第一篇：全國2015年中考英語試題 專題八 任務(wù)型閱讀 閱讀翻譯

閱讀翻譯

【2015湖南長沙】第一節(jié) 語篇翻譯 讀下面的短文，將劃線部分譯成英文或中文。（共5小題，計(jì)10分〉

What are magic words? Words like “thank you”，”please“ and ”sorry“ can work wonders in our daily life.These polite expressions arc used every day in America 一 among strangers, between friends or with family.66.People with good manners always communicate with others well by using these magic words.What should you do when you receive a gift for your birthday? 67.你最好坐下來寫一封感謝信。68.The words “thank vou” are very important and used very often.We say them when someone hands us a letter, passes us a book, offers us a drink, or lends us an umbrella.”Please“ is another important word, but many people forget to use it.It is not polite to ask someone for without saying ”please”.69.We are supposed to use it when we ask for something too.It may be a book, a pen, or more milk.It may be in the classroom, at home, or at the bus stop.We can use“please”to make a request(請求）pleasant.70.我們也應(yīng)該會(huì)說“對不起 ”。If we have hurt someone's feeling, we have to say“sorry”.When we have told a lie and regret it, the same word should be used.Sometimes we have forgotten something or broken a promise, so we need to explain with the word as a beginning, “Sorry” is such a word that can make people forget wrongs.“Thank you!Please!Sorry!”—these words are simple but useful.Man said them long ago.We use them now.So will our kids.66._________________________________ 67._________________________________ 68._________________________________ 69._________________________________ 70._________________________________ 66.有禮貌的人總是會(huì)用有魔力的語言跟別人交流的很好。

67.You’d better sit down and write a letter of thanks.68.“謝謝你”這句話是非常重要的和經(jīng)常使用的。69.我們也希望當(dāng)我們詢問事情的時(shí)候使用它。70.We also should learn to say“sorry”。

【2015湖南邵陽】B)英漢互譯 閱讀短文，將文中劃線的句子翻譯成漢語或英語。(共5小題，每小題2分)As teenagers, we should always keep ourselves safe.How can we keep safe? Here is some advice.▲71.We must pay attention to the importance of food safety.When we buy food, we should read the instructions and dates carefully.72.請保持食品的干凈和新鮮。We’d better eat less junk food.▲73.We must follow the traffic rules.Please don’t run or play in the street.It’s very dangerous.▲74.In summer, we mustn’t swim alone in the river.We need our parents to go with us.If we are in danger, we must keep calm and call the police for help.1 ▲75.保持安全對于我們來說很重要。Hope all of us can protect ourselves well.71.我們必需注意食品安全的重要性。

72.Please keep food clean and fresh.73.我們必需遵守交通規(guī)則。

74.在夏季，我們禁止獨(dú)自在河里游泳。

75.It’s important for us to keep safe.【2015湖南株洲】第一節(jié) 翻譯語篇（5小題，計(jì)5分）閱讀下面的短文，然后將劃線部分的句子翻譯成漢語或英語。

You may know a lot about smart phones.But what about smart cities? Imagine living your life like this: When you wake up in the morning, you say, “open the window” to computer and it opens the window.(66)陽光照耀，鳥兒歌唱。Then you finish breakfast and sit in front of your desk and begin to have classes through the Internet.(67)With the help of building a smart city, this may become true one day.A smart city uses digital technologies(數(shù)字科技)such as the Internet to improve city planning, save resources and make our lives easier.For example, people live in smart cities, where there is Internet almost everywhere.(68)They can do many things at home such as booking train tickets and paying water bills.What a beautiful life it is!(69)Now China is making some cities smarter.For example, Guiyang is going to build free Wi-Fi in the whole city.Tianjin plans to start a smart city program to help traffic problems.(70)株洲正在創(chuàng)建智慧城市，因此每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該為創(chuàng)建智慧城市發(fā)揮作用。

66.The sunshine is shining and the birds are singing.67.到了某一天，這將隨著智慧城市的建設(shè)而變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。68.他們能夠在家做很多的事情，如訂火車票和交水費(fèi)等。69.現(xiàn)在，中國正試一些城市智能化。

70.Zhuzhou is creating a smart city, so everyone should play a role in creating a smart city.【2015湖南衡陽】B）句子翻譯。閱讀短文，翻譯畫線部分的句子。（共5小題，計(jì)10分）

“The Chinese Dream” is a hot topic of this year.Many Chinese young people are inspired by the Chinese Dream.Everyone has their own dreams.They give us courage and confidence to keep us going through difficulties.Here are some advice on how to realize our dreams.(66)決不放棄is the key to make our dreams come true.(67)We may fail from time to time, but we can learn from failure, correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals.Our life is like a long journey which is not all roses.It sometimes has wind and rain.(68)We believe rainbows will appear after storms.Cooperation(合作)is also necessary.Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperation with others.Besides, in our society(69)大多數(shù)問題不可能解決 by one person alone.Cooperation is becoming one of the most important ways for people living in the developing society.2 At the same time, we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves.Then we may be confident enough to face challenges.(70)Follow the suggestions above, and our dreams are sure to come true.66.Never give up 67.我們可能不時(shí)地會(huì)失敗，但是我們可以從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)。68.我們相信彩虹會(huì)出現(xiàn)在暴風(fēng)雨后。69.most problems can’t be solved.70.遵循以上的建議，我們的夢想一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

【2015湖南婁底】第二節(jié) 英漢互譯 閱讀下面短文，將劃線句子翻譯成中文或英文。（共5小題，計(jì)10分）

71.Students these days often have a lot of worries.Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork, and sometimes with their friends.72.他們對此能做點(diǎn)什么呢? Some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing.Laura thinks 73.problems and worries are normal in life.She thinks talking to someone helps a lot.Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.Robert advises students about common problems.He thinks it is best not to run away from our problems.74.我們應(yīng)該盡力去解決它們。He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.Students often forget that their parents are always there to help them.In English, we say that 75.sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.So you’re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it!71.近來，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常有許多的擔(dān)憂（困惑）。

72.What can they do with them?/Can they do something with them? 73.問題和擔(dān)憂生活中是（很）常見的。

74.We should try our best to solve them.75.（與人）分享一個(gè)問題就如將問題分成兩半（一人分擔(dān)一分）。

【2015湖南郴州】第二節(jié) 英漢互譯 閱讀下面的短文，將劃線部分的句子譯成漢語或英語。（共5小題，計(jì)10分）

Beijing is the capital of China.It is an excellent city to visit.There are many places of interest, such as the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace and the Great Wall.(71)你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？It is one of the greatest wonders(奇跡)in the world.Also, the food in Beijing is delicious, especially Beijing Duck.Most large cities have zoos.But Beijing has a zoo where you can go at night.(72)It seems strange to go to a zoo when it is dark.However, if you go to see lions, tigers or foxes during the daytime, they’ll probably be asleep.(73)A lot of animals only wake up at night.So this is the best time to watch the animals.One great thing about Beijing is that there are many people coming from different countries.They speak different languages.(74)你能學(xué)到許多。

I like Beijing very much.(75)It is my dream to go there one day.71.___________________________ 72.___________________________ 73.___________________________ 74.____________________________ 75.__________________________ 71.Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 72.天黑的時(shí)候去動(dòng)物園好像很奇怪。73.許多動(dòng)物只在夜晚醒來。74.You can learn a lot.75.有一天去那兒是我的夢想。

第二篇：2016全國中考英語試題專題練習(xí)：感嘆句

全國中考英語試題專題練習(xí)：感嘆句

一、選擇題

1、________ great news it is!We’ll have a school trip next week.A.What a

B.What

C.How a

D.How

2、—We are going to take part in Running Man.—______ exciting news!A.What

B.What an

C.How

D.How an

3、---_______ it is!--Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine!A.What a lovely day

B.How windy

C.What a rainy day D.How wet

4、_______ fat sheep they are!A.What B.What a

C.How

D.How a

5、﹣________ angry Kangkang looks!What happened？

﹣He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday． A．How B．What C．What an

6、______ nice holiday the Turners have had!A.What B.How C.What a D.How a

7、-_____ heavy the rainstorm is!-Yes, the town has experienced the most serious flood during the past ten years.A.How

B.What C.How a

D.What a

8、wonderful speech Emmagave at the UN conference!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an

9、—Do you know that Tom fell off his bike and broke his leg this morning? —Really?

bad news!I'm sorry to hear that.A.What

B.What a

C.How

D.How a

10、________ interesting book the girl has!A.How

B.How an

C.what a

D.what an

11、---The firemen did all their best to put out the fire.---

excellent firemen!A.What B.What an

C.How an

D.How

12、______ good father Mr．King is!He always plays games with his daughter after work．A．WhatB．What a

C．How D．How a

13、Look!The model is walking to us.______ nice dress!A．What B．What a

C．How

D．How a

14、-It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 100℃ below zero.-Really?______ nice surprise!A.How B.What C.What a

D.What an

15、—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.一__________ big progress she has made!She used to be weak in English.A.How B.How a

C.What D.What a

16、_____ excellent advice he has given us!A.What an B.How an C.What

D.How

17、—___________ useful advice you have given to me!Thank you so much!

—You’re welcome.A.What a B.What an

C.How

D.What

18、---TuYouyou has won the Nobel Prize.---______ great she is!We Chinese are so proud of her.A.What a

B.What C.How a D.How

19、________ dog!Everyone would like to own one like him.A.How lovely

B How a lovely C.What a lovely D.What lovely 20、______ exciting news it is!Our government is doing something to stop the haze(霧).A.What

B.What an

C.How

D.How an

21、---Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful?---Yes.____________ wonderful film it is!A.What B.What a

C.How D.How a

22、_____good advice it is!A.How a

B.What a

C.How D.What

23、________ nice flowers!Where did you buy them？ A．How

B．What

C．What a

D．What an

24、______ good news it is!I feel so ________.A.What, exciting

B.What, excited C.What a, exciting

D.What a, excited

25、________ interesting book the girl has!A.How

B.How an

C.what a

D.what an

26、—_______ the flower is!Do you know who bought it? A.How nice

B.What nice C.What a nice D.How a nice

27、_______ awful the weather is!I’m afraid we have to cancel our sports meeting.A.What an

B.What

C.How an

D.How

28、— Wow, I've got an A in my math test.—

wonderful news it is!A．What a B．How C.What

D.So

29、___ pretty your dress is!A What B What a

C How

D How a 30、fast the boys are running!A.What

B.What a

C.How

D.How a

31、— Dad, what do you think of the picture I drew? — ________!It’s the nicest one that I have ever seen.A.What beautiful

B.How terrible C.How wonderful

D.What wonderful picture

32、_______ bad weather it is!A.How

B.What a

C.What

33、--My good friend says his classmates are going to travel this weekend.--__________________!A.How exciting news

B.What an exciting news

C.What exciting news

34、---The 2010 World Expo(世博會(huì))which will last 184 days will be held in Shanghai on May 1st.---________ exciting news!We shall try our best to support it.A.How

B.What

C.How an

D.What an

35、— She used to have long straight hair, but now she’s got short curly hair.—_________!A.What a nice girl B.How a nice girl.C.What nice girl D.How nice girl

36、—____________ great pictures!Who drew them? —My sister Gina did.A.What B.What an C.How D.How a

37、—_____ the weather is today!A.What a bad

B.What bad

C.How bad a

D.How bad

38、_________!It makes my eyes feel uncomfortable.A.How strong light

B.How a strong light C.What a strong light

D.What strong light

39、—_______ interesting the storybook is!

—Yes.I have read it twice.A.What

B.What an

C.How

D.How an 40、________ beautiful music it is!I really enjoy it.A.How

B.What

C.How a

D.What a

參考答案

一、選擇題

1、B

2、A

3、A

4、A

5、A

6、C

7、A

8、C

9、A

10、D

11、A

12、B

13、B

14、C

15、C

16、A

17、D

18、D

19、C 20、A

21、B

22、D

23、B

24、B

25、D

26、A

27、D

28、C

29、C 30、C

31、C

32、C

33、C

34、B

35、A

36、A

37、D

38、B

39、C 中心詞interesting是形容詞，感嘆句應(yīng)用how引出。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語（+其他）！句意：“這本故事書真有趣啊！”“是啊，我已經(jīng)讀兩遍了?！?40、B

第三篇：英語試題20篇(翻譯)

英語試題 公共英語部分

注：括號(hào)里面的文字的意思：

1.根據(jù)整篇短文的理解加進(jìn)去，只是為了正片讀起來相對比較通順而已，省去括號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容也可。

2.考慮的翻譯的可讀性，改變了原本的表述方法，括號(hào)里是字面上的意思 3.每句與每句之間的銜接的邏輯連接詞。4.對前句翻譯的說明。

另，有些翻譯仍然不夠通順，請見諒！^_^

Put the following passage into Chinese:

1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning.早教的批評(píng)者援引有關(guān)4歲的小孩是否已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好接受正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)的研究。

Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail.一些教育者們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些學(xué)步較晚的小孩更能勝任學(xué)校的功課，而那些較早學(xué)步的小孩反而不盡人意。

Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development.那些4歲半即將5歲的幼兒園小孩，在生理、心理、社交、智力的發(fā)展上似乎處于劣勢地位。

Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five.另外，相比于那些剛剛5歲就被送進(jìn)幼兒園的小孩，那些接近6歲才進(jìn)入幼兒園的小孩在他們學(xué)校功課中常常能夠獲得更好的成績，在成績測試中也常常獲得較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing.（一個(gè)小孩）聰明、語言表達(dá)能力（是否強(qiáng)）與（他）是否適齡入學(xué)似乎并不是一回事。

It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children with inner maturity.如今小孩身上表現(xiàn)出來沉著、老練與內(nèi)在的成熟，這兩者很容易被混淆。

Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their less-pressured peers.實(shí)際上，有證據(jù)顯示，早教所帶來的恰恰適得其反。那些被父母后面督促著而學(xué)業(yè)有成的小孩（往往）缺乏創(chuàng)造力，而且對于考試他們顯得更加焦慮。同時(shí)，相對于沒有收到重壓的同齡人，到學(xué)前教育結(jié)束之時(shí)，他們（已）難以維持最初在學(xué)業(yè)上的優(yōu)勢。

Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting.對于將4歲小孩放入正式教育的這種做法，許多心理學(xué)家和教育家都持懷疑態(tài)度。

They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home.通過豐富環(huán)境能否顯著地改變一個(gè)成長在普通家庭（字面：非弱勢家庭）孩子的自然成長規(guī)律（字面：發(fā)展/成長時(shí)間表），這是他們有所質(zhì)疑的地方。

They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own pace, and evolve their social skills.然而，他們也并不否認(rèn)那些托兒所和幼兒園的發(fā)揮的重要性。它們給孩子們提供了家一樣的環(huán)境，充分自由的玩樂空間，任孩子們慢慢成長（字面：讓它們按照自己的步伐成長/發(fā)展），同時(shí)還培養(yǎng)了它們的社交能力。

But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds.但是，它們也指出，以前許多在一年級(jí)才要求掌握的事情現(xiàn)在希望還在幼兒園的孩子也要學(xué)會(huì)，他們甚至還唯恐4歲的小孩知之過少（字面：他們唯恐小孩所要要求的將越來越多）。These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby depriving them of their childhood.（同時(shí)）這些心理學(xué)家和教育家們認(rèn)為，我們?nèi)绱诉@般強(qiáng)壓這些孩子以至于剝奪了他們的童年。

2、People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.人的個(gè)性和行為習(xí)慣是如何形成的？這是困擾著人們很長時(shí)間的一個(gè)問題。

It's not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

為什么人的智力千差萬別（一個(gè)人聰明，而另一個(gè)人卻不是）？為什么有些人（一個(gè)人）樂于協(xié)作，有些人（另一個(gè)人）卻爭強(qiáng)好勝？要解釋這些并不易。

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.當(dāng)然，這些問題也是社會(huì)科學(xué)家們所極其關(guān)心的問題。

They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.他們想（為我們）解釋為什么我們具備特定的個(gè)性、表現(xiàn)出一定的行為舉止。

There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thoughts on the matter have developed.然而這并沒有確切的答案（可言），但是基于這個(gè)問題的兩個(gè)思想流派已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來。As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.正如你所料，兩種思想流派是截然不同的，而二者理論的支持者之間存在劇烈的爭論。The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture.”

他們二者（關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的）爭論的往往很容易被歸結(jié)為“先天得之或后天養(yǎng)成”。

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.那些“先天得之”論的支持者認(rèn)為，我們的性格和行為模式在很大程度上取決于生物和遺傳因素。

That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.我們所處的環(huán)境對我們能力、個(gè)性、行為（的塑造）甚至可能并沒有什么作用，而這一點(diǎn)正是“先天得之”論的核心。

Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.這種理論甚至極端地堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，我們的行為模式在很大程度上是先天決定的；因此，我們幾乎完全受我們的本能所支配。

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.“后天養(yǎng)成”論的支持者們，抑或是常稱之為行為學(xué)家，他們聲稱在決定我們的行為模式時(shí)，環(huán)境比以生理為基礎(chǔ)的本能更為重要。

A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.一位名叫斯金納（B.F.Skinner）行為學(xué)家認(rèn)為，人類的行為模式完全是由周圍環(huán)境塑造的。The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic;they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

行為學(xué)家們有關(guān)人類的觀點(diǎn)是相當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)械的；他們機(jī)械的認(rèn)為，人類對環(huán)境刺激的反應(yīng)是形成他們行為模式的基礎(chǔ)。

The traditional belief that a woman's place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.女人當(dāng)主內(nèi)（應(yīng)當(dāng)待家里）以及女人不應(yīng)該外出工作，諸如上述傳統(tǒng)觀念在現(xiàn)如今的條件下將很難合理的維系。

It is said that it is a woman's task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.（傳統(tǒng)觀念）還認(rèn)為，女人的天職就是照顧小孩，然而現(xiàn)如今家庭規(guī)模在逐漸變小，小孩之間的年齡差距也就一兩歲。

Thus a woman's whole period of child bearing may occur within five years.如此一來，一個(gè)女人用來照顧小孩得所有時(shí)間也就五年之內(nèi)。

Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six, her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.此外，隨著五六歲適齡入學(xué)，女人作為孩子首席教育家的工作也很快就停止了。

Thus even if we agree, that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.因此，即使是我們同意，對于大多數(shù)女人來說，待在家里照顧孩子直到他們適齡入學(xué)，這段時(shí)間也僅僅是10年而已。

It might be argued that the house-proud women would still find plenty to do about the home.（然而，仍然）有可能會(huì)有爭論說，那些以家庭為重的女人仍然可以找到很多與家庭有關(guān)的事情去做。

That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, mending and sewing.女人們確有可能如上所述，但是究其一生去做煮飯、修補(bǔ)和縫紉的活已經(jīng)不再是一個(gè)女人所必須的了。

Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.洗衣機(jī)的問世將洗衣房里枯燥乏味的工作解放，最新式的洗衣機(jī)能完成將大量衣物洗滌到烘干的所有工作，而這些工作都是全自動(dòng)的。

Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.電冰箱的問世使得長時(shí)間儲(chǔ)存食物成為可能，（與此同時(shí)）許多預(yù)熟的食物都保存到了罐頭中。

Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.（這樣一來）我們只需一周采購一次，而不是每天如此。

The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.（另外，）新型的人造纖維織物比自然纖維的織物更耐磨，在大大節(jié)省了修補(bǔ)工作的同時(shí)，這些成衣更便宜且更方便批量化。

3、In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ right is in the air.不吸煙者的權(quán)利問題正在一個(gè)又一個(gè)國家里議論開了。

While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking.雖然大多數(shù)的國家（對此）極少甚至不采取任何行動(dòng)，然而有30個(gè)國家已經(jīng)通過立法措施來控?zé)煛?/p>

Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.一些國家通過出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)法律來保證非煙民不被動(dòng)吸二手煙（字面：還非煙民潔凈的空氣），或者通過法律減少香煙消費(fèi)。

In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized.在一些發(fā)達(dá)國家，香煙消費(fèi)或多或少已趨于穩(wěn)定。

However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged.然而，在許多發(fā)展中國家，吸煙（個(gè)人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該翻譯成，煙草消費(fèi)）被視作經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的標(biāo)志，更有甚者他們還鼓勵(lì)吸煙。

As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries.隨著煙草公司的國際化，這些國家的煙民便成了煙草公司們的新大陸（字面：煙草公司需要在這些國家的煙民中找到新的市場）。

For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa—where U.S.tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.例如，美國煙草業(yè)在1974年向中東和北非輸出的煙草總額增加了27%以上，為此他們做出了巨大的努力。

Smoking is harmful to the health of people.吸煙有害健康。

World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it.世界各國政府應(yīng)該開展嚴(yán)肅的禁煙運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Restrictions on cigarette advertisement, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking.限制香煙廣告，在煙盒上標(biāo)識(shí)吸煙危害，在劇院、影院、飯館等公共場所禁煙（等），這是大多數(shù)國家為了保證非煙民利益以及控?zé)煹钠毡樽龇ā?/p>

But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.然而，世界各國所關(guān)注的下一步重點(diǎn)是，如何讓這些煙民更加自覺并且讓他們意識(shí)到吸煙是陋習(xí)

Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.（同時(shí)，）我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力去告誡年輕人沾上吸煙這個(gè)陋習(xí)將會(huì)帶來的惡果。And cigarette price should be boosted.與此同時(shí)，香煙的價(jià)格應(yīng)當(dāng)提高。

In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.在這漫長的禁煙賽跑中，毫無疑問，每個(gè)人的生活都將因禁煙而變得美好，然而人們卻并沒有為這場激烈的禁煙戰(zhàn)爭做好準(zhǔn)備。

4、這一篇用了很多比喻及隱喻，還有類比，所以翻譯起來比較難，到后面長句較多，超出我的能力范圍。

We are told the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen;that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panoroma.據(jù)我們所知，大眾媒體是迄今為止最好的啟迪民智的方式，比如在英國，時(shí)事節(jié)目“全景”（Panoroma）每一期都吸引了數(shù)百萬的觀眾。

It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies.確實(shí)，同時(shí)讓如此眾多的人如此頻繁密集地置身于形形色色的社會(huì)暗示當(dāng)中，像這樣的情況，在人類歷史中還從未有過。（這一句當(dāng)中intimations about societies 社會(huì)暗示 翻譯不好，請見諒）

This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities, width of judgement, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes.置身于其中或許是一種獲取某些重要知識(shí)、富有想象力的品質(zhì)、廣泛的判斷力以及對事物各種可能態(tài)度的起點(diǎn)。

Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development.然而單憑如此置身其中卻并不能使我們的智力和想象力有所增益。

It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral.這莫不如采石場中堆臥如山的頑石，你可信，他日將成筑造教堂之材。

The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build.大眾媒體并不能筑起教堂，他們?nèi)绱诉@般展示這些頑石也并不能使其成為可用之材。

For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observe fleetingly individually interesting points of difference between them is sufficient in itself.因?yàn)樽鳛檫@些頑石本身，他們都各自處在一個(gè)獨(dú)立的、自足的世界當(dāng)中，由于他們的含蓄，我們無非就只能這么看著他們，因此，身處這樣的環(huán)境，快速的瀏覽這些頑石各自的閃光點(diǎn)足矣。

Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to — or feel we should try to — make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals.確實(shí)，生活本就是各種問題的結(jié)合體，因此，身處這種環(huán)境中，作為公民或者作為個(gè)人的我們，都不得不去抑或覺得理應(yīng)試著去做決定。（或者這么翻譯：生活充滿了許多不管我們作為公民還是個(gè)人都必須做出決定的問題。）

But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media.然而，這些抉擇本身所具有的真實(shí)難度，還有抉擇時(shí)所帶來令人煩惱的難題，這一切都沒有在大眾媒體上得到報(bào)道和體現(xiàn)。（communitcated意為溝通，交流，若直譯讀起來不太通順）

The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customer happy.大眾媒體不愿給出明確的答案，這種行為，不能簡單的將其視為一種想要取樂顧客的商業(yè)手段。

It is within the grain of mass communications.它是存在于大眾傳媒的產(chǎn)物之中的。

The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be and whatever their form(the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry, do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt.官方的機(jī)構(gòu)（州、教會(huì)、志愿者協(xié)會(huì)、政黨），無論他們是否可能是善意的，都注重自己的既得利益，確保公眾的反應(yīng)不是太激烈，注重自己在社會(huì)中的地位不被動(dòng)搖，并極盡所能的對那些在大眾媒體中工作的人造成影響，使他們不知不覺為政府機(jī)構(gòu)的生產(chǎn)形式而左右，盡管這些新聞從業(yè)者會(huì)走個(gè)討論、詢問的過場，但這并不會(huì)觸及到政府的關(guān)鍵之處。(觸及到要害)They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliché-assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life.他們揭露問題往往只是在民主社會(huì)可以接受的老一套觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)進(jìn)行。既不對這些老一套的表示出一點(diǎn)過激的疑問，在涉及現(xiàn)代生活時(shí)也盡量不讓各方面感到難堪。

They will stress the “stimulation” the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself;they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo(現(xiàn)狀).他們會(huì)通過電視節(jié)目來施以刺激，但是出于利益的角度，這種做法很快的變成一種煽動(dòng)；最后反過來又成為讓大家接受現(xiàn)狀的推手。

There were exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.（當(dāng)然）這種情況也有例外，然而卻不是典型的。The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press.在廣播電視節(jié)目中常能看到這樣的處理結(jié)果，就如同公共媒體應(yīng)對普通的公共事件一樣簡單明了。

Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgement.公眾媒體需要考慮到不同層次觀眾或讀者的背景情況，然而常常發(fā)生的是

Programs such as this are noteworthy less for the “stimulation” they offer than for the fact that stimulation(repeated at regular intervals)may become a substitute for and so a hindrance to judgements carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses.Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters;they tend to castrate(使…喪失活力)them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.5、Writing, as a career, offers a range of personal rewards.作為一種職業(yè)，寫作能為作者提供一系列的回報(bào)。

It enables people to express themselves, as well as to entertain, inform, and influence others.寫作讓人表達(dá)自己的同時(shí)，同樣能夠娛樂、告知、影響他人。

With only a few tools--paper, a typewriter, a pencil, and often a personal computer, a writer can have an impact on the surrounding world.僅僅需要一張紙、一臺(tái)打印機(jī)、一支筆或者一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦，作家就可以憑此寫出驚世之作。But most authors spend hundreds of hours perfecting their skills before they can sell any of their works.然而，絕大多數(shù)的作家能夠以寫作養(yǎng)活生計(jì)之前，他們都需要花費(fèi)時(shí)日去磨練他們的寫作技藝。

A person who wants to be a writer should set aside some time to write every day.要想成為一個(gè)作家，每日行文是必須的。

Learning to express ideas clearly and effectively in writing takes a great deal of practice.想要在文章中清晰、有效地表達(dá)自己的想法需要做大量的寫作練習(xí)。Many experienced writers keep a journal.許多有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作家都有記日記的習(xí)慣。

A journal can serve as a storehouse for information, observations, and ideas.日記是儲(chǔ)存信息、觀察和想法的寶庫。It can also be a place to develop new material.它同樣也可以是提煉新素材的寶庫。

Beginning writers should read many kinds of writing encountered every day and pay special attention to what they find most interesting.初學(xué)寫作的人應(yīng)該閱讀日常碰到的各式各樣的作品，要特別留意那些他們特別感興趣的文章。

News items, feature stories, textbooks, cookbooks, repair manuals, poems, essays, short stories, novels, and plays differ in their methods of organizing and presenting material.新聞、特寫、教材、食譜、維修手冊、詩歌、散文、短篇故事、小說和戲劇在組織和呈現(xiàn)素材的時(shí)候各有各的手法。A beginning writer who reads widely and carefully will develop an appreciation of different writing approaches and styles.通過廣泛而細(xì)致的閱讀可以幫助初學(xué)寫作的人提高對不同寫作手法和寫作風(fēng)格作品的鑒賞能力。

In time, the writer can acquire a more flexible approach to his or her own work.隨著時(shí)間的推移，作家就可以在他/她的作品中游刃有余。

Successful authors write about subjects they know and understand.成功的作家寫的主題是他們知曉的領(lǐng)域。

They sometimes take weeks or months revising or refining an article, poem, or story.有時(shí)候他們會(huì)花數(shù)周甚至數(shù)月時(shí)間去修改、精煉一篇文章、詩歌或者故事。

Beginning writers usually benefit from finding one or more friendly critics who will read their work and discuss its strengths and weaknesses with them.初學(xué)寫作的人往往能從友善的評(píng)論家（的點(diǎn)評(píng)）那受益，因?yàn)檫@些評(píng)論家會(huì)研讀他們的作品并與他們一同討論作品的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。

High schools and colleges offer many learning opportunities for young writers.高中和大學(xué)為年輕的作家提供了許多學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。Composition and literature courses can be helpful.作文和文學(xué)課程（對于年輕的作家）也非常有幫助。

Creative writing and journalism courses may further assist a beginning writer in developing his or her skills.創(chuàng)意寫作和新聞寫作課程可以更加深入的幫助一個(gè)初學(xué)寫作的人提升他/她的寫作能力。Many students work on literary magazines, newspapers, or yearbooks published by their schools.許多學(xué)生在位文學(xué)雜志社、報(bào)社或者學(xué)校年鑒出版出版社工作。They may write stories, edit articles, or gain other valuable experience.他們可能在那兒寫故事、編輯文章，或者（為寫作）積累寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

6、Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do?

鮮少有人懷疑母親在照顧孩子方面的根本重要性，然而，爸爸（的重要性）呢 Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home.他們對家里面的貢獻(xiàn)僅僅是作為家里面第二個(gè)成年人所做的。Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting.拉扯大一個(gè)小孩往往是吃力的、有壓力且疲憊的。

Two adults can support and make up for each other's deficiencies and build on each other's strengths.兩個(gè)大人（爸爸媽媽）可以相互支持，互補(bǔ)不足各取所長。

Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities.爸爸（在養(yǎng)育孩子方面，同樣）可以取得一系列特別的作用（字面：獨(dú)特的品質(zhì)）。Some are familiar: protector and role model.其中一些為人們所熟知，即保護(hù)者和（孩子的）榜樣。Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble.眾所周知，沒有父親的男孩更容易招惹麻煩。

The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men.女孩的成人之路相對來說要簡單一些，然而，她們也必須仍然要從父親那兒學(xué)習(xí)如何與男性相處，這一點(diǎn)是她們無法從母親那兒學(xué)來的。

They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference.她們從父親那兒學(xué)會(huì)了對異性的信任、親密與區(qū)別。

They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives.她們要從一個(gè)男人身上學(xué)習(xí)欣賞自己身上的女性溫柔之美，而這個(gè)男人在她生命當(dāng)中是那么特殊。

Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.最重要的是，通過從她們的父親那兒學(xué)到愛與被愛，她們將會(huì)明白她們不負(fù)所愛（字面：她們是值得被愛的）。

Current research gives much deeper--and more surprising--insight into the father's role in child-rearing.對于兒童成長階段父親的角色，最近的研究給出了更加深刻且令人意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play.其中一個(gè)顯然被忽略的方面就是玩耍。

From their children's birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize play more than caretaking.從呱呱墜地到青春期，父親往往著重于與孩子們玩耍多過照顧。

The father's style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting.與父親玩耍的是的方式更加傾向于身心的激勵(lì)（字面：身體上的刺激和讓人興奮）。

With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills.與年長一點(diǎn)的孩子相處時(shí)，玩耍中要包含了更多的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，還需要有關(guān)心理和生理方面的小競賽。

It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how.這常常類似于一種教學(xué)關(guān)系——來吧，讓我來教你怎么做。Mothers play more at the child's level.母親與孩子之間的玩耍多在孩子們的孩童時(shí)期。They seem willing to let the child direct play.她們對孩子們玩耍的期望較為直接。（字面：她們更希望讓孩子們直接玩。）

Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy.至少在最初的幾年里，孩子們更愿意與他們的爸爸玩耍。

In one study of 2-5-year olds who were given a choice, more than two-thirds chose to play with their father.一個(gè)對2-5歲這個(gè)年齡段小孩的研究指出，當(dāng)讓這些小孩選擇跟誰玩時(shí)，超過三分之一小孩得選擇是他們的爸爸。

The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement.與父親玩耍的方式會(huì)對很多方面產(chǎn)生影響，從情緒控制到智力發(fā)展，甚至是學(xué)業(yè)成績。It is particularly important in promoting self-control.特別是在情緒控制方面有非常重要的促進(jìn)作用。

According to one expert, “children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable.” 按照一位教授的原話：“那些與他們父親打鬧的孩子們，早早就明白了打人和踢人或者其他形式的暴力行為都是不允許的?！?They learn when to “shut it down.” 他們知道何時(shí)“住手”。

At play and in other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiative, risk taking and independence.在玩耍亦或是其他的一些地方，父親往往會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)競爭、挑戰(zhàn)、主動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)和獨(dú)立 Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety.（而）母親作為看護(hù)者，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是情緒上和人身的安全感。

On the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing even higher, while mothers are cautious, worrying about an accident.在游樂場中，爸爸經(jīng)常試著讓孩子的秋千擺的更高，而媽媽卻總是小心翼翼擔(dān)心意外。

7、（與第一篇重復(fù)）Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning.Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail.Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development.Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five.Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing.It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children with inner maturity.Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their less-pressured peers.Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting.They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home.They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own pace, and evolve their social skills.But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds.These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby depriving them of their childhood.8、Sociologically, advertising supports the mass communication media.從社會(huì)學(xué)角度來說，廣告是支撐大眾傳播媒體運(yùn)營的基礎(chǔ)。It pays all the costs of commercial television and radio.廣告為商業(yè)電視和廣播媒體提供開銷。

It provides viewers with free entertainment and news programs, though viewers are often annoyed by commercial interruptions.盡管觀眾們老是因?yàn)椴宀ド虡I(yè)廣告惱火，然而廣告卻為觀眾們提供了免費(fèi)的娛樂和新聞節(jié)目（然而觀眾們正因此而不必為娛樂和新聞節(jié)目買單）。

Without advertising, readers would have to pay a higher price for newspapers and magazines, and many of the publications would go out of business.如若沒有廣告，讀者們便不得不為昂貴的報(bào)紙和雜志買單，許多出版商也會(huì)因此倒閉。

9、Most publications have lots of advantages.各種出版物都有其各自的優(yōu)勢。

Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere.紙質(zhì)出版物適于上手、易于閱讀、便于攜帶，讓你隨時(shí)隨地享受閱讀。On the other hand, print has its weaknesses.而從另一方面來說，印刷品也有他的短板。

Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available.（那就是）紙張非常貴，并且文章通常都需要縮減以適紙張篇幅。Printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time.（同時(shí)）印刷和分發(fā)這些紙質(zhì)出版物既耗時(shí)又耗財(cái)。

Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search.印刷品的儲(chǔ)藏較為昂貴，且難于（字面：基本上不可能用于）檢索。Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.電子媒體為所有這些問題提供了解決方案。

10、In a report called Research Capability of the University System launched this week the group claims that funds are needed to pay for the “professional development” of university teachers who are not active in research, to help them keep up with their subject and improve the courses they teach.一份叫做大學(xué)系統(tǒng)的潛在研究能力的報(bào)告在這周公布，其研究小組聲稱為了使那些消極于研究的大學(xué)老師跟上他們所在領(lǐng)域（的研究進(jìn)展），提升他們所教課程的質(zhì)量，我們需要建立一個(gè)基金來激勵(lì)那些有專業(yè)發(fā)展的大學(xué)老師。

11、None of the methods conceived two decades ago has yet to discover a uniform warning signal that preceded all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming temblor is mild or a killer.20年前的這些預(yù)報(bào)地震的方法中，還尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)一種統(tǒng)一的預(yù)警信號(hào)能夠提前預(yù)測地震，更不用說預(yù)警是否能提醒將至的地震的強(qiáng)烈程度。Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors.地震是由許多因子引起的。

So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible.因此，找到一種通用的預(yù)警信號(hào)是不可能的。

12、Challenge assumptions.挑戰(zhàn)假設(shè)

Reserve the assumptions you make about problems.記下你對于每個(gè)問題所做展開的設(shè)想。List the assumptions and write the opposite.將這些設(shè)想與對其立面一一羅列。

Henry Ford challenged the practice of having workers go to where building materials were kept, in order to build cars, by creating a system that brought the materials to the workers instead.亨利·福特挑戰(zhàn)了了汽車制造過程中的常規(guī)做法，創(chuàng)新了一種汽車裝配系統(tǒng)，將所有的零配件的生產(chǎn)分配到每個(gè)工人手中，而不是像過去那樣單純將工人們領(lǐng)進(jìn)堆滿零配件的廠房里。

With this reversal, the assembly line was born.正是因?yàn)槿绱四孓D(zhuǎn)，生產(chǎn)流水線就這樣誕生了。

13、Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct.如今，我們聽到了不少有關(guān)全球化的威脅在不斷增長的說法，還聽到了這樣的警告：豐富多彩的地方生活方式正在遭到破壞，許多方言和傳統(tǒng)正在消亡。

But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing.但是，靜下心來，考慮一下全球化帶來的許多有利之處。

Read on and you are bound to feel comforted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now.繼續(xù)思考下去，你肯定會(huì)覺得有所慰藉，樂于面對全球化的未來——現(xiàn)在看來，這種未來不可避免。

Consider the Internet, that prime example of our shrinking world.想一想因特網(wǎng)這個(gè)使我們這個(gè)世界變小的絕好例子。

Leaving aside the all-to-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits, not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news and comment.撇開人們對色情文學(xué)和政治極端化的普遍擔(dān)憂，就連最目光短淺的人都肯定承認(rèn)：因特網(wǎng)給我們帶來了不可估量的利益，不只是在教育方面——因特網(wǎng)最初就是為教育設(shè)計(jì)的，更重要的是全球范圍內(nèi)信息和觀念的傳播。

It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.對于政治家來說，要想維持他們誤傳的政權(quán)將會(huì)越來越困難，因?yàn)楸粔浩日邔⒉粌H得到支持與安慰，而且能夠更有效地組織自己。

MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world.音樂電視是另一個(gè)全球性的傳播物——因?yàn)樵谌澜鐢?shù)以百萬計(jì)沒有疑心的人中強(qiáng)行推廣流行文化而經(jīng)常受到批評(píng)。

Yet the viewers' judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive;it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up.不過，毫無疑問，觀眾對音樂電視的看法還是肯定的;全世界看過音樂電視的大多數(shù)青少年——正在成長的主要群體——都認(rèn)為音樂電視絕對必要。And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause? 總而言之，幾首歌和幾部錄像能夠造成怎樣的損害? Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so bad for us when all is said and done?

在該說的都說了、該采取的行動(dòng)也采取了時(shí)，像耐克和可口可樂這樣的世界主導(dǎo)品牌就會(huì)對我們有害嗎？

Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time---heroin and cocaine, for example.同許多其他更長時(shí)期內(nèi)在全世界都可得到的產(chǎn)品相比——比如海洛因和可卡因，運(yùn)動(dòng)裝和不含酒精的飲料沒有害處。

In any case, just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale, it doesn't mean you have to buy them---even globalization cannot deprive the individual of his free will.無論如何，正是因?yàn)槟涂诉\(yùn)動(dòng)鞋和可樂易拉罐在待銷，所以并不意味著你非得購買它們不可——即使是全球化也不可能剝奪人們的自由意愿。

Critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements.全球化的批評(píng)者可以停止發(fā)表他們的悲觀言論了。

Life goes on, and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents' generation.生活會(huì)繼續(xù)，生活將給予世界上許多人的樂趣比給予這些人的父輩的樂趣多。

14、A quality education is the ultimate liberator.素質(zhì)教育是最根本的解放。

It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.它可以使人們擺脫貧困，賦予他們能力迅速改善他們的生活，從事社會(huì)中具有創(chuàng)造性的工作。

It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.它還可以使社會(huì)和國家解除負(fù)擔(dān)，使它們迅速跨入富裕與社會(huì)和睦的時(shí)期，而用別的方式是不可能達(dá)到這種效果的。

For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.因此，國際社會(huì)承諾：到二○一五年時(shí)，將讓世界上的所有兒童都上小學(xué)，這就是著名的“教育面向所有人”的承諾。

Can education for all be achieved by 2015? 到二○一五年時(shí)，“教育面向所有人”的目標(biāo)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)嗎? The answer is definitely “yes”, although it is a difficult task.盡管這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，但回答肯定是“能夠”。

If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult.如果我們現(xiàn)在根據(jù)孩子順利讀完最少五年的小學(xué)來評(píng)估該目標(biāo)，而不只是根據(jù)班級(jí)的注冊人數(shù)來評(píng)估該目標(biāo)——過去用于評(píng)估教育的方法，那么，這種挑戰(zhàn)就會(huì)更加艱難。

Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.以前，根據(jù)注冊率，只有三十二個(gè)國家被認(rèn)為面臨實(shí)現(xiàn)不了“教育面向所有人”目標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.如果把畢業(yè)率當(dāng)作評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，那么這個(gè)數(shù)字會(huì)上升為八十八個(gè)。

Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.盡管如此，只要政策合適，國際社會(huì)又給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑?，該目?biāo)還是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems.如果八十八個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的國家使其教育體系的效率和質(zhì)量達(dá)到效率更高的體系所奉行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么，到二○一五年時(shí)，其中的五十九個(gè)國家就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“所有孩子都能夠小學(xué)畢業(yè)”的目標(biāo)。

They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.這些國家也需要國際社會(huì)給予資金和技術(shù)方面的大力援助。

The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.如果沒有空前的發(fā)展速度，二十九個(gè)最落后的國家將不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)該目標(biāo)。

But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.但是，如果有創(chuàng)造性的解決方法，這個(gè)目標(biāo)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)——包括使用信息技術(shù)，國際社會(huì)靈活、目的明確的援助以及更少的生活貧困的人們。

A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management.但是，如果有創(chuàng)造性的解決方法，這個(gè)目標(biāo)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)——包括使用信息技術(shù)，國際社會(huì)靈活、目的明確的援助以及更少的生活貧困的人們。

Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.基于這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在一個(gè)國家表現(xiàn)好的領(lǐng)域，國際社會(huì)的援助就可能非常有效。

15、Speechwriting The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction.演講的成功往往歸功于演講者的技巧，這既是演講者的優(yōu)勢，同時(shí)也足以讓演講者充滿自信、滔滔不絕、旁征博引，且能夠讓其能夠以堅(jiān)定的信念進(jìn)行演說。

But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter.然而，寫出這些感人講稿的卻常常不是這些演講者，而是演講稿撰寫人。And one industry in which this practise is common is that of politics.其中，政治圈便是深諳此道的行家。

So what does it take to be a political speechwriter? 那么，要如何才能成為一名政治演講稿撰寫人呢？

One technique is introducing contrast.其中一個(gè)技巧就是引入對比。This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin on a negative issue.當(dāng)你要通過積極的筆調(diào)來扭轉(zhuǎn)消極事件的時(shí)候，這是極其有效的。

One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.”

其中一個(gè)較有名的例子就是美國前總統(tǒng)約翰·肯尼迪的一次演講：“不要問你的國家能為你做什么而是你能為你的國家做什么?！?/p>

Another technique is the use of three-part lists.另一個(gè)技巧就是三段式的應(yīng)用。

This can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement.這是一種讓你給出結(jié)論和確認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的絕佳方法。

Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique.英國前首相托尼·布萊爾就就特別鐘情于這種方法。

One of his most famous campaign slogans was “education, education, education”.“教育、教育、教育”就是他最有名的競選口號(hào)之一。

These techniques can be used like tools-they can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary.這些技巧就像工具一般，當(dāng)你需要的時(shí)候，你只需從工具箱里選擇一件合適的就行。A few other techniques you might find in a speechwriter's toolbox might be the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration.當(dāng)然還有其他一些技巧，如意象、奇聞軼事、押頭韻等。

So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.那么下次當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備一場演講或其他表演時(shí)，試著用上面提到的技巧，看看你是否能成為一個(gè)成功的演講稿撰寫人。

16、What makes an original contributor in science is often not only ability, but also something else, something apparently intangible, and not easily detected.一個(gè)人在科學(xué)中有獨(dú)創(chuàng)的貢獻(xiàn)，這往往不僅（是他的個(gè)人）能力問題，還有其他的因素，一些無形的、難以察覺的因素。

This extra something lies deeply within the individual and needs to be nurtured and tested.這些因素深埋于每個(gè)人當(dāng)中，需要去培養(yǎng)和磨練。

Motivation is a personal trait that is primarily instilled by seniors such as teachers or parents.動(dòng)機(jī)是因人而異的，它來自于老師、父母等長輩的循循善誘。An important aspect in developing motivation is the setting of goals.培養(yǎng)動(dòng)力的一個(gè)重要方面是確定目標(biāo)。

A person probably has set long-range goals, or at this point more like dreams, such as winning the Nobel Prize.一個(gè)人可能已樹立起長久的奮斗目標(biāo)，這在當(dāng)時(shí)看來還很不現(xiàn)實(shí)，比方說要獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。This is great as long as the individual is realistically working toward short-range goals also.其實(shí)這是很好的，只要他同時(shí)能現(xiàn)實(shí)地向短期的目標(biāo)去努力。

These are the day-to-day accomplishments that really make working hard seem fun.這些就是日常的成就，這些成就確實(shí)能使刻苦工作顯得饒有樂趣。Proficiency in anything requires a great deal of determination and self-discipline.要精通任何事情都需要極大的決心和自律精神。

I addition, a person’s ability to cope with frustration is also an important factor in one’s life career.此外，一個(gè)人應(yīng)付挫折的能力也是他畢生事業(yè)中起作用的一個(gè)重要因素。

Repeated failures at making experiments may be too much for many talented would-be scientists.在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中屢遭失敗，對于許多有“的想要成為科學(xué)家的人來說，可能是非常難受的。The determination to continue, with the realization that everything worthwhile takes a great deal of patience, is an essential requirement.認(rèn)識(shí)到凡是值得去做的一切事情都需要極大的對性并決心繼續(xù)做下去，這是必備的基本條件。

These factors, together with inherent dedication, will bring about the realization of one’s aspirations.這些因素，再加上固有的獻(xiàn)身精神，將會(huì)促使個(gè)人的強(qiáng)烈愿望得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Through all this it is not the triumph but the struggle that brings about the complete personal satisfaction in knowing that you as a scientist have given your all.由于這一切并不是勝利，而是奮斗，你會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種只有你本人才能領(lǐng)略到的完全的滿足，因?yàn)槟阋庾R(shí)到作為一個(gè)科學(xué)工作者你已經(jīng)獻(xiàn)出了你的一切。

17、I would compare reading to visiting friends — in the spiritual rather than physical sense.我覺得讀書好比串門兒——精神上的串門，而非身體力行的串門。

Opening the book is like getting into the door uninvited;and turning a few pages, we may find ourselves in his study.翻開書本就想推開一扇未拜訪的朋友家的大門；略翻幾頁，我們便覺得我們已身臨其境。Besides, we can go visit him as frequently as we want and at any time we wish.而且，只要我們愿意，我們可以無時(shí)無刻經(jīng)常地去拜訪他。

If we fail to get the pith of his argument, we can just leave without saying “good-bye” or turn to someone else for help, and come back to challenge him.如果不得要領(lǐng)，還可以不辭而別，或者另找高明，抑或回頭和他對質(zhì)。

We can get close to the host and listen to every word he has to say, no matter where he resides, at home or abroad, what a person he was or is, a contemporary or a man of the past, whatever field he specializes in, or whether he is talking about a serious subject of importance or simply chatting plus cracking jokes.不論我們要拜見的主人住在國內(nèi)國外，不問他屬于現(xiàn)代古代，不問他什么專業(yè)，不問他講正經(jīng)大道理或聊天說笑，都可以挨近前去聽個(gè)足夠。

We can indulge ourselves in the anecdotes and amazing tales of the past, and appreciate the profound nouveau theories of our own age or hear sensational arguments meant to shock the world.我們沉浸于前朝列代的遺聞逸事之中，也可以領(lǐng)教當(dāng)代最?yuàn)W妙的創(chuàng)新理論或有意驚人的故作高論。

In a nutshell, we can bang the door shut —closing the book that is —the minute we find anything disagreeable or distasteful, and leave forthwith.反正話不投機(jī)或言不入耳，不妨抽身退場，甚至砰一下推上大門——就是說，拍地合上書面。

No one will blame us.誰也不會(huì)嗔怪。

This is the kind of freedom we can hardly expect other than from the books.這是書以外的世界里難得的自由！

18、The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances.這次到臺(tái)灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知。大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。

Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century.大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。

Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts, with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture.雖然祖國大陸、臺(tái)灣的青年生活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記。

They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation.他們都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。

In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness.在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時(shí)代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)。海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。

People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland.海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。

The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground of the historical arena.世紀(jì)之交的寶貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺(tái)。

At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.跨世紀(jì)青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀(jì)，這是我們必須回答的問題。

19、The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial.任何社會(huì)的文化一般都被分為兩類： 物質(zhì)文化和非物質(zhì)文化。

Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight.物質(zhì)文化包括具有高度、寬度和重量等物理屬性的人為現(xiàn)象。

A boat, a machine, a house—all these objects are part of the material culture.船、機(jī)器和房屋――所有這些東西都被歸為物質(zhì)文化的一部分。

The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society.非物質(zhì)文化則是人類所處環(huán)境的一部分，它影響著人類的行為卻缺乏上述的那些物質(zhì)屬性，非物質(zhì)文化是人作為社會(huì)一員所創(chuàng)立和獲得的價(jià)值觀、信仰、傳統(tǒng)觀念及一切其他習(xí)慣和思想。

Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study.當(dāng)代社會(huì)學(xué)理論在選擇說要研究的問題時(shí)，往往側(cè)重于非物質(zhì)文化。

It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible—indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them.比如，社會(huì)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為船、飛機(jī)、汽車等物品的重要性遠(yuǎn)不如人們?yōu)橹圃爝@些東西——確切地說是為規(guī)定其使用方法而形成的傳統(tǒng)觀念的重要性。

The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture.當(dāng)代社會(huì)學(xué)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，如若不是先有了能孕育物質(zhì)文化的非物質(zhì)文化，物質(zhì)文化就無從產(chǎn)生。

20、As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the world’s biggest public-health issue today--the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war.肥胖是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的禍害，目前已經(jīng)成為最嚴(yán)重的公眾健康問題，心臟病主要因肥胖而起，而現(xiàn)如今因心臟病致死的人數(shù)已超過死于艾滋病、瘧疾、戰(zhàn)爭的人數(shù)。

Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic” in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and Fast.自從世界衛(wèi)生組織于 2000 年將肥胖癥定為“流行病”以來，已經(jīng)連篇累牘地發(fā)表了有關(guān)肥胖癥引起可怕后果的報(bào)告。

Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco?

對肥胖癥發(fā)出的公共衛(wèi)生警示，加上傳媒宣傳所形成的壓力，是否會(huì)像最終促使煙民們戒煙那樣，說服人們?nèi)p肥呢? Possibly.In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history.這是有可能的。在富裕國家，健康食品的銷量正在大幅上升，而且新的數(shù)據(jù)表明，在過去的一年美國人的體重有史以來首次略有下降。

But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century’s dining to excess.但是即使美國人是瘦了一點(diǎn)，美國要解決因半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來飲食過度而造成的健康問題，還需要許多年時(shí)間。

And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds.況且，在世界各地，人們的體重仍在增加。

That’s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.這就是為什么現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生們一致認(rèn)為各國政府應(yīng)采取措施來制止人們發(fā)胖。

第四篇：任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型作文(八)經(jīng)典注定孤獨(dú)

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型作文范文

題

八、閱讀下面的材料，根據(jù)要求寫一篇不少于800字的文章。（60分）

經(jīng)典，是指經(jīng)過歷史選擇出來的“最有價(jià)值的書”，它們理應(yīng)是經(jīng)久不衰的萬世之作。但前不久，某大學(xué)出版社搞了一個(gè)出版物“死活讀不下去排行榜”，結(jié)果令人瞠目結(jié)舌：《紅樓夢》高居榜首；榜單前10位中，中國古典四大名著盡數(shù)在列；《百年孤獨(dú)》《瓦爾登湖》等外國名著也赫然其中。而同時(shí)，通俗文學(xué)作品以及通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)閱讀小說（文學(xué)）的方式則大受歡迎。是經(jīng)典文學(xué)的影響力落后于通俗文學(xué)了，還是舊的閱讀方式過時(shí)了？抑或是???

對此，引發(fā)了社會(huì)一片熱議。

對于以上事情，你怎么看？請你據(jù)此作文，體現(xiàn)你的思考、表明你的態(tài)度，闡述你的看法。

要求綜合材料內(nèi)容及含意，選好角度，確定立意，標(biāo)題自擬，完成寫作任務(wù)。

范文： 經(jīng)典注定孤獨(dú)

日前，某大學(xué)出版社列出一個(gè)“死活讀不下去排行榜”，《紅樓夢》高居榜首，眾多中外名著赫然在目；而通俗文學(xué)則大受歡迎。

其實(shí)，這沒什么好奇怪的；在當(dāng)今喧囂的文化場域中，經(jīng)典注定是一場孤獨(dú)的旅行?？赡苡腥藭?huì)說，經(jīng)典難道不是傳世名作嗎嗎？怎么會(huì)注定孤獨(dú)呢?誠然，經(jīng)典理應(yīng)是經(jīng)久不衰的萬世之作；然而，經(jīng)典的深邃性、穿透性與引領(lǐng)性注定曲高和寡。

從閱讀內(nèi)容上，與通俗文學(xué)的茶余飯后作比較，經(jīng)典不容易引起人們的關(guān)注；從信息傳遞上，與通俗文學(xué)的嘩眾取寵作比較，經(jīng)典不具備吊人胃口的噱頭；從心靈洗禮來看，與通俗文學(xué)的碎片化填充作比較，深層次上雖然具有絕對優(yōu)勢，但若優(yōu)勢藏于庭院深深，那絕對優(yōu)勢也就成了絕對劣勢。

經(jīng)典之所以成為經(jīng)典，不在于它的隨波逐流而在于它的超前性；經(jīng)典的偉大，不僅在于它說出了我們內(nèi)心深藏的隱秘，還在于說出了我們內(nèi)心里難以抹去的、無法掩飾的真正恐懼——現(xiàn)代性對人類精神生活和靈性寄托的毀滅性打擊。而這些，潛藏于庭院深處而不為人知，就好比寶藏深藏于海底而游客只看到平靜的水面一般。

當(dāng)游客在南昌郊外的青云譜看到朱耷遺留下來的不朽的作品時(shí)，有幾人能從那枯枝、殘葉、怪石、丑鳥等令人喪氣的破殘筆墨中去領(lǐng)悟那那倔強(qiáng)與頑強(qiáng)的生命？當(dāng)黛玉之死一步一步呈現(xiàn)在讀者眼前時(shí)，又有幾人能從“黛玉之死”看到曹雪芹設(shè)計(jì)這一情節(jié)“上接屈原、下引王國維，昭示著一個(gè)難以窮盡的亂世的開啟”？

而通俗文學(xué)則不然，它以時(shí)效性博人眼球，以趣味性吸引關(guān)注，以庸俗性迎合讀者，以碎片化搶占空隙。不是讀者不想向上向善，而是讀者實(shí)在難以沉潛下心來仔細(xì)品讀。如果經(jīng)典的深邃與引領(lǐng)性能讓讀者在較輕松愉悅的環(huán)境中接受，那經(jīng)典必然會(huì)重新贏得廣大讀者的青睞。如何讓經(jīng)典的精髓為大眾接受，或許，我們能從《易中天品三國》《王立群讀史記》《于丹論語心得》等著作中找到答案。當(dāng)一批又一批的讀者如潮水般涌向書店購買上列書目時(shí)，經(jīng)典已然走進(jìn)了讀者的心中。

經(jīng)典本不過時(shí)，但若沒有合適的走近讀者的方式，死活讀不下去的排行榜經(jīng)典名列前茅的狀況恐怕依然會(huì)繼續(xù)。期冀有那么一天，經(jīng)典不再孤獨(dú)！

第五篇：2009上海中考英語試題

2009年上海市初中畢業(yè)統(tǒng)一學(xué)業(yè)考試英語試卷（滿分150分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘）Part2VocabularyandGrammar(第二部分詞匯和語法)V.Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?(共26分)()31.CanIhave____lookatthephotoofyourp

2009年上海市初中畢業(yè)統(tǒng)一學(xué)業(yè)考試

英語試卷

（滿分150分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘）

Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分詞匯和語法)

V.Choose the best answer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?(共26分)

()31.Can I have ____ look at the photo of your pen friend?

A.a B.an C./ D.the

()32.The teacher often takes his students to visit the Science Museum ____ Saturdays.A.in B.by C.at D.on

()33.The foreign visitors asked ____ lots of questions about Chinese culture during the tour.A.I B.my C.me D.mine

()34.____ of these two hats looks good on my daughter.Do you have another one?

A.Both B.All C.Neither D.None

()35.The little boy saved his classmates in the earthquake.____ brave he was!

A.What B.How C.What a D.What an

()36.The American student could speak only ____ Chinese, but he managed to communicate with us.A.few B.little C.a few D.a little

()37.Thanks to the new inventions, our lives are much ____ than before.A.convenient B.more convenient C.most convenient D.the most convenient

()38.The home-made ice-cream in this restaurant tastes ____.Would you like some?

A.softly B.greatly C.nice D.well

()39.When summer ____, some children will go to the seaside for fun.A.comes B.came C.will come D.would come

()40.I ____ you already that washing hands often will help prevent the A-H1N1 Flue.A.tell B.told C.have told D.am telling

()41.He was still working on his project while other people ____ a rest.A.were having B.are having C.will have D.have

()42.Many houses ____ in the big fire a few days ago.What a shame!

A.were damaged B.damage C.were damaging D.damaged

()43.To everyone’s surprise, Alex ____ play chess very well when he was only four.A.might B.should C.would D.could

()44.The woman feels that she should let her son ____ his own decision this time.A.makes B.make C.to make D.making

()45.Susan finally became a poplar singer after she practiced ____ for years.A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang

()46.____ John failed to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn’t give up.A.Although B.Because C.Whether D.Unless

()47.Keep an English diary, ____ your English will improve.A.or B.since C.when D.and

()48.Could you please tell us ____ in Shanghai?

A.when will you visit the World Expo B.when you will visit the World Expo

C.when the World Expo will you visit D.when the World Expo you will visit

()49.The room is very dark.I can’t ____ anything clearly without a light.A.watch B.look C.see D.notice

()50.It’s ____ to read the map before you travel to a new place.A.helpful B.harmful C.powerful D..awful

()51.Once a year, people take part in “____ Lights” activity to help save energy.A.Show off B.Turn off C.Take off D.Put off

()52.Our headmaster invited Christine to ____ the English Festival last term.A.be late for B.be angry with C.be familiar with D.be responsible for

()53.Many sports players became well-known after they joined in the Beijing Olympic Games.The underlined part means ____.A.rich B.strong C.lucky D.famous

()54.Be careful!There’s some broken glass on the ground.The underlined part means “____”.A.Look out B.Go ahead C.Get ready D.Keep quiet

()55.— How about raising some money for the charity?

— ____

A.Enjoy yourself.B.Good idea.C.You’re welcome.D.Never mind.()56.— You’ve done a great job, Grace.— ____

A.I’m afraid not.B.Thanks a lot.C.I agree with you.D.It’s hard to say.VI.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(用括號(hào)中所給的單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一次)(共8分)

57.Many historical __________ will be shown on National Day.(movie)

58.With the help of Yellow Pages, we found the address of the theatre __________.(easy)

59.Eric, the __________ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three)

60.It’s __________ for him to be so active today as he is always a man of few words.(usual)

61.Who is the __________ of the book War and Peace?(write)

62.The short play was very __________.I laughed from beginning to end.(fun)

63.It’s raining heavily.I’d __________ you call a taxi home now.(suggestion)

64.I think the girl is old enough to tie up her shoes by __________.(her)

VII.Rewrite the following sentences as required(根據(jù)所給要求，改寫下列句子。每空格限填一詞)(共12分)

65.They work on the farm with their parents every weekend.(改為一般疑問句)

___________ they __________ on the farm with their parents every weekend?

66.Let’s take a picture in front of the fountain.(改為反意疑問句)

Let’s take a picture in front of the fountain, __________ __________?

67.The Shanghai International Arts Festival is held once a year.(對劃線部分提問)

__________ __________ is the Shanghai International Arts Festival held?

68.He was very nervous.He couldn’t go on with the job interview.(合并為一句)

He was __________ nervous ___________ go on with the job interview.69.I have no idea how I can operate the new machine.(改為簡單句)

I have no idea __________ __________ operate the new machine.70.I’m going to make an early start in order not to miss the train.(保持句意基本不變)

I’m going to make an early start ___________ ___________ I won’t miss the train.Part 3 Reading and Writing(第三部分 讀寫)

VIII.Reading comprehension(閱讀理解)(共6分)

A.True or False(判斷下列句子是否符合短文內(nèi)容，符合的用 “T” 表示。不符合的用 “F”表示):(7分)

Daily News

A 14-year-old boy from the USA was descried as a hero yesterday after he saved the life of a woman in another country.Dean Bluey from Dallas, Texas, was a school boy who was interested in computer.One day, he was sending an e-mail to a friend on the Internet.Suddenly he received a message saying “Help!Help!Help!” The message was from Finland,(芬蘭)thousands of kilometers way from the USA.“I didn’t know what I should do, “ Dean said to a reporter afterwards.“It was really difficult to tell if the message was real.” So Dean did nothing at first.But the message kept coming.“By then it was easy to see that someone was in trouble,” Dean explained.He replied and discovered that the sender was a 20-year-old student called Tarja, who was alone in a university library.She was very ill.What was worse, there was no phone around her.Her only way of communicating with the world was by e-mail.Dean got in touch with the Texas police.The police immediately realized that the situation was quite serious.They found it necessary to telephone the police in Finland.Then an ambulance rushed to the university, and soon doctors found Tarja.Luckily, she was still alive and was quickly sent to the hospital.“I’m glad she’s OK,” Dean said.“It’s hard to believe, but e-mail saved her life.”

()71.Dean Bluey was a 14-old-year boy from Dallas, Texas, the USA.()72.When he was sending an e-mail, Dean heard someone calling outside.()73.Dean didn’t know whether the message was real when he first got it.()74.Tarja was a university student in the USA, thousands of kilometers away from Dean.()75.At that time in the library, Tarja was able to ask for help in many ways.()76.Dean made a phone call to the police in Finland and told them about Tarja’s trouble.()77.From the story we know that the Internet played an important part in saving Tarja’s life.B.Choose the best answer(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?:(7分)

Have you ever had an embarrassing(尷尬)experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experiences.We received thousands of letters!Here is a selection.Tony:

My most embarrassing experience happened when I had just left university.I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secondary school.One morning my alarm clock didn’t ring.I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine.I quickly washed, dressed, jumped into my car and rushed to school.When I arrived, the students had already gone into class.I didn’t go to the office, but went straight into class.After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn’t understand why!Suddenly I looked down and understood.I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!

Henry:

The most embarrassing experience I’ve ever had, happened two years ago.After seeing a film, my wife and I had lunch in our favorite restaurant in town.Then we decided to take a walk along the street.The street was very busy and we started looking at some watches in the new window.After a minute or two I reached for my wife’s hand.There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face.I hadn’t taken my wife’s hand.I’d taken the hand of a complete stranger!

James:

My wife and I had decided to buy a new house, and I’d made an appointment to see our bank manager.I’d never met him before and I was a bit nervous.I went into town in my car and I was lucky enough to find a parking space outside the bank.I’d just started reversing(倒車)into the space when another car made its way into it.I was irritated!I opened my window and shouted at the man in the car.He ignored me and walked away.It took me twenty minutes to find another space.As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank.I was ten minutes late for my appointment.I went to the manager’s office, knocked and walked in.The manager was sitting behind his desk.He was the man who had taken my parking space!

()78.Tony arrived at school late that morning because ____.A.he couldn’t find his shoes B.his alarm clock didn’t ring

C.he washed and dressed slowly D.his car went wrong on the way

()79.The students began laughing when they saw Tony ____.A.wearing a wrong shoe B.carrying an alarm clock

C.looking down suddenly D.rushing into the classroom

()80.Henry and his wife held hands ___.A.at the cinema B.in the shop C.at the restaurant D.along the street

()81.Henry was embarrassed because he ____.A.slapped the woman in the face B.took the hand of a complete stranger

C.heard his wife screaming in the street D.knocked over some watches in the shop

()82.James went into town to ____.A.put money in the bank B.look for a job C.meet the bank manager D.buy a new car

()83.The underlined word “irritated” probably means “____”.A.angry B.nervous C.worried D.embarrassed

()84.The best picture for each story is ____.A.B.Tony Henry James Tony Henry James

C.D.Tony Henry James Tony Henry James

C.Choose the words or expression_r_r_r_r_rs and complete the passage(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語完成短文):(14分)

Sometimes you may not understand your parents.One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear.So who makes them so __85__? You, probably!

When you take your clothes off, remember to __86__.Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen.Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes.But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more __87__ things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food.You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives.They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were.You have no choice but to listen.Even if you __88__, your parents won’t change their minds.Parents like to show off their family.The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives.Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’ll probably allow you to go to the next two __89__.You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view.If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year.Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry.__90__, your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals.Finally, offer to __91__ after the meal.Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased.()85.A.friendly B.lonely C.changeable D.comfortable

()86.A.hang them up B.leave them alone C.put them on D.throw them away

()87.A.interesting B.difficult C.important D.surprising

()88.A.agree B.complain C.listen D.win

()89.A.concerts B.meetings C.classes D.parties

()90.A.In addition B.In return C.At most D.At last

()91.A.do the cooking B.lay the table C.buy some snacks D.wash the dishes

D.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給):(14分)

E.Answer the questions(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問題):(14分)

Kyra Komac, 28 years old, now has 25 furniture stores all over the country.The new store, in London’s Camden High Street, takes her back to where it all started.She tells us about how the business began.When I was little, my mother began selling flowers in Camden Market.She couldn’t leave me at home on my own, so I had to go to the market with her.To begin with, I didn’t have to do anything.I just sat there, and my mum told me jokes and stories so I didn’t get bored.When I got older, I gave my mum a hand and I really enjoyed it.Then, one year, my grandma gave me a book for Christmas.It was all about making candles and I loved it.I was 14, and I didn’t have to go to the market any more because mum could leave me at home on my own.I spent my free time making candles of all shapes and sizes.I made hundreds of them.One day, my mother was ill so I had to go to the market on my own.I decided to take some candles with me and see if I could sell them.They were sold out in twenty minutes!The next week, my mum gave some money to buy some wax(蠟)to make more candles.They sold out really quickly, too.Nine months later, we decided to stop selling flowers.My mum and I couldn’t make enough candles during the week, so some of my school friends started to help us.I paid them one pound for every candle, and we used to sell them for three or four times that.It was fun and my friends worked with me in the market.At the age of 22, my uncle lent me some money and I opened my first shop in Portobello Road.Since then, I’ve never looked back, even in difficulties.In the first store, we only sold candles, but now we sell everything from designer furniture to paintings.Oh, and candles, of course.99.How many furniture stores does Kyra Komac have now?

______________________________________________________________

100.Where did Kyra’s mother sell flowers?

______________________________________________________________

101.What did Kyra do in her free time when she was fourteen?

______________________________________________________________

102.Did the candles sell well on the first day in the market?

______________________________________________________________

103.Who helped Kyra and her mum when they couldn’t make enough candles during the week?

______________________________________________________________

104.How did Kyra’s uncle help her to open her first shop?

He helped her ___________________________________________________

105.What do you think of this story?

I think _________________________________________________________

IX.Writing(作文)(共18分):

106.Write at least 60 words about the topic “I want to do something for my school”.(以“我想為學(xué)校做件事”為題寫一篇不少于60個(gè)詞的短文，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格。)

(注意：短文中不得出現(xiàn)任何人名、小明及其他相關(guān)信息，否則不予評(píng)分。)

Use the following points as a reference.(以下內(nèi)容僅供參考)

l What do you want to do for your school?

l Why do you want to do it?

l How are you going to do it?

Keys to the above:

31.A 32.D 33.C 34.C 35.B 36.D 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.C 41.A 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.C

46.A 47.D 48.B 49.C 50.A 51.B 52.D 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.B 57.movies 58.easily 59.third 60.unusual 61.writer 62.funny 63.suggest 64.herself 65.Do, work 66.shall we 67.How often 68.too, to 69.how to 70.so that 71.T 72.F 73.T 74.F 75.F 76.F 77.T 78.B 79.A 80.D 81.B 82.C 83.A 84.C 85.C 86.A 87.C 88.B 89.D 90.A 91.D 92.nobody 93.different 94.again 95.instead 96.less 97.drive 98.reduce 99.(She has)twenty-five / 25(furniture)stores.100.(She sold flowers)In Camden Market / a market / the market.101.She made candles(of all shapes and sizes)/ spent her free time making candles.102.Yes(, they did).103.Some of Kyra’s school friends(did)/(helped Kyra and her mum).104.by lending her some money.105.it is encouraging / inspiring / interesting / a success story…(Any reasonable answers are acceptable.)