第一篇:英語中表示否定的前綴小結(jié)
否定前綴
英語中有許多表示否定的前綴,主要有dis-in-im-il-ir-un-mis-non-dis-de-anti-counter-等,它們分別用在那些詞上呢,有那些區(qū)別呢?
dis-主要加在名詞、形容詞,動詞之前,dis-為否定前綴的詞有:disadvantage缺點、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意等;
in-常加在形容詞,名詞之前,如incorrect不正確的、inability無能 無力、inaccurate不準(zhǔn)確的等;
im-加在字母m,b,p之前,這樣的詞有impossible不順能的、impolite不禮貌的、impudence厚顏無恥;
il-主要加在以1開頭的單詞的前邊,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的 沒有文化的、illogical不合邏輯的;
ir-放在以r開頭的英語單詞前面,比如:irregular不穩(wěn)定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解決的;
un-主要放于名詞,形容詞,副詞前面,常見的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted無疑的、unemployment失業(yè);
non-加在形容詞、名詞前,這樣以non-為否定前綴的詞有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非電的;
而mis-加在動詞、名詞前,例詞misunderstand誤解、misjudge誤判、misleading誤導(dǎo)、misfortune不幸;
dis-加在動詞之前,例詞有disappear消失、disarm解除武裝、disconnect失去聯(lián)系; de-加在名詞、形容詞前,常見的例詞有demobilize遣散 使…復(fù)員、decolor 脫色 漂白; anti-加在名詞、形容詞前邊。最常見的是anti-Japanese抗 RI 戰(zhàn)爭、anti-social厭惡社會的 反社---會的、antidite解毒的藥;
最后一個counter-加在名詞、動詞前,例如:counterattack反攻 反擊、counteract抵抗阻礙、counterrevolution反革-----命。
第二篇:英語前綴小結(jié)
一、前綴
a 不,無,非acentric adj.離心的,無中心的;在...,...的;加強意義 aside
adv,在旁邊,到旁邊
ab,abs 相反,變壞,離去 abuse濫用
ab,ac,ad,af,ag,an,ap,ar,as,at 加在同輔音字母的詞根前,表示“一再”等加強意 比如 accelerate 加速
aer空氣,充氣 aerial 空中的,架空的
amphi 兩,雙
amphibiology n.兩棲生物學(xué),amphibian n.[脊椎] 兩棲動物;水陸兩用飛機; 具有雙重性格的人 adj.兩棲類的;[車輛] 水陸兩用的; 具有雙重性格的
an 無、不 annoynmous adj.匿名的,無名的;無個性特征的 anarchism n.無政府主義 anharmonic adj.不和諧的,非調(diào)和的;
加強或引申意義 annotatevi.注釋,給?作注釋或評注 vt.注釋,作注解
ante 前、先 anteroom n.前廳;接待室;候見室 anti 反對、相反、防止 antiwar adj.反對戰(zhàn)爭的 apo-離開(亦作ap-)apology auto-自己、自動 autorotation n.自動旋轉(zhuǎn) autobiography n.自傳;自傳文學(xué) art 技巧,關(guān)節(jié),詭計 artificial 人工的,人為的 be ①使?使成為? belittle,becalm,benumb②加以?飾以?用?(做某事)bepowder,becloud③在 beside,below,before,behind④表示加強及引申意義 belaud,besiege,bemoan bene-善、好 benevolent,beneficent bi-兩,二bilingual,bilateral,bicycle by-旁、側(cè)、非正式、副 byroad,bywork,byname circum 周圍、環(huán)繞 circumplanetary,circumsolar co-共同 cooperation,coagent,comate col,cor 在同輔音詞根前,表示“共同” colleague n,同事,同僚 com,con 共同;加強意,引申意 combine v,結(jié)合,聯(lián)合 contra 相反 contrary adj,相反的
cor 加強或引申意義 correct,/corrupt,corrival counter-反對、相反 counterattack,counteroffensive de 去掉,變壞,離開,變慢,向下;使...成為,加強 deduct vt,扣除,減去 dec 十 decade n,十年,十年期 deca十decameter,decagram deci十分之一 decilitre demi-半demigod,demilune di 兩個,雙;使...變成,分開,離開(分開)divide v,分,分開 dia-貫穿、對穿、穿過、透過diameter,diathermal dif-分開、否定、不diffluence,differ,diffuse dis 不,消失掉;分開分離 dismiss vt,解雇,解散
[注] dis-有時也作di-divert/digress/divorce dys-不良、惡、困難dysfunction,dysphonia e ①加強或引申意義,使? evaluate,evaporate②出、外 eject,erupt,emigrate,emerge,evade③除去 eradicate ef-出、離去effluence ed 吃 edible adj.可以吃的,可食用的 em ①表示“置于?之內(nèi)”、“上?” embay,embed②表示“用?做某事”、“飾以?”、“配以?” embalm,embar③表示“使成某種狀態(tài)”、“致使?”、“使之如?”、“作成?” embody,empower en①表示“置于?之中”、“登上?”、“使上?” encase,encage,enroll②表示“用?來做某事”、“飾以?”、“配以? ” entrap,enchain,encloud③表示“ 使成某種狀態(tài)”、“ 致使? ”、“ 使之如? ”、“ 作成? ” enlarge,endanger,enrage,enrich④加在動詞之前,表示“in ”,或只作加強 意義 enclose,entrust,entangle endo 內(nèi) endoparasite ennea 九 enneagon eu 優(yōu)、善、好 euphonic ex①出、外、由?中弄出 export,expose,exhume,expel②前任的、以前的 ex-president③表示“使?”、“做?”,或做加強意義 exalt,exaggerate exo 外、外部 exogamy,exosphere extra 以外、超過extraordinary,extrasolar fabric 制作 fabricate vt.捏造,編造;建造,制造 fac 1,臉,面 2,制作 facile adj.容易做的,膚淺的 feas 制作 feasible adj.可行的,可能的 fore 前 forehead n,前部,前額 hecto 百 hectowatto hemi 半 hemisphere hepta七(在元音前作hept-)heptarchy hetero 異 heterosexual hexa六(在元音前作hex-)houm,holocrystalline homo同homosexual,homophone,homograph hyper超過、過多、太甚hypersexua,/hypermilitant hypo下、低、次、少hypotension il 用在 l 之前①不、無、非 illegal,illiterate②加強或引申意義 illustrate im-(用在b, m, p 之前)①不、無、非 imbalance,immortal,impossible②向內(nèi)、入 imbibe,immerge③加強意義,或表示“使成?”、“飾以?”、“ 加以?” impel,impulse,impassion in-①不、無、非 inglorious,insensible ②內(nèi)、入 inside,inject③加強意義, 或表示“使?”、“作?” inflame,incurve infra-下、低 infrastructure,infrasound inter-①在?之間、?際 international ②互相 intercourse,interview intra-在內(nèi)、內(nèi)部intraparty intro-向內(nèi)、入內(nèi)introduce,intromit ir-(用在r 之前)①不、無 irristable,irresolute,irrelative②向 內(nèi)、入 irrigate,irruption iso-等、同 isomorph,isotherm kilo-千 kilogram macro 宏、大 macroworld n.宏觀世界, macroeconomics 宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)macroscale大規(guī)模 magn 大 magnificent adj.壯麗的,華麗的 mal-惡、不良、失、不(亦作male-)maltreat,malediction meta-①超 metaphysical②變化
metagenesis milli-(亦作mill-與 mille-)①千分之
一、毫 millimeter②千 millennial,millipede mis-誤、錯、惡、不 misspell,misuse,misdoing,mistrust mono-單
一、獨(在元音前作mon-)
monarch,monoxide micro,mini 小 microscope n.顯微鏡 multi 多 multiple 多重的,多樣的
ne 其變體n置于元音前表示否定 never,neither neo-新 neogamist,neonatal,neolithic non-①不 nonaligned②非 nonage③無nonelastic ob 逆反 obscene octa-(亦作octo-與 oct-)octolateral,octavalent omni-全、都、公、都 omnipotent,omniform op 相反 oppose vt.反對,反抗
out-①超過、勝過 outnumber②過度、太甚 outspend③外、出 outdoor④除去 outroot over-①過度、太甚 overpraise ②在上、在外、從上、越過 oversea,overleap,overlook③顛倒、反轉(zhuǎn) overthrow paleo-古、舊
paleobotany,paleolithic pan-全、泛 pantheism,pantropical para-①半、類似、準(zhǔn) parareligious②輔助、副 paralegal,paramedic③旁、靠近、外 parasite,parabiosphere④錯誤、偽 paraphasia⑤防、避開、保護 parasol,parachute,parabomb ped 1,足,腳 2,兒童 3,教育 biped 兩足動物 pedagogy 教育學(xué),教學(xué)法 pen-(=almost)幾乎、相近、相似、不 完全是、差不多(亦作pene-)
peninsular,penultimate penta-五(在元音前作pent-)pentagon,pentarchy per 貫穿,自始至終;假,壞 persist.vi堅持,持續(xù)
peri-周圍、外層、靠近perigee,perihelion,perilune,periastron pli 1,重疊,重復(fù) 2,折 3,彎explicit 詳述的,明確的,明晰的;直言的,露骨的
plic ploit重疊 duplicate n.完全一樣的東西,復(fù)制品 adj.完全一樣的,復(fù)制的 vt.復(fù)制,復(fù)印,重復(fù) exploit(把重疊之物展開)利用 poly-多polycrystal post-后postwar,postpone,postnatal pre...前的,預(yù)先 previous adj.先,前,以前的 prim 第一,主要的 prime adj.首要的,最好的
pro 向前,在前;很多;贊同;親...proceed vi.行進,前進 proto-原始prototype,protocontinent pseudo-假(在元音前做pesud-)pseudomyopia,pseudopregnance quradri-四(亦作quadru-,在元音前作 quadr-)quadrilingual,quadruped quasi-類似、準(zhǔn)、半quasi-sovereign quinque-五(在元音前作quinqu-)quinquennial re向后,相反,不;一再,重新 renew v.重新開始,繼續(xù) retro 向后 retrograde v.后退,倒退 se 分開 separate v.分開,隔離 semi-半semiliterate,semicircle sept-七(亦作septi-及septem-)septangle sex-六(亦作sexi-)sexfoil,sextuple Sino-中國sinology,sinomania,sino-American spir 呼吸,精神 expire vi.期滿,(期限)終止;斷氣,死亡
step 后、繼、后父或后母所生的,前 妻或前夫所生的 stepfather,stepsister stereo-立體 stereogram sting,stinct刺,引申為火焰 extinguish vt.滅火 extinct adj.滅絕的,絕種的
sub-①下 subway,submarine,subglacial②次、亞、準(zhǔn) subtropics,subfamily③稍、略、微 subacute,subarid④副、分支、下級 subhead,subbranch ⑤接近subarctic,subequatorial⑥更近一層、再 subdivide,subtenant ⑦用于化學(xué)名詞前,表示化合物成分含量 少的 suboxide suf 下面 suffice v.足夠,有能力 super-①超、超級 supersecret ②上 superaquous,superterrene ③過度、過多 supersaturate supra-超、上supramolecular下面
sup 在...下面;超過,在??上面 supplicant adj.哀求的,懇求的 ;surrender sur 在...下面 surrender.放棄,投降 sus 在...下面 sustain v.支撐,維持
sym-共同、相同sympathy,symmetry,symbiosis syn-共同、相同 synchronous,synonym,synthesis tetra-四(在元音前作tetr-)tetraoxide trans 交換 transport v.運輸,傳送 tri 三 triangle n.三角形
twi-
二、兩 twiformed,twofold ultra-①極端 ultrapure,ultrathin ②超、以外 ultrasonic,ultrared un 不 unfair adj.不公平的 ①下 underlay ②內(nèi)(用于衣服)underwear③不足、少 underdress④副、次 underagent under-①下 underlay②內(nèi)(用于衣服)underwear③不足、少 underdress④副、次 underagent uni 單一 uniform adj.統(tǒng)一的,一致的 vice-副vice-principal with 向后 withdraw v.收回,撤銷
二、詞根
acu 尖,酸,痛 acute adj.嚴(yán)重的,急性的,敏銳的;精明的 acupuncture n.針灸 aesthet 感覺 aesthetic adj.美學(xué)的,審美的;悅目的,雅致的 ag,act 做,驅(qū)動 agent代理人 active活 動的,積極的 agr 農(nóng)田 agriculture農(nóng)業(yè) agrarian田地的alt 高 altitude n.海拔
alter 其它的,改變狀態(tài) alternate adj.交替的,輪流的 am 愛,親愛 amicable友善的 amiable 和藹可親的
ampl 1.=take/procure,表示“拿,獲得,拿走后[變空]”;2.=large,表示“大”(s=se+ample=ampl拿,獲得,拿走后[變空]→分開 拿出→標(biāo)本)
ana 分開 analogy 類比,類推 analyse 分析,分解
anim 心靈,精神,生命 animal動物 animate有生命的ann,enn 年 annual一年的 centennial 一世紀(jì)的 arbitr 判斷 arbitray adj.隨心所欲的,獨斷的
archy 統(tǒng)治者,統(tǒng)治,主要的 anarchy 無政府狀態(tài) art 技巧,關(guān)節(jié),詭計 artificial adj.人工的,人為的 astro 星 astronomy天文學(xué) astronaut宇 宙航行員 audi 聽 audience聽眾 audible聽得見的
avi 渴望;鳥 aviation n.航空,航空學(xué);飛機制造業(yè) bat 打 combat n.戰(zhàn)爭,斗爭
bell 戰(zhàn)爭 rebellion反叛,反抗 bellicose好戰(zhàn)的bene 善,好 benefit vi.有益于,得益 biblo 書 bibliography n.參考書目
bio 生命,生物 biology生物學(xué) antibiotic抗生的,抗生素 brev 短 brevity 簡短 abbreviate縮短,節(jié)略 brilli 發(fā)光 brilliant adj.光輝的,卓越的 calc 石灰 calcium n.鈣
cap(t),cep(t),ceive,cip 拿,抓,握住 capture vt.捕獲,俘獲 card,cord 心臟,一致 accord 一致 cav 洞 excavate vt.挖出,掘出
cede 走 precedent先行的,在前的 precede先行
ceive 抓,抓住 conceive vt.構(gòu)想,懷孕 celer 速度 accelerate 加速
cent 1,百,百分之一 centimeter厘米 centigrade百分度的 2,歌,唱 incent(in+cent)把激情唱進去――刺激,鼓勵
center,centr 中心 concentrate集中 centrifugal離心力的cept 拿,抓住,握住 except v.除外 cern 區(qū)別 discern cert 搞清,區(qū)別 certify vt.證明,證實
cid 落下,引申為 偶然發(fā)生之意 incident n.發(fā)生的事,事件 cide,cis 殺,切suicide自殺 bactericide殺菌劑 claim,clam 叫喊 exclaim驚叫 proclaim 宣布,宣告
cip 抓,拿 recipient n.接受者,接收者 circ 環(huán)繞 circuit n.電路,環(huán)形
cit 1,引起,喚起2,公民 cite,excite;citizen claim 喊 exclaim vi.呼喊,驚叫
clar 清楚,明白 declare表明,聲明 clarify講清楚 clin 傾斜 incline vt.使傾斜
clos,clud,clus 關(guān)閉 exclude除在外
clud,clos 關(guān)閉 close關(guān)閉 exclude排斥
cogn 知道 recognize承認(rèn) cognitive認(rèn) 識的cop, copor 身體,團體 corporation n.公司,企業(yè) cord 心 cordial衷心的core核心
cosm(o)宇宙,世界cosmic宇宙的 cosmos宇宙
cracy 統(tǒng)治 democracy n.民主制,民主 creed,cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任 crep 破裂 discrepant adj.差異的 cret 搞清,區(qū)別 secret crit 判斷,評判 criterion cruc 十字形,交叉 crucify 釘在十字架上處死,迫害,折磨 cult 培養(yǎng),種植 culture n.教養(yǎng),培養(yǎng) cumul 堆積 accumulate cup 拿,抓住,握住 occupy cur,cours 跑(cur還有“關(guān)心”之意)ccurrence出現(xiàn),發(fā)生 current流通的 ;curious 好奇的
cur 跑,發(fā)生,快速做 currency n.通貨,流行 incur in(進入)+cur(發(fā)生),招至,引起 cycl 圓,環(huán) bicycle自行車 cyclone旋風(fēng) dem(o)民眾 democracy n.民主,民主制 demn 傷害 condemn indemnification deterior 糟糕的
di 日 diary日記 diarist記日記者
dic 說話,斷言,寫 indicate dict 說 predict預(yù)言 indicate表示
dign 值得,高貴 dignity 尊嚴(yán),高貴
doct 教 doctrinaire n.空論家 教條的,迂腐的 dom 1,家 2,統(tǒng)治 domain don,dit 給予 donation n.捐款,捐贈
dorm 睡眠 dormancy n.睡眠,冬眠,隱匿 dox 觀點 heterodox n.異端
du 兩,雙 dubious 懷疑的,無把握的,靠不住的 dub 雙,二
duc,duct 引導(dǎo) conduct指導(dǎo) induce引誘
ed 1,吃 edible可吃的 edacity貪吃 2,聽 obey(ob=to+ey=ed)服從,順從 obedient electr 電的 electric adj.電的,電動的 em 拿,獲得,拿走后(變空)empty expt 拿,獲得,拿走后(變空)empty equ,.equi 相等,平等 n.等式
erg,ert 能量,活力 energy n.精力,國力 err 漫游,犯錯誤 error inerrancy n.無錯誤的 ert 能量,活動 exert vt.盡(力),用(力),發(fā)揮 ese 存在,實在 essence exter 出去,外 external
fac,fact,fect,fic 做,制 factory工廠 manufacture制 造,加工
femin 女人 feminine adj.女性的,女子的
fer 帶,拿;帶來
tansfer轉(zhuǎn)移 ferry渡船;suffer v.遭受,忍受 fest 1,仇恨,打擊 2,節(jié)目 infest 騷擾,擾亂 festival fic(e)做 artificial adj.人工的,人為的 fid 相信,信念 confidence n.信任,信心 figur 形狀
fin 結(jié)束,范圍 confine vt.限制,使局限 flect,flex 彎曲 reflect v.反射,映現(xiàn) flict 打擊 conflict n.沖突
flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行感冒
form 形式,外形 transform改變 formula公式
fract,frag破,折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的fus 傾,注,溶化 fusion熔解 effuse瀉 出
fuse 流 diffuse 擴散,彌漫,散布
gen gener 起源 generate使產(chǎn)生 genetic遺傳 的geo 地球,土地 geography地理 geology地質(zhì)學(xué)
gon 角 trigon n.三角形
guise 偽裝 disguise vt.偽裝,假扮
grad 步,走,級 gradual逐步的 graduate畢業(yè) gram 寫,記錄 diagram圖表 program 節(jié)目單,方案
graph 寫,畫,記錄 photograph照像 autograph親筆,手稿
greg 群體 aggregate v.合計,聚集
gress 行走 progress進步 retrogress后 退
griev 1,重 2,悲傷 grievious adj.嚴(yán)重傷害的,引起痛苦的 grief hind 后面 handrance n.障礙,妨礙
hap 機會,運氣,偶發(fā) happen發(fā)生 mishap災(zāi)禍
her(e),hes 粘附 adhere vi.粘附,附著 herit 繼承 inherit vt.繼承 hibit 拿住 inhibit,prohibit hospit 客人 hospital醫(yī)院 hospitable好 客的,殷勤的hum 地 humble adj.地位低下的 ident 相同,識別 identical ideo 思想 觀點 idea idio 特殊的,個人的,專有的 idiom n.慣用語,方言 ign 點燃 ignite vt.點燃,引發(fā)vi.著火
insul 島 peninsula半島 insulation隔 絕,孤立 hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓 it 行走 exit n.出口,退出
inter 在...之間,在...之中 interact intergr 完整 intergrel adj.完整的,構(gòu)成整體所必須的 integrity n.正直的,完全 ject 投,擲,拋 eject射出 project投射 jud 判斷 judgement n.審判,判斷 junct 連接,結(jié)合 conjunction連接詞 adjunct附屬物
jur 法律,發(fā)誓,正確,正直 jury n.陪申團,評獎團 juven 年輕 rejuvenscent adj.返老還童的,回春的 lapse 滑倒 collapse vi./n lect,leg,lig 挑選,采集 lect 選舉 selection選舉 eligible合格的,合適的lect 講,讀,說 idiolect 個人習(xí)語 leg 法律 legal adj.合法的,法律的 lev 舉,升 elevator電梯 lever杠桿
liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主義的lic 高興,美味,引誘 delicate delicious lig 1,捆綁,聯(lián)合,約束 2,選擇,收集 eligible adj.有條件被選中的,(由指婚姻等)合適的,合意的
lingu 語言 linguist語言學(xué)家 bilingual兩種語言的liter 文字,字母 literate識字的 literature文學(xué)
loc 地方 local當(dāng)?shù)氐?locate使座落于
log 詞,語言,講演 dialogue對話 logic 邏輯
loqu 說話 eloquent雄辯的 colloquial口語的,會話的loy 捆綁,聯(lián)合,約束 alloy n.合金 lun 月亮 lunar adj.月亮的,似月的
lust(lumin)光,照亮 ullustrate vt.(用圖等)說明 illuminate vt.照明,照亮;闡明,啟發(fā) lute 沖洗 dilute 稀釋,沖淡 lyze 分割,分開 analyze vt.分析
manu(mani)手 manuscript手稿 manual手 的,用手的mar 海 marine adj.海上的,航海的
med 治療,補救辦法 remedy n.補救辦法,治療法
medi 中間 medium中等的 mediation居 中調(diào)解 memor 記憶,記住的 memory記憶 memorial紀(jì)念日,紀(jì)念物
memor 記憶,記住的 memory n.記憶,記憶力 mens 計量,測量 dimension merg 沉沒 immerge,emerge mid 中間 middle,midst migr 遷移,移動 migrant,migrate milit 兵 military軍事的 militant戰(zhàn)斗的
min 1,少,小 minority少數(shù) diminish減少,減小 2,突出 prominent adj.杰出的,突出的 mir 驚奇,驚異 admire vt.贊賞,欽佩 mise 送,放出,派,錯過 demise,premise miss 送,派,放出,錯過
mit 送,放出,派,錯過 intermit v.中斷 mut 變 mutual adj.相互的
mob,mot,mov 移動 mobile活動的 motion運動 immovable不可移動的mod 方式,模式,風(fēng)度 mode n.方式,模式 nomin名 nominal adj.名義上的,有名 無實的 mon 警告 monitor n.班長,監(jiān)視器,檢測器
mono 一個,單個 monogamy n.一夫一妻制(婚姻)monologue n.獨白 mort 死亡 mortal終有一死的 mortician 承辦殯葬的人
mot 動 motion n.運動,動 muni 服務(wù),職責(zé),社區(qū),公共 municipal(抓社區(qū)管理的)munificent(做出來給大家的)慷慨的,大方的
nav 1,船 2,海員,船員
neg 否定 negtive adj.否定的,消極的
not 知道,注意,注釋,標(biāo)識 notion n.概念,觀念 nov 新 novel小說 novelty新奇
numer 數(shù) numeral數(shù)字的 numerous為 數(shù)眾多的nomy 在??領(lǐng)域(的知識)agronomy 農(nóng)科 oper 工作 operate操作 cooperate合作
opt 視線,光線 ;選擇optic視力的 optics光學(xué) optim 最好,樂觀 optimistic ori 1,升起 orient 東方,東方的 2,開始 origin orn 裝飾 adorn v.裝飾
ortho 正 orthodox adj.傳統(tǒng)的;正統(tǒng)的,正宗的 oxy 氧的 oxygen n.氧,氧氣
paci 和平pacify vt.使和平,撫慰
pact(patch)包裹,緊的,結(jié)合 compact dispatch par 1,出產(chǎn),出生 2,看見,出現(xiàn) 3,準(zhǔn)備,安置 4,平等 multiparous adj.一胎多子的,經(jīng)產(chǎn)的apparent part 部分 partial adj.部分的,不公平的
patri(1),父親 patriarchal adj.家長似的,家長的,族長的 2,patriot n愛國者 pass 感覺 passion n.激情,熱情
past 喂,食 pasture 放牧、牧場,吃草
path 感情,苦楚,疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可憐的pel 推,逐,驅(qū) expel驅(qū)逐 repel擊退,反擊,抵抗
pend,pens,pond 稱重量,稱銀子,引申為花費 expend pend,pen pens 懸掛 depend依靠 pendent懸空的
per 1,貫穿,自始至終,全部 permanent 2,假,壞 perish pet追求 compete 競爭,比賽
phas 外貌,顯示,狀態(tài) phase 階段,方位,相位 phon 聲音 microphone擴音器 telephone電話
pict 描寫,畫 picture n,畫,圖畫
peri(piri)嘗試 expiricism 經(jīng)驗主義 experiment plen 滿,全 plenty充足,大量 plentitude豐富,充足
plex 重疊,交叉 complex adj.由許多部分組成的,復(fù)合的
plic 1,重疊,重復(fù) 2,折 3,彎
complicate vt.使復(fù)雜 adj.復(fù)雜的
ply 1.=fold,表示“重疊,重復(fù)”;2.折;3.彎;4.=full/fill,表 示“滿,填滿”reply [to]回答,答復(fù),以?作答(re回+ply折→折回去 →答復(fù))supply 補給, 供給, 供應(yīng)品(sup下面+ply滿,填滿→ 在下面填滿→補給)
polis 1,國家,城市 2,政治 cosmopolis <美>國際都市 pon,pos(it)放置 postpone推遲 position位置 pond 稱重量而衡量,引申為花費,支付 ponderous adj.笨重的,笨拙的
popul 人民 population人口 popular人 民的,大眾的port 搬運,帶 portable可攜帶的 porter 搬運工人
pos,posit 放 deposit vt.使沉淀,存放 pound 放 propound vt.提議
pract 實踐,實際,應(yīng)用 practice preci 價值,估價 precious adj.珍貴的,寶貴的 prehend 抓住 reprehend vt.譴責(zé),責(zé)難
prim 第一,首要 primary最初的 primitive原始的prin 第一,主要的,首要 prince,principal,principle priv 私有的,單一 private prob 1,測試,證明 2,證明 probe,reprobate psych 精神 psychology心理學(xué) psychic 精神的puls 驅(qū)動,推 pulse vi.搏動,跳動
pur 清,純,凈 purify使純凈 depurate 使凈化
rect 正,直,豎 erect直立的 correct改正
reg 統(tǒng)治,規(guī)定 regime n.政體,政權(quán),政權(quán)制度 region n.地區(qū) rid,ris 笑 ridicule嘲笑 derision笑柄,嘲 笑
rig 正,直;水 right irrigate vt.灌溉 rit 擦 irritate vt.激怒
rog 要求,問 arrogant adj.傲慢的,自大的
ros 咬 erosion n.磨損,腐蝕,侵蝕;削減,減少 rot 腐爛;輪 rotary adj.轉(zhuǎn)動的,旋轉(zhuǎn)的
rupt 破 rupture破裂,裂開 interrupt中 斷
sacr 神圣的 sacrifice n.犧牲,供奉
sanct=holy,表示“神圣”,sanction vt.批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可 n.批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;約束因素,約束力;[常 pl.]國際制裁
satur 飽 saturable adj.可飽和的
scend,scens,scent 爬 ascend上,升 descent下降
sci 知道 science科學(xué) conscious有知覺 的scrible,script 寫 describle vt.形容,描寫 sect 切割 section n.截面,剖面
secut,sequ 跟隨 consequence n.結(jié)果,后果 sens,sent 感覺 sensation感覺 sentiment感情
sequ 跟隨 conaequence n.結(jié)果,推論 sert 插,放 insert vt.插入,嵌入 serve 保持 reserve vt.保留,保存
sid(e)1.=sit,表示“坐”;2.放置;3.=旁邊 adj.assiduous 勤奮的(as一再+sid坐+uous多??的→ 一再坐著[學(xué)習(xí)] →勤奮的)
simil,sembl,simul 相似,一樣 similar adj.相似的,類似的 sist 站立 persist vi.堅持,持續(xù)
soc 同伴,結(jié)交 social adj.社會的,社交的 sol 太陽,獨自 solar太陽的 parasol陽傘 spec spic 看 spectacle光景,景象 prospect 展望
spers 散開 disperse vi.使分散,散開;使消散
son=sound,表示“聲音” sound spir 呼吸,生命 conspire共謀 inspire 吸氣,鼓舞 spons 約定 sponsor n.主辦者,保證人 st stat 表示“站,立” stand,stable,station stimul 刺激 stimulate v.刺激,激勵 stinct,sting 刺 distinct adj.與其它不同的 stit 建,放,站 constituent,constitution sum 拿,取 resume vt.(中斷后)重新開始,繼續(xù),恢復(fù) struct 建立,結(jié)構(gòu) construct surg=rise,表示“升起” surg vi.升起+e→n.&v.巨涌, 洶涌, 澎湃 sym,syn 共同 sympathy n.同情,同情心
tact,tang,tag 接觸 intact未接觸的 tangible可接觸的tail 切,割 tailor裁縫 retail零售
tain,ten,tin tinu 保持,握,容納 contain容 納 obtain取得,sustain支持
tamin 接觸 contaminate tect 掩,蓋 detect偵察 發(fā)覺,detective 偵探的tele 遠(yuǎn) telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡 telegram電報
temp 1,表示時間或時間引起的現(xiàn)象 2,情緒,回火 adj.tempestuous 狂暴的(tempest[n.暴風(fēng)雨,騷 動]+uous多??的→adj.狂暴的)n.tempest 暴風(fēng)雨,騷動(temp時間引起天氣變化 +est→天氣驟變→暴風(fēng)雨)tempo 節(jié)奏,行進速度;[音樂的]速度(temp時間或 時間引起的現(xiàn)象+o音樂術(shù)語→按時件快慢做)tempt 嘗試 temptation n.誘惑物
ten 1,拿住,握住,支撐;2,挽留
tenant tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸開,擴展 extensive廣闊的terr 1,地 territorial adj.領(lǐng)土的 2,恐怖,可怕 terrific test 證據(jù) testify v.證明,證實
text 編織 textile紡織的 texture組織,結(jié)構(gòu)
therm 熱 thermal熱的 thermometer溫 度計
thesis 放,引申為“觀點,論文”,n.antithesis 對立;反論(anti反+thesis論文;觀點→n.對立;反論)hypothesis 假說,假設(shè)(hypo下面+thesis論文→還 不是正式的理論→假說)parenthesis 插入語,括?。╬ar平行+en進+thesis放 →平行放進去→括號)synthesis 合成(syn共同+thesis放→放在一起→ 合成)thesis [(thesis放,引申為論文,觀點→放好的研究 主題)
tim 害怕 timid timorous
tin 1,拿,握,支撐 2,挽留 continue tor,tort 扭,扭轉(zhuǎn) orsion扭轉(zhuǎn) distortion 歪曲
tour 轉(zhuǎn) detour 使繞路而行
tox 毒 toxic adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
tract 拖,拉,吸引 attract吸引 attractive有吸引力的trem 抖動 tremendous 極大的,非常的,了不起的 tribut 給予 contribute v.捐助,捐獻
tric,trig 復(fù)雜 intrigue vt.激起...的好奇心,迷住 vi.耍陰謀 n.陰謀,私通 turb 擾亂 disturb v.弄亂,擾亂 twi 兩個(由two而來)twice
typ adj.atypical 非典型的(a非+typical典型的→adj.非典 型的)typical [of]典型的,有代表性的(typ模式,形狀 +ical??的→成模式的→典型的)adv.typically 代表性地, 作為特色地(typical[adj.[of]典 型的,有代表性的]+ly表副詞→adv.代表性地, 作為 特色地)n.prototype 原型;典型,范例(proto原始+type類型 →n.原型;典型,范例)typewriter 打字機(type打字+writer寫的人或東西 →n.打字機)stereotype 固定形式,老套(stero固體的+type型 式→固定形式,老套→對??產(chǎn)生成見)typography 凸版印刷術(shù), 排印;印刷樣 式(typo=typ模式,形狀+graph寫+y狀態(tài),性質(zhì)→用 模型寫,印刷)typology 類型學(xué), 血型學(xué), 體型學(xué), 象征學(xué)(typ模 式,形狀+ology學(xué)科→n.類型學(xué), 血型學(xué), 體型學(xué), 象 征學(xué))v.stereotype 對??產(chǎn)生成見(stero固體的+type型 式→固定形式,老套→對??產(chǎn)生成見)ultim(o)最后的 ultimate adj.最后的,最終的 ultra 超...的 ultraviolet adj.紫外線的
un,uni 一 unite統(tǒng)一,聯(lián)合 union聯(lián) 合,工會
urb 城市 suburb 郊區(qū),近郊
ut,util 用 utility有用 utilize利用
ut 出去,過時,外面 utmost vac,van 空,空虛 vacation假期 vanity 空虛,虛榮
vad, vas 行走 invasion 入侵,侵略
val,vail 強壯的,價值 value n.價值,估價
vari 變化 various各樣的variant變異的,不同的ven 來 intervene干預(yù),介入 prevent防 止
ver 真實的 verdict n.裁判,判斷 verb 詞語 adverb n.副詞
verg 傾向 converge v.聚合,會聚
vert,vers 轉(zhuǎn) adverse相反的 convert轉(zhuǎn) 換
vi 路 via prep.取道,經(jīng)由 deviate vid,vis 看見 evident明顯的 visible可見 的
vis1.=separate,表示“分開”;2.=see,表示“看,查” devide,supervise vit,viv 生活,生存 vital生命的 survival 幸存 voc 聲音 vocal adj.嗓音的,發(fā)聲的 vok 出聲,叫喊,看 evoke provoke volu(t)卷 volume n.卷,冊,書卷;容積,體積;音量,響度 volunt n.自動
volv 滾動 revolve旋轉(zhuǎn) involve卷入
vot 忠于,發(fā)誓 devote
ven 來 revenue n.收入,收益
vulg 庸俗 vulgar adj.粗野,下流;庸俗,粗俗 wis,wit 知道 wisdom智慧 witty機敏的 with 向后 withdraw v.收回,撤回;撤退
三、后綴
able(形容詞后綴)可...的,能...的,具有某種特質(zhì)的 acity n 表狀態(tài),、情況 capacity n.容量,能力,身份 age(名詞后綴)集合名詞總稱;場所、費用;行為或其結(jié)果 marriage n.結(jié)婚,婚姻 ant(名詞和形容詞后綴)人、物;...的 immigrant n.移民,僑民 aneous 表形容詞,“多??的,??特征的” spontaneous adj.自發(fā)的,無意識的;自然的,天真率直的
ent 1,adj.??的 2,n.通常表示 ??人,也可以表示其它的事物 3,n.藥劑
ate(動詞、形容詞、名詞后綴)做、使...;具有...的;表人、職位
considerate adj.考慮周到的,體貼的
ary...的 imaginary adj.假想的,虛構(gòu)的
ery 1,行為,情況 2,場所,地點 cemetery 墓地,公墓 hood 時期,性質(zhì) brotherhood ible adj 可...的,能...的,易...的 horrible adj.令人恐懼的 ic adj.??的 n.人或科學(xué) n.某種科學(xué)或藥學(xué)有關(guān)的 ice n.表示行為,狀態(tài) novice 新手 ific adj.產(chǎn)生??的 pacific ify 使...clarify vt.澄清,闡明
ist(名詞后綴)某種信仰者,某種職業(yè)的人
ititude 表示性質(zhì),狀態(tài) lassititude n.無力,沒精打彩 let 小 booklet n.小冊子 logy n...學(xué),...學(xué)科 ous adj...的 numerous
ward(s)adv 表示方式或動作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例詞:onward(s),backward(s),e arthward(s),homeward(s),eastw ard(s)
wise adv 1)按照??方式(in the manner of)例詞:crabwise,clockwise
2)就??而言(as far as...is concerned)例詞:weatherwise,educationwise
第三篇:英文否定前綴總結(jié)
常用英語單詞前綴大全(否定前綴篇)
im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible(不順能的),impolite(不禮貌的),impudence(厚顏無恥)
in-加在形容詞,名詞之前
incorrect(不正確的),inability(無能,無力),inaccurate(不準(zhǔn)確的)
ir-加在以r開頭的詞前
irregular(不穩(wěn)定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解決的)
un-加在名詞,形容詞,副詞之前
unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(無疑的)unemployment(失業(yè))
還有一些前綴的規(guī)則:
non-加在形容詞,名詞前
non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非電的)
8.mis-加在動詞、名詞之前
misunderstand(誤解),misjudge(誤判),misleading(誤導(dǎo)),misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加地動詞之前
disappear(消失),disarm(解除武裝),disconnect(失去聯(lián)系)
10.de-加在名詞,形容詞之前
demobilize(遣散;使…復(fù)員)decolor(脫色,漂白)
11.anti-加在名詞、形容詞之前
anti-Japanese(抗日戰(zhàn)爭),anti-social(厭惡社會的,反社會的),antidite(解毒藥)
12.counter-加在名詞、動詞前
counterattack(反攻,反擊),counteract(抵抗,阻礙)counterrevolution(反革命)
dis(not, the opposite of)
disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dislike, dismay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate, isparage, dispassion, disproportionate 2)in-(not, in, into)
inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, infirm, injection, innate, insatiable, insecurity, insider, insidious 3)im-
(not, in, into)impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse 4)il-(not)
illegal, illiterate, illogical ir-(not)irregular, irresponsible, irrespective
5)un-(not)
unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, enlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable, 6)non-(not)
nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, nonfundamentalist, nonspecialist 7)mis-(wrong, wrongly)
mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation 8)de-(showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce)
deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, decode, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent
第四篇:英語中否定形式表示肯定意義的句型總結(jié)
英語中否定形式表示肯定意義的句型總結(jié)
英語中有些句子“貌相”(形式)否定,實則表示肯定的意義,甚至表示非常強烈的肯定意義。此類句子尤其容易出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中給考生增加干擾因素。就此語言現(xiàn)象歸納總結(jié)如下句型,希望大家能夠復(fù)習(xí)之。1. can / could not...too
can / could never...too表示“無論怎樣也不過分”。例如: ·You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.穿越馬路時,再怎么小心也不為過?!ou can never be too careful in performing an experiment.做實驗越仔細(xì)越好。
2. can / could not...enough意為“無論怎么都不夠”,表示強烈的肯定。例如: ·I cannot thank you enough.我對你感激不盡。·You can't be careful enough.你越小心越好。
3. nothing but表示“只有,只不過”,含肯定意義。例如: · We could see nothing but water.我們只看見一大片水。
·She does nothing but listen to records.她除了聽唱片什么也不做。
4. never too...to是對too...to的再否定,表示肯定。例如:
· It's never too old to learn.活到老,學(xué)到老。
It is never too late to give up prejudices.放棄偏見永遠(yuǎn)不晚。
5.not ? without ? 沒有??就沒有;在這個句型中,使用兩個否定,用來加強語氣,表示肯定意義。例如:
·One cannot live even a few minutes without air.沒有空氣,人們甚至連幾分鐘也不能生存。·They couldn't have completed their task on time without your help.有你們的幫助,他們才按時完成了任務(wù)。
注意: too ? not to ?和 never(not)too ? to ?這類雙重否定的句型,也表示肯定意義。例如:
·The boy is too clever not to work out this maths problem.這個男孩很聰明,不會解不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。
6. nothing if not表示“極其”,含強烈的肯定意義。例如: · He was nothing if not clever.他很聰明。
· The story was nothing if not interesting.故事極其有趣。
7. nothing less than表示“完全是”,有肯定的含義。例如: ·
What he said was nothing less than a lie.他說的純屬謊言。
· His negligence was nothing less than criminal.他的粗心大意無異于犯罪。
8.too...not to表示“太??不會不??”,具有肯定意義。例如: · He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么小心,一定會注意到這一點的。
His speech was too good not to stir the audience.他的演講太好了,不會不使觀眾轟動。
He is too foolish not to say it.他那么傻,不會不把這事說出來。
注意:若把否定詞放到前面not too ? to 表示這并不太??所以能。
He is not too old to do it.他做這件事,年齡并不
9. no的否定意義很強,和具有否定意義的名詞連用,來表示強烈的肯定。例如: ·She is no fool.(She is very clever.)她絕不是傻瓜。
·There is no question that Mr.Smith is the boss.毫無疑問,史密斯先生就是老板。
10.雙重否定表示強烈的肯定。否定+否定=肯定,加強句子的肯定語氣,這樣的雙重否定句被稱之為肯定型雙重否定句。例如: Nobody had nothing to eat.=Everyone has something to eat.每個人都有吃的。I cannot/never see the film without being moved to tears” “I will never be unmoved when ever I see the film。=Whenever I see the film, I will be moved to tears.John is not unable to do it.約翰還是挺能干的。雙重否定表肯定的句型分類
1)謂語否定+狀語否定
在這種雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語否定主要指“never+實義動詞”或“操作詞+not+實義動
詞”;狀語否定指“介詞+名詞/動名詞”,要么介詞否定,要么名詞或動名詞否定,而介詞否定的形式多表現(xiàn)為一個詞,即without。例如: ① You cannot make egg rolls with out breaking eggs
(即:有失才有得。)
② He will not do it for nothing ③ She never came with out reporting some fresh instance of Wickham's extravagance or irregularity她每一次來的時候,都會講些有關(guān)威克瀚姆豪華奢侈生活的新鮮事。2)主語否定+狀語否定
主語否定指主語常由no-word(比如no+名詞、nobody、none、nothing、noone等,這些詞被稱之為絕對否定詞)來擔(dān)當(dāng),或主語由not來否定。
① In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation 在有些國家,一切公事都要面對面地進行,需要當(dāng)面交談。② There is no success without hardships 沒有磨難,就沒有勝利。(不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎能見彩虹。)③ None of us will leave school without learning any thing ④ Not a student has access to the library without showing his student card進入不了圖書館。
3)主語否定+謂語否定
① Nobody does not believe in him ② Not many students will not succeed in passing the exam 4)謂語否定+賓語否定 ① I do not have nothing to say
② We can't afford not to believe the missile attack我們不得不相信這導(dǎo)彈襲擊是真的。5)主語否定+賓語否定
① No one has nothing to contribute to society ② Nobody has no access to the sporting facilities 6)主語否定+補語否定
補語覆蓋面很廣,包括名詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、分詞以及不定式等等,這些詞本身可以是否定形式(比如代詞nothing、nobody等),也可以被否定詞修飾(比如not+補語),也可指那些含有否定詞綴的形式(比如形容詞、分詞的否定詞綴等)。① Nothing is nothing at all ② No smoking is harmless ③ No place is left unexploited 7)否定詞+否定意義的動詞/名詞/形容詞/副詞
英語中有許多詞語雖沒有被否定詞修飾或不含否定詞綴,但它們的意義卻完全可能是否定的,這樣的詞和否定詞連用時也會構(gòu)成雙重否定。
① We don't doubt that he will succeed in carrying out the experiment 我們相信他會做好這個實驗。
② There is no denying the fact that your action has affected her normal life 不可否認(rèn),你的行為已經(jīng)影響了她的正常生活。③ Comrade Lei Feng was not reluctant to help others ④ For all his years, he is none the less vigorous and active 他雖年老,但仍然生氣勃勃,精力旺盛。8)主句否定+從句否定
前面提到的都是特指簡單句中的雙重否定句的情況。很明顯,英語中主從句的雙重否定形式也是普遍存在的。而主從句雙重否定的兩個否定詞分別出現(xiàn)在主句和從句中。主句否定時常借助于一般否定詞(即not)或絕對否定詞(如no,nothing,nobody,never等);從句否定時同樣也可借助于一般否定詞或絕對否定詞,但也可以使用一些含有否定含義的連詞,如until,unless等,或是否定含義的準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞but。
① In the neighborhood there is nobody who does not know me ② I never read novels that don't appeal to me
③ You cannot take the books away unless you get the special permission from the dean 除非你有系主任的特批,否則你不能把書借走。④ There is no rule but has exceptions
11.not...until / till表示“直到??才”,具有肯定的意義。
not ? until ? 直到??才?;在這個句型中,until 可作介詞,也可作連詞。作介詞時,后接名詞、代詞或短語;作連詞時,后接句子。not 后面接非延續(xù)性動詞。例如: She didn't stop working until 12 o'clock last night.昨晚12點以前,她一直在不停地工作。The bus didn't leave until all the seats were taken.直到車上坐滿了乘客,汽車才開走。
People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.人們失去時間后才知道時間的價值 He did not go to bed until his mother came back.直到他母親回來他才睡覺。
not ? until ? 也可用于強調(diào)句型和倒裝句式中。例如:
It was not until this morning that he finished the work.直到今天上午,他才完成那項工作。It was not until the next day that I knew that truth.直到第二天我才知道真相。
12.“否定詞 + so + adj./ adv.+ as”結(jié)構(gòu),從反面表示“最”,是一種強烈的肯定。例如: · It wasn't so bad as last time!這次不像上次那么糟!· None is so blind as those who won't see.沒有比視而不見的人更瞎眼的了。
13.not...for nothing中,not用來否定for nothing,從而加強了謂語的肯定意義。例如: · He didn't study law for nothing.他學(xué)法律并沒有白費。
·Believe me, he did not fly into such a rage for nothing.請相信我,他勃然大怒是有原因的。
14.否定的感嘆句、疑問句常表示肯定意義。例如: · Isn’t this film interesting? 這部電影難道沒趣嗎? ·Who doesn't enjoy reading The Dream of the Red Mansion? 誰不喜歡看《紅樓夢》呢?(人人都喜歡看《紅樓夢》。)
15.以Why don't you...和Why not...開頭的疑問句往往表示邀請、建議、指導(dǎo)等,具有肯定意義。例如: ·Why don’t you introduce her to your parents? 你為什么不把她介紹給你父母呢? ·Why not come and see me tomorrow? 明天來看我怎么樣?
16.nothing(或 no + 名詞)but ?只有;僅僅;Nothing but=only,表示肯定意義,后接名詞、代詞、不定式等。例如:
·No one but him in our class can swim across the river.在我們班上,只有他能游過這條河?!?She could do nothing but wait here.她只好在這時等,別無他法。
其它的否定詞+but
1、not(no)?but There is no man but has his faults.人皆有過。
No one believes but she will succeed.人們相信他會成功。There is no one but knows him.人人都認(rèn)識他。
17.祈使疑問句;否定感嘆疑問句表示的肯定表示肯定意義。例如: ·Isn't the film wonderful? 多么好的一部影片??!
Won’t you have some beer? 請喝點啤酒吧!Won’t you sit down!
請坐呀!
Isn’t that beautiful!多么美麗呀!Isn’t she a sweet girl!她多么可愛啊!
18.hardly / scarcely ? when ? 一(剛)??就??;在這個句型中,when 是并列連詞,其前面的句子要用過去完成時,其后的句子用一般過去時。例如:
·He had hardly/scarcely arrived when it began to rain.他一到天就開始下雨了。·Hardly/Scarcely had he arrived when it began to rain.他一到天就開始下雨了。
We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我們剛到學(xué)校鈴聲就響了。
He had scarcely escaped when he was recaptured.他剛逃掉就被逮住了。
He had hardly arrived when she started complaining.他剛一到, 她就開始抱怨起來。
19.no sooner ? than ? 一(剛)??就??;在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,no sooner 位于主句中,主句用過去完成時,than 引導(dǎo)狀語從句,從句用一般過去時。例如:
·No sooner had they got to the theatre than the concert began.他們剛跨進劇院,音樂會就開始了。
20.can + not + be + 形容詞 + enough/can not + 動詞原形 + too much(highly)越??越好;無論怎樣也不過分;在這個句型中,not 可用 never 來替代。例如: ·He is a hero.We can not praise him too much(highly)。他是英雄,我們無論怎樣贊揚他也不過分。
21.否定詞+比較級(相當(dāng)于最高級), 常見的句型是:have never + 過去分詞 + 比較級最??;再沒有比??更?;該句型從反面表示“最??”的概念。例如: ·We have never seen a more interesting film than this one = This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.這部電影是我們看過的最有趣的影片。
I couldn’t agree more.我非常同意。
Nothing is more valuable than health.健康是最寶貴的。
22.can't(help)but ? 只好;不得不;必然;在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,help 可省略,but 后面接不帶 to 的不定式。例如:
·He can't(help)but admit that he was wrong.他只好承認(rèn)自己是錯了。23.can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
· Hearing the joke,we couldn't help laughing.聽了這個笑話,我情不自禁地笑了起來。24.not + 含否定意義的詞綴的詞。例如:
· It is not uncommon for a great scholar to be ignorant in everyday affairs.一個偉大的學(xué)者,對日常事務(wù)無知,這種情況并不罕見。
25.有些帶否定詞的短語,在使用時并不構(gòu)成否定意義,即表示肯定意義。例如: · He would go as soon as not.他非常樂意去。
·As often as not the buses are late on foggy days.遇多霧天氣時,公共汽車經(jīng)常晚點。
26.not a little意為 “很,很多”
He is not a little tired.他非常累。
He has not a little experience.他有著豐富的經(jīng)驗
27.more often than not意為 “常常,往往”
John is a good swimmer.He wins more often than not.約翰是個游泳健將,他常常在比賽中獲獎。
The street is crowded more often than not.這條大街常常很擁擠。
28.cannot wait 后跟不定式,意為“急于做”,表示強調(diào)的肯定 I couldn’t wait to see her.我渴望見到她。
I cannot wait to read the book.我非??释x到這本書。
29.never(not)?but(that)意為 “每當(dāng)??, 總是??, 沒有哪次不是??”。I never see you but I think of my mother.每當(dāng)看見你時,我總是想起我的母親。
He will not be angry but that he is offended.人們?nèi)橇怂艜鷼狻?/p>
30.not long before 意為“不久??就??”
It was not long before he appeared.他不久就出現(xiàn)了。
It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我們就會再見面的。It wasn't long before she became a brave solider.沒過多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。31.more often than not意為 “常常,往往”
John is a good swimmer.He wins more often than not.約翰是個游泳健將,他常常在比賽中獲獎。
The street is crowded more often than not.這條大街常常很擁擠。
第五篇:常用前綴的小結(jié)
常用前綴的小結(jié)(2010-11-16 15:51:35)轉(zhuǎn)載▼標(biāo)簽: 教育
“a-”:①古英語前置詞on的縮寫形式,含義為“在?之上”,“在?之中”,“進入到?”,“到?”,構(gòu)成一個謂語或狀語成分:aside等;②古英語前置詞of的縮寫形式:afresh;anew等;③少數(shù)情況下不指動作的全過程,只涉及其終結(jié):abide(by)等;④ab的異體字,用在字母p和v之前。“ab”含義為“從,離開”,含義相當(dāng)于off:absent;abstract;⑤ad的異體字,亦作a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap, ar-, as-, at-等。通常有“向;增加,增長”的含義,相當(dāng)于off:absent;abstract。需要和介詞構(gòu)成搭配;⑥an的異體字,通常有“無,缺少”的含義:anecdote等。
“be-”:含義為“附近,到處,周圍”,有強調(diào)的意味,也常有輕蔑,貶低的意味。常用使不及物動詞、名詞、形容詞等變?yōu)榧拔飫釉~?!癰i, by”為其非強調(diào)形式。
“com-”:表示“與”,“共”,“合”,“全”,“完整”,“相關(guān)”等,有co-, con-, col-, cor-等變體形式。
“contra-”:①“反對”,“相反”,“針對”:contrast等;②“低”,“下”。
“counter-”:①“反對”,“相反”,“針對”,“面對”,“響應(yīng)”等;②“補充”,“對應(yīng)”,“類似”,“報答”等;③“替代”,“副本”等。
“de-”:①“否定”,“取消”,“相反”,“顛倒”:decentralize;②“向下”,“下降”:decline;③“離開,脫離”(di-,dis-為變體形式):derail, detrain;④“完全地(加強語氣)”(dia為變體形式):defunt, denude等;⑤ 異體字“di”含義為“經(jīng)過”,“在?之間”,“越過”,“屬于”。
“di-”:①“二”;②異體字“dia”,“徹底”,“完全的”;③異體字“dia”含義為“經(jīng)過”,“在?之間”,“越過”,“屬于”。
“dis-”:①否定或相反的含義(見de-, un-);②“除去的”,“分開的”,“離開”;③存在變體“bi”:“完全地”;④ 變體“di”近似“bi”,含義為“二”。
“en-”:該前綴存在“em-”等變體。①“在里面”,“進入”,“放進”,“放在?上面”;②“使”,“使成為”,“使處于?狀態(tài)”;③加在動詞的前面,使它們成為及物動詞;如果本身就是及物動詞,則賦予它們及物的符號。
“epi-”:①“在?上面”,“在?之上”;②“在?旁”,“在?附近”;③“在?之前”,“在?之后”。
“ex-”:該前綴存在“e-”,“ec-”,“ef-”,“el-”,“em-”,“is-”等變體。①“出自”,“從”;②有時還有相反或否定的含義;③該前綴含有“全部地”,“徹底地”的含義。
“fore-”:①“前”,“先”,“預(yù)”;②前部的;(位置)在上的;③變體為“for-”:“離去”,“極度”,“過度”,“不當(dāng)”。
“in-”:①(有變體en-;em-;im-;ir-等)與動詞結(jié)合,起及物與強調(diào)作用;②(有變體ig-;il-;im-;ir-等)具有反義和否定的作用,可以自由地和英語單詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成新詞,尤其可與英語的形容詞及其派生詞、名詞結(jié)合。
“inter-”:含義主要有:“在?之間”,“在?之中”,“相互地”,“在一起”。
“intra-”:含義主要有:“在內(nèi)”,“進入”,“向內(nèi)”。
“meta-”:含義主要有:“繼?后”,“帶有”,“同?一道”,“超過”,“在?中間”,“位于?后”等。其他前綴“ortho-”以及“para-”有類似的用法。
“mis-”:①單純的否定;②“壞”,“誤”,“錯誤”,“不正確的”等。
“non-”:通常起到單純的否定作用。
“ob-”:變體形式為“o-”,“oc-”,“of-”,“op-”等。①含義為“向”,“到”,“在?上面”,“在?上空”,“對?”等;②現(xiàn)在用來表達“逆”,“反”,“非”,“倒”等。
“out-”:出現(xiàn)于各種意義的復(fù)合詞中,亦可構(gòu)成許多及物動詞,表示在某種指明的行動中的超出、超越或勝出。
“over-”:出現(xiàn)于各種意義的復(fù)合詞中,尤用于下列含義:“超過界限”,“過度”,“過分”,“太”,以構(gòu)成動詞、形容詞、副詞和名詞。
“para-”:①含義為“旁”;有時還有“附近”,“超越”,“側(cè)面”,“偏差”等含義;②含義為“保護”,“防護”,“防止”,“為防止?而作好戰(zhàn)斗的準(zhǔn)備;避開?(危險)”等。
“per-”:變體為“pol-”。①“通過”,“徹底地”,“完全”,“十分”等;②“高”,“過”等。
“peri-”:含義為“大約”,“附近”,“周圍”,“超過”等。
“post-”:含義為“后?”,“次?”等。
“pre-”:①含義為“在前?”;②“在?之前”,“早的”,“預(yù)先的”,“在前的”以及其他的比喻用法。
“pro-”:變體形式為“pur-;por-”。①含義為“親”,“贊成”,“偏袒”,為“anti-”的對立面;②表示“在空間或時間上優(yōu)先”,尤其包含“向前進,向前或向外突出”等;③常加在不用作詞的詞干前面。
“re-”:①“回復(fù),回報,相互”:repay, restore, react, revenge;②“又,再,重新,反復(fù)”:remarry, reappear, retell;③“反對,對立”:rebel, repel, resist;④“在后,往后”:recall, remain, repent, retard, revert;⑤“退隱,隱秘”:recluse, reticence;⑥“離開,放掉,去,下”:resign, repress等。
“se-”:含義主要有:“離去”,“離開”,“往側(cè)面移動,離開”。
“sub-”:變體形式有“su-”,“suc-”,“suf-”,“sug-”,“sum-”,“sup-”,“sur-”,“sus-”等。①“在?下面”,“在?下方”等;②“輕微地”,“不完整”,“近乎”等;③“次要的”,“次要的”,“附屬的”。
“super-”:變體形式為“sur-”等。①“上”,“超”等;②“上面”,“超出”,“另外”,“過度”等。
“syn-”:①“與”,“共”,“同”,“合”等;②“同時”等;③“相同”,“相像”,“相似”等。
“trans-”:①“橫過”,“穿過”,“超越”,“貫通”,“通過”,“切地改變”,“橫斷”等;②“切”等。
“un-”:①“不”,“非”,“未”等;②構(gòu)成動詞的前綴,在英語中用法自由,表示相反的動作或狀態(tài),或去除,剝奪或解脫。
“under-”:前綴定語性用法,表示:①(地點或位置)“在?下”,“低于”等;②(級別或地位)“次于”,“低于”;③(程度,范圍或數(shù)量)“低于”,“少于”或“不足”等。
“with-”:①“往回,離去”:withdraw;②“反對,對抗”:withhold, withstand。
特別提示】在英語語言歷史演變的過程中,單詞的詞形和詞義都會發(fā)生或多或少的變化,但是“萬變不離其宗”。詞根、詞綴是構(gòu)成英語單詞的元素,了解、牢記和把握這些元素,可以牢固地掌握單詞的意義,達到事半功倍的學(xué)習(xí)效果。對于應(yīng)試的讀者,詞根在篇章中所起到的一致性和連貫性的作用更是非同小可。本詞根表中,出現(xiàn)的詞匯僅僅為考試大綱詞匯表所要求的,但是如果掌握好這些詞根,也同樣為將來的學(xué)習(xí)打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
“-acer-/-egr-”: sour;sharp(酸;鋒利)→acid;acute;acrimony;eager;vinegar
“-act-/-ag-”: do;perform;drive(做;行為;沖)→act;action;actor;activate;activity;agency;agent;agenda;agitate;essay;exact;interact;react;transaction;activist*;agile*
“-aer-/-air-”: air;mist(空氣)→aerial;aeroplane;airplane;aerobics;air;aircraft;airline;airport
“-aesm-/-aesti-”: estimate;value(估計)→aim;estimate;esteem
“-agri-/-ager-”: field;land(田野;地)→agriculture;agrarian;pilgrim
“-add-/-dere-/-agger-”: heap;put(堆積;放置)→add;additional;addition;exaggerate
“-agon-”: struggle;anguish(痛苦)→agony
“-aisl-/-isle-”: wing(翼)→aisle
“-ali-/-alt-/-el-”: foreign;other;(change)(外;其他;變化)→alien;alter;alternate;altruism;else;elsewhere;unalienable*;adulterate*
“-alti-/-alto-”: high;top(高;提高)→altitude;alto;enhance;old
“-am-/-ama-/-ami-”: love(愛)→amateur;amiable;enemy
“-ambi-”: going around(走動)→ambassador;ambiguous;ambition;ambulance;amble
“-amplus-”: spacious(大;寬敞)→ample;amplify;amplifier
“-anima-”: life;breath;mind(生命)→animal;animate;unanimous;animate*
“-ann-”: years(年)→anniversary;annual
“-ante-/-ant-/-anti-”: before(前;之前)→anticipate
“-apt-/-ept-”: fit;fitted;suitable;fasten(適當(dāng);緊)→apt;adapt;adaptation;inept
“-arc-”: bow(弓)→arch
“-archi-”: chief(主要)→architect;architecture
“-arm-”: weapon(武器)→arm;alarm
“-art-/-arti-/-ert-”: craftsmanship(藝術(shù);技藝)→art;artist;artificial;inertia
“-aster-/-astr-”: stars(星星)→astronaut;disaster;disastrous
“-atmo-”: vapor(氣)→atmosphere
“-auc-/-aug-/-auth-”: increase;growth(增加)→auction;augment;author;authority;auxiliary
“-aud-/-aur-/-edi-”: hear;hearing;ear(聽)→audience;audit;aural;obedience;obedient;obey
“-auto-/-auth-”: self;genuine(自己;真正的)→authentic;automate;automobile;automatic;automation
“-avan-/-aban-/-ante-”: set out before(前)→advance;advanced;advantage;disadvantage;vantage
“-avia-”: bird(鳥)→aviation
“-balk-/-balc-”: beam;ridge(橫梁;阻礙)→balcony
“-ball-/-bull-/-bu-/-bow-/-pill-”: dance;globe(球;圓)→ball;ballet;balloon;bowl;bowling;bubble;bulb;bull;bullet;bulletin;bully;pill
“-band-/-bend-/-bond-/-bind-/-bunc-”: join;combine(limit)(結(jié)合;限制)→abandon;ban;band;bandage;bend;bind;bond;binding;bound;boundary;bunch*;bondage*
“-bank-/-bench-/-banqu-”: bench(長凳“過去為金融交易的地方”)→bank;bankrupt;bench;banquet;bench
“-bar-”: stick;rod(長木條)→bar;barrel;embarrassment “-bas-/-bass-”: of low height;pedestal(基礎(chǔ))→base;baseball;basic;basis;database
“-bat-/-bar-/-bell-”: club;hit(木棍;打擊)→bar;barrel;barrier;bat;battery;battle;combat;debate;batter*;belligerent*;abate*;baton*;billiard*;rebuke*
“-bene-/-bon-”: good(好;善)→benefit;beneficial;bonus
“-bi-/-bin-/-bo-”: two;twice(二;兩;雙)→binary;balance;bicycle;billion;biscuit;both;combination;combine
“-biblio-”: books(書)→Bible;bibliography
“-bill-/-bull-”: seal;document;boss(玉璽;印章)→bill;bulletin;bull;bully
“-bio-/-bi-”: life(生命)→biography;aerobics
“-blam-/-blasm-”: blaspheme(褻瀆)→blame;blaspheme*
“-brac-”: arms(雙臂)→brace;bracket;brake;embrace
“-bread-/-breed-/-brib-”: crumb;morsel(面包)→bread;breed;bribe;bribery
“-break-/-breach-/-brick-”: break(打破)→break;breach;brick;brisk
“-brev-/-brief-”: short(短;簡)→brief;brevity
“-bri-/-brill-”: shine(閃耀)→bright;brighten;brilliant
“-cal-/-car-/-char-”: heat(熱量)→calm;calorie;carbon;charcoal;coal
“-camp-/-champ-”: field;plain;battlefield(戰(zhàn)場;田地)→camp;campus;campaign;champion
“-can-/-chan-/-cap-/-cat-/-chief-”: ①small vessel;tube;②head;chief(小容器;管/頭;首)→achieve;cabbage;can;canal;candy;canoe;cannon;cap;cape;capital;capitalism;captain;cattle;chapter;cheek;chef;chief;choke;escape;channel;*cane;canyon*;cunning*;uncanny*
“-cap-/-cab-/-cip-/-cas-/-cach-/-chas-/-ceiv-/-cept-/-ceit-/-cup-” : take;catch;seize;realize;contain;hold(拿;抓;捕;握)→anticipate;accept;capture;captivity;cable;capable;capacity;capsule;captive;captivity*;case;cash;cashier;cassette;catch;cater;chase;conceive;concept;conception;cop;copy;deceive;deceit;except;exception;occupation;occupy;participate;perceive;prince;receipt;receive;reception;recipe;reciprocal;recover;recovery;susceptible;capricious*;capsize*;conceit*;recuperate*;apperceive*;caption*;covert*;disciple*;encapsulate*;precept*;preoccupy*;receptacle* “-car-/-char-”: cart;carry;wagon;load(車;載)→car;career;cargo;carpenter;carriage;carrier;carry;cart;charge
“-card-/-chart-”: paper(紙)→card;chart;charter
“-cav-”: cave;hollow(洞穴)→cave;cavity*;concave*
“-ceal-/-cel-/-cul-”: hide(躲藏)→conceal;occult*
“-cel-/-cell-/-celer-”: rise up;swift;high(升高;快速)→excel;excellent;accelerate;decelerate;culminate*
“-cent-/-cens-/-chant-”①: sing;song;chant(歌唱)→accent;charm;chorus;incentive;cant*;enchant*
“-cent-”②: a hundred;hundredth(百;百分之一)→cent;centigrade;century;centimeter
“-cent-/centr-”③: center(中心)→center;central;concentrate;eccentric
“-cern-”: mingle with;mix(混合)→concern;discern;discreet;decree*
“-cerp-/-carp-”: select;pluck(選擇)→excerpt;scarce;scarcely
“-cert-”: ①certain;②strive;work(確證/爭?。鷄scertain;certain;certainly;certainty;concert;uncertainty;certificate;certify;decertify*
“-cess-/-ceed-/-ced-/-ces-”: move;go(行,走,動)→access;ancestor;cease;cheese;concede;concession;exceed;exceedingly;excess;precede;precedent;preceding;predecessor;procedure;proceed;proceedings;process;procession;recede;succeed;success;successful;succession;successive;successor;incessant*;deceased*
“-chai-/-cait-”: chain;link(聯(lián)系)→chain
“-chiev-/-chef-/-chief-”: head;conclusion(頭,首)→achieve;chef;chief;mischief
“-cid-/-cad-/-cas-/chans-”: fall(下降;降落;天意)→accident;case;casual;casualty;chance;cheat;coincide;coincidence;decay;incidence;incident;incidentally;occasion;occasionally;recidivism*;decadent*
“-circ-/-cycle-”: round;ring(圓;環(huán))→bicycle;circle;circuit;circular;circulate;circumstance;circus;cycle;cylinder;recycle;search
“-cis/-cid-”: cut(剪,砍,剁)→cement;concise;decide;decision;precise;precisely;precision;scissors;suicide
“-cit-/-civ-”①: citizen(公民)→citizen;city;civil;civilian;civilize;civilization
“-cite-/-cit-”②: rouse;summon;excite;stimulate(喚;召;激)→cite;excite;excitement;exciting;recite;entice*
“-claim-/-clam-”: shout;call;appeal(呼,喚,爭)→acclaim;claim;exclaim;proclaim;reclaim;declaim*
“-clar-/-clear-”: clear(清楚,清晰)→clarity;clear;declare;declaration
“-class-”: rank;fleet(隊,級)→class;classify;classified;classification
“-clim-/-climb-”: ladder(梯)→climax;climb
“-clim-/-clin-”: incline;tend;bend(傾,彎)→climate;climax;decline;incline
“-clud-/-claus-/-clos-”: close;shut(關(guān),閉,合)→clause;close;conclude;conclusion;disclose;enclose;enclosure;exclude;exclusive;include;inclusive;preclude;secluded*
“-cogn-/-quain-/-gnos-/-know-/-gnor-/-gna-”: to know perfectly(認(rèn)知)→acquaintance;cognitive;acknowledge;diagnosis;ignorance;ignorant;ignore;know;knowledge;narrative;noble;notice;noticeable;notify;notion;notorious;recognition;recognize;cognition*;quaint*
“-colo-/-cole-/-cult-”: farm;settlement;cultivate;inhabit(殖,植)→agriculture;colony;colonial;culture;cultivate;cult*
“-commo-/-commu-”: general;universal;share(共,普,享)→common;communicate;communication;community
“-contra-/-counter-”: against;opposite(反對,對抗)→contradiction;contrary;contrast;country
“-cord-/-cor-/-cour-”: heart;gut(心,內(nèi)臟)→accord;cord;cordial;core;courage;discourage;encourage;record;recorder
“-coupl-/-cop-”: birth;pair(結(jié)子;連接)→couple
“-corp-/-corpus-”: body(身體)→corporate;corporation;incorporate
“-cosm-/-kosm-”: universe;order;world(宇宙,世界)→cosmic
“-count-”: count;calculate;compute(計,算,數(shù))→account;accountant;count;counter;county;discount “-coup-/-cop-”: cut;to strike(剪,擊)→coupon
“-cours-/-cor-/-cur-”: run;flow(跑,流)→corridor;course;current;currency;curriculum;discourse;excursion;hurry;incur;intercourse;occur;occurrence;recur;recourse*
“-covr-/-cover-”: cover over(覆蓋)→cover;discover;uncover
“-creat-”: make;produce(產(chǎn)生;創(chuàng)造)→create;creation;creativity;creature;creationism;recreate
“-cred-”: credit;faith(相信)→credential;credit;discredit;credible;credulous;grant;incredible;creed*
“-cres-/-creas-/-cruit-”: grow(增加,增長)→concrete;crew;decrease;increase;increasingly;recruit;crescent*
“-crim-”: verdict;accusation(裁決,判決;指控)→crime;criminal;criminologist*
“-crimin-/-cris-/-crit-/-cros-/-crux-”: ①cross;②divide;decide;able to discern(十字形;分開,區(qū)分)→cross;crucial;cruise;// crisis;criteria;discriminate;discrimination;crusade*
“-crop-”: sprout;craw(萌芽;芽)→crop;cruise
“-crud-/-crud-/-crue-”: press;hurry(血腥,粗糙;敦促;急迫)→crude;cruel;cruelty;crowd
“-cuit-/-cuis-”: cook(烹飪)→biscuit
“-cum(u)-/-cil-”: heap up(堆積)→accumulate;council;coil;cull*
“-cur-/-car-/-cher-”: care;dear(關(guān)心;珍愛)→accurate;accuracy;care;careful;caress;charity;cherish;cure;curious;secure;security;charity*;precarious*
“-cus-/-curs-”: curse(詛咒)→accuse;curse;excuse
“-damn-/-demn-/-temn-”: damn(譴責(zé))→condemn;contempt;damage;damn;danger
“-day-/-dai-”: day(日;天)→dial;daily;day;diary
“-dec-/-deci-”: ten
(十)→dean;decade;December;decimal
“-dece-/-deco-”: ornament(教堂裝飾)→decent;decorate
“-demo-”: people;folk(民;民眾)→democracy;democratic;epidemic;demography* “-dense-”: thick(厚;濃)→condense;dense;density
“-deterior-”: worse(更糟糕)→deteriorate
“-di-/-du-/-doub-/-dub-”: two(二,兩,雙;懷疑,可疑)→dilemma;double;dubious;duplicate;dual*;doubt;doubtful;undoubtedly
“-dic-”: fix(固定;決定)→addict
“-dic-/-diti-/-dex-/-doc-/-dox-”: ①speak;②teach;show;belief(說;教,信仰)→condition;contradict;contradiction;contradictory;dedicate;dictate;dictation;discipline;index;indicate;indication;predict;verdict;//doctor;doctrine;document;orthodox;paradox;indict*;jurisdiction*;docile*;dogma*
“-digni-/-divi-/-divu-/-dei-”: god;worth;merit(神;價值,優(yōu)點)→divine;dignity;indignity*;disdain*
“-domai-/-domi-”: lord(貴族;封地)→domain;dome;domestic;dominant;dominate;domineering*;dauntless*
“-dorm-/-diz-/-doz-/-daz-”: sleep;quiet;lull;weak(睡眠;眩目;安靜)→dazzle;dizzy;doze;dormant;dormitory;daze*
“-dot-/-dote-/-don-/-dat-/-dos-/-dit-”: give;grant(給予;授予)→anecdote;donate;dote;data;date;dose;dosage;edit;editor;edition;editorial;endow;pardon;render;tradition;treason;update;up-to-date
“-drain-/-dry-/-drou-”: dry(干燥)→drain;draught;dry;drought;drug;draw;dredge*
“-dram-/-dras-”: do;perform(做;履行)→drama;dramatically;drastic
“-dress-”: direct;straight;arrange(直接;安排)→address;dress
“-drift-/-drive-”: float(漂移)→drift
“-duc-/-duct-/-doc-”: lead(領(lǐng),導(dǎo))→conduce;conduct;deduce;dock;educate;education;induce;introduce;introduction;produce;product;production;productivity;reduce;reduction;reproduce;seduce*
“-due-/-dev-/-deb-”: owe(欠)→debt;due;duty;endeavor;undue;unduly*;dues*
“-dur-/-duur-”: last;harden(延續(xù);艱辛)→door;durable;duration;during;endurance;endure;indulge
“-dare-/-durr-/-turr-”: venture;dare(冒險)→dare
“-ease-/-aise-”: comfort;to relieve(安逸;減輕)→disease;ease;easy;uneasy
“-eco-”: life;environment;money(生命;環(huán)境;金錢)→ecology;economic;economical;economics;economy
“-equa-”: to equal;level(平等;等同)→adequate;equal;equality;equation;equivalent
“-ern-”: energetic;activity(能量;活動)→earnest;energy
“-err-”: wanderer;to err(偏移;過錯)→erroneous;error
“-esse-/-ens-/-esse-/-est-”: to exist;to be(存在)→absent;absence;entity;essence;interest;presence;present;presently;represent;representative
“-eston-/-stun-”: strike with thunder(打擊;驚異)→astonish;pierce
“-et-/-eat-/-ed-”: eat(吃)→eat;eatable;edible
“-ethn-/-ethno-”: nation;race(民族;種族)→ethnic
“-exam-/-exem-”: weigh;take out(掂量;取樣)→exam;examination;example;sample
“-exo-/-ext-”: outside(在外)→exotic;exterior;external;extra;extreme
“-fabr-/-forg-”: workshop;craftsman(制作;工藝)→fabric;fabricate;forge
“-face-/-fac-/-fect-/-fic-/-fy/-feas-/-fair-/-feat-”: to do;to make;// easy;facile(做,作,制;容易)→affair;affect;benefit;beneficial;to certificate;defeat;defect;deficient;effect;effective;efficiency;efficient;exemplify;face;fact;factor;factory;fashion;fashionable;feasible;feat;feature;fiction;infect;infection;office;officer;official;perfect;perfection;proficiency;profit;profitable;suffice;sufficient;superficial;surface;faction*;// difficult;difficulty;facilitate;facility;faculty;facet*;prefecture*;profiteering*
“-fail-/-fal-/-faut-”: to disappoint;deceitful(失誤,失望;欺騙)→fail;failure;fall;false;fault;fell
“-faint-/-faind-”: sluggish;feigned;idle(閑游)→faint
“-fari-/-fame-/-fate-/-face-/fabu-/-phec-/-fess-/-fit-”: speak;narrative(說,講,談)→confess;confession;fable;fabulous;fame;famous;fate;fatal;infant;preface;profess;profession;professor;professional;prophet;fabulous* fudge*
“-fasc-”: bewitch;charm;an enchantment(著迷)→fascinate
“-fav-”: protect;show kindness to(庇護;善意)→favor;favorite;favorite
“-feb-”: weep;to be lamented(哀泣)→feeble
“-fend-/-fence-/-fens-”: protect;shield;strike(保護)→defend;fence;offence;offend;offensive
“-fer-/-far-/-fert-/-ford-”: bring;take;carry;to bear(birth)(帶,拿,載,承擔(dān))→afford;affordable*;confer;conference;cf;differ;different;difference;differentiate;ferry;fertile;indifferent;infer;inference;metaphor;offer;prefer;preferable;preference;refer;reference;suffer;transfer;translate;deferential*
“-feri-/-feru-”: low;below(漂移)→inferior
“-fid-/-fait-/-fed-/-fy-”: trust;confidence(信任,相信)→confide;confident;confidence;defy;defiance;faith;faithful;federal;federation;diffident*
“-fier-/-feru-”: wild;savage(野蠻)→fierce
“-fil-”: son, brother(兒子,兄弟)→affiliate
“-fin-”: end;limit(端點;限制)→confine;confinement;define;definite;definition;definitely;fine;final;finance;financial;fine;finish;finite;infinite
“-fir-/-foc-/-fue-/-fur-/ ” : fire;rage(火,熱;憤怒)→fire;fiery;focus;fuel;furious;furnace;fury
“-firm-/-firm-/-farm-”: make firm;settle(穩(wěn)健,穩(wěn)固)→affirm;confirm;farm;firm
“-flat-/-flar-”: blow(吹,)→inflate;inflation;deflate*;deflation*
“-flex-/-flect-”: bend(彎曲,折)→flexible;reflect;reflection
“-flic-”: strike→(打擊,撞擊)conflict;afflict;inflict*
“-flu-/-flu-/-flo-”: flow;wave(流動;波動)→affluent;float;flow;flood;fluctuate;fluent;fluid;flush;fly;influence;influential;overflow;superfluous
“-fod-/-fos-”: dug up;dig(挖,掘)→fossil
“-fori-”: outside(外部;外圍)→foreign;foreign;forest;forum
“-form-”: form;shape;fashion(形式,形狀,方式)→conform;conformist;form;formal;format;formation;formula;formulate;inform;reform;transform;deform*
“-fort-/-fors-”: ①chance;②strong(天意;強大,力量)→fortune;fortunate;misfortune;// comfort;comfortable;uncomfortable;effort;enforce;force;reinforce;fortitude*;fortress*;fortify*
“-fostr-”: feed;food(食物;滋養(yǎng))→foster
“-frac-/-frag-”: break(打破,破裂)→fraction;fracture;fragile;fragment
“-fray-”: frighten;disturb(驚異;打擾)→afraid
“-front-”: forehead(額頭)→confront
“-func-/-fung-” : perform;discharge(功用)→function
“-fund-/-found-”: bottom;deep;melt;cast(底;深)→found;foundation;fund;fundamental;profound
“-fus-/-fut-/-fund-”: mingle;mix;pour;beat(混合;傾倒)→confuse;diffuse;fund;fuse;futile;refund;refuse;refusal;transfuse*
“-gage-”: pledge(保證,誓言,抵押)→engage;engagement
“-gard-/-guard-”: look;watch;see(關(guān)注,認(rèn)知)→disregard;guard;regard;regarding;regardless
“-genus-/-gene-/-gine-”: origin;race;produce;breed;talent;contrive;kind(起源;產(chǎn)生;創(chuàng)造;種類)→degenerate;engine;engineer;engineering;gender;gene;general;generalize;generate;generation;generator;generous;genetic;genius;genuine;homogeneous;ingenious;congenital*;genre*
“-gest-”: carry;to bear;bring(載;拿)→digest;gesture;register;suggest;suggestion;gesticulate*
“-graph-/-gram-”: writing(寫)→bibliography;biography;autobiography;diagram;program;calligraphy*
“-grat-/-gree-/-grac-”: rejoice;pleasure(快樂;高興)→agree;agreement;agreeable;congratulate;disgrace;grace;grateful;gratitude;greet;greeting;ingratiate*;gratis*
“-grav-/-grave-/-grie-/-gret-”: make heavier(變得沉重)→aggravate;grave;gravity;grieve;grief;regret;grievance*
“-gress-/-grad-/-gree-/-greg-/-gru-”: step;go;flock(步伐;走;聚合)→aggressive;aggression;congress;degree;grade;gradual;graduate;progress;progressive;segregate;upgrade;transgress*;gregarious*
“-guise-”: manner(方式)→disguise
“-gust-/-gous-”: taste(品味;胃口)→disgust
“-hab-/-hib-”: hand;hold(forth);have;living condition;dress;character(拿;持;生存;穿戴)→able;disable;exhibit;habit;habitat;heave;heavy;inhibit;prohibit;*rehabilitate;inhibit*;cohabit*
“-hale-”: whole;pull;draw;breathe(吸;拉)→haul;heal;health;healthy;inhale
“-hanc-/-haut-”: high;raise(高度)→enhance
“-hand-/-haur-/-haus-”: seize;draw(手;??;拿;抓)→exhaust;hand;handbook;handicap;handkerchief;handle;handsome;handwriting;handy;hint
“-her-/-hes-”: to stick to(粘,貼)→adhere;cohere;coherent;cohesive;hesitate
“-host-/-hosp-”: guest;inn;enemy(旅店,客人;敵人)→hospital;hospitality;host;hostess;hostage;hotel
“-iden-”: same(完全相同)→identical;identify;identification;identity
“-imi-/-ima-”: copy;representation(復(fù)制;代表)→image;imaginary;imagination;imaginative;imagine;imitate
“-initi-/-ire-/-it-”: initiate;go(開始;行走)→commence;exit;initial;initiate;initiative;issue;perish;transient;transition
“-insul-/-isol-/-isle-”: made into an island(島嶼;孤立)→insulate;isolate;peninsula
“-jac-/-jec-/-ject-”: to lie;throw(位置;扔向)→adjacent;adjective;eject;inject;jet;object;objection;objective;project;projector;reject;subject;subjective;deject*;conjecture*
“-jun-/-jon-/-junc-”: add;join;unite(加入;增加;聯(lián)合)→conjunction;junction;jungle;join;adjoin;adjunct
“-just-/-jur-/-judg-/-judi-”: just;right;law(公正;法律;權(quán)利)→just;adjust;injury;judge;judgment;judicious;jury;just;justice;justice;justify;prejudice “-jut-/-juv-”: help(幫助;用途)→aid
“-lab-/-lap-”: fall;slip(滑倒;閃失)→collapse;elapse;lap;lapse
“-labor-”: toil;work(工作,辛苦)→elaborate;lab;laboratory;labor
“-lais-/-lax-/lac-”: to leave;slack;lax;loosen(松開;離開)→delay;elastic;lace;lack;lazy;lease;let;loose;loosen;relax;relay;release;relish;slack;unleash*
“-langu-/-lingu-”: tongue;language(舌頭;語言)→language;linguistic
“-leg-/-leag-/-lec-/-lig-/-lite-”: choose;select(挑選;精選)→colleague;collect;collection;collective;diligent;elect;elegant;eligible;elite;intellectual;intelligence;intelligent;intelligible;league;neglect;negligible;recollect;select;selection;negligent
“-lex-/-leg-/-lig-/-alier-/-alo-”: law;binding;tie(法律;捆綁;限制)→ally;alliance;alloy;colleague;illegal;legal;league;legislation;legislative;legitimate;leisure;liability;liable;loyal;;loyalty;obligation;oblige;privilege;rally;reliant;reliable;rely;religion;religious;liaison*;litigant*
“-lev-/-lieve-”: light;lighten;raise(減輕;提高)→alleviate;relief;elevate;elevator;lever;levy;relevant;relief;relieve
“-libr-/-leve-”: to weigh;scales(衡量;天平)→deliberate;level
“-lic-/-lect-” : pleasure(愉快;愉悅)→delicate;delicious;delight;delectable*;relics*;relish*
“-lit-/-litte-/-lege-”: letters;reading and writing(字母;讀寫能力)→illiterate;lecture;legend;lesson;letter;literacy;literally;literary
“-loc-/-lic-/-liber-/-libr-”: place;to be allowed;freedom(地點;應(yīng)允;自由)→allocate;allow;couch;leisure;license;local;locality;locate;location;locale*;// deliver;liberal;liberate;liberty
“-logos-/-log-/-logue-/-leg-/-lect-”: speech;cite;ratio(話語;引證;比例)→allege;allegation;analogue;apology;apologize;;dialect;dialogue;eloquent;logic;eulogize*
“-loud-/-low-/-laud-”: extol;praise(抬高;稱贊)→loud;aloud
“-lue-/-lut-/-lav-”: wash(洗)→dilute;laundry;lavatory;lavish*
“-lum-/-lus-” : light(光,輝)→illuminate;illustrate;illustration;luminous*;luster*
“-magni-/-mast-/-maj-/-man-/-mas-”: great;more;to a greater extent;man(男性;偉大;雄偉)→magistrate;magnificent;magnify;magnitude;majesty;major;majority;male;man;marital;marriage;married;marry;masculine;master;maximum;mayor;* maxim
“-mand-/-mend-”: correct(正確;改正)→amend;mend
“-manu-”: hand(手;控制)→maintain;maintenance;manage;management;manager;manoeuvre;manifest;manner;manual;manufacture;manuscript;*manifesto;emancipation*;manacle*;mound*
“-mass-”: lump;dough(面團)→mass;massive
“-mat-”: mother(母體)→material;matter;maternal*
“-maz-”: surprise(驚異)→amaze;amazing
“-med-”: heal(治療;理療)→medical;medicine;medication;remedy;medication*
“-memo-/-mind-/-ment-/-mod-”: mind;think;brain(大腦;思考;思索)→commemorate;comment;meditate;mediation;memo;memorial;memory;mention;mind;remember;remind;mental;mood;amnesty*;premeditate*;reminiscence*
“-merc-/-mark-”: wares;merchandise;goods;trade(商品;貨物;交換)→commerce;market;merchandise;merchant;mercury;mercy;mart*;mercenary*
“-merg-/-mers-”: dip;plunge(沉浸;浸入)→emerge;emergence;emergency;immerse;merge;submerge
“-meter-/-mens-/-mod-/-mold-”: measure;manner;make fit(量化;恰當(dāng);合適)→accommodate;centimeter;commodity;diameter;dimension;immense;mate;meal;measure;meter;metric;millimeter;mode;model;moderate;modern;modernization;modest;modify;module;mould;parameter;symmetry;commensurate*;out-moded*;modular*
“-mid-/-med-/-mon-/-mun-”: middle;common(中間;中庸;共同;普通)→amid;common;commonplace;commonwealth;communication;communicate;communism;immediate;intermediate;mean;means;meantime;meanwhile;medieval;medium;middle;midst;meddle*
“-mine-/-main-/-man-”: stand;stay(處于;狀態(tài))→eminent;permanent;prominent;remain;remainder;remains;remnant
“-mini-/-minu-/-mino-”: small;reduce(少;?。粶p少)→administer;administration;diminish;menu;miniature;minimize;minimum;minister;ministry;minor;minority;minus;minute;mince*
“-miru-/-mire-/-mare-”: wonder;wonderful(驚異;奇跡)→admire;admirable;admiration;marvelous;miracle;mirror;mirage*
“-mit-/-mis-/-mess-/-mand-/-mend-”: send;put;join;entrust;order(送;放;加入;委托)→admit;admission;command;commend;commit;commission;committee;compromise;demand;demanding;dismiss;emit;intermittent;mess;message;messenger;missile;mission;missionary;omit;permission;permit;premise;promise;promising;recommend;submit;transmit;transmission;mandate(委任)*;submissive*;unremitting*;promissory*
“-mob-/-mot-/-mov-/-mo-/-migr-”: to move;change one’s abode(動;移動;搬遷)→automobile;emigrate;immigrant;emotion;locomotive;migrate;migrant;mob;mobile;mobilize;moment;momentary;motion;motivation;motivate;motive;motor;move;movie;movement;promote;remote;removal;remove;demobilization*;demote*
“-mon-/-mons-”: show;warn(告戒;告示)→demonstrate;monitor;monster;monument;admonish*;muster*
“-mount-”: mountain;climb(山;增高)→amount;mount
“-mune-/-muno-”: duty;service(職責(zé);功用)→immune;immunity;municipal
“-muse-/-muse-”: think;art of the Muses(思索)→amuse;museum;music
“-mute-/-miss-”: change;replace(改變;替換)→commute;miss;missing;mutual;commuter*“-name-/-nom-/-nym-”: naming(名稱;提名;命名)→name;namely;nominal;nominate;noun;surname;nominal*
“-nat-/-nas-”: to be born(出生,天生)→innate;na?ve;nation;national;nationality;native;natural;nature;pregnant;renaissance
“-nec-”: bind;tie(捆綁;聯(lián)系)→connect;necessary;annex*
“-neg-/-ny-/-n-”: say “no”(否定;否認(rèn))→deny;denial;negate;negative;no;nor;neither
“-noc-/-nui-”: harm;hurt;injure(傷害)→annoy;innocent;nuisance;odium;ennui
“-norm-”: rule;pattern(規(guī)則;尺度)→abnormal;enormous;norm;normal;normalization;enormity*
“-note-/-nota-”: mark;sign;indication(標(biāo)記)→denote;notable;note;notebook
“-nov-/-new-”: new(新)→innovation;new;news;novel;novelty;renew;renovate
“-num-”: number(數(shù)字)→innumerable;number;numerical;numerous
“-nunc-/-nunti-/-nounce-”: messenger;announce;report(信息;宣布;報告)→announce;announcement;denounce;pronounce;pronunciation;renounce*;enunciation*;renunciation*
“-nur-/-nut-”: nourish;feed(滋養(yǎng);撫育)→nurse;nursery;nurture;nutrition;nurture;nourish*;malnourished*
“-ole-/-ale-/-ule-” : feed;nourish(成長,滋養(yǎng))→abolish;adolescent;adult;coalition;old;(aliment;prolific)
“-opera-”: work(運作)→cooperate;cooperation;cooperative;manoeuvre;office;opera;operate;operation;operator;operational
“opt ”: choose(選擇)→adopt;adopted;adoption;opt;optional
“-ordin-/-order-”: arranging(安排;排列)→coordinate;coordination;disorder;order;orderly;ordinary;subordinate
“-ore-/-ora-”: pray;speak;say(說話;祈禱;崇拜)→adore;orate;oration
“-organ-”: implement;work;tool(工具;機體)→organ;organic;organization;organize;organism
“-ori-”: rise(升起;出現(xiàn))→arise;arouse;origin;orient;oriental;orientation;origin;original;originate
“-pact-/-pag-”: fasten;contract(捆綁;收緊)→compact;impact;page;pact
“-pair-/-pejor-”: worse(使更糟)→impair;pejorative*
“-pal-/-pale-”: pale(慘白)→appall;pale
“-pan-”: bread(面包)→accompany;company;companion
“-pand-”: spread;extend(擴展;發(fā)展)→expand;expansion
“-par-/-pare-”①: ready;prepare;bring(準(zhǔn)備)→apparatus;parade;parent;prepare;preparation;repair
“-pare-/-pari-/-pero-/-peri-” ②: equal;order;place(對等;等級)→compare;comparison;comparable;emperor;empire;imperative;imperial;pair;peer;separate;several;disparity*
“-part-/-parc-/-port-”: part;piece;divide(部分;分開)→apart;apartment;compartment;depart;department;impart;impartial;parcel;part;partial;participate;particle;particular;partly;partner;party;patch;portion “-pace-/-pass-/-pet-”: step(步伐;行走)→compass;pace;pass;passage;passenger;passerby;passport;past;pastime;surpass;
“-pater-/-patri-”: father(父親)→patriotic;patron;pattern;patriarchal*;patriarch*
“-pati-/-pass-/-path-”: suffering;emotion;feelings(痛苦;情感;感受)→compassion;compatible;impatient;passion;passive;pathetic;patient;patience;sympathetic;sympathize;sympathy;repent*
“-pax-/-peace-/-pac-”: peace(和平;安靜)→pacific;pay;peace
“-pear-/-par-”: become visible(可見的)→apparent;appear;appearance;apparently;disappear;transparent
“-ped-/-pes-”: foot(腳;足;行)→expedition;pedal;pedestrian;impeachment*;impede*
“-pel-/-pul-/-pete-/-peat-”: drive;push;seek(推動;爭奪;尋覓)→appetite;appeal;appealing;compel;compete;competition;competitive;competitor;competent;compulsory;expel;impetus;perpetual petition;impulse;propel;pull;pulse;push;repel;unappealing;repeal*;dispel*;repulse*
“-pend-/-pens-”①: hang(懸掛)→appendix;depend;dependent;dependence;independence;independent;pendulum;suspend;perpendicular*
“-pend-/-pens-/-pound-/-pounce-”②: weigh;pay(掂量;量化;錢財)→compensate;compensation;expend;expenditure;expensive;indispensable;pension;ponder;pound;spend;dispensable*
“-spers-/-sperg-”: scatter(散開)→disperse;disperse;sparse
“-peri-/-pers-/-pert-”: prove;proof;peril(證明;證實)→experience;experiment;experimental;expert
“-peri-”: around;near;about;away(周圍;附近;離去)→period;periodical;perish
“-phant-/-fant-/-fanc-/-pha-”: vision;show(視覺;顯現(xiàn))→fancy;fantasy;phase;phenomenon
“-pic-/-ping-”: paint(繪,畫)→depict;paint;painter;painting;picture;pine;picturesque*
“-pile-/-pole-”: pack(組合)→compile;pile;pillar;pole;polar
“-plac-/-plea-”: pleasure(快樂)→plea;plead;pleasant;please;pleasure;complacently*
“-place-”: place(地點;放置)→displace;place;replace
“-plain-/-plang-”: bewail;lament(挽歌)→complain;complaint
“-plan-/-plain-”: flatten;level(平坦)→explain;explanation;plain
“-plaud-/-plaus-/-plode-”: clap(拍手;鼓掌)→applaud;applause;explode;plausible
“-ple-/-pli-/-ply-”: fill up(充滿)→accomplish;complement;complete;compliment;comply;implement;plenty;supply;depletion*;replenish*;replete*
“-plec-/-plic-/-plo-/-ply-”: braid;fold(折疊)→appliance;application;apply;complex;complicate;complicated;diploma;diplomatic;display;duplicate;employ;employment;explicit;exploit;implication;implicit;imply;multiply;perplex;plait;plight;reply;simple;simplicity;simplify;simply;deploy*;plait*;pleat*
“-plor-”: weep;cry(哭泣;爭奪)→deplore;explore;implore*
“-point-/-punt-”: point(點)→appoint;appointment;punctual
“-pon-/-pos-/-pound-”: put;place(放置;地點)→component;compose;composite;composition;compound;deposit;disposal;dispose;disposable;disposition;expose;exposure;impose;opponent;oppose;opposite;poem;poet;poetry;pose;position;positive;post;postage;postcard;poster;postman;postpone;posture;preposition;proposal;propose;proposition;suppose;appose*;decompose*;potency*;presupposition*;proponent*;repose*
“-pop-/-pub-”: crowd;nation;people(大眾;民眾)→people;pop;populace;popular;population;populist;public;publication;publicity;publish;republic;republican
“-port-”: carry;approach(接近)→import;importance;important;report;opportunity;port;portable;report;reporter;support;transport
“-poss-/-pote-”: to be able;to have power(能力;力量)→impossible;possess;possession;potent;possible;possibility;possibly;potential;power;powerful;omnipotent*
“-prac-/-prag-”: do;act(做;實踐)→practical;practically;practice;practicality;practitioner;pragmatic
“-pris-/-prehend-/-prehens-”: seize;hold(抓,拿,取;容納)→comprehend;comprise;prison;prisoner;surprise;apprehension*
“-press-/-prem-/-prin-”: press;imprint;strike(打擊;撞擊)→compress;depress;impress;oppress;press;pressure;print;repression;suppress;reprimand*
“-prim-/-prem-/-prote-”: first(第一,首要,首先)→premier;primary;prime;primitive;prince;principal;protein;prototype;pristine*
“-pris-/-prais-/-prec-”: prize;value(獎勵;稱道;珍惜)→appraise;prize;appreciate;enterprise;entrepreneur;interpret;praise;prize;price;premium
“-priv-/-propr-/-proach-/-prope-/-prox-”: one’s own;make one’s own;single // near(自我,自己;接近)→appropriate;approximate;deprive;peculiar;proper;property;privacy;private;privilege;// approach;reproach
“-prov-/-prod-”: profit;beneficial(益處;好處)→improve;improvement
“-prove-/-prob-”: test;prove(測試;證明)→approve;probability;probable;proof;prove;probation*
“-pun-/-pen-/-pain-/-poi-”: punish;grief;penalty;pierce(痛苦;懲罰)→pain;penalty;pen;point;punish;punitive*
“-put-”: think(思考;思索)→computer;computer;deputy;dispute;repute
“-quali-”: state;nature(所屬類別;屬性)→qualification;qualify;qualitative;quality
“-quanti-”: extent;amount(所有數(shù)量;多少)→quantity;quantify;quantitative
“-quart-”: fourth(四分之一)→quart;quarter;quarterly;square
“-quir-/-quis-/-quer-/-quest-”: get;seek(爭,奪,搶)→acquire;acquisition;conquer;conquest;quest;cry;enquire;exquisite;inquire;inquiry;quarrel;quest;question;questionnaire;request;require;requirement;quiz;exquisite*;prerequisite*;querulous*
“-rad-/-rude-”: root;ray(根;散發(fā);放射)→radiant;radiate;radiation;radical;radio;radius;ray;root;radium*;rude;rudimentary*
“-range-/-range-/-ray-”: range;put in a row(安排)→arrange;array;range
“-rap-”: seize;beat(打;奪;搶)→rap;rape;rapid;rapt*;rapture*;ravage*
“-rat-/-reas-”: thinking;reasoning;calculate(掂量;計算;推理)→rate;ratio;ration;read;reader;reason;reasonable;reckon
“-rect-/-reg-/-rig-/-roy-/-rex-”: straight;make straight;lead straight;rule;king(皇帝;規(guī)則;命令)→alert;correct;direct;direction;directly;director;erect;escort;rectangle;rectify;right;rigorous;upright;realm;regime;region;regular;regulate;regulation;reign;rich;royal;royalty;rule;ruler “-relate-”: relation(說法;關(guān)聯(lián))→correlate;correlation;relation;relativity;relate;interrelation
“-rest-/-rit-”: stand firm;established;stop(穩(wěn)??;靜止;停止)→arrest;irritate;rest;restless
“-riv-/-rip-/-rig-”: riverbank;reach the bank;stream(河流;起源;河畔)→arrive;arrival;derive;rival;irrigate;ripple;rise;river
“-rod-/-ros-”: gnaw;scrape;shave(啃;磨)→corrode;corrosion;erosion;rat;razor
“-rogat-”: ask(詢問)→arrogate;interrogate
“-roll-/-rot-”: roll;turn(滾動)→control;role;roll;rotate;rotary
“-rud-”: rush;fall(匆促;下降)→rude;ruins
“-rupt-”: break(打破;破裂)→abrupt;bankrupt;corrupt;disrupt;erupt;interrupt;route;routine
“-sacer-/-sanc-”: holy(神圣)→sacred;sacrifice;saint;sanction
“-sala-/-salt-/-saus-”: salt(鹽)→salad;salary;salt;sauce;saucer;sausage;saline*
“-salt-/-sult-”: leap(跳躍)→assault;insult;result;resultant
“-salv-/-salu-”: safety(安全)→safe;safety;safeguard;salute;salvage;save;saving
“-sati-/-satu-”: enough(足夠;充足)→asset;satisfy;satisfactory;satisfied;saturate;sad;satire;satisfaction;satisfactory;satisfy;saturate;insatiable*
“-scala-/-scend-/-scent-”: ladder(梯子;爬;高)→ascend;ascent;descend;descendant;descent;transcend;transcendentalist*;escalate;scale;scan
“-scam-/-shame-”: shame(慚愧)→ashamed;shame
“-sci-”: know(認(rèn)知)→conscience;conscientious;conscious;consciousness;science;scientific;scientist;subconsciously*
“-scrib-/-scrip-”: write;writing(寫)→describe;description;manuscript;prescribe;prescription;script;subscribe;transcript*;conscription*;scribbler*;scripture*
“-sect-/-sec-/-seg-”: cut(分;離)→insect;intersection;sail;sailor;saw;sect;section;sector;segment;sex
“-secu-/-sequ-/-sic-”: follow(跟從;隨從)→consecutive;consequence;consequent;consequently;execute;executive;intrinsic;persecute;prosecute;pursue;pursuit;second;secondary;sequence;subsequent;sue;suit;suitable;suite;ensue*
“-sem-/-sim-”: bring together(聚合;聚攏)→assemble;assimilate;similar;simulate;resemblance;resemble;same;seem;similar;simulate;simultaneous
“-sens-/-sent-/-cens-”: feeling(感受;認(rèn)知)→census;consensus;consent;nonsense;resent;scent;sensation;sense;sensible;sensitive;sentiment;sentence;resentment*;sensory*
“-sere-/-sert-”: join(加入;連接)→assert;desert;exert;insert;serial;series
“-serv-”①: keep safe;keep;watch(保持;看護)→conserve;conservation;conservative;observe;preserve;reservation;reserve;reservoir
“-serv-/-servr-”②: serve;slave(奴隸)→deserve;dessert;servant;serve;service
“-sess-/-sid-”: sit(處于;座位;坐)→assess;obsess;possess;possession;preside;president;reside;resident;residence;saddle;seat;seize;sit;session;set;settle;siege;sit;site;situated;situation;subsidy;sedative*;subside*;dissident*
“-sid-”: stars(星星)→consider;considerable;considerate;considerably;consideration
“-sign-”: mark out(標(biāo)記)→assign;sign;signify;design;designate
“-sip-/-sup-”: throw(扔;投)→dissipate
“-soci-”: join;an ally;companion(加入;聯(lián)盟;伙伴)→associate;association;sociable;social;socialism;society;sociology
“-sole-/-sola-/-solu-”: alone;lonely(孤獨)→desolate;sole;solitary
“-sole-/-soli-/-sil-”: pleasure;strong;firm(強健;穩(wěn)?。鷆onsole;consolidate;silly;solid;solitary
“-solv-/-solu-”: loose;release;free from debt(松解;放松)→dissolve;resolute;resolve;resolution;soluble;solution;solve
“-sorb-”: suck in(吸入)→absorb
“-spec-”: individual;species(個體;種類)→especial;especially;special;specialize;specialist;specialty;specific;species;specification;specify;spice;spicy
“-spect-/-spi(s)-”: look;sight;watch(看,視力;認(rèn)知)→aspect;conspicuous;despise;despite;expect;expectation;inspect;perspective;prospect;prospective;respect;respective;retrospect;specimen;spectacle;spectacular;spectator;spectrum;speculate;spite;spy;suspect;suspicion;suspicious;introspect*;retrospect*
“-sper-/-spir-”: hope;breathe(呼吸;希望;生靈)→aspire;conspiracy;despair;expire;inspire;prosper;prosperity;prosperous;speed;spirit;spiritual
“-spond-”: pledge(保證,誓言,抵押)→correspond;correspondence;corresponding;respond;response;responsible;responsibility;sponsor;spouse;responsive*
“-stand-/-stanc-/-star-/-stab-/-state-/-stit-/-sist-”: stand;stay;set(up);place;establish(成型;保持;樹立;構(gòu)成)→constituent;circumstance;constitute;constant;destiny;destination;distance;establish;establishment;estate;instead;institute;institution;obstacle;rest;stability;stable;stadium;staff;stage;stall;stance;stand;standard;standpoint;state;statement;statesman;static;station;stationary;statistics;statistical;statue;status;statute;stay;steer;stem;still;stool;substance;substantial;substitute;superstitious;system;systematic;understand;withstand;prostitute*;status quo;// assist;assistant;consist;consistent;consistency;exist;existence;insist;instance;instant;persist;resist;resistance;resistant;transistor;reinstate*;restitution*;solstice*
“-stil-”: drop(下落)→distill;instill
“-stinc-/-sting-”: separate;quench(分離;熄滅;蟄)→distinct;distinction;distinguish;instinct;extinct;extinguish;stick;sticky;stimulate;sting;stitch
“-stor-”: stake(庫存)→restaurant;restore;stock;store;storage
“-string-/-strain-/-strict-”: to bind;contract(捆緊;棒緊)→constrain;distress;district;prestige;restrain;restraint;restrict;strain;strength;stress;strict;string;strong
“-struc-/-stroy-”: pile up;erect;build(結(jié)構(gòu);建立)→construct;construction;destroy;destruction;industrial;industry;industrialize;infrastructure;instruct;instruction;instrument;obstruct;obstruction;strain;structure
“-sume-/-sum-”: take(拿;??;承擔(dān))→assume;assumption;assuming;consume;consumption;presumably;presume;resume
“-sul-/-sel-”: summon;gather(召集)→consult;counsel
“-sum-/-super-”: superior(超;圓滿)→consummate
“-sure-/-sur-”: secure;make sure(確保;確信)→assure;assurance;ensure;insure;reassure;sure
“-tach-/-stake-”: stake(樹樁;關(guān)鍵)→attach;attached;attack;detached;stake
“-tail-”: cut;limitation(減切)→tailor;detail;entail;retail;tailor
“-tain-/-ten-/-tent-/-tin-/-tact-/-teger-/-tang-”: hold // touch;reach(把握;接觸,延伸)→contain;content;detain;entertain;maintain;maintenance;obtain;retain;retention;sustain;tenant;tennis;// attain;contact;contaminate;continent;continue;continual;continuous;entire;intact;integral;integrate;integrity;tactics;tangible*;continence*;countenance*;pertain*;pertinent*
“-tect-/-tech-”: workman;craftsmanship(工藝;技術(shù))→architect;architecture;technical;technician;technique;technology
“-tege-/-tect-”: cover(覆蓋)→detect;detective;detector;protect
“-temp-/-time-”: time(時間)→contemporary;temper;temperature;temperature;tempo;temporary;tide;extemporize*
“-tend-/-tent-/-tempt-”: extend;stretch;aim;strive for;try(彎曲;傾向;爭;奪)→attempt;attend;attention;attentive;inattention;attendance;contend;extend;extension;extensive;extent;intend;intense;intensity;intensive;intention;pretend;tempt;temptation;tend;tendency;tense;tension;tent;tentative;tone;intent*
“-term-”: end;limit(末端;結(jié)束)→determine;determination;term;terminal;terminate;terminus*;interminable*
“-terr-”: land(土地)→territory;terrain*;terrestrial*
“-testi-/-test-”: witness(證明;證據(jù))→contest;protest;testify;testimony
“-text-”: weave;braid(編織;編織物)→context;pretext;text;textbook;textile;texture;tissue
“-theo-/-thu-”: god(神)→enthusiasm
“-tom-/-tomo-”: cutting(切;砍;剪)→atom;contemplate
“-tor-/tour”: direct;circle(指導(dǎo);環(huán)繞)→attorney;tour;tournament*
“-tort-”: turn;twist(扭曲)→distort;retort;torch;torment;torture
“-tract-/-tire-/-drag-/-draught-/-dra-”: draw towards;pull(拖;拉;抽)→abstract;attract;attraction;attractive;contract;distract;extract;draft;draught;draw;retire;subtract;retreat;trace;track;tractor;trade;trademark;traffic;trail;train;trait;traitor;treat;treaty
“-tramp-”: stamp(踩)→track;tramp;trap;trip
“-trai-/-trea”: hand over(給出)→betray;traitor;treason
“-tribu-/-trib-”: give;assign(給予;呈交)→attribute;contribute;contribution;distribute;tribe;tribute
“-tric-/-trig-”: trifles;complexities(復(fù)雜)→intricate;intrigue;trick
“-triev-/-trouv”: find(找尋)→retrieve
“-triv-/-trop-”: trope(修辭)→contrive
“-trud-”: thrust(投;刺)→intrude;protrude*
“-tue-”: look at(照看)→intuition;intuitive;tuition
“-turb-”: commotion;confuse(擾亂;喧鬧)→disturb;disturbance;perturb*
“-und-/-ound-”: overflow(流溢)→abound;abundant;abundance;abound;redundant;surround;undulating*
“-uni-”: one(一;統(tǒng)一)→onion;uniform;unify;unique;union;unit;unite;universal;universe;university;unitary*
“-use-/-ut-”: employ;use(使用;實用)→abuse;misuse;disuse;utility;utilize;usage;use;used;useful;usual;usually;utilize;utility;utensil*;usurp*;usurer*
“-vad-/-vas-”: go;leave(走;離開)→evade;evasion;invade;invasion;pervade*
“-vaga-”: wander(漫游;走動)→extravagance;extravagant
“-vapor-”: steam(蒸汽)→evaporate
“-vari-/-varu-”: changing(改變;變化)→invariable;variable;variation;variety;various;vary
“-vent-/-ven-”: come;arrive(到來;來臨)→advent;adventure;avenue;convenient;convenience;convene;convention;conventional;event;intervene;invent;invention;inventory;prevent;revenue;venture;souvenir*
“-verb-”: word(言辭;話語)→adverb;verbal;nonverbal;verb;verbal
“-vert/-vers-/-viro-”: turn towards(轉(zhuǎn);扭)→adverse;reverse;converse;adverse*;advertise;anniversary;avert;averse;controversy;controversial;conversely;converse;conversation;convert;conversion;diverse;diversion;divorce;environment;inverse;invert;prose;reverse;universe;universal;university;versatile;verse;version;versus;vertical;veer*;introvert*;perverse*;revert*;veranda*;averse*;diverge*
“-vesti-”: track;footstep(足跡)→investigate;vestige*
“-via-/-vey-”: way;road(路;途徑)→convey;deviate;obvious;previous;trivial;way
“-vic/-vis-/-vid-/-view-”: something seen(看;視)→advise;advice;advisable;envisage;envy;evidence;evident;interview;invisible;provide;provided;provision;review;revise;supervise;survey;video;view;viewpoint;visa;visible;vision;visit;visitor;visual*;vista*;vigilant*;provident*
“-vid-/-vis-”: divide;separate;widow(分離)→devise;device;divide;dividend;individual;widow
“-vinc-/-vict-”: conquer;overcome;→convict;convince;conviction;province;revenge;victory;vengeance*;avenge*
“-viv-/-vit-/-vio-/-vig-/-verg-/-val-/-wor-/-war-”:(男性)①life;live(生命力);②strength;strong;(力量);③worth(價值);④truth(真實;可靠)→verge;vegetarian;vegetation;vegetarian;revive;survival;survive;valid;validity;violate;violent;violence;vital;vivid;verify;very;virtue;virtual;vital;vivid;vitamin;viable*;vigorous;war;verdure*;vehemently;* valorous*;valiantly*;warrior*;// worth;worthwhile;worthy;// avail;available;equivalent;evaluate;evaluation;invalid;invaluable;prevail;prevalent;valid;valuable;value;valor*;invigorating*;inviolability*
“-voc-/-vok-/-call-”: to call(as witness)(呼喊)→advocate;provoke;call;council;evoke;provoke;recall;reconcile;vocabulary;vocal;vocation;voice;vowel;irrevocable*
“-voi-/-vui-/-vac-/-vit-”: empty;void;cease(空;停)→avoid;void;evacuate;inevitable;vacant;vacation;vacuum;vain;vanish;vanity;vast;void;waste;evacuate*;evanescent*
“-volv-/-volu-/velo-”: roll;wrap(卷;包裹)→develop;development;envelop;envelope;evolution;evolve;involve;revolt;revolution;revolutionary;revolve;volt;volume
“-vove-”: vow(誓言)→devote;vote
“-ward-”: observe;to decide after investigation(認(rèn)知;觀察)→awake;award;aware;reward;upward;toward;wait;wake;warn;watch
“-wit-/-wis-”: know(認(rèn)知)→wise;wisdom;wit;witty;witness