第一篇:英文合同句型翻譯技巧匯總
英文合同句型翻譯技巧匯總
英文合同中使用的大量長(zhǎng)句,主要分為三大類(lèi):簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)合長(zhǎng)句和并列長(zhǎng)句。在翻譯這些長(zhǎng)句時(shí),首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系,然后再適當(dāng)切分,理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,變動(dòng)語(yǔ)序,重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。
☆簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯
在翻譯英文商務(wù)合同中的簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句時(shí),首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系;然后再適當(dāng)切分,理出句子的主干成分,翻譯時(shí)以句子的主干為主導(dǎo);最后再按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,變動(dòng)語(yǔ)序,重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。下面舉三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句翻譯的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明:
1. The Buyers may,within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination,lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句,其主干為T(mén)he Buyers may?lodge a claim?。
修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)有三個(gè),a.分別表示時(shí)間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination
b.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和
c.目的for short-weight
而且狀語(yǔ)中還有狀語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)的分詞issued還有自己的狀語(yǔ)by a reputable public surveyor。
眾多狀語(yǔ),盡管在英語(yǔ)中的位置十分靈活,然而按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范,方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)位于動(dòng)詞之前;而有些狀語(yǔ)在譯文中可以靈活處理,例如本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以提前至句首。因此,上句可譯成:
貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi),買(mǎi)方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn)證明向賣(mài)方提出短重索賠。
2.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract,the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干為?the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price?to the Seller,其中含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。
從語(yǔ)用的角度來(lái)看,商務(wù)合同中許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示的是某一締約方必須在何時(shí)何地承擔(dān)某一義務(wù)和享有某一種權(quán)利,即時(shí)效性。因此整個(gè)句子的重心不是句子的動(dòng)詞,而是發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。
在 譯成中文時(shí),為了突出行為的時(shí)效性,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞“須”。此句中還含有一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語(yǔ)by opening an irrevocable L/C?,其中含有三個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾an irrevocable L/C。按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范,方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)位于動(dòng)詞之前。
此外,若動(dòng)詞同時(shí)帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),英文的通常順序是方式在前,時(shí)間在后,而漢語(yǔ)卻正好與之相反,為方式在后,時(shí)間在前。因此本句可譯成:
買(mǎi)方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)通過(guò)出口地銀行開(kāi)立以賣(mài)方為收益人的不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證支付全部貨款計(jì)30 000美元。
3.The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.此 句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜但包含一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語(yǔ)。從語(yǔ)用特征的角度來(lái)看,方式狀語(yǔ)通常都是規(guī)定性的,其作用是規(guī)定合約方履行某項(xiàng)義務(wù)必須采取的方式或手段,在合同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下,即使有關(guān)締約方履行了合同規(guī)定的義務(wù),但若其履行義務(wù)的方式與合同規(guī)定的方式不符,乃構(gòu)成違約。因此,方式狀語(yǔ)的作用通常都是 比較重要的。本句可譯成:
設(shè)備和原料須根據(jù)其形狀和特點(diǎn)以完善而牢固的方式精心妥當(dāng)?shù)匕b,包裝須適合于長(zhǎng)途海、陸運(yùn)輸,能經(jīng)受多次裝卸。
☆英文合同中并列長(zhǎng)句的翻譯技巧
由 于撰寫(xiě)合同時(shí)不能遺漏任何可能情況,所以英文商務(wù)合同中往往有大量并列成分。這些并列成分包括并列的詞、短語(yǔ)以及從句。從語(yǔ)用角度看,并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)使合同的句式平衡,表意完整。在翻譯由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列單句構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句時(shí)可以采用分句譯法。并列長(zhǎng)句的分句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系比較松散,因此翻譯時(shí)可以斷 開(kāi),分解成單句獨(dú)立存在。例如:
The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列分句組成,均為主句在前,條件狀語(yǔ)在后,在兩個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)中均含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),此外,兩個(gè)并列分句中也都含有時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ),均為within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,譯成中文時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別置于主句之前,而所有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)均放在各自修飾的動(dòng)詞的前面。同時(shí),為了符合漢語(yǔ)句式較短的特點(diǎn),可以將兩個(gè)并列分句斷開(kāi),分解成兩個(gè)單句,即譯成:
若貨物經(jīng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢后發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量與本合同之規(guī)定不符,買(mǎi)方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣(mài)方提出索賠。若經(jīng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量與提單所示重量不符,買(mǎi)方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣(mài)方提出短重索賠。
☆商務(wù)合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法
由于合同的嚴(yán)肅,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),嚴(yán)密性,導(dǎo)致復(fù)合句的應(yīng)用較多,而結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句的翻譯恰是保證整體翻譯效果和準(zhǔn)確性的關(guān)鍵。通常遇到此類(lèi)句型,譯員應(yīng)在在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成分的基礎(chǔ)上,采用順序法、逆序法及分譯法翻譯進(jìn)行翻譯的策略。
英文合同句型翻譯技巧匯總 英文合同中使用的大量長(zhǎng)句,主要分為三大類(lèi):簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)合長(zhǎng)句和并列長(zhǎng)句。在翻譯這些長(zhǎng)句時(shí),首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系,然后再適當(dāng)切分,理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,變動(dòng)語(yǔ)序,重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確
一、要翻譯好結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句,首先要了解商務(wù)英文合同的句式特點(diǎn)
作為法律文 書(shū),商務(wù)合同規(guī)定各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù),合同文字的表達(dá)必須完整、細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、明晰。而英語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句,可以包含多個(gè)從句。從句之間的關(guān)系可能包容、限定,也可能并列平行,因此,在合同中較多使用復(fù)合句能夠?qū)⒏鞣降臋?quán)利和義務(wù)在有限的條款中完整明確地體現(xiàn)出來(lái),確保合同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,以及文意的嚴(yán) 密、細(xì)致。但是復(fù)合句中往往包含若干從句、修飾語(yǔ)等等,有時(shí)會(huì)顯得臃腫、晦澀,無(wú)疑會(huì)增加理解英文合同的難度,與此同時(shí)也增加了合同翻譯的難度。
二、要掌握商務(wù)英文合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法
商務(wù)合同中英文復(fù)合句的出現(xiàn)頻率高,句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,邏輯性強(qiáng),無(wú)疑給譯者增添了許多困難,但是,無(wú)論多長(zhǎng)的句子,多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清了合同原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu),找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及各層意思,然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系,再按漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式組織譯文就可以保證合同翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。
合同復(fù)合句的分析方法具體要遵循以下步驟:
首先,譯者要找出全句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),即句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)
其次,要找出句子中所有的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
然后再分析從句和短句的功能,即:是否是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句等,以及詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間的關(guān)系。
最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配,插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。下面舉一個(gè)實(shí)例說(shuō)明
例:If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.分析:
第一步,拆分句子:此長(zhǎng)句可拆分為四個(gè)意義段,分別是
1)If a Party breaches ?in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2)then in addition to ?Applicable laws
3)it shall indemnify and ?costs, expenses, liabilities and claims
4)that such Party or ?as a result of such breach.第二步,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
1.句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)(It)(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形)(shall indemnify and keep indemnified?against)賓語(yǔ)(the other Party and the Company)。
2.“if”引導(dǎo)的是條件從句,條件句的賓語(yǔ)部分跟隨后置定語(yǔ)(given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2)。
3.“in addition to”引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分,其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語(yǔ)(available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws)。
4.而“that”引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。
5.固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb.Against ?”使某人不受??
根據(jù)以上分析,以及漢語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣(條件在前.結(jié)果在后,以及定語(yǔ)在所修飾的核心詞之前),以上條款可翻譯為:
如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第18.1條或18.2條所做的陳述及擔(dān)?;蛑厥觯瑒t另一方除根據(jù)本合同或相關(guān)法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外,違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營(yíng)公司因此種違反而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開(kāi)支、責(zé)任或索賠。
第二篇:英文合同的翻譯技巧
引子:鑒于現(xiàn)在對(duì)外交流事例逐漸增多,英文合同特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的翻譯愈顯重要,若譯文不準(zhǔn)確或不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),勢(shì)必會(huì)引起不必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛.故今以一英文(經(jīng)濟(jì))合同寫(xiě)作書(shū)籍為藍(lán)本,錄入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(經(jīng)濟(jì))合同的翻譯和寫(xiě)作。
合同文件是合同雙方簽訂并必須遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)體現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性.英文合同用語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一就表現(xiàn)在用詞上,即選擇那些法律用詞,以及正式用詞,使合同表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤,達(dá)到雙方對(duì)合同中使用的詞無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的程度。
一.hereby
英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this
中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書(shū)等正式文件的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ);在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也可用。語(yǔ)法:一般置于主語(yǔ)后,緊鄰主語(yǔ).例1:
The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.參考譯文:
業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià),或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng),以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。
注釋:
(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同、條約;n.legal agreement具有法律約束的正式合同
(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工
(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
(5)the Contract Price: 合同總價(jià),指工程的總造價(jià)
(6)such...as: 關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which
(7)under: in accordance with 根據(jù),按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同條款 例2:
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)hereby:特此
(2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know據(jù)我們所知
(3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述聲明
(4)herein:in this, in the statement在聲明中
(5)documentary proof:證明文件
參考譯文:
特此證明,據(jù)我們所知,上述聲明內(nèi)容真實(shí),正確無(wú)誤,并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù),我們同意,應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。
例3:
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and betweenCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party
B)on(Date), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)hereby:特此
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party A:以下稱甲方
(3)on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上
(4)through amicable consultation:通過(guò)友好協(xié)商
參考譯文:
本合同雙方,公司(以下稱甲方)與公司(以下稱乙方),在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)友好協(xié)商,于年月日在中國(guó)(地點(diǎn)),特簽訂本合同。
例4:
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and betweenCo.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)this agreement is hereby made and entered into:特此訂立本協(xié)議
在法律文件中表示“訂立本協(xié)議”可用以下4個(gè)動(dòng)詞:sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同義詞連用的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn),可用上述4個(gè)動(dòng)詞中的兩個(gè)來(lái)表示)。
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party B:以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方
參考譯文:
本協(xié)議特由中國(guó)公司(以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方)與公司(以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方)于年月日訂立。
第三篇:英文合同翻譯有哪些技巧
英文合同翻譯有哪些技巧
如今,對(duì)外交流的事例越來(lái)越多。英文合同,特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的翻譯也顯得越來(lái)越重要,若譯文不夠準(zhǔn)確或是不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),肯定會(huì)引起不必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛。合同文件是合同雙方簽訂并必須遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)他的權(quán)威性。英文合同用語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一就是表現(xiàn)在用詞上的。就是選擇那些法律上的用詞,以及正式的用詞,使合同所表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤,達(dá)到雙方對(duì)合同中所使用的詞的翻譯無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的程度。合同資料怎么翻譯呢?下面就來(lái)給大家講解一下技巧。
一.hereby 英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this 中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書(shū)等正式文件的開(kāi)頭用語(yǔ);在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也可以使用。
語(yǔ)法:一般置于主語(yǔ)后,緊鄰主語(yǔ).例1:
The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.參考譯文: 業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià),或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng),以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。
注釋:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同、條約;n.legal agreement具有法律約束的正式合同
(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
(5)the Contract Price: 合同總價(jià),指工程的總造價(jià)(6)such...as: 關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根據(jù),按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同條款
例2:
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.參考譯文:
特此證明,據(jù)我們所知,上述聲明內(nèi)容真實(shí),正確無(wú)誤,并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù),我們同意,應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)hereby:特此
(2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know據(jù)我們所知(3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述聲明(4)herein:in this, in the statement在聲明中(5)documentary proof:證明文件
例3:
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and between Co.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).參考譯文:
本協(xié)議特由中國(guó)公司(以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方)與公司(以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方)于年月日訂立。注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)this agreement is hereby made and entered into:特此訂立本協(xié)議
在法律文件中表示“訂立本協(xié)議”可用以下4個(gè)動(dòng)詞:sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同義詞連用的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn),可用上述4個(gè)動(dòng)詞中的兩個(gè)來(lái)表示)。
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party B:以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方
二 hereof 英文釋義: of this 中文譯詞:關(guān)于此點(diǎn);在本文件中
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的??”時(shí),使用該詞。例如表示本合同條件、條款時(shí),可以說(shuō)“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”,這里hereof表示“of this Contract”;又如表示本工程的任何部分,可用“any parts hereof”,這里hereof表示“of this Works”。
語(yǔ)法:一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面,與之緊鄰。
hereof和thereof的區(qū)別:hereof強(qiáng)調(diào)“of this”。例如,上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract;“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。
例1 Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.參考譯文:
不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反,貨方都應(yīng)晝夜地,包括星期日和假日(如承運(yùn)人需要),無(wú)間斷地提供和提取貨物。貨方對(duì)違反本款規(guī)定所引起的所有損失或損壞,包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not:不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反,whether? or not:不論??是否
(2)the owner of the goods:貨方(3)without interruption:無(wú)間斷地(4)carrier:承運(yùn)人
(5)in default on the provisions hereof:違反本款規(guī)定 hereof:of this Clause 例2 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.參考譯文:
本法所稱對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者,是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的法人和其他組織。注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)foreign trade dealers:對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者(2)as mentioned in this Law:本法所稱
(3)the provisions hereof:the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定(4)legal entity:法人
(5)be engaged in foreign trade dealings:從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)
三 hereto 英文釋義: to this 中文譯詞:至此,在此上。
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的??本文件的??”時(shí),使用該詞。例如表示“本合同雙方”,可以說(shuō)“the Parties hereto”,這里hereto表示“to this Contract”;表示“本協(xié)議附件4”,可用“Appendix 4 hereto”,這里hereto表示“to this Agreement”。
語(yǔ)法:一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面,與之緊鄰。
hereto和thereto的區(qū)別:同前面所言hereof和thereof的區(qū)別類(lèi)似,hereto強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“to this”。
例1 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.參考譯文:
對(duì)于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭(zhēng)議,本合同雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決,如協(xié)商無(wú)法解決爭(zhēng)議,則應(yīng)將爭(zhēng)議提交中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)(北京),依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的,對(duì)雙方都有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān),但仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定的除外。
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)the performance of this Contract:履行本合同(2)through amicable negotiations:友好協(xié)商
(3)the Parties hereto:the Parties to this Contract本合同雙方(4)shall then be submitted for arbitration:提交進(jìn)行仲裁
(5)the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing:中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)(北京)
(6)the arbitration rules of this Commission:其仲裁規(guī)則(7)the award of the arbitration:仲裁裁決
(8)unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission:仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定的除外
例2 “Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.參考譯文:
“專(zhuān)利技術(shù)”,系指乙方目前擁有的或未來(lái)獲得的,或乙方有權(quán)或可能有權(quán)控制的,或在本合同有效期間在世界任何國(guó)家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的,適用于或可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專(zhuān)利和專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)。
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
(1)patented technology:專(zhuān)利技術(shù)(2)patent:專(zhuān)利
(3)application for the patent:專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)
(4)may have the right to control:可能有權(quán)控制的(5)permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world:在世界任何國(guó)家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓
(6)Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto:本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品 hereto: to this Contract 以上就是合同資料翻譯的幾種技巧,希望大家通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)可以很巧妙的運(yùn)用在翻譯當(dāng)中。一定會(huì)讓你翻譯的合同資料更加完美。
第四篇:英文合同翻譯最常用句型總結(jié) 專(zhuān)業(yè)版
Upon first presentation the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight.The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.買(mǎi)方憑賣(mài)方開(kāi)具的跟單匯票,于第一次見(jiàn)票時(shí)立即付款,付款后交單。
In the event the Buyer does not furnish the seller with shipping instructions on or before August 17, 2007, the Seller may at his option cancel this contract and demand the Buyer to pay any damages he has sustained on account of such failure of the Buyer to give such instructions.如果買(mǎi)方?jīng)]有在2007年8月17日之前發(fā)給賣(mài)方裝運(yùn)通知,賣(mài)方可以自行取消取消合同,由于買(mǎi)方?jīng)]有提供給賣(mài)方裝運(yùn)說(shuō)明所引起的賣(mài)方已經(jīng)承擔(dān)的一切損失,將要求買(mǎi)方全部承擔(dān)。
If any change is required regarding the terms and conditions of this Agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, change of this Agreement shall be subject to the approval by the Canadian Government.如果此項(xiàng)協(xié)議的有關(guān)條款或者條件需要變更,雙方應(yīng)進(jìn)行協(xié)議解決。此協(xié)議的任何變動(dòng)必須通過(guò)加拿大政府的批準(zhǔn)方可生效。
“Provisional Sum” means a sum included in the Contract and so designated in the Bill of Qualities for the execution of work or the supply of goods, materials, or services, or for contingencies, which sum may be used, in whole or in part, or not at all, at the direction and discretion of the Engineer.備用款是指在合同所含的,用于工程清單的專(zhuān)用款項(xiàng)。該用于施工,供貨,供料,服務(wù)或者意外事故。它可能被全部使用,也可能被部分使用,或者根本不被使用,其使用情況都由工程師全權(quán)決定。
The Contractor shall, subject to the provisions of the Contract, and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the Works and provide all labor, including the supervision thereof, materials, constructional plant and all other things, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, required in and for such execution and maintenance.承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)合同的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)任,小心謹(jǐn)慎地進(jìn)行施工和維修,并提供所有勞務(wù),包括監(jiān)工,材料,施工設(shè)施備以及施工或維修,短期或長(zhǎng)期的其他所有事項(xiàng)。
No salary shall be paid and charged against the operating expenses, provided that the commission or brokerage of the Second Party shall be paid and charged as a part of operating expenses.如果第二方的傭金或回扣作為營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用的一部分,營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用中將不含工資。
If the technical documentation supplied by party B is not in conformity with Clause 9.1 of the contract, Party B shall be paid and charged as a part of the operating expenses.如果乙方提供的技術(shù)資料與合同中的條款9.1項(xiàng)不一致,乙方應(yīng)該支付給甲方一部分的營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用。
The Seller, provide that Buyer so agrees, may retain the whole or part of the said incomplete equipment, fabricated or unfabricated parts, work-in-process, and other material referred to in paragraph(D)of this Article in which the amount to be paid by the Buyer shall be reduced by a sum equal to the value of the property so retained.如果買(mǎi)方同意,賣(mài)方可以完全或部分保留上述提未完成的設(shè)備,已加工和未加工的零件,正在加工的產(chǎn)品,以及條款D中所提到的任何材料。在這個(gè)條款中,買(mǎi)方需支付的費(fèi)用應(yīng)該減去賣(mài)方保留的物品的價(jià)格。
Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30, 000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the seller may draw the sum in due time.買(mǎi)方應(yīng)在合同簽字生效30天內(nèi),通過(guò)外匯銀行向賣(mài)方開(kāi)具不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證,全額3萬(wàn)美元,向賣(mài)方支付貨物價(jià)錢(qián),以便賣(mài)方能夠如期收款。
Should the Seller fail to make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of force majeure specified in Clause 18 of this Contract, the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery On condition that the Seller should agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.如果賣(mài)方不是由于合同中第18條細(xì)化的不可抗力未按照合同規(guī)定的期限按時(shí)交貨,則只要賣(mài)方同意承擔(dān)違約金,買(mǎi)方應(yīng)該同意延期交貨。違約金應(yīng)在匯入行中從協(xié)議款項(xiàng)中扣除。
Seller shall have the option of delivering 5% more or less on the Contract quantity.Such surplus or deficiency shall be settled at the market price on the day of the vessel’s arrival, the value shall be fixed by arbitration unless mutually agreed.賣(mài)方有權(quán)按合同規(guī)定數(shù)量的5%溢短交貨。溢短部分應(yīng)以船抵之日的市場(chǎng)價(jià)計(jì)算。如果雙方有異議,其價(jià)格將由仲裁判定為準(zhǔn)。
In case the Contract is concluded on CIF basis, the insurance shall be effected by the Seller for 110% of invoice value covering all risks, war risks, S.R.C.C risks(i.e.Strike, Riot, and Civil Commotions).在到岸價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上訂立的合同,將由賣(mài)方以發(fā)票110%的金額投保綜合險(xiǎn),戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn),罷工險(xiǎn),**險(xiǎn),民變險(xiǎn)。
第五篇:英文翻譯技巧之合同句型翻譯技巧匯總
英文合同中使用的大量長(zhǎng)句,主要分為三大類(lèi):簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)合長(zhǎng)句和并列長(zhǎng)句。在翻譯這些長(zhǎng)句時(shí),首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系,然后再適當(dāng)切分,理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,變動(dòng)語(yǔ)序,重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。
☆簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯
在翻譯英文商務(wù)合同中的簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句時(shí),首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系;然后再適當(dāng)切分,理出句子的主干成分,翻譯時(shí)以句子的主干為主導(dǎo);最后再按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,變動(dòng)語(yǔ)序,重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。下面舉三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句翻譯的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明:
1. The Buyers may,within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination,lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句,其主干為T(mén)he Buyers may…lodge a claim…。
修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)有三個(gè),a.分別表示時(shí)間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination
b.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和
c.目的for short-weight
而且狀語(yǔ)中還有狀語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)的分詞issued還有自己的狀語(yǔ)by a reputable public surveyor。
眾多狀語(yǔ),盡管在英語(yǔ)中的位置十分靈活,然而按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范,方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)位于動(dòng)詞之前;而有些狀語(yǔ)在譯文中可以靈活處理,例如本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以提前至句首。因此,上句可譯成:
貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi),買(mǎi)方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn)證明向賣(mài)方提出短重索賠。
2.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract,the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干為…the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price…to the Seller,其中含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。
從語(yǔ)用的角度來(lái)看,商務(wù)合同中許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示的是某一締約方必須在何時(shí)何地承擔(dān)某一義務(wù)和享有某一種權(quán)利,即時(shí)效性。因此整個(gè)句子的重心不是句子的動(dòng)詞,而是發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。
在 譯成中文時(shí),為了突出行為的時(shí)效性,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞“須”。此句中還含有一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語(yǔ)by opening an irrevocable L/C…,其中含有三個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾an irrevocable L/C。按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范,方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)位于動(dòng)詞之前。
此外,若動(dòng)詞同時(shí)帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),英文的通常順序是方式在前,時(shí)間在后,而漢語(yǔ)卻正好與之相反,為方式在后,時(shí)間在前。因此本句可譯成:
買(mǎi)方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)通過(guò)出口地銀行開(kāi)立以賣(mài)方為收益人的不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證支付全部貨款計(jì)30 000美元。
3.The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.此 句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜但包含一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語(yǔ)。從語(yǔ)用特征的角度來(lái)看,方式狀語(yǔ)通常都是規(guī)定性的,其作用是規(guī)定合約方履行某項(xiàng)義務(wù)必須采取的方式或手段,在合同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下,即使有關(guān)締約方履行了合同規(guī)定的義務(wù),但若其履行義務(wù)的方式與合同規(guī)定的方式不符,乃構(gòu)成違約。因此,方式狀語(yǔ)的作用通常都是 比較重要的。本句可譯成:
設(shè)備和原料須根據(jù)其形狀和特點(diǎn)以完善而牢固的方式精心妥當(dāng)?shù)匕b,包裝須適合于長(zhǎng)途海、陸運(yùn)輸,能經(jīng)受多次裝卸。
☆英文合同中并列長(zhǎng)句的翻譯技巧
由 于撰寫(xiě)合同時(shí)不能遺漏任何可能情況,所以英文商務(wù)合同中往往有大量并列成分。這些并列成分包括并列的詞、短語(yǔ)以及從句。從語(yǔ)用角度看,并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)使合同的句式平衡,表意完整。在翻譯由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列單句構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句時(shí)可以采用分句譯法。并列長(zhǎng)句的分句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系比較松散,因此翻譯時(shí)可以斷 開(kāi),分解成單句獨(dú)立存在。例如:
The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列分句組成,均為主句在前,條件狀語(yǔ)在后,在兩個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)中均含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),此外,兩個(gè)并列分句中也都含有時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ),均為within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,譯成中文時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別置于主句之前,而所有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)均放在各自修飾的動(dòng)詞的前面。同時(shí),為了符合漢語(yǔ)句式較短的特點(diǎn),可以將兩個(gè)并列分句斷開(kāi),分解成兩個(gè)單句,即譯成:
若貨物經(jīng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢后發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量與本合同之規(guī)定不符,買(mǎi)方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣(mài)方提出索賠。若經(jīng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量與提單所示重量不符,買(mǎi)方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣(mài)方提出短重索賠。
☆商務(wù)合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法
由于合同的嚴(yán)肅,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),嚴(yán)密性,導(dǎo)致復(fù)合句的應(yīng)用較多,而結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句的翻譯恰是保證整體翻譯效果和準(zhǔn)確性的關(guān)鍵。通常遇到此類(lèi)句型,譯員應(yīng)在在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成分的基礎(chǔ)上,采用順序法、逆序法及分譯法翻譯進(jìn)行翻譯的策略。
一、要翻譯好結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句,首先要了解商務(wù)英文合同的句式特點(diǎn)
作為法律文 書(shū),商務(wù)合同規(guī)定各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù),合同文字的表達(dá)必須完整、細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、明晰。而英語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句,可以包含多個(gè)從句。從句之間的關(guān)系可能包容、限定,也可能并列平行,因此,在合同中較多使用復(fù)合句能夠?qū)⒏鞣降臋?quán)利和義務(wù)在有限的條款中完整明確地體現(xiàn)出來(lái),確保合同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,以及文意的嚴(yán) 密、細(xì)致。但是復(fù)合句中往往包含若干從句、修飾語(yǔ)等等,有時(shí)會(huì)顯得臃腫、晦澀,無(wú)疑會(huì)增加理解英文合同的難度,與此同時(shí)也增加了合同翻譯的難度。
二、要掌握商務(wù)英文合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法
商務(wù)合同中英文復(fù)合句的出現(xiàn)頻率高,句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,邏輯性強(qiáng),無(wú)疑給譯者增添了許多困難,但是,無(wú)論多長(zhǎng)的句子,多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清了合同原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu),找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及各層意思,然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系,再按漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式組織譯文就可以保證合同翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。
合同復(fù)合句的分析方法具體要遵循以下步驟:
首先,譯者要找出全句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),即句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)
其次,要找出句子中所有的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
然后再分析從句和短句的功能,即:是否是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句等,以及詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間的關(guān)系。
最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配,插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。下面舉一個(gè)實(shí)例說(shuō)明
例:If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.分析:
第一步,拆分句子:此長(zhǎng)句可拆分為四個(gè)意義段,分別是
1)If a Party breaches …in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.22)then in addition to …Applicable laws
3)it shall indemnify and …costs, expenses, liabilities and claims
4)that such Party or …as a result of such breach.第二步,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
1.句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)(It)(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形)(shall indemnify and keep indemnified…against)賓語(yǔ)(the other Party and the Company)。
2.“if”引導(dǎo)的是條件從句,條件句的賓語(yǔ)部分跟隨后置定語(yǔ)(given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2)。
3.“in addition to”引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分,其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語(yǔ)(available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws)。
4.而“that”引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。
5.固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb.Against …”使某人不受……
根據(jù)以上分析,以及漢語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣(條件在前.結(jié)果在后,以及定語(yǔ)在所修飾的核心詞之前),以上條款可翻譯為:
如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第18.1條或18.2條所做的陳述及擔(dān)?;蛑厥?,則另一方除根據(jù)本合同或相關(guān)法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外,違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營(yíng)公司因此種違反而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開(kāi)支、責(zé)任或索賠。
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