第一篇：非謂語動(dòng)詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案.

古邳中學(xué)2019屆高三英語 非謂語動(dòng)詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案（7）

教學(xué)目標(biāo)；非謂語動(dòng)詞

教學(xué)方法：講練結(jié)合，幻動(dòng)片展示 課時(shí)安排：7課時(shí) 教學(xué)過程：

第一課時(shí)：非謂語作狀語 第二課時(shí)：非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語 第三課時(shí);非謂語作定語 第四課時(shí)：不定式 第五課時(shí)：動(dòng)名詞 第六課時(shí)：分詞 第七課時(shí)：非謂語總結(jié) 【自主學(xué)習(xí)】 【交流 展示】 【知識點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)】

動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞．

(一)不定式

不定式由“ to十動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化．不定式可作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語．不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“ for十名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成．

1．不定式的用法：

l)作主語．不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用 it作形式主語．例如：

To see is to believe．

It is right to give up smoking．

2)作賓語．不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語。往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用 it作形式賓語．例如：

He wanted to go．

I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語．例如：

He asked me to do the work with him.注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶 to．但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶 to．例如

I often hear him sing the song．

He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞 but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞 do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶 to，否則要帶 to．如：

She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 4)作定語．例如：

I have some books for you to read． 注①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞．例如：

He is looking for a room to live in．

There is nothing to worry about．

Please give me a knife to cut with．

但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去．例如：

He had no money and no place to live.注②當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同．試比較：

A)Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不走式 to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是 you)B)Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式 to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的 me或 someone else)5)作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件．例如：

I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(結(jié)果)To look at him, you would like him．(條件)目的狀語還可以用 in order to或 so as to來表示．如：

In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．

We ran all the way so as not to be late．

不定式也可在作表語用的形容詞后面作狀語．例如：

I am very glad to hear it．

The question is difficult to answer．

“ too十形容詞或副詞十不定式”作狀語．例如：

He is too old to do that．

另外句子中有 enough這個(gè)詞時(shí)，常用不定式作狀語．例如：

The room is big enough to hold us．

6)作表語．例如：

My job is to help the patient．

7)作獨(dú)立成分．例如：

To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you.8)不定式與疑問詞 who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等．例如：

He didn’t know what to say.(賓語)How to solve the problem is very important．(主語)My question is when to start.(表語)

注意：在與 why連用時(shí)，只用于 why或 why not開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to.例如: Why not have a rest?

9)不定式在句中用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式。多數(shù)情況下是容易判別的，但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜，請注意以-下幾點(diǎn)：

A)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式.Have you got a key to unlock the door?(A key unlocks the door．)B)不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式．

I have got a letter to write．(I write letter．)He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)I know what to do．(I do what．)但這句如改為下列形式，不定式就得用被動(dòng)形式： I know what is to be done.這是因?yàn)?what is to be done是賓語從句，從句中的主語 what是動(dòng)詞 do的動(dòng)作對象

C)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后者去了 for one或 for people．例如：

He is hard to talk to．(to talk to him．)The book is difficult to understand.(to understand the book.)但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的受事者時(shí)，亦可用不定式被動(dòng)式，例如：

The handwriting is very difficult to be read.The box is too heavy to be lifted．

D)在 there十 be的結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式．

There is a lot of work to do.(Somebody has to do the work．)There is a lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done.)請注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的：

There is nothing to do.意為無事可做，感到十分乏味．

There is nothing to be done．意為某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常．

2．不定式的時(shí)態(tài) l)不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生．例如：

I saw him go out．

2)如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式．例如：

I am very glad to be working with you．

3)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式．例如: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.3．不定式的語態(tài)

當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。例如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside． It is possible for our hopes to be realized．

(二)動(dòng)名詞

1．動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞十 ing構(gòu)成;具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì);在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語．

1)作主語．例如: Seeing is believing.Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.It is no use arguing with him.注意：動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動(dòng)名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作．例如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具體動(dòng)作)但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless等后必需用動(dòng)名詞。

2)作表語．例如：

Her job is teaching.3)作賓語．例如：

He is fond of playing football．

I like swimming.注① admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel.like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(無法忍受)等動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式．

注② forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等動(dòng)詞可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。

I remember doing the exercise.(我記得做過練習(xí)．)I must remember to do it.(我必須記著做這事．)I tried not to go there．(我沒法不去那里．)I tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次．)Stop speaking.(不要講話。)He stopped to talk.(他停下來講話．)I mean to come early today.(我打算今早些來．)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour．

(誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)．)注③在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，然后再跟動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，其賓語補(bǔ)足語用帶 to的不定式．例如：

We don’t allow smoking here.We don' t allow students to smoke.注④動(dòng)詞 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟動(dòng)詞作它的賓語時(shí)，必須用動(dòng)名詞，或不定式的被動(dòng)式．這時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義．例如：

The window needs(requires，wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)

注⑤在短語 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept)busy，be worth，have difficulty／ trouble／ problem(in)，have a good／ wonderful／ hard time(in)，there’s no use／good／ need，feel／ look／seem／ like／get down to等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式．例如：

I look forward to hearing from you soon.注⑥在 love，hate，prefer等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。

但說話人有所指的時(shí)候，通常用不定式。

注⑦start，begin，continue在書面語中多后接動(dòng)名詞，在口語中多后接不定式。

注⑧在 should(would)like／ love等后須用不定式。

4)作定語．例如：

He has a reading room.2．動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成．在句子開頭必須用名詞所有格或物主代詞．例如: His coming made me very happy．

Mary’s crying annoyed him.She didn’t mind his crying．

Is there any hope fo Xiao Wang’s winning．

3．動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)．

l)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)

動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種，如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作沒有明確地表示出時(shí)間是與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)作以前發(fā)生，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式．例如: We are interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to us．

如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如: I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.但是在某些動(dòng)詞或詞組后，常用動(dòng)名詞的一般形式，盡管其動(dòng)作是在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的．例如：主語是這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作的對象時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)．被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“ being十過去分詞”或“ having been十過去分詞”構(gòu)成。后一種一般避免使用．例如：

He likes being helped.He was afraid of being left at home.注：在 to be worth doing句型中，動(dòng)名詞 doing表示的是被動(dòng)意義．例如：

The book is worth reading．

(三)現(xiàn)在分詞

1．分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

l)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式．一般式表示和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的行為；完成式(having十過去分詞)表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作．例如：

Being a student，he was interested in books．

Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well．

2)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，且有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，分詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作，就用分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式．例如：

The question being discussed is important：

Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking．

過去分詞表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，本身有被動(dòng)的含義，所以只有一般式?jīng)]有完成式．

2.分詞的用法

l)作定語

分詞短語做定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個(gè)分詞做定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之前．例如: The man standing by the window is our teacher.The excited people rushed into the building．

注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，它表示的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，而要用定語從句。例如：

The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window．

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的差異：

現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作定語時(shí)，不僅存在前置與后置的區(qū)別，而且存在狀態(tài)、時(shí)間與形式上的差異。為了幫助大家分清這些差異，更好地掌握現(xiàn)在分詞的用法，現(xiàn)在分別論述如下。

一、狀態(tài)差異

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語明顯存在狀態(tài)差異。一般來講，前置的現(xiàn)在分詞靜感強(qiáng)。而后置現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)感強(qiáng)。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意體會(huì)這一點(diǎn)。

例1：The labouring people are the wisest.例2：The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes．

能前置的現(xiàn)在分詞為數(shù)不太多，常見的大都是已被形容詞化了的現(xiàn)在分詞。這一點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在有些現(xiàn)在分詞前常有程度副詞，有些現(xiàn)在分詞甚至還有比較等級。

例3: I have brought very exciting news to you．

例4：This is the most exciting story that I have ever read．

二、時(shí)間差異

時(shí)間差異指現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間差異。有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)表示正在的動(dòng)作。這些現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

例5：Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise? 例6：The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)則表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時(shí))的狀態(tài)。此類現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用一般時(shí)態(tài)，而不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若譯成漢語也應(yīng)注意體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。

例7：They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.例8：The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.三、形式差異

從形式來看，前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為單個(gè)分詞，而后置現(xiàn)在分詞多為短語。換句話說，若用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個(gè)分詞要前置，分詞短語要后置。但也不能絕對如此，要視情況而定。要是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)感，即使是單個(gè)分詞也應(yīng)后置。

例9：Look!The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary．

從內(nèi)容來講，前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有自己的賓語或狀語。后置現(xiàn)在分詞可帶賓語或狀語。有時(shí)前置現(xiàn)在分詞也可有自己的賓語或狀語，不過要置于分詞前，且中間要有連詞符號。當(dāng)然，帶比較級時(shí)除外。

例10：Barking dogs seldom bite．

例 11：The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.例 12：England and America are English-speaking countries．

值得說明的是，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動(dòng)式一般都不能用作前置定語，只能作后置定語，使用時(shí)應(yīng)慎重。

例 13：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here．

2)作狀語

分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。例如：

Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time．(時(shí)間)The teacher stood there surrounded by the students．(方式)

注：①分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致． 注：②表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞 while或 when引出．

注：③有時(shí)“with(without)十名詞(或代詞賓格)十分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示伴隨狀況．例如：

He lay half dead，with all his ribs broken．

注：④當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)：分詞必須有自己的主語．例如: Time permitting, I will finish another lesson．

3)作表語．例如：

The news is inspiring.The glass is broken．

4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語．例如： We saw the teacher making the experiement.注意：在 see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等動(dòng)詞后，既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，但兩者的含義是有差別的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，(即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，(即動(dòng)作全過程結(jié)束了)。例如：

I saw the girl getting on the tractor．

I saw the gril get on the tractor and drive off．

He had his clothes washed.(他叫別人洗了衣服)We had the fire burning all day．

(我們使火燃燒了一整天)。

注意：“ have十賓語十現(xiàn)在分詞”表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；“ have十賓語十過去分詞”表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志無關(guān)．

（四）過去 分詞

動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2.過去分詞的語法作用：

過去分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。

1)過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。

2)過去分詞做定語：

單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：

The excited people rushed into the building.激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。

We need more qualified teachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。

過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：

Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活動(dòng)嗎？

The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外國專家提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。

過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.這次會(huì)議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個(gè)學(xué)生出席了。

3)過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。

①表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。如：

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.從山頂上看，這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園。

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入黨以后，他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。

②表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：

Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激動(dòng)的人們被那個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了，停止了爭吵。

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。

③表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：

Given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。

Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。

If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加熱，會(huì)變成水蒸氣。

④表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

⑤表方式或伴隨情況。如：

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個(gè)老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。

Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。

4)過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語：

過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，用作賓語補(bǔ)語。如：

When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時(shí)候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒？

When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.當(dāng)你在作報(bào)告時(shí)，你應(yīng)該講響一點(diǎn)使自己被人聽清。

當(dāng)這類句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，過去分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語。如：

One of the glasses was found broken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。

They should be kept informed of the situation there.應(yīng)該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。

二、特別提醒

1.過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：

When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩被問到為何來這里時(shí)，他沉默不語。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。

如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2.動(dòng)詞have后所接的三種賓語補(bǔ)語：

have somebody/something do something 不定式作補(bǔ)語必須省去to, 不定式動(dòng)作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動(dòng)作。如：

I had the workers do the job for me.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。

Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。

have somebody /something doing something-ing分詞作補(bǔ)語，分詞動(dòng)作也由賓語發(fā)出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)或正在進(jìn)行。如：

They had the tractor working all the time.他們讓拖拉機(jī)一直工作著。

We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.我們不能讓那個(gè)孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。

have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，賓語和補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通常有兩種情況：

①主語讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志。如：

He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。

Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后來，這個(gè)中心讓人種了很多樹。

②主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動(dòng)行為。如：

He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。

He had one eye lost in the war.在戰(zhàn)爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。

3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式作定語的三種形式：

the bridge to be built 將要建造的橋（表示將來的動(dòng)作）

the bridge being built 正在建造的橋（表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）

the bridge built 造好的橋（表示完成的動(dòng)作）

4.過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：

過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：

Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.聽到那個(gè)消息，我們感到很驚訝

The news is very surprising.這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到這么動(dòng)人的情景，所有在場的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。

英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused;encouraging, encouraged;disappointing, disappointed;exciting, excited;puzzling, puzzled;satisfying, satisfied;worrying, worried;tiring, tired;pleasing, pleased;interesting, interested;astonishing, astonished等。

5.過去分詞和–ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：

過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語：

boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水

developed countries發(fā)展的國家 developing countries發(fā)展中國家

fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子

changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況

由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作?！举|(zhì)疑拓展】

1.____from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A.To see B.Seen C.Seeing D.See 2.All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.be considered B.considering C.having considered D.considered 3.______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A.Saw;frightened B.Seen;frightened C.To see;frightening D.Seeing;frightened 4.Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.When taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 5.The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.begun C.beginning D.having begun 6._____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A.being founded B.Founded C.It was founded D.Founding 7.If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly___A.supposed B.supposing C.to suppose D.suppose 8._____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 9.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____in my study.A.locking B.to lock C.locked D.being locked 10._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at aA.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing 11.Mrs.Bush stood ____for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A.surprised B.surprising C.being surprised D.to be surprised 12.____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A.Leaving B.Left C.To be left D.Having left 13._____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A.Being determined B.On having determined C.Determined D.To be determined 14.______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A.Being settled B.Having settled C.Settled D.Settling 15.If law-breaker ____, the society will be in disorder.A.made unpunished B.came unpunished C.not punished D.went unpunished 16.He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.A, being broken B.break C.to be break D.broken 17._____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look B.Looking at C.Looked at D.To be looked at

18._____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded

scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A.To be judged the best B.Judged the best C.Having judged the best D.Judging the best 19.A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.A.mixed B.mixing C.to mix D.having mixed 20.Most of the photographers _____ to the conference were from north Europe.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.having invited 21.The assistant worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.A.to have prepared B.preparing C.prepared D.having prepared 22.“Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 23.The missing singer was last seen _____ the voice close to the bridge.A.exercising B.to be exercising C.exercise D.to exercise 24.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see___the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 25.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he

had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 26.The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 27.A cook will be fired immediately if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked

【檢測反饋】

1.I’m going to have my car ________.A.to be fixed B.to fix C.fixed D.to fix 2.What’s the language ______ in Germany? A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed B.Followed by C.Being followed D.having been followed by 4.He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.A.to break B.broken C.break D.breaking

5.Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting

6.________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

7.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied

8.The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened

9.________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose

10.The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first played 11.Don’t get _________ in the rain.A.to be caught B.catching C.to catch D.caught 12.I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.A.to be stuck B.stuck C.sticking D.stick

13.---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ?---Last week.A.to paint B.painted C.painting D.to be painted 14.The children were found _________ in the cave.A.trapping B.trapped C.to be trapped D.be trapped

15.They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.A.dying, lying B.dead, lied C.death, laying D.died, lain

16.On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.A.freezing, freezing B.freezing, frozen C.frozen, frozen D.frozen, freezing 17.No one enjoys ______ fun of in public.A.making B.being made C.to be made D.to make

18.Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____.A.speaking B.spoken C.to be spoken D.speak

19.____from space, the earth, with water __ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A.Seen, covered B.Seen, covering C.Seeing, covering D.Seeing, covered 20.An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excitedly 【教學(xué)反思】

第二篇：非謂語動(dòng)詞

初中英語分類練習(xí)

——非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)

謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：

1)謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語，而非謂語動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。

Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）

2)謂語動(dòng)詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非謂語動(dòng)詞的特征：如果非謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語）

To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動(dòng)詞仍有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式）非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)

非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化：

不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般to writeto be written

進(jìn)行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成進(jìn)行to have been writing

現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

過去分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般written

動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式：

動(dòng)詞不定式是由 to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。

2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語：

某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，這些動(dòng)詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。

We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.請叫他快過來。

4.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。

5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問題。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。

6.不定式作狀語：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗(yàn)，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。

帶疑問詞的不定式：

疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時(shí)間開始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車站嗎？

帶邏輯主語的不定式：

動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。

注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。

動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式： 表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●動(dòng) 名 詞

動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。

1)動(dòng)名詞作主語：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動(dòng)名詞可以象動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動(dòng)名詞寫在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動(dòng)名詞作表語

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動(dòng)名詞作賓語

有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）動(dòng)名詞作定語

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)名詞

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。

動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式 ：

（當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式來表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動(dòng)名詞的幾種特殊情況：

1)有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。

能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞，一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表示過去的動(dòng)作，后面跟不定式時(shí)，不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動(dòng)名詞”表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。

Stop smoking, please.請不要抽煙。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。

4)動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：

動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時(shí)，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

reading text 閱讀課文 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國家 〔分詞〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕

●分 詞

分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing 或 動(dòng)詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。workingworkedwashingwashed

分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣，在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。

1.分詞作定語

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。

分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動(dòng)名詞）

2.分詞作狀語

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。

分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。

分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作同謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進(jìn)來，學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。

分詞的被動(dòng)形式 分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的娛樂大樓明年完工。

第三篇：非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異

體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第四篇：非謂語動(dòng)詞(教案)

非謂語動(dòng)詞（教案）

在英語中，不是用作句子的謂語，而是用于擔(dān)任其他語法功能的的動(dòng)詞，稱之為非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。一．非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞之區(qū)別：

1．相同之處：

1）可以有賓語： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被狀語修飾：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“體”式和語態(tài)的變化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的邏輯主語： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之處：

1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作表語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主語（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主語）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表語

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作賓語

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作賓語補(bǔ)語（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官動(dòng)詞以及l(fā)et, make,have等動(dòng)詞后面，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定語

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作狀語

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的邏輯主語：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．連接詞+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的語態(tài)

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．動(dòng)名詞：

1．作主語

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表語

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作賓語

（下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些動(dòng)詞后面可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但動(dòng)名詞表示的意義是在一般情況下的行為，而不定式則表示某個(gè)具體的、一次性的行為。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介詞賓語

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）Go on doing sth（繼續(xù)做某事）Try to do sth（盡力做某事）Try doing sth（嘗試做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（過去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（習(xí)慣做某事）

6．動(dòng)名詞的體式和語態(tài)

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分詞

分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示的意義是主動(dòng)的、進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表示的意義是被動(dòng)的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表語：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定語：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分詞說明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；不定式說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作狀語：

1)作時(shí)間或原因狀語：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴隨狀語：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.

第五篇：非謂語動(dòng)詞教案

非

謂

語

動(dòng)

詞 之 現(xiàn)在分詞

教

案

劉黎清

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1.掌握分詞作定語、表語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語（時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果和伴隨等狀語的用法）。2.掌握動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語的用法。

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)

動(dòng)詞除了在句子中充當(dāng)謂語外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語和狀語等，稱作非謂語動(dòng)詞，包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞。

教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

1、掌握分詞、動(dòng)名詞在句子中的作用

2、分詞作定語和狀語的異同

3、注意非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系，以確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式

教學(xué)要點(diǎn)

非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下： 1.動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語；

2.只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語； 3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語；

教學(xué)步驟

I謂語動(dòng)詞目前學(xué)過的有哪些？

1.V/V.S(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作）

2.V.ed

(一般過去時(shí)，過去的動(dòng)作）

3.am/is/are + V.ing(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表正在進(jìn)行）4.was/were + V.ing(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去正在進(jìn)行）

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般將來時(shí)，將來要做的動(dòng)作）

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(過去將來時(shí)，過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)開始的將來）7.have/has + V.過分（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)做了什么）8.had + V.過分（過去完成時(shí)，到過去某個(gè)點(diǎn)為止已經(jīng)做了什么）

II非謂語動(dòng)詞有幾個(gè)？是什么？ 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.過分

III 本課重點(diǎn)V.ing形式 1.做主語

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水難收）

2.做賓語（只能做某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語）她昨天讀完了那本小說。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列動(dòng)詞后多用動(dòng)名詞做賓語

admit(承認(rèn)）

avoid(避免）consider（思考，認(rèn)為）mind

miss

escape(避開）practice

prevent resist(抵抗）

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(著手）keep on

excuse(原諒）feel like(想要）

object to(反對）

3.做表語

Her job is teaching math.4.做定語

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做賓補(bǔ)

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做賓補(bǔ)，常放在see, hear, notice, watch，keep，find，feel, look at，listen to, observe(觀看）, sense（感覺）, get（讓，使）, have（讓，使)等詞之后

6.做狀語

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(時(shí)間）

V.ing 做狀語時(shí)，常表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨，結(jié)果，目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.這樣做可以省很多時(shí)間和金錢。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.（主語）2.看到孩子，她禁不住哭了起來。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.（狀語，表時(shí)間）3.我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.（表語）4.他練習(xí)寫字作為家庭作業(yè)。He practiced writing for homework.（賓語）5.你介意做一個(gè)關(guān)于學(xué)校生活的報(bào)告嗎？

Would you mind giving a report about school life?（賓語）6.拒絕邀請并不總是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.（主語）7.我吃完早飯后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.（狀語，表前后時(shí)間）8.老師給我們上了一堂寫作課。

The teacher gave us a writing class.（定語）9.正在讀小說的男孩聽到噪音后放下了書。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.（狀語和定語）10.如果從山上看，這個(gè)公園很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.（狀語，表?xiàng)l件）

V Homework

VI V.ing 做主語，賓語，定語，狀語，賓補(bǔ)，表語各寫5個(gè)句子。