第一篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯總結(jié)

翻譯總結(jié)

一 翻譯中運(yùn)用的理論

通常我們所熟悉的，嚴(yán)復(fù)的三字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“信、達(dá)、雅”（Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance）。用今天的話來(lái)說(shuō)，“信”就是忠實(shí)準(zhǔn)確，“達(dá)”就是通順流暢，“雅”就是文字古雅。嚴(yán)復(fù)的“信、達(dá)、雅”被公認(rèn)為翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其影響深遠(yuǎn)。它對(duì)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)的翻譯同樣指導(dǎo)作用，商務(wù)英語(yǔ)要求語(yǔ)言嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確就要做到“信”，同時(shí)在“信”的基礎(chǔ)上追求“達(dá)、雅”。

理解（comprehension）可分為廣義理解和狹義理解。廣義理解指對(duì)原文作者的個(gè)人、原文產(chǎn)生的時(shí)代背景、作品的內(nèi)容以及原文讀者對(duì)該作品的反映。狹義的理解僅指對(duì)原作文本的理解。這中理解主要包括語(yǔ)法分析、語(yǔ)義分析、語(yǔ)體分析和語(yǔ)篇分析（grammatical analysis, semantic analysis, stylistic analysis and text analysis）。理解是翻譯成功與否的先決條件和重要步驟，務(wù)必正確可靠，杜絕謬誤。

語(yǔ)義分析（Semantic Analysis）是語(yǔ)言分析的一個(gè)分支，說(shuō)明處在一定語(yǔ)境中，按照一定次序排列的詞項(xiàng)之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，探索詞項(xiàng)的意義。把握好原語(yǔ)的全部意義，是翻譯成效的關(guān)鍵。

翻譯實(shí)踐最基本方法是直譯和意譯。直譯（literal translation）：為了把原文的意思完整的表達(dá)出來(lái)，基本保留原文的語(yǔ)言形式（詞語(yǔ)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、修辭手法、民族和地方特色）的方式，做到在內(nèi)容和形式兩方面都忠實(shí)于原作。意譯（liberal translation）：在直譯不能忠實(shí)于原文意義的情況下，需要譯者擺脫原文形式的束縛，用符合譯入語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言規(guī)范的方式重現(xiàn)原文意義的翻譯方式。

釋義是指舍棄原文中的具體形象，直接解釋出原文的意思。在翻譯一些具有鮮明民族色彩的詞語(yǔ)（如成語(yǔ)、典故）時(shí)，如果直譯不能使譯入語(yǔ)讀者明白意思，而加注又使譯文太嚕嗦，并且原文重意不重形、重意不重典時(shí)，可采用釋義法。它既可使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔明了，又不損害對(duì)原文信息的傳達(dá)。

增詞：在譯文的詞量上作適當(dāng)?shù)脑黾?，使譯文既能忠實(shí)地傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格，又能符合譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。增詞一般出于三種考慮：語(yǔ)法需要，意義需要，修辭需要。減詞：將原文中需要而譯文中又不需要的詞語(yǔ)省去。

句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換是指英語(yǔ)中的某一句子成分譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種句子成分。句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換在主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間展開。由于英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的不同，在表達(dá)的語(yǔ)序上是由差異的，語(yǔ)序的不同也導(dǎo)致了成分的變化，所以翻譯時(shí)會(huì)遇到句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換。二 翻譯心得技巧

我談?wù)劸唧w翻譯時(shí)的一些技巧: 大家大概都應(yīng)預(yù)先清楚明白自己專業(yè)方向的國(guó)內(nèi)牛人，在這里我強(qiáng)烈建議我們仔細(xì)看完這些頭上長(zhǎng)角的人物的中英文文章，這對(duì)你在專業(yè)方向的英文和中文互譯水平提高有很大幫助。

通常我們最蹩腳的實(shí)質(zhì)上是寫英文論文，而非看英文論文，但話說(shuō)回來(lái)我們最終提高還是要從看英文論文開始。提到會(huì)看，我想它是有竅門的，總結(jié)如下：

1、把不同方面的論文分夾存放，在看論文時(shí)，對(duì)論文必須做到看完后完全明白（你重視的論文）；懂得其某部分講了什么（你需要參考的部分論文），在看明白這些論文的情況下，我們大家還得緊接著做的工作就是把論文中你覺得非常巧妙的表達(dá)寫下來(lái)，或者是你論文或許能用到的表達(dá)摘記成本。這個(gè)本將是你以后的財(cái)富。你寫論文時(shí)再也不會(huì)為了一些表達(dá)不符合西方表達(dá)模式而煩惱。

2、把摘記的內(nèi)容自己編寫成檢索，這個(gè)過(guò)程是我們對(duì)文章再回顧，而且是對(duì)你摘抄的經(jīng)典妙筆進(jìn)行梳理的重要階段。你有了這個(gè)過(guò)程。寫英文論文時(shí)，將會(huì)有一種信手拈來(lái)的感覺。許多文筆我們不需要自己再翻譯了。當(dāng)然前提是你梳理的非常細(xì)，而且中英文對(duì)照寫的比較詳細(xì)。

3、最后一點(diǎn)就是我們往大成修煉的階段了，萬(wàn)事不是說(shuō)成的，它是做出來(lái)的。寫英文論文也就像我們小學(xué)時(shí)開始學(xué)寫作文一樣，你不練筆是肯定寫不出好作品來(lái)的。所以在此我鼓勵(lì)大家有時(shí)嘗試著把自己的論文強(qiáng)迫自己寫成英文的，一遍不行，可以再修改。最起碼到最后你會(huì)很滿意。我想我是這么覺得的。

其實(shí)，不管是表達(dá)還是思維，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候一定要多下苦工，要在不斷學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中提高自己的英語(yǔ)能力，這可以說(shuō)是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的前提。英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累的過(guò)程，在這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，我們一定要掌握一些英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方法和技巧，讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變得更加有趣，這樣可以提高大家的英語(yǔ)能力，培養(yǎng)良好的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯總結(jié)

Unit1

中譯英

1、為了方便起見，這些照片將按照時(shí)間順序展示。

For convenience, the photos will be shown in time sequence.2、出現(xiàn)事故后你要把車停下。

You are required to stop your car after an accident.3、教育孩子的觀念和做法因文化的差異而有所不同。

The conceptions and practices of child education vary from culture to culture.4、與其說(shuō)他是為音樂(lè)家，倒不如說(shuō)他是位詩(shī)人。

He is more of a poet than a musician.5、我父親已好心地提出送我們?nèi)ワw機(jī)場(chǎng)。

My father has kindly offered to take us to the airport.6、我們確實(shí)應(yīng)該找個(gè)時(shí)間很快見面，討論一下細(xì)節(jié)。

We really should meet sometime soon to discuss the details.英譯中

1、It seems ages since we heard from you—and even longer since you went to work in China.似乎很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有收到你的來(lái)信了，從你到中國(guó)時(shí)算起，到現(xiàn)在就更久了。

2、So I am writing straightaway—to make sure this reaches you well before you leave

Shanghai—in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.所以我馬上寫信——好讓你離開上海之前肯定能收到這封信——希望你們倆在英格蘭逗留期間能和我們一起住幾天。

3、We shall be having two other friends of ours staying with us over the New Year weekend, and

it would be nice if you could come then, too.我們還有兩個(gè)朋友和我們一起度新年的周末，所以，到時(shí)候你也能來(lái)的話就太好了。

4、And if we get some decent weather, we might all go off one day and visit the Carters—I’m

sure we can get Uncle Arthur to lend us his minibus.而且如果我們遇上好天氣的話，我們可以找一天一起出去拜訪卡特一家——我們一定可以讓阿瑟叔叔把他的面包車借給我們。

5、Mary is well and still enjoying her school teaching(at least, I think so);the children are

growing up at a terrifying rate;I am still working for Sanderson’s and liking it well enough—though occasionally pinning for the footloose days of long ago.瑪麗很好而且很喜歡她的教學(xué)工作（至少我這樣認(rèn)為）；孩子們長(zhǎng)得飛快；我還在桑德森公司工作，而且工作很稱心——雖然偶爾我也會(huì)渴望從前自由自在的日子。

Unit 2

中譯英

1、他們通過(guò)舞蹈手段講述了那個(gè)故事。

They told the story through the medium of dance.2、氣溫將在周末急劇上升到80°F 左右。

The temperature will increase greatly into the eighty Fahrenheit over the weekend.3、我們?cè)谶^(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里已經(jīng)成功地加速了生產(chǎn)速度。

We have succeeded in speeding up the production rate in the last few months.4、貨款一付，貨物就會(huì)在你方便的時(shí)候運(yùn)到。

Once the payment has been made, the goods will be delivered at your convenience.5、他們可以全面查閱公司的檔案。

They have complete access to the company’s files.6、這原先只是一間臥室，但是現(xiàn)在我們把它改成了書房。

Originally it was a bedroom, but we have turned it into a study now.英譯中

1、I find it very relaxing to spend an evening chatting with new friends.我發(fā)現(xiàn)，花上一個(gè)晚上于新朋友聊天是非常輕松的。

2、Something is wrong with the television—the picture’s gone fuzzy.電視機(jī)出了毛病——畫面有些模糊。

3、We should make allowances for bad weather and have enough of umbrellas available.我們應(yīng)該考慮到惡劣的天氣，應(yīng)該攜帶足夠的雨傘。

4、I’m thinking of traveling overseas in terms of the money needed.我在考慮明年到國(guó)外旅游所需的資金。

5、I’m well aware of the problems related to this new road—it runs right past my office.我完全意識(shí)到這條新路引起的問(wèn)題——新路正好穿過(guò)我的辦公室的旁邊。

6、The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.東西便宜并不一定就意味著質(zhì)量不好。

Unit3

中譯英

1、請(qǐng)給家里打個(gè)電話，告訴他們我正在去公司的路上。

Please dial home and tell them I’m on the way to the company.2、從那時(shí)起生產(chǎn)就一直沒有倒退過(guò)。

Since then there has never been any setback in production.3、我看見他把鑰匙插入鎖中。

I saw him insert the key into the lock.4、我建議你把錢存入銀行。

I suggest that you make a deposit at the bank.5、昨天王先生結(jié)賬離開了那家旅館。

Yesterday Mr.Wang checked out from that hotel.英譯中

1、All phone numbers have seven digits, though letters and numbers are sometimes used in

combination.盡管有時(shí)是字母與數(shù)字混合使用，所有的電話號(hào)碼都是7位數(shù)字。

2、If you need a phone number that’s not in your phone book, call Directory Assistance。如果您要打的電話號(hào)碼在電話薄上沒有,可以給查詢臺(tái)打電話。

3、On operator-assisted calls , the operator will ask you to deposit more money before your time

is up.打由話務(wù)員轉(zhuǎn)接的電話，在通話時(shí)間用完之前話務(wù)員會(huì)提示您再投幣。

4、Businesses and professional services are listed in a special classified directory—the Yellow

Pages.公司企業(yè)和專業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的電話號(hào)碼則列在特別的分類電話簿——黃頁(yè)中。

5、For example, New York City has one area code, but so does the whole state of Oregon.例如，紐約市有一個(gè)區(qū)號(hào)，但俄勒岡州全州也有一個(gè)區(qū)號(hào)。

6、This means that you can make the call again to the right number without having to pay more

money;or you can have the phone company mail you a credit coupon that has the same value as the phone call

這樣您不必多付錢就可以重?fù)茈娫捥?hào)碼；或者您可以讓電話公司給您郵一張?jiān)捹M(fèi)相當(dāng)?shù)男庞每▋?yōu)惠券。

Unit 4

中譯英

1、如遇緊急情況，請(qǐng)撥打報(bào)警電話110.In case of emergency, please dial the alarm number 110.2、在校外住的學(xué)生每天乘班車上學(xué)和回家。

The off-campus students go to and from school every day by school bus.3、給他安排房間前，接待員記下了他的姓名和身份證號(hào)碼。

The receptionist jotted down his name and ID number before arranging for his room.4、離開時(shí)請(qǐng)把空調(diào)關(guān)掉。

Upon departure, please turn off the air-conditioner.5、如果還有其他要求，請(qǐng)與客房經(jīng)理聯(lián)系。

If you have any additional requests or needs, please contact the resident manager.英譯中

1、He paid little attention to the details of the plan.他沒有注意到計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)。

2、Wherever you are in the world, you can chat with your friend on the Internet.無(wú)論你在世界什么地方，你都可以通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與朋友聊天。

3、They teamed up with another family to rent a house for the summer vacation.他們與另一家人合租了一棟房子在那里度暑假。

4、We are especially interested in those value-added projects.我們對(duì)那些能增值的項(xiàng)目特別感興趣。

5、Dickens was one of the world’s most famous and productive writers.狄更斯是世界著名的多產(chǎn)作家之一。

6、The founder of the hotel made a commitment to quality over 75 years ago.酒店的創(chuàng)辦人75年前對(duì)服務(wù)質(zhì)量就做出了承諾。

7、I expect he will be able to cater for your particular needs.我期望他能滿足你的特殊需要。

8、We asked high school students to participate in an antidrug campaign.我們要求中學(xué)生參加一次反毒品活動(dòng)。

Unit 5

中譯英

1、恐怕這些鞋子沒有你穿的尺寸。

I’m afraid these shoes are not available in your size.2、你能聞出這牛奶是否新鮮嗎。

Can you smell whether the milk is fresh or not?

3、當(dāng)警察抓住他時(shí)，他正拿手搶對(duì)著他的經(jīng)理。

He was caught by the policeman pointing a gun at his manager.4、杰克渴望在談判中取得成功。

Jack has a strong desire to succeed in the negotiation.5、你能保證把這臺(tái)電腦完好無(wú)損的還給我嗎？

Can you promise to return me the computer in good condition?

英譯中

1、It is with great pleasure that we have come together today to take in this joyous occasion with

this couple whom we love and respect so much.在這喜慶的時(shí)刻，我們聚集在一起參加今天的婚禮，共同為我們鐘愛和敬重的新人祝福。

2、But I think the radiance, the grace, the beauty of the bride, Jennifer, makes this special day

even more remarkable.不過(guò)我覺得新娘詹妮弗的光彩、高雅和美麗是今天這個(gè)特殊的日子更不尋常。

3、We have all experienced her thoughtfulness, her consideration, and her warmth, and know that

there is always a big smile on her face for her loved ones.我們都曾感受過(guò)她的體貼、周到和熱情。對(duì)她所愛的人，她的臉上總是綻出親切的微笑。

4、The younger children must be excited with the expectation of their own special time to come

sometime in the future.孩子們也會(huì)懷著對(duì)將來(lái)自己在這一特殊的時(shí)刻的期盼而興奮不已。

5、All your family and friends gathered here hope that today is the beginning of a wonderful

lifelong partnership with the lucky groom.歡聚在這兒的所有家人和朋友都希望今天是你也幸運(yùn)的新郎結(jié)成終生伴侶的良好開端。

6、Please rise together with me in offering our sincere wishes that the coming years will be filled

with peace, joy, happiness, and love.請(qǐng)起立與我共同舉杯，讓我們衷心祝愿，未來(lái)的年月將充滿祥和、快樂(lè)、幸福和情愛。

Unit 6

中譯英

1、這位藝術(shù)家用這塊木頭雕了一塊裝飾品。

This artist carved a decoration out of this piece of wood.2、她的責(zé)任包括接電話和招呼來(lái)訪者。

Her responsibilities consist of answering the phone and greeting visitors.3、總共200人參觀了這座城堡。

A total of two hundred people visited the castle.4、這幢大樓里設(shè)有健身房和游泳池。

The building is equipped with a gymnasium and a swimming pool.5、星期六演出的票弄不到了。

There are no tickets available for Saturday’s performance.英譯中

1、He told me to get out, or something to that effect.他叫我滾出去，或是說(shuō)了這一類的話。

2、At first he suspected the letter was a forgery, but on close inspection, it turned out to be genuine.開始他懷疑信是偽造的，但仔細(xì)檢查后發(fā)現(xiàn)是真的。

3、You can turn on your computer and go surfing on the web.你可以打開電腦，上網(wǎng)漫游。

4、It is the biggest real estate transaction in the city’s history.這是該城歷史上最大的一筆房產(chǎn)交易。

5、There is no charge for children under six.6歲以下兒童免費(fèi)。

6、He questioned whether the government’s database was secure from hackers.他詢問(wèn)政府的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否能免遭黑客的攻擊。

7、We were planning to go out, but ended up watching videos.我們本來(lái)計(jì)劃出去，但最終還是看了錄像。

8、The performance begins promptly at eight o’clock.演出八點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)開始。

9、I was browsing through a newspaper when I spotted your name.我正在瀏覽報(bào)紙，突然看到了你的名字。

10、Mom assured us that everything would be all right.媽媽向我們保證一切都會(huì)好的。

Unit 7

中譯英

1、那個(gè)建議在會(huì)上未引起多大興趣。

That proposal aroused little enthusiasm at the meeting.2、新來(lái)的軍官很快贏得了士兵的尊敬。

The new officer soon earned the respect of his soldiers.3、全村很快便人心惶惶了。

Fear spread quickly through the village.4、現(xiàn)在主席要向大會(huì)發(fā)表演講。

The chairman will now address the meeting.5、好教師總是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考。

Good teachers often encourage their students to think for themselves.6、我正想把實(shí)際發(fā)生的情況告訴他，但他打斷了我的話。

I was going to tell him what really happened, but he cut me short.7、孩子們急切地等著兒童劇開演。

The children were waiting expectantly for the pantomime to start.8、她退休到了佛羅里達(dá)，仍然過(guò)著忙碌的生活。

She retired to Florida and still led a busy life.英譯中

1、I can contribute a little to the fund.我可以為這一基金出一份力。

2、We’ll carry on the project in spite of the difficulties.盡管困難重重，我們將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

3、He is responsible for the product development of his company.他負(fù)責(zé)公司的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)。

4、Clothes and food have been distributed to the earthquake-stricken area.衣服和食品已經(jīng)分發(fā)給地震災(zāi)區(qū)。

5、The employees strive to complete the annual target.員工們力爭(zhēng)完成目標(biāo)。

6、They were unsure of who was to blame.他們吃不準(zhǔn)該責(zé)備誰(shuí)。

7、She served as an advisor to the company.她當(dāng)過(guò)這家公司的顧問(wèn)。

8、He counts Lucy as one of his close friends.他把露西當(dāng)作自己親密的朋友。

9、All the members of the committee take turns acting as chairperson.委員會(huì)的所有成員輪流當(dāng)主席。

10、Students hoped for more of a reward for their achievement than an announcement in the school paper.學(xué)生希望得到更多的獎(jiǎng)賞，而不只是在校報(bào)上發(fā)布他們的成就。

Unit 8

中譯英

1、只要你做好準(zhǔn)備，面試時(shí)你就會(huì)充滿自信。

You will be full of confidence during the interview as long as you are well prepared.2、這家商店向顧客允諾決不賣假貨。

The shop promised its customers that it would never sell fake goods, and sure enough it did so.3、由于他努力工作，最近他被提升為部門經(jīng)理。

Because he is working hard, he has been promoted to the position of department manager.4、他受到他人的尊重，因?yàn)樗泻茌p的正義感。

He is respected by others because he has a strong sense of justice.5、湯姆叔叔在病中，所以我們現(xiàn)在不想讓他知道這個(gè)消息。

Because Uncle Tom is ill, we don’t want to let him in on the news right now.6、一個(gè)好的上司應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)他的助手坦率地發(fā)表意見。

A good boss should encourage his assistants to be outspoken in expressing their opinions.英譯中

1、From childhood, Stew Leonard remembered wanting to be somebody, wanting to be noticed

and appreciated.從孩提時(shí)代起，斯蒂.倫納德就立志要做一個(gè)有作為的人，成為引人注目、受人尊重的人。

2、Stew Leonard decided to redesign his dairy business to suit the changing times and his

personality.斯蒂.倫納德決定要重新打造他的牛奶生意，以適應(yīng)時(shí)代的變化，并體現(xiàn)他個(gè)人的風(fēng)格。

3、More than door-to-door service, Stew Leonard found out that customers wanted good milk

prices.斯蒂.倫納德發(fā)現(xiàn)，顧客希望的是牛奶的價(jià)格合理，而不是送貨上門。

4、As the business grew, he created more and more of a Disneyland Dairy Store where customers

might come and bring their children to be entertained.隨著生意的不斷擴(kuò)大，他創(chuàng)造了越來(lái)越像迪斯尼樂(lè)園似的乳品店，顧客們可以帶孩子來(lái)這里玩樂(lè)。

5、To Stew Leonard, the distinction between a supermarket and amusement park is slight, and

not necessarily useful.斯蒂.倫納德認(rèn)為，超級(jí)市場(chǎng)與娛樂(lè)園的區(qū)別是不大的，而區(qū)別不一定有益。

6、Mr.Leonard clearly has the most fun greeting customers, and most are delighted to see him.顯然，倫納德先生很樂(lè)于接待顧客，而大部分顧客也愿意見到他。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯總結(jié)[范文模版]

1.in one's twenties2.fellow countrymen 3.VIP 4.on many occasions 5.stand squarely 6.hold up 7.give birth to...8.long for 9.a man of letters 10.traditional thinking 11.福利工廠welfare factory 12.聾啞人deaf mute 13.手語(yǔ)sign language 14.用平穩(wěn)的語(yǔ)調(diào)in a level voice 15.正式成員full member 16.三十五六歲in one's middle thirties 17.二十年代in the twenties 18.主人公principal character 19.不合理的制度irrational system 20.最高境界the highest ideal 21.Chu Teh remembered his age.He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.朱德想起自己的年齡，他已三十六歲，青春像一路鳴叫的鷹，早已一閃而逝，留給他的是衰老和幻滅。.“You mustn't use all that electricity to please me, ” he protested.他不滿地說(shuō)道：“你們不應(yīng)該費(fèi)這么多電，就為了讓我高興?！?In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.往后我就這樣學(xué)著拼寫，雖然并不理解意思，卻也拼出了許多詞。24.When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride.我終于把這幾個(gè)字母寫對(duì)了，這時(shí)我天真地感到無(wú)限愉快和驕傲。.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years this junior.顧不得拉過(guò)來(lái)的椅子，朱德端端正正地站在這個(gè)比他年輕十歲的青年面前。26.我趕忙向男乘客作了解釋，又用紙條寫了一句話。

I told the man immediately what I was thinking and then I wrote a sentence on a slip of paper.27.從一九二九年到一九四八年這二十年中間，我寫得很快，也寫得多。

In the twenty years between 1929 and 1948, I wrote very quickly and wrote a great deal 28.前兩天有一位日本作家問(wèn)我你怎么同時(shí)喜歡各種流派的作家和作品呢？

A few days ago, a Japanese author asked me how I was able to appreciate authors and books of so many different schools.29.我最近還在另一個(gè)地方說(shuō)過(guò)：藝術(shù)的最高境界是無(wú)技巧。

I've also said recently on another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.30.女乘客這時(shí)也急了，瞪起一雙眼睛回手給了男乘客一拳。Also irritated, the woman stared at him and hit back.31.The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face.My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.午后的陽(yáng)光透過(guò)覆蓋在門廊上的茂密的金銀花，照在我微微仰著的臉上。我?guī)缀跏菬o(wú)意識(shí)地用手撫摸著熟悉的葉片和花朵，這新長(zhǎng)的葉片和剛開的花朵在南方迎來(lái)了芬芳的春天。但不知今后等待著我的是什么，會(huì)使我欣喜，還是驚駭。幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，我又氣又恨，感到非?？鄲?，這種感情上的激烈斗爭(zhēng)過(guò)去之后，我感到渾身無(wú)力。

32.從此以后，我就特別注意聾啞人的特征，還從他們那里學(xué)會(huì)了一些常用的手語(yǔ)。比如，我可以用啞語(yǔ)問(wèn)他們：“朋友，您好！”“您到哪里下車？”“您請(qǐng)往里走！”“謝謝”等等。這樣，不僅我能更好地為他們服務(wù)，與他們進(jìn)行感情交流，也減少了一些他們與其他乘客的誤會(huì)和糾紛。

Since then I have paid special attention to those who look like deaf mutes.I have learned from them some sign language with which I can say such things as “Hello, how are you?”“Where are you going?”“Please move on!”“Thanks!” In this way, I can render them better service and be friends with them and also reduce their misunderstandings and conflicts with other passengers.Unit 1 stories 1.He was thirty-six，his youth had passed like a screaming eagle，leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六歲，青春像一路鳴叫的鷹，早已 一閃而逝，留給他的是衰老和幻滅。2.average height 普通高度 3.gleaming eyes 兩眼閃著光輝

4.in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六歲的年齡

5.Ignoring the chair offered him，Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was，what he had done in the past，how he had fled from Yunnan，talked with Sun Yat-sen，been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai，and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顧不得拉過(guò)來(lái)的椅子，端端正正地站在這個(gè)比他年輕十歲的青年面前，用平穩(wěn)的語(yǔ)調(diào)，說(shuō)明自己的身份和經(jīng)歷： 他怎樣逃出云南，怎樣會(huì)見孫中山，怎樣在上海被陳獨(dú)秀拒絕，怎樣為了尋求自己的新的生活方式和中國(guó)的新的革命道路而來(lái)到歐洲。

6.When both visitors had told their stories，Chou smiled a little，said he would help them find rooms，and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.兩位來(lái)客把經(jīng)歷說(shuō)完后，周恩來(lái)微笑著說(shuō)，他可以幫他們找到住的地方，替他們辦理加入黨在柏林的支部的手續(xù)，在入黨申請(qǐng)書寄往中國(guó)而尚未批準(zhǔn)之前，暫時(shí)作候補(bǔ)黨員。7.Chinese Communist Party中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨

8.兩條要求，忠實(shí)——內(nèi)容，通順——語(yǔ)言

9.Several times on his trips to China，which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government，Bill‘s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中國(guó)官方客人的身份，比爾來(lái)訪中國(guó)已多次了，而且在北京停留期間恰適他生日也有好幾次了。

10.‘ This is for you，’ Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget——such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge，built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on，then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“這是為你安排的?！?這句話比爾。莫諾聽到過(guò)好幾次，每一次都令他難以忘懷。有一次，他沿大運(yùn)河乘船順?biāo)?，途?jīng)的每艘船都鳴笛致敬。還有一次，他參觀雄偉的南京長(zhǎng)江大橋——以前沒橋時(shí)，要靠輪渡托載火車橫渡長(zhǎng)江。夜幕漸漸降臨了，他被安排坐下，并被告知稍坐等候，然后突然間，整個(gè)橋身被燈光勾畫出了一個(gè)清晰的輪廊。11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sulliven，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的記憶里，安妮。曼斯匪爾德。沙利文教師來(lái)的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開始，我的生活與以前迥然不同，一想到這一點(diǎn)，我就感到非常興奮。12.On the afternoon of that eventful day，I stood on the porch，dumb，expectant.那天下午，我一聲不響，懷著期待的心情站在門廊里。

13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog，when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in，and the great ship，tense and anxious，groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen？

I was like that ship before my education began，only I was without compass or sounding-line，and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light！Give me light！” was the wordless cry of my soul，and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷——在海上航行遇上了大霧，周圍一片白，好像著實(shí)把你關(guān)在一個(gè)黑暗的地方，大船上的人又緊張又著急，一面用鉛錘探測(cè)深淺，一面向岸邊慢慢駛?cè)?，你的心也怦怦直跳，生怕出事。我在開始受教育之前，就像這樣一條船，只是沒有羅盤，沒有測(cè)探繩，也無(wú)法知道離海港有多遠(yuǎn)?！肮饷?！給我光明！” 這就是發(fā)自我內(nèi)心深處的無(wú)言的呼喚，也就在這時(shí)候，愛心的光芒照到了我的身上。

14.Someone took it，and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me，and，more than all things else，to love me.有個(gè)人握住了我的手，于是我被抱了起來(lái)，緊緊地抈在了她的懷里。正是她來(lái)到我的身邊，將一切展切在我面前，更重要的是，是她將愛帶給了我。15.monkey-like imitation.猴子模仿似的

16.In the days that followed，I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words，among them pin，hat，cup and a few verbs like sit，stand and walk.接下來(lái)的幾天里，我在根本不知自己在做什么樣情況下，學(xué)會(huì)了拼好些單詞，比如PIN，HAT，CUP 及一些動(dòng)詞，如SIT，STAND AND WALK.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange，new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces，I tried vainly to put them together.那是因?yàn)槲艺靡环N剛剛獲得的全新而奇特的視角來(lái)看待一切事物。進(jìn)屋時(shí)，我想起了被我弄壞的那個(gè)娃娃。我摸索著來(lái)到壁爐前，拾起那些碎片，試圖將它們拼接在一起，卻沒辦到。

18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me，and for the first time longed for a new day to come.當(dāng)那感概萬(wàn)千的一天快要結(jié)束時(shí)，我躺在自己的小床里，感受這一天帶給 我的那些快樂(lè)，我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了。一生中第一次，我期待著新一天的來(lái)臨。19.一切舊的傳統(tǒng)觀念，一切阻止社會(huì)進(jìn)步和人性發(fā)展的不合理的制度。

All outmoded traditional thinking； any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心，又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤一樣。I felt as if my mind was being whipped，as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一個(gè)地方

On another occasion.22.長(zhǎng)得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹，而我的文章就像一個(gè)丑八怪，不打扮，看起來(lái)倒還順眼些。

Physically attractive people don‘t need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster，it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盜名欺世，欺騙讀者的謊言。

This means I oppose fabrication，deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)而言，有三個(gè)方面值得注意：拼法正確，合乎用法——一個(gè)詞怎么用，和哪個(gè)詞連用，很有講究。句子平穩(wěn)—合乎語(yǔ)法。第2章 Unit 2 History

1、The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760.工業(yè)革命是指約1760年開始的一系列變革。a train of：“一長(zhǎng)串”，這里可根據(jù)上下文譯成“一系列”

change: n.(an example of)the act or result of changing，這里譯成”變革“更好。

2、It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789.It is not alone = it is not the only one 因此譯成“它不是唯一的一次革命”更好。triad: a group of 3 closely related people or things one of a triad of revolutions：三大革命之一。

of which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789.這個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句本身又包含兩個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句：that started in 1775和that started in 1789分別修飾the American Revolution 和the French Revolution，英漢翻譯時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與中心詞分句翻譯，限制性定語(yǔ)從句，特別是不長(zhǎng)的，翻譯時(shí)放在中心詞之前。因此，句子可以譯成：

它不是唯一的一次革命，而是三大革命之一。其它兩次是1775年開始的美國(guó)革命和1789年開始的法國(guó)革命。

3、It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes, I think of it as the English Revolution.packet: 包裹，這里是隱喻

譯文：把一次工業(yè)革命與兩次政治革命扯在一起，或許有點(diǎn)奇怪。但是，事實(shí)上，它們都是社會(huì)革命。工業(yè)革命只不過(guò)是以英國(guó)的方式造成那些社會(huì)變化而已。我把它看作是英國(guó)革命。

4、What makes it especially English? 在此，English= of / belong to England;especially = particularly 譯文：是什么使這次革命獨(dú)具英國(guó)特色呢？

5、The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, the blacksmith.這次革命的發(fā)動(dòng)者都是一些手藝人：磨坊技師、鐘表匠、運(yùn)河開鑿人和鐵匠。

6、What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.扎根于農(nóng)村，正是這場(chǎng)革命的英國(guó)特色。

這是一句強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的句子。等于The fact that the Industrial Revolution is rooted in the countryside makes it particularly English.類例：

What worried him was that he had never had such experiences before.7、During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers.在18世紀(jì)上半葉，在牛頓的暮年和皇家學(xué)會(huì)衰落之時(shí)，英國(guó)正陶醉于鄉(xiāng)村工業(yè)和商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)家海外貿(mào)易的最后的極盛時(shí)期。

an Indian summer不能直接譯成“印地安夏季”。翻譯過(guò)程中，不僅要根據(jù)上下文理解理解語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象、理解邏輯關(guān)系，還要理解原文所涉及的事物，這里an Indian summer:的意思是a pleasant or successful time nearly at the end of a particular period, such as the end of someone's life，因此譯成“最后的極盛時(shí)期”才符合原文意義。類例：John can be relied on.He eats no fish and plays the game.約翰為人可靠，他既忠誠(chéng)又正直。這里eat no fish 指“忠實(shí)”，Play the game= play fair（規(guī)規(guī)矩矩地比賽），轉(zhuǎn)義為“公平對(duì)待”、“舉止光明正大”、“為人正直”等。

8、The summer faded.繁榮消失。

9、The organisation of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough.以農(nóng)家為單位勞動(dòng)的組織形式不再具有足夠的生產(chǎn)能力。

這里使用了增詞法。Organization是由動(dòng)詞派生出來(lái)的抽象名詞，在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，在其后增加適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，可以更清楚地表達(dá)抽象意義，并使譯文更符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。類例：When you have made all the parations, please inform me in time.一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒后，請(qǐng)及時(shí)告之。

10、Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed.在兩代人的時(shí)間內(nèi)，大約從1760年到1820年，傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式發(fā)生了變化。

11、Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes.By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.在1760年以前，通常是把工作交給村民，讓他們?cè)诩依锔伞５搅?820年，則通常是把工人帶進(jìn)工廠，讓他們?cè)诒O(jiān)督之下干活。

句中standard的意思是used or accepted as normal or average 所以譯成“一般”、“通?！备?。

二、參考譯文

工業(yè)革命是指約1760年開始的一系列變革。它不是唯一的一次革命，而是三大革命之一。其它兩次是1775年開始的美國(guó)革命和1789年開始的法國(guó)革命。把一次工業(yè)革命與兩次政治革命扯在一起，或許有點(diǎn)奇怪。但是，事實(shí)上，它們都是社會(huì)革命。工業(yè)革命只不過(guò)是以英國(guó)的方式造成那些社會(huì)變化而已。我把它看作是英國(guó)革命。是什么使這次革命獨(dú)具英國(guó)特色呢？不言而喻，因?yàn)樗_始于英國(guó)。英國(guó)那時(shí)已經(jīng)成為頭號(hào)的制造業(yè)國(guó)家。不過(guò)當(dāng)時(shí)的制造業(yè)只是農(nóng)家手工業(yè)，而工業(yè)革命就是在農(nóng)村開始的。這次革命的發(fā)動(dòng)者都是一些手藝人：磨坊技師、鐘表匠、運(yùn)河開鑿人和鐵匠。扎根于農(nóng)村，正是這場(chǎng)革命的英國(guó)特色。

在18世紀(jì)上半葉，在牛頓的暮年和皇家學(xué)會(huì)衰落之時(shí)，英國(guó)正陶醉于鄉(xiāng)村工業(yè)和商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)家海外貿(mào)易的最后的極盛時(shí)期。繁榮消失。貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越激烈。到18世紀(jì)末，工業(yè)的需求更加緊張，更加迫切。以農(nóng)家為單位勞動(dòng)的組織形式不再具有足夠的生產(chǎn)能力。在兩代人的時(shí)間內(nèi)，大約從1760年到1820年，傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式發(fā)生了變化。在1760年以前，通常是把工作交給村民，讓他們?cè)诩依锔?。到?820年，則通常是把工人帶進(jìn)工廠，讓他們?cè)诒O(jiān)督之下干活。

Exercise 5 Machines and Science Help Farmers

1、本練習(xí)選自《美國(guó)歷史簡(jiǎn)介》的REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE章節(jié)。

2、Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nation's basic occupation.= Although there had been great gains in industry, agriculture continued to be the basic occupation.gains: increasing in weight, speed, height or amount這里是increasing in speed的意思。

occupation: 表示“a person's job“時(shí)，在較正規(guī)的場(chǎng)合用。如果譯成： “盡管工業(yè)方面取得了很大進(jìn)步，但農(nóng)業(yè)始終是國(guó)家的基本事業(yè)?！辈皇呛茏匀?，不如意譯成：

“盡管工業(yè)方面取得了很大進(jìn)步，但這個(gè)國(guó)家仍然以農(nóng)業(yè)為主?！备鼮橥?。注意：

在直譯不能很好地表達(dá)原文的意義時(shí)，可以意譯，使譯文讀起來(lái)更通順。但是意譯不是胡來(lái)亂譯，一定要忠實(shí)于原文。

3、The revolution in agriculture--paralleling that in manufacturing after the Civil War--involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming, and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.parallel something: happen at the same time 與...同時(shí)發(fā)生 that:指前面提到的the revolution involve: bring about導(dǎo)致

a shift from...to...從...到...的轉(zhuǎn)變 譯文：

戰(zhàn)后，在制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)發(fā)生革命的同時(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)也在發(fā)生一場(chǎng)革命，帶來(lái)手工勞動(dòng)向機(jī)械耕作的轉(zhuǎn)變、自耕自給農(nóng)業(yè)向商業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變。這里subsistence直譯成“維持生計(jì)”讓人不能理解，應(yīng)譯為“自耕自給農(nóng)業(yè)”。翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)理解。這里我們使用了增詞法，增加“農(nóng)業(yè)”使譯文更通順。本句的翻譯也用到結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換的理論。

4、Between 1860 and 1910, the number of farms in the United States tripled, increasing from 2 million to 6 million, while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.在一八六O年至一九一○年間，美國(guó)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)數(shù)目增加了兩倍，自二百萬(wàn)個(gè)增加到六百萬(wàn)個(gè)，耕地的面積擴(kuò)大了一倍多，從一億六千萬(wàn)公頃增至三億五千二百萬(wàn)公頃。

5、Between 1860 and 1890, the production of such basic commodities as wheat, corn and cotton outstripped all vious figures in the United States.從一八六O年至一八九O年，各種基本農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，如小麥、玉米和棉花等，都超過(guò)了美國(guó)以前的產(chǎn)量。

6、In the same period, the nation's population more than doubled, with largest growth in the cities.同時(shí)，全國(guó)人口也增加一倍多，城市人口增長(zhǎng)最快。名—?jiǎng)釉~

7、But the American farmer grew enough grain and cotton, raised enough beef and pork, and clipped enough wool not only to supply American workers and their families but also to create ever-increasing surpluses.然而，美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)人口生產(chǎn)了足夠的糧食和棉花，提供了充足的豬肉和牛肉，收剪的羊毛，不但足夠供給美國(guó)工人及其家庭的需要，并且剩余量日益增加。

8、Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement.One was the expansion into the West.Another was the application of machinery to farming.extraordinary ：非凡的；驚人的 account for: explain farming:耕作 譯文：

取得這一非凡的成就有幾方面的原因：第一個(gè)原因是向西部的擴(kuò)展，第二個(gè)原因是農(nóng)業(yè)耕作使用機(jī)器。

9、The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut 20 percent of a hectare（hektair）of wheat a day.With the cradle, 30 years later, he might cut 80 percent of a hectare daily.在一八○○年，一個(gè)農(nóng)民使用鐮刀，在一天之內(nèi)，可望收割五分之一公頃小麥，但三十年后，使用附有搖籃架的大鐮刀，每天就可以收割十分之八公頃。

10、In 1840 Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the reaper, the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.到一八四O年，麥柯密克創(chuàng)造了奇跡。使用他研究了差不多十年才制造出來(lái)的神奇的割禾機(jī)，竟然一天能收割二公頃到二公頃半。

注意這里定語(yǔ)從句he had been developing for nearly 10 years使用“合并法”翻譯，譯文中該從句放在被修飾詞之前。

11、Foreseeing the demand, he headed west to the young prairie（尤指北美大草原）town of Chicago, where he set up a factory--and by 1860 sold a quarter of a million reapers.where he set up a factory為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用“分譯法”翻譯 Foreseeing the demand現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，主句中headed和sold為并列的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。

a quarter of a million：1/4百萬(wàn)，也就是“25萬(wàn)”。

譯文：

由于他的遠(yuǎn)見，他便去西部新興草原市鎮(zhèn)芝加哥，在那里他開設(shè)了收割機(jī)工廠。到一八六O年，他售出的收割機(jī)共有二十五萬(wàn)架之多。

12、Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.本句因?yàn)镾carcely放于句首，句子倒裝。Scarcely less important這里可以采用反譯法。譯成“幾乎同等重要”。類例：I never see her but I want to kiss her.我每次看見她都想吻她。譯文：

在農(nóng)業(yè)革命中和機(jī)械幾乎同等重要的是科學(xué)。

13、In 1862 the Morrill Land Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges.These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming.一八六二年，根據(jù)“莫里爾公地興學(xué)法案”，國(guó)會(huì)把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)學(xué)院。這些學(xué)校一方面是教育機(jī)關(guān)，另一方面，也是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的研究中心。

14、Congress subsequently appropriated funds for the creation of agricultural experiment stations throughout the country and also granted funds directly to the Department of Agriculture for research purposes.appropriated：撥?？詈髞?lái)

譯文：

國(guó)會(huì)又撥款在全國(guó)各地遍設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)站，并直接撥款給農(nóng)業(yè)部作研究用。

15、By the beginning of the new century, scientists throughout the United States were at work on a wide variety of agricultural projects.在新世紀(jì)開始時(shí)，在全國(guó)各地的科學(xué)家都在廣泛地進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。（都屬于詞類轉(zhuǎn)換）

二、參考譯文

機(jī)器和科學(xué)幫助農(nóng)民

盡管工業(yè)方面取得了很大進(jìn)步，但這個(gè)國(guó)家仍然以農(nóng)業(yè)為主。戰(zhàn)后，在制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)發(fā)生革命的同時(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)也在發(fā)生一場(chǎng)革命，帶來(lái)手工勞動(dòng)向機(jī)械耕作的轉(zhuǎn)變、自耕自給農(nóng)業(yè)向商業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變。在一八六O年至一九一○年間，美國(guó)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)數(shù)目增加了兩倍，自二百萬(wàn)個(gè)增加到六百萬(wàn)個(gè)，耕地的面積擴(kuò)大了一倍多，從一億六千萬(wàn)公頃增至三億五千二百萬(wàn)公頃。

從一八六O年至一八九O年，各種基本農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，如小麥、玉米和棉花等，都超過(guò)了美國(guó)以前的產(chǎn)量。同時(shí)，全國(guó)人口也增加一倍多，城市人口增長(zhǎng)最快。然而，美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)人口生產(chǎn)了足夠的糧食和棉花，提供了充足的豬肉和牛肉，收剪的羊毛，不但足夠供給美國(guó)工人及其家庭的需要，并且剩余量日益增加。取得這一非凡的成就有幾方面的原因：第一個(gè)原因是向西部的擴(kuò)展，第二個(gè)原因是農(nóng)業(yè)耕作使用機(jī)器。在一八○○年，一個(gè)農(nóng)民使用鐮刀，在一天之內(nèi)，可望收割五分之一公頃小麥，但三十年后，使用附有搖籃架的大鐮刀，每天就可以收割十分之八公頃。到一八四O年，麥柯密克創(chuàng)造了奇跡。使用他研究了差不多十年才制造出來(lái)的神奇的割禾機(jī)，竟然一天能收割二公頃到二公頃半。由于他的遠(yuǎn)見，他便去西部新興草原市鎮(zhèn)芝加哥，在那里他開設(shè)了收割機(jī)工廠。到一八六O年，他售出的收割機(jī)共有二十五萬(wàn)架之多。

在農(nóng)業(yè)革命中和機(jī)械幾乎同等重要的是科學(xué)。一八六二年，根據(jù)“莫里爾公地興學(xué)法案”，國(guó)會(huì)把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)學(xué)院。這些學(xué)校一方面是教育機(jī)關(guān)，另一方面，也是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的研究中心。后來(lái)，國(guó)會(huì)又撥款在全國(guó)各地遍設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)站，并直接撥款給農(nóng)業(yè)部作研究用。在新世紀(jì)開始時(shí)，在全國(guó)各地的科學(xué)家都在廣泛地進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。

Exercise 6 五四運(yùn)動(dòng) 類例：

1949年她丈夫死了，給她丟下了五個(gè)孩子。

Her husband died in 1949, leaving her with five children.他們開槍打死了我們一個(gè)巡邏兵。

They opened fire, killing one of our patrolmen.譯文：

After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless opssion of the people internally, landing China in a grave national crisis.3、一九一九年“巴黎和會(huì)”上中國(guó)外交的失敗，激起了中國(guó)人民的極大憤慨。

China's diplomatic setback at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 aroused strong indignation among the Chinese people.4、五月四日，北京三千多學(xué)生在天安門前集會(huì)，他們高呼“外爭(zhēng)國(guó)權(quán)，內(nèi)懲國(guó)賊”、“廢除二十一條”等口號(hào)，舉行示威游行。

原文是一個(gè)復(fù)句，在翻譯時(shí)，一般首先從邏輯上仔細(xì)分析，弄清各分句之間的關(guān)系，區(qū)分開哪個(gè)分句為主，然后按照英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，適當(dāng)處理，一般，從屬的分句可采用非限定性短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)，或通過(guò)增加關(guān)聯(lián)詞或從句形式來(lái)處理。本句“三千多學(xué)生”和“他們”是指同一個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，因此“集會(huì)”和“舉行示威游行”可以列為同一主語(yǔ)下的并列的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，而“高呼”在此表示“集會(huì)”和“舉行示威游行”的狀態(tài)，因此應(yīng)從屬于前面兩動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示較合適。譯文：

On May 4, over three thousand Beijing students gathered in front of the Tian An Men, and then held a demonstration, shouting such slogans as ”Defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors!“, ”Abolish the Twenty-one Demands!“

5、他們要求懲辦賣國(guó)賊曹汝霖、陸宗輿、章宗祥，并火燒了曹宅，痛打了章宗祥。北洋軍閥政府出動(dòng)軍警鎮(zhèn)壓，捕去學(xué)生30多名。

They demand the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxi-ang be punished.They set fire to Cao's residence and beat up Zhang.The government called out troops and policemen to suppress the demonstrators.Over thirty students were arrested.這里根據(jù)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞suppress的需要，增加了原文中省略的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)“the demonstrators”。另外把句子“北洋軍閥政府出動(dòng)軍警鎮(zhèn)壓，捕去學(xué)生30多名?！庇脭嗑浞ǚg更好。因?yàn)橛帽粍?dòng)句式翻譯“捕去學(xué)生30多名”，這篇?dú)v史性的報(bào)道顯得更客觀。

6、那時(shí)候，各地學(xué)生紛紛響應(yīng)北京學(xué)生的反帝愛國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)。具有初步共產(chǎn)主義思想的知識(shí)分子李大釗、毛澤東、周恩來(lái)等同志分別在北京、長(zhǎng)沙、天津，指導(dǎo)了這場(chǎng)偉大的反帝運(yùn)動(dòng)。

原文中的“紛紛”較難譯，“響應(yīng)”不能簡(jiǎn)單地譯為“respond to”，分別意譯成“one...after another...“和“support”較好。

具有初步共產(chǎn)主義思想的知識(shí)分子：intellectuals with the rudiments of communism 譯文：

Immediately, the students in one part of the country after another rose in support of the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle launched by the students in Beijing.The intellectuals with the rudiments of communism, Li Dazhao, Mao Ze-dong, Zhou Enlai and other comrades supervised this great movement in Beijing, Changsha, Tianjin respectively.7、六月三日，北京學(xué)生組織演講隊(duì)，開展大規(guī)模的宣傳活動(dòng)，軍閥政府對(duì)學(xué)生的鎮(zhèn)壓變本加厲，捕去170多人。

“捕去170多人”用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯更適合語(yǔ)境。

On June 3, the students of Beijing formed groups of speakers and carried out extensive propaganda.The government intensified its supssion and over 170 students were arrested.8、“

六、三”以后，主要是青年學(xué)生參加的五四愛國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)，發(fā)展成為無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)、小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和民族資歷產(chǎn)階級(jí)共同參加的全國(guó)范圍的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)。無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)成為運(yùn)動(dòng)的主力。上海、唐山、長(zhǎng)辛店等地工人紛紛罷工示威，中國(guó)工人階級(jí)第一次作為覺悟了的獨(dú)立的政治力量登上政治舞臺(tái)，暗示了他的偉大力量。

根據(jù)上下文，這里的“紛紛”表示“多”。

From then on, the May 4th patriotic movement, which had been conducted mainly by the Student youth, became a nation-wide revolutionary movement in which the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie all took part, with the proletariat as the mainstay.Large numbers of workers in Shanghai, Tangshan, Changxindian and elsewhere went on strike and held demonstrations.For the first time in Chinese history, the working class appeared as an awakened, independent force in the political arena, demonstrating its tremendous strength.9、在全國(guó)人民反帝愛國(guó)的壓力下，北洋軍閥政府被迫釋放被捕學(xué)生，撤消三個(gè)賣國(guó)賊的職務(wù)，拒絕在德國(guó)“和約”上簽字，反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng)取得了初步勝利。

原文是一個(gè)沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的較長(zhǎng)的復(fù)句，如果同樣譯成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，在結(jié)構(gòu)上有困難，語(yǔ)意也不清楚，可以通過(guò)斷句法來(lái)處理。原文是一句先分后總的總分復(fù)句，翻譯時(shí)可在句子的結(jié)尾部分?jǐn)嗑?，即將最后的總結(jié)部分（“反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng)取得了初步勝利”）斷開，單獨(dú)譯作一句。譯文：

Under the ssure of the nation-wide anti-imperialist patriotic struggle, the Warlord government had to set free the students arrested, dismiss the three traitors from office, and refuse to sign in the “Peace Treaty” with Germany.This marked an initial victory for the struggle against imperialism and feudalism.“

10、五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是一次徹底的不妥協(xié)的反帝反封建的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)，它促成了中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)同馬克思主義的結(jié)合，在思想上、干部上為中國(guó)產(chǎn)黨的成立作了準(zhǔn)備，是中國(guó)新民主主義革命的開端。

原文是一句先總后分的總分復(fù)句，可以把總說(shuō)部分單獨(dú)譯成一句。后面分說(shuō)部分可以譯成一句并列復(fù)句。由于分說(shuō)部分有三層明顯的意義，所以也可以分別譯成獨(dú)立的三個(gè)句子。譯文：

The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism.It was instrumental in bringing about the integration of Marxism with China's labour movement.It paved the way, both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.It ushered in China's new-democratic revolution.二、參考譯文

The May 4th Movement After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless opssion of the people internally, thus landing China in a grave national crisis.China's diplomatic setback at the Pans Peace Conference in 1919 aroused strong indignation among the Chinese people.On May 4, over three thousand Beijing students gathered in front of the Tian An Men, and then held a demonstration, shouting such slogans as ”Defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors!“, ”Abolish the Twenty-one Demands!“ They called for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang.They set fire to Cao's residence and beat up Zhang.The government called out troops and policemen to supss the demonstrators and over thirty students were arrested.Immediately, the students in one part of the country after another rose in support of the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle launched by the students in Beijing.Comrades Li Dazhao, Mao Ze-dong, Zhou Enlai and other intellectuals who already had some knowledge of communism guided this great movement in Beijing, Changsha, Tianjin respectively.On June 3, the students of Beijing formed groups of speakers and carried out extensive propaganda.The government intensified its supssion and arrested over 170 students.From this point on, the May 4th patriotic movement, hitherto conducted mainly by the Student youth, became a nation-wide evolutionary movement in which the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie all took part, with the proletariat as the mainstay.Large numbers of workers in Shanghai, Tangshan, Changxindian and elsewhere went on strike and held demonstrations.For the first time in Chinese history, the working class appeared as an awakened, independent force in the political arena, demonstrating its tremendous strength.Under the ssure of the nation-wide anti-imperialist patriotic struggle, the Warlord government had to set free the students it had arrested, dismiss the three traitors from office, and withhold its signature from the ”Peace Treaty“ with Germany.This marked an initial victory for the struggle against imperialism and feudalism.The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism.It was instrumental in bringing about the integration of Marxism with China's labour movement, and it paved the way, both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.It ushered in China's new-democratic revolution.Unit 2 History 1.the Industrial Revolution工業(yè)革命 2.industrial capital產(chǎn)業(yè)資本.one’s self-made career自我奮斗的生涯 4.build canals開鑿運(yùn)河 5.out of interest出于興趣.one of a triad of revolutions三大革命之一 7.an Indian summer最后的極盛時(shí)期 8.parallel something與?同時(shí)發(fā)生 9.account for解釋.a quarter of a million25萬(wàn).辛亥革命the Revolution of 1911 12.新民主主義論On New Democracy 13.舉行示威游行hold a demonstration 14.在?號(hào)召下at the call of 15.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)the First World War或World War One 16.北洋軍閥政府the Warlord government 17.五四愛國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)the May 4th patriotic movement 18.和約Peace Treaty 19.反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng)the struggle against imperialism and feudal-ism 20.產(chǎn)業(yè)資金industrial funds 第3章 Unit 3 Geography

一、Journey Up the Nile 1.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan.尼羅河沿岸直到蘇丹境內(nèi)很遠(yuǎn)的地方，到處可以見到古埃及的墳?zāi)购退聫R。

原文的描寫非常形象、生動(dòng)。但譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)法保留原文的形象，因?yàn)椤癴ollow”這個(gè)詞很難處理，故譯作“到處可以見到?”。

2.Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the sent era.我從開羅驅(qū)車南行，進(jìn)入尼羅河河谷，這里的景色還沒有受到多少現(xiàn)代的影響。

“Driving southward from Cairo into the valley”是個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是“I”，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)需說(shuō)“我從開羅驅(qū)車南行，進(jìn)入尼羅河河谷”。

“own...to...”意為“recognize sth.to the cause of sth.將某事物歸因于某事物”。原句的含義是“該地區(qū)的景物基本上沒有受到現(xiàn)代的影響”。

3.the thin ribbon of the Nile尼羅河像一條細(xì)細(xì)的藍(lán)色絲帶

“of”用于兩個(gè)名詞中間，前者修辭后者，故譯作“尼羅河像一條細(xì)細(xì)的藍(lán)色絲帶”。

例：(1)He's got the devil of a temper.他脾氣極壞。

(2)Where's that fool of a receptionist? 那個(gè)笨蛋接待員在什么地方？

(3)He's a fine figure of a man.他是個(gè)體型好看的男子。

4.At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts.這田地外邊是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方則平平地伸向地平線。

此句為倒裝句。主語(yǔ)是“the brown barren deserts”，因?yàn)榻樵~短語(yǔ)“At the edge of the fields”前置以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，故全句主謂倒裝。翻譯時(shí)盡量保持原句效果，譯作“這田地外邊是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方則平平地伸向地平線?！薄?/p>

“barren”意為：(of land)not good enough to produce crops（指土地）貧瘠的。

5.I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long, narrow farm.我仿佛在驅(qū)車穿過(guò)一個(gè)特別狹長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

“illusion”意為“錯(cuò)覺”或“幻覺”，但直譯不合適，故譯作“我仿佛在驅(qū)車穿過(guò)一個(gè)特別狹長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！?/p>

6.The villages and towns were usually perched on the edge, so as not to waste arable soil and because there was a need, before the High Dam tamed the Nile, to live beyond the reach of the annual floods.大小村鎮(zhèn)一般都處于田地的邊上，這是為了不浪費(fèi)耕地，同時(shí)也是因?yàn)樵诟邏慰刂颇崃_河以前，有必要住得遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，以躲避每年發(fā)生的洪水。

“perch”意為：place(sth.)in a high or dangerous position將（某物）置于尤指高處或危險(xiǎn)處。例：a hut perched at the edge of the cliff懸崖邊上的小舍

“arable”意為：（land that is）suitable for ploughing and for growing crops適于耕作的（土地）?！癮rable soil”就是“耕地”。

動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)“to live beyond the reach of the annual floods”作定語(yǔ)，修辭名詞“need”。字面意思是“有必要住到每年洪水泛濫不到的地方”。

全句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，“and”連接兩個(gè)表示原因的詞句，“need”和修辭語(yǔ)之間插了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

7.The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，有時(shí)穿過(guò)莊稼地，有時(shí)像是劃的一條黑線，這邊是莊稼，那邊是沙漠。

“now...now...”意為：at one time...at another time...時(shí)而??時(shí)而??

例：Her moods kept changingwould it be too high or too low? 還沒修壩的時(shí)候，我們老惦記著洪水，——今年的洪水會(huì)太大呢，還是會(huì)太小呢？

“obsess”常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為：fill the mind of sb.continually使（某人）牽掛，惦記，著迷或困惑。例：She was obsessed with the idea that she was being watched.她總覺得受人監(jiān)視而心神不寧。

10.Like all the generations of my family back to the pharaohs, I used to plant my crops and never know if I would harvest.我過(guò)去種莊稼，從來(lái)不知道能不能收。我的祖輩以至古代的法老也都是這樣。

“pharaoh”意為：(習(xí)題詳解 of the)ruler of ancient Egypt法老（古埃及國(guó)王或其稱謂）。

11.It was a natural system of replenishment and cleansing.那是自然形成的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充土壤和清除鹽分的體系。

“replenishment”的動(dòng)詞形式“replenish”意為：fill up(sth.)again(with...)（以??）再裝滿，補(bǔ)充。在此句中為“補(bǔ)充土壤”的意思。

“cleanse”意為：make thoroughly clean, make pure 徹底清潔，滌凈。在此句的為“清除鹽分”的意思。

全句在翻譯時(shí)就需要根據(jù)上下文意思進(jìn)行添詞。

12.Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective drainage system.現(xiàn)在寶貴的泥沙被水壩攔住了，卻沒有除鹽的有效辦法。

同樣，這里的“drainage system”也不能簡(jiǎn)單地譯成“排水系統(tǒng)”。此處仍然指“補(bǔ)土排鹽系統(tǒng)”。另外，此句中“of”前面的名詞“treasury”修辭后面的名詞“silt”，譯作“寶貴的泥沙”。

（二）參考譯文：

沿尼羅河而上（摘錄2）

尼羅河沿岸直到蘇丹境內(nèi)很遠(yuǎn)的地方，到處可以見到古埃及的墳?zāi)购退聫R。我從開羅驅(qū)車南行，進(jìn)入尼羅河河谷，這里的景色還沒有受到多少現(xiàn)代的影響。從這里再往前一千八百英里，尼羅河像一條細(xì)細(xì)的藍(lán)色絲帶，緩緩流向北方，沿途穿過(guò)棕色的土地和綠色的田野，這田地外邊是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方則平平地伸向地平線。

我仿佛驅(qū)車穿過(guò)了一個(gè)特別狹長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。大小村鎮(zhèn)一般都處于田地的邊上，這是為了不浪費(fèi)耕地，同時(shí)也是因?yàn)樵诟邏慰刂颇崃_河以前，有必要住得遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，以躲避每年發(fā)生的洪水。公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，有時(shí)穿過(guò)莊稼地，有時(shí)像是劃的一條黑線，這邊是莊稼，那邊是沙漠。

在盧克蘇爾以南不遠(yuǎn)的阿瓦米亞村，我曾看著農(nóng)民收割甘蔗。村里一位長(zhǎng)者，名叫阿明·易卜拉欣，請(qǐng)我到他家去做客，向我介紹了阿斯旺高壩的影響。他的話比我以前聽到的更為樂(lè)觀一些。他說(shuō)：“還沒修壩的時(shí)候，我們老惦記著洪水，——今年的洪水會(huì)太大呢，還是會(huì)太小呢？我過(guò)去種莊稼，從來(lái)不知道能不能收。我的祖輩以至古代的法老也都是這樣?，F(xiàn)在不用害怕了，我們知道一定會(huì)有水，也知道會(huì)有多少水。我們不是收一季，而是收三季了。家里用上了電，還用電開水泵，不需要再用吊桶提水了。過(guò)去我們到富人家里去聽收音機(jī)?，F(xiàn)在我們一年到頭種莊稼了，就自己買收音機(jī)了，甚至還買電視機(jī)呢?！?/p>

不過(guò)阿明也看得很清楚，他承認(rèn)這件事還有另外一面，不那么好的一面。他說(shuō)：“土地更差了，因?yàn)檫^(guò)去尼羅河一泛濫就帶來(lái)泥沙，可現(xiàn)在沒有了。我們不得不用化肥，而化肥是很貴的。即便這樣，莊稼還是不如以前打得多?！?/p>

他帶我在他家附近的莊稼是里走了走。只見地面上結(jié)了一層鹽?！艾F(xiàn)在不像以前了，河水不泛濫，鹽分就沖不走了，”阿明對(duì)我解釋說(shuō)。過(guò)去每年尼羅河泛濫，可以給沿岸的農(nóng)田留下細(xì)沙兩千萬(wàn)噸。河水退去的時(shí)候，就把土壤里的鹽分沖走，沖到地是海里去。那是自然形成的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充土壤和清除鹽分的體系?，F(xiàn)在寶貴的泥沙被水壩攔住了，卻沒有除鹽的有效辦法。

二、Adelaide(Excerpt)

（一）解說(shuō)：

1.The city was laid out with broad streets in an open grid pattern, and over 4000ha2 of parklands encircling the city were served.街道寬闊，布局呈方格形。城市周圍留有公園區(qū)，面積達(dá)四千余公頃。

“l(fā)ay out”意為：make a plan for 計(jì)劃，設(shè)計(jì)。例：lay out a garden 設(shè)計(jì)一花園；well-laid out streets and avenues 設(shè)計(jì)良好的街道和馬路。

本句中有兩處被動(dòng)式，不能一看到被動(dòng)式就譯成被動(dòng)式，要考慮到中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，故沒有完全按照原句的形式來(lái)譯。另外，“l(fā)ay out”的意思體現(xiàn)在“布局”一詞中。“were served”用“留有”來(lái)表述。

2.To the east the Mount Lofty ranges form an imssive backdrop.東有壯觀的洛夫蒂嶺襯托。

“backdrop”意為：背景。

3.Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.三面有公園環(huán)繞，區(qū)內(nèi)四個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)有草坪和樹木，打破了市區(qū)建筑的單調(diào)氣氛。

“regularity”意為：state of being regular 規(guī)律性。這里的規(guī)律性是指區(qū)內(nèi)到處都是建筑，景色缺少變化，有了公園和綠地就不顯單調(diào)了。故“break the regularity”被譯成“打破單調(diào)氣氛”，比較符合原意。

4.N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River, spanned by four bridges and lined with ornamental gardens.托倫斯河把阿德萊德分成南北兩區(qū)，河上架有四座橋梁，兩岸點(diǎn)綴著許多花園。

“spanned”和“l(fā)ined”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)均作定語(yǔ)，修辭“the Torrens River”。為了能順，譯文中加了“河上”兩字，后一短語(yǔ)意譯成“兩岸點(diǎn)綴著許多花園”，這樣兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句式表達(dá)上非常平穩(wěn)一致。

5.The city contains many fine examples of early Australian architecture, including the town hall on King William Streetthe Murray, the Torrens and the Onkaparinga.噴水池有三個(gè)邊，三十四根噴水柱，還有鋁制雕塑，這一設(shè)計(jì)代表著向阿德萊德供水的三條河——墨累河、托倫斯河和昂卡帕令加河。

原文中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分別是“design”和“resents”，所以譯文的后半部分一定要加上“這一設(shè)計(jì)”，不能只說(shuō)“代表著”，這樣會(huì)誤認(rèn)為是“鋁制雕塑代表著”。

7.Parklands, which separate the city and the suburbs, are served in perpetuity for the use of the people.市區(qū)和郊區(qū)之間的公園區(qū)永遠(yuǎn)留作市民的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。

“in perpetuity”的意思是“for ever 永遠(yuǎn)”。

8.As an artistic event, a stimulus to the creative and performing arts in Australia, the Festival has introduced many world-famous artists to millions of Australians.此次藝術(shù)節(jié)是藝術(shù)界的一大盛事，不但推動(dòng)了澳大利亞的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和表演，而且把眾多世界聞名的藝術(shù)家介紹給了澳大利亞的廣大群眾。

“a stimulus to the creative and performing arts in Australia”原本是“an artistic event”的同位語(yǔ)，在譯文中用動(dòng)詞“推動(dòng)”來(lái)體現(xiàn)名詞“stimulus”，這樣處理較通順，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中多用名詞，而漢語(yǔ)中則多用動(dòng)詞。

（二）參考譯文：

阿德萊德（摘錄）

阿德萊德Adelaide澳大利亞南澳大利亞州首府，是全國(guó)規(guī)劃得最好的城市之一。街道寬闊，布局呈方格形。城市周圍留有公園區(qū)，面積達(dá)四千余公頃。西臨圣文森特灣，岸邊有寬闊的沙灘。東有壯觀的洛夫蒂嶺襯托，洛夫蒂山（727米）為最高峰。市區(qū)南部主要是商業(yè)區(qū)，三面有公園環(huán)繞，區(qū)內(nèi)四個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)有草坪和樹木，打破了市區(qū)建筑的單調(diào)氣氛。市區(qū)北部主要是住宅區(qū)，周圍也有公園環(huán)繞，區(qū)內(nèi)有廣場(chǎng)兩個(gè)。托倫斯河把阿德萊德分成南北兩區(qū)，河上架有四座橋梁，兩岸點(diǎn)綴著許多花園。市區(qū)有典型的澳大利亞早期建筑物多處，位于寬闊的南北大道威廉王大街上的市政廳便有其中之一。市政廳于1863年奠基，設(shè)計(jì)者E。W。賴特曾任本市市長(zhǎng)。

阿德萊德有許多雕像，并有噴水池七處。最為壯觀的一處噴水池建于1968年，座落在該城的商業(yè)區(qū)中心——維多利亞廣場(chǎng)。噴水池有三個(gè)邊，三十四根噴水柱，還有鋁制雕塑，這一設(shè)計(jì)代表著向阿德萊德供水的三條河——墨累河、托倫斯河和昂卡帕令加河。市區(qū)和郊區(qū)之間的公園區(qū)永遠(yuǎn)留作市民的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。

1960年舉辦了第一屆阿德萊德藝術(shù)節(jié)，阿德萊德自此贏得了澳大利亞文化中心的美名。此次藝術(shù)節(jié)是藝術(shù)界的一大盛事，不但推動(dòng)了澳大利亞的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和表演，而且把眾多世界聞名的藝術(shù)家介紹給了澳大利亞的廣大群眾。

三、北海公園

（一）解說(shuō)：

1.北海公園原是遼、金、元、明、清歷代封建帝王的“御花園”?？偯娣e共有68.2公頃。Bei Hai(North Lake)Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.“總面積共有68.2公頃”在原句中是單獨(dú)的一句。在譯文中被處理成一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修辭“Bei Hai Park”。這樣比較符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式。

2.公園的中心——瓊島，周長(zhǎng)1，913米，高32.8米，是1179年（金代）用挖海的泥土堆成的。The center of the park is Qiong Island, 32.8 metres high and 1,913 metres in circumference.It was made in 1179(in the Jin Dynasty)with the earth that came from the digging of the lake.中文往往比較簡(jiǎn)潔，一個(gè)句子能包含許多內(nèi)容。在譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果也只用一個(gè)句子的話會(huì)顯得特別冗長(zhǎng)，故在翻譯時(shí)可考慮用幾個(gè)單句來(lái)處理，本句便是一例。

3.島上白塔建于1651年，塔高35.9米。The White Dagoba built on it in 1651 is as high as 35.9 metres.原文的謂語(yǔ)部分是在“建于”，而譯成英語(yǔ)后，其謂語(yǔ)部分體現(xiàn)在“is as high as 35.9 metres”，不這么處理的話，“塔高35.9米”和“白塔”兩個(gè)部分相距太，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不緊湊。

4.瓊島東北部有“瓊島春陰”碑，為1751年建立。There is a stone tablet erected in 1751 in the northeast of Qiong Island, with ”Qiong Dao Chun Yin“(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island)written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796A.D.)engraved on it.譯文中的“(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island)written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796A.D.)”為譯者所加，為的是讓讀者進(jìn)一步了解這塊碑的珍貴之處，以引起讀者的興趣。

過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“engraved on it”修辭“Qiong Dao Chun Yin”。

5.附近風(fēng)光秀麗，過(guò)去是燕京八景之一。This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.“noted”在這里不是過(guò)去分詞，而是形容詞，相當(dāng)于“well-known”。

“燕京八景之一”也沒有簡(jiǎn)單地譯作“one of the eight views of Beijing”，而是在“views”前面加了一個(gè)詞“outstanding”，因?yàn)槠胀ǖ木吧珴M目都是，文中提到的“八景”是特殊的景色。

6.海北岸有“五龍亭”，建于1602年，是封建皇帝釣魚和看焰火的地方。On the north shore of the lake are the Five-Dragon Pavilions, built in 1602, where the emperors enjoyed fishing and watched fireworks.原文是“海北岸有”，譯文不能譯作“have”，而要譯作“are”。整句譯文是倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是“the Five-Dragon Pavilions”，表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)前置于句首。

7.“九龍壁”，建于1756年，全壁用五彩琉璃瓦砌成，兩面各有蟠龍九條，姿態(tài)生動(dòng)，反映了我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民的創(chuàng)造才能。Not far to the northeast stands the Nine-Dragon Screen, put up in 1756, which is made of colorful glazed tiles.With nine lively dragons on each side, it has proved the creativeness of the working people of China.原句較長(zhǎng)，譯文被處理成兩句。譯文中的“Not far to the northeast”為譯者所加，借以說(shuō)明景物的相對(duì)位置，免得孤立地介紹景物，顯得單調(diào)。譯文最后一句中的“Near there”也是如此。

譯文中的“prove”意為：establish the genuineness of 確定??之真實(shí)性，用以表達(dá)“反映”，緊扣原意。

（二）參考譯文：

Bei Hai Park

Bei Hai(North Lake)Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.The center of the park is Qiong Island, 32.8 metres high and 1,913 metres in circumference.It was made in 1179(in the Jin Dynasty)with the earth that came from the digging of the lake.The White Dagoba built on it in 1651 is as high as 35.9 metres.There is a stone tablet erected in 1751 in the northeast of Qiong Island, with ”Qiong Dao Chun Yin“(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island)written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796A.D.)engraved on it.This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.On the north shore of the lake are the Five-Dragon Pavilions, built in 160, where the emperors enjoyed fishing and watched fireworks.Not far to the northeast stands the Nine-Dragon Screen, put up in 1756, which is made of colorful glazed tiles.With nine lively dragons on each side, it has proved the creativeness of the working people of China.Near there is the Iron Screen, which is a relic of the Yuan Dynasty.fellow countrymen 同胞

militarist軍閥

Chinese Communist Party 黨組織

the Grand Canal（京杭）大運(yùn)河

Industrial Revolution 工業(yè)革命

dawn to dark從早到晚

especially English 具有英國(guó)特征的cottage industry 農(nóng)村手工業(yè)

Indian summer 最后的余輝

stock-raising 畜牧業(yè)

Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原

the gold rush 淘金熱

basic occupation 基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)

Department of Agriculture 農(nóng)業(yè)部門

the Nile Delta 尼羅河三角洲

coastal erosion 水土流失

Mediterranean climate 地中海型氣候

surveyor general 測(cè)量總監(jiān)

sovereign nation 主權(quán)國(guó)家

aggregate output 總產(chǎn)量

coastal area 沿海地區(qū)

telephone connections 電話用戶

economic well-being 生活水平

two way trade 雙向貿(mào)易

lucrative export market 出口市場(chǎng)

foreign exchange 外匯

sum total 總數(shù)

per capita 人均

GNP 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值

joint ventures 合資企業(yè)

net income 凈收入

world investment system世界投資體系

the stock of foreign investment 外資存量

major economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)

the stimulus, the technology and the funding 動(dòng)力、技術(shù)和資金

international trade and investment 國(guó)際貿(mào)易和投資

popular science 科普讀物Arctic seas 北冰洋

vegetable oil 植物油

mineral oil煤油

internal combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)

warfare on land and sea 陸戰(zhàn)和海戰(zhàn)

minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋動(dòng)植物

crude oil 原油

sedimentary rocks 沉積巖

pitch lake 瀝青湖

superhighway 高速公路

living organism 生物體

applied entomology 應(yīng)用昆蟲學(xué)

environmental Law環(huán)保法

wildlife 野生生物

freedom from noise pollution 無(wú)噪聲污染

Act 法

amendment 修正案

bill 議案

hearing 聽證會(huì)

lobby 院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)

universal copyright convention 世界版權(quán)公約

a system of copyright protection 版權(quán)保護(hù)制度

Contracting States 成員國(guó)

Director-General 總干事

mean temperature平均溫度 China’s “most important historical sites” 全國(guó)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物

the cultural relics 文物

mutual prosperity 相互繁榮

international trade 世界貿(mào)易

bilateral trade 雙邊貿(mào)易

commercial and financial relationships 貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)

economic performance/reform 經(jīng)濟(jì)改革

economic course 經(jīng)濟(jì)道路

employment 就業(yè)

food production 食品加工

heavy industries 重工業(yè)

financial services sector 金融服務(wù)

foreign exchange dealing 外匯交易

the international community 國(guó)際社會(huì)

foreign funds 外國(guó)資金

domestic competition 國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

multilateral disciplines 多邊規(guī)定

a part-time river 季節(jié)性河流

oil-burning lamps 油燈

science of biological control 生物控制學(xué)

new areas of thought 新的思維空間

a warm-blooded animal 恒溫動(dòng)物

grant a license 頒發(fā)許可證

strip mining 露天采礦

offshore oil drilling近海石油鉆探

waste disposal 廢物處理

national life 國(guó)民生計(jì)

enacting legislation 立法

remaining open land 尚未開發(fā)的土地

a system of copyright protection 版權(quán)保護(hù)制度

policies of reform and opening to the outside world 改革開放政策

national lives 人民生活

national security policies 國(guó)家安全政策

流派school

文學(xué)家man of letters 文學(xué)界literary circle 欺世盜名glory-seeking

新民主主義New Democracy 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)The May 4th Movement

反帝國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)anti-imperialist movement 反封建運(yùn)動(dòng)anti-feudal movement 辛亥革命 the Revolution of 1911

初步共產(chǎn)主義思想rudiments of communist ideology 六三運(yùn)動(dòng) June 3rd Movement 文化革命 the cultural revolution

小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子petty-bourgeois and bourgeois intellectuals in the cities 市民階級(jí) the urban intelligentsia

五卅運(yùn)動(dòng) May 30th Movement in 1925 北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) the Northern Expedition

北洋軍閥政府 the Northern Warlord government 右翼 right wing 民族危機(jī) national crisis

巴黎和會(huì) the Paris Peace Conference

故宮博物館 the Imperial Palace/ the Palace Museum 故宮Old Palace

天安門Tian An Men Gate

太廟 The Imperial Ancestral Temple 中山公園 the Sun Yat-Sen Park 磚木結(jié)構(gòu) wood and brick

太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony 午門 the Meridian Gate 外朝 the Outer Palace 內(nèi)廷 the Inner Court

金水橋 the Golden Water Bridge

太和門 the Gate of Supreme Harmony 中和殿 the Hall of Complete Harmony 保和殿 the Hall of Preserving Harmony 御花園 the imperial garden 白塔 the White Dagoba 琉璃瓦 glazed tiles

糧食自給率 self-sufficiency rate of grain 凈進(jìn)口量net import rate 消費(fèi)量consumption quantity

農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源 Natural agricultural resources 生產(chǎn)條件 production condition 技術(shù)水平technical level

耕地cultivated land單位面積per unit area 復(fù)種指數(shù) the multiple crop index 內(nèi)陸水域 inland waters 水產(chǎn)品 aquatic products 集約化intensification 木本植物 arbor foodstuffs 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge economy

勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) labour intensive industries 貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系 commercial and financial ties 中國(guó)少年兒童出版社 China Children Press 兒童文學(xué) Children’s Literature 絲綢之路 the Silk Road

井地之蛙 a frog at the bottom of a well 落湯雞 like a drowned rate

陸地自然資源 land natural resources 淡水資源 freshwater resources 礦產(chǎn)資源 mineral resources 大陸岸線 mainland coastline 島嶼岸線islands’ coastline

聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 中國(guó)海域 China’s sea areas 淺海 shallow seas

人工養(yǎng)殖 aquatic products 沉積盆地sedimentation basin 中國(guó)沿海China’s coasts

深水岸線 deep-water stretch of coast 可再生能源regenerable energy resources

全球生命支持系統(tǒng)the global bio-support system 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì) National People’s Congress 中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng) Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作 international economic cooperation 技術(shù)交流 technological exchange 經(jīng)濟(jì)組織 economic organization 外國(guó)合營(yíng)者 foreign joint venturer

平等互利的原則 the principle of equality and mutual benefit and subject 公共利益 public interest

有限責(zé)任公司 limited liability company

對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門 State’s competent department in charge of foreign economic relations and trade

工商行政管理主管部門 the State’s competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration

營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照 business license 注冊(cè)資本 registered capital

合營(yíng)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)期間 in its practicing deception 董事會(huì) a board of directors 董事長(zhǎng) chairman

企業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃 the venture’s development plans

生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)方案 proposals for production and business operations 收支預(yù)算 the budget for revenues and expenditure 利潤(rùn)分配 the distribution of profits 審計(jì)師 the auditors 毛利潤(rùn) gross profit 儲(chǔ)備基金 reserve fund 凈利潤(rùn) net profit 優(yōu)惠待遇 preferential treatment 所得稅 the income tax 國(guó)家外匯管理機(jī)關(guān) State agency for foreign exchange 金融機(jī)構(gòu) financial institution 外匯賬戶 a foreign exchange account 保險(xiǎn)公司 insurance company 國(guó)際市場(chǎng) world market 有關(guān)外匯事宜 foreign exchange transactions 個(gè)人所得稅 individual income tax 不可抗力 force majeur 基本方針 the basic principle 興修水利 infensify water-contral project 科技進(jìn)步 the development of science and technology 稻田 paddy fields 養(yǎng)魚業(yè) fish culture 養(yǎng)殖 aquaculture 生產(chǎn)能力 productive capacity 人工草場(chǎng) the artificial grasslands 國(guó)際海洋年 the International Ocean Year 其他合法權(quán)益 other lawful right 開始營(yíng)業(yè) start operations 工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán) industrial capital 總經(jīng)理 general manager 總工程師 chief engineer 總會(huì)計(jì)師 treasurer 正副廠長(zhǎng)factory manager and deputy manager 享受優(yōu)惠待遇 enjoy preferential treatment Premier總理

financial deficit財(cái)務(wù)赤字 arbitration agency仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) regional autonomy地方自治

automobile components汽車部件 ASEAN東盟(東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟)natural enemies of insects昆蟲的天敵 consumer goods消費(fèi)品 footbridge天橋

Keen interest濃厚的興趣 subtropical plant亞熱帶植物

social security system社會(huì)保障制度 pension fund養(yǎng)老金 regular event常事

municipal government自治政府 entrepreneurial spirit進(jìn)取精神

to give something much thought仔細(xì)想某事 cling to youth與年輕人呆在一起 carriage drawn by the horse乘馬車

Federal Power Commission聯(lián)邦電力委員會(huì) the Long March長(zhǎng)征

neighboring enviroment周邊環(huán)境 live on one's own life獨(dú)立生活 freshly harvested剛割的 marine insurance海事保險(xiǎn) scarce tactic嚇唬人的辦法 a far cry from完全不同 in this respect在這方面

industrial pollution工業(yè)污染

international understanding國(guó)際間的了解 prime minister首相

sino-American relationship中美關(guān)系 stand squarely端端正正地站著 establish communities建立村鎮(zhèn) mineral deposit礦藏

flows of capital資本流動(dòng) power of nature自然的力量 the ice was broken打破了僵局

science of biotic controls生物控制學(xué) domestic legislation國(guó)內(nèi)立法

full diplomtic relations正式外交關(guān)系 natural beauty自然美

more than ten years his junior比他年輕十幾歲 open public domain開放的公共地帶 typical masterpiece具有代表意義的杰作 to imprint on one's mind印在某人的腦海里

tentative and uncertain manner試探和躊躇的舉止 wind and twist蜿蜒

vaguely worded措詞含糊 to and fro走來(lái)走去

brightly painted顏色鮮艷的

average annual rainfall平均年降雨量 ravages of time時(shí)間的摧殘

the flower of one's youth風(fēng)華正茂 in unison一致

turn one's back on拒絕,冷眼相看 court of appeals上訴法院 international affairs國(guó)際事務(wù) magnificient dinner盛大晚宴 full member正式成員

vast size and resources地大物博 outward investor對(duì)外投資者 a kind of invitation殷勤的邀請(qǐng) sober-faced沉靜的 right to know知情權(quán)

unpublished works未出版的作品 welcoming banquet歡迎宴會(huì)

historically significant experiment具有歷史意義的嘗試 in his middle twenties二十多歲 outstanding feature突出特點(diǎn)

undue absoption in the past過(guò)分地懷念過(guò)去 resonant voice洪亮的聲音 universal convention世界公約 immeasurable contrast迥然不同 sucking vigor汲取力量

meticulously dressed穿著講究 well-mannered silence規(guī)規(guī)矩矩 now and again有時(shí)

works of the human kind人類精神產(chǎn)品 scientific exchange科學(xué)交流 it rains cats and dogs傾盆大雨 gleaming eyes閃光的眼睛 source of power能源 everlastingly無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的 property damage財(cái)產(chǎn)損失

the birth and death of the day每一天的誕生和消亡 Sir John約翰爵士 on board ship在船上 common ground共同點(diǎn) average height中等身材 in the air醞釀中 life-giving賦予生命

global economy全球經(jīng)濟(jì) come and go霎時(shí)即去 market-day趕集日

a narrow swale狹長(zhǎng)的洼地 toast干杯

金字塔Pyramid 中國(guó)公民Chinese citizen 維生素vitamin 載人飛船manned airship 生態(tài)環(huán)境environment 世界貿(mào)易組織World Trad Organization 可耕地arable land '三個(gè)代表'重要思想Three Represents Important Idea 緯度latitude 郁金香tulip 首相Prime Minister 生產(chǎn)條件production condition 糧食總產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)total grain output target 工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)industrial property rights 福禮sacrificial meat 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)national economy 大陸架continental shelves 和平共處peaceful coexistence 深刻的影響profound impact 交通動(dòng)脈arteries of communication平民文學(xué)literature for the common people 熬夜to sit up

民族團(tuán)結(jié)ethnic harmony, ethnic solidarity 各種流尖派的different schools 不合理的制度irrational system 花言巧語(yǔ)flowery language 極西地帶far west 經(jīng)濟(jì)改革economic reforms 灌溉面積irrigated areas 零工odd jobs 戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)strategic task 有限責(zé)任公司a limited liability company 區(qū)域自治regional autonomy 革命道路revolutionary road 為?打下基礎(chǔ)lay foundations for 不良后果negtive effects 生活水平standard of living 沿海城市coastal city 花壇flower bed 不惜力氣not sparing oneself 新興城市the rising town 永久定居permanent settlement 革命知識(shí)分子revolutionary intellectuals 在?的號(hào)召下at the call of 散文集collection of essays 試工期trial period 排隊(duì)queue up 濃裝艷抹heavy make up 合法手續(xù)legal title 客觀有利因素favorable objective factors 高等教育higher education 小買賣人a peddler 先進(jìn)技術(shù)advanced technology 民族精神national spirit 測(cè)深繩sounding-line 出于自愿和興趣on one's own count, out of interest 電力生產(chǎn)electrical production 歷史遺址historical sites 單位面積產(chǎn)量the yield per unit area 專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)exclusive economic zones 儲(chǔ)備基金reserve fund 統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)the revolutionary movement of a united front 文藝節(jié)Festival of Arts 完整的古代建筑群complete group of acient buildings 世界投資體系world investment system 舊夢(mèng)重溫going through old dreams 自給自足self-suffiiciency 互不干涉內(nèi)政non-interference 無(wú)言的呼喚wordless cry 多功能機(jī)器multi-purpose machine平均率average rate 月白色的pale green 拉排子車pull a handcart 學(xué)術(shù)交流academic exchange 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st 河流入?？趖he mouth of the river 無(wú)情的relentless 初冬early winter 拉家?guī)Э赽e saddled with big families 1.two way trade雙向貿(mào)易.lucrative export markets獲利的出口市場(chǎng) 3.foreign exchange 外匯.commercial opportunities商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) 5.export opportunities出口機(jī)會(huì) 6.potential exports潛在市場(chǎng).labour intensive industries勞動(dòng)密集型企業(yè) 8.foreign exchange dealing外匯交易 9.two-way flow of capital雙向資本流動(dòng) 10.economic transition經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌.宜農(nóng)荒地wasteland which are suitable for farming 12.中低產(chǎn)田medium-and low-yield land 13.播種面積sown area 14.內(nèi)陸水域.undefinedinland waters 16.糧食供求grain supply and demand 17.農(nóng)業(yè)科技agricultural science and technology 18.科教興農(nóng)develop agriculture by relying on science , technology and education 19.非糧食實(shí)物資源non-grain food resources 20.集約化intensification.原文：He disappeared in the crowd before I called to him.我還沒來(lái)得及叫他，已經(jīng)消失在人群中.原文：When we praised the Chinese leadership and the people we are not merely being polite.改譯：我們對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國(guó)人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌。.原文：They were ready to be disposed of by their parents if alive, or otherwise by their nearest relations.改譯：這些人的父母如果還在世，可由父母領(lǐng)回；如果父母已故,則由他們的親近代領(lǐng)。24.原文：President Clinton realized—as all of us must—that today’s economy is global.改譯：克林鎖總統(tǒng)早認(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)是全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)，想必現(xiàn)在我們每個(gè)人的認(rèn)識(shí)也一樣 25.原文：Whether we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together.We are truly interdependent.改譯：不管我們喜歡與否，我們所有的利益是相通的，我們真的是相互依賴的。26.原文：There were in the order of 300 people at the festival.改譯：節(jié)日活動(dòng)大約有300人參加 27.原文：依靠科技進(jìn)步有潛力。

改譯：There is scope for scientific and technological improvement.28.原文：這兒將修建更多的居民大樓。改譯：More apartment houses will be built here.29.原文：中秋過(guò)后，秋風(fēng)是一天涼比一天，看看將近初冬；我整天靠著火，也穿上棉襖了。

改譯：After the Mid-Autumn Festival the wind grew colder every day, and winter was approaching.Even though I spent all my time by the stove, I had to wear my padded jacket.30.原文：在這里，可以聽到最荒唐的新聞，如某處的大蜘蛛怎么成了精，受了雷擊。改譯：Here one could hear the most absurd stories, such as how in a certain place a huge spider had turned into a demon and was then struck by lightning.31.The strongest growth has occurred in the coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methods have spurred product in of both domestic and export goods.? The people of the United States also have experienced the benefits of world trade.Since World War II, the U.S.has been the world’s Largest economy and , in most years, the world’s largest exporter.最強(qiáng)勁的增長(zhǎng)發(fā)生在靠近香港和臺(tái)灣對(duì)面的沿海地區(qū)。在這個(gè)地區(qū)，外國(guó)投資和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)手段的使用促進(jìn)了國(guó)內(nèi)和出口貨物的生產(chǎn)。美國(guó)人民也有得益于國(guó)際貿(mào)易的經(jīng)歷。自從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直是世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)。在大多數(shù)年代中，它又是世界上最大的出口國(guó)。

32.目前，中國(guó)的糧食單產(chǎn)水平與世界糧食高產(chǎn)國(guó)家相比也是比較低的，中國(guó)要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到糧食高產(chǎn)國(guó)家的水平難度較大，但經(jīng)過(guò)努力是完全可以縮小差距的。??通過(guò)改造低中產(chǎn)田、興修水利、擴(kuò)大灌溉面積、推廣先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)等工程和生物措施，可使每公頃產(chǎn)量提高1500公斤以上。

At present, China’s per unit area yield of grain is low compared with countries with high grain yields.It will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain production in a short period of time, but the gap can certainly be narrowed through efforts.The grain output per hectare can be increased by more than 1,500 kg through the upgrading of medium-and low-yield land, intensifying water-control projects, enlarging irrigated areas and spreading the use of advanced agrotechnology and taking biological measures.1.Saint Valentine's Day 2.in an instant馬上 3.out of reach夠不著 4.a matter of course 5.in need 理所當(dāng)然的事 6.in this respect 在這個(gè)方面 7.as regards 8.the historic sites歷史古跡.agonizing flashbacks痛苦的回憶 10.at least至少.暴洪flash-flooding 12.步行橋footbridge 13.高等教育higher education 14.外祖母maternal grandmother 15.散文集a collection of essays 16.中國(guó)少年兒童出版社the China Children Press 17.絲綢之路the Silk Road 18.兒童文學(xué)Children's Literature 19.童年生活childhood life 20.井岡山the Jinggang Mountains 21.原文：Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.如果青年人由于某種原因認(rèn)為自己會(huì)在戰(zhàn)斗中死去，從而無(wú)法享受生活中最美好的東西，因而感到痛苦，這是無(wú)可指責(zé)的.原文：The Suunynook footbridge connects Atwater with Griffith Park, spanning the Los Angeles River and the Golden State Freeway.桑尼努克步行橋橫跨洛杉磯河和金州高速公路，連接著阿特瓦德區(qū)和格力菲公園。23.原文：Last year, on a simple Sunday, three days after Valentine's Day, after many consecutive days of steady downpour, the sun came out.去年，瓦倫廷節(jié)過(guò)后第三天，那是一個(gè)普通的星期天，連日下大雨，終于出了太陽(yáng)。24.原文：Many children were playing close to the water, and we were stunned by their ignorance and daring.那一天，許多孩子在靠近水邊的地方玩耍，他們那樣大膽，不知道危險(xiǎn)就在眼前，使我們非常吃驚。.原文：Unable to reach the boy safely from the shore, Earl stepped into the water.他在岸上安全的地方夠不著那個(gè)孩子，于是就邁步往水里走去。26.原文：《心上的河流》寫出了他對(duì)于小河流水的深情，這使我憶起我所熱愛的無(wú)邊的大海。

In ”A River at Heart", he expressed his deep feelings towards the flowing water of a creek, which reminded me of my own love for the boundless, vast sea.27.原文：能為他的這本散文集子作序，我覺得很榮幸。

I find it a great honour to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.28.原文：讀了這游記，絢麗生動(dòng)得如經(jīng)其境，給了我很大的快樂(lè)。

Reading his travel notes gave me great pleasure because they are so colorful and vivid that I felt I was actually there.29.原文：我常常立在這長(zhǎng)案旁邊，吃我的簡(jiǎn)單早餐——一包巧克力糖！

I would often stand at the narrow, long table, having my simple breakfastan indescribable color.And from then on until the next rains the earth dried and the streams stopped.Cracks appeared on the level ground.The Salinas River sank under its sand.The wind blew down the valley, picking up dust and straws, and grew stronger and harsher as it went south.It stopped in the evening.It was a rasping nervous wind, and the dust particles cut into a men's skin and burned his eyes.Men working in the fields wore goggles and tied handkerchiefs around their noses to keep the dirt out.The valley land was deep and rich, but the foothills wore only a skin of topsoil no deeper than the grass roots;and the farther up the hills you went, the thinner grew the soil, with flints sticking through, until at the brush line it was a kind of dry flinty gravel that reflected the hot sun blindingly.一到六月，草開始枯黃，山坡變成了褐色——其實(shí)也不能算褐色，而是一種難以形容的金紅和桔黃的色澤。從那時(shí)候直到下次下雨為止，土地干燥，溪河斷流。平地開始坼裂。薩利納斯河滲到沙底下去了。風(fēng)吹過(guò)河谷，刮起塵土和干草，風(fēng)勢(shì)越往南越兇，一般要到晚上才停息。刺耳的風(fēng)聲，叫人心煩，沙粒打在臉上生疼，眼睛都睜不開。在地里干活的人都得戴風(fēng)鏡，把手帕扎在臉上，蒙住鼻子。

河谷的泥土厚而肥沃，但是山腳的土層卻薄得只夠扎住草根；越往高處，土層越薄，硬石露了頭；到了灌木都不生長(zhǎng)的地方，只有干巴巴的硬卵石，反射出炙熱炫目的陽(yáng)光

32.這一淋可糟了！晚上發(fā)高燒，一會(huì)兒熱，一會(huì)兒冷！臉上經(jīng)得像抹了胭脂，周身疼，連翻身都疼，疼得像針扎！我想起來(lái)了：我人小，排隊(duì)時(shí)常常被人擠出來(lái)，有些人又常常故意搗亂，工頭舉起鞭子就打，常常因?yàn)榇騽e而捎帶上我。人多呀！一鞭子抽下來(lái)一大片，被捎上了背上就是一條子青一條子紫的。這一病，發(fā)現(xiàn)被工頭抽在身一的傷了！可疼壞我了！可是幸虧這回只病了一夜，第二天早晨就退燒了，穿上帶著號(hào)的衣服就趕快上工了，雖然渾身酸軟，可是不干活不行呀！晚上還得唱戲，一大家人都指著爸爸和我兩個(gè)人掙錢吃飯呀！That drenching nearly did for me!1That evening I ran a fever, burning hot one moment and icy cold the next.My face was as red as if rouged, my whole body ached, and turning over in bed hurt ten being needled!I remembered: Because I'm young, people often jostle me out of the queue;and when some of them make trouble and the foreman whips them, he often lashes me too.In that crowd his whip falls on a whole lot of people, and it leaves blue and purple welts on your back.Now that I was ill I discovered the welts from his whip-they hurt so badly.But luckily I was only feverish one night, the next morning I felt well enough to put on my gown with the number and go to work.Though I still ached all over, I had to work.And that evening I had to act.The whole family looked to Father and me for food.10.‘ This is for you，’ Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget——such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge，built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on，then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“這是為你安排的?！?這句話比爾。莫諾聽到過(guò)好幾次，每一次都令他難以忘懷。有一次，他沿大運(yùn)河乘船順?biāo)?，途?jīng)的每艘船都鳴笛致敬。還有一次，他參觀雄偉的南京長(zhǎng)江大橋——以前沒橋時(shí)，要靠輪渡托載火車橫渡長(zhǎng)江。夜幕漸漸降臨了，他被安排坐下，并被告知稍坐等候，然后突然間，整個(gè)橋身被燈光勾畫出了一個(gè)清晰的輪廊。

11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sulliven，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的記憶里，安妮。曼斯匪爾德。沙利文教師來(lái)的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開始，我的生活與以前迥然不同，一想到這一點(diǎn)，我就感到非常興奮。12.On the afternoon of that eventful day，I stood on the porch，dumb，expectant.那天下午，我一聲不響，懷著期待的心情站在門廊里。

13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog，when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in，and the great ship，tense and anxious，groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen？ I was like that ship before my education began，only I was without compass or sounding-line，and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light！Give me light！” was the wordless cry of my soul，and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷——在海上航行遇上了大霧，周圍一片白，好像著實(shí)把你關(guān)在一個(gè)黑暗的地方，大船上的人又緊張又著急，一面用鉛錘探測(cè)深淺，一面向岸邊慢慢駛?cè)?，你的心也怦怦直跳，生怕出事。我在開始受教育之前，就像這樣一條船，只是沒有羅盤，沒有測(cè)探繩，也無(wú)法知道離海港有多遠(yuǎn)?！肮饷?！給我光明！” 這就是發(fā)自我內(nèi)心深處的無(wú)言的呼喚，也就在這時(shí)候，愛心的光芒照到了我的身上。

14.Someone took it，and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me，and，more than all things else，to love me.有個(gè)人握住了我的手，于是我被抱了起來(lái)，緊緊地抈在了她的懷里。正是她來(lái)到我的身邊，將一切展切在我面前，更重要的是，是她將愛帶給了我。.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange，new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces，I tried vainly to put them together.那是因?yàn)槲艺靡环N剛剛獲得的全新而奇特的視角來(lái)看待一切事物。進(jìn)屋時(shí)，我想起了被我弄壞的那個(gè)娃娃。我摸索著來(lái)到壁爐前，拾起那些碎片，試圖將它們拼接在一起，卻沒辦到。

18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me，and for the first time longed for a new day to come.當(dāng)那感概萬(wàn)千的一天快要結(jié)束時(shí)，我躺在自己的小床里，感受這一天帶給我的那些快樂(lè)，我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了。一生中第一次，我期待著新一天的來(lái)臨。

19.一切舊的傳統(tǒng)觀念，一切阻止社會(huì)進(jìn)步和人性發(fā)展的不合理的制度。

All outmoded traditional thinking； any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心，又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤一樣。

I felt as if my mind was being whipped，as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一個(gè)地方

On another occasion.22.長(zhǎng)得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹，而我的文章就像一個(gè)丑八怪，不打扮，看起來(lái)倒還順眼些。

Physically attractive people don‘t need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster，it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盜名欺世，欺騙讀者的謊言。

This means I oppose fabrication，deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)而言，有三個(gè)方面值得注意：拼法正確，合乎用法——一個(gè)詞怎么用，和哪個(gè)詞連用，很有講究。句子平穩(wěn)—合乎語(yǔ)法。

Unit2 HISTORY

1.The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark，and the labourer lived not in the sun，but in poverty and darkness.What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial，like the mill，which was already ancient in Chaucer‘s time.The industrial Revolution began with such machines； the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age.James Brindley of Staffordashire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels，at the age of seventeen，having been born poor in a village.在農(nóng)村，人們從早到晚都得干活，勞動(dòng)者并不是沐浴在陽(yáng)光下，而在生活在貧困和黑暗之中，那么幫助減輕勞動(dòng)的機(jī)械都不知從哪個(gè)年代就有了。比如磨坊，在喬叟的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)是古老的了。而工業(yè)革命就是從這些機(jī)械開始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是開創(chuàng)新時(shí)代的工程師。斯塔?？さ恼材匪?。布林斯雷，出身于一個(gè)貧苦的農(nóng)村家庭；一七三三年，他十七歲，就著手改良磨坊的車輪，從而開始了他那自我奮斗的生涯。

2.in the air

醞釀之中

3.multi-purpose machine

多功能機(jī)器

4.Brindley had begun on his own account，out of interest，to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.布林斯雷在為他的磨坊和礦井建筑工程到處奔走的時(shí)候，出于自愿和興趣，對(duì)沿途經(jīng)過(guò)的河道進(jìn)行了勘察。

5.they often had little education，and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind.他們一般都沒有受過(guò)什么教育。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)時(shí)那種學(xué)校教育也只能窒息人的創(chuàng)造性。

6.arteries of communication

交通的動(dòng)脈

7.these things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now，away from London； it was a country-wide trade.這些物品都是在遠(yuǎn)離倫敦漸漸發(fā)展成為城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)村制造的。這是一場(chǎng)全國(guó)范圍的貿(mào)易。

8.要從詞匯，短語(yǔ)和結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)方面去弄懂原文，但是光這樣做還是不夠的，還必須把握全篇。

9.It is not alone： it forms one of a triad of revolutions，of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775，and the French Revolution that started in 1789.It may seem strange to put into the same pocket an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.工業(yè)革命不是孤立的，它是當(dāng)時(shí)三大革命之一，另外兩次是美國(guó)革命和法國(guó)革命，分別始于1775年和1789年。將一次工業(yè)革命和兩次政治革命相提并論，似乎有些奇。

10.cottage industry

作坊似的

11.what makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.工業(yè)革命特別具有英國(guó)特色是因?yàn)樗哺谵r(nóng)村

12.During the first half of the eighteenth century，in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society，England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventures.18世紀(jì)上半期，也就是牛頓的晚年，皇家學(xué)會(huì)逐漸衰敗的年代，英國(guó)仍享受著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)和商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)家從事的海外貿(mào)易帶來(lái)的最后歡娛。

13.Eventually，though a few communities continued to be devoted almost exclusively to mining，the real wealth of Montana，Colorado，Wyoming，Idaho，and California proved to be in the grass of soil.后業(yè)雖然少數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)專門從事采礦業(yè)，但蒙大拿，科羅拉多，懷俄明，愛達(dá)荷等州的真正財(cái)富，也和加州一樣，還是在草原和沃土之中。

14.readability，讀起來(lái)上口，順。所謂翻譯，是翻譯意思，而不是翻譯詞句。只要抓住了意思，譯文在詞句上可以有一定的靈活性。

15.Despite the great gains in industry，agriculture remained the nation‘s basic occupations.The revolution in agriculture——paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming，and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.Between 1686 and 1910，the number of farms in the United States trebled，increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.盡管工業(yè)的收益很大，農(nóng)業(yè)仍是國(guó)民的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)革命——和戰(zhàn)后的制造業(yè)革命齊駕齊驅(qū)，使手工業(yè)勞作變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕種，使維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變?yōu)樯虡I(yè)化的農(nóng)業(yè)。從1860年至1910年間，美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的數(shù)量翻了三番，從2000000個(gè)增至6000000個(gè)，耕種的面積也從1.6公頃增至3.52公頃，增長(zhǎng)了一倍多。

16.In 1840，Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.到了1840年，塞路斯，麥克米克創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)奇跡，用他歷經(jīng)近十年研制的神奇機(jī)器，一天可割麥2——2.5公頃。

17.In 1862，the Morrill Land-Grant College Act

1862年，政府頒布的有關(guān)贈(zèng)地建校的“莫里爾公地興學(xué)法案”

18.industrial colleges，appropriated fund，were at work.農(nóng)業(yè)院校，下?lián)芸铐?xiàng)，展開了科研活動(dòng)。

19.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是反帝國(guó)主義的運(yùn)動(dòng)，又是反封建的運(yùn)動(dòng)。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的杰出的歷史意思，在于它帶著為辛亥革命還不曾有的姿態(tài)，這就是徹底地不妥協(xié)地反帝國(guó)主義和徹底地不妥協(xié)地反封建主義。

The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement.Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911，namely，its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism.20.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)所進(jìn)行的文化革命則是徹底地反對(duì)封建文化的運(yùn)動(dòng)，自有中國(guó)歷史以來(lái)，還沒有過(guò)這樣偉大而徹底的文化革命。

May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture； there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history.21.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是在思想上和干部上準(zhǔn)備了一九二一年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立，又準(zhǔn)備了五？運(yùn)動(dòng)和北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres，the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and for the May 30th Movement in 1925 and the Northern Expedition.22.上海，唐山，長(zhǎng)辛店等地工人紛紛罷工示威，中國(guó)工人階級(jí)第一次作為覺悟了的獨(dú)立的政治力量登上政治舞臺(tái)，顯示了它的偉大力量。

Workers in Shanghai，Tanghsna，Changxindian and etc，went on strike to express their disapproval.As an awakened，independent，political strength，Chinese working class stepped on the political stage for the first time and illuminated its tremendous power.23.在全國(guó)人民反帝愛國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)的壓力下，北洋軍閥政府被迫釋放被捕學(xué)生，撤銷三個(gè)賣國(guó)？的職務(wù)，拒絕在對(duì)德“和約”上簽字，反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng)取得了初步勝利。

Under the pressure of a nationwide patriotic struggle against imperialism，the Northern Warlord government had to release those arrested students，remove the 3 traitors from their posts and refuse to sign on the Peace Treaty with Germany.The struggle against imperialism and feudalism has achieved a foundemental victory.24.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是一次徹底的不妥協(xié)的反帝反封建的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)，它促成了中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)同馬克思主義的結(jié)合，在思想上和干部上為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立作了準(zhǔn)備，是中國(guó)新民主主義革命的開端。

May 4th Movement is a revolutionary movement with a thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism and feudalism.It prompted the combination of Chinese workers‘ movement and Marxism and，both in ideology and in the matter cadres，paved the way for the founding of Chinese Communist Party.It was the beginning of the Chinese New Democratic Revolution.25.Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.In 1862，the Morrill Land-Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges.在農(nóng)業(yè)革命中與機(jī)械幾乎同等重要的是科學(xué)。1862年，根據(jù)“莫里爾公地興法案”，國(guó)會(huì)把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)學(xué)院。

26.the revolution in agriculture——paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming，and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.農(nóng)業(yè)的革命——和戰(zhàn)后制造業(yè)的革命并駕齊驅(qū)——使手工業(yè)勞動(dòng)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕作，從維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變成為商業(yè)化的農(nóng)業(yè)。

UNIT 3 GEOGRAPHY

1.All this suggested ancient harmonies.這一切使人感到古代的和諧氣氛。

2.The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the fellahin no longer occur.過(guò)去給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)災(zāi)難的水旱災(zāi)害，現(xiàn)在也不再發(fā)生了。

3.About six years ago it became an island.Day by day the sea is eating the land——the dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.大約六年前，那地方變成了一個(gè)小島。海水一天天沖刷陸地——水壩已經(jīng)使得尼羅河的泥沙無(wú)法沉積下來(lái)加固海岸了。

4.舊的教學(xué)法只管三件事，識(shí)漢字，讀漢字讀物，寫漢字作文。冰心在<北京晚報(bào)>發(fā)表過(guò)一篇文章：“漫談賞花和玩貓”。

5.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan.Driving southward from Cairo into the valley，I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.For the next 1800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile，flowing slowly north，unwound over brown soil and green fields，some only a few yards wide，others as broad as an Iowa cornfield.At the edge of the fields，rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon，lay the brown barren deserts.古埃及的墳?zāi)?，廟宇遍布尼羅河兩岸，一直沿至蘇丹。駕車從開羅往南行至尼羅河谷，映入眼簾的是一番與現(xiàn)代截然不同的景色。藍(lán)色玉帶般的尼羅河綿延1800英里，在棕色的土地和綠色的田野間緩緩向北流去。田地有的僅幾碼寬，有的則如依阿華州的玉米地那么寬。田野的外邊緣處是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方如小山般高高聳起，有的則平平的一直延展至天際。

6.I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long，narrow farm.我感到自己宛若駕車穿越一個(gè)毫無(wú)盡頭的狹長(zhǎng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

7.the road followed the course of the Nile，now passing through the fields，now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，所以時(shí)而從田間穿過(guò)，時(shí)而如一條黑色的分界線將田地與沙漠隔開。

8.as the flood receded，the water draining through the soil leached out the salts and carried them off to the Mediterranean.洪水退去時(shí)，下滲土壤的水會(huì)沖走土里的鹽分，并最終把鹽帶入地中海。

9.it enjoys a Mediterranean climate.屬地中海氣候

10.The fertility of the surrounding plains，easy access to the Murray lowlands to the east and southeast，and the presence of mineral deposits in the nearby hills all contributed to the city‘s growth.四周平原土壤肥沃，與東和東南方的墨累低地相通。附近山區(qū)有礦藏。原為早期農(nóng)貿(mào)中心，現(xiàn)已工業(yè)化。

11.The Adelaide Festival of Arts was the first international celebration of its kind to be held in Australia.阿德萊德文藝節(jié)每?jī)赡昱e行一次，是在澳大利亞舉辦的第一個(gè)國(guó)際性文藝活動(dòng)。

12.Adelaide，the capital of South Australia，is one of Australia‘s best-planned cities.南澳大利亞的首府，阿德萊德，是澳大利亞布局最精巧的城市之一。

13.Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.North Adelaide，which is chiefly residential，is bordered by more parklands，and contains two open squares.N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River，spanned by four bridge and lined with ornamental gradens.帶狀綠地從三面環(huán)繞，區(qū)內(nèi)的四塊空地上有草坪也有樹木，打破了市內(nèi)建筑物的單調(diào)格局。北部主要是居民區(qū)，其周圍也有公園環(huán)繞。另外還有兩個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)。南北阿德萊德的分界是特化斯河，河面上建有四座橋，兩岸則有花園點(diǎn)綴。

14.The city contains many fine examples of early Australian architecture，including the town hall on King Wiiliam Street——the wide main N-S thoroughfare.阿德萊德?lián)碛性S多早期澳式建筑的典范，比如貫通南北的主干道路——余威廉大街上的市政大廳。

15.jets of water，aluminium sculptures，draws its water.噴水孔，鋁質(zhì)雕塑。供水之源

16.Parklands，which separate the city and the suburbs，are preserved in the perpetuity for the use of the people.分隔市區(qū)與郊區(qū)的綠地永遠(yuǎn)留作人們活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所。

17.The Imperial Palace

18.Of particular interest if you have time might be the Imperial Ancestral Temple，which is to the right，and the Sun Yat-Sen Park，on the left.19.Covering an area of 175 acres，the Palace is enclosed by walls over 35ft high and surrounded by a moat 57yd wide.20.the Palace Museum，with four gates，has its main entrance to the south，known as the Meridian Gate.This is the gate you will approach as you continue along the cobbled roadway from Tian An Men.The Imperial Palace is divided into two ceremonial areas： the Outer Palace and the Inner Court.Through the Meridian Gate and across the Golden Water Bridge，one comes to the Gate of Supreme Harmony，the main gate of the Outer Palace.The main building in the Outer Palace are the Hall of Supreme Harmony，the Hall of Preserving Harmony.自考英漢翻譯復(fù)習(xí)資料2

21.The Hall of Supreme Harmony，the Meridian Gate，the Outer Palace，the Inner Court，the Golden Water Bridge，the Gate of Supreme Harmony，the Hall of Complete Harmony，the Hall of Preserving Harmony.太和殿，午門，外朝，內(nèi)延，金水橋，太和門，中和殿，保和殿

22.總面積共有68.2公頃，燕京八景之一，五龍亭，九龍壁，御花園，白塔，燕京，琉璃瓦，影壁

With a total area of 68.2 ha.One of the eight views of Beijing.The Five Dragon Pavilion.Nine-Dragon Screen.The Imperial garden.The White Dagoba.Beijing.Glazed tiles.Screen.UNIT 4 ECONOMY

1.President Clinton realized——as al of us must—— that today‘s economy is global.正如每個(gè)人必須認(rèn)識(shí)到的那樣，克林頓總統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)具有全球性質(zhì)。

2.1977，the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than $15 billion，putting China‘s share of world at 0.6 percent.The most populous country in the world，China ranked a distant 30th among exporting nations.By 1993 China’s exports and imports totaled nearly $200 billion.China had become the world‘s tenth largest exporter.在1977年，中國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額還不到150億美元，僅占世界貿(mào)易總額的0.6%，世界上人口最多的中國(guó)在出口國(guó)家中排名靠后，僅是第30位，到1993年，中國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額接近2000億美元，它已成為每10個(gè)最大的出口國(guó)。

3.Per capita GNP has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980-1992.從1980年至1992年，人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值平均增長(zhǎng)率為7.6%.4.But the importance of trade in our economy has exploded in the past three decades.In 1970，the value of two way trade was equal to just 13% of the US economy.Last year，that figure，at 28%，was more than twice as high.In just the last seven years，jobs supported by US exports have risen by 4 million，to a total of 11 million.That‘s almost one out of ten American jobs.Last year US trade equaled $1.8 trillion dollars.但在過(guò)去30年中，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的重要性大大地增加了，在1970年，雙邊貿(mào)易的總值占了整個(gè)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的13%.去年上升到28%，比1970年增加了一倍多。就在過(guò)去7年中，美國(guó)的出口創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)增加了400萬(wàn)個(gè)?？倲?shù)上升到1100萬(wàn)個(gè)。這個(gè)數(shù)字就占美國(guó)就業(yè)總數(shù)的1/10.去年，美國(guó)貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到了1.8億美元。

5.Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States.Foreign exchange.無(wú)論是中國(guó)還是美國(guó)，都不會(huì)縮小貿(mào)易的重要性。

外匯。

6.Bilateral trade，the order of

雙邊貿(mào)易

7.sound foundation for future commercial and financial ties.為未來(lái)貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系打下了一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

8.China‘s imports from the US，which amounted to $900 million in 1978，rose to nearly $ 3 billion in 1982.exports rose from $300 million to $ 2.3 billion during that period.Total Chinese trade has also risenj dramatically，from 1978 to 1983 Chinese exports increased from roughly 10 billion to 22 billion，while imports increased from 10 billion to just over 21 billion.中國(guó)從美國(guó)的進(jìn)口額，從？？到由9億美元增至近30億美元，對(duì)美出口額在這期間也從3億美元增至23億美元。中國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額也急速攀升，中國(guó)的出口額從1978年的約100億美元增至1982年的220億美元，進(jìn)口額與此同時(shí)也從100億美元增長(zhǎng)到了210多個(gè)億美元。

9.joint ventures.Offshore oil exploration

合資企業(yè)，海上石油勘測(cè)

10.there are reasons to be optimistic and to expect that commercial and financial relationships will grow in the future.我們有理由保持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度，有理由相信，未來(lái)貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展。

11.Food production，industrial production.Light industries.糧食產(chǎn)量，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，輕工業(yè)

12.I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.我相信中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理部門已認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題，在下一個(gè)“五年計(jì)劃”中定會(huì)有效地解決這一問(wèn)題。

13.Britain lives by commerce.With 2% of the world‘s population，we are the world’s fifth largest trading nation.We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and services that we export，the investment that we attract and we make abroad.英國(guó)的生存依賴貿(mào)易。雖然英國(guó)人口只占全球的2%，它卻是世界第五大貿(mào)易國(guó)。英國(guó)對(duì)商品和服務(wù)出口以及對(duì)投資和引資的依賴超過(guò)了世界上其他主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

14.outward investor，net income，the share of foreign investment.海外投資，凈收入，15.what this means is that Britain has direct experience of the benefits that international trade and investment generate.這意味著英國(guó)直接享受到了國(guó)際投資所帶來(lái)的利益。，國(guó)際投資的蓬勃發(fā)展符合我國(guó)利益。

16.that is the way to maximize her share of world markets； and——as the UK knows from direct experience——to attract the stimulus，the technology and the funding that inward investment can offer.最大限度地?cái)U(kuò)大其在世界上的市場(chǎng)份額的方法，英國(guó)從自身直接的經(jīng)歷中體會(huì)到，吸引外資可以帶來(lái)動(dòng)力，技術(shù)和資金。

17.嚴(yán)復(fù)——<天演論>，信—忠實(shí)，達(dá)—流暢，雅—爾雅，他并不十分重視“信”，他說(shuō)“譯文取明深義，故詞句之間，時(shí)有所顛倒附益，不斤斤于字比句次?！?周煦良教授在“翻譯三論”一文中說(shuō)： 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)作為“得體”來(lái)理解。

18.multilateral disciplines.Brought this home.Zero-sum game.Finite stock.Donor and recipient.多邊條約，感觸頗深，盈利損失總體持平，經(jīng)濟(jì)利益增長(zhǎng)值，投資方與被投資方

19.立足國(guó)內(nèi)資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食基本自給，是中國(guó)解決糧食供需問(wèn)題的基本方針。

The basic principle for solving the problem of grain supply and demand in China is to reply on the domestic resources and basically achieve self-sufficiency in grain.20.根據(jù)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源，生產(chǎn)條件，技術(shù)水平和其他發(fā)展條件，糧食增產(chǎn)潛力很大。

Natural agricultural resources，production conditions，technical level and some other conditions ensure great potential in this respect.21.即使考慮到土地報(bào)酬率遞減的因素，也是有條件實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

To achieve the target is totally possible even if the factor of diminishing land returns rate is considered.22.中國(guó)政府將在加強(qiáng)對(duì)現(xiàn)有耕地保護(hù)的同時(shí)，加快宜農(nóng)荒地的開發(fā)和工礦廢棄地的復(fù)墾。

The Chinese government will make efforts to speed up the reclamation of wasteland suitable for farming as well as land discarded by factories and mines.23.inland waters，aquaculture，aquatic products，intensification，animal by-products，arbor foodstuffs.內(nèi)陸水域，養(yǎng)殖，水產(chǎn)品，集約化，畜產(chǎn)品，木本食物。

UNIT 5 CULTURE

1.it‘s raining again.As I lie awake in bed，listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement，my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks，and a chill from within fills me with dread.It’s raining，again.又下雨了，我躺在床上，睡不著，聽著雨點(diǎn)兒落在路面上啪啪作響。我思緒萬(wàn)千，恍恍惚惚進(jìn)入了一條條幽暗的甬道，回想起許多痛苦的往事。心里一陣冰涼，不禁感到毛骨悚然。是的，又在下雨了。

2.it does this every year in Southern California； at least that‘s what they told me last year when I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.加利福尼亞南部，年年如此；去年，雨無(wú)情地下個(gè)不停。我表示驚異，人們就是這樣對(duì)我說(shuō)的。

3.every child raised in the West knows about these dangers.At least that‘s what I used to think.I’m not so sure anymore.在西部長(zhǎng)大的孩子都知道洪水的厲害。至少我過(guò)去是這樣想的，現(xiàn)在就不敢說(shuō)的。

4.Habits form，however，and，in a child‘s mind，most of the time becomes all of the time，and nobody gives it much thought.Then the rains come.然而孩子們習(xí)以為常，在他們心目中，“大部分時(shí)間”變成了“全部時(shí)間”，而誰(shuí)也沒有仔細(xì)去想這件事。后來(lái)就下起雨來(lái)了。

5.在理論方面，魯迅曾針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)趙景深的“寧順而不信”的提法，提出了“寧信而不順”的主張。1935年，魯迅在“題未定‘草’”一文中又對(duì)翻譯作了新的概括。他說(shuō)：“凡是翻譯，必須兼顧著兩面，一當(dāng)然力求其易解，一則保存著原作的豐姿。”也就是說(shuō)，翻譯既要通順，又要忠實(shí)。

6.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and，sometimes，the lives of others.每一天我們都要做出許多選擇，大部分是為自己，有的也為別人。

7.Somehow our path took us toward the park，across the footbridge high above the rolling water of the Los Angeles River.不知怎的，我們就踏上了通向公園的小路。

8.Many children were playing close to the water，and we were stunned by their ignorance and daring.The far bank.許多孩子在告近水邊的地方玩耍。他們的無(wú)知與魯莽把我倆看呆了。

9.He jumped into the water to get his bike and was carried rapidly downstream，a look of panic and horror registering on his young face.他跳進(jìn)河里去撈車。急流一下子就把他給沖走了，他嚇壞了，臉上現(xiàn)出驚恐的表情。剎那間，我們要做出選擇。

10.the greatest instinct，I believe，is to help a child in need.我想，是本能驅(qū)使我們?nèi)ゾ戎粋€(gè)危難中的孩子。

11.I could see that he had confronted much more than he could handle，even being as strong and athletic as he was.從艾勒的表情，我知道，盡管他身強(qiáng)力壯，但當(dāng)時(shí)他面臨的困境是他無(wú)法擺脫的。

12.feeling of guilt，as a matter of course.That little was lucky to get out.內(nèi)疚心理，理所當(dāng)然，那孩子命大的話會(huì)脫險(xiǎn)的。

13.Although both my parents died young，I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors.My maternal grandfather，it is true，was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven，but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty.我的父母年紀(jì)輕輕就去世了，可是說(shuō)到祖輩，我還是選得不錯(cuò)的。我外祖父固然是在風(fēng)華正茂之年就棄世了，當(dāng)時(shí)他只有六十七歲，但是我的祖父，祖母和外祖母卻都活到了八十以上。

14.my maternal grandmother，after having nine children who survived，one who died in infancy，and many miscarriages，as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women‘s higher education.我外祖母有九個(gè)孩子活了下來(lái)，有一個(gè)孩子很小就死了，她還流產(chǎn)過(guò)多次。丈夫一死，她就致力于女子高等教育。

15.if you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective，you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived，still less of the probable brevity of your future.你要是有廣泛的愛好和強(qiáng)烈的興趣，而且還有能力參加一些活動(dòng)，你就沒有理由去考慮自己已經(jīng)活了多少歲這樣的具體數(shù)字，更沒有理由去考慮自己的余年大概是很有限的了。

16.one‘s thoughts must be directed to the future，and to things about which there is something to be done.一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮未來(lái)，考慮一些可以有所作為的事情。

17.It is easy to think to oneself that one‘s emotions used to be more vivid than they are，and one’s mind more keen.人們往往會(huì)對(duì)自己說(shuō)，我過(guò)去感情多么豐富，思想多么敏銳，現(xiàn)在不行了。

18.the other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality.另一件需要避免的事就是老想和年輕人呆在一起，希望從青年的活力中吸取力量。

19.Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves，but human beings，owing to the length of infancy，find this difficult.動(dòng)物，一旦它們的后代能夠自己照料自己，它們就不管了；但是人，由于撫養(yǎng)子女的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，是難以這樣做的。

20.在我國(guó)，從二十年代開始從事翻譯工作，從五十年代乃至八十年代還在討論翻譯問(wèn)題的，大概只有兩個(gè)人，一個(gè)是郭沫若，一個(gè)就是茅盾。

21.I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities.我認(rèn)為，如果老年人對(duì)個(gè)人以外的事情懷有強(qiáng)烈的興趣，并參加適當(dāng)?shù)幕顒?dòng)，我們的晚年是最容易過(guò)得好的，他們的晚年才會(huì)是一生收獲的季節(jié)。

22.Yong men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.But in old man who has known human joys and sorrows，and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do，to fear of death is somewhat object and ignoble.年青時(shí)有這種想法是可以理解的。年青人害怕陣亡疆場(chǎng)，而且一想到人生最美好的一切就這么被葬送了，恐懼的心情會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。這種恐懼無(wú)可厚非。但作為老年人，人生的悲歡離合你已都經(jīng)歷過(guò)了，自己要做的事情也都做了，這時(shí)若還恐懼死亡，那就有些讓人瞧不起了。

23.An individual human existence should be like a river—— small at first，narrowly contained within its banks，and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider，the banks recede，the waters flow more quietly，and in the end，without any visible break，they become merged in the sea，and painlessly lose their individual being.一個(gè)人的一生應(yīng)像一條河——起初窄窄的，夾在兩岸之中，急速地流動(dòng)闃，沖過(guò)巖石，沖下瀑布，漸漸地，河面變寬了，兩岸變得越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，河水靜靜地流動(dòng)著，直到最后，再也沒有什么阻礙了，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)，你已融入了大海，毫無(wú)痛苦地結(jié)束了自己?jiǎn)为?dú)存在的那一段歷程。

24.如今，能為他的這本散文集作序，我覺得很榮幸。

I find it a great honour to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.25.<心上的河流>寫出了他對(duì)于小河流水的深情，這使我憶起死回我所熱愛的無(wú)邊的大海。

In “ A River at Heart”，he expressed his deep feelings towards the flowing water of a creek，which reminded me of my own love for the boundless，vast sea.26.這幾年，我因行動(dòng)不便，整天過(guò)著“井蛙”的無(wú)聊生活，讀了這游記，絢麗生動(dòng)得如經(jīng)其境，給了我很大的快樂(lè)。

In recent years，unable to move about easily，I have been leading a dull life like that of “a frog at the bottom of a well”。Reading his travel notes gave me great pleasure because they are so colourful and vivid that I felt I was actually there.27.如同舊夢(mèng)重溫一般，我回憶起1936年在倫敦的3個(gè)星期，在晝夜看不到日，月，星三光的濃霧之中，參觀了大英博物館，敏納斯教學(xué)——訪問(wèn)了一些英國(guó)朋友。

Just like going through old dreams，I remembered the three weeks I had spent in London in 1936.during that time，when the sun，the moon and the stars were hidden behind the thick fog day and night，I visited the British Museum and the Westminster and called on my English friends.28.因?yàn)樽√庪x羅浮宮很近，我就整個(gè)上午“泡”在羅浮宮里。

As I was very close to the Louvre，I would loiter in the palace the whole morning.29.吃過(guò)早餐，就出來(lái)坐在宮門臺(tái)附上，欣賞宮門口那一大座花壇，花壇里栽的是紅，黃，白，紫四色分明的盛開的郁金色。

After lunch，I would come out and sit on the steps at the entrance of the palace，enjoying the big flower beds near the gate filled with blooming tulips of distinctive red，yellow，white and purple.30.意大利是我最喜歡的一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家。

One of my favourite European countries falls on Italy which is built of stone.31.佛羅倫薩給我留下的，除了美術(shù)館里的雕像和壁畫之外，還有一座座府弟墻壁上的燈座，每座燈下都有一只拴馬的鐵環(huán)，是聚會(huì)或宴客時(shí)拴馬用的，十分別致。

Things I can remember in Florence are the statues and murals in the Art Gallery as well as the lampstands on the walls of each house.Under each lampstand，there is q unique iron ring used to tie the horses when parties or banquets are held.UNIT 6 LITERATURES

1.重神似不重形似“這是在討論翻譯問(wèn)題時(shí)常說(shuō)的一句話。傅雷—人間喜劇，約翰。克利斯朵夫，最難應(yīng)付的是原文中最簡(jiǎn)單最明白而最短。

2.“No，no，no，” replied this individual，who was blond and vigorous and by nature a little irritable and contentious.“沒有，沒有，沒有，” 這個(gè)人回答說(shuō)。他長(zhǎng)得漂漂亮亮，精神飽滿，生性有點(diǎn)暴躁，喜歡爭(zhēng)吵。

3.茅盾：“直譯的意義若就淺處說(shuō)，只是‘不妄改原文的字句’；就深處說(shuō)，還求‘能保留原文的情調(diào)與風(fēng)格?！?/p>

4.“No，sir，but couldn‘t I pick it up pretty quick if I tried hard？”

“是沒干過(guò)，先生。但只要我用心，很快就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)的，是吧？”

5.Clyde，left alone in this fashion，and not knowing just what it meant，stared，wondering.克萊德就這么給甩在這兒了，弄不明白什么意思，兩眼直愣愣地想呀想呀。

6.著名翻譯家王佐良教授以翻譯英詩(shī)為主，兼及散文和戲劇。1980年出版的他的<英國(guó)詩(shī)文選擇集>中，有他譯的袁斯詩(shī)11首，雪萊詩(shī)8詩(shī)，麥克迪兒米詩(shī)10首，有他譯的培根的散文3篇，科貝特的散文6篇。1985年出版了他譯的<彭斯詩(shī)選>.此外他還曾將曹禺的<雷雨>譯成英語(yǔ)。

7.I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers.我記得兒時(shí)給各種小草和隱蔽的小花取的名字。

8.It required only a rich winter of rain to make it break forth in grass and flowers.只要經(jīng)歷一個(gè)雨量充足的冬季，草呀，花呀，就會(huì)長(zhǎng)出來(lái)。

9.when June came the grasses headed out and turned brown，and the hills turned a brown which was not brown but a gold anad saffron and red——an indescribable color.到6月，草就已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)高了，顏色也變成棕色了。山則顯出一種特別的棕色，說(shuō)棕也不是棕，有點(diǎn)金黃，有點(diǎn)桔黃，還有點(diǎn)紅——也形容不出是個(gè)什么顏色。

10.It was a rasping nervous wind，and the dust particles cut into a man‘s skin and burned his eyes.大風(fēng)讓人們煩躁焦慮，塵土的微粒剮著人的臉，刺痛人的眼睛。

11.The land cracked and the springs dried up and the cattle listlessly nibbled dry twings.土地龜裂，泉水干枯，牛兒無(wú)精打采地啃著干樹枝。

12.The tall，well-dressed gentleman standing before me was certainly a far cry from the old sea wolf of my imagination.站在我面前的是一位身材高大，衣著講究的先生，與我先前想像的老海怪完全不同。

13.A delighted giggle cut through the severe silence.The ice was broken.We all laughed.一陣咯咯的歡笑聲打破了嚴(yán)肅而沉寂的氣氛。誰(shuí)也不拘束了，大家都笑了起來(lái)。

14.在舊社會(huì)，我們?cè)u(píng)劇演員常常掙錢不夠吃飯，藝人們大都是拉家?guī)Э?，生活困難。

In the old society，Pinju players seldom made enough to live on.And as most were saddled with big families their life was hard.15.臘月二十三封箱，把“祖師爺”請(qǐng)到前臺(tái)去，后臺(tái)冷冷清清，演員們就更苦了，要等到年初一開戲了，才能掙到錢。

On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month，when theatres closed and the patron saint of actors was invited to the front stage，leaving the backstage deserted，actors were even worse off，unable to earn any more until the reopening on New Year‘s Day.16.真是一個(gè)錢撕成八瓣用，心里總是想著怎樣能夠改善家里的困境。

Each single copper had to be eked out，and I kept racking my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions.17.每天天不亮戴著星星去排隊(duì)，工廠沒開大門就排上老長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)了。

We had to queue up before dawn when there were still stars in the sky.A long queue formed before the mill‘s gate opened.18.可我從頭到腳淋成了落湯雞了。

I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat.UNIT 8 POPULAR SCIENCE

1.there were three groups of oils； animal，vegetable and mineral.油可以分為三大類：動(dòng)物油，植物油，礦物油。

2.a few other creatures yield oil，but non so much as whale.有些動(dòng)物也出油，但都沒有鯨魚出得多。

3.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.植物油從古以來(lái)就為人們所熟悉。

4.To it we owe the existence of the motor-car，which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse，to it we owe the possibility of flying.就是因?yàn)橛辛诉@種油，我們才能用上汽車，以代替馬車。就是因?yàn)橛辛诉@種油，我們才有可能飛行。

5.two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat； but if they are separated by a thing film of oil，the friction and heat are reduced.No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.兩個(gè)金屬面相擦，就要產(chǎn)生摩擦和熱；但如果在它們之間抹上薄薄的一層油，就可以減少磨擦，降低熱度。

6.the statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing that chief oilfields of the world； very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today.石油原于大海的這種觀點(diǎn)是被人們所認(rèn)可的，你要看一眼世界主要油井的分布圖就一目了然了，幾乎沒有遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)在海洋的油井。

7.the rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too.石油存在處的巖石也都有海洋的淵源。

8.A very common sedimentary rock is called shale，which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed.And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.一塊極普通的沉積巖叫頁(yè)巖，這種頁(yè)巖質(zhì)地松軟，很明顯是通過(guò)海底沉積作用形成的。有頁(yè)巖的地方，極有可能有石油。

9.the drill may just miss the oil although it is near； on the other hand，it may strike oil at a fairly high level.有時(shí)石油雖就在附近，但因?yàn)闆]鉆準(zhǔn)地兒，結(jié)果還是一無(wú)所獲。有時(shí)呢，就這么一鉆，石油就噴出好高好高。

10.when the crude oil is obtained from the field，it is taken to the refineries.Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed.從油田獲得的原油要被送到煉油廠進(jìn)行處理。接下來(lái)再將獲得的汽體濃縮后成為煤油。

11.We stand now where two roads diverge.But unlike the roads in Robert Frost‘s familiar poem，they are not equally fair

我們正處在兩條道路分岔的地方。但是并不像我們所熟悉的羅伯特。佛羅斯特詩(shī)中所說(shuō)的，這兩條路是同樣的好。

12.right to know

知情權(quán)

13.A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available.除了用化學(xué)方法控制昆蟲以外，還有其他各種非常奇妙的方法可以利用。

14.All have this in common： they are biological solutions，based on understanding of the living organisms they seek to control，and of the whole fabric of life to which these organisms belong.所有這些方法都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：他們都是生物的解決辦法，其基礎(chǔ)是人們對(duì)所要控制的生物體的了解，以及對(duì)這些生物體整個(gè)生活狀況的了解。

15.It has its obscure and unpretentious beginning； its quite stretches as well as its rapids； its periods of drought as well as of fullness.其源頭，隱隱約約，并不引人注目；其流勢(shì)，時(shí)而平緩，時(shí)而湍急；其水情，有汛期，也有枯謁期。

16.Dr.Knipling was ready for a full-scale test of his theory.尼普林教授已在佛羅里達(dá)島進(jìn)行了一些實(shí)地預(yù)備性實(shí)驗(yàn)，并計(jì)劃大規(guī)模地實(shí)踐其理論。

17.the resounding success of the Curacao experiment whetted the appetities of Florida livestock raisers for a similar feat that whould relieve them of the scourge of screw-worms.庫(kù)拉索島上的實(shí)驗(yàn)大獲成功。這引起了佛羅里達(dá)州特征畜飼養(yǎng)者的興趣，他們希望借助這一成果幫他們擺脫螺旋鈴繩這一禍害。

18.prearranged flight parents.事先安排好的飛行隊(duì)形。

19.中國(guó)還對(duì)廣闊的大陸架和專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行使主權(quán)權(quán)利和管轄權(quán)；中國(guó)的海域處在中，低緯度地帶，自然環(huán)境和資源條件比較優(yōu)越。人工養(yǎng)殖。

China also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelves and exclusive economic zone，as defined by the Un Convention on the Law of the Sea.Located in medium and low latitudes，China‘s sea areas have comparatively advantageous natural environmental and resource conditions.20.所謂上下文一般是指該語(yǔ)言單位的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。所謂狹義上下文是指句子的上下文，即在一個(gè)句子的范圍內(nèi)該單位周圍的的一些語(yǔ)言單位。所謂廣義上下文是指該單位的超出句子范圍的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，這就是話語(yǔ)上下文，即在該單位的周圍，在該單位之外，亦即在與之毗連的各個(gè)句子的語(yǔ)言單位的總和。狹義上下文又可以分為句法上下文和詞匯上下文。

所謂環(huán)境，是指：1.交際環(huán)境，媽了實(shí)現(xiàn)交行行為的環(huán)境； 2.通報(bào)主題，即話語(yǔ)中描述的一情景； 3.交際參與者，即說(shuō)者與聽者。

UNIT 9 LAW

1.As recently as the early 1960s，the phrase “environmental law” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look，even from lany lawyers.早在六十年代初，甚至連許多律師接觸到“環(huán)保法” 這個(gè)詞兒，大半也只會(huì)感到納決而已。

2.enforcement power，environmental statutes.Court of apples.Federal Power Commission.Grant a licese

執(zhí)法權(quán)力，環(huán)境法，上訴法院，聯(lián)邦電力委員會(huì)，頒發(fā)許可證。

3.A powerful indictment of America‘s disregard of ecology，Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides，especially DDT.In 1965 a court action took place that ranks in environmental importance with the publication of Silent Spring.不久以后，在1962年雷切爾?？炙?，名為<沉默的春天>一書問(wèn)世了><沉默的春天>有力的控訴了美國(guó)之忽視生態(tài)，它主要是針對(duì)大規(guī)模使用農(nóng)藥——特別是嘀滴涕。1965年又發(fā)生了一件訴訟，其對(duì)環(huán)境之重要意義，不亞于<沉默的春天>之出版。

4.strip mining，noise pollution，offshore oil drilling，waste disposal.Aerosol cans，and nonreturnable beverage containers.露天采礦，噪音污染，深海鉆油，廢物排放，噴霧器罐及一次性飲料容器。

5.in fact，there is hardly a realm of national life that is not touched by the controversy that often pits those who style themselves environmentalists against proponents of economic growth in our energy-consumming society.The problem is to balance the needs of the environment against those of the economy or consumers trying to cope with the high cost of living without destroying the earth on which we all depend.實(shí)際上，人類生活的方方面面都同這個(gè)爭(zhēng)議密切相關(guān)。那些自稱為環(huán)保主義者的人十分關(guān)注這個(gè)皺議，他們反對(duì)社會(huì)消耗能源以求發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。問(wèn)題其實(shí)是要在環(huán)保需求同經(jīng)濟(jì)消耗需求之間找到平衡，既滿足生存的高消耗又不能破壞我們依賴的地球。

7.enacting legislation，Clean open land.Clean Air Act Amendment.State legislatures.Bills.Hearings.Private lobbies.Labor unions.Trade-offs.Immediate future.Taken into account.實(shí)行規(guī)范，空置土地，凈化空氣法案，凈化空所修正法案，各州立法機(jī)構(gòu)，條款，聽證會(huì)，行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)，勞工會(huì)，8.the contracting states.copyright protection

international systems.Copyright proprietors.Cinematographic works.締約國(guó)，成員國(guó)，版權(quán)保護(hù)，世界版權(quán)保護(hù)制度，版權(quán)所有者，電影的作品

9.For the purpose of this Convention any Contracting State may，by domestic legislation，assimilate to its own nationals any person domiciled in that State.為實(shí)施本公約，任何成員國(guó)均可按照國(guó)內(nèi)立法，將經(jīng)常居住于該國(guó)的任何人按本國(guó)國(guó)民對(duì)待。

10.Director-General，signatory States.Come into force.委員會(huì)主席，締約國(guó)。

生效。

11.each Contracting State undertakes to adopt，in accordance with its Constitution，such measures as are necessary to ensure the application of this Convention

各締約國(guó)應(yīng)依據(jù)其憲法采取有效措施保證此公約的實(shí)施。

12.it is understood that at the date this convention cones into force in respect of any State，that State must be in a position under its domestic law to give effect to the terms of this Convention.須明確的是此公約在締約國(guó)內(nèi)一經(jīng)生效，該國(guó)就應(yīng)依據(jù)其國(guó)內(nèi)法律實(shí)施公約的各項(xiàng)條款。

13.中華人民共和國(guó)

People‘s Republic of China

14.國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和技術(shù)交流，平等互利的原則

International economic cooperation and technological exchange.On the principle of equality and mutual benefit.15.合營(yíng)企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國(guó)法律，法令和有關(guān)條例規(guī)定。

All activities of an equity joint venture shall comply with the provisions of the laws，decrees and pertinent regulations of the PRC.16.合營(yíng)各方，主管部門，工商行政管理主管部門。有限責(zé)任公司。注冊(cè)資本。

Parties to the venture，competent department，State‘s competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration.Limited liability company.Registered capital.17.合營(yíng)企業(yè)各方可以現(xiàn)金，實(shí)物，工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)等進(jìn)行投資。

The parties to an equity joint venture may make their investment in cash，in kind or in industrial property rights.18.董事會(huì)，企業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)方案，收支預(yù)算，利潤(rùn)分配，勞動(dòng)工資計(jì)劃。

Board of directors； the venture‘s development plans，proposals for production and business operations.The budget for revenues and expenditure，the distribution of profits.The plans concerning manpower and wages.19.毛利潤(rùn)，所得稅，儲(chǔ)備基金，職工獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)及福利基金，企業(yè)發(fā)展基金，凈利潤(rùn)，注冊(cè)資本

Net profit.Income tax.Reserve fund.A bonus and welfare fund for workers and staff members and a venture expansion fund

20.外匯帳戶，外匯管理?xiàng)l例，F(xiàn)oreign exchange transactions.Regulations on foreign exchange control.21.合營(yíng)企業(yè)所需原材料，燃料，配套件等，應(yīng)盡先在中國(guó)購(gòu)買，也可由合營(yíng)企業(yè)界自籌外匯，直接在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買。

In its purchase of required raw and processed materials.Fuels，auxiliary equipment，etc.an equity joint ventures should first give priority to purchases in China.It may also make such purchases directly on the world market with foreign exchange raised by itself.22.外籍職工，個(gè)人所得稅，不可抗力，全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)

Foreign employee.Individual income tax.Force majeure.National People‘s Congress.UNIT 10 SPEECHES

1.distinguished guests.On behalf of.Incomparable hospitality.諸位貴賓。謹(jǐn)代表。盛情款待。

2.Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.我在外國(guó)從來(lái)沒有聽到過(guò)演奏得這么好的美國(guó)音樂(lè)。

3.gracious and eloquent remarks.Common ground.At the outset.Common interests.盛情和雄辯的講話。合作的共同點(diǎn)。一開始。共同利益。

4.we have acquired a keen sense of the diversity，dynamism，and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.我們強(qiáng)烈地感受到你們所進(jìn)行的改革和對(duì)外開放政策給中國(guó)帶來(lái)的多樣化，活力和進(jìn)步。

5.more than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two great nations.自從鄧小平副總理和我共同建立我們兩個(gè)偉大國(guó)家之間的正式外交關(guān)系以來(lái)，已經(jīng)八年多了。

6.sino-American relationship.The forging of firm Sino-American ties.National security policies.中美關(guān)系。

建立牢固的中美關(guān)系。

國(guó)家安全政策。

7.strategic relations.Non-government sectors.戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系，非政府部門

8.in this context，it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit.在這種情況下，兩國(guó)尋求能明顯帶來(lái)互惠互利的合作領(lǐng)域便顯得尤為重要。

9.in the area of public health.Although ours is relatively quite small，such activities，when combined with our common foreign policy interests and a growing commercial relationship，should help to remove the lingering fragility in Sino-American relations.在公共健康領(lǐng)域方面。盡管我方所占比例較小，但此次項(xiàng)目，涉及我們基本對(duì)外政策的利害關(guān)系及不斷增進(jìn)的商業(yè)關(guān)系，必將有助于消除中美關(guān)系中長(zhǎng)期存在的不穩(wěn)定因素。

10.先有哈佛，后有美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)，這說(shuō)明了哈佛在美國(guó)歷史上的地位。

The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of American testifies to its position in the American history.11.中國(guó)教育界，科學(xué)界，文化界一直同哈佛大學(xué)保持著學(xué)術(shù)交流。

The Chinese educational，scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchange with this university.12.中國(guó)在自己發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)河中，形成了優(yōu)良的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。

In the prolonged course of its development，China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions

第四篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯總結(jié)

1.因特網(wǎng)能讓世界各地的人們分享信息。

The Internet can let people all over the world to share information 2網(wǎng)上沖浪不能代替家庭作業(yè)。

Surfing the Internet doesn’t take the place of the homework.3.青少年要遠(yuǎn)離他們不可以觀看的網(wǎng)站。

Teenagers to keep away from the websites they should not look at.4發(fā)送電子郵件既便宜又省錢。Send E-mail simple have to save money.5她很少忘記做功課。

She seldom forgets to do her homework.6.每年有許多外國(guó)人來(lái)我國(guó)參觀訪問(wèn)。Every year many foreigers come to visit in China.7.孰能生巧。Practice makes perfect.8他們委托一位建筑師設(shè)計(jì)這座新圖書館。

They commissioned an architect to desigh the new library.9不管你用什么方式上下班，你總是可以有效利用你的時(shí)間

No matter how you commute ,you can always take advantage of the time you have.10.他們前天從國(guó)外返回上海。

They returned to Shanghai form abroad the day before yesterday.11.今天早上你忘了叫醒我。You forget to wake me up this morning.12.一年級(jí)學(xué)生花了許多時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

Students in Grade1 spent a lot of time learning English.13.十年前他的煙癮很大。Ten year ago ,he smoking heavily.14.這個(gè)籃子看起來(lái)沒有預(yù)期的那樣密不透水。

The basket did not seen to be as dense watertight as expected.15.這架飛機(jī)明天首航。

The plane will make her frist flight tomorrow.16.什么事情都逃不過(guò)他的眼睛。Nothing can escape his eyes /attention.17.我想我是鎖了門，但我還是回去查看一下吧。

I think I have locked the door ,but I still went to go back to look at it.18我們已經(jīng)失敗100次，但總有一天我們會(huì)贏的。.We have failed one hundred times,But one day we will win.19.他們聽了我的課，但是我不知道他們領(lǐng)會(huì)了多少.They have listened to my lecture ,but I don’t kown how much they have taken in.20有時(shí)我們自己帶食物，有時(shí)我們?cè)谀莾嘿I。

Sometimes we take food with us and sometimes we buy food there.21.你看書時(shí)他從你身邊過(guò)去的。

You were reading a book when he pessed by you.22.他說(shuō)他的生活越來(lái)越好。

He said that his life was becoming better and better.23.天氣好像不錯(cuò)。It seems a find day.24醫(yī)生囑咐他臥床休息。

The doctor ordered him to stay in bed.25成千上萬(wàn)的中學(xué)生甚至對(duì)一些基本技能也十分無(wú)知。Ten of thousand of middle School students are ignotant about even Basic skill.

第五篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)翻譯總結(jié)

Unit 1 passageA 1.自從有了移動(dòng)電話后，他再也沒有給朋友寫信了。(no longer)Answer:He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone.2.盡管很忙，他每天至少花兩小時(shí)上網(wǎng)(surf the Internet)，了解這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。(even though)

Answer:Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet in order to know about the latest developments in this field.3.李教授在畢業(yè)典禮上作了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的講話，他的話深深銘刻在我的記憶中。(impress upon)

Answer:Professor Li gave a short speech at the commencement.His words were / What he said was strongly impressed upon my memory.4.講到期末考試，學(xué)生們一點(diǎn)兒都不緊張，他們滿臉都是自信。(confidence)Answer:Talking of the final exams, the students were not nervous at all.There was full confidence on every one's face.5.在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇約100個(gè)詞的短文，對(duì)于他們班大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)不過(guò)是小菜一碟。(snap)

Answer:To write a short passage of about 100 words in 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class.1.在接待室外面，一群求職者圍著接待人員詢問(wèn)幾分鐘后就要開始的面試情況。1 Outside the reception room, a group of job hunters huddled around the receptionist, asking about the interview due to begin in a few minutes.2.她的工作經(jīng)歷給了她自信，她感到已準(zhǔn)備好，能在這家大公司找到一份工作。2 With all this assurance of her working experiences she felt ready and able to find a job in the big company.3.當(dāng)看到子女們?cè)谌肟谔幊霈F(xiàn)時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)們臉上的笑容更加燦爛了。3 The parents' smiles broadened as they noted that their sons and daughters appeared at the entrance.4.我只是想讓你記住，盡管你的論文可能通過(guò)了，但還有一些語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤要修改4 I just want to impress upon you that even though your thesis 1

may pass, there are still some grammatical mistakes to be corrected.5.歲月已經(jīng)模糊了那位醫(yī)生的面貌，但卻沖淡不了她對(duì)病人的關(guān)愛。5 The years have obscured the face of the doctor, but not her kindness towards the patients.PassageB 1.我發(fā)覺自己對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)有著濃厚的興趣。(find...doing)

Answer:I've found myself having great interest in spoken English.2.驅(qū)車行駛在高速公路上，我意識(shí)到近幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)的公路系統(tǒng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。(realize;enormous)

Answer:Driving on the highway, I realized that enormous changes had taken place in China's highway system in recent years.3.我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信他這么快就學(xué)會(huì)了操作計(jì)算機(jī)。(can hardly believe;work)

Answer:I can hardly believe that he has learned how to work a computer so quickly / in such a short time.4.三年的時(shí)光已經(jīng)過(guò)去，這一刻終于來(lái)臨了：不到兩周我就要回國(guó)了。(in less than)

Answer:Three years has passed, and the final moment has come.In less than two weeks, I will return home / go back to my country.5.許多我認(rèn)識(shí)的人都迫不及待地想要出國(guó)，而我卻寧愿和家人一起呆在國(guó)內(nèi)。(can't wait)

Answer:I know a lot of people who can't wait to go abroad, but I prefer to stay with my family in my own country.Unit2 PassageA 1.他的生活經(jīng)歷在他的學(xué)術(shù)生涯(academic career)中一直扮演著一個(gè)重要角色。(play a role in)

Answer:His life experiences have always been playing an big role in his academic career.2.那家餐廳最近已經(jīng)延長(zhǎng)了營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間。(extend)

Answer:The restaurant has recently extended its opening hours / business hours.3.我剛剛讀完一本從一種新的視角研究莎士比亞(Shakespeare)的有趣的書。(approach)

Answer:I've just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.4.隨著電子郵件的廣泛應(yīng)用，垃圾郵件(spam / junk email)問(wèn)題已引人們的極大關(guān)注。(issue /problem, draw much concern)

Answer:With the wide use of email, the issue of spam has drawn much concern.5.傳統(tǒng)教育比起網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育來(lái)對(duì)于學(xué)生和教師之間的交流和互動(dòng)有著更多的限制。(communication and interaction, limitation)

Answer:In traditional / conventional education there are more limitations on communication and interaction between teachers and students than there are in online education.1.我們組織這次活動(dòng)，是為了讓大家都能在輕松的氛圍中探討這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，同時(shí)也是為了創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)讓大家相互之間更加熟悉，增進(jìn)友誼。1 We organized this activity because we'd like everybody to be able to discuss the plan in a relaxing atmosphere, and at the same time get to know and make friends with each other.2.這臺(tái)機(jī)器不僅是復(fù)印機(jī)，而且是打印機(jī)。2 This machine is not only a copier but also a printer.3.就在不久前，每到傍晚工人下班經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，這里都是一個(gè)熱鬧的市場(chǎng)，可是現(xiàn)在汽車改線了，就沒有集市了。3 Not long ago there used to be a noisy marketplace here every evening when the workers went home from work, but now the bus has changed its route and the marketplace is no longer here.4.你的未來(lái)在很大程度上取決于你的能力，而一次考試的好壞并不很重要。4 Your future depends heavily on your abilities while how well you do at one exam is of little importance.5.在我看來(lái)，他的道歉太不夠了。5 In my opinion , his apology is simply inadequate.PassageB 1.誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)非昭然若揭，吉姆無(wú)意和他爭(zhēng)論。(have a intention of doing / to do)Answer:Jim had no intention of arguing / to argue with him, since it's obvious who was right and who was wrong.2.令人驚訝的是，那次與威爾遜教授的偶然相識(shí)(chance meeting)，后來(lái)居然給了我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去他們學(xué)校作交流生(exchange student)。(afford an opportunity

Answer:To my surprise, it was the chance meeting with Prof.Wilson that later on afforded me an opportunity to study at his university as an exchange student.3.學(xué)校將延長(zhǎng)圖書館和教室的開放時(shí)間，盡量滿足學(xué)生的需要。(meet the needs)Answer:Our university will extend the opening hours of the library and the classrooms to meet the students' needs at the highest possible level.4.信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)開始對(duì)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面(aspect)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的(profound)影響。(have effect on)Answer:The development of information technology has begun to have profound effects on all aspects of social life.5.憑他的英語(yǔ)水平，在這次校級(jí)(university-wide)英語(yǔ)演講比賽中他將有上佳的表現(xiàn)，對(duì)此我們沒有疑問(wèn)。(have no doubt)

Answer:We have no doubt that, with his high level of English, he will surely have an excellent performance in the university-wide English speech contest.Unit3 PassageA 1.這鋼琴有些不對(duì)勁，但是我無(wú)法說(shuō)清楚。(put one's finger on)

Answer:Something is wrong with the piano, but I can't put my finger on what it is.2.這條褲子不但太大，而且也與我的夾克不相配。(apart from)

Answer:Apart from being too large, the trousers don't match my jacket, either.3.不論理由是什么，反正我喜歡流行音樂(lè)。(whatever)Answer:I love pop music, for whatever reasons.4.他對(duì)外國(guó)文化懷有濃厚的興趣，經(jīng)常博覽群書以尋找有用的信息。(browse through)

Answer:He has great interest in foreign cultures, often browsing through piles of books to look for any useful information.5.在是否要?jiǎng)?chuàng)辦一個(gè)新社團(tuán)的問(wèn)題上，我們意見很不一致。(vary)

Answer:Opinions on whether we should open up a new society vary a great deal.1.明天不論你想去野餐還是購(gòu)物，你今晚首先應(yīng)該完成你今晚的閱讀作業(yè)。1 Whether you want to go on a picnic or go shopping tomorrow, the first thing you should do is finish your reading assignments this evening.2.你也許寧愿通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索信息，成為好書俱樂(lè)部或類似俱樂(lè)部的成員，并在網(wǎng)上閱讀任何一本似乎有趣的書。2 You may prefer to search for information via the Internet, being a member of the GOODBOOK Club or something and reading online whichever of the books seems interesting.3.平日的功課常常很累人，因此周末時(shí)我們很有必要放松一下。3.Schoolwork on weekdays is often tiring and it is necessary for us to relax on weekends.4.當(dāng)新生開始了他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該很浪漫的校園生活時(shí)，失望幾乎不可避免。4 When newcomers start their campus life which is supposed to be romantic, disappointment is almost inevitable.5.有了這些設(shè)施，我們大家倒真是都有東西可以玩了。5 With all these facilities, there is really something for everyone to enjoy.PassageB 1.要去那座島，除了搭船以外，別無(wú)他法。(other than)Answer:You can't get to the island other than by boat.2.有些學(xué)生瘋狂地迷戀流行音樂(lè)，而另外一些人則更喜歡經(jīng)典音樂(lè)(classical)。(while)Answer:Some students are crazy about pop music while others prefer classical music.3.傳媒(media)在引領(lǐng)時(shí)尚方面正起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。(play a...role)Answer:The media are playing an increasing role in leading clothing fashions.4.我千方百計(jì)想弄到一張他新發(fā)行(issue)的唱片(album)，卻未能如愿。(try every means)Answer:I tried every means to get a copy of his newly issued album, but failed.5.要是沒有朋友的鼓勵(lì)和幫助，我可能已經(jīng)輟學(xué)了。(If...not / Without)Answer:Without the encouragement and help of my friends, I would have quit school.Unit4 PassageA 1.我已經(jīng)把我的簡(jiǎn)歷和附函傳真給了那家公司，但尚未收到回復(fù)。(resume, cover letter, fax)Answer:I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven't received a reply yet.2.當(dāng)別人遇到困難時(shí)，約翰會(huì)毫不猶豫地提供幫助。(not hesitate for a second)Answer:John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble.3.我得承認(rèn)我很想到國(guó)外工作和學(xué)習(xí)一段時(shí)間，但我知道要拿到簽證不容易。(admit, abroad, visa)Answer:I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa.4.他到倫敦2年后才在一家國(guó)際銀行找到一份工作。(It was not until...that...)Answer:It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found / took a job in an international bank.5.湯姆完成他的教學(xué)工作后，在中國(guó)周游了2個(gè)月才回到美國(guó)的家。(travel throughout, before)

Answer:After finishing his teaching, Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America.1.由于報(bào)酬和工作環(huán)境之故，在提供給我的三份工作中，我選擇了此份工作。1 Of the three jobs available / offered, I chose this one because of the pay and the working condition.2.直到畢業(yè)６個(gè)月后，我才找到了第一份工作，到一家電腦公司上班了。2 It wasn’t until 6 months after my graduation that I found my first job and went to work in a computer company.3.我最擔(dān)心的是第二天的求職面試，因?yàn)槲覝?zhǔn)備得尚不充分，我還需要多做些準(zhǔn)備。3 I was most scared about the next day’s job interview since I was not well prepared and I needed to do more homework / preparation.4.我就職的那所大學(xué)位于一處美麗的風(fēng)景地，距離湘江兩英里。4 The university I work at is in a beautiful, scenic spot located two miles from the Xiang River.5.鍛煉身體好處多多，其一，幫你減肥；其二，還幫你防病；其三，天天鍛煉會(huì)讓你身體結(jié)實(shí)又健康.5 Exercise has many advantages.For one, it helps you to lose weight.Secondly, it helps prevent disease.Thirdly, exercising everyday keeps you fit and strong.PassageB 1.這是大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生第一次聽美國(guó)教授的講座，他們?cè)陬^20分鐘里聽不太懂他在說(shuō)什么。(have trouble doing sth.)Answer:It was the first time for the freshmen to attend an American professor's lecture, and they had trouble understanding what he was talking about for the first twenty minutes.2.還剩10分鐘，既然你已經(jīng)做完考題，也可以現(xiàn)在交卷。(now that)Answer:There are still ten minutes left.Now that you have finished your test you may hand it in now.3.為了不傷害任何人的感情，他們花了近3個(gè)月的時(shí)間才作出最后決定。(it took...before)Answer:It took them nearly three months before they made their final decisions without hurting anybody's feelings.4.要趕上世界先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)，中國(guó)大學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前至少應(yīng)學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)。(it is appropriate..., keep up with)Answer:It is appropriate for Chinese college students to learn at least one foreign language before they graduate so that they can keep up with the world advanced science and technology.5.史密斯先生是一個(gè)勤奮的電影導(dǎo)演，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)有責(zé)任心的父親。(at the same time)

Answer:Mr.Smith was a hard-working movie director and at the same time he was a responsible father.Unit5

PassageA 1.這些觀眾一定是錯(cuò)過(guò)了看他們的音樂(lè)演出，否則他們會(huì)給予高度評(píng)價(jià)的。(must have done, speak highly of)Answer:The audience must have missed their musical performance, or they would have spoken highly of it.2.盡管她遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)，不知怎么她總能感覺到母親的深切關(guān)懷。(somehow, sense)Answer:Somehow she could sense her mother's deep concern though she was far away from home.3.這位接線員每天從家里到工作地點(diǎn)路上要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)左右。(spend, or so)Answer:The operator had to spend two hours or so on her way from her home to the workplace every day.4.他感激她的同情和理解，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)這意味著許多。(appreciate)Answer:He appreciated her sympathy and understanding, which meant a lot to him during that time.5.她終于來(lái)到電話亭，投入硬幣后便開始往巴黎撥打電話。(finally, dial)Answer:She finally arrived at a telephone booth and put in the coins before dialing Paris.1.為什么有些雇員如此努力地工作 , 卻在第一個(gè)三個(gè)月結(jié)束前就被解雇了?1 Why is it that some employees should work so hard, only to be laid off at the end of the first three months? 2.因?yàn)槟闶俏业呐笥?，我?huì)很樂(lè)意幫你學(xué)英語(yǔ)。2 I can readily help you with your English, now that you are my friend.3.進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我的疼痛一定很明顯，因?yàn)槲矣龅降牡谝粋€(gè)人問(wèn)我“你還好嗎？”3 My pain must have been obvious when I entered the room, for the first person I met asked me “Are you OK?”

4.到了老年時(shí)，那些對(duì)大學(xué)美好時(shí)光的回憶從未真正地從腦海中消退。4 As he grew into old age, the memories of those good days in college never really left him.5.這個(gè)加拿大年輕人本不打算在中國(guó)待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但他卻愛上了一位中國(guó)姑娘并且和她結(jié)了婚

My pain must have been obvious when I entered the room, for the first person I met asked me “Are you OK?” 5 The Canadian young man hadn’t expected to stay in China for long but he fell in love with a Chinese girl and married her.