第一篇：商務(wù)英語翻譯資料

1.中國外匯儲(chǔ)備結(jié)束12個(gè)月連漲 較上月降270億美元

China's foreign exchange reserves ended a 12-month run of gains, down $27 billion from the previous month.中國人民銀行7日公布的最新外匯儲(chǔ)備規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2月末，中國外匯儲(chǔ)備規(guī)模為31345億美元，較1月末下降270億美元，降幅為0.85%。此前，中國外匯儲(chǔ)備已經(jīng)連續(xù)12個(gè)月上漲，從2017年1月末的逾2.99萬億美元，一路升至2018年1月末的3.16萬億美元。

中國國家外匯管理局有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人當(dāng)天就此回答記者提問時(shí)表示，2月，中國跨境資金流動(dòng)和境內(nèi)外主體交易行為總體平穩(wěn)，外匯市場供求延續(xù)基本平衡格局。國際金融市場波動(dòng)性上升，匯率及資產(chǎn)價(jià)格出現(xiàn)調(diào)整，主要非美元貨幣相對美元下跌和資產(chǎn)價(jià)格回調(diào)等因素共同作用，外匯儲(chǔ)備規(guī)模小幅下降。這位負(fù)責(zé)人稱，當(dāng)前，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)保持中高速增長，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行呈現(xiàn)出增長與質(zhì)量、結(jié)構(gòu)、效益相得益彰的良好局面。中國跨境資金雙向流動(dòng)、總體平衡的發(fā)展趨勢已初步形成。

According to the latest foreign exchange reserve scale data released by the People's Bank of China on the 7th, as of the end of February, the size of China’s foreign exchange reserves was 3.1345 trillion U.S.dollars, a decrease of 27 billion U.S.dollars from the end of January, a decrease of 0.85%.Earlier, China’s foreign exchange reserves have risen for 12 consecutive months, rising from more than 2.99 trillion US dollars at the end of January 2017 to 3.16 trillion US dollars at the end of January 2018.The person in charge of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the People's Republic of China said the same day when he answered a reporter’s question.In February, China’s cross-border capital flows and domestic and foreign entities’ transactions were generally stable, and the supply and demand in the foreign exchange market continued to be basically balanced.The volatility of the international financial market has risen, and the exchange rate and asset prices have been adjusted.The major non-US dollar currencies have been working against factors such as the decline of the US dollar and the correction of asset prices.The scale of foreign exchange reserves has declined slightly.The person in charge said that at present, China’s economy has maintained a medium-to-high-speed growth, structural reforms on the supply side have been steadily advanced, and economic operations have shown a good situation in which growth, quality, structure, and benefits complement each other.The two-way flow of cross-border capital flows in China and the overall balanced development trend have taken shape.2.Facebook巨量信息被竊引爆信任危機(jī)

The theft of vast amounts of information from Facebook has triggered a crisis of confidence

因?yàn)樯嫦有孤?000萬用戶信息，美國社交巨頭Facebook突然進(jìn)入了一個(gè)極為危險(xiǎn)的境地。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月19日，F(xiàn)acebook股價(jià)經(jīng)歷了4年以來的最大下跌，跌幅達(dá)6.77%。市值蒸發(fā)367億美元。投資者拋售Facebook股票的同時(shí)，其他科技巨頭公司的股價(jià)也受到影響，谷歌母公司Alphabet下跌3.03%，蘋果和亞馬遜下跌1.53%。當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月17日，美國紐約時(shí)報(bào)和英國觀察者報(bào)（英國衛(wèi)報(bào)的周日版）共同發(fā)布了深度報(bào)道，曝光Facebook上超過5000萬用戶信息數(shù)據(jù)被一家名為“劍橋分析”（Cambridge Analytica）的公司泄露，用于在2016年美國總統(tǒng)大選中針對目標(biāo)受眾推送廣告，從而影響大選結(jié)果。

超過5000萬用戶的Facebook信息被第三方公司利用，利用算法向用戶進(jìn)行“精準(zhǔn)營銷”的商業(yè)操作，繼而對Facebook用戶施加政治影響。此事在世界范圍內(nèi)引發(fā)了軒然大波。甚至有投資者直言，F(xiàn)acebook創(chuàng)始人扎克伯格缺乏危機(jī)應(yīng)對的能力，他應(yīng)該下課。

Facebook內(nèi)部顯然也感受到了暴風(fēng)雨來臨。Facebook定于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月20日凌晨召開緊急會(huì)議，允許雇員就此事開展提問。

Because allegedly leaking 50 million user information, the US social giant Facebook suddenly entered an extremely dangerous situation.On March 19th, local time, Facebook's share price experienced the largest decline in four years, a drop of 6.77%.The market value evaporated 36.7 billion U.S.dollars.While investors dumped Facebook shares, the share prices of other technology giants were also affected, with Google’s parent company Alphabet falling by 3.03% and Apple and Amazon falling by 1.53%.On March 17, local time, the New York Times and the British Observer(British Guardian's Sunday edition)jointly published in-depth reports, revealing more than 50 million user information data on Facebook by a company called Cambridge Analytica.The leaked company was used to push advertisements for the target audience in the 2016 US presidential election, thereby affecting the results of the election.More than 50 million users' Facebook messages have been used by third-party companies to use algorithms to conduct “precision marketing” business operations and then to exert political influence on Facebook users.The incident caused a worldwide uproar.Some investors have even spoken out about Facebook founder mark Zuckerberg's lack of ability to deal with the crisis, and he should go.The storm is clearly felt inside Facebook, too.Facebook is scheduled to convene an emergency meeting early in the morning on March 20th to allow employees to ask questions on this matter.3.特朗普簽署貿(mào)易備忘錄，中方不懼貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)

Trump signed the trade memorandum.China is not afraid of trade war

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間22日中午在白宮簽署針對中國的總統(tǒng)備忘錄，宣布基于“301調(diào)查”結(jié)果，將對約600億美元進(jìn)口自中國的商品加征關(guān)稅，并對中資投資美國設(shè)限等。

中國隨即作出回應(yīng)。中國駐美大使館發(fā)表聲明說，中方不希望打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，但絕不懼怕貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，有信心、有能力應(yīng)對任何挑戰(zhàn)。如果美方執(zhí)意要打，我們將奉陪到底，并采取所有必要措施堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)自身合法權(quán)益。

幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，中國商務(wù)部公布針對美國進(jìn)口鋼鐵和鋁產(chǎn)品232措施的中止減讓產(chǎn)品清單，擬對約30億美元自美進(jìn)口商品加征關(guān)稅。

US President Trump signed a presidential memorandum against China at noon on the 22nd at local time.He announced that based on the results of the “301 investigation,” he will impose tariffs on about 60 billion U.S.dollars of imports from China, and impose restrictions on Chinese investment in the United States, etc.China immediately responded.The Chinese Embassy in the United States issued a statement saying that China does not want to fight a trade war, but it is not afraid of a trade war and has confidence and ability to respond to any challenge.If the United States insists on fighting, we will follow suit and take all necessary measures to firmly defend our legitimate rights and interests.A few hours later, the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the list of suspension and concession products for the United States importing steel and aluminum products 232 measures, and proposed to impose tariffs on approximately US$3 billion in imports from the United States.4.博鰲亞洲論壇舉行 中國與世界合作共贏

Boao Forum for Asia held, China has a win-win cooperation with the world

博鰲亞洲論壇2018年年會(huì)4月8日起開始舉行，中國國家主席習(xí)近平將出席論壇年會(huì)開幕式并發(fā)表重要主旨演講。外媒表示，中國將借此平臺宣布一系列新的改革開放重要舉措，中國的開放之路將帶領(lǐng)該國和世界走向合作共贏。

中國國家主席習(xí)近平將在年會(huì)開幕式的主旨演講中宣布一系列改革開放新舉措，其中涉及“一帶一路”、自由貿(mào)易港以及“中國制造2025”的內(nèi)容尤其受到關(guān)注。這些計(jì)劃將促進(jìn)亞洲的發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)國際社會(huì)的團(tuán)結(jié)。

今年是中國改革開放40周年，在逆全球化和貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義抬頭的背景下，中國的開放之路將帶領(lǐng)該國和世界走向合作共贏。中國國家主席習(xí)近平的“人類命運(yùn)共同體”倡議，則是改革開放的“國際版”。

博鰲亞洲論壇的意義在不斷變化和發(fā)展。作為一個(gè)公開看法、交換意見的平臺，它具有非常重大的意義。

The Boao Forum for Asia 2018 was held starting from April 8, and Chinese President Xi Jinping will attend the opening ceremony of the forum and deliver an important keynote speech.Foreign media indicated that China will use this platform to announce a series of new important measures for reform and opening up.China’s open road will lead the country and the world towards a win-win cooperation.Chinese President Xi Jinping will announce a series of new reforms and opening-up measures in the keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the annual meeting.The contents concerning the “Belt and Road”, free trade ports, and “Made in China 2025” are particularly concerned.These plans will promote the development of Asia and strengthen the unity of the international community.This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up.Under the background of anti-globalization and trade protectionism, China’s opening up will lead the country and the world toward a win-win cooperation.The Chinese President Xi Jinping’s initiative of the “human destiny community” is an “international version” of reform and opening up.The significance of the Boao Forum for Asia is constantly changing and developing.As a platform for public opinions and exchange of opinions, it is of great significance.5.美國年內(nèi)加息大概率增至4次

The United States raises the probability of raising interest rates to 4 times during the year

美國白宮21日向國會(huì)提交了特朗普政府第一份總統(tǒng)年度經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)告，報(bào)告預(yù)計(jì)今年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速將升至3.1％。與此同時(shí)，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和官員對經(jīng)濟(jì)前景和通脹樂觀情緒也在增加，經(jīng)濟(jì)前景利好令越來越多的市場人士預(yù)計(jì)美國年內(nèi)加息增至4次的可能性增加。

由于人口老齡化以及勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提升緩慢，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)預(yù)計(jì)美國潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率為1.8％。美國《華爾街日報(bào)》今年1月初對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的調(diào)查也顯示，雖然2018年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速可能進(jìn)一步加快至2.7％，但2019年和2020年增速預(yù)計(jì)將逐步回落至2.2％和2％。這意味著特朗普的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策很難改變金融危機(jī)以來美國經(jīng)濟(jì)2％左右的溫和增長趨勢。

根據(jù)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員們對經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的樂觀情緒，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家保羅·阿什沃斯預(yù)計(jì)，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)今年可能加息四次，并且這一觀點(diǎn)逐漸成為市場主流判斷，后市加息進(jìn)程將取決于美國國內(nèi)的通脹水平。

On the 21st, the White House presented to the Congress the Trump administration’s first annual presidential economic report, which is expected to grow to 3.1% this year.At the same time, the Fed and officials’ optimism about the economic outlook and inflation are also increasing.The favorable economic outlook has led more and more market participants to expect the United States to increase its interest rate increase to four times during the year.As the population ages and labor productivity increases slowly, the Fed expects the United States' potential economic growth rate to be 1.8%.A survey of economists conducted by the Wall Street Journal in early January this year also showed that although the US economy may accelerate further to 2.7% in 2018, the growth rate in 2019 and 2020 is expected to gradually fall to 2.2% and 2%.This means that Trump's economic policy is difficult to change the moderate growth of the US economy since the financial crisis around 2%.According to Fed officials' optimism about the economic outlook, US economist Paul Ashworth predicted that the Fed may raise interest rates four times this year, and this view gradually becomes the market's mainstream judgment.The process of interest rate increase in the future market will depend on the United States.The level of inflation.6.外媒稱海南將成中國對外開放新窗口：繁榮或超香港

Foreign media say Hainan will be a new window for China to open up to the outside world: prosperous or ahead of Hong Kong

外媒稱，在中國政府支持下，海南旅游吸引力的日漸增強(qiáng)使其成為中國深化全方位改革開放政策的新窗口。海南將成為環(huán)境友好型經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，逐步成為國際旅游消費(fèi)中心，并將建設(shè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)和中國特色自由貿(mào)易港。

報(bào)道稱，海南自由貿(mào)易港將對標(biāo)世界最高開放水平，繁榮程度很可能將超越國際公認(rèn)較為成功的自由貿(mào)易港新加坡、迪拜和中國香港。報(bào)道還稱，這是體現(xiàn)中國未來發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要決策，因?yàn)橹袊枰淖儼l(fā)展模式，在人民生活水平不斷提高的背景下實(shí)現(xiàn)均衡高質(zhì)量的發(fā)展。

在出口、工業(yè)和投資起著決定性作用多年后，中國正處于更重視國內(nèi)消費(fèi)、服務(wù)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的再平衡的過程中。報(bào)道還指出，政府選擇海南作為開放的新窗口是因?yàn)樗歉母镩_放40年的一個(gè)重要見證。

Foreign media said that with the support of the Chinese government, the increasing attraction of Hainan's tourism has made it a new window for China to deepen its all-round reform and opening up policy.Hainan will become an environmentally friendly special economic zone and gradually become an international tourism consumption center.It will also establish a free trade pilot zone and a free trade port with Chinese characteristics.According to the report, Hainan Free Trade Port will be the highest level of openness in the world, and the degree of prosperity will likely surpass internationally recognized and successful free trade ports Singapore, Dubai and Hong Kong.The report also stated that this is an important decision that reflects China’s future development strategy, because China needs to change its development model and achieve balanced and high-quality development in the context of the continuous improvement of people’s living standards.After years of decisive role in exports, industry, and investment, China is in the process of paying more attention to the rebalancing of domestic consumption, services, and technological innovation.The report also pointed out that the government chose Hainan as a new open window because it is an important testimony to the 40 years of reform and opening up.7.美宣布退出伊核協(xié)議，聯(lián)合國秘書長回應(yīng):深感憂慮

The United States announces its withdrawal from the Iran nuclear agreement.The UN Secretary General responds: Deeply worried

聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯8日通過發(fā)言人發(fā)表聲明，稱對美國當(dāng)天宣布將退出《聯(lián)合全面行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》(JCPOA，即伊核協(xié)議)并重啟對伊朗制裁“深感憂慮”。

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普當(dāng)天下午在白宮宣布，美國將退出伊核協(xié)議并將重新對伊朗實(shí)施最嚴(yán)厲的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁。他聲稱該協(xié)議缺乏遏制伊朗發(fā)展核武器及洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈的有效機(jī)制。近期，英國、法國、德國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人曾分別與特朗普進(jìn)行溝通，勸阻其退出伊核協(xié)議。

古特雷斯在聲明中說，自己一直反復(fù)申明，伊核協(xié)議是核不擴(kuò)散和外交方面的一項(xiàng)重大成就，并為區(qū)域和國際和平與安全作出了貢獻(xiàn)。古特雷斯在聲明中呼吁伊核協(xié)議的其他締約方充分遵守各自根據(jù)協(xié)議作出的承諾，呼吁聯(lián)合國所有其他會(huì)員國支持伊核協(xié)議。

日前，英、法、德三國及中國、俄羅斯分別發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明，重申對伊核協(xié)議的支持。伊朗總統(tǒng)魯哈尼在8日宣布，伊朗將暫時(shí)留在伊核協(xié)議中。

U.S.Secretary-General Guterres issued a statement on the 8th through a spokesperson, saying that he is “deeply worried” that the United States has announced that it will withdraw from the “Joint Comprehensive Action Plan”(JCPOA, the Iranian nuclear agreement)and resumed sanctions against Iran.U.S.President Donald trump announced at the White House this afternoon that the United States will pull out of the Iran nuclear deal and re-impose the toughest economic sanctions on Iran.He said the deal lacked an effective mechanism to curb Iran's development of nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles.Recently, the leaders of Britain, France and Germany have separately spoken to Mr Trump to dissuade him from withdrawing from the Iran nuclear deal.Guterres said in a statement that he has repeatedly affirmed that the Iranian nuclear agreement is a major achievement in nuclear nonproliferation and diplomacy and has contributed to regional and international peace and security.In the statement, Guterres called on other parties to the Iranian nuclear agreement to fully comply with their respective commitments under the agreement and called on all other UN member states to support the Iran nuclear agreement.Recently, Britain, France, Germany and China and Russia respectively issued a joint statement reiterating their support for the Iran nuclear agreement.Iranian President Rohani announced on the 8th that Iran will temporarily stay in the Iran nuclear agreement.College Admissions: Showing Your Best Side on Social Media

大學(xué)招生：在社交媒體上展示你最好的一面

Social media has found its way into almost every part of everyday life.It has even affected college and university admissions.Many colleges and universities in the United States are now using social media to share information with applicants.Applicants' social media posts are affecting admissions decisions

This year, the test preparation company Kaplan released a study on how admissions officials view applicants' social media presence.Almost 400 admissions officials were questioned.About 70 percent said it was fair for them to consider an applicant's social media messages and pictures when making their decisions.Admissions officials do not always get a full picture of the kind of person an applicant is from the traditional application materials.Therefore, many officials view social media as a way of learning more about what an applicant is like beyond just their abilities in the classroom.“If a 20-year-old is reading what you're posting, and a 40-year-old is reading what you're posting, and a 60-year-old is reading what you're posting, and they don't find it offensive, then it's probably...good,” he said.社交媒體幾乎滲透到日常生活的方方面面。它甚至影響了學(xué)院和大學(xué)的招生。美國許多學(xué)院和大學(xué)現(xiàn)在都在使用社交媒體與申請者分享信息。申請人在社交媒體上發(fā)布的信息正在影響錄取決定

今年，備考公司Kaplan發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于招生官員如何看待申請者社交媒體的研究報(bào)告。近400名招生官員參與了此次研究。約70%的人表示，在做出決定時(shí)考慮應(yīng)聘者的社交媒體信息和照片是公平的。

招生官員并不總是能從傳統(tǒng)的申請材料中全面了解申請人是什么樣的人。因此，許多官員將社交媒體視為一種了解申請者的方式，而不僅僅是了解他們在課堂上的能力。

“如果一個(gè)20歲的人在看你寫的東西，一個(gè)40歲的人在看你寫的東西，一個(gè)60歲的人在看你寫的東西，他們不會(huì)覺得這是冒犯，那么這很可能……”好,”他說。

Smartphone Use May Lead to Addiction, Loneliness, Depression

使用智能手機(jī)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致上癮、孤獨(dú)、抑郁

Nearly 2.4 billion people around the world used a smartphone in 2017.By the end of 2018, more than a third of the global population will be using a smartphone.However, smartphone technology can be a double-edged sword.On the one hand, it sends us unlimited amounts of information.We don't have to wait.Our devices ring, ping, vibrate and light up with the latest news from family, friends and around the world.On the other hand, this immediate access to information may become an addiction.And it may make some people feel lonely, anxious and depressed.The researchers warn that workers in the technology industry know how to manipulate our brains and turn us into addicts.They say that we can train our brains to be less addicted to our phones and computers.They suggest turning off push notifications and other such alerts on our phones.These instant announcements excite the same pathways in our brains that once warned us of dangers in our environment.But instead of warning us of a large predator looking for dinner, we are alerted to a sale on shoes or the fact that a friend from high school is eating a hamburger in Las Vegas.More often than not, our devices share unimportant information as if our lives depended on it.Our brains see the notices the same way.And that is a problem.So, just turn them off.The researchers also suggest taking control of when and where you answer a text or email.You do not need to answer them all.And you certainly don't need to answer them as soon as you get them.2017年，全球有近24億人使用智能手機(jī)。到2018年底，全球超過三分之一的人口將使用智能手機(jī)。

然而，智能手機(jī)技術(shù)可能是一把雙刃劍。

一方面，它給我們提供了無限的信息。我們不必等待。我們的設(shè)備響著、響著、震動(dòng)著、點(diǎn)亮著來自家人、朋友和世界各地的最新消息。

另一方面，這種即時(shí)獲取信息的方式可能會(huì)讓人上癮。這可能會(huì)讓一些人感到孤獨(dú)、焦慮和沮喪。

研究人員警告說，科技行業(yè)的工人知道如何操縱我們的大腦，把我們變成癮君子。他們說我們可以訓(xùn)練我們的大腦少沉迷于手機(jī)和電腦。他們建議關(guān)掉手機(jī)上的推送通知和其他類似的提醒。這些即時(shí)的公告在我們的大腦中激起了同樣的反應(yīng)，就像曾經(jīng)警告過我們環(huán)境中的危險(xiǎn)一樣。但是，我們并沒有被警告說有一個(gè)大型食肉動(dòng)物在找晚餐，而是被提醒說有一個(gè)賣鞋的大減價(jià)，或者一個(gè)高中的朋友正在拉斯維加斯吃漢堡。

通常情況下，我們的設(shè)備共享不重要的信息，就好像我們的生活依賴于它一樣。我們的大腦以同樣的方式看待這些注意。這是一個(gè)問題。把它們關(guān)掉。研究人員還建議控制你何時(shí)何地回復(fù)短信或電子郵件。你不需要全部回答。你當(dāng)然不需要一拿到答案就回答。

The Iranian People Deserve Better 伊朗人民理應(yīng)得到更好的待遇

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has made clear that new and severe economic sanctions will be imposed on the Iranian regime until it makes a fundamental strategic decision to end its support for terrorism;its aggression in the Middle East;its proliferation of ballistic missiles;its pursuit of nuclear weapons capability, and other malign behaviors.But in outlining the United States' new strategy for Iran after the U.S.withdrawal from the nuclear deal, Secretary Pompeo drew a sharp distinction between the regime and the Iranian people.He deplored the fact that flush with cash and economic relief from the deal, the regime for three years did nothing to relieve the economic hardships of ordinary Iranians;instead it spent vast sums to fuel its march of destruction across the region.He declared that in exchange for the major changes the United States has called for in Tehran's policies, the U.S.is prepared to take actions which will help the Iranian people: “Now is the time for the supreme leader and the Iranian regime to summon the courage to do something historically beneficial for [their] own people, for this ancient and proud nation.As for the United States,” he said, “our eyes are clear as to the nature of this regime, but our ears are open to what may be possible...We are looking for outcomes that benefit the Iranian people, not just the regime.”

國務(wù)卿邁克·龐培已經(jīng)明確表示，將對伊朗政權(quán)實(shí)施新的和嚴(yán)厲的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁，直到它作出根本的戰(zhàn)略決定，停止對恐怖主義的支持;它在中東的侵略;其彈道導(dǎo)彈的擴(kuò)散;其追求核武器能力等惡性行為。

但是，在美國退出核協(xié)議后，美國對伊朗的新戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行了概述，Pompeo國務(wù)卿對該政權(quán)和伊朗人民進(jìn)行了明確區(qū)分。

他對這筆交易的現(xiàn)金和經(jīng)濟(jì)救濟(jì)感到遺憾，三年的政權(quán)并沒有緩解普通伊朗人的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難;相反，它花費(fèi)了大量資金來推動(dòng)整個(gè)地區(qū)的毀滅進(jìn)程。

他宣稱，為了換取美國在德黑蘭政策中所要求的重大變化，美國準(zhǔn)備采取行動(dòng)幫助伊朗人民：“現(xiàn)在是最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和伊朗政權(quán)鼓足勇氣的時(shí)候了為自己的人民，為這個(gè)古老而自豪的國家做一些歷史上有益的事情。至于美國，“他說，”我們的眼睛對這個(gè)政權(quán)的性質(zhì)很清楚，但我們的耳朵是可以接受的......我們正在尋找有益于伊朗人民的結(jié)果，而不僅僅是政權(quán)?！?/p>

第二篇：淺談商務(wù)英語翻譯

淺談商務(wù)英語翻譯

本文圍繞商務(wù)英語翻譯的特點(diǎn)、提高商務(wù)英語翻譯能力的方法和商務(wù)英語翻譯應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)三個(gè)主題展開論述，以求在今后的翻譯工作中做到運(yùn)用自如

1.引言

商務(wù)英語是一種包含各種商務(wù)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容、滿足商業(yè)需要的專門用途英語。其內(nèi)容涉及貿(mào)易、金融、法律、廣告等諸多專業(yè)，除外貿(mào)英語書信、合同等商業(yè)公文外，廣告、仿單、經(jīng)貿(mào)文章，相關(guān)法律公文等都可列入其中。因此，商務(wù)英語的語言現(xiàn)象比較復(fù)雜，文字風(fēng)格也各不相同，翻譯時(shí)是很難全憑某些程式，套語或經(jīng)驗(yàn)來解決。但是就其重要性而言，商務(wù)英語的翻譯在雙方貿(mào)易中起著橋梁紐帶的作用，甚至與整個(gè)公司的命運(yùn)緊密聯(lián)系在一起，所以我們在翻譯過程中應(yīng)根據(jù)某專業(yè)的特點(diǎn)和需要好好斟酌所選用的詞匯。商務(wù)英語翻譯的困難在于如何準(zhǔn)確而又流暢地翻譯出原語所要真正傳達(dá)的信息，而解決這一問題的關(guān)鍵是如何在理論上和實(shí)踐上加深對翻譯的認(rèn)識和了解。

馬會(huì)娟在《商務(wù)英語翻譯教程》（2004）一書中指出：商務(wù)英語翻譯教程翻譯是一種思想交流過程，它能使通曉不同語言的人通過了解原文所包含和傳達(dá)的信息來交流思想。美國翻譯理論家奈達(dá)認(rèn)為翻譯是“用最貼近而又自然的對等語言再現(xiàn)原語的信息，首先是意義，其次是文體?！币簿褪钦f，翻譯要用自然、地道的譯入語把另一種語言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容以切合原文的文體，準(zhǔn)確而完整地重新表達(dá)出來。

商務(wù)英語翻譯是一種跨文化的語際交流，它要求譯者熟悉多種文化，掌握語言運(yùn)用技巧，具備熟練的語言知識，從而完成具有一定語用目的的商業(yè)文化交流。提高商務(wù)英語翻譯技能就應(yīng)關(guān)注商務(wù)英語的語言文化關(guān)聯(lián)，巧妙靈活的達(dá)到原語的語言運(yùn)用目的。在商務(wù)英語翻譯工作中應(yīng)靈活處理因不同文化背景、語言表達(dá)習(xí)慣等因素造成的交際障礙，根據(jù)語境做必要的調(diào)整，避免語用失誤，造成交流和理解的困難。雖然奈達(dá)的功能對等原則在文化因素翻譯方面有一些負(fù)面作用，但是對于商務(wù)英語翻譯仍舊具有重大的意義，尤其是在以往歷史上文化因素的翻譯中起到了非常積極的作用。奈達(dá)的功能對等原則以交際為目的，以讀者為中心，以目的語文化為歸宿，避免了文化沖突，克服了文化障礙，促進(jìn)了雙方的文化交流。

2.研究現(xiàn)狀

在國際貿(mào)易日益頻繁的今天，很多企業(yè)為拓寬自己的市場，放眼國外以提高自己品牌的知名度和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，因此商務(wù)英語翻譯越來越為人們所重視。商務(wù)英語翻譯的重要性，可以說，在一定程度上，決定了這個(gè)公司在國際上的潛力，就像一所學(xué)校的師資力量對于這所學(xué)校的發(fā)展起著決定性作用一樣。在國內(nèi)，類似商務(wù)英語翻譯的書籍也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，進(jìn)一步促動(dòng)了中國對外貿(mào)易的進(jìn)程。尤其在改革開放后，隨著國際貿(mào)易的不斷增加，越來越多的專家和學(xué)者對商務(wù)英語翻譯展開了研究，并撰寫了諸多的論文，如：段夢敏的“現(xiàn)代商務(wù)英語翻譯策略”，來東慧的“商務(wù)英語翻譯中的跨文化因素”等；此類的教材也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，如馬會(huì)娟的《商務(wù)英語翻譯教程》；周振邦的《商務(wù)英語翻譯》,葉玉龍、王文翰、段云禮合著的《商務(wù)英語漢譯教程》等。商務(wù)英語翻譯將繼續(xù)成為商務(wù)英語研討會(huì)的主題、各大院校開設(shè)的主要課程及各有關(guān)學(xué)者關(guān)注和研究的方向。

3.商務(wù)英語翻譯的特點(diǎn)

3.1 準(zhǔn)確性

翻譯是把一種語言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容用另一種語言準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來。為了使不通曉原語的讀者能夠看得明白，譯文表達(dá)應(yīng)該簡潔明了。最重要的是，翻譯的原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)當(dāng)忠實(shí)和通順?！爸?/p>

實(shí)”主要是指譯者要準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原作者的意思，并且要表達(dá)全面；“通順”是指譯文語言要通順易懂，便于讀者的理解和接受。

例1：

原文：This support can be as detailed as the writing of contracts, for example, looking at shareholder structure or analyzing investment concepts.It can mean up-dating a company’s development concept, help in improving a company’s management or in modernizing its recruitment, marketing or distribution.It also means support in identifying new partners, in opening up international markets or in bringing the company to the point where it can go public or be sold.原譯文：公司提供的支持包括撰寫合同，分析股東結(jié)構(gòu)或投資理念等。這意味著更新一個(gè)公司的發(fā)展理念，使其經(jīng)營或招聘機(jī)制更趨現(xiàn)代化，改善其市場營銷和銷售策略。此外，這一支持系統(tǒng)還意味著我們能協(xié)助客戶在國際市場上找到新的合作伙伴，幫助他們上市和出售。分析：將本譯文與原文相比，可以看出譯文多處翻譯不夠準(zhǔn)確，令人費(fèi)解。比如，原文說的是公司的提供的支持 “as detailed as the writing of contracts”（像撰寫合同一樣具體。）而原譯文則是“包括撰寫合同”；原文“in improving a company’s management or in modernizing its recruitment, marketing or distribution”（改善公司經(jīng)營管理，使其招聘機(jī)制、市場營銷和銷售更趨現(xiàn)代化），而原譯文則成了“使其經(jīng)營或招聘機(jī)制更趨現(xiàn)代化，改善其市場營銷和銷售策略”；原文的“identifying new partners, opening up international markets”（尋找新的合作伙伴，開拓國際市場），在原譯文中卻成了“協(xié)助客戶在國際市場上找到新的合作伙伴”！這種似是而非的翻譯，使原文信息大為失真，不僅極有可能誤導(dǎo)讀者，而且可能給公司造成很大的損失。

修改后譯文：我們提供的支持就像撰寫合同一樣具體，如：幫助分析股東結(jié)構(gòu)或投資理念，也就是說幫助更新一個(gè)公司的發(fā)展理念，改善其經(jīng)營管理，使其招聘機(jī)制、市場營銷和銷售更趨現(xiàn)代化。此外，這一支持還包含為公司尋找新的合作伙伴、開拓國際市場以及他們的上市和出售。

3.2 專業(yè)性

各行各業(yè)都有其不同的文化背景、特點(diǎn)及要求，并有其特定的專業(yè)術(shù)語。在翻譯過程中，如果譯者不能吃透其專業(yè)特點(diǎn)和掌握其專業(yè)術(shù)語，翻譯結(jié)果則可能大相徑庭。如，due diligence 在商務(wù)英語中不應(yīng)譯為“適當(dāng)盡職”，而是“盡職調(diào)查”；option plan 應(yīng)為“期權(quán)計(jì)劃”，而不是“職工購買股票計(jì)劃”等。

例2：

原文： Next, the participation agreements are negotiated and – if agreed – they are signed and certified by a lawyer.原譯文：然后，雙方就公司參與企業(yè)管理的問題進(jìn)行磋商，如果達(dá)成共識，就會(huì)在協(xié)議上簽字，并由一名律師公證。

分析：律師是不能公證的，只能見證合同的簽署；公證是公證員的事。

修改后譯文：然后，雙方對提出的協(xié)議進(jìn)行磋商，如果達(dá)成共識，雙方在協(xié)議上簽字。這一過程由一名律師進(jìn)行見證。

例3：

原文：After we have checked the L/C carefully, we request you to make the following amendment: “Partial shipments and Transshipment allowed”.原譯文：經(jīng)過仔細(xì)核對信用證，茲要求貴方做如下修改：“允許部分轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)船”。分析：將“Partial shipments”譯成“部分轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)”似乎欠妥；行話應(yīng)是“分批”。

修改后譯文：經(jīng)仔細(xì)核對信用證后，茲要求貴方做如下修改：“允許分批運(yùn)貨和轉(zhuǎn)船”。

3.3 文化性

由于東、西方種族、地理環(huán)境、宗教信仰等存在的差異，造成了東西方國家大相徑庭的文化體系，商務(wù)英語翻譯中也不可避免地受到文化的限制和影響。而我們所要做的就是在翻譯時(shí)，選詞要多斟酌，做到慎之又慎，以免造成“文化沖突”，引起不必要的麻煩。

例如：在美國的大商場有“rest room”，譯成中文的“休息室”就會(huì)出笑話，因?yàn)椤皉est room”在此指“廁所”，而并非國際機(jī)場里所指的“休息室”。

又如：在西方，“十三”被認(rèn)為是不吉利的數(shù)字，這與圣經(jīng)故事中耶穌被他的第十三個(gè)門徒猶大出賣有關(guān)。所以，在西方國家，人們通常避免使用“十三”這個(gè)數(shù)字，正如中國人避免說或用數(shù)字“四”一樣，（在中國，“四”與“死”同音）。在中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中，數(shù)字“十三”沒有這種文化含義，也就不忌諱使用了。但隨著西方文化的深入影響，近來“十三”這種隱性的含義也被國人所接受。因此，我們在做翻譯中應(yīng)特別注意類似的問題。否則我們會(huì)在無意識間傷害對方或造成誤會(huì)。

4.提高商務(wù)英語翻譯能力的方法

中國加入WTO后，越來越多的中國企業(yè)已不滿足國內(nèi)市場，他們紛紛跨出國門，走向世界去尋求業(yè)務(wù)合作。英語作為溝通語言的作用非同小可。外貿(mào)談判是一種交際活動(dòng)，是拓展對外貿(mào)易的重要途徑。交際活動(dòng)則必須通過語言媒介來完成。因此，如何使用語言表達(dá)意愿和要求，如何恰當(dāng)使用語言來表達(dá)談判目的，這是商務(wù)英語使用者經(jīng)常探索的問題之一。

4.1 熟悉英語相關(guān)專業(yè)知識

商務(wù)英語的翻譯較普通英語翻譯而言，其范圍更廣，涉及的內(nèi)容也更多。如果說普通的英語翻譯注重的是文化底蘊(yùn)，那么商務(wù)英語的翻譯則注重的是知識面。因此，我們在學(xué)習(xí)翻譯理論的同時(shí)，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)商務(wù)方面的知識，比如：國際貿(mào)易，國際兌匯，會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)，運(yùn)輸學(xué)等方面的知識。同時(shí)，還需要我們有比較豐富的法律知識和文化素養(yǎng)。商務(wù)英語翻譯的人員對本國和他國經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的法律法規(guī)也應(yīng)該有所了解，因?yàn)樵谏虡I(yè)活動(dòng)中，一方在必要的時(shí)候，需要用合作對象國家的法律來維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利。在翻譯一些協(xié)議或合同時(shí)，還需注意到各自的法律責(zé)任，以此保證各方的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為是正當(dāng)?shù)?，不?huì)有法律上的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。近些年來屢次發(fā)生的反傾銷斗爭就是實(shí)例，因此在商務(wù)英語翻譯過程中謹(jǐn)慎為上。

4.2 了解文化差異

上面提到了商務(wù)英語翻譯中的文化性原則，為了更好地遵循這個(gè)原則，我們就必須了解文化差異，以免引起不必要的文化沖突。每個(gè)民族都有著其不同的文化背景，風(fēng)土人情，而語言作為某種文化的載體，所反映出來的是一個(gè)民族的意志與底蘊(yùn)。翻譯作為一種加強(qiáng)文化交流的手段，更加會(huì)涉及到這方面的問題。尤其是在商務(wù)英語翻譯中，稍有不慎便會(huì)引起重大損失以及尷尬。

比如：“dragon”（龍）這個(gè)詞是我們中華民族的象征，是中國的吉祥物，“龍騰虎躍、龍馬精神、龍飛鳳舞、龍吟虎嘯”等成語均體現(xiàn)了龍的精神和氣勢。而在西方國家“dragon”這個(gè)詞卻是罪惡的象征。因此在翻譯“韓國，中國臺灣，香港和新加坡亞洲四小龍”的時(shí)候，我們不用“Four Asian Dragons”，而用“Four Asian Tigers”。這就是文化差異的典型表現(xiàn)?？偠灾?，在翻譯中我們必須盡量了解他國的文化與差異，并做出正確的翻譯，以免造成不必要的誤解。

4.3 掌握商務(wù)英語語言技巧

目前，語言技巧在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中逐漸被忽略，我們需要進(jìn)一步去研究。各種語言技巧在商務(wù)英語談判中有不同的運(yùn)用特點(diǎn)，以及語言技巧在外貿(mào)談判中的作用，進(jìn)一步分析外貿(mào)談判英語語言特征，從而幫助外貿(mào)談判工作者認(rèn)識到英語語言在商務(wù)英語談判中的運(yùn)用技巧，使他們能靈活運(yùn)用語言技巧，取得談判成功。了解語言的特征的有助于談判員有效地使用一些技巧,這樣能更確保在談判中取得勝利。有大量的語言技巧值得我們仔細(xì)研究，掌握了這些技巧不

僅能促進(jìn)談判的進(jìn)程，而且在談判過程中也不會(huì)使對方感到尷尬。因此，談判順利地完成，在商務(wù)英語談判中談判員就必須注意語言交流及技巧的使用。

4.4 遵循翻譯原則

商務(wù)英語的翻譯要求做到準(zhǔn)確和專業(yè)化，這就要求翻譯者具有相當(dāng)熟練的英語水平。平時(shí)，我們必須廣泛閱讀商務(wù)英語的知識，并且注意語言與案例的結(jié)合，然后通過分析來掌握商務(wù)英語知識點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，商務(wù)英語翻譯并不像文學(xué)英語的翻譯那樣，需要用豐富的詞藻來描繪，它所要做到的就是“精、準(zhǔn)”。因此商務(wù)英語不需要過多、過詳細(xì)地描述某件事情，我們要做到是“精煉而又不失準(zhǔn)確”。

綜上所述，我們必須謹(jǐn)遵翻譯的原則，努力把翻譯做到精益求精。

5．商務(wù)英語翻譯應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)

5.1 注意細(xì)節(jié)問題

我們都知道，英漢對譯中的一大特點(diǎn)便是英語重靜態(tài)，漢語重動(dòng)態(tài)。在漢語的表達(dá)過程中，我們經(jīng)常運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞來描繪，使得句子更加生動(dòng)。因此，在商務(wù)英語翻譯過程中，我們也應(yīng)該時(shí)刻注意這些細(xì)節(jié)問題。

例4：

原文：An increase in business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general circulation.譯文：交易增加，要求流通的貨幣量也增加。

分析：英文原文中用了2個(gè)“increase”的名詞形式來表達(dá)，而在中文翻譯中，則選用了動(dòng)詞，尊重了漢語的特點(diǎn)。

古人云“一字值千金”。在商務(wù)英語中我們必須做到一個(gè)“準(zhǔn)”字，以免造成“失之毫厘，謬以千里”的結(jié)果。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號亦是如此，在書寫金額時(shí)，要注意小數(shù)點(diǎn)（.）與分節(jié)號（，）的位置，絕對不能馬虎。在商務(wù)英語翻譯的過程中，因?yàn)樯婕暗缴虡I(yè)系統(tǒng)的規(guī)則與交易利潤，這些細(xì)節(jié)上的問題需引起我們特別的注意?！凹?xì)節(jié)”決定成敗，這句話很有道理。

5.2 不斷加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐能力

正所謂“實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，書本上的知識只能代表我們擁有了理論能力，但工作的能力是靠實(shí)際的鍛煉得到培養(yǎng)的。如果我們?nèi)狈?shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在翻譯工作中很可能會(huì)上當(dāng)受騙。例如，在外商草擬的合同草案中，我們不僅要理解其字面意思，更要弄清其潛在含義。當(dāng)買方要求賣方提供某些與設(shè)計(jì)或技術(shù)有關(guān)的資料、數(shù)據(jù)、公式時(shí)，賣方很可能會(huì)用合同上的諸如 “The seller shall submit the data concerned to the buyer if possible”(如果可能，賣方將向買方提供有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù))之類的句子推脫。因?yàn)椤叭绻赡埽╬ossible）”在很大程度上意味著“不可能（impossible）”?？傊?，我們必須通過不斷的實(shí)踐來豐富自我，鍛煉自我，提高我們的判別能力和工作能力。

結(jié)論

商務(wù)英語翻譯是一種跨文化的語際交流，它要求譯者熟悉多種文化，掌握語言運(yùn)用技巧，具備熟練的語言知識，從而完成具有一定語用目的的商業(yè)文化交流。提高商務(wù)英語翻譯技能就應(yīng)關(guān)注商務(wù)英語的語言文化關(guān)聯(lián)，巧妙靈活的達(dá)到原語的語言運(yùn)用目的。在商務(wù)英語翻譯工作中應(yīng)靈活處理因不同文化背景、語言表達(dá)習(xí)慣等因素造成的交際障礙，根據(jù)語境做必要的調(diào)整，避免語用失誤，造成交流和理解的困難。雖然奈達(dá)的功能對等原則在文化因素翻譯方面有一些負(fù)面作用，但是對于商務(wù)英語翻譯仍舊具有重大的意義，尤其是在以往歷史上文化因素的翻譯中起到了非常積極的作用。奈達(dá)的功能對等原則以交際為目的，以讀者為中心，以目的語文化為歸宿，避免了文化沖突，克服了文化障礙，促進(jìn)了雙方的文化交流。

可以這么說，商務(wù)英語翻譯不僅關(guān)系著個(gè)人的命運(yùn)，而且也關(guān)系著公司的前途和國家的形象。

商務(wù)英語的重要性決定了我們必須認(rèn)真對待商務(wù)英語翻譯，而認(rèn)真對待的前提就是遵守翻譯理論中的準(zhǔn)確性、專業(yè)性、文化性這三個(gè)原則，這樣才能力求在翻譯實(shí)踐中做到少犯低級錯(cuò)誤。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們應(yīng)多學(xué)理論知識，充實(shí)自己的頭腦。機(jī)會(huì)是留給有準(zhǔn)備的人的，所以我們必須做到有所準(zhǔn)備，這樣才能在翻譯過程中做到游刃有余、左右逢源。當(dāng)然光靠理論知識是完全不夠的，正如上面提到的“實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，我們也必須抓住機(jī)遇，多參加企業(yè)的商務(wù)活動(dòng)，以加強(qiáng)自己的實(shí)踐能力，這樣既可以提高自己的翻譯能力，也可以鍛煉自己的實(shí)踐能力。

第三篇：商務(wù)英語翻譯

Chinese-English translation

1.只要我們秉承平等與互利的原則，雙方的合作一定會(huì)進(jìn)一步深化。

As long as we keep to the principle of equality and mutual benefit, trade between our two parties is sure to develop further.2.如果一方不執(zhí)行合同，另一方有權(quán)撤銷該合同。

In case one party fails to carry out the contract, the other party is entitled to cancel the contract.3.關(guān)于包裝問題，我方將與廠商聯(lián)系，要求他們對此加以重視。

As to packing, we will contact our manufacturers and call their attention to the matter.4.堅(jiān)固的包裝和箱內(nèi)嚴(yán)密的填充可防止木箱受震、開裂。

Solid packing and overall stuffing can prevent the cases from vibration and jarring.5.很遺憾，這是我們的低價(jià)。如果你覺得價(jià)格不可行，我們只好取消這筆交易。I'm awfully sorry.This is our floor price.If you find it unworkable, we may as well call the deal off.6.請貴方惠寄商品目錄并報(bào)價(jià)，謝謝。

I shall be glad if you will send me your catalogue together with quotations.7.我們一直在提高我們產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)水平，以滿足世界市場的要求。

We are always improving our design and patterns to conform to the world market.8.我們通常采用的付款方式是保兌不可撤銷的信用證。

The terms of payment we usually adopt are confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit.9.由于所訂貨物已備妥待運(yùn)，請即開信用證，我方一收到信用證，立即裝船。As the goods ordered are ready for shipment, please expedite your L/C, we will effect shipment as soon as it reaches us.10.我們已在中國人民控股公司替上述貨物按4000美元投保了一切險(xiǎn)。

We have covered the above shipment with PICC Holding Company against All Risks for $4,000.11.我們只投保水漬險(xiǎn)，包括倉對倉條款，有效期為15天。

We cover only WPA including warehouse to warehouse clause valid for 15 days.12.只要在保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)，保險(xiǎn)公司就應(yīng)賠償。

The insurance company is responsible for the claim, as far as it is within the scope of coverage.13.貨物如果轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，我們得多付運(yùn)費(fèi)。

In case of transshipment, we have to pay extra transportation charges.14.由于貴方訂貨數(shù)量太大，目前無法訂到足夠的艙位，望貴方同意分批裝運(yùn)。As your order is a large one, we are not in a position to book enough shipping space, so we hope you will agree to partial shipment.15.請?zhí)顚戇@份進(jìn)口貨物交運(yùn)單和進(jìn)口貨物包裝聲明。

Please fill out the Import Cargo Shipping Instructions and the Import Cargo Packing Declaration here.16.由于你方未能及時(shí)交貨，我方將向你方提出由此而遭受的全部損失的索賠。We shall lodge a claim for all the losses incurred as a consequence of your failure to ship our order in time.17.我方檢驗(yàn)證明，貨物受損是由于包裝不當(dāng)而造成的。因此，我方不得不將此事提交你處解決。

Our investigation shows that improper packing caused damage.Therefore we have to refer this matter to you.18.考慮到我們之間的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，我們準(zhǔn)備接受35噸短裝的索賠。

In view of our friendly business relations, we are prepared to meet your claim for the 35 tons shortage in weight.19.這是由香港一個(gè)著名實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供的一份檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告，證據(jù)絕對可靠。

Here’s a survey report by a well-known lab in Hong Kong, whose testimony is absolutely reliable.20.根據(jù)我們的檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告，貨物破損的原因是包裝太差。

According to our survey report, the damage was caused by poor packing.

第四篇：商務(wù)英語翻譯

（加黑部分重點(diǎn)掌握，其余部分只做了解。）

1.Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken.有勞貴方，不勝感激。

2.We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter.不勝感激貴方對此事的關(guān)照。

3.We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair.對貴方在此事中的慷慨之舉，深表感謝。

4.Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us.對貴方之盛情，不勝感謝。

7.We should be grateful for your furnishing us details of your requirements.如承賜示具體要求，不勝感激。

8.It will be greatly appreciated if you will kindly send us your samples.如承惠寄樣品，則不勝感激。

9.We shall appreciate it very much if you will give our bid your favorable consideration.如承優(yōu)惠考慮報(bào)價(jià)，不勝感激。

10.We are greatly obliged for your bulk order（大宗訂貨，in bulk 大量的）just received.收到貴方大宗訂貨，不勝感激。

14.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you.我方將不遺余力為貴方效勞。

15.We shall be very glad to handle for you at very low commission charges.我方將很愉快與貴方合作，收費(fèi)低廉。

18.We are always in a position to quote you the most advantageous prices for higher quality merchandise.我們始終能向貴方提供品質(zhì)最佳的產(chǎn)品，報(bào)價(jià)最為優(yōu)惠。

19.This places our dealers in a highly competitive position and also enable them to enjoy a maximum profit.這樣可以使我方經(jīng)營者具有很強(qiáng)的競爭力，還可獲得最大的利潤。

1.Having had your name and address from the Commercial Counselor's office of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in..., we now avail ourselves of this opportunity to write to you and see if we can establish business relations by a start of some Practical transactions.從中華人民共和國駐……大使館商務(wù)參贊處獲悉貴公司名稱和地址，現(xiàn)借此機(jī)會(huì)與貴方通信，意在達(dá)成一些實(shí)際交易為開端，以建立業(yè)務(wù)系。

5.We learn from...that your firm specializes in..., and would like to establish business relationship with you.從……獲悉你公司專門經(jīng)營……，現(xiàn)愿與你公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

承……的介紹，獲悉你們是……有代表性的進(jìn)口商之一。

承貴地……銀行通知，你們是……的主要進(jìn)口商（出口商），并有意與中國進(jìn)行這些方面的貿(mào)易。

8.The...Bank in your city has been kind enough to inform us that you are one of the leading importers(exporters)of...and are interested in trading with China in these lines...據(jù)了解，你們是中國……（商品）有潛力的買主，而該商品正屬我們的業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營范圍。

9.We are given to understand that you are potential buyers of Chinese...,which comes within the frame of our business activities.Autonomous company 具有自主經(jīng)營權(quán)的公司 availability 可銷售能力 Award 裁決、判給 award dinner 頒獎(jiǎng)宴會(huì) Back 支持、資助、贊助 Backer 資助人 Backlog 積壓

Back pay 補(bǔ)發(fā)工資（常為追補(bǔ)的加薪金額）

Bad debt 壞帳，呆帳，倒賬（無法收回的應(yīng)收賬款）Bad publicity 負(fù)面影響

Baggage allowance 行李重量限額

Bagstuffer 公告?zhèn)鲉?，小型宣傳品，通常在街頭散發(fā)或在付款臺前塞進(jìn)顧客購物袋。Balance 余額，平衡

balance of payment 國際收支，簡稱BOP Bancassurance 銀行保險(xiǎn)業(yè), 亦作bankassurance Bank charges 銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)

Banking business 金融業(yè)，銀行業(yè)

Banner towing 條幅廣告

Bar chart 矩形圖，條形圖，直方圖 也稱bar graph or histogram（是以寬度相同的長條，按其長短或高低來表示指標(biāo)或數(shù)值大小的一種圖形。有單式。復(fù)式和分段式三種。其中縱軸線稱為vertical axis,橫軸線稱為horizontal axis.）

Bar code（打印在商品上，與電腦系統(tǒng)連接可讀出商品價(jià)格和參考數(shù)據(jù)的）條形碼，條碼 Bar graph 矩形圖，條形圖，直方圖，也稱bar chart 或histogram Base pay 基本工資

base rate 基本利率，基礎(chǔ)利率 Batch 成批的產(chǎn)品

Bear market 熊市(通常指股市、匯市等金融市場價(jià)格下跌或疲軟)Benchmark 基價(jià)，基準(zhǔn)尺度 Beneficiary 受益人

Benefit premium.(基本工資之外的)福利津貼

Benefits package 一攬子福利，福利套餐（指工資以外的福利，如健康保險(xiǎn)，住房或股票等等）

best selling author 暢銷書作家 Bill 要求……支付

Billboard 露天大廣告牌 Bill of entry 報(bào)關(guān)單 Bill of lading 提單

Binding machine 裝訂機(jī)

Black Friday（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)災(zāi)難性的）黑色星期五，災(zāi)難性的一天 Black Monday(股市狂跌的)黑色星期一 Blockbuster 大力促銷，生意興隆 Blue chip 1 藍(lán)籌股, 績優(yōu)股

accounts 1 賬目例:The financial director was accused of falsifying the company accounts.accounts 2 會(huì)計(jì)部門 即 accounts department 例: She works in accounts.ccounts manager 會(huì)計(jì)部經(jīng)理 accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款例: Accounts payable is created when a firm deals with suppliers who extend credit.advance 預(yù)付款, 墊款例: I asked for an advance on my salary.advanced orders 預(yù)訂貨量例: The development of the game has taken two years but advanced orders are impressive.after-sales warranty 售后保單

against all risks 保全險(xiǎn)例：These are goods insured against all risks.agency 代理行，經(jīng)銷處，公眾服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，代理公司，中介公司例：The firm has agencies all over the world.agency recruitment通過職業(yè)介紹所招聘例：Recruitment in the UK is divided into agency recruitment, advertising or executive search.agenda 議程例：An agenda is a list of things to discuss at a meeting.agent 1 代理商，代理人例：He is an authorized agent for a large insurance company.airlines 航空公司(多用于航空公司名稱中)例: English Royal Dutch Airlines(均大寫)all-risk policy 全險(xiǎn),綜合險(xiǎn),全險(xiǎn)保單例: We have taken out an all-risk policy on the electronic equipment.annual general meeting 股東大會(huì)(根據(jù)法律規(guī)定每年舉行,出席的包括公司成員,股東和董事),簡稱AGM.口語里也稱the yearly shareholders' meeting.例: The financial results will be announced at the annual general meeting.as of 自......起,等于as from 例:I would like to inform you that as of September 6, 2001,the new name for our company will be Sunrise.Certificate of Origin certificate of origin of China showing

中國產(chǎn)地證明書 stating 證明 evidencing specifying 說明 indicating 表明 declaration of 聲明

certificate of Chinese origin

中國產(chǎn)地證明書

Certificate of origin shipment of goods of … origin prohibited 產(chǎn)地證，不允許裝運(yùn)……的產(chǎn)品

packing list detailing…

詳注……的裝箱單

packing list showing in detail…

注明……細(xì)節(jié)的裝箱單 weight list 重量單

weight notes 磅碼單（重量單）detailed weight list 明細(xì)重量單 parcel post receipt 郵包收

certificate customs invoice on form 59A combined certificate of value and origin for developing countries 適用于發(fā)展中國家的包括價(jià)值和產(chǎn)地證明書的格式59A海關(guān)發(fā)票證明書 pure foods certificate 純食品證書

combined certificate of value and Chinese origin

價(jià)值和中國產(chǎn)地聯(lián)合證明書

loading port and destinaltion

裝運(yùn)港與目的港 date of shipment 裝船期

partial shipments and transhipment 分運(yùn)與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)

partial shipments are（not）permitted

（不）允許分運(yùn) partial shipments（are）allowed（prohibited）

準(zhǔn)許（不準(zhǔn)）分運(yùn) without transhipment

不允許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)

transhipment at Hongkong allowed

允許在香港轉(zhuǎn)船

partial shipments are permissible，transhipment is allowed except at…

允許分運(yùn)，除在……外允許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)

partial/prorate shipments are perimtted

允許分運(yùn)/按比例裝運(yùn) valid in…for negotiation until…

在……議付至……止

draft（s）must be presented to the negotiating（or drawee）bank not later than…

匯票不得遲于……交議付行（受票行）

expiry date for presention of documents…

交單滿期日

draft（s）must be negotiated not later than…

匯票要不遲于……議付

this L/C is valid for negotiation in China（or your port）until 15th，July 1977

本證于1977年7月15日止在中國議付有效

bills of exchange must be negotiated within 15 days from the date of bills of lading but not later than August 8，1977

匯票須在提單日起15天內(nèi)議付，但不得遲于1977年8月8日.this credit remains valid in China until 23rd May，1977（inclusive）

本證到1977年5月23日為止，包括當(dāng)日在內(nèi)在中國有效 expiry date August 15，1977 in country of beneficiary for negotiation

于1977年8月15日在受益人國家議付期滿

expiry date 15th August，1977 in the country of the beneficiary unless otherwise

除非另有規(guī)定，（本證）于1977年8月15日受益人國家滿期 draft（s）drawn under this credit must be negotiation in China on or before August 12，1977 after which date this credit expires

憑本證項(xiàng)下開具的匯票要在1977年8月12日或該日以前在中國議付，該日以后本證失效

expiry（expiring）date…

滿期日……（有效期）.…if negotiation on or before…

在……日或該日以前議付

negoation must be on or before the 15th day of shipment

自裝船日起15天或之前議付 this credit shall remain in force until 15th August 197 in China

本證到1977年8月15日為止在中國有效

the credit is available for negotiation or payment abroad until…

本證在國外議付或付款的日期到……為止

the amount and date of negotiation of each draft must be endorsed on reverse hereof by the negotiation bank

每份匯票的議付金額和日期必須由議付行在本證背面簽注

this copy of credit is for your own file，please deliver the attached original to the beneficaries

本證副本供你行存檔，請將隨附之正本遞交給受益人 without you confirmation thereon

（本證）無需你行保兌

documents must be sent by consecutive airmails

單據(jù)須分別由連續(xù)航次郵寄（注：即不要將兩套或數(shù)套單據(jù)同一航次寄出）

all original documents are to be forwarded to us by air mail and duplicate documents by sea-mail

全部單據(jù)的正本須用航郵，副本用平郵寄交我行

please despatch the first set of documents including three copies of commercial invoices direct to us by registered airmail and the second set by following airmail

請將包括3份商業(yè)發(fā)票在內(nèi)的第一套單據(jù)用掛號航郵經(jīng)寄我行，第二套單據(jù)在下一次航郵寄出

original documents must be snet by Registered airmail，and duplicate by subsequent airmail

單據(jù)的正本須用掛號航郵寄送，副本在下一班航郵寄送 documents must by sent by successive（or succeeding）airmails

單據(jù)要由連續(xù)航郵寄送

all documents made out in English must be sent to out bank in one lot

用英文繕制的所有單據(jù)須一次寄交我行 method of reimbursement 索償辦法

available by your draft at sight payable by us in London on the basis to sight draft on New York

憑你行開具之即期匯票向我行在倫敦的機(jī)構(gòu)索回票款，票款在紐約即期兌付

in reimbursement，please claim from our RMB￥ account held with your banking department Bank of China Head Office Beijing with the amount of your negotiation

償付辦法，請?jiān)诒本┛傂形胰嗣駧艓糁兴骰啬阈凶h付之款項(xiàng)

upon presentation of the documents to us，we shall authorize your head office backing department by airmail to debit the proceeds to our foreign business department account

一俟向我行提交單證，我行將用航郵授權(quán)你總行借記我行國外營業(yè)部帳戶

after negotiation，you may reimburse yourselves by debiting our RMB￥ account with you，please forward all relative documents in one lot to us by airmail

議付后請借記我行在你行開立的人民幣帳戶，并將全部有關(guān)單據(jù)用航郵一次寄給我行

all bank charges outside U.K.are for our principals account，but must claimed at the time of presentation of documents

在英國境外發(fā)生的所有銀行費(fèi)用，應(yīng)由開證人負(fù)擔(dān)，但須在提交單據(jù)是索取

negotiating bank may claim reimbursement by T.T.on the…bank certifying that the credit terms have been complied with

議付行須證明本證條款已旅行，并按電匯條款向……銀行索回貨款 abandonment clause: 委付條款 act of god: 不可抗力 actuary: 保險(xiǎn)精算師

all-risks policy:一切險(xiǎn)保單 Assignment clause: 轉(zhuǎn)讓條款 Average: 海損、海損分?jǐn)?Average adjuster: 海損理算人

Average clause: 共同海損分擔(dān)條款 Certificate of insurance: 保險(xiǎn)證明書 Claim: 索賠

Claim assessor: 索賠人 Damage: 損壞賠償金

Damage certificate: 損壞證明書 Damage claim: 損壞索賠 Endorsement: 簽注

Endowment policy: 人壽定期保險(xiǎn)單 Faa(free of all average): 全損賠償 Fpa(free of particular average): 單獨(dú)海損不賠 Free of average: 全損賠償 Insurance broker: 保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 Insurance policy: 保險(xiǎn)單 Insurance premium: 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) Jettison: 投棄

Knock-for-knock agreement: 互撞免賠協(xié)議 Liability insurance: 責(zé)任保險(xiǎn) Life assured: 人壽保險(xiǎn)投保人 Life fund: 人壽保險(xiǎn)基金 Loading: 人壽保險(xiǎn)附加費(fèi) Loss adjuster: 損失理算人 Loss ratio: 賠付率

Marine insurance: 海上運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)

Mortality tables: 死亡率表（用于計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）Motor insurance: 汽車保險(xiǎn)

Mutual insurance company: 互助保險(xiǎn)公司 No-claims bonus: 無索償獎(jiǎng)金 Reinsurance: 再保險(xiǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)保 Renewal: 續(xù)保；延期 Renewal premium: 續(xù)保費(fèi)

Salvage value: 殘值；獲救貨物或船舶的價(jià)值 Third party insurance: 第三方保險(xiǎn) Time policy: 定期保險(xiǎn)單 Unvalued policy: 不定值保單 U/w(underwriter): 承保人

第五篇：商務(wù)英語翻譯

Abstract:

This article introduces the services and development of the Internet of Things, and analyzes the driving forces and obstacles behind such development.Looking at application types and the different development stages of the Internet of Things, this article categorizes its services into four types: identity related services, information aggregation services, collaborative-aware services, and ubiquitous services.For the first two types of services, applications and system framework are discussed;for the last two types, development trends are discussed.Services provided by the Internet of Things will gradually be integrated into human life and society;with the development of the Internet of Things, applications will evolve from relatively simple identity-related and information aggregation-related applications, to collaboratively-aware, and finally ubiquitous applications.It will then be possible for the Internet of Things to be fully integrated with Internet and telecommunications networks.摘要：

本文介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的服務(wù)和發(fā)展和分析這種發(fā)展背后的推動(dòng)力和障礙。尋找在應(yīng)用程序類型和不同發(fā)展階段的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這篇文章總結(jié)為四種類型的服務(wù)：身份相關(guān)服務(wù)，信息聚合服務(wù)，協(xié)作感知的服務(wù)和無處不在服務(wù)。對于前兩種類型的服務(wù)，對應(yīng)用程序和系統(tǒng)框架進(jìn)行了討論，對于最后兩個(gè)類型，對發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行了討論。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的服務(wù)將逐步融入人類的生活和社會(huì)；隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用程序會(huì)從相對簡單的身份到有關(guān)的信息聚合到協(xié)作感知相關(guān)的應(yīng)用發(fā)展，并最終成為無處不在的應(yīng)用。然后，它將充分結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Development of the Internet of Things

The concept“Internet of Things”was coined by Kevin Ashton of Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in 1999, and is defined as follows: all things are connected to the Internet via sensing devices such as Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)to achieve intelligent

identification and management.Early in 1995, the book The Power to Predict [1] first described application scenarios of the Internet of Things.In recent times, the Internet of Things has developed rapidly and globally due to increasing government and enterprise investment in projects in regions such as the USA, Europe, Japan, and

South Korea.IBM’s Smarter Planet initiative will see an investment of 3 million dollars made in smart grid and digital healthcare projects.The EU has proposed an i2010 policy framework that aims to enhance economic efficiency and promote the development of Information and

Communication Technologies(ICT)through widespread use of these technologies.In Japan, the i-Japan strategy is based on E-Japan and U-Japan.South Korea has also proposed a new project for the Internet of Things.In China, Prime Minister Wen Jiabo presented the concept

of“Experiencing China”in August 2009.Driven by the Chinese Government, the Internet of Things industry has developed rapidly in China.1、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的因素

由凱文·阿什頓的美國麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）于1999年提出的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的概念，定義如下：所有的東西都連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如射頻識別（RFID）傳感裝置，以實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化識別和管理。早在1995年，這本書的動(dòng)力預(yù)測首先介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用場景。

在最近幾年，隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和全球化的迅速發(fā)展，越來越多的政府和企業(yè)在美國，歐洲，日本，韓國等地區(qū)進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目的投資。IBM的智慧地球倡議，將在智能電網(wǎng)和數(shù)字醫(yī)療保健項(xiàng)目中得到3億美元的投資。歐盟已經(jīng)提出了一個(gè)2010年的政策框架，其目的是提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率和促進(jìn)通過這些技術(shù)的廣泛使用使信息和通信技術(shù)（ICT）得到發(fā)展。在日本，他的戰(zhàn)略是基于E-日本和U-日本。韓國也提出了關(guān)于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新項(xiàng)目。2009年8月，中國總理溫家寶提出的“體驗(yàn)中國”的概念。在中國政府的推動(dòng)下，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國發(fā)展迅速。

1.1 Driving Forces for Development of the Internet of Things

First, the development of the Internet of Things conforms to the trend of using information technologies to better serve society.On the one hand, modern society suffers development bottlenecks in the fields of energy, transport, logistics and financing.On the other, people have direct demands in health, and medical treatment and services.With a general belief that

information technologies make for smarter terminals, wider networks, and better services than other technologies, they are naturally chosen to solve problems encountered in social and economic development as well as to enhance standards of living.Second, the Internet of Things is regarded as a new source of economic growth by many

governments.The Information Superhighway Plan implemented by the Clinton administration brought 10 years of rapid economic development to the USA.Now, the Obama administration has put forward“Smarter Earth,”which probably has relations with the Information Superhighway Plan.In China, the Internet of Things is regarded as the practice of using information technologies to promote industrialization.In regions such as Europe, Japan, and South Korea, government plays an important role in Internet of Things planning.Third, with its businesses reaching saturation point, the telecom industry also regards the Internet of Things as a new breakthrough.In many European countries, mobile phone penetration rate has reached 100%.As a result, person-to-thing and thing-to-thing communication has been placed high on the agenda.The Internet of Things therefore represents a new stage in the development of the telecom industry.1.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展動(dòng)力

首先，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，符合在使用信息技術(shù)下可以更好地為社會(huì)服務(wù)的趨勢。一方面，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受瓶頸，包括能源，運(yùn)輸，物流和融資等領(lǐng)域。另一方面，人有直接的需求在衛(wèi)生，醫(yī)療和服務(wù)方面。智慧型終端將更廣泛的應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，與其他技術(shù)相比，可以更好的服務(wù)于信息技術(shù)，可以用來解決在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中遇到的問題和提高人民生活水平。第二，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)被許多國家的政府視為一個(gè)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長源?？肆诸D政府實(shí)施的“信息高速公路計(jì)劃購買美國10年來經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，奧巴馬政府已提出“智慧地球”，這可能與信息高速公路計(jì)劃的關(guān)系。在中國，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)被視為利用信息技術(shù)推動(dòng)工業(yè)化的方法。在歐洲，日本和韓國等地區(qū)，政府在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)規(guī)劃中起著重要的作用。

第三，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)達(dá)到飽和點(diǎn)，電信業(yè)也被視為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的一個(gè)新的突破點(diǎn)。在歐洲許多國家，移動(dòng)電話普及率已達(dá)100％。因此，人對事物和事物對事物通信已被提上議事日程。因此，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展代表電信業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)新階段。Services of the Internet of Things

There are a large number of applications that can be included as Internet of Things services, and these can be classified according to different criteria.According to technical features, Internet of Things services can be divided into 4 types: identity-related services[2], information

aggregation services, collaborative-aware services, and ubiquitous services[3].It is generally agreed that an inevitable trend for the Internet of Things will be its

development from information aggregation to collaborative awareness and ubiquitous

convergence, and that not all services of the Internet of Things will develop to the stage of ubiquitous convergence.Many applications and services only require information aggregation, and are not intended for ubiquitous convergence as the information is closed, confidential, and applicable only to a small group.2聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)

物聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)包括了大量的應(yīng)用，而這些應(yīng)用可以根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類。根據(jù)技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，就互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)可分為4種類型：[1]身份相關(guān)的服務(wù)[2]，聚合信息服務(wù)，[3]協(xié)同感知的服務(wù)，和[4]無處不在的服務(wù)。

人們普遍認(rèn)為，一個(gè)必然的趨勢物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將是其發(fā)展的信息聚合協(xié)作意識和無處不在的收斂，并非所有的聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)將無處不在的融洽。很多應(yīng)用和服務(wù)的發(fā)展階段，只需要信息聚合，不用于無處不在收斂的信息是封閉的，保密和適用只有一小群。

2.1 Identity-Related Services

Identity-related services adopt identity technologies such as RFID, two-dimensional code, and barcode.Figure 1 lists some identity-related services.According to the identification mode of the terminal, identity-related services can be divided into two categories: active and passive.They can also be classified by served objects(enterprise or individual): personal applications or enterprise services.The implementation of different applications may vary.Figure 2 illustrates the basic principle of tag-based information acquisition services.The general procedure for such services is as

follows: first, an RFID tag is attached to a thing.Then, a read device accesses the information in the RFID tag(including the identity information of the thing), and makes a request to the name resolution server of the Internet of Things.In this way, it may obtain the Uniform Resource Identifier(URI)of the thing.Finally, the read device obtains further information from the URI.2.1身份有關(guān)的服務(wù)

身份有關(guān)的服務(wù)采用身份的技術(shù)，如RFID，二維碼和條碼。圖1列出了一些身份有關(guān)的服務(wù)。

根據(jù)終端識別模式，身份有關(guān)的服務(wù)可分為兩個(gè)類別：主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)。它們也可以被列為服務(wù)對象（企業(yè)或個(gè)人）：個(gè)人申請或企業(yè)不同的應(yīng)用服務(wù)。

實(shí)施可能會(huì)有所不同。圖2顯示了基于標(biāo)簽的信息獲取服務(wù)的基本原則。一般程序這樣的服務(wù)如下：首先，RFID標(biāo)簽連接到一件事。然后，讀取設(shè)備的訪問，在RFID標(biāo)簽的信息（包括身份信息的事情），使得聯(lián)網(wǎng)名稱解析服務(wù)器的請求。在這種方式，它可以得到的東西的統(tǒng)一資源標(biāo)識符（URI）。最后，讀取裝置從URI取得進(jìn)一步的信息。Key Technologies for the Internet of Things

The above discussion shows that implementation of services in the Internet of Things mainly involves the key technologies of sensor, sensor network, sensor network-related communication, communication network, the Internet of Things platform, and integrated technologies.The sensor is used to collect information in the Internet of Things;it is the basic part that senses the real world, and offers services and applications.However, due to the diversity of sensors(there are temperature, pressure, speed, humidity, height, video, image, and location sensors), information interfaces provided by these sensors vary widely.This is the greatest challenge for mass production of Internet of Things terminals.Much research has already been conducted into sensor networks, and a complete set of specifications have been made for the physical layer, link layer, and network layer.But sensor networks have not been put into application on a large scale[6].Typical sensor network-related communication technologies include Bluetooth, Infrared Data Association(IrDA), Wireless

Fidelity(Wi-Fi), ZigBee, RFID, Ultra-Wide Band(UWB), Near Filed Communication(NFC), and WirelessHart.Sensor networks will evolve to next generation IP networks(e.g.IPv6 networks), and sensor terminals will tend to become smarter.The intelligence of a sensor network is mainly reflected in its IP technology, low power consumption, small size, bidirectional transfer of information, and non-manual maintenance.Communication networks provide the data transmission channel for the Internet of Things.Current research into communication networks focuses on how to enhance existing networks to meet the service requirements of the Internet of Things(e.g.low data rate, low mobility).The Internet of Things platform works with terminals as well as exiting networks and systems to provide the capabilities to various applications.In terms of network architecture, a unified service platform that is suitable for applications of multiple industries is required to support cross-sector, unified information services.In particular, when the Internet of Things develops into the collaborative-aware or even ubiquitous service stages, more effective network framework, name address, routing, and communication protocols have to be worked out.3.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

上述討論表明，在實(shí)施物聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)時(shí)將主要涉及傳感器、傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，基于傳感器的溝通交流、網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺和綜合技術(shù)等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。

該傳感器是用來收集在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的信息，它是實(shí)現(xiàn)感知現(xiàn)實(shí)世界這一功能的基本組成部分并提供服務(wù)和應(yīng)用。然而，由于傳感器的多樣性（比如溫度，壓力，速度，濕度，高度，視頻，圖像，位置傳感器），這些傳感器的信息接口的千差萬別。這也成為了眾多物聯(lián)網(wǎng)終端最大的挑戰(zhàn)。

許多研究已經(jīng)針對傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)展開，并完成了一整套物理層，鏈路層和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的規(guī)格規(guī)范。但傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)仍尚未投入大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用。典型傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)通訊技術(shù)包括藍(lán)牙、紅外通訊（IrDA）、無線保真（Wi-Fi的）、ZigBee、RFID、超寬帶（UWB）、近場通信技術(shù)（NFC）和WirelessHART的。傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)將發(fā)展為下一代IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)（例如IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)），傳感器終端將會(huì)變得更加聰明。傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能主要體現(xiàn)在它的IP技術(shù)、低功耗、體積小、信息雙向傳輸和自動(dòng)維護(hù)上。

通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸通道。目前關(guān)于通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究集中在如何增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)以滿足物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的服務(wù)需求（例如低數(shù)據(jù)率，低流動(dòng)性）。

物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺和終端相兼容，也擁有在脫離網(wǎng)絡(luò)和系統(tǒng)的情況下提供的各種應(yīng)用的能力。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系架構(gòu)中，一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的適合多個(gè)行業(yè)應(yīng)用的服務(wù)平臺將需要跨部門，統(tǒng)一的信息服務(wù)的支持。特別是當(dāng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展成為協(xié)同感知，甚至變成無處不在的服務(wù)的階段，將需要制定更有效的網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架、姓名、地址、路由。