公司的條件是,3 個(gè)月內(nèi),即不得晚于 5 月 1 日,支付現(xiàn)金。

      Our terms are cash within three months, i.e.on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than

      用“not(no)later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。

      例5:本合同簽字之日一個(gè)月內(nèi),即不遲于 12 月 15 日,你方須將貨物裝船。

      Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e.not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相應(yīng)形式

      常用 include 的相應(yīng)形式:inclusive、including 和 included,來(lái)限定含當(dāng)日在內(nèi)的時(shí)間。

      例 6:本證在北京議付,有效期至 1 月 1 日。

      This credit expires till January 1(inclusive)for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1 月 1 日在內(nèi),英譯為 till and not including January 1。

      3.3.限定金額

      為避免金額數(shù)量的差漏、偽造或涂改,英譯時(shí)常用以下措施嚴(yán)格把關(guān)。

      3.3.1.大寫文字重復(fù)金額

      英譯金額須在小寫之后,在括號(hào)內(nèi)用大寫文字重復(fù)該金額,即使原文合同中沒(méi)有大寫,英譯時(shí)也有必 要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”,意為“大寫”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思為“整”。必須注意:小寫與大寫的金額數(shù)量要一致。

      例 7:聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。

      Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500(SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正確使用貨幣符號(hào)

      英譯金額必須注意區(qū)分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號(hào)?!?”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣;而“£”不僅代表“英鎊”,又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。

      必須注意:當(dāng)金額用數(shù)字書寫時(shí),金額數(shù)字必須緊靠貨幣符號(hào),例如:Can $891,568,不能寫成:Can $ 891,568。另外,翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數(shù)點(diǎn)(.)還是分節(jié)號(hào)(,),因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)符號(hào)極易引起筆誤,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪設(shè)想的。

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