第一篇：2014全國(guó)高考之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

2013-2014 全國(guó)高考匯編之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

2013

1____ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.A.To foundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Having founded

2.Volunteering gives you a chance ____ lives, including your own.A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change

3.____ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A.FindB.FindingC.To findD.Found

4.When we saw the road____ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.A.blockB.to blockC.blockingD.blocked

5.___ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A.KnownB.Having knownC.KnowingD.Being known

6.32.Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A.to be testedB.being testedC.testedD.to test

7.The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.A.bathedB.bathingC.to have bathedD.have bathed

8.You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.A.offeringB.to offerC.having offeredD.offered

9._____ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A.StayingB.StayedC.To stayD.Stay

10.Lionel Messithe _____record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the mosttalented football player in Europe.A.setB.settingC.to setD.having set

11.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____to ruins, the city took on a new look.A.reducingB.reducedC.being reducedD.having reduced

12.If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A.askedB.to askC.askingD.having asked

13.I got to the office earlier that day, ______the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caughtB.to have caughtC.to catchD.having caught

14.The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.A.standing B.to standC.standsD.stood

15.I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.A.takeB.takingC.to takeD.taken

16.________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.A.Having eatenB.To eatC.EatD.Eating

17.The witnesses____by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.A.questionedB.being questionedC.to be questionedD.having questioned

18._______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A.Not knowingB.Knowing notC.Not knownD.Known not

19.The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A.being completedB.to be completed C.completedD.having been completed

20.In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____in daily conversations.A.usingB.to useC.having usedD.used

21.They might just have a place ___on the writing course一why don't you give it a try?

A.leave B.leftC.leavingD.to leave

22.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked_____ by the police.A.not to

doB.not toC.not doD.do not

23.The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edged shadows___ on the ground.A.throwingB.being thrownC.to throwD.to be thrown

24_______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A.HearingB.HearC.Having heardD.To be hearing

25.A good listener takes part in the conversation, _______ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk f

lowing.A realizingB copyingC offeringD misunderstanding

26.There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A not treatedB not being treatedC not to be treatedD not have been treated

27.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,____me stories till Ifell asleep.A.having toldB.tellingC.toldD.to tell

28.The engine just won't start.Something seems____ wrong with it.A.to goB.to have goneC.goingD.having gone

2014

一（2014安徽卷）32．While waiting for the opportunity to get, Henry did his best to perform his duty.A.promoteB.promotedC.promotingD.to promote

二（2014北京卷）25.Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.A.watchB.to watchC.watchedD.watching

三（2014北京卷）28.There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved

四（2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..A.recognizingB.being recognized C.having recognizedD.having been recognized

五（2014大綱卷）23.Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.A.carryB.carryingC.carriedD.to be carrying

六（2014福建卷）27.mature than those of her age.A.SpendingB.SpentC.Having spentD.To spend

七（2014福建卷）30.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.A.connectedB.connectingC.to connectD.to be connected

八（2014湖南卷）23.____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A.UnderstandingB.To be understoodC.Being understoodD.Having understood

九（2014湖南卷）27.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the

grassland, _____at the night sky.A.to stare B.staringC.staredD, having stared

十（2014湖南卷）35.ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought

and inner quietness.A.Having freedB.FreedC.To free D.Freeing

十一（2014江蘇卷）29.His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being givenB.having given C.to be given D.having been given

十二（2014江蘇卷）35.—!Somebody has left the lab door open.A.Dear meB.Hi,there

—Don't look at me.C.Thank goodnessD.Come on

十三（2014江西卷）31.___nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.A.Having spentB.To spentC.SpentD.To have spent

十四（2014江西卷）34.He is thought ___foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A.to actB.to have actedC.actingD.having acted

十五（2014山東卷）6.There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again.A.sayingB.saysC.saidD.having said

十六（2014山東卷）9.It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.A.employedB.being employedC.to employD.employs

十七（2014陜西卷）12.It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like _________ for a swim?

A.to goB.goingC goD.having gone

十八（2014陜西卷）20.________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell

several times.A.Working outB.Worked outC.To work outD.Work out

十九（2014四川卷）5.The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.A.having developedB.to developC.developedD.develop

二十（2014四川卷）7.— I hope to take the computer course.A.To find outB.Finding out — Good idea.____ more about it, visit this website.C.To be finding outD.Having found out

二十一（2014天津卷）5.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit.A.to findB.foundC.findingD.having found

二十二（2014天津卷）7.Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.A.writingB.to writeC.writtenD.being written

二十三（2014浙江卷）14.Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a

nurse _______ to guard her.A.to appointB.appointingC.appointed

D.having appointed

二十四（2014重慶卷）5.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.A.turningB.returnedC.to turnD.to be returned

二十五（2014重慶卷）11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.A.helping B.having helpedC.helped D.to help

第二篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 之 動(dòng)詞不定式

動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種：

(1)動(dòng)詞不定式：to study(to + 動(dòng)詞原形)

(2)分詞：studying(現(xiàn)在分詞)、studied(過(guò)去分詞)

(3)動(dòng)名詞：studying(形式與現(xiàn)在分詞相同)

一、動(dòng)詞不定式

(一)作主語(yǔ)。在不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而不把不定式短語(yǔ)放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不應(yīng)該了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我們不接受邀請(qǐng)不合適

但是，下列形容詞做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聰明的，cruel殘忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘氣的，nice好的，polite禮貌的，right正確的，rude無(wú)禮的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong錯(cuò)誤的，等等。

因?yàn)檫@些形容詞都是描寫(xiě)人的性格和特點(diǎn)的形容詞。“It is + 形容詞 +of sb + to do sth”這樣的句型更強(qiáng)調(diào)某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”這一結(jié)構(gòu)更強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事如何如何

(二)作賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

1、有些及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt試圖，beg乞求，begin開(kāi)始，choose選擇，claim聲稱(chēng)，consent同意，dare敢，decide決定，decline謝絕，desire欲想，demand要求，determine決心，expect期待，fail失敗，forget忘記，hate討厭，help幫助，hope希望，intend打算，learn學(xué)習(xí)，like喜歡，long渴望，manage設(shè)法，mean打算，need需要，offer主動(dòng)提出，plan計(jì)劃，prefer更喜歡，prepare準(zhǔn)備，pretend假裝，promise答應(yīng)，refuse拒絕，remember記得，seek尋求，seem好像，tend傾向，threaten威脅，undertake承擔(dān)，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where還有whether等詞連用作賓語(yǔ)。常跟這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask詢(xún)問(wèn)，advise建議，consider考慮，decide決定，discover發(fā)現(xiàn)，discuss討論，explain解釋?zhuān)琭ind out查明，forget忘記，inquire打聽(tīng)，know知道，learn學(xué)會(huì)，remember記得，show演示，tell告訴，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些動(dòng)詞需要不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這種動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：ask請(qǐng)求，advise勸告，allow允許，beg乞求，believe相信，call on號(hào)召，cause促使，compel強(qiáng)迫，command指揮，direct指導(dǎo)，enable使…能夠，encourage鼓勵(lì)，expect期望，feel覺(jué)得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜歡，have使，hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，help幫助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀請(qǐng),instruct指示，know知道，lead引導(dǎo)，let讓?zhuān)琹ike喜歡，listen to 聽(tīng)，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe觀察，order命令，permit允許，persuade說(shuō)服，prefer更喜歡，press施加壓力，remind提醒，request請(qǐng)求，teach教，tell告訴，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些動(dòng)詞要求省掉to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：feel覺(jué)得，have使，hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，help幫助，let讓?zhuān)琹isten to 聽(tīng)，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看見(jiàn)，observe 觀察，watch觀看 等，一類(lèi)是感官動(dòng)詞，一類(lèi)是使役動(dòng)詞。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看見(jiàn)事故發(fā)生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to與保留to都可以。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，上述動(dòng)詞后面的不定式要把省去的to還原。

I heard the dog come in.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那條狗進(jìn)來(lái)。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那條狗進(jìn)來(lái)。

I saw her go out by bike.我看見(jiàn)她騎著自行車(chē)出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看見(jiàn)她騎著自行車(chē)出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(寧愿)，would sooner(寧愿)，would(just)as soon(寧愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成語(yǔ)后面也跟不帶to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同義，都是“寧可”，“與其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。當(dāng)它們放在句首時(shí)，其后跟不帶to的不定式;在其它位置時(shí)其后的不定式可帶也可不帶to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他決定寫(xiě)信，不打電話。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.經(jīng)理相信重要的是投資買(mǎi)新機(jī)器，而不是增加工資。

4、有些動(dòng)詞要求省掉to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

在Why 起首的疑問(wèn)句中跟不帶to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 為什么不跟我們一起來(lái)呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?

5、不定式作賓語(yǔ)而后面還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it來(lái)代替不定式短語(yǔ)，而把真正作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：consider認(rèn)為，feel覺(jué)得，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，make使，think認(rèn)為，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建議，這三個(gè)詞不能跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快樂(lè)。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建議你要把他當(dāng)回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建議你不要把他當(dāng)回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我們要求他們給個(gè)確切的答

(三)作定語(yǔ)。不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的詞之后，有些名詞的后面常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：ability能力，agreement一致，協(xié)議，ambition抱負(fù)、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt試圖，campaign戰(zhàn)役，chance機(jī)會(huì)，claim聲稱(chēng)，courage勇氣，decision決定，determination決心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失敗，hope希望，intention目的意圖，motive force動(dòng)力，movement運(yùn)動(dòng)、協(xié)議，need需要，opportunity機(jī)會(huì)，plan計(jì)劃，promise諾言，readiness樂(lè)意，refusal拒絕，reluctance勉強(qiáng)不愿，resolution決心，tendency傾向，right權(quán)力，struggle斗爭(zhēng)，threat威脅，time時(shí)候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

與這些詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞或動(dòng)詞常接動(dòng)詞不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

There is not any one to save him.沒(méi)有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那種撒謊的人。

(四)作表語(yǔ)。放在系動(dòng)詞之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.賭博就是自殺，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批評(píng)別人就是樹(shù)敵。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短語(yǔ)和疑問(wèn)詞連用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,還包括

whether)

(1)做主語(yǔ)。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找誰(shuí)幫忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表語(yǔ)。例如：

The question is which to take first.問(wèn)題是先拿哪一個(gè)。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解釋的是怎樣實(shí)施計(jì)劃以及尋求誰(shuí)的幫助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作賓語(yǔ)，常用這一結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我發(fā)現(xiàn)了在哪里買(mǎi)這些東西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些雙賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞，也可用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)做直接賓語(yǔ)。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎樣使用遙控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定語(yǔ)。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作狀語(yǔ)。不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，有時(shí)用in order to(為了)或so as to(以便)加動(dòng)詞原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)放在句首或句尾，作獨(dú)立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老實(shí)(和你)說(shuō)，這不令人滿(mǎn)意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.說(shuō)句公道話，她是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..實(shí)話告訴你，你錯(cuò)了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短語(yǔ)可以和表示情緒的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞連用，有時(shí)說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，有時(shí)不是說(shuō)明原因，而是和形容詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況。

常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到驚異的，angry生氣的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到驚訝的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聰明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel殘忍的，deep深的，delighted 高興的，difficult有困難的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有決心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合適的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸運(yùn)的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高興的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艱苦的，lucky 幸運(yùn)的，overjoyed 高興的，pleased高興的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 準(zhǔn)備好的，relieved 感到輕松的，right正確的，sad悲傷的，shocked感到驚訝的，sorry難過(guò)的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到驚訝的，unable沒(méi)能力的，useless沒(méi)用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 錯(cuò)誤的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.聽(tīng)到這些話他會(huì)生氣的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我當(dāng)你們老師，你們很幸運(yùn)。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)只限于下面幾個(gè)詞：learn得知，find 發(fā)現(xiàn)，see 看見(jiàn)，hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式還可以與“be said, be reported,…”等連用構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可變成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(見(jiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞不定式一般有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式，即一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)：表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生或在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我們這邊我們很高興。

I saw him go out.(2)進(jìn)行式(to be+現(xiàn)在分詞)：表示主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+過(guò)去分詞)：表示在主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高興在這兒見(jiàn)到了你父母。

動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式和下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它們的過(guò)去時(shí)。另外還有should/would like/love。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“本打算/想/計(jì)劃…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式有兩種：

一般式：to be+過(guò)去分詞

完成式：to have been+過(guò)去分詞

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸運(yùn)已經(jīng)被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.這些罪犯是將被絞死的。

(九)為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省略，但to有時(shí)保留，有時(shí)不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你會(huì)成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 說(shuō)要離開(kāi)上海，但是我不認(rèn)為他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的結(jié)構(gòu)，還有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to應(yīng)該

plan to 計(jì)劃 want to要想

(十)兩個(gè)不定式由and, or, except, but, than 連接時(shí)，第二個(gè)可省略to，尤其是兩個(gè)不定式緊密相連時(shí)。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式帶不帶to，取決于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有與do/did有關(guān)的詞(do作謂語(yǔ)，to do作定語(yǔ)等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了獨(dú)自一個(gè)到那里去，我別無(wú)選擇。

1.用動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(問(wèn)問(wèn)題).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(會(huì)見(jiàn)格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green

4)It is difficult ______(照顧這么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(獨(dú)自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡著了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那個(gè)話劇).→to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(別著涼).→not to catch cold

10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越來(lái)越不喜歡他).→to dislike him more and more

11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不動(dòng)).→for you to carry

12)You have to work hard ____(考試及格).→to pass the examination

13)Tom intends ____(找個(gè)新工作).→to look for a new job

14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat

15)I hate _____(這么早離開(kāi)),but I am afraid ____(我不得不這么早離開(kāi)).→to leave so early;I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再戰(zhàn)斗下去).→ To fight anymore

17)He decided _____(成為物理學(xué)家).→to become a physicist

18)The woman came out ____(看看在發(fā)生什么事).→to see what was happening

19)I mean _____(完成這個(gè)任務(wù)), one way or another.→to accomplish the task

20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her

21)He seems _____(過(guò)去是個(gè)獵手).→to have been a hunter

22)I happened _____(看過(guò)這本書(shū)).→to have read the book

23)I happened ____(正挨著他站著)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him

24)The enemy is believed ____(已被擊敗).→to have been defeated

25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(當(dāng)堂做完).→to be finished in class

26)He appears _____(是你的朋友)but I doubt if he is.→to be your friend

第三篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

初中英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)練習(xí)

——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：

1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。

Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語(yǔ)。（teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語(yǔ)）

2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征：如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語(yǔ)）

To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help 后跟賓語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語(yǔ)）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來(lái)使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化：

不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般to writeto be written

進(jìn)行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成進(jìn)行to have been writing

現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般written

動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式：

動(dòng)詞不定式是由 to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它任何成分。

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在原主語(yǔ)的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。

2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：

某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>

Please ask him to come here quickly.請(qǐng)叫他快過(guò)來(lái)。

4.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ) ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。

5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。

6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗(yàn)，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.沒(méi)告訴我們真是不公平。

帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式：

疑問(wèn)詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，使含義更加具體。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買(mǎi)到電池嗎？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車(chē)站嗎？

帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式：

動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語(yǔ) + 不定式。

注意：邏輯主語(yǔ)用賓格形式，for 本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語(yǔ)從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語(yǔ)。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。

動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式： 表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●動(dòng) 名 詞

動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動(dòng)名詞可以象動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動(dòng)名詞寫(xiě)在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)

有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來(lái)作賓語(yǔ),它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)名詞

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。

動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式 ：

（當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動(dòng)名詞的幾種特殊情況：

1)有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。

能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞，一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，后面跟不定式時(shí)，不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動(dòng)名詞”表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來(lái)做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。

Stop smoking, please.請(qǐng)不要抽煙。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來(lái)休息一下吧。

4)動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：

動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

reading text 閱讀課文 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 〔分詞〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 boiled water 開(kāi)水 〔分詞〕

●分 詞

分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing 或 動(dòng)詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)。workingworkedwashingwashed

分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣，在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing。而過(guò)去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

1.分詞作定語(yǔ)

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語(yǔ)的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒(méi)什么有趣的事。

分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動(dòng)名詞）

2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語(yǔ)

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用過(guò)去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行車(chē)修理了。（別人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。

分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來(lái)等著。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒(méi)完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。

分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進(jìn)來(lái)，學(xué)生們停下來(lái)不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。

分詞的被動(dòng)形式 分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的娛樂(lè)大樓明年完工。

第四篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異

體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第五篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(教案)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（教案）

在英語(yǔ)中，不是用作句子的謂語(yǔ)，而是用于擔(dān)任其他語(yǔ)法功能的的動(dòng)詞，稱(chēng)之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。一．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之區(qū)別：

1．相同之處：

1）可以有賓語(yǔ)： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被狀語(yǔ)修飾：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“體”式和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之處：

1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語(yǔ)。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語(yǔ)。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主語(yǔ)（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主語(yǔ)）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表語(yǔ)

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作賓語(yǔ)

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官動(dòng)詞以及l(fā)et, make,have等動(dòng)詞后面，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定語(yǔ)

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作狀語(yǔ)

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．連接詞+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．動(dòng)名詞：

1．作主語(yǔ)

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表語(yǔ)

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作賓語(yǔ)

（下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些動(dòng)詞后面可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但動(dòng)名詞表示的意義是在一般情況下的行為，而不定式則表示某個(gè)具體的、一次性的行為。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介詞賓語(yǔ)

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過(guò)某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過(guò)某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）Go on doing sth（繼續(xù)做某事）Try to do sth（盡力做某事）Try doing sth（嘗試做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（過(guò)去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（習(xí)慣做某事）

6．動(dòng)名詞的體式和語(yǔ)態(tài)

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分詞

分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示的意義是主動(dòng)的、進(jìn)行的；過(guò)去分詞表示的意義是被動(dòng)的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表語(yǔ)：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定語(yǔ)：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分詞說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；不定式說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作狀語(yǔ)：

1)作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.