第一篇：昆工學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)第10單元譯文加課后答案（推薦）

Unit 10

Mechanical Engineering

Section A Pre-reading activities I.Skimming and Scanning.Before class, read Text A quickly and find answers to the following questions.1.What does CNC stand for? And what is it? CNC is the acronym for Computer Numerical Control.It refers to the idea of controlling machine tools programmatically via computer.2.What is the difference between CNC and NC? There is no computer involved in NC.3.What are the key ingredients for the growth of CNC? Standard G-Code language for parts program, CAD and minicomputers.4.Which countries are mentioned in the text to show the development of CNC?

US, Germany and Japanese.5.What makes CNC controls cheaper ?

Microprocessors have made CNC controls cheaper, culminating with the availability of CNC for the hobby and personal CNC market.6.How many kinds of CNC are listed in the text?

Three kinds of CNC are listed including CNC machine lathes, CNC milling machines and CNC routers.Text A 參考譯文

計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床概述及計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控史 什么叫計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)? CNC是計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制技術(shù)的簡(jiǎn)稱，由較早的“NC”發(fā)展而來(lái)，NC僅僅表示數(shù)字控制。CNC指通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)程序控制機(jī)床。早先的“NC”概念與計(jì)算機(jī)無(wú)關(guān)，而是通過(guò)像打孔紙帶控制機(jī)器之類的東西對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行控制。

2NC數(shù)控技術(shù)和CNC數(shù)控技術(shù)都大大地提高了機(jī)床的生產(chǎn)效率，因?yàn)檫@些機(jī)床不需要加工技術(shù)人員一直關(guān)注和操作，機(jī)床也能自動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在這類自動(dòng)化技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前，主要是運(yùn)用自動(dòng)化程度相對(duì)較低的液壓仿形裝置。液壓仿形裝置運(yùn)用液壓動(dòng)力，按照樣板或靠?？刂栖嚨痘蜚姷兜倪\(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡。很多普通手動(dòng)車床用到的錐度仿形部件與液壓仿形裝置的功能并無(wú)不同，只是液壓仿形裝置不僅能仿形簡(jiǎn)單的錐形形狀，而且能仿形更加復(fù)雜的樣板或靠模。

3但是當(dāng)NC數(shù)控技術(shù)以及后來(lái)的CNC數(shù)控技術(shù)首次出現(xiàn)，最大限度提高了機(jī)床的自動(dòng)化程度。

計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)史

4第一代商用數(shù)字控制機(jī)床發(fā)明于20世紀(jì)50年代，并且是源自打孔紙帶。盡管這一構(gòu)想很快證明它能節(jié)約成本，意想不到的是它并未很快獲得生產(chǎn)者的青睞。為了推進(jìn)數(shù)控機(jī)床更快地使用，美國(guó)軍方購(gòu)置了120臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床并且租借給各生產(chǎn)商，以使他們能更加熟悉數(shù)控機(jī)床這一概念。到50年代末期，盡管依舊有不少爭(zhēng)議，數(shù)控機(jī)床已經(jīng)開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)。例如，當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有g(shù)-代碼(go to代碼，用于控制刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的代碼)，這是我們現(xiàn)在使用的幾乎最通用的CNC數(shù)控語(yǔ)言。每家廠商均熱衷于使用自己的CNC數(shù)控語(yǔ)言來(lái)表述部件生產(chǎn)程序（指機(jī)床用于加工部件的程序）。

5以1959年計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床為例，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)密爾沃基-馬蒂克-II是第一臺(tái)有換刀機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)床。緊接著，一系列重要開(kāi)發(fā)讓計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床在20世紀(jì)60年代得到迅猛發(fā)展。

? 部件加工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)G代碼程序語(yǔ)言：g-代碼的源頭可以回溯到麻省理工大學(xué)。大約在1958年，麻省理工大學(xué)伺服機(jī)械實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用了這一語(yǔ)言，在20世紀(jì)60年代初電子工業(yè)聯(lián)盟正式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了g代碼。

? 60年代期間，CAD（計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)）開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)并很快取代了手工繪制圖紙和繪圖技術(shù)員。到1970年，CAD已發(fā)展成為了相當(dāng)規(guī)模的行業(yè)，如鷹圖公司、計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)公司均開(kāi)展了CAD業(yè)務(wù)，大學(xué)期間，我還為這兩家公司擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)。? 60年代，微型計(jì)算機(jī)開(kāi)始面世，如DEC PDP-8，General Nova等。這使得計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床價(jià)格更低，效能更高。

6到1970年，多數(shù)西方國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展放緩，用工成本不斷增加。由于有了60年代期間奠定的堅(jiān)實(shí)的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)開(kāi)始騰飛，并逐步取代了較老的技術(shù)，如液壓仿形技術(shù)和普通手工加工技術(shù)。美國(guó)的一些公司大力推進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)革新，但是他們一直以來(lái)都過(guò)多地關(guān)注高端產(chǎn)品。德國(guó)人搶先一步，抓住了機(jī)會(huì)，降低了計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)的價(jià)格，到1979年，德國(guó)人出售的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)已經(jīng)超過(guò)了美國(guó)公司。日本人復(fù)制了德國(guó)人的模式，并獲得了更大的成功，并在一年之后，也就是1980年取代了德國(guó)成為領(lǐng)頭羊。在1971年，10家最大的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)公司都來(lái)自美國(guó)，但是到了1987年，只剩下辛辛那提米拉克龍一家美國(guó)公司了，并且只名列世界第八。8

近來(lái)，微處理器的出現(xiàn)讓計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制技術(shù)價(jià)格更為便宜，個(gè)人還可把計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)當(dāng)做個(gè)人愛(ài)好，面向個(gè)人的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)市場(chǎng)達(dá)到頂峰。加強(qiáng)型機(jī)器控制器研究計(jì)劃或者簡(jiǎn)稱EMC2，是一項(xiàng)實(shí)施一種開(kāi)放源代碼式(也稱為開(kāi)源式)的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)控制器的項(xiàng)目，這一控制器是由美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)研究院開(kāi)發(fā)用來(lái)展示的。自2000年以來(lái)，該項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始進(jìn)入公眾領(lǐng)域，緊接著開(kāi)放源控制器和EMC2也于不久后的2003年面世。

9Mach3由Artsoft創(chuàng)建者阿特·芬提所開(kāi)發(fā)，作為早期EMC版本的一個(gè)分支，其主要運(yùn)行環(huán)境為Window系統(tǒng)而不是Linux系統(tǒng)，這使得它更容易進(jìn)入個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)市場(chǎng)。阿特的公司Artsoft成立于2001年。和很多其他計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)一樣，EMC2和Mac3計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)軟件程序現(xiàn)如今仍在使用，并且呈現(xiàn)蒸蒸日上的態(tài)勢(shì)。

CNC機(jī)器有哪些類型？

這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是三言兩語(yǔ)能回答的，但是我們還是盡量描述一下數(shù)控機(jī)床的主要類型，也就是最常見(jiàn)的類型。? 數(shù)控車床

有人把車床看著是唯一的萬(wàn)能機(jī)床，因?yàn)檐嚧部梢灾圃炱渌嚧残枰乃胁考?。車床使工件在主軸上做旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，而固定的切削刀具沿著工件做進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)行切削加工，切下切屑。正是由于這一幾何原理，車床是加工軸對(duì)稱零件的理想機(jī)床，這些零件可以用卡盤夾緊，安裝在車床主軸上。? 數(shù)控銑床

在銑床上，銑刀是安裝在旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸上的。工件向銑刀進(jìn)給，從而切下切屑。銑床銑刀切削工件的行為叫“銑削”。

大多數(shù)銑床是最常規(guī)的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控銑床。更先進(jìn)的銑床被稱為“立式加工中心”。計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床至少具有三軸聯(lián)動(dòng)切割的功能（一些較老式的機(jī)床如果第三軸使用受限時(shí)，可能只是兩軸聯(lián)動(dòng)或兩軸半聯(lián)動(dòng)），軸線指的是X軸線、Y軸線和Z軸線。? 數(shù)控刳刨機(jī)

數(shù)控刳刨機(jī)實(shí)際上是一種計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控銑床，尤其是指那種使用所謂的“龍門架”配置的設(shè)備。當(dāng)這類機(jī)床用來(lái)切割木材時(shí)，他們通常被稱為數(shù)控刳刨機(jī)，而不是龍門銑床，但這并不是唯一的情況。

Exercises Comprehension I.The following questions are based on Text A.Read them carefully and decide on the most appropriate choices to either answer them or make them complete.1.C 2.B 3.D

4.A

5.C

6.A

7.B

8.A Vocabulary II.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.1.advent 6.inaccessible 2.formula 7.configure

3.culminating 8.chucked

4.exclusive 9.implementation

5.manually 10.thriving

（句子參考譯文）

1.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體的出現(xiàn)，他們必須監(jiān)控公共信息源，并將這些信息與臨床數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整合。

2.我們?yōu)槊恳粋€(gè)任務(wù)開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)視圖，并且用XML顯示來(lái)編碼視圖中表單的公式。

3.最后一分打了22拍，以費(fèi)德勒的一個(gè)大角度反手回球結(jié)束比賽。

4.做好事和正確地做事并不該互相排斥——在該問(wèn)題上兩者更應(yīng)該互相加強(qiáng)。5.雖然目前數(shù)控機(jī)床的成本逐漸下降，但還是比普通機(jī)床貴。6.我們獲取了大量平時(shí)難以獲得的數(shù)據(jù)。

7.蘋果公司首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官蒂姆庫(kù)克表示，“蘋果將為中國(guó)消費(fèi)者提供個(gè)性化激光鐫刻、個(gè)人產(chǎn)品定制以及全部訂單免費(fèi)送貨等服務(wù)?！?/p>

8.工件采用一次裝卡，以減少不必要的磨削誤差和精度誤差。

9.專家們建議將人文課程按照不同的課程模塊進(jìn)行設(shè)置，并制定具體的實(shí)施措施和計(jì)劃。10.從這樣的照片我們看到的是一個(gè)類似美國(guó)或歐洲的繁榮社區(qū)。

III.Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank.You may not use any of the words more than once.1.F 2.B

3.D

4.N

5.H

6.G

7.E

8.K

9.A

10.C

Specialist Vocabulary Building In text A, you may have noticed some words with special prefixes, for example, the word microprocessor is prefixed with micro-, and the word minicomputer is prefixed with mini-.If you know the meanings of the prefixes, you will find it easier to denote some specialized vocabulary.Study the examples below and notice the change of meaning

IV.Study the words with mirco-given below and complete the following sentences with them.Change the form where necessary.1.microalloying 2.microcircuit 6.microfiber 7.microchip

3.microcode 8.microform

4.microcontroller

5.microbody

9.microelectronics 10.Microscopic（句子參考譯文）

1.該文闡述了利用鈮微合金化技術(shù)生產(chǎn)高強(qiáng)韌性管線用鋼板的工藝技術(shù)。2.芯片為集成電路技術(shù)構(gòu)成的微電路。

3.本文給出一種基于新的微操作和微指令描述的微碼壓縮算法。4.而單片計(jì)算機(jī)是最常用的微控制器。5.6.7.8.這些研究者討論了關(guān)于老鼠肝臟中微體生物存在多少種模式的問(wèn)題。

一次性濕紙巾和抹布比可多次使用的手帕和微纖維布要貴，但是功能一樣。微芯片的發(fā)明預(yù)示著新一代計(jì)算機(jī)的誕生。

本文闡述了建立縮微數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的重要意義、作用及基本流程；同時(shí)作者認(rèn)為縮微數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建立是實(shí)現(xiàn)縮微品資源共享的必由之路。

9.該材料在微電子方面使用廣泛，并能大量吸收溫室氣體二氧化碳。10.顯微分析是訓(xùn)練有素的手工操作員最通用的技術(shù)之一。

V.Study the words with mini-given below and complete the following sentences with them.Change the form where necessary.1.minimum 6.minisome 2.minilab 7.miniaturise

3.minish 8.minimap

4.minibusses 9.Miniscule

5.minipump 10.ministate（句子參考譯文）

1.為了完成這個(gè)循環(huán)，我們需要使用最小數(shù)量的反應(yīng)材料。

2.本發(fā)明是一種安全性和可靠性高的微型實(shí)驗(yàn)陶瓷基汽車剎車片，其制備方法簡(jiǎn)單可靠。

3.特殊多層復(fù)合流道設(shè)計(jì)能有效地減小各層分界面變形量。4.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)這些新研發(fā)的小客車能走很遠(yuǎn)路，卻只用很少的汽油。

5.這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的在于研究微泵維持靜脈注射時(shí)一次性輸液連接管和輸液針對(duì)硝酸甘油的吸附作用。

6.這類小型染色體對(duì)基因變異有十分重要的作用。

7.北朝鮮要將核武小型化以便導(dǎo)彈裝載或是飛機(jī)空投尚有一段距離。8.目前在微縮地圖底部加入了秒表和鬧鐘的設(shè)計(jì)。

9.這些微型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的零件不能總像一般的大號(hào)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)那樣正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。10.所有國(guó)家哪怕是最小的國(guó)度，在聯(lián)合國(guó)都享有平等的地位。

Translation VI.Translate the following paragraph into English.A machine consists of a lot of machine parts.The shaft is one of the most common and important ones.Shafts rotate in some type of supports that we call bearings.Bearings are used to keep the shafts steady, maintain their rotary precision, reduce the friction between shafts and shaft-mounted components, and so on.There are various kinds of bearings.According to types of friction, they are divided into two broad groups: sleeve bearings and rolling contact bearings.Rolling contact bearings consist of ball bearings , straight roller bearings, tapered roller bearings etc.We use different types of bearings for different purposes.Rolling contact bearings are most widely used.They are used in almost every kind of machine and device with rotating parts.They also feature with low friction, high efficiency, ready assembly and disassembly, and so on.VII.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.EDM（Electrical Discharge Machining）是電火花加工的縮寫。它是精加工流程，用于加工復(fù)雜件或簡(jiǎn)單件以及具一定幾何形狀的單件或組件。EDM依靠侵蝕材料沿著電極刀具和工 件之間形成的弧線放電加工。其加工系統(tǒng)包括成型工具或電極和工件。主要的電火花加工方法有兩種：滑枕式電火花加工和線電火花加工，他們之間的主要區(qū)別是用于加工的電極方法。在典型滑枕式電火花加工應(yīng)用中，石墨電極是用傳統(tǒng)刀具加工的?，F(xiàn)在一種特殊形狀的電極和電源連接，系到滑枕上，緩慢地移向工件。當(dāng)工件浸入液槽，可進(jìn)行完整的加工工藝。

Writing VIII.Choose a non-fiction writing, especially about your major and write a book report with no less than 300 words.Sample Writing: Book Review on Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science

Information of the book: Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science.Margaret A.Boden.Two volumes, xlviii + 1631 pp.Oxford University Press, 2006.$225.The term cognitive science is used to refer to the study of cognition—cognitive structures and processes in the mind or brain, mostly in people rather than, say, rats or insects.It includes cognitive neuroscience, artificial intelligence(AI), robotics and artificial life;conceptual, linguistic and moral development;and learning in humans, other animals and machines.An excellent example of cognitive scientists is the philosopher, psychologist and computer scientist Margaret Boden, who founded the School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences at the University of Sussex and is the author of a number of books, including Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man(1977)and The Creative Mind(1990).In her latest book, the lively and interesting Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science, the relevant machine is usually a computer, and the cognitive science is usually concerned with the sort of cognition that can be exhibited by a computer.Furthermore, she also puts to one side such mainstream developments in computer science as data mining and statistical learning theory.It is fortunate that Mind as Machine is highly readable, particularly because it contains 1,452 pages of text, divided into two very large volumes.Her goal is to show how cognitive scientists have tried to find computational or informational answers to frequently asked questions about the mind—―what it is, what it does, how it works, how it evolved, and how it’s even possible.‖ How do our brains generate consciousness? Are animals or newborn babies conscious? Can machines be conscious?

The first five chapters present the historical background of the field, delving into such topics as cybernetics and feedback, and discussing important figures such as René Descartes, Immanuel Kant and John von Neumann.Boden also goes into some details about the situation in psychology and biology during the transition from behaviorism to cognitive science.Chapter 6 introduces the founding personalities of cognitive science from the 1950s.George A.Miller, the first information-theoretic psychologist, wrote the widely cited paper ―The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two,‖ in which he reported that the human mind is limited to about seven items at any given time;more information than that can be taken in only if items are grouped as ―chunks.‖ And Noam Chomsky provided a(very)partial generative grammar of English in Syntactic Structures(1957).In the remainder of Boden’s treatment, individual chapters offer chronological accounts of particular aspects of the larger subject.So, chapter 7 offers an extensive discussion of computational psychology including emotion;in the psychology of language;in how psychologists conceive of psychological explanation;in the psychology of reasoning;in the psychology of vision;and in attitudes toward nativism.Chapter 8 discusses the very minor role of anthropology as the ―unacknowledged,‖ discipline of cognitive science.Chapter 9 describes Noam Chomsky’s early impact on cognitive science, discussing his famous review of B.F.Skinner’s book Verbal Behavior, his characterization of a hierarchy of formal grammars, his development of transformational generative grammar and his defense of nativism and universal grammar.As Boden mentions, many people, raised objections in the 1960s to Chomsky’s so-called nativism—his view that certain principles of language are innate to a language faculty.She seems unaware that Chomsky’s reasons for this view became clearer as time went on and formed the basis for the current, standard principles-and-parameters view, which explains otherwise obscure patterns of differences between languages.This is, as far as I know, the first full-scale history of cognitive science.I am sure that knowledgeable readers may have various quibbles about one or another aspect of this history(like my own objection above to the discussion of Chomsky’s work in linguistics).But I doubt that many, or in fact any, readers will have the detailed firsthand knowledge that Boden has of so much of cognitive science.Future histories of the subject will have to build on this one.Section B Pre-reading Activities

I.Skim and scan Text B and answer the following questions by referring to the above reading skills:

1.What is the main idea of the text? It mainly introduces us what die casting is and how many stages there are in the process cycle for die casting.And finally the author explains the two types of die casting machine.2.How many parts is this text made up of ? What are they?

This text is made up of three parts.They are: Part I(Para 1): Definition of die casting.Part II(Para 2-7): Five stages of die casting.Part III(Para8-11): Two types of die casting machine.3.Find out key words that describe the main idea of the text.Five main stages: clamping, injection, cooling, ejection and trimming.Two types of die casting machine: hot chamber machines and cold chamber machines.7

4.What does die casting mean?

Die casting is a manufacturing process that can produce geometrically complex metal parts through the use of reusable molds, called dies.5.What is the injection pressure in the process of die casting? Typically, the injection pressure ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 psi.III.Vocabulary The following words which will appear in the following text.You may already know some of them.Try to guess the meaning of those words that you do not know and then match column A with column B.1.E 7.K 2.C 8.G 3.A 4.F

5.D 9.H

10.I

11.L

6.B 12.J

Text B 參考譯文

壓鑄 壓鑄是一種利用可重復(fù)使用的模子（稱為模具）來(lái)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的金屬零件的制造工藝。壓鑄過(guò)程要使用到熔爐、被熔金屬、壓鑄機(jī)及模具。被熔金屬一般指鋁或鋅等有色合金。被熔金屬在熔爐中熔化后被噴射入壓鑄機(jī)內(nèi)的模具中，迅速冷卻凝固，并最終成型得到所需的零件。這就是壓鑄。

整個(gè)壓鑄過(guò)程包括五個(gè)階段，耗時(shí)很短，一般在2~60秒之間。下面分別介紹這五個(gè)階段：

鎖模(夾模)：第一步，將事先準(zhǔn)備好的兩個(gè)半模分別夾住。每個(gè)半模在上一次噴入使用后必須先清洗干凈，然后潤(rùn)滑，以備另一半模的脫出。潤(rùn)滑時(shí)間與零件大小、型腔及側(cè)抽芯數(shù)量有關(guān)。不過(guò)，并非每次噴射后均要潤(rùn)滑，一般是在2~3次噴射后，根據(jù)材料情況進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑。潤(rùn)滑后的兩個(gè)半模分別固定在壓鑄機(jī)內(nèi)側(cè)，在壓鑄機(jī)的帶動(dòng)下逐漸靠攏，直到彼此牢牢地合在一起。噴入熔融金屬的時(shí)候，必須對(duì)模具施加足夠大的壓力，以確保兩個(gè)半模緊緊貼合。

噴射：將熔爐中保持某一設(shè)定溫度的熔融金屬輸入壓室，準(zhǔn)備噴注入模具。輸入方式取決于壓鑄機(jī)類型，即是熱室壓鑄機(jī)還是冷室壓鑄機(jī)。

熔融金屬進(jìn)入壓鑄室后就會(huì)在高壓作用下被射入模具。噴射壓一般在1000~20,000 psi之間。該壓力可以使熔融金屬在凝固過(guò)程中不泄溢出模具。噴射入模具的金屬量即為一注。噴射時(shí)間是指熔融金屬填充模具所有槽及型腔所需的時(shí)間。該時(shí)間很短，一般不到0.1秒，以免有任何熔融金屬過(guò)早凝固。合理噴射時(shí)間可根據(jù)被熔材料的熱力學(xué)特性及模具壁厚計(jì)算得出。冷卻：熔融金屬一進(jìn)入型腔就開(kāi)始冷卻凝固。當(dāng)金屬填滿整個(gè)型腔并凝固后，鑄件最終壓鑄成型。在冷卻時(shí)間未到及鑄件凝固之前不能開(kāi)模。受其他的熱阻因素的影響，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的模具冷卻的時(shí)間通常較長(zhǎng)。脫模：經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)定冷卻時(shí)間之后，各半?？梢源蜷_(kāi)：脫模機(jī)構(gòu)將鑄件推出型腔。開(kāi)模時(shí)間可以根據(jù)壓鑄機(jī)的烘干周期進(jìn)行估算，脫模時(shí)間取決于鑄件外型大小，并應(yīng)考慮到鑄件完全脫模所需的時(shí)間。脫模機(jī)構(gòu)必須施加一定的外力方可將鑄件完全推出，這是因?yàn)槔鋮s時(shí)零件會(huì)收縮并粘附在模具上。一旦鑄件被頂出，模具就會(huì)被夾住并切換接受下一次噴射。8

修模:冷卻過(guò)程中，模具槽內(nèi)的材料會(huì)凝固粘附在鑄件上。鑄件上這些多余的材料（包括其他可能的飛邊）必須修剪干凈，要么手工切削或鋸除，要么用切邊壓力機(jī)。修剪多余材料的時(shí)間可根據(jù)鑄型外型大小估算。

對(duì)于壓鑄而言，其設(shè)備十分重要。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，壓鑄機(jī)有兩種類型：熱室壓鑄機(jī)和冷室壓鑄機(jī)。

熱室壓鑄機(jī)用于熔點(diǎn)較低的合金壓鑄，如鋅，錫和鉛。若用于其他較高熔點(diǎn)合金場(chǎng)合，過(guò)高的熔解溫度可能會(huì)燒壞與熔融金屬直接接觸的泵。待熔金屬被置于熔爐內(nèi)的開(kāi)口儲(chǔ)料坩堝中，當(dāng)熔點(diǎn)溫度達(dá)到的時(shí)候開(kāi)始熔解。隨后，熔融金屬通過(guò)進(jìn)口流入壓室，并在液壓柱塞推動(dòng)下通過(guò)鵝頸槽進(jìn)入模具。當(dāng)熔融金屬注入型腔后，柱塞依舊向下并保持壓力，直至鑄件凝固。凝固完成后，液壓系統(tǒng)抽出柱塞，零件就能被夾模單元頂出了。

1在注入熔融金屬前，夾模單元合攏并同時(shí)鎖住模具的兩個(gè)半模。當(dāng)模具被固定在壓鑄機(jī)上后，每個(gè)半模都被固定在一個(gè)較大的金屬板即定模板上。模具的前半模稱為凹?jí)耗＃潭ㄔ陟o態(tài)定模板上，且與鵝頸槽平行。模具的后半模稱為凸壓模，固定在可沿著系桿滑動(dòng)的定模板上。液壓夾持單元可通過(guò)夾桿推動(dòng)定模板向凹?jí)耗？繑n，并施以足夠大的壓力使之在熔融金屬注入時(shí)緊緊貼住定模板。型腔內(nèi)熔融金屬凝固后，夾模單元釋放兩個(gè)半模。同時(shí)，脫模系統(tǒng)將鑄件推出開(kāi)口型腔。然后，模具合上并準(zhǔn)備下一次注入。冷室壓鑄機(jī)用于熔點(diǎn)較高的合金壓鑄，這類合金不宜采用熱室壓鑄機(jī)壓鑄，因?yàn)榻饘偃劢鉁囟冗^(guò)高有可能破壞泵送系統(tǒng)。這類合金包括鋁、銅和鎂。待熔金屬仍然被置于熔爐內(nèi)的開(kāi)口儲(chǔ)料坩堝中，達(dá)到熔點(diǎn)溫度時(shí)開(kāi)始熔化。但是，這個(gè)儲(chǔ)料坩堝與壓鑄機(jī)是分離的。每次壓鑄時(shí)，將熔融金屬?gòu)嫩釄逯幸ǔ龆皇怯帽脡撼槌觥＝饘偻ㄟ^(guò)傾注口從鑄桶中倒入壓室。冷室壓鑄機(jī)噴注系統(tǒng)的功能與熱室壓鑄機(jī)的相似，但通常是臥式的，且沒(méi)有鵝頸槽。熔融金屬在液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的柱塞推擠下通過(guò)壓室，進(jìn)入模具中的噴注筒。當(dāng)金屬注入型腔后，柱塞仍然向前，持續(xù)施壓，直至鑄件凝固。鑄件凝固后，液壓系統(tǒng)抽出柱塞，夾持單元頂出零件。冷室壓鑄機(jī)的夾持單元及模具的固定與熱室壓鑄機(jī)的一樣。

Exercises Comprehension I.Read the following statements that contain information given in one of the paragraph in Text B.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a number.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding number.A – 3

B – 6

C – 5

D – 9

E – 1

F – 11

G –12

H – 2

I – 7

J – 10

II.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.1.molten 6.simultaneously 11.retract 2.solidification 3.predetermined 7.non-ferrous 12.elapse

8.occurred 13.align geometrically 9.clamping 14.exert

5.maintain 10.injection 15.inlet

(句子參考譯文)1.把熔化的金屬倒入鑄模是熱處理中重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。

2.快速凝固技術(shù)是改善鎂合金組織結(jié)構(gòu)、提高鎂合金各項(xiàng)性能的重要技術(shù)。3.人的體質(zhì)通常是由遺傳決定的。4.但是，現(xiàn)在我們需要盡量將這個(gè)分析得更詳細(xì)一點(diǎn)：它意味著什么，它物理意義是什么，如何從幾何學(xué)上審視它等等。

5.精神科醫(yī)生務(wù)必要學(xué)會(huì)保持超乎尋常的客觀態(tài)度。

6.在一臺(tái)機(jī)器上使用數(shù)種刀具來(lái)順次或同時(shí)進(jìn)行幾項(xiàng)機(jī)器操作，將節(jié)省大量加工時(shí)間。7.飛機(jī)的外殼都是由有色金屬合金制造的。

8.管理員在每個(gè)域都有一個(gè)監(jiān)控點(diǎn)，在那里可以檢測(cè)到在所有客戶和服務(wù)器上發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)崩潰。9.在相同裝夾順序、加載方式下，施加均布載荷優(yōu)于施加集中載荷，均布載荷能優(yōu)化墊鐵的厚度。

10.然而，往管道內(nèi)注入少量的噬菌體，就可以清理整個(gè)管道系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)槭删w在消耗生物膜的同時(shí)可以自我復(fù)制。

11.史密斯先生急忙試圖收回聲明，但是它剛剛已經(jīng)在國(guó)家電臺(tái)播出了。

12.昨天，湯姆很開(kāi)心地在超市附近的街上遇見(jiàn)了瑪麗。要知道他們?cè)诙嗄旰蟛诺靡栽俅蜗喾辍?/p>

13.他把花整齊地?cái)[在窗臺(tái)上。

14.這些組織在公共生活中發(fā)揮著巨大的影響，我們卻沒(méi)辦法發(fā)現(xiàn)它們代表著誰(shuí)的利益。15.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由一個(gè)進(jìn)氣道,一個(gè)燃燒室和一個(gè)尾噴管組成。

III.Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letters.1.mill 6.plunger 11.workpiece 2.thermodynamic 7.sawing

12.pump

3.die-casting 8.cavity 13.rear

4.lubricate 9.injected 14.platen

5.furnace 10.chamber 15.trimmed

（句子參考譯文）

1.端面銑刀是銑削金屬件表面所用的一種刀具，這種刀具有一個(gè)帶幾個(gè)由螺旋槽形成的切削刃的平端面。

2.這一點(diǎn)必須和熱力學(xué)循環(huán)的運(yùn)行情況一起考慮，這個(gè)循環(huán)像發(fā)電機(jī)一樣將自發(fā)過(guò)程和非自發(fā)過(guò)程聯(lián)系在一起。

3.由于熟悉注塑、沖壓模具、電鍍或者壓鑄這些領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)，他很容易就在那個(gè)公司謀得了那個(gè)職位。

4.它還擁有動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)，你按一下按鈕，就能潤(rùn)滑汽車球形接頭和所有零部件。

5.火車頭的空間里主要是臺(tái)蒸汽機(jī)，蒸汽機(jī)有一堆的閥門，噴口，壓力計(jì)和龐大的火爐。6.當(dāng)彈簧最終抬高柱塞，將開(kāi)關(guān)推向“打開(kāi)”位置時(shí)，雨刷開(kāi)始運(yùn)行。7.長(zhǎng)齒刀經(jīng)常被稱為面包刀，人們前后拉鋸式地切割面包時(shí)，用長(zhǎng)齒刀最適合。

8.金屬型鑄造也有一些不足之處, 其中之一是耐熱合金鋼和在它上面做出中空型腔的加工都比較昂貴，所以金屬型的模具費(fèi)用不菲。

9.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)為消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)注入了新的活力。

10.壓鑄是目前生產(chǎn)效率最高的鑄造工藝。壓鑄機(jī)分為熱室壓鑄機(jī)和冷室壓鑄機(jī)兩類。11.這既可減輕鑄件重量、減少切削加工量以降低成本，又可避免穿透表面致密層，露出皮下氣孔，造成工件報(bào)廢。

12.心臟是一種天生的泵,它能使血液在全身流動(dòng)。

13.為了安全起見(jiàn)，生產(chǎn)商不得不在所有的新車上安裝后部座椅安全帶。

14.為了提高生產(chǎn)效率，你最好全部使用注塑機(jī)的四柱空間、模板空間及注塑重量來(lái)達(dá)到最高的腔數(shù)。

15.政府決定根據(jù)市民的反饋修改其政策。

第二篇：學(xué)術(shù)綜合英語(yǔ)第1單元 參考譯文

Unit 1 如何發(fā)表演說(shuō) 斯蒂芬·盧卡斯

1.在人類創(chuàng)造的萬(wàn)物中，語(yǔ)言可能是最卓越的一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造。通過(guò)語(yǔ)言，我們可以分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)、闡明價(jià)值觀念、交流思想、傳播知識(shí)、傳承文化。確實(shí)，語(yǔ)言對(duì)于思想本身至關(guān)重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：語(yǔ)言并不是簡(jiǎn)單地反映事實(shí)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)事件意義的思考來(lái)幫助人們感悟現(xiàn)實(shí)。

2.優(yōu)秀的演說(shuō)者尊重語(yǔ)言并懂得如何駕馭語(yǔ)言。語(yǔ)言是演說(shuō)者展示才能的工具，對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，如同其他職業(yè)的工具一樣,語(yǔ)言也有特殊的功用。作為一名演說(shuō)者，你應(yīng)該意識(shí)到話語(yǔ)的意義，并懂得如何準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地使用語(yǔ)言，使其表達(dá)清楚，趣味橫生，恰如其分。

3.如同數(shù)字對(duì)于會(huì)計(jì)的重要性一樣，準(zhǔn)確地使用語(yǔ)言對(duì)于演說(shuō)者至關(guān)重要。在沒(méi)有確切知道一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的意思之前，千萬(wàn)不要盲目使用。碰到?jīng)]有把握的詞語(yǔ)，一定要查詞典追根究底。當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備演講之前，一定要不斷地問(wèn)自己：“我究竟想說(shuō)些什么？我究竟想表達(dá)什么樣的意思？”因此，對(duì)于一篇演講稿的用詞來(lái)說(shuō)，必須準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。

4.語(yǔ)言表達(dá)清楚無(wú)誤，聽(tīng)眾就能很快抓住你的意思。鑒于此，演說(shuō)者應(yīng)該使用那些對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)非常熟悉的詞語(yǔ)，這些詞語(yǔ)不需要任何專業(yè)背景就能夠理解；演說(shuō)者應(yīng)該使用那些表達(dá)具體而不是相對(duì)抽象的詞語(yǔ)；并且千萬(wàn)不要亂堆砌辭藻，嘩眾取寵。

5.準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng)地使用語(yǔ)言能夠使你的演說(shuō)貼近生活。有一種方法可以使你的語(yǔ)言更加生動(dòng)形象，那就是通過(guò)展開(kāi)聯(lián)想或創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)言圖示。通過(guò)使用表達(dá)具體的詞語(yǔ)、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展開(kāi)想象。明喻是對(duì)事物不同之處的比較，不過(guò)有些是相同的：它們總是包含“像……一樣”或者“如同……一樣”這樣的連詞。暗喻是一種隱性的比喻，它能夠把兩個(gè)形式不同但是有一些相通之處的事物聯(lián)系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一樣”或者“如同……一樣”這樣的連詞。

6.另一種讓你的演說(shuō)生動(dòng)形象的方法是注重語(yǔ)言的節(jié)奏感。有四種修辭格可以讓你的語(yǔ)言富有節(jié)奏感：排比、重復(fù)、頭韻和對(duì)比。排比是將一組或一系列具有相似結(jié)構(gòu)的詞語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)或者句子排列在一起；重復(fù)是在一系列短句或者長(zhǎng)句的開(kāi)頭或者結(jié)尾使用相同的一句話或者一組詞語(yǔ)；頭韻是指鄰近或者相鄰的幾個(gè)句子中的首個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的輔音字母相同；對(duì)比是將一些意思相反的詞語(yǔ)或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比結(jié)構(gòu)。

7.恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂谜Z(yǔ)言是指語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用要符合特定的場(chǎng)合、特定的觀眾和特定的主題。同時(shí)，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂谜Z(yǔ)言還意味著演說(shuō)者要有自己的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演說(shuō)者的語(yǔ)言在各個(gè)方面都能夠做到恰如其分，那么這篇演說(shuō)成功的機(jī)率就會(huì)大大提高。

8.優(yōu)秀的演說(shuō)并不是空穴來(lái)風(fēng)、缺乏論據(jù)的決斷。演說(shuō)者必須找到強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)來(lái)支持其觀點(diǎn)。實(shí)際上，熟練地使用論據(jù)經(jīng)常是區(qū)別一篇優(yōu)秀演說(shuō)詞和一篇空洞演說(shuō)詞的關(guān)鍵所在。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，通常有三種論據(jù)材料：事例、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和證詞。

9.在演說(shuō)過(guò)程中，你可以使用一些簡(jiǎn)明扼要的例子——比如過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)很具體的事件——有時(shí)候，你可以羅列好幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)明的例子，借此增強(qiáng)聽(tīng)眾的印象。擴(kuò)展性的例子——描述、敘述或者奇聞?shì)W事——通常長(zhǎng)一些，但更具體?？鋸埿缘睦用枋鱿胂裰械那樾?，這種例子能夠?qū)⑾嚓P(guān)的想法有效地傳達(dá)給聽(tīng)眾。這三種例子都能夠幫助演說(shuō)者理清思緒、加強(qiáng)印象或者使演說(shuō)更加娓娓動(dòng)聽(tīng)。為了使表達(dá)更加富有效果，例子應(yīng)該生動(dòng)活潑，豐富多彩。

10.只要演說(shuō)者對(duì)于統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)用之得當(dāng)并且加以解釋，這些數(shù)據(jù)將有助于有效地傳達(dá)信息，聽(tīng)眾也能從統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中獲益匪淺。最重要的是：演說(shuō)者應(yīng)該對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)了如指掌，并且運(yùn)用得恰如其分。由于數(shù)據(jù)很容易操縱和捏造，因此，對(duì)于演說(shuō)者來(lái)說(shuō)，一定要確保圖表沒(méi)有張冠李戴，并且要確保統(tǒng)計(jì)方法正確，數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源可靠。

11.證詞對(duì)于那些學(xué)生演說(shuō)者來(lái)說(shuō)特別重要，因?yàn)樗麄兌疾皇茄葜v主題方面的專家，所以引用那些權(quán)威的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)于增加演說(shuō)者觀點(diǎn)的可信度來(lái)說(shuō)是一種好方法。演說(shuō)者在演講中引用證詞，可以一字不差地引用別人的話，或者對(duì)他們的話進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)一樣，證詞的使用也需要遵循一定的程式。例如，一定要確保引用或者解釋別人的話準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，并且確保引文來(lái)源可靠公正。如果聽(tīng)眾對(duì)你的引文不太熟悉，請(qǐng)一定要確立引文作者的可信度。

12.演說(shuō)的方式也會(huì)極大影響其質(zhì)量。如果一篇演說(shuō)言之無(wú)物當(dāng)然無(wú)人喝彩，但是只有內(nèi)容是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，你還必須懂得如何演說(shuō)。良好的演說(shuō)方式雖然不能增添更多的信息量，但是它能夠幫助演說(shuō)者清晰地表達(dá)思想，使演說(shuō)妙趣橫生，讓觀眾全神貫注。

13.演說(shuō)的表達(dá)方式基本上有四種：通讀手稿中的段落、復(fù)述背誦過(guò)的一段文章、幻燈片輔助的演說(shuō)以及即興發(fā)揮或即席演說(shuō)。最后一種方法在課堂講座經(jīng)常會(huì)用到，大部分課外講座也會(huì)采用這種即席演說(shuō)的方式。當(dāng)你即席演說(shuō)時(shí)，你只需要準(zhǔn)備一小段簡(jiǎn)短的提要或者一個(gè)演講大綱即可?；脽羝o助演說(shuō)的方式現(xiàn)在運(yùn)用得很廣泛，事實(shí)證明這種方式也非常有效。

14.當(dāng)然，還有其他的因素你需要考慮，如個(gè)人的外表、肢體語(yǔ)、手勢(shì)、目光接觸、講話的聲調(diào)、停頓等。總之，如果你能夠留心上述的方法，相信你的演講一定會(huì)妙語(yǔ)連珠，贏得滿堂喝彩。

第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)第1346910單元課后答案

第一單元 X just as we gained fame in victory, we lost nothing in defeat just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school, Jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom.3 whoever was out there obviously couldn’t see him just as he couldn’t see them.she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as I have been searching for the perfect beer.5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago.XI

1.No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3.Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4.If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5.Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.XII

1.每當(dāng)有人幫了你，無(wú)論事情大小，無(wú)論他地位高低，你都應(yīng)該對(duì)他說(shuō)聲“謝謝”。

2．蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)明使船舶發(fā)生了變化，正如其已經(jīng)改變了陸地運(yùn)輸一樣。

3．盡管經(jīng)理努力幫忙，他還是不能找到問(wèn)題的根源所在。

4．這個(gè)女孩的生活天天圍著哥哥轉(zhuǎn)，完全明白該做什么來(lái)使哥哥高興。

5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最終得到的可能都是自己不想要對(duì)。

6．吉米有他妹妹幫助他度過(guò)那些沒(méi)有父親的艱難日子。

XIII 2005日本殘奧會(huì)

BACAD ADDCB BBACD CACDA 第三單元 XI

1.In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.3.In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.6.The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.XII

1.跟在法國(guó)一樣，美國(guó)在20世紀(jì)60年代也發(fā)生過(guò)文化革命。

2．他一旦下定決心去干一件事，就根本攔不住他。

3．學(xué)校強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)是：家長(zhǎng)和孩子一起參加學(xué)校的活動(dòng)是值得的。

4．快下課時(shí)，老師讓學(xué)生用最后的五分鐘來(lái)展開(kāi)激烈的討論，依照1—10的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相互評(píng)價(jià)他們當(dāng)天的課堂表現(xiàn)。

5．為了避免引發(fā)針對(duì)他們的品格培養(yǎng)方案的爭(zhēng)論，該校校長(zhǎng)解釋說(shuō)，品格第一并不是要強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生接受某 一套道德原則或宗教觀念。

6．并非所有的家長(zhǎng)都相信海德中學(xué)的辦學(xué)原則，即如果你向?qū)W生傳授諸如求真、勇敢、正直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、好奇心和關(guān)心他人等美德的話，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)就自然會(huì)提高。

XIII Hyde BDABD BADCB BACCA BCADB 第四單元 XI

1.Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.2.Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3.The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4.It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.5.The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.6.One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.XII

1.這副畫上一個(gè)神色嚴(yán)肅的男子，身旁站著一位女子，身后是所農(nóng)舍。他們的原型分別是畫家的牙醫(yī)和姐姐。

2．公司的申請(qǐng)書，不管是代表自己還是代表他人，都應(yīng)該有官員的簽名。

3．做了脫口秀之后，約翰和妻子在廣播和電視節(jié)目上出了名，這些節(jié)目給普通民眾以啟迪，而不只是向他們提供信息。

4．盡管有些人不贊同，可市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)還是決定實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃，在湖邊建造兩個(gè)五星級(jí)賓館，以吸引更多的游客。

5．那位著名畫家去世了，曾經(jīng)給他當(dāng)模特的妻子立即擔(dān)任了他裝潢公司的總經(jīng)理職務(wù)。

6．宴會(huì)上，他們的衣著都很華麗，但吸引我注意力的卻是他們的交談方式，使得我很想和他們交談。

XIII

Henry Ford automobile ACBDB DACAB ACACC ADDAD

第六單元 XI

1.We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.2.A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.3.Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4.If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.5.A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.6.In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.XII

1.由于在地震中遇難的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，以便它們能夠抵御地震的力量。

2．人們應(yīng)該在家里和工作地點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備些水和食物，這在可能發(fā)生地震時(shí)是特別必要的。

3．在日本和中國(guó)，人們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直相信通過(guò)觀察動(dòng)物行為可以預(yù)測(cè)地震。

4．除了努力改進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)之外，地震多發(fā)地區(qū)的人們還應(yīng)該在其他幾個(gè)方面為可能發(fā)生的大地震做好準(zhǔn)備。

5．明智的做法是每個(gè)家庭都制定地震應(yīng)急計(jì)劃，而且所有的家庭成員都應(yīng)該知道在地震過(guò)后的混亂中如何離開(kāi)那個(gè)地區(qū)。

6．由于剩下的幾條可用電話線路將會(huì)很忙，所有的家人都應(yīng)該往往在遠(yuǎn)離地震區(qū)域的某個(gè)朋友或親戚家中打電話報(bào)平安。

XIII Earthquake BCABC DACDA BBDCD BACDD

第九單元 XI.1.Word came yesterday that they were killed while trying to reach the summit.2.Under no circumstances shall I mention to anyone that I have turned down the invitation to her wedding.3.It made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husband with public exposure.4.That wealthy lady’s repeated demand for a premarital agreement greatly harmed her prospective husband’s self-esteem and ended up in his refusal to get married.5.Make no mistake about it, some women would insist on the right to get a divorce if their husbands did not earn as much as they expected.6.The casual discovery of the fingerprint shed some light on the murder he had been looking into.XII.1.現(xiàn)如今太多的人似乎都是邊看電視邊吃東西，幾乎沒(méi)注意自己吃的是什么、吃了多少。

2.我怎么也沒(méi)有料到?jīng)]有我你會(huì)生活得這么愜意。

3.他在支票上偽造他哥哥的簽名，以不正當(dāng)手段得到了這筆錢，這件事后來(lái)被媒體曝了光。

4.他舉了個(gè)典型的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明警官是出于自衛(wèi)朝那人開(kāi)的槍，因?yàn)槟侨讼瘸_(kāi)槍。

5.專家普遍認(rèn)為包含對(duì)人的健康有很重要的影響。

6.在中國(guó)婚前協(xié)議的例子不多，這說(shuō)明婚前協(xié)議尚不為眾人接受，盡管離婚會(huì)涉及財(cái)產(chǎn)分配問(wèn)題。

XIII.financial BCADB ABDCD CCADB BDBAC 第十單元 XI.1.1 went to the library and read whatever I could find about the causes of the mysterious disappearances of the ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle.2.Continue treating friends like this, and you will lose them all.3.They must know their product thoroughly and know how to promote sales by word of mouth, telephone or letter.4.It suddenly dawned on me that money couldn't make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years.5.Some people refer to translation as science while others take it as art.6.Instead of imposing personal views upon others, we should promote democracy.XII.1.當(dāng)然新演員絕對(duì)不能停步不前，而應(yīng)該盡可能地創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。

2.他得寸進(jìn)尺。

3.我想我們的關(guān)系很好，我們是朋友。但是外面現(xiàn)在正在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，將來(lái)也會(huì)。無(wú)論我們做什么，無(wú)論我們?cè)谑裁吹胤?，我們將還會(huì)相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

4.退休后，他遠(yuǎn)離政治，開(kāi)始打網(wǎng)球。他發(fā)現(xiàn)打網(wǎng)球是一種很好的放松方式。

5.過(guò)了一會(huì)，顯然帶著不情愿，他在電話里承認(rèn)了自己的身份，并請(qǐng)求我原諒他。

6.在我看來(lái)，當(dāng)老師的唯一缺陷，是它不太會(huì)引起公眾的注意。

XIII.Conflict BCABD ABDCB BABDB ACDAB

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第課后翻譯答案

1.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對(duì)那個(gè)美國(guó)人威嚴(yán)的語(yǔ)氣感到有點(diǎn)意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長(zhǎng)大成熟，不再害怕獨(dú)自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想?yún)⒓愚q論，但靦腆得不敢開(kāi)口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺(jué)得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來(lái)制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學(xué)家通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址(location)這一問(wèn)題上持有不同意見(jiàn)。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營(yíng)這家書店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來(lái)提出異議。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒(méi)人住了。1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千萬(wàn)別說(shuō)可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見(jiàn)搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)體育代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)在少先隊(duì)員向他獻(xiàn)上一束鮮花時(shí)愉快地笑了。8)我相信比較高級(jí)的|(higher)|動(dòng)物是由比較低級(jí)的|（lower）|動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來(lái)|（develop from）|的這一學(xué)說(shuō)。3)吉姆的朋友說(shuō)，他們那個(gè)城市的噪音污染十分嚴(yán)重，但是他們只好忍著。4)湯姆起初認(rèn)為，憑他的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。5)冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙(delicate)問(wèn)題是明智的。6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開(kāi)那臺(tái)機(jī)器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開(kāi)。7)你是否認(rèn)為公共汽車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)完全的責(zé)任？ 1)在當(dāng)?shù)卣念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，村民們奮起應(yīng)付由水災(zāi)造成的嚴(yán)重糧食危機(jī)。2)這個(gè)展覽會(huì)很受歡迎，吸引著源源而至的參觀者。3)媽媽上樓來(lái)查看我們這些孩子時(shí)，我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身假裝睡著了

完形填空：

一、1、bewildered

2、impressed

3、modest

4、profound

5、displayed

6、ambition

7、singled out

8、puzzle

9、capable

10、at ease

二、1、advertised

2、local

3、slim

4、apply

5、disapproval

6、consisted

7、attached importance

8、obriously

9、incommon

10、salary

11、praspect

三、1、action

2、obtain

3、humble

4、origins

5、go out of one’s way

6、conflict

7、acted on

8、own to

9、behind

四、1、surgical

2、confident

3、dwell on

4、emergency

5、sweat

6、competent

7、at one time or another

8、relax

五、1、moved in

2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing 1.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對(duì)那個(gè)美國(guó)人威嚴(yán)的語(yǔ)氣感到有點(diǎn)意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長(zhǎng)大成熟，不再害怕獨(dú)自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想?yún)⒓愚q論，但靦腆得不敢開(kāi)口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺(jué)得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來(lái)制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學(xué)家通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址(location)這一問(wèn)題上持有不同意見(jiàn)。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營(yíng)這家書店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來(lái)提出異議。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒(méi)人住了。

1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千萬(wàn)別說(shuō)可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見(jiàn)搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)體育代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)在少先隊(duì)員向他獻(xiàn)上一束鮮花時(shí)愉快地笑了。8)我相信比較高級(jí)的|(higher)|動(dòng)物是由比較低級(jí)的|（lower）|動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來(lái)|（develop from）|的這一學(xué)說(shuō)。3)吉姆的朋友說(shuō)，他們那個(gè)城市的噪音污染十分嚴(yán)重，但是他們只好忍著。4)湯姆起初認(rèn)為，憑他的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。5)冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙(delicate)問(wèn)題是明智的。6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開(kāi)那臺(tái)機(jī)器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開(kāi)。7)你是否認(rèn)為公共汽車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)完全的責(zé)任？ 1)在當(dāng)?shù)卣念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，村民們奮起應(yīng)付由水災(zāi)造成的嚴(yán)重糧食危機(jī)。2)這個(gè)展覽會(huì)很受歡迎，吸引著源源而至的參觀者。3)媽媽上樓來(lái)查看我們這些孩子時(shí)，我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身假裝睡著了 完形填空：

一、1、bewildered

2、impressed

3、modest

4、profound

5、displayed

6、ambition

7、singled out

8、puzzle

9、capable

10、at ease

二、1、advertised

2、local

3、slim

4、apply

5、disapproval

6、consisted

7、attached importance

8、obriously

9、incommon

10、salary

11、praspect

三、1、action

2、obtain

3、humble

4、origins

5、go out of one’s way

6、conflict

7、acted on

8、own to

9、behind

四、1、surgical

2、confident

3、dwell on

4、emergency

5、sweat

6、competent

7、at one time or another

8、relax

五、1、moved in

2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing

第五篇：報(bào)關(guān)英語(yǔ)第1單元答案

句子翻譯

1． 中華人民共和國(guó)海關(guān)是國(guó)家的進(jìn)出關(guān)境監(jiān)督管理機(jī)關(guān)。

The P.R.C.Customs is an administering organ responsible for supervision over the Customsterritory.2.海關(guān)依法獨(dú)立行使職權(quán)，向海關(guān)總署負(fù)責(zé)。

The Customs establishments exercise their functions and posers independently in accordance with the law and are responsible to the Customs General Administration.3.國(guó)家在對(duì)外開(kāi)放口岸和海關(guān)監(jiān)管業(yè)務(wù)集中的地點(diǎn)設(shè)三海關(guān)。

The State sets up Customs establishments at ports opening to foreign countries and places which call for concentrated Customs operations.4． 海關(guān)依照海關(guān)法和其他有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)，監(jiān)管進(jìn)出境運(yùn)輸工具、貨物、行李物品、郵遞

物品和其他物品。

The Customs exercises supervision and control over means of transport, goods, luggage, postal items and other articles entering or leaving the Customs territory according to “Customs Law” and other regulations and statutes concerned..5． 海關(guān)總署對(duì)全國(guó)各海關(guān)實(shí)行統(tǒng)一管理。

The Customs General Administration conducts unified administration to Customs offices throughout the country.6.海關(guān)總署審議有關(guān)納稅爭(zhēng)議和海關(guān)處罰決定的復(fù)議申請(qǐng)。

The Customs General Administration examines the applications for reviewing Customs decisions on penalties and applications for reviewing disputes on duty payments.完形填空

Supervision and Control over Inward and Outward Passengers’ Luggage

The “Customs Law” provides that inward and outward luggage and articles carriedpassengers are limited personal use and reasonable quantities.The passengers are “Declaration Form for passengers’ Luggage” and accept Customs inspection.The Customs have fixed different quantity and value allowances the dutiable or duty-free articles permitted to be brought different categories passenger.The articles which the passengers are carrying in them _for____ personal use