第一篇：高中英語詞法專題非謂語動詞總結(jié)精品教案

高中英語詞法專題非謂語動詞總結(jié)精品

教案

非謂語動詞總結(jié)

一．接動詞不定式（todo/dosth）

.liketodosth

2.likesbtodosth

3.Let’sdosth

4.wanttodosth

5.wantsbtodosth

6.lovetodosth

7.asksbtodosth

8.stoptodosth

9.tellsbtodosth

0.watchsbdosth

1.It’stimetodosth

2.helpsbdosth

3.helpdosth

4.makesbdosth

5.decidetodosth

6.findit+adj+todosth

7.havetodosth

8.trytodosth

9.tryone’sbesttodosth

20.It’s+adj+of+sb+todosth

21.plantodosth

22.S.p.+beagoodplacetodosth

23.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth

24.sendsbtodosth

25.invitesbtodosth

26.forgettodosth

27.livetobe+時間

28.beabletodosth

29.havesthtodo

30.seemtodosth

31.getsb/sthtodosth

32.疑問詞+todosth

33.needsthtodosth

34.usesthtodosth

35.followsbtosth

36.needtodosth

37.agoodtimetodosth

38.thebesttimetodosth

39.thebestwaytodosth

40.bethefirst/lastonetodosth

41.wouldliketodosth

42.beexcited/surprisedtodosth

43.beusefultodosth

44.beallowedtodosth

45.allowsbtodosth

46.It’sbettertodosth

47.It’sbesttodosth

48.takecaretodosth

49.seesbdosth

50.whynotdosth?

51.haveenoughtimetodosth

52.too…todosth

53.not…enoughtodosth

54.encouragesbtodosth

55.choosetodosth

56.waittodosth

57.behappy/glad/pleasedtodosth

58.makeit+adj+todosth

59.becarefultodosth

60.beafraidtodosth

61.It’sourdutytodosth

62.usedtodosth

63.can’taffordtodosth

64.makeadecisiontodosth

65.haveanopportunitytodosth

66.waitforsbtodosth

67.woulddosthratherthandosth

68.wouldratherdosththandosth

69.hurrytodosth

70.refusetodosth

71.agreetodosth

72.pretendtodosth

73.pretendtobedoingsth

74.prefertodosth

75.prefernottodosth

76.prefertodosthraherthandosth

77.bewillingtodosth

78.volunteer+時間/錢+todosth

79.volunteertodosth

80.offertodosth

81.rushtodosth

82.inordertodosth

83.becertaintodosth

84.besuretodosth

85.makeplanstodosth

86.gooutoftheirwaytodosth

87.leadsbtodosth

88.It’sone’sjobtodosth

89.It’sone’sturntodosth

90.urgesbtodosth督促...91.could/wouldyoupleasedosth?

92.besupposedtodosth

93.warnsbtodosth

二、接動名詞

（doingsth）

.likedoingsth

2.enjoydoingsth

3.havefundoingsth

4.beinterestedindoingsth

5.Thanksfordoingsth

6.lookatsbdoingsth

7.stopsbdoingsth

8.stopsbfromdoingsth

9.go+v-ing

0.dothe+v-ing

1.what/Howdoingsth?

2.practicedoingsth

3.watchsbdoingsth

4.findsbdoingsth

5.minddoingsth

6.can’tstanddoingsth

7.thinkaboutdoingsth

8.spend…doingsth

9.finishdoingsth

20.bebusydoingsth

21.keepdoingsth

22.keepsbfromdoingsth

23.keepsbdoingsth

24.begoodatdoingsth

25.hatedoingsth

26.Therebe+名詞+doingsth

27.makealivingbydoingsth

28.haveadifficulttimedoingsth

29.feellikedoingsth

30.allowdoingsth

31.seesbdoingsth

32.bydoingsth

33.endupdoingsth

34.doasurveyaboutdoingsth

35.beafraidofdoingsth

36.beusedtodoingsth

37.beterrifiedofdoingsth

38.giveupdoingsth

39.insteadofdoingsth

40.havenothingagainstdoingsth

41.beseriousaboutdoingsth

42.haveachanceofdoingsth

43.before/when/while+doingsth

44.startdoingsth

45.havealotofexperiencedoingsth

46.preferdoingsth

47.considerdoingsth

48.dreamof/aboutdoingsth

49.continuedoingsth

50.putoffdoingsth

51.beusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth

52.preferdoingsthtodoingsth

53.withoutdoingsth

54.becomfortabledoingsth

55.can’tstop/helpdoingsth

56.lookforwardtodoingsth

57.beagainstdoingsth

58.havetrouble/problems/difficultydoingsth

59.suggestdoingsth

60.bebusydoingsth

61.beworthdoingsth

第二篇：非謂語動詞(教案)

非謂語動詞（教案）

在英語中，不是用作句子的謂語，而是用于擔(dān)任其他語法功能的的動詞，稱之為非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種：不定式、動名詞和分詞。一．非謂語動詞與謂語動詞之區(qū)別：

1．相同之處：

1）可以有賓語： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被狀語修飾：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“體”式和語態(tài)的變化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的邏輯主語： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之處：

1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作表語、定語和賓語補足語等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主語（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主語）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表語

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作賓語

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作賓語補語（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官動詞以及l(fā)et, make,have等動詞后面，作賓補的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定語

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作狀語

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的邏輯主語：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．連接詞+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的時態(tài)

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的語態(tài)

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．動名詞：

1．作主語

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表語

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作賓語

（下列動詞只能接動名詞avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些動詞后面可接動名詞，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但動名詞表示的意義是在一般情況下的行為，而不定式則表示某個具體的、一次性的行為。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介詞賓語

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．動名詞的邏輯主語

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.動名詞和不定式作賓語，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）Go on doing sth（繼續(xù)做某事）Try to do sth（盡力做某事）Try doing sth（嘗試做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（過去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（習(xí)慣做某事）

6．動名詞的體式和語態(tài)

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分詞

分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示的意義是主動的、進行的；過去分詞表示的意義是被動的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表語：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定語：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作賓語補足語：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分詞說明動作正在發(fā)生；不定式說明動作發(fā)生的全過程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作狀語：

1)作時間或原因狀語：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴隨狀語：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.

第三篇：非謂語動詞教案

非

謂

語

動

詞 之 現(xiàn)在分詞

教

案

劉黎清

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1.掌握分詞作定語、表語、補足語、狀語（時間、原因、方式、結(jié)果和伴隨等狀語的用法）。2.掌握動名詞作主語、賓語的用法。

教學(xué)重點

動詞除了在句子中充當(dāng)謂語外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)動詞的非謂語形式，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語和狀語等，稱作非謂語動詞，包括動詞不定式、分詞和動名詞。

教學(xué)難點

1、掌握分詞、動名詞在句子中的作用

2、分詞作定語和狀語的異同

3、注意非謂語動詞與句子謂語動詞的時間關(guān)系，以確定非謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式

教學(xué)要點

非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下： 1.動名詞作主語、賓語；

2.只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語； 3.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語；

教學(xué)步驟

I謂語動詞目前學(xué)過的有哪些？

1.V/V.S(一般現(xiàn)在時，經(jīng)常性動作）

2.V.ed

(一般過去時，過去的動作）

3.am/is/are + V.ing(現(xiàn)在進行時，表正在進行）4.was/were + V.ing(過去進行時，過去正在進行）

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般將來時，將來要做的動作）

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(過去將來時，過去某個時間點開始的將來）7.have/has + V.過分（現(xiàn)在完成時，到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)做了什么）8.had + V.過分（過去完成時，到過去某個點為止已經(jīng)做了什么）

II非謂語動詞有幾個？是什么？ 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.過分

III 本課重點V.ing形式 1.做主語

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水難收）

2.做賓語（只能做某些及物動詞的賓語）她昨天讀完了那本小說。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列動詞后多用動名詞做賓語

admit(承認）

avoid(避免）consider（思考，認為）mind

miss

escape(避開）practice

prevent resist(抵抗）

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(著手）keep on

excuse(原諒）feel like(想要）

object to(反對）

3.做表語

Her job is teaching math.4.做定語

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做賓補

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做賓補，常放在see, hear, notice, watch，keep，find，feel, look at，listen to, observe(觀看）, sense（感覺）, get（讓，使）, have（讓，使)等詞之后

6.做狀語

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(時間）

V.ing 做狀語時，常表示時間，原因，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨，結(jié)果，目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.這樣做可以省很多時間和金錢。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.（主語）2.看到孩子，她禁不住哭了起來。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.（狀語，表時間）3.我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.（表語）4.他練習(xí)寫字作為家庭作業(yè)。He practiced writing for homework.（賓語）5.你介意做一個關(guān)于學(xué)校生活的報告嗎？

Would you mind giving a report about school life?（賓語）6.拒絕邀請并不總是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.（主語）7.我吃完早飯后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.（狀語，表前后時間）8.老師給我們上了一堂寫作課。

The teacher gave us a writing class.（定語）9.正在讀小說的男孩聽到噪音后放下了書。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.（狀語和定語）10.如果從山上看，這個公園很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.（狀語，表條件）

V Homework

VI V.ing 做主語，賓語，定語，狀語，賓補，表語各寫5個句子。

第四篇：非謂語動詞教案

（非謂語動詞）

Period 1 Infinitive(不定式)

Objectives

1.To revise Infinitive to get a better knowledge.2.To practice Infinitive to grasp more.(非謂語動詞——不定式、分詞和動名詞——在高中學(xué)習(xí)中是一個很重要的部分。在每年的高考中，無論是全國卷還是省市卷都是必考部分，因此，對此部分的學(xué)習(xí)與掌握都是必要的?？紤]到其重要性以及內(nèi)容較多，決定分部分進行全面復(fù)習(xí)，從基本概念入手，再從形式、功能、重難點等方面進行講解，最后進行操練鞏固，以達到復(fù)習(xí)的最佳效果。)Resources used Grammar Summary;The multimedia I.Revision and lead-in（復(fù)習(xí)與導(dǎo)入）

Show Ss how important this part is.以2011年全國各省市高考卷中出現(xiàn)的非謂語導(dǎo)入。

II.Presentation（呈現(xiàn)）(on screen)歸納總結(jié)1 非謂語動詞在句中所作的成分： 歸納總結(jié)2 不定式的時態(tài)：

不定式的語態(tài)（被動）：

歸納總結(jié)3 注意點： III.Practice（操練）高考鏈接

1．（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

2.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost 3.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 4.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

5．（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried

6．（2011重慶卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed

8.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep IV.Language in Use.（操練鞏固—運用—提升）1．主語： 1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語真的很重要。

2.放棄吸煙是對的。

2.賓語： 1.因為Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。

2.他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。

3.表語： 1.我的工作是教英語。

2.眼見為實。

4.定語： 1.你有什么要說的嗎?

2.Betty是第一個知道這真相的人 5.狀語：1.He spoke loudly(so as / in order)to be heard.（——————狀語）

2.They jumped with joy to hear the news.（———————狀語）3.I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.（———————狀語）

6.賓補： 1.她叫我呆在這兒。

2.請允許我介紹Mr.White給你們。

7.——————————: To be honest, I know nothing about it.to be honest, to tell(you)the truth說實話, to be frank坦白地說, to be exact確切地說, to begin with首先, to make a long story short長話短說, to be sure當(dāng)然、肯定, to sum up總之 etc.V.Another practice（如果時間允許）(If time permits)VII.Homework（作業(yè)）

導(dǎo)與練P92-94

2011年高考真題英語單項選擇—非謂語分類匯編（全部）

注：全國卷I、全國卷II、北京、上海、山東、湖北、江西、江蘇、安徽、浙江、福建、四川、遼寧、天津、陜西、重慶、湖南（17省市卷，廣東卷沒有單項選擇）

1.(2011全國卷I)27.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen

2.（2011全國卷II）15.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined

3.（2011全國卷II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A.says B: said C.to say D.saying

4.（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

5.（2011北京卷）33.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept

6.(2011上海卷)27.It’s no use ____________ without taking action.A.complain B.complaining C.being complained D.to be complained 7.(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A.saved B.saving C.to be saved D.having saved

8.(2011上海卷)33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realize B.realized C.realizing D.being realized

9.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost

10.（2011山東卷）27.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead

11.（2011江西卷）32.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.says B.said C.saying D.to say

12.（2011江蘇卷）31.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared

13.（2011安徽卷）30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 14.（2011浙江卷）14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost

15.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 16.（2011福建卷）23.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded

17.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

18.（2011四川卷）2.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study

19.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep

20.（2011四川卷）16._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer

21.（2011遼寧卷）30.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering

22.（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 23.（2011天津卷）12.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 24.（2011陜西卷）14.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked

25.（2011陜西卷）20.More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.making B.made C.to make D.having made

26.（2011重慶卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised

27.（2011重慶卷）33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.renmind

28.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed 29.(2011湖南卷)23.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected

30.(2011湖南卷)29.Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt

第五篇：非謂語動詞教案

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高考英語翻譯題型的方法與技巧

一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句子主干部分。1.掌握各種從句

1.狀語從句有時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句等，它的位置比較自由，可以在句首或是句末。以下是考題中的一些難點，也往往是學(xué)生最容易犯錯的地方。

例1保護環(huán)境是每個公民的職責(zé)。(it?)(2002年上海春季)全句譯為：It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.這里it作形式主語，真正的主語是to protect our environment。It作形式主語或形式賓語在翻譯中是個難點。再如：正是你的幫助使得我們有可能在旅游的季節(jié)住到一個中國人的家里。It was your help that made it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season.這里用it作形式賓語即make it possible的句型。而整個句子又是為“It is/was?that?”的強調(diào)句式?？吹街形谋硎觥罢??”，往往可能用到強調(diào)句。

2.定語從句是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。在中文中一般位于名詞或代詞前；而在英語中，緊隨名詞代詞之后。我們可以根據(jù)中文進行判斷：限制性定語從句，中文中有“的”結(jié)構(gòu)；而非限制性定語從句，則有“這指的是、這意味著”等總結(jié)上文的詞出現(xiàn)。

例2 這張照片讓我們想起了在夏令營里度過的日子。(remind)（2000年上海高考）全句譯為: The picture reminds me of the days that were spent in the summer camp.該句中“在夏令營里度過的日子”是一句定語從句。days在定語從句中是充當(dāng)主語的，不是狀語，用that 或which，而不能用 when來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

不管翻譯何種定語從句時都要注意：1）定語從句緊跟在先行詞后；2）先行詞不能重復(fù)在從句中出現(xiàn)；3）選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞和副詞。

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3.名詞性從句一般由that, whether, if以及疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的。以疑問代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句往往是考題中的難點。

例3我覺得便宜的物品未必質(zhì)量一定不好。(necessarily)全句譯為: I don’t think cheap articles are necessarily bad in quality.該句的中文似乎有些拗口，是個雙重否定。若完全按照字面上翻譯就成了I think cheap articles are not necessarily bad。但是，根據(jù)英語的習(xí)慣，該句賓語從句應(yīng)否定在主句。所以，句子必須由I don’t think引導(dǎo)。

2.非謂語

1.動詞作主語應(yīng)該用動名詞或不定式 2.伴隨狀語doing及having done的用法 3.It is saidreportedknown that...此外，在翻譯從句時要注意：

1）時態(tài)語態(tài)主從一致； 2）從句中要用陳述句語序。3)there be句型 4)中文語序與英文倒裝

二、掌握課文短語，熟記短語搭配

在對短語的考核中，動詞短語的地位是不言而喻的。高考的短語，十有八九考的是動詞短語。

例1 充分利用時間并不意味著從早到晚不停地看書。(keep)（1999年上海高考）全句譯為：Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping(on)reading books from morning till night.。

該題考核點為兩個動詞短語：make full use of（充分利用）和keep(on)doing（不斷做某事）。如果考生掌握了這兩個短語的話，寫出翻譯句子便是水到渠成了。

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例2 過去我很害羞，但今年我下定決心要變得活躍，還要交一些朋友來分享我的快樂和悲傷。(determine)全句譯為: I used to be shy, but this year I’m determined to become active and make some friends to share my happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows.該題考核點為四個動詞短語：used to do（過去常常做某事）, be determined to do（下定決心做某事）, make friends（交朋友）和happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows（快樂和悲傷）。

三、理解成語意義，直譯不如巧譯

從成語的實際意義入手，用意譯的方法，用英語把中文成語的意思表達出來。如“胸有成竹”不能直譯成“heart has bamboos”, 它是“很有自信”的意思，因此可以用“confident”來翻譯?！叭詢烧Z”也不能翻成“three sentences and two words”, 它表示“用很少的言語”的意思，可以翻譯成“in a few words”。下面通過具體實例，進一步體會以下意譯的妙處。

例1 請盡早作出決定，不然你會坐失良機。(or)（2003年上海高考）全句譯為：Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity.該句中“坐失良機”就是“失去好機會”的意思，千萬不能翻譯成“sit to lose the chance”, 這樣的直譯會讓不少人感到莫名其妙。

例2 眾所周知，成功來自勤奮，不努力則一事無成。(without)（2000年上海高考）全句譯為：As we all know, success comes from hard work;without efforts nothing can be done.該句中要注意的是“一事無成”不能按照字面直譯成“a thing can’t be done”。

例3這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。（so?that?）（2003年上海高考）全句譯為: The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can’t stand parting with it.該句中的“引人入勝”和“愛不釋手”在英文里完全找不到對等的詞。首先要理解這兩個詞組的意義，“引人入勝”的意義實際上是“非常地吸引人”，要

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用到“attractive”這個詞。“愛不釋手”的意思為“非常喜歡，以至于不舍得把它放到一邊?！?/p>

由于英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言，在結(jié)構(gòu)上有很大的差異，真正意義上的對等詞少而又少，所以做漢譯英時，往往要擺脫原句結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛，用符合英語習(xí)慣的句式來表達漢語的意思，不能字字對譯。

四、增加課外閱讀，積累俗語、諺語

1．如果成語、諺語和俗語的組成結(jié)構(gòu)中英文相差不大，可以用直譯的方法，但其中的用詞要符合英語的習(xí)慣。

例1 許多外國游客都想要去長城一游，他們知道不到長城非好漢。(visit)（2002年上海春季）全句譯為：Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall.They know that he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.在翻譯這個俗語時，如果把“好人”翻譯成“a good man”是不正確的。沒有去過長城的人并不意味著不是“好人”。也不能翻譯成“a real man”,這樣就變成了沒有去過長城的就不是“人”了。這里的“好漢”指的是頂天立地的男子漢，因此翻譯成“a true man”最為妥當(dāng)。

2．如果成語、諺語和俗語的組成結(jié)構(gòu)中英文相差很大，可以用意譯的方法。例2 他們應(yīng)該從這件事情中吸取教訓(xùn)：玩火者必自焚。(burn)（2001上海高考）全句譯為：They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.這句句子中的玩火者不能翻譯成“fire player”, 把該句在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，在口語化一些，就可以通過意譯較好的把它的意思表達出來了。

因此要在這一類俗語翻譯中取得高分，則一定要靠平時多積累。另外，同學(xué)們?nèi)f一在考試中碰到?jīng)]有見過的俗語和諺語，不必緊張，可采用意譯的方法，即在充分理解有關(guān)詞語所表達的寓意的基礎(chǔ)上，將詞語的意思轉(zhuǎn)譯成英語。