第一篇：2013年常見的幾種英語作文模式

以節(jié)能環(huán)保為題

假設你是星光中學的李華，將參加主題為“Let?sridebicycles”的英語演講比賽活動。請撰寫一份演講稿，主要內(nèi)容：

1、目前汽車帶來的空氣污染和交通堵塞問題

2、騎自行車的益處，如節(jié)能環(huán)保，有利健康等

3、參考詞匯 low-carbon life energy saving

范文：

Good morning，everyone，I?m Li Hua from Xing Guang Middle school。The topic of my speech is “Let?s ride bicycle”。

As is known to all，with the improvement of people?s living standards，cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing great convenience to our life。However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams。

How can we solve the problems then ? As far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution。For one thing，bicycles don?t need any petrol and they are energy –saving。For another，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won?t give off waste gas。What?s more，riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health。

Therefore，let?s take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles。Come on and join us!

Thank you!中國文化為題

假設你是李華，曾在美國學習半年，現(xiàn)已回國。你想聯(lián)系你的美國老師Mr.Smith，但沒有聯(lián)系方式。請根據(jù)以下要點給你的美國同學寫信 1.感謝Tom對你學習上的幫助 2.詢問Mr.Smith的近況并索要其聯(lián)系方式 3.邀請Tom在春節(jié)來中國感受中國文化。

范文：

Dear Tom，Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America。With your help，my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.How is Mr.Smith ? I want to know something about his life.I tried to get in touch with him，but unfortunately I don?t have his address and can?t connect with him。Do you have his email address or his telephone number?

The spring festival is coming。It is an important traditional festival for Chinese，when all the family members get together。It is like Christmas in the western countries。Would you like to come to feel the Chinese culture ? I am sure you will live happily here and learn a lot of funny things。Besides，I can also show you around some places of interest.Best wishes!I am looking forward to your reply。

Yours，Li hua 我要微笑

某報社擬成立“微笑俱樂部”，現(xiàn)向全球征募會員，要求申請者提交一篇題為“I want to smile ”的英語短文。請你以申請者的身份，根據(jù)以下思路寫一篇。

Advantages of smile

Smile at parents and friends----

范文：

I want to smile

There are many advantages of smiling.It can not only make us happy，but also please others.If we smile at life，life will smile on us in return.So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible.First，I would like to smile at parents because they have given me life and taken all the trouble to bring me up.They arrange almost everything for me。With their help，I have made great progress.I would like to say “thank you” to them with a smile.Then my smile should go to myself，for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.In a word , let?s greet every day with a smile.Tomorrow is another day.某報社擬成立“微笑俱樂部”，現(xiàn)向全球征募會員，要求申請者提交一篇題為“I want to smile ”的英語短文。請你以申請者的身份，根據(jù)以下思路寫一篇。

Advantages of smile

Smile at parents and friends----

范文：

I want to smile

There are many advantages of smiling.It can not only make us happy，but also please others.If we smile at life，life will smile on us in return.So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible.First，I would like to smile at parents because they have given me life and taken all the trouble to bring me up.They arrange almost everything for me。With their help，I have made great progress.I would like to say “thank you” to them with a smile.Then my smile should go to myself，for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.In a word , let?s greet every day with a smile.Tomorrow is another day.同學友誼

英語中“please，thank you，sorry”等禮貌用語等具有怎進友誼，改善關系，化解矛盾的神奇力量，因而被稱為“magic words”，請用”magic power of polite words ” 為題寫一篇短文。

范文：

magic power of polite words

More and more people attach great importance to relationship in career success.Being polite is the first and most important step to develop good relationship among friends.Polite words can be easy yet very powerful in your daily life.Always saying please and thank you will make your friends more comfortable and more willing to offer help when necessary。We all know that one man?s success is based on how he deals with people。Always be grateful to other people?s kindness and show your gratitude through the words you speak。The more support you win from other people，the faster you will move towards your goal.Although some people may easily ignore the importance of being polite，we students should form good habits and behave in good manners。First，learn to be friendly to your parents and relatives at home。Then at school，listen respectfully when your teachers instruct you.Follow and accept their advice to improve yourself。You will make further progress if you express your gratitude in time。

Remember，being polite costs nothing but it?s worth millions of dollars.發(fā)言稿

假設你是李華，福建某中學高中生，今年暑假將前往澳大利亞參加主題為“water for life “的交流活動。請你以參訪代表的身份，寫一篇發(fā)言稿。

Global water shortage

What can we do ?

Ways of reserving water

Turn sea water into fresh water-----

范文：

Ladies and gentlemen，Good morning。I ‘m lihua from Fujiang，China。It’s my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it。

As we all know，the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming，environment pollution and the ever-increasing population.Therefore，it is high time we did something about it。

Firstly，an effective way，I think，is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use。Secondly，new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources，for example，turning sea water into fresh water.Thirdly，we must stop water pollution by law.Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water，such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.In conclusion，people around the world should be ware of the real situation of water shortage，protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically。

That’s all.Thank you.關于“汶川變化”的高考英語作文

為紀念汶川大地震三周年，某英文報發(fā)起關注災區(qū)新貌的活動。請根據(jù)提示，以“Great changes ”為題，寫一篇短文應征。1.某中學災后三年來的變化，如教學與活動場所，師生精神面貌等 2.發(fā)生變化的原因 3.你的感想

范文：

Great changes

I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.On May 12，2008，a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school，leaving badly-damaged buildings。It is now，however，taking on a new look.Tall buildings have been set up，including classroom and laboratory buildings，and a library。There is also a new-built standard playground。In the new environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard。It is really amazing that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of life。

Obviously，without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today。It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.Many hands make light work.We can work wonders if you unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need。Union is strength。

關于“晚會主持”的英語作文

假設你是晨光中學學生會主席李華。學生會將舉辦一年一度的英語演講比賽，本年度的主題為“The English novel I like best”。作為組織者，你將在演講比賽開幕式時發(fā)言，請根據(jù)以下說明寫一篇發(fā)言稿。1.說明比賽的意義，如提高英語聽說能力，養(yǎng)成讀書習慣等 2.比賽注意事項，如每人演講不超過5分鐘，言語流利，發(fā)言準確 3.預祝比賽圓滿成功

范文：

The English novel I like best

Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to this year’s English speech competition.This year’s topic is ”the English novel I like best”。It is a really interesting topic。Taking part in this competition is not only a great opportunity for you to improve both your spoken English and listening ability，but also does good to helping you develop a great reading habit.In this contest，the time of every participant’s speech will be limited within 5 minutes.Every participant is expected to speak fluently，and your pronunciation should be as precise as possible.I hope everybody can share your favorite English novel，show your speech talent and make friends with each other。At last，I sincerely hope that this year’s English speech competition will be a great success。

Thank you.【素材】郭敬明：少點敬畏之心

2012年，《咬文嚼字》雜志發(fā)動廣大讀者“圍觀名家博客”，專家和網(wǎng)友“咬”上了80后著名作家郭敬明。從他的博客中隨機選取了10萬字，發(fā)現(xiàn)了好幾百個錯別字。

有一些錯誤竟讓人難以置信。如，把“令你們自豪”誤寫成“另你們自豪”，把“自我了結”誤寫成“自我了解”，把“頂著大雨”誤寫成“定著大雨”，把“揮了幾下”誤寫成“輝了幾下”，把“虛偽”誤寫成“虛位”，把“下班”誤寫成“下半”，等等。此外，他的《兩小時后的生日》一文中的“蜉蝣撼樹”也被挑出。唐代韓愈《調(diào)張籍》中有詩句說：“蚍蜉撼大樹，可笑不自量。”后世用“蚍蜉撼樹”，嘲笑力量很小而想動搖強大的東西，諷其自不量力。蜉蝣與蚍蜉都是蟲子，但與“撼樹”搭在一起，只能用“蚍蜉”而非“蜉蝣”。郭敬明是雜志《最小說》《最漫畫》的主編，著有《愛與痛的邊緣》《幻城》等作品，誰能料到，這樣一位深受青少年喜愛的作家，竟然是“錯別字大王”?！兑慕雷帧分骶幒裸戣b在微博中談及這一現(xiàn)象時，引用了當年語文老師批改他作文時的一句批語：“遍地荊棘?！?/p>

【素材解讀】

1.不夠嚴謹。作為知名的青年作家，郭敬明不會糟糕到不會使用漢字的程度。只是他太隨意，太不嚴肅了，竟將一些沒有仔細校對的東西搬到了博客上。沒有嚴謹?shù)淖黠L，如何成大器？

2.敬畏文字。錯別字，看起來似乎是小事，但反映出的卻是一種態(tài)度。尤其是對公眾人物和作家而言，折射出的是底蘊與修養(yǎng)的缺失。

關于“申請信”的高考英語作文

假設你晨光高中的李華。你校擬選拔一些優(yōu)秀學生，利用暑假到晨曦希望小學為學生輔導英語。你希望參加此活動。請根據(jù)提示寫給校評選組一封申請信：1.對此活動的認識(如對本人，學生和社會的益處)2.個人優(yōu)勢(如性格，獨立生活能力，語言能力等)3.你的計劃(如怎樣輔導等)

范文：

Dear Sir/Madam，I?m lihua from class one，senior two。I am wring to apply for the opportunity to help the students in chenxin Hope School with their English.Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation。Meanwhile，I can learn how to get along well the students and benefit the whole school.I?m kind，easy-going and always ready to help others。I wash clothes and make beds by myself to develop independence。English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests。So I think that I am qualified for the position.I plan to communicate with students first to know what they need。Besides，I ?ll try to get them more interested in English by telling stories，singing songs，playing games and so on。

I?d appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity。

Yours Sincerely，Li hua 關于“活動安排”的高考作文

假設你程光中學學生會主席李華。你校將于6月26日接待來自美國的某中學的訪問團。你受學校委托，負責安排其在天津的活動。請根據(jù)提示，給美國的領隊Smith 先生寫一封電子郵件，介紹活動安排并簡要說明理由，最后征求對方的意見。1.上午與我校學生座談(如校園文化，文化差異)2.中午與我校同學共進午餐(餃子，面條等)3.下午和我校學生游覽海河。

范文：

Dear Mr.Smith，I am Lihua，chairman of the student union，from chenguang high schoo.I am very pleased to learn that you are coming to visit our school on June 26.I am writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.In the morning，there will be a forum in the school auditorium，where visitors and students from our school communicate with each other，talking about school life and cultural differences。At noon，you are invited to have lunch in our school cafeteria with students from our school.You can taste dumplings，noodles and other Chinese foods。In the afternoon，the students in our school will show you around the HaiHe river。

How do you like the arrangements ? I hope you will have a nice time in Tian jing

Yours sincerely，Li Hua 高考作文題目：追求夢想，努力奮斗

關于“夢想”

（一）命題理由：夢想是人類的天空，是人生命的意義，也是人前行的動力。它就像是一張支票，給今天以明天的承諾，用明天的陽光照亮今天的路途，讓今天變得更加美好而有意義。夢想總是高于現(xiàn)實，卻又映照著現(xiàn)實。當一日千里的時代來臨時，“夢”的翅膀便騰飛于中國大地。(二）題目設計

云南小伙楊紹平有兩個身份。白天是北京大學南門一家傣族小飯店的傳菜工，忙碌地穿行于廳堂與后廚之間；到了晚上，他的身份則成了北大教室的一名自習學生，爭分奪秒地為自己夢想埋頭苦讀。前不久，楊紹平順利通過了國家司法考試，追逐8年的律師夢，向前邁進了一大步。楊紹平出生在云南雙江縣小富王村的貧寒之家，他在家里5個孩子中排行最小。楊紹平的父親是一名退休的水利工人，曾因被水淹過而落下一身病；他的母親多年前就身患風濕病而癱瘓在床，一直是家里的“藥罐子”。2005年，楊紹平曾考上一所大學，但因為不想讓父母負債供自己念書，他雖然坐上了離家的火車，最終卻瞞著父母沒去學校報到。他準備一邊打工一邊自考法律專科，然后通過升本科拿到畢業(yè)證后參加司法考試，實現(xiàn)自己的律師夢。

半工半讀期間，楊紹平當過賓館保安、綠化工、接待員、傳菜工。楊紹平每天只有兩三個小時的學習時間，這讓他在2011年的司法考試中名落孫山。這一次，他專門向老板請了一個月的假，還在北師大附近租了一間5平米的地下室。手頭的錢不寬裕，他每天在食堂只吃一個素菜；沒錢報司法考試學習班，他就請朋友將課程內(nèi)容用MP3錄下來反復聽。

功夫不負有心人，付出長達8年的努力之后，楊紹平的律師夢終于即將照進現(xiàn)實。

關于繼承、弘揚、創(chuàng)新，高考作文素材和寫法

繼承和創(chuàng)新是一個民族的文化生生不息的兩個輪子。繼承傳統(tǒng)美德，弘揚民族精神，創(chuàng)新民族文化，是永不過時的話題。

【立意角度】

1.文化的發(fā)展離不開繼承與創(chuàng)新

2.創(chuàng)新需要勇氣和智慧

3.在繼承中創(chuàng)新，在創(chuàng)新中繼承

4.固守精神家園

【素材】

【傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承者——余秋雨】

靜坐寒窗苦守，動輒行者無疆。他是長江邊的艄公，溯流而上行一段苦旅;他上高山下的愚叟，舞起雙臂鏟除文化的劣根;他是高明的外科醫(yī)生，剜除傳統(tǒng)中的千年病灶。九萬六千平方公里，滿滿的是他探求文化根源的腳印。游歷歐洲十國，不變的是他永無止境的文化反思。千萬里溯源之路，十余載文化苦旅。秦漢烽煙、魏晉霜雪，在他的筆下再生;唐詩平仄，宋詞韻律，在他的手里跳動。

靜看歷史千層浪，最是智慧余秋雨。

“不臨高山，不知天之高也;不臨深淵，不知地之厚也?！彼恢痹谛凶?，走遍中國，又走向 海外。為深刻理解中華文化，他追根溯源;為全面剖析傳統(tǒng)思想，他游歷世界。他結束了中華文化盲目自信的歷史，他為國人打開了真正的開放之門。

【梅蘭芳-——將京劇藝術引向世界】

從生命的谷底到藝術的巔峰，他的生命本身就是一場華麗的出演，他的一生就像一場永遠聽不到盡頭的京劇。幼年的苦練，青年的繼承，壯年的弘揚，成就了這位將我國的京劇藝術引向世界的第一人。

有的人被流放到貧瘠的土地，他的靈魂卻愈加豐盈;有的人被禁錮在閉塞的山村，他的歌喉卻可以飛躍千山萬水。他沒有出生在京劇世家，也無天賦可作徑，他的生命中本無樂符，可他卻用勤勉繼承了中華戲曲文化的精髓，唱響了京劇的大美。

他傾其一生在弘揚京劇的土壤上耕耘，終于收獲了豐碩的果實。曾赴日，赴美，赴蘇，將京劇藝術引向了世界。創(chuàng)作如歌，弘揚作曲，和曲而歌，方知歌之動聽。

關于堅強、奮發(fā)圖強、信念力量的高考作文 【素材】曾文寂：用寫作迎戰(zhàn)死神

一手高舉著稿子與眼睛平行，一手提筆吃力地在上面記錄著代表發(fā)言。2010年9月25日，在湖北省作家協(xié)會第六次代表大會上，重殘作家曾文寂顯得有些與眾不同。因為患有嚴重的強直性脊柱炎，他不得不直著脖子記錄，再加上腿腳有重疾，時常抽筋疼痛，他還要不時站起來手撐桌子稍事歇息。因患類風濕關節(jié)炎和強直性脊柱炎，一天中90%的時間，他只能僵硬地躺在床上，翻一下身都會疼痛難忍，所以他形容自己 “像一具化石”。

今年62歲的曾文寂，是湖北省作家協(xié)會會員、武漢市作家協(xié)會簽約作家。現(xiàn)在他每天拄著雙拐，站在電腦前寫作，“身體好，一天能寫1000多字，狀況差，就只能寫幾十個字。”28年里，他和同樣重殘的妻子付宇一起，克服身體的病痛和生活中的困難，堅持不懈，發(fā)表了230萬字的文學作品，出版了4本書，并獲得多項全國性大獎。著名作家史鐵生曾為他們的書作序：“人生一世，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)名利財富都是空，人能夠擁有的只有生命本身。但生命的流逝使得它難以實現(xiàn)超越時段的自我確認，唯有文字能夠擔當此任，宣告生命曾經(jīng)在場?！比ツ晗奶?，曾文寂聯(lián)系了武漢市紅十字會遺體捐獻中心。他說：“我的視力一向很好，身上最有價值的器官就是眼角膜，它會讓一直在黑暗中摸索的盲人朋友重見光明?！?/p>

【素材解讀】

1.不甘平凡。曾文寂很平凡，平凡到很少有人知道他的名字。與史鐵生的遭遇幾乎相同，也與史鐵一樣，他沒有向命運低頭，而是用文字讓困境里的生命煥發(fā)了光彩。

2.精神最美。在坎坷的命運面前，曾文寂是堅強的。他用文字展示著自己的才華；他愿意捐獻器官，照亮他人的生命。這種不怨天尤人，發(fā)憤圖強，與命運作斗爭的精神值得每個人學習。堅守夢想，追求夢想，關于信念的力量高考作文素材

【素材】甘相偉：站著上北大

甘相偉的《站著上北大》一書出版了！很多人看到書名都很奇怪，何為站著上北大呢？原來，甘相偉本是北京大學的一名保安，“站著”只是他的一種工作狀態(tài)。憑著自身的努力，他最終成了北大學子。

甘相偉來自大別山區(qū)的偏遠山村，由于幼年喪父，家境貧寒，他不得不放棄到縣里高中讀書的機會。2007年初，心中的讀書夢再次燃起，他來到北京，和眾多學子一起走進了夢寐以求的燕園。不同的是，甘相偉成為了北大西門的一名保安。生活在燕園，行走在未名湖畔，甘相偉貪婪地享受著北大的人文氛圍。工作之余，他溜進課堂蹭課、聽名師講座、泡圖書館??2008年，他參加了成人高考，并以高出錄取分數(shù)線60分的成績成為北大成教院中文系的本科生。從此，甘相偉開始半工半讀。站在崗亭里，他是北大保安；走進課堂，他是北大學生。在北大期間，甘相偉 總是隨身帶著紙筆，有了靈感就記錄下來，然后整理成文。幾年里，他先后寫了幾百篇文章。2012年6月，他的第一本書《站著上北大》正式出版，北大校長周其鳳為該書作序，并稱贊說，這種努力進取的精神，令人欽佩。甘相偉的經(jīng)歷感動了無數(shù)人，他也被譽為“中國保安出書第一人”。

【素材解讀】

1.堅守夢想。起點低并不代表終點低。對夢想的堅守和不懈的努力，決定了一個人的成就。一名保安，能夠成為北大學子，成為作家，都是夢想的力量。

2.相信自己。作為保安，甘相偉從未向現(xiàn)實屈服，反而找到了前行的方向，看到了人生的希望，并因此取得了令人驚嘆的成功。他的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：相信自己，我們一樣美麗。

過去與將來，關于過去與將來的作文怎么寫！

【素材】郭敬明：少點敬畏之心

2012年，《咬文嚼字》雜志發(fā)動廣大讀者“圍觀名家博客”，專家和網(wǎng)友“咬”上了80后著名作家郭敬明。從他的博客中隨機選取了10萬字，發(fā)現(xiàn)了好幾百個錯別字。

有一些錯誤竟讓人難以置信。如，把“令你們自豪”誤寫成“另你們自豪”，把“自我了結”誤寫成“自我了解”，把“頂著大雨”誤寫成“定著大雨”，把“揮了幾下”誤寫成“輝了幾下”，把“虛偽”誤寫成“虛位”，把“下班”誤寫成“下半”，等等。此外，他的《兩小時后的生日》一文中的“蜉蝣撼樹”也被挑出。唐代韓愈《調(diào)張籍》中有詩句說：“蚍蜉撼大樹，可笑不自量?！焙笫烙谩膀夫莺硺洹?，嘲笑力量很小而想動搖強大的東西，諷其自不量力。蜉蝣與蚍蜉都是蟲子，但與“撼樹”搭在一起，只能用“蚍蜉”而非“蜉蝣”。郭敬明是雜志《最小說》《最漫畫》的主編，著有《愛與痛的邊緣》《幻城》等作品，誰能料到，這樣一位深受青少年喜愛的作家，竟然是“錯別字大王”?！兑慕雷帧分骶幒裸戣b在微博中談及這一現(xiàn)象時，引用了當年語文老師批改他作文時的一句批語：“遍地荊棘。”

【素材解讀】

1.不夠嚴謹。作為知名的青年作家，郭敬明不會糟糕到不會使用漢字的程度。只是他太隨意，太不嚴肅了，竟將一些沒有仔細校對的東西搬到了博客上。沒有嚴謹?shù)淖黠L，如何成大器？

2.敬畏文字。錯別字，看起來似乎是小事，但反映出的卻是一種態(tài)度。尤其是對公眾人物和作家而言，折射出的是底蘊與修養(yǎng)的缺失。

第二篇：小升初英語常見作文

小升初英語常見作文

（只供參考）

English Composition（英語作文）

Daivd

The boy is David.Last year he was 10 years old.He was fat and short,because he slept all day and ate much sweet food,but he didn’t do any exercises.Now he is 11 years old.He is tall and thin ,because he often swims and plays basketball,and sometimes he goes climbing.He is thin but he is healthy.So we should do more exercises,because it’s good for our health.Kitty Goes Fishing

It’s a fine day today.Kitty goes fishing with his mum.Mum sits on a small chair and begins to fish, But Kitty goes to catch a butterfly.In the afternoon,Mum catches many fish,but Kitty doesn’t catch any.So he feels shy, and he sits down to fish.At last, he also catches many fish.He is very happy.They go home happily.Lovely Piggy

Piggy is a lovely pig.He likes trying on new clothes very much.You see, he puts on his grandpa’s glasses,his brother’s shirt, his aunt’s skirt and his uncle’s boots.And he is very happy.Now, it’s Piggy’s bath time.He takes off those clothes.He is not like his grandpa,his brother, his aunt or his uncle,He is himself now.Do you like him?

My New House

This is my new house.It is different from my old one.I think I am going to like it.From my front windows, I can see a small river.It’s very clear.I like it very much.There are many hills behind my new house.You can see many green trees on the hills.The air is fresh.I love my new house.In the Park

Today is fine.Many people are in the park.Kelly and Susan are walking and talking with each other.David is eating a hot dog under a big tree.Sally is riding her new bike.She rides it very fast.Tim and Joe are playing football.They are very happy.Mike is reading a newspaper.What about Emma? Oh, she is sleeping.

第三篇：英語作文常見錯誤

英語作文常見錯誤

同學們在英語學習中或多或少都會存在錯誤，尤其是在英語作文寫作中，語法錯誤可謂層出不窮，現(xiàn)在對同學們英語寫作中常見的語法錯誤進行了分類總結。1.主謂關系中人稱和數(shù)量不一致性

漢語的動詞不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的影響，但英語的謂語動詞要和主語保持一致，謂語動詞要隨著主語而變化。而同學們主要用漢語思維，往往沒有習慣去考慮主語是第幾人稱，是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。例如：

a.A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.b.He go to school by bike every day.分析：

a句中a number of +復數(shù)名詞做主語時，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。b中 He是第三人稱單數(shù)，在一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中謂語動詞go應該加es。2.時態(tài)

高中生在寫作中經(jīng)常在時態(tài)方面犯錯誤。英語時態(tài)種類繁多，動詞的構成形式隨著時態(tài)的變化而變化。中文里沒有時態(tài)區(qū)分。動作或動詞的時間由跟在動詞后的諸如 “著”、“了”、“過”等副詞來表示，對高中生來說，掌握英語的時態(tài)不是很容易。實際上，學習者在頭腦里很清楚語法規(guī)則，但經(jīng)?；煜蛲浉淖儎釉~的詞形。例如： a.A baby can cry as soon as it was born.b.I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.c.I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.正確的句子：

a.A baby can cry as soon as it is born.b.I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.c.I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.分析：

第一句是一個常識問題，應該用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。第二句“我買這件衣服花了50元”應該是過去時態(tài)。第三句主句是一般將來時，條件狀語從句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。3.語態(tài)錯誤

動詞的被動式在英語中比比皆是，學生由于漢語思維的影響，很少考慮到用被動語態(tài)。雖然中文里也有被動式的含義，但與英語里被動式表達方式完全不同。英語里的被動式要求有助動詞be和過去分詞形式，其中這個助動詞帶有時態(tài)和人稱數(shù)量信息，中文里需要使用如“被”、“使”、“讓”等詞語，不需要有不規(guī)則的動詞形式。這對中國的學習者來說就有潛在的困難。例如：

a.New bicycles must keep inside.b.The book has to return at the end of the week.c.The food has cooked.d.Knife should take away from babies.正確的句子：

a.New bicycles must be kept inside.b.The book has to be returned at the end of the week.c.The food has been cooked.d.Knives should be taken away from babies.很明顯，這些句法結構己經(jīng)被確認為未能正確使用英語中的被動式。學生還會犯一些其它方面的錯誤，其中之一是，常常把英語里沒有被動語態(tài)的詞（組），如 take place, occur, happen, belong to，appear, break out, rise, die等用作被動語態(tài)。4.固定搭配

錯誤有介詞短語的搭配，固定詞組的搭配，更多的是特殊動詞的搭配和用法出現(xiàn)錯誤最多。很多學習者在記單詞的時候，不記搭配和真正用法，錯誤如下： a.He suggested to go there on his bike.b.My teacher explained me the text very carefully.c.My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.正確的句子：

a.He suggested going there on his bike.b.My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.c.My mother made me choose the one I liked best.據(jù)以上的分析，中國學習者的英語應用很大程度上受到其母語的影響，直接翻譯，沒有記住這些動詞的特殊用法。

5.非謂語動詞

錯誤由于學生對非謂語動詞的概念不清楚，對不定式、分詞、動名詞的用法不明白，對句子結構分析不正確，常把非謂語動詞誤用作謂語動詞。

學生不知道在英語句子中謂語動詞只能有一個，如果有另外一個動詞出現(xiàn)，這個動詞有三種情況：一是并列謂語，但是這時候必須有連詞，如and, but等；二是出現(xiàn)在從句里面；三就是以分詞形式出現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，還有不定式。現(xiàn)在分詞有主動語態(tài)和進行時的含義，而過去區(qū)分詞有被動語態(tài)和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態(tài)的意義。例如： a.In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.b.I am looking forward to see you.正確的句子：

a.In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.b.I am looking forward to seeing you.分析：

a句中己有謂語動詞there are，用來修飾things，此句缺的是后置定語。b句look forward to是一個固定短語，后面要接動名詞。6.冠詞錯誤

學生在翻譯時常會忘了考慮冠詞，或者說不重視冠詞這個問題，常有多用或少用或錯用的弊病。

冠詞考查分兩個方面，一是冠詞的殘缺或多余，考生要注意關于含有冠詞（不含冠詞）的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別，如：in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區(qū)別。二是冠詞the, a, an（不定冠詞和定冠詞）之間的相互誤用。

英漢名詞確有許多共同點，但是也有不少不同點。英語名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分，漢語里沒有，且一般情況下，名詞都可受到數(shù)量詞的限制。因此，英語寫作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather，information等少數(shù)常用不可數(shù)名詞時，學生往往會犯錯誤。

不過，在使用英語不可數(shù)名詞時，又會出現(xiàn)兩種情況，一種是絕不可以用a/an或數(shù)詞來直接修飾，如上述提及的幾個名詞：另一種情況是，少數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞在被形容詞等修飾后，可用a/an等來修飾。如time（時間），rain（雨）。所以我們可以說：We had a wonderful time yesterday.例如：

a.The air is the most important thing for our existence.b.The driver brought the car to stop.In this way, he avoided an accident.c.When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.正確的句子：

a.Air is the most important thing for our existence.b.The driver brought the car to a stop.In this way, he avoided an accident.c.When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.7.代詞的錯誤

代詞主要有人稱代詞、物主代詞、關系代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、復合疑問代詞、指示代詞，要注意代詞的各人稱之間和單復數(shù)之間的誤用，關系代詞 which, that, as之間的誤用，關系代詞that與疑問代詞what之間的誤用，關系代詞which與關系副詞when, where，以及what與how的誤用等。例如： a.We do not like he.b.If you like this books, you can take them away.c.His book is different from me.d.The population of China is larger than those of Japan.正確的句子：

a.We do not like him.b.If you like these books, you can take them away.c.His book is different from mine.d.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.漢語里，人稱代詞沒有主格、賓格和所有格之變，而英語中的人稱代詞有主格、賓格和所有格之變，而且每格都具有其自身的用途，分別充當主語、賓語和定語等。尤其要注意的是，人稱代詞充當介詞賓語時，也要采用其賓格形式。8.連詞的錯誤

連詞主要有兩類，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，考查點主要是并列連詞（分遞進式、轉(zhuǎn)折式、選擇式和因果式四種）之間的誤用（主要是but與so/and之間的誤用），從屬連詞之間的誤用以及并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的誤用等。例如： a.He had little to eat and a large house to live in.b.He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.c.If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.正確的句子：

a.He had little to eat but a large house to live in.b.He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.c.1f you go this way，you will soon see the hospital.9.名詞的錯誤

名詞主要考查單數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)名詞，這主要是受東西方文化差異的影響，英語中除了不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)外，可數(shù)名詞要用復數(shù)形式。另外還有一些特殊形式。例如： a.What a beautiful weather we are having today!b.Please give my best regard to your parents.c.I have got good marks in all my subject.正確的句子：

a.What beautiful weather we are having today!b.Please give my best regards to your parents.c.I have got good marks in all my subjects.10.情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的錯誤

這類錯誤有以下幾種情況：① 情態(tài)動詞后的動詞使用過去時態(tài)；② 情態(tài)動詞后的動詞加“s”③ 情態(tài)動詞后的動詞加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”動詞用“am、“is”或“are ”；⑤助動詞“do”后面的動詞用動詞過去時態(tài)；⑥。助動詞“do”后面的動詞第三人稱單數(shù)加“s"；⑦ 助動詞“do”后面的動詞加“ing”等。例如： a.I could did my homework.b.He may goes to school by bike every day.正確的句子：

a.I could do my homework.b.He may go to school by bike every day.

第四篇：英語常見話題作文經(jīng)典

1.True Beauty 真正的美

Everyone is attracted by beauty and beauty is powerful.But what is true beauty? Perhaps you can get the answer from the following story.每個人都會被美所吸引，美有強大的力量。但是什么是真正的美呢?或許你可以從下面的事情中得到答案。This morning I went to the market to buy some vegetables with my parents.On the way we all highly praised a young man in western-style clothes and leather shoes who was riding by.But he rode so fast that he knocked an old lady down carelessly.Instead of stopping, he pretended not to see this and rode away quickly.We were all very angry with the young man.To our happiness, a girl in plain dress ran forward at once, helped the lady up and took her home.We all praised the girl.今天早上我和父母一起去市場買蔬菜，路上我們都贊嘆一個西裝革履的正騎車經(jīng)過的年輕人。但是他騎得太快了，不小心把一位老婦人撞倒在地。而他卻假裝沒看到，飛快地騎走了。我們都生那個年輕人的氣。讓人欣慰的是，一個穿著樸素的女孩立刻跑過來，扶起老人并把她送回了家。我們都夸獎這個小女孩。

From this we know we cannot judge a person by his appearance.A person who is dressed beautifully may not have a beautiful soul.Only a person who has a beautiful soul is really beautiful.由此我們知道了，不能通過外表來判斷一個人。一個身穿華服的人可能沒有美好的心靈，擁有美麗靈魂的人才是真正美麗的。

2.My Hometown

我的家鄉(xiāng)

My hometown, which is in the south of Shandong Province, is a very beautiful village.It lies on the east bank of a small river, surrounded by green mountains, In the past my hometown was poor, and people led a hard life.They couldn't afford to send their children to school.But, great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past twenty years.Many families.have not only color TV sets, but also telephones, fridges, computers, and so on.New roads, houses, schools, hospitals have been built.People in my hometown are working hard for a better life.我的家鄉(xiāng)在山東南部，是一個非常漂亮的村莊，它位于一條小河的東岸，為綠色的大山所環(huán)抱。過去，我的家鄉(xiāng)很窮，人們過著艱難的生活，孩子讀不起書。但是在剛剛過去的二十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化口許多家庭不僅有了彩色電視機，而且電話、冰箱、電腦等應有盡有。新修了公路，新建了房屋、學校和醫(yī)院。家鄉(xiāng)人民正在為過上更好的生活而辛勤工作。

3.What Is Success? 什么是成功？

What is success? Different people hold different views on This question.Some think that one is successful if he can make a great deal of money.Others argue that success means holding an important government post.Still others believe that whoever has got high academic title is successful.It is clear that there are quite different opinions on success.什么是成功？不同的人對此問題有不同的看法。有些人認為，如果一個人能掙許多的錢，他就是成功者。另一些人則爭辯說，成功意味著高居政府要職。還有些人則認為，誰有高級職稱，誰就是成功者?？梢?，對成功有截然不同的看法。

In order to become successful, you should first of all be both perseverance and hardworking.As you know, whatever you do, there are always two possible results: success and failure.When you fail, you should never lose heart.On the contrary, you must build up your confidence and work even harder.You should always keep in mind that perseverance is the mother of success and industry is the key to it.In addition, you should pay great attention to your work method.It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work.Finally, it is important for you to get along well with your co-workers, care for each other and help each other.If you follow these principles, you will

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certainly achieve remarkable success in the future.要成為成功者，首先，你必須有毅力并且勤奮。正如你所知道的，不管你做什么事，總有兩種可能的結果：成功或失敗。當你失敗時，你不應喪失信心。相反，你應該增強信心，并加倍努力。你應始終牢記，毅力是成功之母，勤奮則是成功的關鍵。此外，你應多注意工作方法。你應不斷總結經(jīng)驗，提高工作效率。最后，你應該和你的同事友好相處，互相幫助，互相關心。如果你遵循這些原則，你將來一定能取得成功。

4.The Way to Stay Healthy

保持健康的方法

Health is most important for any of us.]n order to stay healthy, we need some common knowledge.健康對我們?nèi)魏稳藖碚f都是最為重要的。為了保持健康，我們需要一些普通的知識。

First]y, pay attention to the diet.We should eat lots of fruit and vegetables, because they are rich in fiber and Iow in fat.As a proverb says, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”So fruit is good for health.Don＇t have a lot of food that contains too much fat, such as butter.Meanwhile, sweets should be eaten in proper quantity, because too much sugar does harm to us.Don＇t drink too much coffee, either.首先，注意你的飲食。我們應該吃大量的水果和蔬菜，因為它們富含纖維素并且脂肪含量較低。正如一句諺語所說：“一天一個蘋果不求醫(yī)?！币虼怂麑】涤幸?。不要吃太多富合脂肪的食物，比如說黃油。同時，應當適量地吃甜食，因為糖過多對我們?nèi)梭w不利，也不要喝太多的咖啡。

Secondly, exercise is necessary.Regular exercise can help us keep from getting fat.People who do running every day usually have stronger hearts than who don＇t.其次，鍛煉是必需的；經(jīng)常性的鍛煉能使我們保持身材；通常每天跑步的人的心臟要比那些不跑步的人更強壯。Finally, form good living habits.We should sleep for about 8 hours at night, and never work too hard.Over work and little sleep will lead to illness.What＇s more, stay away from cigarettes.最后，養(yǎng)成良好的生活習慣。我們晚上應該睡八小時，不要過分辛苦地工作。過度勞作和睡眠不足將導致生病。而且，不要吸煙。

These are the things we should pay attention to so as to stay healthy.以上這些方面我們都該注意，這樣才能保持健康。

5.Protecting the Environment

保護環(huán)境

Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories.Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers.Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed.Pollution is, in fact, threatening our existence.全世界的環(huán)境問題變得越來越嚴重。例如汽車污染的空氣影響了人們的呼吸，工廠釋放污染的氣體，山上的樹木被砍伐，污水不斷被排人河里。另外，無論我們走到哪里，到處可見隨意丟棄的垃圾。事實上，污染正威脅我們的生存。

The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems.Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the government.Laws have been passed to stop pollution.I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.地球是我們的家園，我們有責任為我們自己和我們的后代去照顧好它。慶幸的是，愈來愈多的人們已經(jīng)意識到這些問題。政府已經(jīng)采取了很多措施去解決這些問題，法律已被通過以制止污染。我希望這些問題在不遠的將來能得到解決，我們的家園變得越來越好。

We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems.For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution, the pub!ic must receive the education about the hazard of

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pollution and so on.We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment.我們必須面對現(xiàn)實，采取行動解決環(huán)境問題。例如必須通過新的法律嚴格控制工業(yè)污染問題，大眾必須接受污染危害的教育等。我們希望這些措施的有效實施能帶給我們一個健康的環(huán)境。

6.Love Is More Important Than Money

愛比金錢更重要

When asked money and love which one is more important, different people have different ideas.As for me, love is more important.My reasons are as follows.當問到金錢和愛情哪一個更重要時，不同的人有不同的觀點。對我而言，我覺得愛情更重要。我的原因如下。First, money cannot buy true love.The girl who firmly stated on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle is just a case in point.From this point we can see that, no matter how rich people are, they cannot buy true love.首先，金錢買不到真愛。一個女孩在交友節(jié)目上堅定地說，她寧愿坐在寶馬上面哭也不愿意坐在自行車上面笑，就是一個很好的例子。從這一點我們可以看出，不管一個人多富有，他都買不到真愛。

Second, love is above wealth.“Naked” wedding or “naked” marriage is a hot topic these days.More and more young people begin to marry each other without a big property.In these cases, love is more important than money.其次，愛情超越財富。“裸婚禮”或者“裸婚”是這些日子的熱題。越來越多的年輕人開始和沒有大財產(chǎn)的人結婚。從這種情況來看，愛情比金錢更重要。

To sum up, love is far more important than money.Provided that we lose wealth, we may regain it by working hard.But if we lose love, it will be impossible to make up for it.總是，愛情遠比金錢重要。假如我們失去了財富，我們可以通過努力重新獲得。但是如果我們失去了愛情，就不可能彌補了。

7.My Teacher 我的老師-Li xin, a young lady of 23 from xinjiang, has been a middle-school teacher of English for three years.she is slim and beautiful, and always has a nice smile on her face.李欣，23歲，新疆人，是一位年輕的中學英語老師，教書三年了。她身材苗條，長得秀氣，臉上總掛著燦爛的笑容。

She was born for teaching and does a great jib.In her class, she can get her students involved in learning and doing exercises.They are attracted by the topics she gives and this makes her class lively.As a result, most students like to be in her class.她天生就是教書的料。課上她能調(diào)動學生積極參與的興趣。學生喜歡她給出的討論話題，課堂氣氛活躍。因此學生都很喜歡她的課。

Li Xin is a good teacher not only because she has a good way of teaching, but also because she loves her students and never spoil them.She is kind and considerate, and is ready to help her students who meet with difficulties.李欣不僅教學方法不錯，而且愛卻不寵學生。她和藹可親，關心體貼，總熱心幫助有困難的學生。

My teacher, Li Xin, is not only our good teacher, but also our best friend.We all like her and will remember her forever.我的老師李欣不僅是我們的好老師，還是我們的好朋友，我們都很喜歡她并將永遠記得她。

8.Failure and Success

失敗與成功

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Failure is so common in our life.No one can avoid it.When we fail in doing something, we often feel so depressed that we have no interest in other things.Sometimes failure can also make us lose heart.Therefore, no one wants to be a failure.失敗是生活中是很常見的。沒有人能避免失敗。當我們做某事失敗的時候，我們經(jīng)常覺得很沮喪，而提不起興趣去做其他的事情。有時失敗會使我們喪失信心。所以，沒有人想成為失敗者。

Success is what we all hope for, because it can bring us a sense of pride and a good reputation.The moment we succeed, we always feel so proud, as if having everything in our hands.If one enjoys his continuous success in his career, he will be famous and worshiped by others.成功是我們所希望的，因為它能夠給我們帶來的自豪感和良好的信譽。成功的那一刻我們都感到很自豪，就好像我們擁有了一切。如果一個人喜歡在他的職業(yè)生涯中不斷取得成功，他就會出名，被別人崇拜。

However, failure is the mother of success.One failure doesn’t mean you can never be successful.It depends on what we do to deal with failure.Those who are always afraid of failure and can’t go through it will never win.But as long as we can get some lessons and experience from our failure, we’ll be sure to succeed.不過，失敗是成功之母。一次失敗并不意味著你永遠不能成功。這取決于我們?nèi)绾蚊鎸κ?。那些總是害怕失敗，不能克服這個心理的人永遠都不會成功。但只要我們能吸取教訓，我們一定會成功的。

9.About Weight-losing 關于減肥

In recent years, losing weight has become a hot topic in our life, especially in women’s community.However, losing weight has aroused people’s attention as many problems has appeared.近幾年，減肥已經(jīng)成為我們生活中一個熱烈的話題，尤其是在婦女群。然而，隨著很多問題的出現(xiàn)，減肥已經(jīng)引起了人們的關注。

There are many ways in losing weight.Some people lose their weight by persisting in doing exercise regularly.Some people take medicine to cut their weight.Furthermore, some turn to operation for help, especially the young.Therefore, all kinds of product have been sold in the market, such as special medicine, tea and equipment.減肥的方式有很多種。有的人通過堅持有規(guī)律的運動來減肥。有的人通過吃藥來減肥。另外，還有一些人通過手術尋求幫助。因此，各種各樣的產(chǎn)品在市場上出售，比如特殊藥品，茶和設備。

It’s understandable for human to pay much attention to their good-look.However, many side effects have come into being when some people are losing weight.For example, some people have lost their weight by taking medicine, but at the same time, their digestion systems have been injured.Thus, we should pay more attention to our physical coordination when we choose the way to cut our weight.人們注意外貌是可以理解的。但是，當有的人減肥的時候，很多副作用就出現(xiàn)了。比如，有的人通過吃藥來減肥，但是同時他們的消化系統(tǒng)也已經(jīng)受損。因而，當選擇減肥方式的時候，我們應該更加注意我們的身體協(xié)調(diào)。

In my opinion, doing exercise is the best way to lose weight.On the one hand, we can train our bodies by taking exercise and become healthier.On the other hand, our mind will be clearer if we do exercise often.在我看來，做運動是減肥的最佳方法。一方面，通過運動我們可以鍛煉身體變得更健康。另一方面，如果我們經(jīng)常鍛煉，我們的思維就會更清晰。

10.the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones

手機利弊談

Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows about students' using mobile phones at school.Firstly, with a mobile phone in hand, a student can get in touch with parents conveniently.Secondly, mobile phones can sometimes be used as a dictionary if it is connected with the Internet, which is beneficial to students' English learning.However, its advantages are also obvious.To start with, getting in touch with friends as well as

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parents by the phone too frequently will surely have a bad effect on students' study.What's worse, it is common for students to get addicted to mobile phone games.From the comparison between these positive and negative effects, we know that its disadvantages far outweigh its advantages.Therefore, students had better not use mobile phones.一般而言，大家都認為學生在學校使用手機有很多好處。首先，有了手機，學生能方便地與父母取得聯(lián)系。其次，如果你的手機可以上網(wǎng)，你還可以把它當字典用，這對學生的英語學習非常有幫助。然而，學生在學校使用手機的不良影響也是很明顯的。首先，過于頻繁地用手機與父母和朋友聯(lián)系對學生的學習有很大的負面影響。此外，很多學生會對手機游戲上癮。對比其優(yōu)缺點，我們知道其負面影響大于正面影響，所以，學生在校最好不要用手機。

11.Low Carbon Life 低碳生活

In recent years, the global warming gets increasingly attention.More and more people make contribution to stop the global warming.Therefore, a new lifestyle occurs--low carbon life.What can we do to live in low carbon?近幾年，全球氣候變暖越來越得到關注。越來越多的人為阻止全球變暖做出貢獻。因此，一種新的生活方式誕生了——低碳生活。在低碳生活中我們可以做些什么呢？

First, remember to turn off lights and turn off the faucet when you do not need to use.Use the energy-saving lamps.There are many small things we can do to save resources.Second, when we go out, take public transport as much as possible, to reduce gas emissions and to ease the transporting pressures.首先，但你不需要用電和水的時候，記得把燈和水龍頭關掉。使用節(jié)能燈。我們可以做很多小事來節(jié)省資源。其次，當我們外出的時候，盡可能乘坐公共交通以減少氣體排放和緩解交通壓力。

All in all, there are many other things we can do to live in the low carbon life.It needs us to do something practically.If everyone can keep this lifestyle from now on, it will greatly change the situation and our home would become more beautiful.總之，為了低碳生活，我們可以做很多事。它需要我們做出一些實際行動。如果每個人能夠從現(xiàn)在起保持這種生活方式，情況將得到很大改善，我們的家園會變得更美麗。

12.Should Students Make Friends On Line?

學生應該網(wǎng)上交友嗎? Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes.The Internet helps make many friends.Chatting on line, students can express their feelings and opinions more freely, and even get help with their foreign language studies.學生應該網(wǎng)上交友嗎?一些人的回答是肯定的。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于廣交朋友，學生在網(wǎng)上聊天可以更加自由地表達感受和意見，還有利于外語的學習。

Others, however, think students should not.They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides, some students, get cheated on line.然而，另外一些人認為學生不應該在網(wǎng)上交友。他們說網(wǎng)上交友是浪費時間，應該把這些時間花在更有意義的學習上，而且一些學生在網(wǎng)上上當受騙。

It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other, things.As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.我認為學生應該把他們的學習、健康和安全放在首位。至于友誼，我們可以很容易地在我們的同學以及周圍的人中找到。

13.My view on Using Mobile Phones

我對學生使用手機的看法

Dear editor, 親愛的編輯：

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The article gave us two different opinions on whether students should use mobile phones or not.Teachers, students and their parents all have expressed their own attitude.這文章給我們兩種不同的觀點關于學生是否應該使用手機。教師、學生和他們的父母都有表達自己的態(tài)度。As for me, I think students should be allowed to use mobile phones.High-tech communicational machines are needed for students to achieve more news all around the world, especially for the ones who live in school.The huge earthquake in Sichuan on May the 12th, for example, is a piece of terrifying news to all the people.With mobile phones, we can know this more quickly and give them some money, clothes and food as soon as possible.Mobile phones play an important part among the young, too.They can help us to communicate with friends that are away from us easily.And they can help us to tell our parents whether we're in danger, in trouble, or meeting with other problems.至于我，我認為學生應該允許用手機。學生們需要高科技通訊機器來獲得更多世界各地的新聞，特別是對于那些住在學校的學生。例如，5月12日四川大地震對所有人來說是一個多么可怕的消息。有了手機，我們可以更迅速的了解并盡快給他們一些錢、衣服和食物。手機在年輕人中扮演了重要的角色。他們可以幫助我們輕易的與遠處的朋友交流。他們還可以幫助我們告訴我們的父母我們是否處于危險中，陷入了困境，或遇到別的問題。

Generally speaking, I think, students should use mobile phones.總的來說，我覺得學生應該用手機。

14.Make Friends

交朋友

Friendship is essential in one’s life.A person without friends will not get happiness in his life.So we need to make friends.友誼對人的一聲是很重要的。一個沒有朋友的人，他的人生不會幸福。所以我們需要交朋友。

Friends can help us know more variety people, open our vision.We can learn a lot of things from them.The most obvious thing is we all are the apple of our parents’ eyes.They will do everything to make us happy.As a result, we are growing as the flowers in the greenhouse.We can’t live without our parents.However, we can learn to communicate ,learn to care others and learn to be independence through friends.So I think making friends is very important.朋友可以讓我們認識更多不同的人，開闊我們的視野。我們從朋友身上可以學到很多東西。最明顯的是我們都是父母的掌上明珠。他們會盡一切努力來使我們快樂。這樣，我們就像是溫室里的花朵。沒有父母我們根本就活不下去。但是，通過交朋友我們可以學會溝通，學會關心他人，學會獨立。所以我認為交朋友是很重要的。

Making friends is good , but it doesn’t mean that people should make friends with any person.Some people will do harm to us.As the saying goes, ”A friend in need is a friend indeed.” If a friend abandons you in the difficulty.Personally speaking, he doesn’t deserve your friendship.交朋友是好的，但這并不意味著人們應該與所有人交朋友。有些人對我們是有害的。俗話說，“患難見真情?！比绻粋€在困境的時候拋棄你的朋友。就我個人而言，他是不值得擁有你的友誼的。

In a word, making friends with right people is full of benefit.總之，跟對的人交朋友是很有用的。

15.My Teacher 我的老師

My English teacher, Mr.Jones, is a middle-aged man with thick glasses above his nose.We all like his classes, for he is always very active and has many ways to make his lessons lively and interesting.After class, he often plays table tennis with us.And at night, he usually works late and prepares the lessons carefully.When we told him that we had passed the entrance examination of senior middle school, he Was so happy that he jumped like a child.We all get along well with him.All of us still miss him very much after we have left the junior middle school.我的英語老師，瓊斯是一個中年男子，他的鼻子上架著一副眼鏡。我們都喜歡上他的課，因為他總是很活潑，6 / 15

有很多方法使他的課上的生動有趣。課下，他經(jīng)常和我們一起打桌球。晚上，他經(jīng)常工作到深夜，認真地備課。當我們告訴他我們已經(jīng)通過入學考試，考上了高中時，他是如此的高興以致于象個孩子似的跳了起來。我們和他相處得很好。離開這所中學后，我們每個人依然非常想念他。

16.The Importance of English

英語的重要性

In China, almost all students learn English, no matter they are pupils or undergraduates.Some people think that there is no need for Chinese to learn English, because after graduation, it is no use at all.I don't think so.English is the most widely used language in the world, and most business letters are written in English.With the deepening of reform and opening up, our Chinese and foreign exchanges increase greatly, so English must be the necessity.Besides, learning English well can help us better learn the advanced experience from foreign countries.It's beneficial for us to service our nation.In addition, learning English is a quite funny thing which enable us to explore a wider world.在中國，幾乎所有的學生都學英語，不管他們是在校生或是即將畢業(yè)。有的人認為中國人學習英語是沒有必要的，因為畢業(yè)后英語一點用也沒有了。我不這么認為。英語是世界上使用最廣泛的語言，大部分的商務信函都是用英語寫的。隨著改革開放的深入，中國和外國之間的交流更多了，所以英語是必要的。此外，學好英語可以幫助我們更好地學習國外經(jīng)驗。對我們報效祖國是有好處的。另外，學習英語是件很有趣的事，它能使我們開拓更寬廣的世界。

17.My New Life in Senior School

我的高中新生活

Now, the new semester has begun for more than one week.I gradually adapt to my new life in senior school.In senior school, my biggest feeling is busy, for I have classes all the day and teachers leave us a lot of homework.In the morning, I have two periods for morning reading, Chinese and English, beginning from 7:00.After that, I have four periods in the morning and four other in the afternoon.There are many more subjects than in middle school, Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry, history and so on.Sometimes, I am afraid of seeing so many textbooks in my desk.In addition, the contents are much more difficult than before.Math and physics are the most difficult ones for me.No matter how hard I work, I still can’t do well in them, which makes me frustrated.Therefore, in the new beginning, I must change my learning strategies to make my work more effective.All in all, my new life in new school is good and rich, though it’s busy.新學期已經(jīng)開始一個多星期了，我慢慢地適應了高中的新生活。高中給我最大的感覺是忙碌，因為一整天都要上課，老師也會布置很多作業(yè)給我們。早上7點開始有兩節(jié)早讀來語文和英語。之后，上午有四節(jié)課，下午也有四節(jié)課。高中的課程比初中要多得多，如語文、數(shù)學、英語、物理、化學、歷史等等。有時后我害怕看到我的課桌里有這么多的課本。除此之外，內(nèi)容也比以前難得多。數(shù)學和物理對我來說是最難的。不管我多努力，我還是學不好這兩科，這使得我很沮喪。因此，新學期開始我一定要改變我的學習策略，使我的學習更有效?？傊?，盡管忙碌，我新的學校生活依舊美好充實。

18.Protect the Environment, Starts from me

保護環(huán)境，從我做起

We want to hold a green Olympic Games ,so everyone should do something useful to protect the environment ,whether it is big or small.我們要舉辦一個綠色奧運，每個人都應該做些無論是大或小的有用的事來保護環(huán)境。

We should do something to stop people from doing bad things to the environment.We should put rubbish into dustbins instead of throwing it about.Everyone must care for flowers ,grass and tress in public.We should collect things like paper ,plastic bags our neighborhood as well ,it’s necessary to plant more trees every year.7 / 15

我們應該做些什么來阻止人們對環(huán)境做一些不好的事情。我們應該把垃圾放進垃圾箱而不是直接扔了，每個人都必須愛護公共場所的花，草，樹木。我們應該收集社區(qū)的一些像紙，塑料袋的東西，每年種植更多的樹是必要的。

It is everyone’s duty to make our neighborhood much better with our hands minds.Let’s make a contribution to protecting the environment and the Olympic Games successfully.用我們的雙手和頭腦使我們的社區(qū)變得更好是我們每一個人的職責。讓我們?yōu)楸Ｗo環(huán)境做貢獻，祝奧運會成功。

19.My Attitude towards Life 我的生活態(tài)度

Life is an endless voyage, as there's no destination in our life.Life is also very fickle, since anything may happen in our life.We may be successful or defeated at any time.生活是一段漫長的旅程，因為我們的生活是沒有目的地的。生活也很善變，因為在我們的生活中任何事情都有可能發(fā)生。我們隨時都可能成功或失敗。

Sometimes, I have the feeling that I was successful, but that happiest time has already passed away.Sometimes, I feel as if I went to the end of my life, but after a long tour, I find I have a long way to go.I always miss myself in this endless road and I feel very lonely.But in this loneliness, there's nothing to fear.So I have learned to grow up.I have learned to hold back my tears.I have learned to smile to others.有時候，我感覺我要成功了，但那快樂的時光卻消逝了。有時，我覺得我已經(jīng)到生命的盡頭了，但經(jīng)過長時間的旅行，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我還有很長的路要走。在這漫長的道路上，我總是想自己，覺得很孤獨。但在這孤獨中，沒有什么好怕的。所以我已經(jīng)學會了長大。我已經(jīng)學會了忍住我的眼淚。我已經(jīng)學會了對他人微笑。

I'm not defeated.However hard the situation is, I will never give up!However hard the situation is, I will never say I can't!However hard the situation is, I will never stop running!Never!我不會被打敗的。不管處境有多么艱難，我都不會放棄！不管處境有多么艱難，我絕不會說我不行！不管處境多么困難，我永遠不會停止奔跑！絕對不會！

20.An Unforgettable Thing

一件難忘的事

I’m a girl at the age of twelve and in grade six.As our grade six students have to attend the secondary school entrance exam a year later, we have to go to school to take part in the self-study at night.Considering the distance of my home to school, my father decided to teach me ride bikes.我是一個十二歲的六年級女孩。因為我們六年級的學生要參加一年之后的中考，所以我們要去學校參加晚自習?？紤]到我家到學校的距離，我爸爸決定教我騎自行車。

It was a Saturday morning.My father told the key point to ride a bike at first.It was be brave and look forward instead of looking the wheels.My father held me and the bike firmly and then I ride it.Though I was afraid, I feel safe with my father around me.A few hours later, I can ride it without my father’s help.I was so happy, but my father was covered with sweat.I never fell off the bike with his protection.Watching my sweating father, I can feel his love for me.那是一個星期六的早晨。我爸爸首先先跟我講解了騎自行車的要點。那就是勇敢，向前看，而不是看著車輪。我父爸爸把我和自行車都緊緊的抓住后我就開始騎了。我雖然害怕，但是有爸爸在我感到很安全。幾個小時后，我可以不用我爸爸的幫助就可以騎它了。我很高興，但是我爸爸滿頭大汗。由于爸爸的保護學自行車的過程我從來沒有摔倒過?？粗鴿M頭大汗的爸爸，我感覺到了父愛。

Learning to ride a bike is such a memorable thing that I’ m only master it but also understand the love of my father.學騎自行車是一件難忘的事，這不僅僅是因為我學會了而且還是因為我理解了父愛。

21.Smoking Is Bad for Health

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吸煙有害健康

As we all know, there are many people smoking, although everyone knows smoking is harmful to us.Giving up smoking is not easy but addicted to it is quite easy, that’s why there are more and more people smoking.Smoking and passive smoking is risk factor that leads to various diseases.It has become world’s top 8 causes of death.More than 90% of lung cancer caused by smoking and lung cancer rates of smokers are 18 times over the non-smokers.Besides, smoking also causes angiocardiopathy, digestive system disease, oral disease and so on.In addition, passive smoking causes great concern in recent years.People have known that passive smoking also do great harm to human, too.Therefore, many countries and regions prohibit people from smoking in public zones, in order to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke.From my point of view, the best way to keep healthy is giving up smoke, for smoker’s own good as well as for others.眾所周知，即使人們都知道吸煙有害健康，但現(xiàn)在依然有很多人吸煙。吸煙容易戒煙難，這就是為什么煙民的數(shù)量越來越多的原因。吸煙以及被動吸煙都是導致多種疾病的危險因子，煙草已經(jīng)成為全球第八大死因。超過90%的肺癌是由吸煙導致的，吸煙者患肺癌的幾率是非吸煙者的18倍之多。此外，吸煙也會導致心血管病、消化系統(tǒng)疾病、口腔疾病等。此外，被動吸煙在近些年也引起了人們很多的關注，它也會對人體造成危害。因此，為了減少二手煙傷害，許多國家和地區(qū)都禁止人們在公共場所吸煙。我認為，維持健康的最好辦法就是戒煙，為了自己也為了他人的健康著想。

22.To Form A Good Study Habit 養(yǎng)成良好的學習習慣

Nowadays, every student pays enough attention to study habit because of its importance.As for me, I have three ways to improve my study habits.現(xiàn)在，每個學生都很注意學習習慣，因為它很重要。對我而言，我有三種方法來改善我的學習習慣。

Firstly, make a plan for my study.The plan, I think, should include both the timetable, the regular and extra practice items.And the plan should be updated according to the progress of my study from time to time.Once the plan made, I follow it strictly.首先，給我的學習制定一個計劃。我認為計劃應該包括時間表，規(guī)律和額外的實踐項目。而且，計劃應該根據(jù)學習的進步時而不時地更新。一旦制定了計劃，就要嚴格執(zhí)行。

Secondly, make full use of the time in the class.I take notes of the important points of every class.I do not talk about anything that has nothing to do with the class.More importantly, I pay all my attention to the class and listen to the teacher carefully.其次，要充分利用課堂上的時間。我每一節(jié)課的重點我都做好筆記。課堂上我不討論與課堂無關的事情。更重要的是，我我全神貫注于課堂，認真聽老師講課。

Thirdly, critical study is also very important.It means that we should not accept anything blindly and with careful thought.Everything is not absolutely correct in the world and everything is changing.We can find many answers to a question.If we think critically, we may find many possibilities to solve a problem.再次，批判性學習也很重要。這意味著我們不應該不經(jīng)過認真思考就盲目接受一切。世界上的每一件事都不是絕對正確的，每件事都是時刻變化著的。同一個問題我們可以找到很多種答案。入股我們進行批判性的思考，我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)解決問題的很多種可能。

23.Habits習慣

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.When a person does a certain thing again and again, he’ll be obliged to do it in the same way by some unseen force.Thus habit is formed.Once a habit is formed, it is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of it.It is.therefore very important that we should take care in the formation of habits.習慣，不管是好是壞，都是逐漸形成的。當一個人反復的做某件事時，他就會被某種看不見的力量驅(qū)使不得不

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以同樣的方式再去做這件事，于是習慣就形成了。習慣一旦形成，就很難、有時幾乎不可能改掉。因此，在養(yǎng)成習慣時我們都應該特別小心，這一點至關重要。

Good habits have many advantages.Going to bed early and getting up early makes us healthy.Diligence helps to succeed.Honesty helps: win the respect and trust of others.良好習慣有著許多優(yōu)點。早睡早起身體好；勤奮助人成功；誠實助人贏得他人的尊重和信任。If we form bad habits, such as rudeness, laziness, lying and stealing, we might be mined by them.如果我們養(yǎng)成了壞習慣，比如：粗野、懶惰、說謊、偷竊，我們就可能墮落。

We ought to keep away from bad habits and try to acquire habits good for ourselves and others.我們應該遠離壞習慣并努力養(yǎng)成對己對人都有好處的習慣。

24.Smoking and health

吸煙與健康

Everyone knows smoking is bad for health.People who smoke too much may not live long.Millions of people die from smoking each year.每個人都知道吸煙有害健康。吸煙過多的人大多都活不長。每年有數(shù)百萬人死于吸煙。

Smoking causes many illnesses.Those who often smoke have bad teeth.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.One of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking is lung cancer.Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.吸煙能導致許多疾病。那些經(jīng)常吸煙的人牙齒不好。許多煙民也因吸煙而常?？人晕鼰熞鸬淖顕乐氐募膊≈皇欠伟?。許多人被這種可怕的疾病奪去了生命。

Smoking is not only bad for smokers, but also bad for non-smokers, especially women and children.They may get their health harmed because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.吸煙不僅有害煙民的健康，也毒害著不吸煙的人，尤其是婦女兒童。吸煙產(chǎn)生的毒氣很可能使他們的健康受到侵害。

Smoking is no good for health.I hope all the smokers can give up smoking for themselves and also for the people around them.Let’s enjoy clean air together.吸煙對健康百害而無一益。我希望所有的煙民能為了自己和周圍的人的健康而戒煙。讓我們共享清新潔凈的空氣吧！

25.My Summer Holiday Plan

我的暑假計劃

Here comes the summer holiday, I have planned a busy schedule on it.暑假就要到來了，我已經(jīng)為它制定了一個忙綠的計劃表了。

Firstly, I will find a part time job, probably work in a factory which is near my home, so that I can accompany with my parents.Secondly, I have joined a violin course in the previous time, because I have interest on it.therefore, I will do more practice at home by myself.As an old saying goes, practice makes perfect.At the end of the holiday, it’s time for me to have a good time.I tend to go on a trip with my friends, maybe Yunnan or other wonderful places.Travel to the place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mine.首先，我會找一份兼職，也許在我家附近的工廠工作，這樣我就可以陪陪我父母。其次，之前我參加了一個小提琴的培訓班，因為我對它很有興趣。所以，我會在家多多聯(lián)系。因為正如諺語所說的，熟能生巧。在假期末尾的時候，我會去好好地玩一玩。我比較想和朋友去旅行，也許去云南，也許是其他地方。去那些我從來沒去過的地方肯定可以開拓我的視野。

Make a good plan and enjoy it.I hope we all can have a meaningful holiday.制定一個好的計劃并玩得開心。我希望大家都能有一個有意義的假期。

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26.Give up Smoking

遠離香煙

Nowadays, many school students smoke, and the number is growing increasingly, which makes school and parents worried.如今，很多在校學生吸煙，而且人數(shù)不斷增長，學校和家長對此很擔心。

According to a survey, more than two fifths of the students smoke in a school.They often get extra money from their parents to pay for cigarette, but their parents usually do not realize it.Even, some students steal money to buy cigarette, which is really a serious event.For middle school students, smoking do more harm to them than to adults, which is not only harmful to the body, but also detrimental to thinking.Furthermore, smoking is also harmful to others.Experts say that the second-hand smoke do more harm to others than the smoker.據(jù)調(diào)查，超過五分之二的學生在校吸煙。他們經(jīng)常從父母那里得到額外的錢去買香煙，但是父母通常沒有察覺到這一情況。有的學生甚至投錢來買香煙，這種情況真的很嚴重。對中學生來說，吸煙對他們的傷害比成年人更多，這不僅對身體有害而且對思維也有害。另外，吸煙對別人也是有害的。專家說，二手煙對別人的害處比對吸煙者的害處更大。

In short, smoking is a bad habit which wastes of money as well as do harm to health.總之，吸煙是一個不良習慣，既浪費錢又有害健康。

27.About Myself

自我介紹

My name is Simon.I'm 24 years old now.I'm from Changsha University.I major in English, because I have the gift for language study.我叫西蒙。我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)24歲了。我來自長沙大學。我的專業(yè)是英語，因為我有學習語言的天賦。

In my opinion, English is well-known all around the world.If I can speak excellent English, I could travel to everywhere in the world without language barriers.Now I can speak English like an American.Most of my classmates always envy my oral English.在我看來，英語是全世界都出名的。如果我能講一口流利的英語，我可以沒有語言障礙在世界各地旅行?，F(xiàn)在我英語說得像美國人一樣。我的大多數(shù)同學都羨慕我的英語口語。

I like traveling very much.Through traveling, I can widen my perspective and know more about our world.Now I have been to so many cities, such as Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Zhongshan.These cities are nice, clean and modern.我非常喜歡旅游。通過旅游我可以開闊我的視野更加的了解這個世界。我到現(xiàn)在為止去過很多城市，如廣州，珠海，中山。這些城市是很好，干凈的和現(xiàn)代化的。

I think I'm easy-going and hard-working.When I'm at work, I always try my best to do everything well.I never let others do anything that I can do, and I never put off today's work to tomorrow.When you have difficulties, I’m eager to give you a hand if I'm able to.I hope I can be your best friend.我覺得我很隨和，勤奮。我在工作時，總會盡我最大的努力把一切事情辦好。我不會讓別人來替我做我能做的事情，我從來不會把今天的工作留到明天。當你有困難時，如果可以的話我很愿意幫忙。我希望我能成為你最好的朋友。

28.How to Make Friends

如何交朋友

Everyone needs friends.A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness.But how can we make friends? First, to make friends, you must be friendly to others.Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return.Second, friends should negotiate instead of quarrel.When you don't agree someone, please discuss with him.Finally，11 / 15

never believe in those who leave you when you are in trouble.And never leave your friend when he is in trouble.Remember, a friend in need is a friend indeed.Friends should be faithful to each other.So long as you can put your friend's interests in front of yours, you will have a lot of good friends.人人都需要、朋友。朋友可以給我們以幫助，與我們共事困難和快樂。但是，怎樣交朋友呢?交朋友首先要對別人友善。你對別人微笑；肯定別人也會報以微笑。其次，朋友之間應該商量而不是爭吵。當與別人有分歧時，要和他一起討論。最后，不要相信那些在危急關頭背離你的人，也不要在朋友危難時離開他。記?。夯茧y之中見真情。朋友應該以誠相待。只要你把朋友的利益置于你的利益之上，你就會擁有好多好朋友。

29.Cherish Time 珍惜時間

If you ask me what is the most precious, I would say that it’s time.Time is something once lost, you could never have again.Therefore, we should cherish it and spend it in meaningful things.However, many people do too many meaningless things to kill their time, such as playing computer, watching TV, or gossiping.When you do these things, the time has long been unwittingly flowed away.In my opinion, the best way to make full use of time is planning your time rationally and sticking the plan firmly.Spending more time on something significant not only will make your life fulfilling, but also will give you a sense of accomplishment.Instead, killing your time with meaningless things would bring you depression even despair.Remember that those who abandon time will be also abandoned by time.如果你問我什么東西是最寶貴的，我會說是時間。它是你一旦失去就再也得不到的東西。因此，我們都應該學會珍惜時間，把時間用在有意義的事情上。但是，很多人卻做了許多無意義的事情來消磨時光，比如玩電腦、看電視或者說閑話。當你在做這些事情的時候，時間早已在不知不覺間流走了。在我看來，最好的珍惜時間的做法是合理安排時間，并堅決按照計劃行事。把時間用在有意義的事情上，不僅會讓你的生活更充實，也會給你帶來成就感。相反，若是用那些無聊的事情消磨時間，則可能會讓你覺得沮喪甚至絕望。記住，拋棄時間的人，時間也拋棄他。

30.Impact of Using Ipad on Teenagers 使用iPad對青少年的影響

Ipad is a fashionable product.Many people are crazy about it, including the youngsters.It seems cool to have an Ipad.But, it's really good to the youngsters? Ipad是新潮玩意，很多人為之瘋狂，尤其是年輕人。擁有一臺ipad，聽上去很酷，但是是否對年輕人就是件好事呢? Ipad has various functions.It is diverse and it's easier to carry than the computer.As to study, it makes learning easy, funny and interesting.It's able to broaden students' knowledge.However, its disadvantages seem obvious, too.People can play games and search the Internet by Ipad, so some students may be addicted to the games, which will do harm to their study.Furthermore, the Ipad is not cheap that it would make students compare to others.Students may feel proud to have an Ipad.Ipad有很多功能，比電腦更便于攜帶。用于學習時，它使學習更簡單，更有趣味性。它能拓展學生的知識面。然而它的缺點也很明顯，它可以用來上網(wǎng)玩游戲，所以學生很容易沉迷游戲，對他們的學習不利。其次，ipad價格也挺貴，容易引起學生攀比，以擁有ipad為傲。

All in all, Ipad is a high-tech product.No matter who should use it properly.總之，ipad是高科技產(chǎn)品，不管對誰，都得使用得當。

31.My Childhood

我的童年

I was born in a small county which is poor.Therefore, there were no beautiful clothes or many toys.Before I went to school at six, I only played with my peers nearby.It was such a wonderful period that I would never forget.We always

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made our toys independently, which cost no money at all.Sometimes, parents would help making toys as well.We could play from morning to night until parents told us to go home for dinner.However, as a rural child, I must help my parents doing farm work in the busy season, such as planting and harvesting.Besides, my mother is a teacher.Therefore, she began to teach me to read and count when I was three, so I had to spend some time I study.Now, remembering it, I feel much happy rather than upset.我出生在一個貧困的小農(nóng)村里，因此不能擁有漂亮的衣服和玩具。在我六歲上學之前，我都是和鄰居的同齡小朋友玩，那是一段我無法忘懷的快樂的歲月。我們通常都是自己做玩具，不花一分錢，有的時候我們的父母也會給我們做一些玩具。那個時候，我們可以從早晨玩到天黑，直到爸爸媽媽叫我們回家吃飯。但是，作為一個農(nóng)村的孩子，在農(nóng)忙的時候我也必須要幫忙家里干些農(nóng)活，像是種植和收割這些。另外，我的媽媽是一名老師，因此在我三歲的時候她就開始教我識字、算術了，所以我還要花些時間在學習上?，F(xiàn)在，回想起這些，我更多的是快樂，而不是煩惱。

32.The First Day in High School 高中第一天

Today was the first day of my new life.I looked at my new books and checked everything for the new school year.I was excited as well as worried.今天是我新生活的第一天，我翻看我的新課本，檢查了新學年的一切。我既激動又擔心。

Entering new school, I was curious about everything, new classrooms, new teachers, new classmates etc.It would be a new start for each student.And what I was worried about is that I had no friends here.I wondered if no liked to play with me.Were the teachers strict with students? 進入新的學校，我對所有事情都很好奇，新的教室，新的老師，新的同學等等。這對每個學生來說都是一個新的開始。我所擔心的是在這沒有朋友。我想知道是不是沒有人喜歡和我玩。老師對學生是不是很嚴厲? I fell relaxed when the teacher asked me, ''What else could I help you, freshman?".I found that the teachers were kind and polite, and the classmates around me were friendly.While I was thinking about how to get on well with my classmates, my desk mate showed me his favorite Ipad4s.He wanted to play with me, but I didn't know how to play, so he taught me patiently, and we played happily.當老師問我：“我能夠幫你什么嗎，新同學?”的時候，我一下子覺得放松了。我發(fā)現(xiàn)老師很善良很有禮貌，周圍的同學也很友善。正當我想著怎樣和同學相處的時候，我的同桌給我看他最愛的Ipad4s。他想和我一起玩，但是我不知道怎么玩，于是他就耐心的教我，然后我們就開心的玩起來。

Worries have gone, and happiness is coming.憂慮已經(jīng)消失了，幸福即將來臨。

33.An Announcement

通知

May I have your attention, please? Next Saturday we will pay a visit to the Windows of the World.So we should gather at the school gate at 8 a.m.on May 1st.And then we will go there by bus.All of us are asked to hand in 30 yuan for the ticket, wear school uniform and take water and lunch by ourselves.After getting into the Windows of the World, we can visit freely and take photos.請注意!下星期六我們要參觀世界之窗。所以我們應在5月1日早晨8點在學校門口集合，然后乘車去那兒。我們每人交30元門票錢。每個人都要穿校服，自帶水和午飯。進入世界之窗后，我們可以自由參觀、拍照。

We will get back at 6 p.m.by bus.Don't be late.我們會在下午6點乘車返回。不要遲到。That's all.Thank you for your attention.完了。謝謝!

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34.Views on Middle School Students' Using Cellphone

對中學生使用手機的看法

Cellphones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students at present.About that,people have different opinions.目前，手機在中學生中變得越來越普遍。關于這個問題，人們有不同的看法。

Some think it is good for students to bring a cellphone because it's more convenient to contact to each other.But othersdo not think so.They think it is bad for students to bring acellphone.Because the students will use mobile phones to play games, sent text messages, watch movies and so on,which will do harm to their study.Andthe teacher and students would be disturbed if cellphone ring during the class time.In my opinion, bringing cellphones to school is not a bad thing if we make the best use of it.有的人認為攜帶手機對學生有好處，因為這更便于他們相互聯(lián)系。但是其他人不這么認為。他們認為攜帶手機對學生有害。因為學生會用手機玩游戲，發(fā)短信，看電影等等，這對他們的學習是有害的。而且，如果上課的時候手機響會打擾到老師和同學。我認為，如果我們合理利用它，帶手機到學校并不見得是件壞事。

As we all know, a cellphone is one of the quickest tools for us to exchange information in 21st century.Ifthere’san accident, it's more convenient to dial for help immediately.What's more, we can use cellphones for relaxing ourselves a little bit when we're tired of studies.In my mind, it's not wrong to follow the cellphone fashion, but the most important thing is to know how to use them in a right way.我們都知道，在21世紀手機是我們交流信息最快捷的工具。如果發(fā)生事故，手機更方便我們立即撥打電話求助。另外，當我們學習覺得累的時候可以用手機來給稍微放松一下。在我看來，跟隨手機時尚并沒有錯，但是最重要的是懂得正確使用它們。

35.Online Shopping 網(wǎng)上購物

With the development of Internet, more and more people tend to shop on the Internet.Online shopping has provided some benefits for us, but it also has some disadvantages at the same time.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，越來越多的人喜歡在網(wǎng)上購物。網(wǎng)購給我們帶來了一些好處，但是它同時也有一些缺點。For one thing, online shopping has brought some convenience for consumers.Instead of going one shop to another, people can choose and buy all kinds of commodities they like as long as they click the mouse gently.This is not only a better choice for the old who do not have enough energy to go outside but also a great convenience for those who have no time to go shopping in person.In addition, consumers have more choices and can do some comparison when they are shopping on the Internet.They can glance over various commodities in all shapes, sizes and colors and decided to buy or not.Furthermore, online shopping has made a great contribution to the development of express delivery industry.一方面，網(wǎng)上購物給消費者帶來了一些方便。人們不再是逛一個個店，人們只需要輕輕點鼠標就可以選擇購買他們想要的商品。這不僅對沒有精力外出的老人來說是一個更好的選擇，而且對那些沒有時間獨自出去購物的人來說也很方便。另外，消費者在網(wǎng)上購物的時候有更多的選擇，也可以多做對比。他們可以瀏覽各種商品的所有型號，尺寸，顏色然后決定要不要買。另外，網(wǎng)上購物對快遞行業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了很大的貢獻。

However, for another, shopping on the Internet also has some shortcomings.Firstly, those who shop on the Internet can’t try the goods before they buy.Sometimes, the real goods are not the same as the goods they see on the Internet.Secondly, some shops on the Internet are dishonest and they would not deliver the goods after paying.And if this situation happens, the consumers would find nowhere to complain and never pull out the money any longer.然而，另一方面，網(wǎng)上購物也有一些缺點。首先，那些在網(wǎng)上購物的人不能夠在買之前試一下商品。有時候，食物和我們在網(wǎng)上看到的物品是不一樣的。其次，網(wǎng)上有的店是不誠實的，付款后他們不會發(fā)貨。如果發(fā)生了這種情況，消費者就會找不到地方抱怨，就拿不回錢了。

Therefore, we should pay more attention when shopping on the Internet.14 / 15

因此，當我們網(wǎng)購的時候應該多注意。

36.What Is Happiness?

什么是快樂? Many people believe that having a lot of money is the greatest happiness in life.But I don't agree with them, because money is not everything.Money can't make us a true man.很多人認為擁有很多錢是人生最大的幸福。但我不同意他們的想法，因為錢不是一切。金錢不能使我們成為一個真正的男人。

The way I see it, good health is much better than a lot of wealth.No matter how much money we have, we’ll not feel happy at all if we are in poor health.In order to be healthy, we must keep a positive attitude and have a good living habit.在我看來，健康比財富更重要。如果不健康，不管有多少錢，我們都不會快樂。為了保持健康，我們必須要保持積極的態(tài)度，形成良好的生活習慣。

Apart from good health, we must be diligent at work.As long as we work hard, we cannot just make a good living, but enrich our minds.除了良好的健康，我們必須勤奮工作。只要我們努力工作，我們不僅可以過上好生活，而且還可以豐富思想。Additionally, we ought to give our helpful hands to others when they are in need.While helping others, we can own a good fame as well as get more social experience.It's really a good way to kill two birds with one stone.Only by doing so can we enjoy the happiest life.此外，我們應該在別人需要幫助的時候幫助別人。在幫助他人的同時，我們可以擁有一個好名聲，并獲得更多的社會經(jīng)驗。這真是一舉兩得的好方法。只有這樣我們才能享受幸福的生活。

37.Introducing Yourself 自我介紹

My name is Li Ming.I am a student of Beijing No.101 Senior Middle School and will graduate this July.I'd like to apply for a position in your school as an English teacher.我叫李明，是北京101中學的學生，將于今年7月畢業(yè)。我打算申請貴校英語教師的職位。

I have been learning English for nearly 10 years, starting my first study at the age of 9.My English test scores were quite good, and I often earned praise from my teachers.I won first place at the spoken English competition of the school last year.我從9歲起學習英語，迄今已經(jīng)近10年了。我的英語考試成績一直很好，并經(jīng)常受到老師的表揚。在去年的全校英語口語競賽中榮獲第一名。

What is more, I like English very much and spend all my spare time studying English-listening to English broadcast every day, read two or three English articles and take every chance to practice my spoken English.更重要的是，我非常喜歡英語，把自己的業(yè)余時間都用于學習英語棗堅持每天收聽英語廣播，閱讀2-3篇英語文章，利用每一個機會練習英語口語。

I love the work of an English teacher.I will do my best to be helpful to my students if I can have the position.I hope you will give favorable consideration to my application.Thank you for your time and attention.我熱愛英語教師這一職業(yè)，如果我得到這份工作，我將竭盡全力幫助我的學生。懇請校方考慮我的申請。謝謝費心！

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第五篇：BOT常見投融資模式

BOT常見投融資模式介紹

為便于投資者投資，在這里為大家介紹幾種目前國際上比較流行的投融資模式。

1、BOT及其變種

BOT是“建設—經(jīng)營—轉(zhuǎn)讓”的英文縮寫，指的是政府或政府授權項目業(yè)主，將擬建設的某個基礎設施項目，通過合同約定并授權另一投資企業(yè)來融資、投資、建設、經(jīng)營、維護該項目，該投資企業(yè)在協(xié)議規(guī)定的時期內(nèi)通過經(jīng)營來獲取收益，并承擔風險。政府或授權項目業(yè)主在此期間保留對該項目的監(jiān)督調(diào)控權。協(xié)議期滿根據(jù)協(xié)議由授權的投資企業(yè)將該項目轉(zhuǎn)交給政府或政府授權項目業(yè)主的一種模式。適用于對現(xiàn)在不能盈利而未來卻有較好或一定的盈利潛力的項目，其運作結構如下圖所示。

在BOT模式的基礎上，又衍生出了BOOT、BOO等相近似的模式，這些一般被看作是BOT的變種，它們之間的區(qū)別主要在于私人擁有項目產(chǎn)權的完整性程度不同：

BOOT、BOO與BOT的比較

2、BT融資模式

BT（建設—轉(zhuǎn)讓）是BOT的一種演化模式，其特點是協(xié)議授權的投資者只負責該項目的投融資和建設，項目竣工經(jīng)驗收合格后，即由政府或授權項目業(yè)主按合同規(guī)定贖回。適用于建設資金來源計劃比較明確，而短期資金短缺經(jīng)營收益小或完全沒有收益的基礎設施項目。

碳貸通：節(jié)能項目貸款，免抵押、零首付、二周內(nèi)資金全額到賬 碳險通：節(jié)能項目保險，節(jié)能能力全責保險、項目收益權保險 節(jié)能技術方案保險機構、銀行機構認可認證

電話：0755-82722776

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（1）適用范圍

根據(jù)政府面臨的任務目標和項目特點，涉及的適用范圍總體上講是前期工作成熟到位、急需投資建設，建設資金回收有保障，但回收時間較長（一般10年以上），資金籌措中長期較好可行，銀行融資當前較困難。使用范圍內(nèi)容包括：土地儲備整治及開發(fā)（BT）；城鎮(zhèn)供水項目(BT或BOT)；污水處理項目(BT或BOT)；水電，特別是小水電開發(fā)(BT或BOT)；河堤整治開發(fā)建設(BT)；部分水源建設項目(BT)。

（2）采用BOT、BT要注意的主要問題和對策措施

采用BOT、BT有助于緩解水利建設項目業(yè)主一段時間特別是當前資金困難。但具體操作中存在項目確定、招標選代理業(yè)主、與中標者談判、簽署與BOT、BT有關的合同、移交項目等多個階段，涉及政府許可、審批、標的確定等諸多環(huán)節(jié)。其中BT方式還存在到期必須回購付款的資金壓力。這些都需要注意應對，確定相應的對策措施。

A.完善機制，尋求法律支持

項目的談判中、簽訂中、履行中以及轉(zhuǎn)讓中尋求法律的支持是客觀的需要，這對于項目的健康有序運行十分必要。

①在項目的談判中

當采用BOT、BT方式融資進行基礎設施建設時，應請律師參與商務談判、起草法律文件、提供法律咨詢、提出司法建議等。

碳貸通：節(jié)能項目貸款，免抵押、零首付、二周內(nèi)資金全額到賬 碳險通：節(jié)能項目保險，節(jié)能能力全責保險、項目收益權保險 節(jié)能技術方案保險機構、銀行機構認可認證

電話：0755-82722776

82727533 了解更多，搜索 碳戰(zhàn)軍團

如果是通過招標投標方式從優(yōu)確定投資者。應依據(jù)《中華人民共和國招標投標法》審查整個招投標過程，特別是對開標過程的真實性、合法性進行現(xiàn)場公證。

②在協(xié)議簽訂中

BOT、BT項目企業(yè)確定后，項目業(yè)主應與該項目承包商簽訂《投資建設合同書》，這個合同書是BOT、BT項目的核心協(xié)議，此后的一系列協(xié)議，都應依據(jù)此合同展開。項目業(yè)主應運用法律程序(如公證方式)從形式要件、實質(zhì)要件上，確保這一合同的真實合法有效。如果項目承包商由多家投資者組成，投資者之間也必須提交聯(lián)合的法律文書。依照國際慣例，各類法律文書都應辦理公證，使BOT、BT項目更趨規(guī)范化。

③在項目轉(zhuǎn)讓過程中

BOT、BT項目的投資方完成項目工程建設后，提出書面申請，由政府組織交工驗收。驗收合格后，BT方式的投資方可申請BT移交；BOT方式的項目進入經(jīng)營，到期后提出移交。在項目轉(zhuǎn)讓過程中，應請法律機構或公證機構參與。

B.給予BOT、BT項目承包商比較合理的條件

以BOT、BT方式進行基礎設施建設，建設周期長、投資回收慢，投資者對項目帶不走，相比有的投入產(chǎn)出企業(yè)，BOT、BT項目企業(yè)承擔的風險更大。所以應制定對BOT、BT方式投資者比較合理的承包條件，如：價格、融資的財務費用、支付條件等，以消除BOT、BT項目投資者的顧慮。把BOT、BT項目投資者降低工程質(zhì)量、加大建設費用等方式提前收回投資轉(zhuǎn)移到以確定的合同條件上來。

C.強化對項目的監(jiān)督

強化對BOT、BT項目的監(jiān)督。可通過以下途徑監(jiān)督：

①確定指標

要確定項目的建設規(guī)模、建設內(nèi)容、建設標準、投資額、工程時間節(jié)點及完工日期，并確認投資方投資額等，并明確規(guī)定每一指標的上、下限。設立相應的資產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量狀況指標。如施工隊伍與承包人沒有直接的隸屬關系，且獨立管理或承擔某一部分施工的，應視為分包。

②嚴格監(jiān)督

負責項目的全過程監(jiān)督。對項目的設計、項目招投標、施工進度、建設質(zhì)量等進行監(jiān)督與管理，有權向投資方提出管理上、組織上、技術上的整改措施。

③強化法律

若發(fā)生私自更改或超過規(guī)定數(shù)量的可訴之法律。實行建設市場準入制度，在施工過程中，監(jiān)理工程師如發(fā)現(xiàn)承包人有分包嫌疑時有權進行調(diào)查核實，承包人應提供有關資料并配合調(diào)查。如分包成立則按違約處理。

D.注重風險防范設立相應的資產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量狀況指標。

首先是組建一個專業(yè)小組，形成依據(jù)完善防范風險的合同條件；其次是充分預見經(jīng)濟、技術、質(zhì)量、融資等各類可能存在的風險，擬定相應的風險回避對策；再是力求各種審批和法律手續(xù)完善，做到公平、公正、公開。

3、ABS

ABS是(Asset-Backed-Securieization)即“資產(chǎn)證券化”的簡稱。這是近年來出現(xiàn)的一種新的基礎設施融資方式，其基本形式是以項目資產(chǎn)為基礎并以項目資產(chǎn)的未來收益為保證，通過在國內(nèi)外資本市場發(fā)行成本較低的債券進行籌融資。規(guī)范的ABS融資通常需要組建一個特別用途公司(Special Purpose Corpration，SPC)；原始權益人(即擁有項目未來現(xiàn)金流量所有權的企業(yè))以合同方式將其所擁有的項目資產(chǎn)的未來現(xiàn)金收入的權利轉(zhuǎn)讓給SPC，實現(xiàn)原始權益人本身的風險與項目資產(chǎn)的風險隔斷；然后通過信用擔保，SPC同其它機構組織債券發(fā)行，將發(fā)債募集的資金用于項目建設，并以項目的未來收益清償債券本息。ABS融資方式，具有以下特點：與通過在外國發(fā)行股票籌資比較，可以降低融資成本；與國際銀行直接 信貸比較，可以降低債券利息率；與國際擔保性融資比較，可以避免追索性風險；與國際間雙邊政府貸款比較，可以減少評估時間和一些附加條件。其運作流程可簡要圖示如下：

在西方，ABS廣泛應用于排污、環(huán)保、電力、電信等投資規(guī)模大、資金回收期長的城市基礎設施項目。

4、TOT是“移交－經(jīng)營－移交（Transfer-Operate-Transfer）”的簡稱，具體是指中方在與外商簽訂特許經(jīng)營協(xié)議后，把已經(jīng)投產(chǎn)運行的交通基礎設施項目移交給外商經(jīng)營，憑借該設施在未來若干年內(nèi)的收益，一次性地從外商手中融得一筆資金，用于建設新的交通基礎設施項目；特許經(jīng)營期滿后，外商再把該設施無償移交給中方。

5、PPP項目融資模式

PPP為“公私合伙制”，指公共部門通過與私人部門建立伙伴關系提供公共產(chǎn)品或服務的一種方式。PPP包含BOT、TOT等多種模式，但又不同于后者，更加強調(diào)合作過程中的風險分擔機制和項目的貨幣價值(value for money)原則。PPP模式是公共基礎設施建設中發(fā)展起來的一種優(yōu)化的項目融資與實施模式，這是一種以各參與方的“雙贏”或“多贏”為合作理念的現(xiàn)代融資模式。其典型的結構為： 特許經(jīng)營類項目需要私人參與部分或全部投資，并通過一定的合作機制與公共部門分擔項目風險、共享項目收益。根據(jù)項目的實際收益情況，公共部門可能會向特許經(jīng)營公司收取一定的特許經(jīng)營費或給予一定的補償，這就需要公共部門協(xié)調(diào)好私人部門的利潤和項目的公益性兩者之間的平衡關系，因而特許經(jīng)營類項目能否成功在很大程度上取決于政府相關部門的管理水平通過建立有效的監(jiān)管機制，特許經(jīng)營類項目能充分發(fā)揮雙方各自的優(yōu)勢，節(jié)約整個項目的建設和經(jīng)營成本，同時還能提高公共服務的質(zhì)量。

6、基礎設施產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金即組建基金管理公司，向特定或非特定投資者發(fā)行基金單位設立基金，將資金分散投資于不同的基礎設施項目上，待所投資項目建成后通過股權轉(zhuǎn)讓實現(xiàn)資本增值，其收益與風險由投資者共享、共擔。這一方式的優(yōu)點在于可以集聚社會上分散資金用于基礎設施建設。其操作模式如下：

7、以“設施使用協(xié)議”為載體融資。投資者事先同項目設施使用者簽署“設施使用協(xié)議”并獲付費承諾，然后組建項目公司，項目公司以使用協(xié)議作為融資載體來安排融資。其信用保證主要來自于“設施使用協(xié)議”中使用者的無條件付費承諾，在具體的融資結構設計中往往把使用協(xié)議做成一個實際上的項目債務融資擔?；蛐庞迷鰪娡緩?。此種方式較適合于資本密集、收益較低但相對穩(wěn)定的基礎設施項目，如石油、天然氣管道項目、港口設施等。

8、民間主動融資(Private Finance Initiative，PFI)即對于公益性的基礎設施項目，政府通過項目招標的方式確定民間投資主體，并授權后者負責項目的融資、建設與運行，作為對該民間投資主體的回報，政府在授權期限內(nèi)每年以財政性資金向其支付一定的使用費或租賃費，授權經(jīng)營期結束時，民間投資主體無償轉(zhuǎn)讓項目給政府。PFI融資方式與BOT方式有類似之處(兩者均涉及項目的“建設——經(jīng)營——轉(zhuǎn)讓”)，但在PFI中，最終是由政府支付項目建設、維護費用，相當于是政府購買服務，而BOT屬于項目融資方式。由此PFI主要用于一些不收費的項目，如免費的橋梁、隧道等，而BOT適用于具有收費條件的基礎設施項目，如收費的橋梁等。

9、使用者付費模式(User Reimbursement Model，URM)是指政府通過招標的方式選定合適的基礎設施項目民間投資主體，同時，政府制定合理的受益人收費制度并通過一定的技術手段將上述費用轉(zhuǎn)移支付給項目的民間投資者，作為購買項目服務的資金。其運作流程如下圖所示：

在URM模式下，與BOT一樣，資金的平衡來自于項目的收費，但與BOT不同的是，此種模式中的產(chǎn)品和服務的收費是在政府的中介下完成的。對于一些不適合私人直接進行收費、市場風險較大的基礎設施項目，如污染治理工程等，比較適合采用URM方式來運作。

10、影子收費融資模式（shadow tolling）是指對于公益性的基礎設施項目，政府通過項目招標的方式確定民間投資主體，并授權后者負責項目的融資、建設、與運營，作為對該民間主體的回報，政府在授權期限內(nèi)每年以財政性資金或其他形式基金向其支付一定的補償費用，補償其免費為公眾提供服務應得的利益；授權經(jīng)營期結束時，民間投資主體無償轉(zhuǎn)讓項目給政府。

（1）適用范圍

BOT、BT模式在一般情況下的確可以有效利用外資和民間資本，但是它有一個不可逾越的條件，就是要對基礎設施的使用者直接征收費用（或政府一次性必須給出很大一筆錢來收購該基礎設施），對于基礎設施項目來說，這種征收可能直接降低基礎設施的使用效率，顯著的例子就是交通基礎設施。

BOT工程較適宜于市場需求大，并且較具經(jīng)營性價值的公共建設，如收費道路、發(fā)電廠等，便于拿營運收入回收投資成本。而對于一些無法向使用者直接收費的城市非經(jīng)營性公共工程，如一般公路、橋梁等，則采用“影子收費”的方式更加適合，由民間資本先行墊付經(jīng)費，承擔建設期間成本，政府可延后公共建設的財務支出，以紓解短期的財務負擔。而政府雖然仍有財政負擔，但有最大的負擔上限，經(jīng)營方保證穩(wěn)定收益的同時，也可以通過成本規(guī)劃達成利潤極大。這樣既可吸引投資，又轉(zhuǎn)移了營運風險，像英國道路建設的主要就是采用了“影子收費”的激勵機制。

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（2）采用影子收費融資模式的給付結構分析

①組建DBFO公司

對于交通設施項目，采取授予DBFO(Design-Build-Finance-Operate，設計-建設-融資-運營)特許權的形式，并要求民間投資主體按照要求組建項目公司，通常稱為DBFO公司，借此私人部門可以在規(guī)定的授權期限內(nèi)設計、建設、融資和運營該項目，其運作流程如下圖所示。

圖：影子收費方式下基礎設施建設融資的運作流程

②影子收費融資模式與BOT、BT等融資方式的區(qū)別

在影子收費融資模式下，對于使用者并不直接向運營者付費，而是由政府根據(jù)設施的交通流量和預先商榷好的費率向運營者支付使用費的方式就是影子收費，也可以說補償補償費用的給付結構便是影子收費結構，通常在DBFO合約中設定，之所以稱其為“影子”，是針對于真實的，如BOT模式中的顯示收費而言的。

與BOT、BT等融資方式的區(qū)別在于，實質(zhì)上它沒有真正融得資金，最終還是由政府支付項目的建設、運營和維護費用，相當于政府購買服務，只不過政府通過這種方式將支付的時間大大延長了，通常是二十年左右。

③影子收費的給付結構

影子費用的給付是為了對投資商無償為公眾提供服務進行補償，因此其建立在過往車輛的類型和數(shù)量的基礎上。影子費用的給付通常從交通設施提供服務那天開始，這樣做的目的是為了激勵投資商盡快完成工程，對公眾開放。

表：影子收費的給付結構

（3）影子收費方式的風險分擔

對于政府而言，項目基本上由政府部門轉(zhuǎn)向了私人部門，因為整個項目由私人部門負責建設、運營和維護并籌措相關成本費用；政府僅承擔交通風險，原因是影子費用的給付與交通流量相關，如果交通流量始終處于第二區(qū)間，那么政府給付的額度就會比較多，但由于給付始終在政府承受范圍之內(nèi)，所以相對于私人部門而言，政府承擔的風險還是要小得多。但是高收益必定伴隨著高風險，通過采取各種方法評估和規(guī)避風險之后，影子收費依然是一個對投資商有足夠吸引力的參與基礎設施建設的途徑。