第一篇:英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)詞表示
英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)詞
一.概述
數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少和順序先后的詞,分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種.基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序.二.基數(shù)詞
1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
1)1~12是獨(dú)立的單詞 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 2)13~19是在基數(shù)詞后加-teen 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 注意:13和15的拼寫發(fā)生變化,18應(yīng)省去原來(lái)的字母t,應(yīng)熟記 3)20~90的整位數(shù)是在基數(shù)詞后加-ty 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 注意:20,30,40,50,80的拼寫發(fā)生變化
4)21~29由”十位數(shù)20+個(gè)位數(shù)1~9”構(gòu)成,中間加連字符 21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three 24 twenty-four 25 twenty-five 26 twenty-six 27 twenty-seven 28 twenty-eight 29 twenty-nine 其他”幾十幾”的數(shù)詞依此類推.31 thirty-one 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three 64 sixty-four 75 seventy-five 86 eighty-six 97 ninety-seven 99 ninety-nine 5)百位數(shù)由1~9加hundred構(gòu)成
one/a hundred 200 two hundred 500 five hundred 900 nine hundred 百位數(shù)含十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí),百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間常用and連接;百位數(shù)加個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí),也可用and連接,但在美式英語(yǔ)中,這個(gè)and往往省略.158 a/one hundred(and)fifty-eight 599 five hundred(and)ninety-nine 605 six hundred(and)five 808 eight hundred(and)eight 6)千位數(shù)由1~9加thousand構(gòu)成
1,000 a/one thousand 2,000 two thousand 5,000 five thousand 9,000 nine thousand 千位數(shù)帶百、十、個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí),由千位數(shù)直接加百、十、個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成.a只能用在整個(gè)詞組之首.one比a 正式,因而在正式文體中應(yīng)該用one.另外,千位數(shù)中如果百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)均為零,可用and與個(gè)位數(shù)連接,但在美式英語(yǔ)中,and往往省去.1,005 one/a thousand(and)five 3,008 three thousand(and)eight 4,836 four thousand eight hundred(and)thirty-six 6,927 six thousand nine hundred(and)twenty-seven 7)萬(wàn)位數(shù)的構(gòu)成
英語(yǔ)中的”萬(wàn)”要用”數(shù)詞+thousand“表示.10,000 ten thousand 20,000 twenty thousand 50,000 fifty thousand 60,856 sixty thousand eight hundred(and)fifty-six 89,733 eighty-nine thousand seven hundred(and)thirty-three “10萬(wàn)~99萬(wàn)”的表示法
100,000 a/one hundred thousand 200,000 two hundred thousand 335,452 three hundred(and)thirty-five thousand four hundred(and)fifty-two 650,700 six hundred(and)fifty thousand seven hundred 998,616 nine hundred(and)ninety-eight thousand six hundred(and)sixteen 8)”百萬(wàn)”的表示法
“百萬(wàn)”以million為單位.1,000,000 a/one million 2,000,000 two million 3,600,000 three million six hundred thousand 8,964,688 eight million nine hundred(and)sixty-four thousand six hundred(and)eighty-eight 9)”千萬(wàn)”的表示法 10,000,000 ten million 20,000,000 twenty million 96,000,000 ninety-six million 10)”億”的表示法
100,000,000 a/one hundred million 600,000,000 six hundred million 11)”十億”的表示法
1,000,000,000(10億)a/one billion a/one thousand million 2,000,000,000(20億)two billion two thousand million 1000以上的基數(shù)詞,從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào),作為一個(gè)單位,第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為thousand(千),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為million(百萬(wàn)).8,869 eight thousand eight hundred(and)sixty-nine 40,664,820 forty million six hundred(and)sixty-four thousand eight hundred(and)twenty 2.基數(shù)詞的用法 1)作主語(yǔ) 2)作表語(yǔ) 3)作賓語(yǔ) 4)作定語(yǔ) 5)作同位語(yǔ)
hundred,thousand,million在讀數(shù)時(shí)不可加s.4,685 four thousands,six hundreds and eighty-five(誤)four thousand,six hundred and eighty-five(正)hundred,thousand,million修飾名詞,表示具體數(shù)目時(shí),不可加s.這所學(xué)校有600名學(xué)生.There are six hundreds students in the school.(誤)There are six hundred students in the school.(正)hundreds of(幾百),thousands of(幾千),millions of(幾百萬(wàn))等表示泛指,數(shù)量不定,要加s,用復(fù)數(shù)形式.He spent hundreds of dollars on books.他買書花了數(shù)百美元.Thousands of people attended the meeting.數(shù)千人參加了會(huì)議.Millions of workers lost their jobs.數(shù)百萬(wàn)工人失業(yè).The birds came by hundreds.鳥(niǎo)兒成百地出現(xiàn).The novel sold by the millions.這部小說(shuō)銷售以百萬(wàn)計(jì).表示整十的基數(shù)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示人的歲數(shù)或年代.The man is in his thirties.那人有三十多歲.She died in her nineties.她是九十多歲去世的.He went abroad in the eighties.他八十年代出國(guó)去了.in one’s teens(正)十幾歲 in one’s tens(誤)年份用基數(shù)詞表示,通常以”百”為單位來(lái)讀.1956 讀作nineteen(hundred and)fifty-six(hundred and通常要省去)1999 讀作nineteen(hundred and)ninety-nine 但2000年,2001年,2002年等要用thousand.2000 讀作two thousand 2001 讀作two thousand and one 2008 讀作two thousand and eight 2020 讀作two thousand and twenty 三.序數(shù)詞
1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1)第一至第三
英語(yǔ)序數(shù)詞第一至第三各有特殊形式.第一first(縮寫為1st)第二second(縮寫為2nd)第三third(縮寫為3rd)2)第四至第十九
序數(shù)詞第四至第十九都是在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成,發(fā)[θ]音.但第八、第九和第十二的拼寫有變化,應(yīng)特別注意.第四fourth 第五fifth 第六sixth 第七seventh 第八eighth 第九ninth 第十tenth 第十一eleventh 第十二twelfth 第十三thirteenth 第十四fourteenth 第十五fifteenth 第十六sixteenth 第十七seventeenth 第十八eighteenth 第十九nineteenth 3)第二十至第九十
從第二十到第九十表示整十的序數(shù)詞,是把相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾的y改為i,再加-eth.第二十twentieth 第三十thirtieth 第四十fortieth 第五十fiftieth 第六十sixtieth 第七十seventieth 第八十eightieth 第九十ninetieth 4)非整十的多位數(shù)
非整十的多位數(shù),把個(gè)位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞即可,十位數(shù)不變.第二十一twenty-first(21st)第三十二thirty-second(32nd)第四十三forty-third(43rd)第五十四fifty-fourth(54th)第六十五sixty-fifth(65th)第七十六seventy-sixth(76th)第八十七eighty-seventh(87th)第九十八ninety-eighth(98th)第九十九ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(one)hundred and first(101st)第二百八十八two hundred(and)eighty-eighth(288th)第九百七十三nine hundred(and)seventy-third(973rd)第一千零一(one)thouand and first(1,001st)序數(shù)詞的縮寫式是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母組成.5)hundred等的序數(shù)詞
hundred,thousand和million的序數(shù)詞分別為hundredth,thousandth,millionth.第一百(one)hundredth(不可用a)第八百eight hundredth 第一千(one)thousandth 第一萬(wàn)ten thousandth 第十萬(wàn)(one)hundred thousandth 第一百萬(wàn)(one)millionth 2.序數(shù)詞的用法 1)作主語(yǔ) 2)作賓語(yǔ) 3)作表語(yǔ) 4)作定語(yǔ) 5)作同位語(yǔ) 6)作狀語(yǔ)
序數(shù)詞前常要加定冠詞.He will be the first to speak.他將第一個(gè)發(fā)言.The ninth boy is from England.第九個(gè)男孩來(lái)自英國(guó).序數(shù)詞前用了物主代詞或名詞所有格,則不用定冠詞.She is his second wife.她是他的第二個(gè)妻子.It is Lily’s third dictionary.這是莉莉的第三本詞典.表示比賽或考試的名次時(shí),定冠詞常省略.Tom was(the)first in the match.湯姆在比賽中獲得第一名.用作副詞時(shí),不加定冠詞.I first met him in Shanghai.我第一次見(jiàn)到他是在上海.序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)可用不定冠詞,表示”又一,再一”,指在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加,相當(dāng)于another.I’ll read the book a second time.我將把這本書再讀一遍.(已讀過(guò)一遍)He saw a third monkey.他又看見(jiàn)了第三只猴子.(已看見(jiàn)兩只)3.數(shù)詞的各種表達(dá)法
1)章節(jié)、頁(yè)數(shù)、課次、行次、第幾中學(xué)、第幾車間等編號(hào)常用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示,也可用”the+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示.第一章:Chapter One或the first chapter 第二節(jié): Section Two或the second section 第五課: Lesson Five或the fifth lesson 第23頁(yè):page 23或the twenty-third page 第8行: line eight 或the eighth line 第三中學(xué):No.3 Middle School 或the Third Middle School 第二機(jī)械車間: No.2 Machine Shop或the Second Machine Shop 第一次世界大戰(zhàn): World WarⅠ或the First World War 較大的數(shù)字,要用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第608頁(yè): page six o eigth(o讀作[?u])第839頁(yè):page eight three nine或page eight hundred(and)thirty-nine 第2645頁(yè):page two six four five或page twenty-six forty-five 2)房間、門牌等的表示法
房間、門牌、電話號(hào)碼、信箱號(hào)碼、郵政編碼等,用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第236房間:Room(No.)236(讀作room(number)two three six)中山東路66號(hào):(No.)66 East Zhongshan Road 電話號(hào)碼:025-84318988 Telephone number 025-84318988(讀作 o two five eight four three one eight nine eight eigth(或double eight))(在o,two,five之后要稍加停頓)326信箱:P.O.Box 326 郵政編碼:230094 Postcode 230094(讀作:postcode two three o o nine four)33路公共汽車: Bus(No.)33或The No.33 Bus 309班機(jī):Flight Number 309 507航班:Flight Number 507 3)世紀(jì)、年代表示法
年代為四位數(shù)時(shí),各分成二位來(lái)讀.20世紀(jì):the 20th century 21世紀(jì):the 21st century 在50年代:in the fifties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))在90年代:in the nineties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))1990年:nineteen ninety 1998年:nineteen ninety-eight 注意下面年代的讀法: 2000年:(the year)two thousand 2001年:two thousand(and)one 2008年:two thousand(and)eight 2025年:two thousand(and)twenty-five twenty twenty-five 2050年:two thousand(and)fifty twenty fifty 4)日期表示法
日期通常用序數(shù)詞來(lái)讀.5月1日:1(st)May(英式)(讀作the first of May)May 1(st)(美式)(讀作May(the)first/May one)10月5日: 5(th)October(英式)(讀作the fifth of October)October 5(th)(美式)(讀作October(the)fifth/October five)2008年6月28日: 28(th)June,2008(英式)June 28(th),2008(美式)5)公元表示法
“公元”用AD或A.D.表示;”公元前:用BC或B.C.表示.公元6世紀(jì):in the sixth century AD 公元55年:in 55 AD in(the year)AD 55 公元前500年:in(the year)500 BC 6)鐘點(diǎn)表示法
鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞表示.表示整點(diǎn)可加o’clock,口語(yǔ)中常省去.It’s ten o’clock.現(xiàn)在10點(diǎn)鐘.He got up at six(o’clock).他6點(diǎn)鐘起的床.表示”幾點(diǎn)幾分”,在30分鐘之內(nèi),包括30分鐘,用past,結(jié)構(gòu)為:分鐘數(shù)+ past/after +小時(shí).9:10 ten past nine 或nine ten 10:15(a)quarter past ten或ten fifteen 11:30 half past eleven 或eleven thirty 5:25 twenty-five past five或five twenty-five 表示”幾點(diǎn)幾分”,分鐘數(shù)超過(guò)了30分鐘,結(jié)構(gòu)為:到下一鐘點(diǎn)所差分鐘數(shù)+ to/of(美)+下一小時(shí)數(shù).7:40 twenty to eight 或seven forty 9:45(a)quarter to ten或nine forty-five 用a.m.表示”上午”,用p.m.表示”下午”.另外,o’clock不能與a.m.或p.m.連用.四.分?jǐn)?shù)詞
1.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成
分?jǐn)?shù)詞由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.分子大于1時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式.1/2: a/one half 1/3: a/one third 1/5: a/one fifth 1/4:a/one fourth或a/one quarter 2/3: two thirds 3/4: three fourths或three quarters 5/8: five eighths 7/10: seven tenths 1 1/2: one and a half 2 3/4:two and three fourths 分母和分子之間可用連字符,也可不用.2.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的用法
分?jǐn)?shù)詞常同of短語(yǔ)連用,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).五.四則運(yùn)算表示法
加、減、乘、除算式的表示法.2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus six is eight.8+3= ? How much is eight plus three? 10-8=2 Eight from ten leaves two.Ten minus eight is two.4×3=12 Four times three is twelve.16/4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four makes four.六.數(shù)詞的其他用法 1.half的用法
1)half作形容詞意為”一半”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),有兩種結(jié)構(gòu): 結(jié)構(gòu): half a/an +單數(shù)名詞 a half +單數(shù)名詞
半天half a day 半月half a month a half day a half month 半小時(shí)half an hour 半英里half a mile a half hour a half mile 2)half作名詞,常用于half of?結(jié)構(gòu),of??墒∪?但half of后為人稱代詞時(shí),of不可省
一半的工作: half(of)the work 一半的時(shí)間: half(of)the time 一半的書: half(of)the books 一半的房子: half(of)the houses 我們中的一半: half of us 他們中的一半: half of them 3)”一個(gè)半”的表示法如下
一個(gè)半蘋果a/one apple and a half one and a half apples 一個(gè)半小時(shí)a/one hour and a half one and a half hours 2.小數(shù)表示法
小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,小數(shù)點(diǎn)是point,讀作[p?int],”零”是zero,讀作[zi?r?u].0.3 zero point three 0.65 zero point six five 15.96 fifteen point nine six 95.38 ninety-five point three eight 3.百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,在數(shù)字后加percent.5% five percent 30% thirty percent 84% eight-four percent 99% ninety-nine percent 100% one hundred percent 250% two hundred and fifty percent 4.倍數(shù)表示法
1)”增加一倍”用double The price of steel has doubled over the past ten years.鋼的價(jià)格在過(guò)去的十年里增加了一倍.2)”比??大長(zhǎng)??(n-1)倍”用:倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than +被比部分 That house is three times bigger than this one.那所房子比這所房子大兩倍.The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year.汽車的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了三倍.3)”是??的幾倍”用:倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞 + as +被比部分
This factory is four times as big as that one.這個(gè)工廠是那個(gè)工廠的四倍大.She has three times as many books as I have.她的書是我的三倍之多.5.年齡表示法 1)一般說(shuō)法 她13歲.She is thirteen years old.She is thirteen.She is aged thirteen.She is thirteen years of age.2)in one’s +整十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)
“in one’s +整十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示”??多歲了”.Her father is in his thirties.她爸爸三十多歲了.The old woman is in her nineties.這位老奶奶已經(jīng)九十多歲了.3)at the age of at the age of?表示”在??年齡”,常作狀語(yǔ).He went to school at the age of six.他6歲上學(xué).At the age of nineteen,she joined the Party.她19歲入的黨.6.約數(shù)表示法
約數(shù)表示”多于,大約,左右,以上,不足”等意義,常用表示法如下: 多于→over,more than 少于→less than 大約→about,around 將近→almost,nearly 左右→or so 或??以上→or more
或??以下→or less 在??以下→under
The street is over 2,000 metres long.這條大街有2000多米長(zhǎng).He finished his homework in less than an hour.他不到一小時(shí)就做完了作業(yè).There are about 500 books on the bookshelves.書架上大約有500本書.Almost/Nearly one hundred people swam across the river.將近有100人游過(guò)了那條河.The hall can hold 1,000 people or more.這個(gè)大廳能容納1000多人.These toys are for children under five.這些玩具是給5歲以下兒童玩的.It will take them four of five days to walk out of the forest.他們要花四五天時(shí)間才能走出森林.The city has changed a lot in the past ten years or so.在過(guò)去十年左右的時(shí)間里,這座城市發(fā)生了很大變化.
第二篇:漢語(yǔ)數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)
漢語(yǔ)數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)?
——漢語(yǔ)數(shù)詞表數(shù)功能研究之一
譚汝為
“年方三五”“二八佳人”,是說(shuō)女子15歲和16歲。漢語(yǔ)雙音節(jié)數(shù)詞表示倍數(shù),典型地體現(xiàn)在以二數(shù)之積表述具體年齡的功能上,如:
(1)年時(shí)二七猶未笄,轉(zhuǎn)顧流眄鬟鬢低。..(南朝陳·陳叔寶《東飛伯勞歌》;“二七”指14歲。)
(2)可憐女兒三五許,豐茸惜是一園花。..(唐·王翰《飛燕篇》;“三五”指15歲。)
(3)二八佳人細(xì)馬馱,十千美酒渭城歌。..(宋·蘇軾《李鈐轄坐上分題戴花》;“二八”指16歲。)
(4)以年歲計(jì)之,是女尚二九未足。..(浩歌子《螢窗異草·宜織》,“二九”指18歲。)
(5)少年年幾方三六,含嬌聚態(tài)傾人目。..(南朝梁·蕭綱《東飛伯勞歌》;“三六”指18歲)
(6)三六前年暮,四五今年朝。..(南朝齊·蕭子顯《日出東南隅》;“四五”指20歲。)
(7)二八登科標(biāo)名早,三七入試舉孝廉。..(明·無(wú)名氏《繡香囊》彈詞;“三七”指21歲。)(8)茅廬相顧心相知,先生爾時(shí)年三九。..(明·羅貫中《三國(guó)演義》38回;“三九”指27歲。)
(9)(女子)四七筋骨堅(jiān),發(fā)極長(zhǎng),身體盛壯。..(《素問(wèn)·上古天真論》;“四七”指28歲。)
(10)女子二七天癸至,七七天癸絕,其常也。..(同上;“二七”指14歲,“七七”指49歲。)
(11)男子不過(guò)盡八八,女子不過(guò)盡七七,而天地之精氣皆竭矣。..(同上;“八八”指64歲;“七七”指49歲。)(12)鶴發(fā)初開(kāi)九九年,東西雙鳳集庭前。..(元·袁桷《孟都事母八十》);“九九”指81歲。)
除表述年齡外,這種表示倍數(shù)的雙音節(jié)數(shù)詞還用于指其他事物,如:
(13)迎珠履之三千,列金釵之二六。..(唐·高道素《上元賦》;“二六”指十二金釵。)
(14)劉楨魯都賦,素秋二七,天漢指隅,人胥祓除。..(《宋書·禮志》;“二七”指七月十四日。)
(15)三五二八月如練,海上天涯應(yīng)共見(jiàn)。....(唐·權(quán)德輿《秋閨月》;“三五二八”指農(nóng)歷十五、十六兩天。)
(16)竊弄神器,歷載三六偷安天位。..(漢·張衡《東京賦》;“三六”指王莽篡位18年。)
(17)溫舒從祖父受歷數(shù)天文,以為漢厄三七之間。..(《漢書·路溫舒?zhèn)鳌?;“三七”指漢朝運(yùn)祚的限度。)
(18)四七之期必盡,百六之?dāng)?shù)溘屯。..(《北齊書·文苑傳·顏之推》;“四七”指北齊運(yùn)祚的限度。)
(19)金容掩色,不鏡三千之光;麗像開(kāi)圖,空端四八之相。..(明·吳承恩《西游記》100回;“四八”指佛教說(shuō)法:佛的化相有32種。)
(20)老臣顧國(guó)家同祚于軒轅之五五,而未及周文之二五,用為伊邑。..(《三國(guó)志·魏書·王朗傳》;“五五”指黃帝有子25人。)
(21)六六雁行連八九,只等金雞消息。....(明·施耐庵《水滸傳》72回;“六六”“八九”分別指36天罡和72地煞,共有108座星宿,即借指梁山英雄108將)
(22)結(jié)發(fā)念善事,勖勉六九年。..(晉·陶淵明《怨詩(shī)楚調(diào)示龐主簿鄧治中》;“六九”指54年。)(23)逮追八九之跡,永垂億萬(wàn)之年。..(宋·楊億《賀幸河北起居表》;“八九”指古代封禪者72家。)
我們總結(jié)一下:二數(shù)連用,以其積表示倍數(shù),有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn):
1.兩個(gè)數(shù)詞往往為不相鄰的個(gè)位數(shù)。前數(shù)小,表示幾倍;后數(shù)大,表示基數(shù)。
2.所表示的數(shù)(即兩數(shù)之積)只能是合數(shù),而質(zhì)數(shù)(13、17、19、23、29、31等)不能用此法表示。
3.以二數(shù)之積表述年齡多見(jiàn)于詩(shī)詞、戲曲、小說(shuō)等文藝性作品,而在經(jīng)、史、子等典籍中較為罕見(jiàn)。
第三篇:英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞記憶口訣
英語(yǔ)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的記憶規(guī)律表
英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞基和序,基表幾個(gè)序第幾。一至十二形各異,一個(gè)一個(gè)單獨(dú)記。
后面加teen變十幾, thirteen, fifteen看仔細(xì),eighteen eighty只有一個(gè)t,幾十后面加ty,twenty不同重點(diǎn)記。forty沒(méi)有字母u,thirty, fifty更出奇。十位數(shù)后個(gè)位數(shù),表示數(shù)值幾十幾,若要表達(dá)幾十幾,幾十短橫1到9。(如果要表示幾十幾,在幾十后加短橫后再添1到9,如twenty-one)
One hundred一百記,若表幾百幾十幾。(到了一百就是One hundred,那么若我們要表示幾百幾十幾呢)
幾百and幾十幾,一千以上加逗號(hào)(如:one hundred and twenty-three,表示一千以上,每進(jìn)三位用逗號(hào)分隔)
個(gè)位向前三位斷,千、百萬(wàn)、十億算(從個(gè)位往前每三位都分?jǐn)嚅_(kāi),逗號(hào)前的單位是千、百萬(wàn)、十億)
然后一段一段看,基數(shù)規(guī)律上述鉆。(如123,456讀作 one hundred and twenty-three thousand four hundred and fifty-six)
one 1 eleven 11 two 2 twelve 12 twenty 20 twenty-one 21 three 3 thirteen 13 thirty 30 thirty-two 32 four 4 fourteen 14 forty 40 forty-three 43 five 5 fifteen 15 fifty 50 fifty-four 54 six 6 sixteen 16 sixty 60 sixty-five 65 seven 7 seventeen 17 seventy 70 seventy-six 76 eight 8 eighteen 18 eighty 80 eighty-seven 87 nine 9 nineteen 19 ninety 90 ninety-eight 98 ten 10 one hundred and eight 108 three hundred and ninety-five 395
基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞
初中英語(yǔ)基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣 基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾都加“th”(fourth,sixth); 一二三,特殊記,詞尾字母“t d d”(first,second,third); 八省“t”,九去“e”,(eighth,ninth)“ve”結(jié)尾“f”替,(fifth,twelfth)單詞“ty”作結(jié)尾,“ty”變成“tie”,要是遇到幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以
one 1
first
eleven
eleventh
two 2
second
twelve
twelfth
twenty 20
twentieth three 3
third
thirteen 13
thirteenth
thirty 30
thirtieth four 4
fourth
fourteen 14
fourteenth
forty 40
fortieth five 5
fifth
fifteen
fifteenth
fifty 50
fiftieth
six 6
sixth
sixteen 16
sixteenth
sixty 60
sixtieth seven 7
seventh
seventeen17
seventeenth
seventy 70
seventieth eight 8
eighth
eighteen 18
eighteenth
eighty 80
eightieth nine 9
ninth
nineteen 19
nineteenth
ninety 90
ninetieth ten 10
twenty-one 21 thirty-two
forty-three
fifty-four
sixty-five
seventy-six 76 eighty-seven 87 ninety-eight 98 twenty-first thirty-second forty-third fifty-fourth sixty-fifth seventy-sixth eighty-seventh ninety-eighth
第四篇:英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容 數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
二.知識(shí)歸納與總結(jié)
A.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
(一)數(shù)詞的分類:
表示數(shù)目多少或順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。
表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞。one,two
表示順序次第的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。the first(第一)、the second(第二)
(二)數(shù)詞的用法:
1.作主語(yǔ)
Thirty of them are Party members.他們之中的三十人是黨員。
2.作賓語(yǔ)
Please pass me the second.請(qǐng)遞給我第二個(gè)。
3.作定語(yǔ)
The nine boys are from Tianjin.這九個(gè)男孩子是天津人。
4.作表語(yǔ)
Six plus four is ten.六加四等于十。
5.作同位語(yǔ)(只限基數(shù)詞)
We four will go with you.我們四個(gè)人將和你一起去。
B.用法總結(jié)
(一)基數(shù)詞的表示方法:
1.1-12 的基數(shù)詞:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19的基數(shù)詞,在個(gè)位數(shù)上加后綴-teen構(gòu)成,并有兩個(gè)重音。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90等十位數(shù)由2-9 加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21-29由十位數(shù)20加個(gè)位數(shù)1-9 構(gòu)成,十位和個(gè)位之間加連字符號(hào)“-”,其他十位數(shù)以此類推。twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight
5.多位數(shù)的讀法
① 從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”;第一個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為thousand(千),第二個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為million(百萬(wàn))……,然后再逐段表達(dá)。
② 三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and。
45,632,798 讀作
forty-five million, six hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-eight
(二)序數(shù)詞的表示方法:
序數(shù)詞 = 基數(shù)詞+th,但以下幾個(gè)特殊:
one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, a hundred-a hundredth
(三)倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法:
1.倍數(shù):time(s)
This room is three times as large as that one.這個(gè)房間有那個(gè)房間三個(gè)大。
Three threes are nine.or Three times three is nine.三三得九。
2.分?jǐn)?shù):
分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示,分子為2以上時(shí),分母(序數(shù)詞)應(yīng)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
三分之一,one third, a third; 五分之三,three fifths
數(shù)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)由of 后面的名詞來(lái)決定,名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A third of the land is covered by forests.Two thirds of the workers are working hard.3.小數(shù):
小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面則須將數(shù)字一一讀出。
1.25 讀作 one point two five
0.56 讀作naught point five six或zero point five six
4.百分?jǐn)?shù):
百分號(hào)%讀作 percent
eg.5% 讀作 five percent
(四)算式表達(dá)法:
1.加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C.or A and B is C.2.減法
A-B=C →A minus B is C.or B from A is C.3.乘法
A×B=C → A times B is C.or A multiplied by B is C.4.除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.5.大于
A>B → A is more than B.6.小于
A
(五)常見(jiàn)數(shù)詞的表示法及讀法
1.章節(jié)、頁(yè)數(shù)的讀法
第一章:the first chapter;Chapter One
第二節(jié):the second section;Section Two
第三課:the third lesson;Lesson Three
第463頁(yè):page four six three
第2564頁(yè):page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four
注意:如果頁(yè)碼的數(shù)字較長(zhǎng),通常用基數(shù)詞。
2.房間、門牌、電話號(hào)碼的讀法
第305房間:Room three o(零)five
長(zhǎng)安街76號(hào):seventy-six Chang'an Street
電話號(hào)碼:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two)four four
十一路公共汽車:Bus(No.)eleven
3.年代、日期、時(shí)刻的讀法
(1)年份是四位數(shù)字時(shí),各分成二位來(lái)讀,eg.公元1995年:1995(=nineteen ninety-five)
(2)日期使用一般的序數(shù)詞來(lái)讀取
eg.5月10日:May 10th(=May tenth)
(3)時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞來(lái)讀
eg.8點(diǎn)45分:8: 45(=eight forty-five)
(4)年代表示法:
eg.二十世紀(jì)九十年代:1990's nineteen nineties
4.hundred, thousand, million用法:
hundred, thousand, million前面有具體數(shù)字,要用單數(shù)形式,但如果它們后面有of,那它們要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,同時(shí),前面不能再加具體的數(shù)目。
eg.two thousand 兩千 thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)
Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上萬(wàn)的人參觀了這座城市。
(六)需注意的問(wèn)題:
1.數(shù)詞+名詞用“-”連在一起作定語(yǔ),后面名詞不用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg.a four-year-old boy
2.有些結(jié)構(gòu)既有基數(shù)詞又有序數(shù)詞。
eg.the first three questions
the last five minutes
3.英語(yǔ)中有一些短語(yǔ)包含數(shù)詞,不能從表面上理解它們的意義
eg.one and the only 唯一 be at one with 與… 一致
be on all fours 匍匐;趴
Two's company, three is a crowd 二人成伴,三人不歡
one and the same 同一個(gè);完全一樣 for one 舉個(gè)例子說(shuō)
ten to one 十之八九 a thousand to one 十之八九
talk nineteen to the dozen 滔滔不絕 by twos and threes 三三兩兩
in ones and twos 三三兩兩 first and last 總共
first of all 首先 from the first 從一開(kāi)始
......
第五篇:英語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)特殊數(shù)詞的用法小結(jié)
英語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)特殊數(shù)詞的用法小結(jié)
石廣銀
湖南懷化廣播電視大學(xué) 湖南 懷化 418000 【摘 要】英語(yǔ)的數(shù)詞除基數(shù)詞外,還有dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion, trillion七個(gè)。它們除了表達(dá)基本的數(shù)目和順序外,還有一些特殊用法,涉及到用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù),與不與介詞連用,與不與定冠詞the連用等,本文對(duì)它們的用法作七點(diǎn)分析總結(jié)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】特殊數(shù)詞、用法、總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)的數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞one至 nineteen, 以及twenty至ninety組成,共二十七個(gè)。除了這二十七個(gè)基數(shù)詞外,還有七個(gè)表示整數(shù)的特殊數(shù)詞,它們分別是dozen(十二),score(二十), hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百萬(wàn)), billion(【美國(guó)、法國(guó)】十億 ,【英國(guó)、德國(guó)】萬(wàn)億), trillion(【英】百萬(wàn)兆,一百萬(wàn)的三次冪,【美】萬(wàn)億,兆,一千的四次冪)。稱這七個(gè)數(shù)詞為特殊數(shù)詞,是因?yàn)樗鼈兂吮磉_(dá)基本的數(shù)目和順序外,還有一些特殊用法,涉及到用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù),與不與介詞連用,與不與定冠詞the連用等,本文對(duì)它們的用法作七點(diǎn)分析總結(jié)。這七個(gè)詞中,billion和trillion用法與其它五個(gè)詞相同,但很少用,故本文不為它們舉例。
1.當(dāng)它們表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量、修飾名詞時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)(但名詞要用復(fù)數(shù),且可以承前文省略),也不和定冠詞the及介詞of連用,基本句型為:數(shù)詞+特殊數(shù)詞單數(shù)(+描繪性形容詞)+名詞。如:
He had come half a dozen times to call upon his sister.他來(lái)看望他姐姐已有六七次了。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.(亞伯拉罕·林肯,葛底斯堡演講)八十七年前,我們的先輩在這個(gè)大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新的國(guó)家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生來(lái)平等的原則。I can give you a hundred reasons for not going.我可以給你列出一百條不去的理由。
About three million workers were on strike.大約有三百萬(wàn)工人參加了罷工。
He was prepared to pay two million(dollars).他愿意支付200萬(wàn)(美元)。
2.當(dāng)它們不表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量,而是形容很多時(shí),需用復(fù)數(shù),且要與介詞of連用,有時(shí)還與另一個(gè)或幾個(gè)特殊數(shù)詞重疊,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,被修飾的名詞不與定冠詞the連用,基本句型為:特殊數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)(+另一個(gè)或幾個(gè)特殊數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù))+of+名詞。如:
He planned to buy dozens of reference books.他計(jì)劃買幾十本參考書。I've seen this phenomenon hundreds of times.這種現(xiàn)象我看見(jiàn)了好幾百次。
The sun was shining.Thousands of people were lying on the beach.陽(yáng)光燦爛,數(shù)以千計(jì)的人躺在海灘上。
She won the lawsuit and received millions of dollars in compensation.她贏了這個(gè)官司,獲得了幾百萬(wàn)美元的賠償。
The city subways carry hundreds of thousands of passengers a day.市內(nèi)的地下鐵每天運(yùn)載數(shù)十萬(wàn)乘客。
Hundreds of millions of people across the world held their breath.Each one was anxiously watching a tiny robot on their TV screen.全世界數(shù)億人都屏住呼吸,焦急地注視著電視屏幕里的微型機(jī)器人。
這些不具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量前還可以加上a few, some, several,many等不具體、確定的形容詞。如:
several dozens of port wine 數(shù)十瓶葡萄酒 some scores of volunteers 幾十名志愿者 some thousands of books 幾千本書
Several hundreds of people gathered in front of the hall,waiting for the president to meet them.好幾百人聚集在大廳里等候總統(tǒng)的接見(jiàn)。
Why some millions of Californians choose not to prepare for disaster?數(shù)百萬(wàn)加州人為什么選擇不作防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備?
3.當(dāng)它們表示某個(gè)整體中的部分?jǐn)?shù)字時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù),且后面緊跟of+the或these, those,my, our等限定詞引導(dǎo)的該整體,基本句型為:數(shù)詞+特殊數(shù)詞單數(shù)+of+the/these/those, etc.+(描繪性形容詞+)名詞。如:
I want three dozen of these eggs.這些雞蛋我要三打。(這些雞蛋不止三打)
About three hundred of the students in our school will graduate this summer.我校學(xué)生約有300人將于今年夏季畢業(yè)。(我校學(xué)生不止300)
Half a thousand of our employees are college graduates.我廠的員工有五百都是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。(五百員工是我廠員工中的一部分)
Many millions of Indian women are married against their wills.數(shù)百萬(wàn)印度女性被違心嫁人。(數(shù)百萬(wàn)是印度婦女中的少數(shù))
4.dozen,score,hundred等還常與by,偶爾也與in等介詞連用,構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ),表示以某數(shù)為批量,用特殊數(shù)詞單數(shù),若是形容很多,特殊數(shù)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
We buy tea by the pound, cloth by the yard and eggs by the dozen.我們買茶葉以磅計(jì), 買布以碼計(jì),買蛋以打計(jì)。
The shop sells 2B pencils by the long dozen.這家商店的2B鉛筆賣一打送一支。
We were monthly losing ships, including valuable tankers, by the score.我們每月?lián)p失的船只, 包括昂貴的油船,以數(shù)十計(jì)。
The allied warplanes bombed the country by the hundred.盟軍數(shù)以百計(jì)的飛機(jī)轟炸了那個(gè)國(guó)家。
The ants arrived at the picnic by the hundreds.成群的螞蟻來(lái)到野餐的地方。
Our candidate will rake in votes by the thousand.我們的候選人將會(huì)得到上千張選票。
Books are being scanned into digital form by the thousands.成千上 3 萬(wàn)冊(cè)圖書正在被掃描成數(shù)字格式。
They came in thousands.他們成千上萬(wàn)地涌來(lái)。
5.有時(shí)在上下文意思很明顯的情況下,這些特殊數(shù)詞可直接代替它們所修飾的名詞,這時(shí)它們都要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Of the apples we bought yesterday, more than three dozens were rotten.在我們昨天買的蘋果里,有二十多個(gè)都爛掉了。(three dozens=three dozens of the apples)
The US embassy slammed the ‘horrific’ Nigerian massacre where hundreds were killed.美國(guó)大使館強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)造成數(shù)百人死亡的尼日尼亞大屠殺。(hundreds=hundreds of people)
The government has decided to invest eight hundred millions in the project.(eight hundred millions=eight hundred million yuan or dollars)政府已決定在該項(xiàng)目上投資8個(gè)億。
6.受some這個(gè)單詞意義的影響,它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式和單數(shù)形式意義有所不同。如:
There are eighty thousand books in our school library.And I have read some hundred of them.我校圖書館有8萬(wàn)冊(cè)藏書,我已讀了大約一百本。(some=about)
There are eighty thousand books in our school library.And I have read some hundreds of them.我校圖書館有8萬(wàn)冊(cè)藏書,我已讀了幾百本。(some=several)
Some two thousand years ago,in a river in ancient India,there was a pond full of fish.約兩千多年前,古印度有一條小河,其中有個(gè)滿是魚兒的水塘。(some=about)
These college students have presented some thousands of books to the left-behind children in our village in the last four years.這些大學(xué)生在過(guò)去的四年里已為我鄉(xiāng)的留守兒童捐贈(zèng)圖書幾千冊(cè)了。
7.dozen和score可組成較多的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),而hundred,thousand,million,billion和trillion則比較少見(jiàn),在此不贅述。Dozen和score的主要搭配如下:
dozen:
dozens of 很多;許多
a dime a dozen多得很;不稀罕;不值錢
a baker's(devil's, printer's, long)dozen十三個(gè) dozens of times 屢次;多次
talk thirteen(nineteen)to the dozen 喋喋不休;說(shuō)個(gè)不停 six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八兩;毫無(wú)區(qū)別score:
go off at full score(馬)突然向前猛沖;(人)突然開(kāi)始講或作have an old score to settle with跟……有舊怨 make a score off駁倒……;說(shuō)得無(wú)話可說(shuō)
make a score off one's own bat獨(dú)立做;自力更生 on a new score重新
on more scores than one由于許多原因 on that score因此;在那一點(diǎn)上 on the same score用同樣的理由 on the score of因?yàn)?;為?/p>
pay(wipe)off a score付清欠賬;還清債務(wù)
pay off old scores=to quit the scores報(bào)宿怨;雪舊恨 quit score with跟……結(jié)清前賬;向……報(bào)復(fù) run up scores at對(duì)……負(fù)債累累 know the score知道事實(shí)真相;精通世故
——正文完——
主要參考文獻(xiàn):
1. 霍恩比,《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》,牛津大學(xué)出版社、商務(wù)印書館,1997年第四版 2. 張道真、溫志達(dá),英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(上),1998年第一版 3. 新東方英語(yǔ)句庫(kù):
http://tool.xdf.cn/juku/search_hundreds_18.html 4. 可可英語(yǔ)網(wǎng):hundred, thousand和million的用法說(shuō)明 http://
5. 恒星英語(yǔ)網(wǎng):dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million用法要點(diǎn) http:// 6