第一篇：非謂語動詞教案

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高考英語翻譯題型的方法與技巧

一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句子主干部分。1.掌握各種從句

1.狀語從句有時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句等，它的位置比較自由，可以在句首或是句末。以下是考題中的一些難點(diǎn)，也往往是學(xué)生最容易犯錯的地方。

例1保護(hù)環(huán)境是每個公民的職責(zé)。(it?)(2002年上海春季)全句譯為：It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.這里it作形式主語，真正的主語是to protect our environment。It作形式主語或形式賓語在翻譯中是個難點(diǎn)。再如：正是你的幫助使得我們有可能在旅游的季節(jié)住到一個中國人的家里。It was your help that made it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season.這里用it作形式賓語即make it possible的句型。而整個句子又是為“It is/was?that?”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式?？吹街形谋硎觥罢??”，往往可能用到強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

2.定語從句是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。在中文中一般位于名詞或代詞前；而在英語中，緊隨名詞代詞之后。我們可以根據(jù)中文進(jìn)行判斷：限制性定語從句，中文中有“的”結(jié)構(gòu)；而非限制性定語從句，則有“這指的是、這意味著”等總結(jié)上文的詞出現(xiàn)。

例2 這張照片讓我們想起了在夏令營里度過的日子。(remind)（2000年上海高考）全句譯為: The picture reminds me of the days that were spent in the summer camp.該句中“在夏令營里度過的日子”是一句定語從句。days在定語從句中是充當(dāng)主語的，不是狀語，用that 或which，而不能用 when來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

不管翻譯何種定語從句時都要注意：1）定語從句緊跟在先行詞后；2）先行詞不能重復(fù)在從句中出現(xiàn)；3）選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞和副詞。

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3.名詞性從句一般由that, whether, if以及疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的。以疑問代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句往往是考題中的難點(diǎn)。

例3我覺得便宜的物品未必質(zhì)量一定不好。(necessarily)全句譯為: I don’t think cheap articles are necessarily bad in quality.該句的中文似乎有些拗口，是個雙重否定。若完全按照字面上翻譯就成了I think cheap articles are not necessarily bad。但是，根據(jù)英語的習(xí)慣，該句賓語從句應(yīng)否定在主句。所以，句子必須由I don’t think引導(dǎo)。

2.非謂語

1.動詞作主語應(yīng)該用動名詞或不定式 2.伴隨狀語doing及having done的用法 3.It is saidreportedknown that...此外，在翻譯從句時要注意：

1）時態(tài)語態(tài)主從一致； 2）從句中要用陳述句語序。3)there be句型 4)中文語序與英文倒裝

二、掌握課文短語，熟記短語搭配

在對短語的考核中，動詞短語的地位是不言而喻的。高考的短語，十有八九考的是動詞短語。

例1 充分利用時間并不意味著從早到晚不停地看書。(keep)（1999年上海高考）全句譯為：Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping(on)reading books from morning till night.。

該題考核點(diǎn)為兩個動詞短語：make full use of（充分利用）和keep(on)doing（不斷做某事）。如果考生掌握了這兩個短語的話，寫出翻譯句子便是水到渠成了。

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例2 過去我很害羞，但今年我下定決心要變得活躍，還要交一些朋友來分享我的快樂和悲傷。(determine)全句譯為: I used to be shy, but this year I’m determined to become active and make some friends to share my happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows.該題考核點(diǎn)為四個動詞短語：used to do（過去常常做某事）, be determined to do（下定決心做某事）, make friends（交朋友）和happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows（快樂和悲傷）。

三、理解成語意義，直譯不如巧譯

從成語的實(shí)際意義入手，用意譯的方法，用英語把中文成語的意思表達(dá)出來。如“胸有成竹”不能直譯成“heart has bamboos”, 它是“很有自信”的意思，因此可以用“confident”來翻譯?！叭詢烧Z”也不能翻成“three sentences and two words”, 它表示“用很少的言語”的意思，可以翻譯成“in a few words”。下面通過具體實(shí)例，進(jìn)一步體會以下意譯的妙處。

例1 請盡早作出決定，不然你會坐失良機(jī)。(or)（2003年上海高考）全句譯為：Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity.該句中“坐失良機(jī)”就是“失去好機(jī)會”的意思，千萬不能翻譯成“sit to lose the chance”, 這樣的直譯會讓不少人感到莫名其妙。

例2 眾所周知，成功來自勤奮，不努力則一事無成。(without)（2000年上海高考）全句譯為：As we all know, success comes from hard work;without efforts nothing can be done.該句中要注意的是“一事無成”不能按照字面直譯成“a thing can’t be done”。

例3這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。（so?that?）（2003年上海高考）全句譯為: The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can’t stand parting with it.該句中的“引人入勝”和“愛不釋手”在英文里完全找不到對等的詞。首先要理解這兩個詞組的意義，“引人入勝”的意義實(shí)際上是“非常地吸引人”，要

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用到“attractive”這個詞。“愛不釋手”的意思為“非常喜歡，以至于不舍得把它放到一邊?！?/p>

由于英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言，在結(jié)構(gòu)上有很大的差異，真正意義上的對等詞少而又少，所以做漢譯英時，往往要擺脫原句結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛，用符合英語習(xí)慣的句式來表達(dá)漢語的意思，不能字字對譯。

四、增加課外閱讀，積累俗語、諺語

1．如果成語、諺語和俗語的組成結(jié)構(gòu)中英文相差不大，可以用直譯的方法，但其中的用詞要符合英語的習(xí)慣。

例1 許多外國游客都想要去長城一游，他們知道不到長城非好漢。(visit)（2002年上海春季）全句譯為：Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall.They know that he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.在翻譯這個俗語時，如果把“好人”翻譯成“a good man”是不正確的。沒有去過長城的人并不意味著不是“好人”。也不能翻譯成“a real man”,這樣就變成了沒有去過長城的就不是“人”了。這里的“好漢”指的是頂天立地的男子漢，因此翻譯成“a true man”最為妥當(dāng)。

2．如果成語、諺語和俗語的組成結(jié)構(gòu)中英文相差很大，可以用意譯的方法。例2 他們應(yīng)該從這件事情中吸取教訓(xùn)：玩火者必自焚。(burn)（2001上海高考）全句譯為：They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.這句句子中的玩火者不能翻譯成“fire player”, 把該句在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，在口語化一些，就可以通過意譯較好的把它的意思表達(dá)出來了。

因此要在這一類俗語翻譯中取得高分，則一定要靠平時多積累。另外，同學(xué)們?nèi)f一在考試中碰到?jīng)]有見過的俗語和諺語，不必緊張，可采用意譯的方法，即在充分理解有關(guān)詞語所表達(dá)的寓意的基礎(chǔ)上，將詞語的意思轉(zhuǎn)譯成英語。

第二篇：非謂語動詞(教案)

非謂語動詞（教案）

在英語中，不是用作句子的謂語，而是用于擔(dān)任其他語法功能的的動詞，稱之為非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種：不定式、動名詞和分詞。一．非謂語動詞與謂語動詞之區(qū)別：

1．相同之處：

1）可以有賓語： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被狀語修飾：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“體”式和語態(tài)的變化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的邏輯主語： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之處：

1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作表語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主語（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主語）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表語

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作賓語

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作賓語補(bǔ)語（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官動詞以及l(fā)et, make,have等動詞后面，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定語

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作狀語

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的邏輯主語：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．連接詞+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的時態(tài)

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的語態(tài)

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．動名詞：

1．作主語

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表語

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作賓語

（下列動詞只能接動名詞avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些動詞后面可接動名詞，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但動名詞表示的意義是在一般情況下的行為，而不定式則表示某個具體的、一次性的行為。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介詞賓語

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．動名詞的邏輯主語

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.動名詞和不定式作賓語，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）Go on doing sth（繼續(xù)做某事）Try to do sth（盡力做某事）Try doing sth（嘗試做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（過去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（習(xí)慣做某事）

6．動名詞的體式和語態(tài)

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分詞

分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示的意義是主動的、進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表示的意義是被動的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表語：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定語：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分詞說明動作正在發(fā)生；不定式說明動作發(fā)生的全過程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作狀語：

1)作時間或原因狀語：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴隨狀語：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.

第三篇：非謂語動詞教案

非

謂

語

動

詞 之 現(xiàn)在分詞

教

案

劉黎清

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1.掌握分詞作定語、表語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語（時間、原因、方式、結(jié)果和伴隨等狀語的用法）。2.掌握動名詞作主語、賓語的用法。

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)

動詞除了在句子中充當(dāng)謂語外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)動詞的非謂語形式，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語和狀語等，稱作非謂語動詞，包括動詞不定式、分詞和動名詞。

教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

1、掌握分詞、動名詞在句子中的作用

2、分詞作定語和狀語的異同

3、注意非謂語動詞與句子謂語動詞的時間關(guān)系，以確定非謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式

教學(xué)要點(diǎn)

非謂語動詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下： 1.動名詞作主語、賓語；

2.只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語； 3.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語；

教學(xué)步驟

I謂語動詞目前學(xué)過的有哪些？

1.V/V.S(一般現(xiàn)在時，經(jīng)常性動作）

2.V.ed

(一般過去時，過去的動作）

3.am/is/are + V.ing(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表正在進(jìn)行）4.was/were + V.ing(過去進(jìn)行時，過去正在進(jìn)行）

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般將來時，將來要做的動作）

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(過去將來時，過去某個時間點(diǎn)開始的將來）7.have/has + V.過分（現(xiàn)在完成時，到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)做了什么）8.had + V.過分（過去完成時，到過去某個點(diǎn)為止已經(jīng)做了什么）

II非謂語動詞有幾個？是什么？ 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.過分

III 本課重點(diǎn)V.ing形式 1.做主語

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水難收）

2.做賓語（只能做某些及物動詞的賓語）她昨天讀完了那本小說。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列動詞后多用動名詞做賓語

admit(承認(rèn)）

avoid(避免）consider（思考，認(rèn)為）mind

miss

escape(避開）practice

prevent resist(抵抗）

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(著手）keep on

excuse(原諒）feel like(想要）

object to(反對）

3.做表語

Her job is teaching math.4.做定語

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做賓補(bǔ)

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做賓補(bǔ)，常放在see, hear, notice, watch，keep，find，feel, look at，listen to, observe(觀看）, sense（感覺）, get（讓，使）, have（讓，使)等詞之后

6.做狀語

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(時間）

V.ing 做狀語時，常表示時間，原因，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨，結(jié)果，目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.這樣做可以省很多時間和金錢。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.（主語）2.看到孩子，她禁不住哭了起來。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.（狀語，表時間）3.我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.（表語）4.他練習(xí)寫字作為家庭作業(yè)。He practiced writing for homework.（賓語）5.你介意做一個關(guān)于學(xué)校生活的報告嗎？

Would you mind giving a report about school life?（賓語）6.拒絕邀請并不總是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.（主語）7.我吃完早飯后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.（狀語，表前后時間）8.老師給我們上了一堂寫作課。

The teacher gave us a writing class.（定語）9.正在讀小說的男孩聽到噪音后放下了書。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.（狀語和定語）10.如果從山上看，這個公園很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.（狀語，表?xiàng)l件）

V Homework

VI V.ing 做主語，賓語，定語，狀語，賓補(bǔ)，表語各寫5個句子。

第四篇：非謂語動詞教案

（非謂語動詞）

Period 1 Infinitive(不定式)

Objectives

1.To revise Infinitive to get a better knowledge.2.To practice Infinitive to grasp more.(非謂語動詞——不定式、分詞和動名詞——在高中學(xué)習(xí)中是一個很重要的部分。在每年的高考中，無論是全國卷還是省市卷都是必考部分，因此，對此部分的學(xué)習(xí)與掌握都是必要的?？紤]到其重要性以及內(nèi)容較多，決定分部分進(jìn)行全面復(fù)習(xí)，從基本概念入手，再從形式、功能、重難點(diǎn)等方面進(jìn)行講解，最后進(jìn)行操練鞏固，以達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的最佳效果。)Resources used Grammar Summary;The multimedia I.Revision and lead-in（復(fù)習(xí)與導(dǎo)入）

Show Ss how important this part is.以2011年全國各省市高考卷中出現(xiàn)的非謂語導(dǎo)入。

II.Presentation（呈現(xiàn)）(on screen)歸納總結(jié)1 非謂語動詞在句中所作的成分： 歸納總結(jié)2 不定式的時態(tài)：

不定式的語態(tài)（被動）：

歸納總結(jié)3 注意點(diǎn)： III.Practice（操練）高考鏈接

1．（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

2.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost 3.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 4.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

5．（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried

6．（2011重慶卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed

8.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep IV.Language in Use.（操練鞏固—運(yùn)用—提升）1．主語： 1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語真的很重要。

2.放棄吸煙是對的。

2.賓語： 1.因?yàn)镕red 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。

2.他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。

3.表語： 1.我的工作是教英語。

2.眼見為實(shí)。

4.定語： 1.你有什么要說的嗎?

2.Betty是第一個知道這真相的人 5.狀語：1.He spoke loudly(so as / in order)to be heard.（——————狀語）

2.They jumped with joy to hear the news.（———————狀語）3.I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.（———————狀語）

6.賓補(bǔ)： 1.她叫我呆在這兒。

2.請允許我介紹Mr.White給你們。

7.——————————: To be honest, I know nothing about it.to be honest, to tell(you)the truth說實(shí)話, to be frank坦白地說, to be exact確切地說, to begin with首先, to make a long story short長話短說, to be sure當(dāng)然、肯定, to sum up總之 etc.V.Another practice（如果時間允許）(If time permits)VII.Homework（作業(yè)）

導(dǎo)與練P92-94

2011年高考真題英語單項(xiàng)選擇—非謂語分類匯編（全部）

注：全國卷I、全國卷II、北京、上海、山東、湖北、江西、江蘇、安徽、浙江、福建、四川、遼寧、天津、陜西、重慶、湖南（17省市卷，廣東卷沒有單項(xiàng)選擇）

1.(2011全國卷I)27.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen

2.（2011全國卷II）15.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined

3.（2011全國卷II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A.says B: said C.to say D.saying

4.（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

5.（2011北京卷）33.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept

6.(2011上海卷)27.It’s no use ____________ without taking action.A.complain B.complaining C.being complained D.to be complained 7.(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A.saved B.saving C.to be saved D.having saved

8.(2011上海卷)33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realize B.realized C.realizing D.being realized

9.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost

10.（2011山東卷）27.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead

11.（2011江西卷）32.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.says B.said C.saying D.to say

12.（2011江蘇卷）31.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared

13.（2011安徽卷）30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 14.（2011浙江卷）14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost

15.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 16.（2011福建卷）23.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded

17.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

18.（2011四川卷）2.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study

19.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep

20.（2011四川卷）16._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer

21.（2011遼寧卷）30.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering

22.（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 23.（2011天津卷）12.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 24.（2011陜西卷）14.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked

25.（2011陜西卷）20.More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.making B.made C.to make D.having made

26.（2011重慶卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised

27.（2011重慶卷）33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.renmind

28.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed 29.(2011湖南卷)23.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected

30.(2011湖南卷)29.Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt

第五篇：非謂語動詞

初中英語分類練習(xí)

——非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)

謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別：

1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。

Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動詞作謂語）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）

2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（動詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非謂語動詞的特征：如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語）

To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動詞仍有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動形式）非謂語動詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)

非謂語動詞的形式變化：

不定式主動被動

一般to writeto be written

進(jìn)行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成進(jìn)行to have been writing

現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動被動

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

過去分詞主動被動

一般written

動名詞主動被動

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●動 詞 不 定 式：

動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。

1.動詞不定式作主語：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。

2.動詞不定式作賓語：

某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語，這些動詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。

We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.請叫他快過來。

4.動詞不定式作表語 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。

5.動詞不定式作定語：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個問題。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。

6.不定式作狀語：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗(yàn)，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。

動詞不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 動詞原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。

帶疑問詞的不定式：

疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時間開始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車站嗎？

帶邏輯主語的不定式：

動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。

注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。

動詞不定式的被動形式： 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●動 名 詞

動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。

1)動名詞作主語：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動名詞作表語

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動名詞作賓語

有些動詞須用動名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）動名詞作定語

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。

動名詞的被動形式 ：

（當(dāng)動名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系時，用動名詞的被動形式來表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動名詞的幾種特殊情況：

1)有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語，有些動詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。

能跟動名詞的動詞有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的動詞有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動名詞”表示停止動名詞所表示的動作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動作。

Stop smoking, please.請不要抽煙。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。

4)動名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：

動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國家 〔分詞〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕

●分 詞

分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。workingworkedwashingwashed

分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞后面加 ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。

1.分詞作定語

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。

分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）

2.分詞作狀語

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。

分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。

分詞的時態(tài) 分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進(jìn)來，學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。

分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關(guān)系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的娛樂大樓明年完工。