第一篇：江澤民在劍橋的演講

江澤民在劍橋的演講

（1999 ．10．22）

校長(zhǎng)先生，同學(xué)們，老師們，女士們，先生們： Students and Faculty, Ladies and Gentlemen: 我感謝布羅斯校長(zhǎng)的邀請(qǐng)，使我有機(jī)會(huì)來到久負(fù)盛名的劍橋大學(xué)訪問。

I would like to thank you, Sir Alec Broers, Vice-Chancellor, for the invitation, which brings me to the famous Cambridge University.能夠與青年朋友們聚集一堂，共同討論人類如何在新世紀(jì)里迎接挑戰(zhàn)、創(chuàng)造更加美好的未來，我感到十分高興。

It gives me great pleasure to be together with young friends in a discussion on how mankind should rise up to the challenge in the new century and build a better future.劍橋大學(xué)是具有700多年歷史的世界著名學(xué)府，曾培養(yǎng)出牛頓、培根、彌爾頓、拜倫、達(dá)爾文等對(duì)人類進(jìn)步事業(yè)作出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的偉大科學(xué)家、思想家和詩(shī)人。

Cambridge University is a world-renowned university with a history of more than 700 years.It has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind.今天，劍橋大學(xué)作為獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)學(xué)者最多的大學(xué)，在世界高等學(xué)府中依然居于顯要的地位。Today, Cambridge University, which has produced more Nobel Prize winners than any other university, still takes a significant place among all the institutions of higher learning in the world.50多年前，在我上大學(xué)的那個(gè)年代，就有不少的中國(guó)年輕學(xué)子向往到劍橋負(fù)笈求學(xué)。

Over fifty years ago when I was a university student, many young Chinese students were longing for an opportunity to come and study in Cambridge.劍橋大學(xué)與中國(guó)交往的歷史，早在上個(gè)世紀(jì)之交就開始了。

This university began its contacts with China as early as the beginning of the last century.一百年前，劍橋大學(xué)開設(shè)了漢語(yǔ)課程。

A hundred years ago, Cambridge started the Chinese language course.貴校已故的李約瑟博士在中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界享有很高的聲名。

The late Dr.Joseph Needham of Cambridge University enjoyed a high prestige in the Chinese academic circles.他傾注畢生心血撰寫的《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)史》，是一部研究中國(guó)古代科學(xué)技術(shù)和文明成就的鴻篇巨制。He devoted his entire life to the writing of Science and Civilization in China, a monumental work for study on ancient Chinese science and technology and cultural achievements.100年來，許多中國(guó)學(xué)者不遠(yuǎn)萬(wàn)里到劍橋求學(xué)訪問，中國(guó)杰出的數(shù)學(xué)家華羅庚就是其中最著名的代表。For 100 years, many Chinese scholars, best represented by Mr.Hua Luogeng, an outstanding Chinese mathematician, have traveled long distances to study in Cambridge.今天，中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界和劍橋大學(xué)繼續(xù)保持著良好的交流與合作。

Today, the Chinese academic community still maintains good exchanges and cooperation with Cambridge.這對(duì)加強(qiáng)中英人民的文化交流和友誼，推進(jìn)科技和思想進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生了積極的作用和影響。

This has played a positive role in and exerted a sound influence on enhanced cultural exchanges and friendship between the Chinese and British people and progress in science and technology as well as in thinking.20世紀(jì)，人類創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)和精神財(cái)富，超過了以往任何一個(gè)時(shí)代。I n the 20th century, mankind has created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other time in history.令人遺憾的是，人類在這100年中也經(jīng)歷了前所未有的苦難，特別是遭受了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的浩劫。Regrettably, it is also in these 100 years that humanity has experienced unprecedented hardships, particularly the havoc of the two world wars.但是世界的歷史從來是由世界人民創(chuàng)造和書寫的，因而正義總會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，光明總會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝黑暗，進(jìn)步總會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝落后，人類必然會(huì)不斷地克服艱難險(xiǎn)阻，向著美好的未來開拓前進(jìn)。

However, it is always the people of the world that make and write world history.In this sense, justice will inevitably prevail over evil, light over darkness and progress over backwardness.Mankind will undoubtedly keep on overcoming difficulties and obstacles, blaze new trails and steadily move forward to a better future.21世紀(jì)就要到來，世界人民雖然仍面臨著很多嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，可以肯定地說，人類也面臨著巨大的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

The 21st century is approaching.The people of the world still face many tough challenges, but definitely they also see enormous opportunities for development.只要世界人民同心協(xié)力，形成戰(zhàn)勝一切挑戰(zhàn)的巨大力量，人類文明進(jìn)步的航船就必將乘風(fēng)破浪地前進(jìn)。So long as the people of the world work in unison and form a strong force to tackle all challenges, mankind with its civilization will continue to march forward against all odds.like a ship braving the wind and the waves.People of different countries have traversed different roads of historical development.Each nation with its own cultural background, social system and value, will continue to lead a life in its own way.世界是豐富多彩的。

The world is colorful and diversified.各國(guó)人民走過了不同的歷史發(fā)展道路，有著不同的文化背景、社會(huì)制度和價(jià)值觀念，延續(xù)著不同的生活方式。

People of different countries have traversed different roads of historical development.Each nation with its own cultural background, social system and value, will continue to lead a life in its own way.這種多樣性正是世界充滿競(jìng)賽、活力和創(chuàng)新的根本原因。

This diversity is the very reason why the world is full of competition, vigor and innovation.各國(guó)之間應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基礎(chǔ)上共同前進(jìn)，而不應(yīng)讓這種多樣性成為阻礙各國(guó)人民攜手共進(jìn)的隔閡，更不應(yīng)人為地從中挑起對(duì)立和沖突。

Countries should enhance exchanges and understanding, and move ahead together on the basis of mutual respect and equality.They should not allow the diversity to be a barrier to their forward march, still less should they deliberately provoke confrontation and conflict.尊重和發(fā)展世界文明的多樣性，并在這種多樣性中找到共同利益之所在，是人類社會(huì)向前發(fā)展的偉大動(dòng)力。

To respect and develop the diversity of world civilization and identify therefrom common interests are a great driving force propelling human society forward.這里，我想就中國(guó)的發(fā)展這個(gè)題目談一些我的看法，希望有助于諸位對(duì)中國(guó)的了解。

Here, I want to share with you some of my thoughts on China's development, in the hope that it will give you a better understanding of my country.中華人民共和國(guó)剛剛度過了50歲的生日。

The People's Republic of China has just celebrated its 50th anniversary.對(duì)于綿延5000多年的中華文明而言，50年只是彈指一揮間。

Fifty years are but a brief moment for Chinese civilization that has been going on for more than 5,000 years.然而，在這50年中，中國(guó)這個(gè)古老的國(guó)度發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，面貌煥然一新。

However, in the past 50 years, earth-shaking changes have taken place on this ancient Chinese land.It has taken on a completely new look.近代中國(guó)是一個(gè)半殖民地半封建的社會(huì)，China in modern history was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.國(guó)勢(shì)衰弱，外強(qiáng)侵入，國(guó)土淪喪，生靈涂炭。

It was weak, feeble and fell a prey to foreign invasion, with lots of land annexed and its people plunged into an abyss of misery.中國(guó)人民為改變這種悲慘命運(yùn)，進(jìn)行了頑強(qiáng)的抗?fàn)?。The Chinese people fought tenaciously to change their miserable destiny.從上世紀(jì)中葉到本世紀(jì)中葉，中國(guó)人民在苦斗中經(jīng)歷了多次挫折和失敗，但始終不屈不撓，最后在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下取得了民族獨(dú)立和人民解放，建立了新中國(guó)。

From the middle of the last century to that of this century, the Chinese people went through setbacks and defeat in their struggles, but they never yielded.Finally, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, they won national independence and liberation and founded New China.從此，中國(guó)歷史的發(fā)展進(jìn)入了嶄新的時(shí)代。

From then on China entered a completely new era of development in its history.掌握了自己命運(yùn)的中國(guó)各族人民，終于可以在一個(gè)獨(dú)立、統(tǒng)一、和平、穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境中意氣風(fēng)發(fā)地建設(shè)自己的國(guó)家，實(shí)現(xiàn)振興中華的偉大理想。

The Chinese people of all ethnic groups, who have taken their destiny in their own hands and enjoy independence, unity, peace and stability, are now able to devote all their energy to the cause of building up their country and realize the lofty ideal of national rejuvenation.中國(guó)人民十分珍惜經(jīng)過艱苦卓絕的奮斗而取得的當(dāng)家作主的權(quán)利，十分珍惜經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期艱辛的探索而開辟的建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義這一正確的發(fā)展道路。

They deeply cherish their hard-won right to be masters of the country and the right past to development, that is ,building socialism with Chinese characteristics.This is a road they have found after years of difficult exploration.歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)都告訴我們，只有始終不渝地堅(jiān)持這一切，中國(guó)才能持續(xù)發(fā)展，中國(guó)人民才能過上幸福美好的生活。

Both history and realities tell us that only by adhering to all this can China obtain a sustainable development and the Chinese people lead a happy life.經(jīng)過50年的艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，中國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力、社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和人民生活水平大幅度提高。

Our strenuous efforts in the past 50 years have brought about a substantial boost in the overall national strength and social productivity and a marked improvement of people's livelihood.從1952年到1958年，中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長(zhǎng)百分之七點(diǎn)七，明顯高于同期世界年平均增長(zhǎng)百分之三左右的水平。

From 1952 to 1998, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.7%, much higher than the world average of 3% in the same period.現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量排名世界第七，外匯儲(chǔ)備世界第二，進(jìn)出口總額世界第十一。

Its economic aggregates are the 7th largest in the world, its foreign exchange reserves the second largest, and its total foreign trade volume the 11th largest.在過去20年間，中國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困人口減少了兩億多，百分之九十五以上的農(nóng)民過上了溫飽有余的生活。In the past two decades, the poverty-stricken population in its rural areas has been reduced by more than 200 million, and more than 95% of farmers have got enough and to spare.中國(guó)人口的預(yù)期壽命由新中國(guó)成立前的35歲提高到目前的71歲，成人文盲率由百分之八十下降到百分之十六點(diǎn)五。

Life expectancy has increased from 35 years prior to the founding of New China to the current 71.The illiteracy rate among adults has dropped from 80% to 16.5%.中國(guó)的物質(zhì)文明建設(shè)和精神文明建設(shè)都取得了舉世矚目的成就，Remarkable achievements have been scored in both the material and spiritual civilization.舊中國(guó)積貧積弱的狀況已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。

Gone forever are the days in which China was poor and weak.國(guó)際輿論評(píng)論說：“中國(guó)只用了一代人的時(shí)間，取得了其他國(guó)家用了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能取得的成就”。There are comments from world opinion: “It has taken China only on generation to achieve what would have taken other countries several centuries to accomplish”.中國(guó)建設(shè)的成就，不僅為中國(guó)的未來發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，而且也為促進(jìn)亞洲和世界的和平穩(wěn)定作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。

What China has accomplished has not only laid a solid foundation for its future development, but also constituted enormous contribution to peace and stability of Asia and the world at large.中國(guó)所以能在短短的幾十年間成就這樣的大業(yè)，是由于在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下全國(guó)各族人民實(shí)現(xiàn)了前所未有的大團(tuán)結(jié)，是由于中國(guó)人民找到了有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義道路，并從優(yōu)秀的民族文化傳統(tǒng)與時(shí)代精神的結(jié)合中獲得了強(qiáng)大的精神動(dòng)力。

The reason why China can achieve so much in the short space of several decades lies with the unprecedented unity that the people of all ethnic groups have attained under the leadership of the CPC.It can also be attributed to the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics that the Chinese people have found and to the inspiration that the Chinese nation has drawn from its fine tradition and culture as well as the spirit of the new era.沒有自己精神支柱的民族是沒有前途的。

A nation without a spirit to support it has no future.要正確把握中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)生和將要發(fā)生的事情，需要了解中國(guó)人民的基本價(jià)值觀念。

To have a good understanding of what has happened and what will happen in China, it is absolutely necessary to know the basic Chinese values.中華民族歷來尊重人的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。

The Chinese nation has always valued human dignity and value.還在遙遠(yuǎn)的古代，我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想，認(rèn)為“天生萬(wàn)物，唯人為貴”，Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of people being most important, believing that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters”.一切社會(huì)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，都取決于人的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，取決于人的尊嚴(yán)的維護(hù)和價(jià)值的發(fā)揮。

Progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行革命、建設(shè)和改革，就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)全中國(guó)人民廣泛的自由、民主和人權(quán)。The Communist Party of China has lead the Chinese people in carrying out revolution, development and reform precisely for the purpose of ensuring the entire Chinese people broad freedoms, democracy and human rights.今天中國(guó)所煥發(fā)出來的巨大活力，是中國(guó)人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動(dòng)寫照。The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.中國(guó)在公元一世紀(jì)人口就已達(dá)到過6000萬(wàn)左右，China's population reached around 60 million as early as in the 1st century.眾多人口的衣食住行，幾千年來一直是中國(guó)歷代政府所要解決的首要人權(quán)問題。

For several thousand years, to provide for the people 's need for food, clothing, housing and transport has all along been the primary human rights challenge for successive governments in Chinese history.今天的中國(guó)是一個(gè)有12億多人口的發(fā)展中大國(guó)，仍然必須首先保障最廣大人民的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)，不然一切其他權(quán)利都無從談起。

In today's China, which is a large developing country with a population of over 1.2 billion, top priority should still be given to ensuring the greatest possible majority of its people the rights to subsistence and development.Otherwise, there would be no other rights to speak of.中國(guó)確保12億多人的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)，這是對(duì)世界人權(quán)進(jìn)步事業(yè)的重大貢獻(xiàn)。

To ensure our people these rights is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause.集體人權(quán)與個(gè)人人權(quán)、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)文化權(quán)利與公民政治權(quán)利緊密結(jié)合和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，這是適合中國(guó)國(guó)情因而是中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的必然道路。

Collective and individual human rights have to go hand in hand and their coordinated development should be pursued, so do economic, social and cultural rights on the one hand and civil and political rights on the other.This is in keeping with China's specific national conditions and is therefore the only way to progress in the human rights cause in China.中國(guó)集中力量發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，促進(jìn)社會(huì)全面進(jìn)步，堅(jiān)持發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家，都是為了促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民的人權(quán)事業(yè)。

China has been concentrating its resources on economic development, promoting all-round social progress and persistently developing socialist democracy and building a socialist country under the rule of law.All this is aimed at promoting the cause of human rights of the Chinese people.中國(guó)積極參加國(guó)際人權(quán)領(lǐng)域的活動(dòng)，在平等與相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)上與國(guó)際社會(huì)就人權(quán)問題開展了富有成效的對(duì)話與合作，為推進(jìn)世界人權(quán)進(jìn)步事業(yè)作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。

China has played an active part in international activities in the human rights field, carried out highly effective dialogues and cooperation with the rest of international community on the question of human rights on the basis of equality and mutual respect and hence made positive contributions to progress in the global human rights cause.中華民族歷來堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的民族精神和發(fā)展道路。

The Chinese nation has persistently pursued an independent national spirit and road to development.中國(guó)人民把獨(dú)立自主當(dāng)作立國(guó)之本，We, the Chinese people, regard independence as the foundation on which to build the country.在五千多年的不懈奮斗中創(chuàng)造了燦爛的中華文明，We have created a splendid Chinese civilization by making unremitting endeavor over five thousand years.并在近代反抗外來侵略、實(shí)現(xiàn)民族解放的斗爭(zhēng)中自立自強(qiáng)，最終掌握了自己的命運(yùn)。

We grew stronger by relying on our own efforts in the struggle to resist foreign aggression and gain national liberation in modern times and finally became masters of our own destiny.獨(dú)立自主、自力更生，同學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)，吸收世界文明的成果，Independence and self-reliance should not rule out learning from other countries and drawing upon the fruits of world civilization.是相互結(jié)合、相輔相成的。

The two are complementary to each other.中華民族的先人們?cè)缇投眠@個(gè)道理。

Our ancestors came to know this a long time ago.中國(guó)的漢唐時(shí)代，都曾在這方面留下了寶貴的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，In this respect, we have valuable historical experience from the Han and Tang Dynasties.當(dāng)時(shí)既是中國(guó)自強(qiáng)不息地發(fā)展自己的昌盛時(shí)期，也是積極開展對(duì)外交流，廣泛吸收外來進(jìn)步文化的時(shí)期。

Those were periods of prosperity when China strove to develop itself on its own, and also periods when it learned extensively from foreign advanced cultures in the process of actively conducting external exchanges.新中國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)人民堅(jiān)持走自己的路，進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)政治文化建設(shè)，把祖國(guó)建設(shè)成為一個(gè)初步繁榮昌盛的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。

Since the founding of New China, we Chinese people have persevered in taking our own road and engaging in the economic, political and cultural undertakings and turning our motherland into a socialist country with initial prosperity.同時(shí)，積極吸收和借鑒世界一切先進(jìn)的文明成果，這些文明成果對(duì)于中國(guó)的發(fā)展也起了重要的促進(jìn)作用。

Meanwhile, we have earnestly absorbed and drawn upon fruits of advanced world civilization, which in turn have greatly promoted the development of China.當(dāng)然，這種對(duì)外國(guó)文明的吸收和借鑒決不能是簡(jiǎn)單的模仿。

However, it must be pointed out that the absorption and learning process is by no means one of simple imitation.中國(guó)既不能照抄西方資本主義國(guó)家的發(fā)展模式，也不能硬搬其他國(guó)家建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的模式，China can not copy the development model of Western capitalist countries, nor can it mechanically follow other countries' models of building socialism.而必須走適合自己國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路。

On the contrary, it must take a road to development that is suited to its national conditions.這就是我們通過自己的長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐終于找到的建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的道路。

That is, the road to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, which we have found through long-term practice.中國(guó)人民將堅(jiān)定不移地沿著這條道路走下去。

The Chinese people will move forward unswervingly along this road.中華民族歷來珍惜各民族大團(tuán)結(jié)和祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一。

The Chinese nation has always valued the great unity of all the ethnic groups and the reunification of the country.中國(guó)的56個(gè)民族，從古代開始就在華夏大地上勞動(dòng)和繁衍，經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的相互幫助、相互學(xué)習(xí)，形成了統(tǒng)一的多民族國(guó)家。

Since ancient times, people of the 56 ethnic groups have toiled and multiplied on the vast land of China.They have helped each other and learned from each other over long years and thus formed a unitary multi-ethnic country.維護(hù)中華民族的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一，是中華民族偉大復(fù)興的根本基礎(chǔ)，是全國(guó)各族人民的根本利益所在。The preservation of solidarity and unity of the Chinese nation is the very foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and is where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups lie.新中國(guó)成立以后，中國(guó)在少數(shù)民族聚居的地方實(shí)行區(qū)域自治，Since the founding of New China, regional autonomy has been practiced in places where ethnic minorities live in compact communities.各民族的權(quán)益受到憲法保障，The rights and interests of all the ethnic groups are protected by the Constitution.民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展，Continued social and economic progress has been made in the regions inhabited by ethnic minorities.各民族之間的平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、互助關(guān)系不斷加強(qiáng)。

The relations between different ethnic groups based on equality, solidarity and mutual help have grown stronger and stronger.中國(guó)各族人民堅(jiān)決反對(duì)任何企圖分裂中國(guó)領(lǐng)土和主權(quán)的圖謀。

The Chinese people of all ethnic groups are firmly opposed to any attempt to split the Chinese territory and sovereignty.中國(guó)民主革命的偉大先行者、中國(guó)國(guó)民黨的創(chuàng)始人孫中山先生早就指出：“中國(guó)是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家，這一點(diǎn)已牢牢地印在我國(guó)的歷史意識(shí)之中，正是這種意識(shí)，才使我們能作為一個(gè)國(guó)家而被保存下來。” Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution and the founder of the Kuomintang(the Nationalist Party), pointed out:“China is a unitary country.This has already been deeply etched in its historical identity.It is this identity that has kept us together as one nation.”

中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)恢復(fù)對(duì)香港行使主權(quán)，澳門也將于今年12月20日回歸中國(guó)。

The Chinese government has already resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong.Macau will return to the embrace of the motherland on 20 December this year.按照“和平統(tǒng)一、一國(guó)兩制”方針最終解決臺(tái)灣問題，完成祖國(guó)的統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，是全體中國(guó)人民不可動(dòng)搖的意志。

It is the unshakable will of all the Chinese people to ultimately resolve the Taiwan question under the principle of “peaceful reunification, one country two systems” and accomplish the great cause of national reunification.在解決臺(tái)灣問題上，我們不承諾放棄使用武力，正是為了促成和平解決。

On the settlement of the Taiwan question, we do not undertake to renounce the use of force precisely for the purpose of facilitating a peaceful settlement.中國(guó)人民一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)中國(guó)的完全統(tǒng)一。

The Chinese people will certainly accomplish the complete reunification of the country.中華民族歷來愛好自由與和平。

The Chinese nation always loves freedom and peace.中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平、希望同各國(guó)人民友好相處。

The Chinese people have always longed for peace prevailing across the world and wish to live in harmony with the people of all the other countries.“親仁善鄰”，一直為我們的先人們奉為國(guó)之寶箴。

“Benevolence and good-neighbourliness” were all along regarded as a treasured maxim by our ancestors.中國(guó)人民在近代飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和被侵略的痛苦，更深感自由與和平的珍貴。In modern times, the Chinese people suffered immensely from the scourge of war and aggression, so now they feel all the more strongly the value of freedom and peace.任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的建設(shè)和發(fā)展，都需要一個(gè)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境。

The nation-building and development of each and every country requires a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment.任何一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的自由，都是一切個(gè)人自由的前提和基礎(chǔ)。

Freedom of a country and nation serves as a precondition and basis for the freedom of all its individuals.我們希望各國(guó)人民都生活在沒有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和暴力的世界里，希望各國(guó)人民都能享有不被人壓迫、歧視和欺凌的自由。

It is our hope that the people of all countries can live in a world free from war and violence and free from suppression, discrimination and bullying.中國(guó)實(shí)行以和平為宗旨的外交方針，堅(jiān)持相互尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政的基本原則。

China pursues a peace-oriented foreign policy and adheres to the basic principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.中國(guó)主張不同社會(huì)制度的國(guó)家應(yīng)該平等相待，和平共處，反對(duì)任何國(guó)家以任何形式把自己的政治制度和意識(shí)形態(tài)強(qiáng)加于別國(guó)。

China is of the view that countries with different social systems should treat one another as equals and co-exist peacefully, and is opposed to any attempt to impose in any form one's own political system and ideology on other countries.中國(guó)的發(fā)展和強(qiáng)盛不會(huì)對(duì)任何人構(gòu)成威脅，而只會(huì)促進(jìn)世界的和平、穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。

A developed, strong and prosperous China will pose no threat to anyone.It will only promote world peace, stability and development.永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸，這是中國(guó)人民對(duì)世界的莊嚴(yán)承諾。

China will never seek hegemony.This is a solemn commitment of the Chinese people to the world.中國(guó)人民選擇和實(shí)踐的社會(huì)主義發(fā)展道路和各項(xiàng)基本的內(nèi)外政策，源于現(xiàn)代中國(guó)歷史發(fā)展的必然，也源于中華民族千百年來形成的優(yōu)良民族傳統(tǒng)，因而具有歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的充分依據(jù)和牢固基礎(chǔ)。

The road to socialist development and the basic domestic and foreign policies chosen and followed by the Chinese people have their origin in the logical historical development of modern China and in the fine national tradition of the Chinese nation formed over thousands of years.Therefore, they are well founded and firmly grounded in terms of both history and realities.我們的目標(biāo)是，到下個(gè)世紀(jì)中葉，即中華人民共和國(guó)成立一百周年時(shí)，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，把中國(guó)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。

Our goal is to realize modernization by and large and turn China into a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally-advanced socialist country by the middle of next century when the People's Republic of China celebrates its centenary.中國(guó)人民有信心克服和戰(zhàn)勝前進(jìn)道路上出現(xiàn)的各種困難和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)我們既定的偉大目標(biāo)。

The Chinese people are confident that they will brave and overcome all the difficulties and risks on their way forward and attain this great goal.中國(guó)的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展，將會(huì)為中英兩國(guó)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的友好合作提供良好的機(jī)遇。

The stability and development of China will provide good opportunities for China and the UK to carry out friendly cooperation in various fields.中國(guó)愿與英國(guó)共同努力，將一個(gè)充滿活力的中英全面合作伙伴關(guān)系帶入21世紀(jì)。

China is ready to work together with the UK to bring a dynamic China-UK partnership of all-round cooperation into the 21st century.女士們，先生們： Ladies and Gentlemen, 人類又來到了一個(gè)新的世紀(jì)之交和千年之交的重要?dú)v史時(shí)刻。

Mankind is again at an important historical juncture when it is about to enter a new century and a new millennium.冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來，世界形勢(shì)總體趨向緩和。

Since the end of the Cold War, the world situation has, generally speaking, moved towards relaxation.各國(guó)人民要和平、求穩(wěn)定、謀發(fā)展的呼聲日益高漲。

There has been an increasingly louder call for peace, stability and development from people of the world.科學(xué)技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展，為人類開發(fā)和利用自然提供了空前巨大的能力，也為人類自身能力的發(fā)展開辟了廣闊的前景。

Science and technology, which advance by leads and bounds, have not only provided an unprecedented capacity for mankind to explore and harness nature, but also opened up broad prospects for the development of man's own ability.但天下仍很不太平，世界的和平與發(fā)展依然受到這樣或那樣的威脅。

But the world is far from tranquil, and world peace and development are still under threat in one way or another.強(qiáng)權(quán)政治和霸權(quán)主義在國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和安全領(lǐng)域中依然存在并有新的發(fā)展，Power politics and hegemony still exist in international political, economic and security realms and have further asserted themselves.地區(qū)沖突此起彼伏，Regional conflicts have erupted one after another.南北發(fā)展差距繼續(xù)拉大，The gap in development between North and South continues to widen.環(huán)境惡化、武器擴(kuò)散、國(guó)際犯罪、恐怖主義等跨國(guó)問題困擾著人類。

Mankind is plagued by trans-national problems such as environmental degradation, arms proliferation, international crimes and terrorism.如果我們不能抓緊解決這一系列重大問題，世界就難以發(fā)展。

If we fail to address these major problems promptly, it will be difficult for the world to develop further.何去何從，解決這些問題的主動(dòng)權(quán)掌握在世界人民手中。

With regard to what course to follow and how to resolve these problems, the initiative is in the hands of the people of the world.推動(dòng)建立公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序，是各國(guó)人民和有遠(yuǎn)見的政治家必須認(rèn)真而審慎思考的極其重大的課題。

To help establish a just and rational new international political and economic order is a task of vital importance, a task that people of all countries and farsighted statesmen have to ponder over in seriousness and with prudence.為維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，所有的國(guó)家都必須遵循公認(rèn)的國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，包括和平共處五項(xiàng)原則和《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》的宗旨與原則。

To safeguard world peace and promote common development, all countries must comply with the universally recognized basic norms governing international relations, including the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.各國(guó)的事情要由各國(guó)人民作主，國(guó)際上的事情要由大家商量解決。

The affairs of a country should be dealt with by the people of that country, and international affairs should be settled through consultation by all countries and regions concerned.各國(guó)人民有權(quán)自主選擇符合本國(guó)國(guó)情的社會(huì)制度和發(fā)展道路，創(chuàng)造自己的生活。

People of each country are entitled to choose independently the social system and road to development suited to their national conditions and to build their own lives.維護(hù)自己國(guó)家的主權(quán)和安全，是每個(gè)國(guó)家的政府和人民的神圣權(quán)利與光榮職責(zé)，It is the sacred right and glorious duty of the government and people of each country to safeguard their state sovereignty and security.任何別的國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織都應(yīng)尊重，都無權(quán)進(jìn)行干預(yù)。

All other countries and international organizations should respect them and have no right to interfere.處理國(guó)與國(guó)的關(guān)系應(yīng)超越社會(huì)制度和意識(shí)形態(tài)的差異，努力尋求共同利益的匯合點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)大互利合作，謀求共同發(fā)展。

It is essential to transcend the differences in social system and ideology in handling state-to-state relations, work to seek convergence of common interests, expand mutually-beneficial cooperation and strive for common development.不能用一種政治制度和發(fā)展模式去規(guī)范世界。

It is not right to model the world after one political system or development mode.各個(gè)國(guó)家都應(yīng)遵循世界是豐富多彩的原則，采取相互學(xué)習(xí)、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短的積極態(tài)度，以利共同發(fā)展。All countries should honor the principle that the world is colorful and diversified, and adopt a positive attitude of learning from each other to make up for their respective deficiencies in the interest of common development.開展國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)交往，應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持平等互利。

It is essential to adhere to the principle of equality and mutual benefit in conducting international economic exchanges.制定國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域的新規(guī)則，應(yīng)該充分反映經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)還不發(fā)達(dá)、處于弱勢(shì)地位的廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的合理要求，注意保障它們的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。

In formulating new rules guiding international economic activities and trade, the reasonable demands of the vast number of developing countries should be fully reflected, as they are under-developed in terms of the economy and technology and at a disadvantage, and attention should be paid to the protection of their legitimate rights and interests.第二次大戰(zhàn)以后許多殖民地國(guó)家的人民獲得了解放和獨(dú)立，F(xiàn)ollowing World War II, the people of many countries under colonial rule were emancipated and won independence.這是人類社會(huì)在20世紀(jì)取得的最偉大的進(jìn)步。

That was the greatest progress made by human society in the 20th century.這些國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱，處在發(fā)展的過程之中。

These countries still have a weak economic foundation and are in the process of development.離開甚至損害發(fā)展中國(guó)家的利益，整個(gè)世界就不可能穩(wěn)定，更不可能普遍繁榮，Should their interests be ignored or even harmed, the world would not enjoy stability, not to say universal prosperity.就會(huì)帶來諸多困難、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不公正不合理的現(xiàn)象，最終發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家也會(huì)受到損害。And there would emerge a multitude of problems, risks, inequalities and irrationalities, which would ultimately jeopardize the interest of developed countries.我們希望各國(guó)的政治家都能關(guān)注逐步解決南北經(jīng)濟(jì)差距不斷拉大這一十分緊迫的問題。

It is our hope that the statesmen of all countries will pay attention to the very urgent issue of gradually narrowing the widening gap between North and South economically.這個(gè)問題不解決，必將對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展產(chǎn)生極大的負(fù)面影響，人類共同發(fā)展繁榮的目標(biāo)就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

This problem, if not solved, is bound to inflict a big negative impact on the steady growth of the global economy, and make it impossible for mankind to achieve common development and prosperity.維護(hù)國(guó)際安全，必須徹底摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，努力把國(guó)際社會(huì)的持久和平建立在促進(jìn)各國(guó)相互信任和共同利益的新安全觀的基礎(chǔ)上。

To maintain international security, it is essential to discard the Cold-War mentality and work to build a lasting peace for the international community on the basis of a new security concept featuring promotion of mutual trust and common interests of all countries.應(yīng)通過國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同努力，首先確立有利于世界和平與穩(wěn)定，有利于各國(guó)和平發(fā)展的安全機(jī)制，任何國(guó)家都不能把自己的所謂安全建立在損害他國(guó)安全利益的基礎(chǔ)上。

A security mechanism conducive to world peace and stability and to peaceful development of all countries should first be established through the concerted efforts of the international community.Under it, no country should be allowed to build its own so-called security at the expense of the security interests of other countries.應(yīng)通過對(duì)話增進(jìn)信任，通過合作謀求安全，相互尊重主權(quán)，和平解決爭(zhēng)端。

It is essential to build confidence through dialogue, seek security through cooperation, respect each other's sovereignty and settle disputes through peaceful means.中國(guó)2550年前誕生的杰出教育家、思想家孔子說過：“逝者如斯夫！不舍晝夜?！?/p>

Confucius, an outstanding educator and thinker of China who was born about 2,550 years ago, once said:“The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.”

時(shí)光流逝不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。

The lapse of time is irreversible.21世紀(jì)正在到來。

The 21st century is just around the corner.人類美好的未來要靠一代代年輕人去創(chuàng)造。

The beautiful future of mankind will depend on the efforts of young people generation after generation.我希望，中英兩國(guó)青年順應(yīng)時(shí)代的要求和世界發(fā)展的潮流，刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，知難而進(jìn)，為建設(shè)自己的國(guó)家，為維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)人類進(jìn)步事業(yè)作出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。

It is my hope that the youth of China and the UK will meet the needs of the times and follow the tide of world development, study hard, move ahead in defiance of difficulties and make their due contribution to the development of their own countries, maintenance of world peace and advancement of the cause of human progress.謝謝各位。Thank you.

第二篇：敬愛的溫總理劍橋演講全文

敬愛的溫總理劍橋演講全文——用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)

尊敬的校長(zhǎng)，老師們、同學(xué)們，今天外邊下著大雪，天氣嚴(yán)寒，但是我的心是熱的，我早已盼望在劍橋同老師同學(xué)們見面，互相交流。現(xiàn)在正是金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)冬季節(jié)，但是我看到年輕人仿佛看到了春天，看到了光明和未來。因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信知識(shí)的力量，年輕人的勇氣是可以改變?nèi)说拿\(yùn)、國(guó)家的命運(yùn)、整個(gè)世界的命運(yùn)。一篇好的演講應(yīng)該是不加修飾的，用心說話，講真話，這就是演講的實(shí)質(zhì)，我希望我的演講能夠給老師、同學(xué)們思想以啟迪。你們能夠記住其中一兩句話我也就滿足了。

其實(shí)到高等學(xué)府我的心里總是充滿著一種敬畏的心情，這種心情是由于我對(duì)知識(shí)、對(duì)老師、對(duì)學(xué)校的尊重，所以我剛才深深的給校長(zhǎng)、給老師們鞠躬，那不是禮節(jié)，而是一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)待校長(zhǎng)和老師應(yīng)盡的禮貌。劍橋舉世聞名，培養(yǎng)出牛頓、達(dá)爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學(xué)家、思想家，為人類文明進(jìn)步做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，今年是劍橋建校800周年，我謹(jǐn)致以熱烈祝賀。首先我向劍橋大學(xué)贈(zèng)送“中華數(shù)字書院”，其中收入了中國(guó)出版的20萬(wàn)冊(cè)電子圖書，涉及中國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，大家可以從中更多的了解中國(guó)。

這是我第四次訪問英國(guó)，中英相距遙遠(yuǎn)但兩國(guó)人民的友好交往不斷增多，香港問題的圓滿解決、經(jīng)貿(mào)、文教、科技等領(lǐng)域的有效合作，為發(fā)展中英全面戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，為此我向大家表示崇高的敬意，今天我演講的題目是“用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)”。我深深愛著的祖國(guó)古老而又年輕，說他古老，他是一個(gè)有著數(shù)千年文明史的東方大國(guó)，中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧創(chuàng)造了燦爛的古代文明，對(duì)人類發(fā)展作出過重大貢獻(xiàn)；說他年輕，新中國(guó)成立才60年，改革開放才30年，中國(guó)人民經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期不懈的斗爭(zhēng)建立了新中國(guó)，又經(jīng)過艱苦的探索終于找到了適合國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路，中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義、中國(guó)改革開放最重要的是解放思想，最根本，最具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)意義的是體制創(chuàng)新，我們推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，建立了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，在政府的宏觀調(diào)控下充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)對(duì)資源配制的基礎(chǔ)性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發(fā)展民主和完善法制結(jié)合起來，實(shí)行人民當(dāng)家作主，依法治國(guó)，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法制國(guó)家。

改革開放的實(shí)質(zhì)就是堅(jiān)持以人為本，通過解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需求，在公正的條件下促進(jìn)人們的全面發(fā)展，就是保障人民的民主權(quán)利，讓國(guó)家政通人和，興旺發(fā)達(dá)；就是維護(hù)人的尊嚴(yán)和自由，讓每個(gè)人的智慧和力量得以迸發(fā)，成功的追求自己的幸福生活。30年來，中國(guó)貧困人口減少了2億多，人均壽命提高了5歲，8300萬(wàn)殘疾人得到了政府和社會(huì)的特殊關(guān)愛，這是中國(guó)保障人權(quán)的光輝業(yè)績(jī)。9年免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育的推行，農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度的建立，社會(huì)保障體系的完善使學(xué)有所教，病有所醫(yī)，老有所養(yǎng)的理想正在變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，我愿借用兩句唐詩(shī)形容中國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀，“潮平兩岸闊，風(fēng)正一帆弦”，這是一個(gè)古而又新的發(fā)展中大國(guó)進(jìn)行的一場(chǎng)偉大實(shí)踐，掌握了自己命運(yùn)的中國(guó)人民對(duì)未來充滿信心，我深深愛著的祖國(guó)歷經(jīng)磨難而又自強(qiáng)不息。我年輕時(shí)曾長(zhǎng)期工作在中國(guó)的西北地區(qū)，在那浩瀚的沙漠中生長(zhǎng)著一種稀有的樹種叫胡楊，扎根地下50多米，抗干旱，斗風(fēng)沙，耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強(qiáng)，它生而1000年不死，死而1000年不倒，倒而1000年不朽，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅(jiān)韌不拔精神的象征。幾百年來中華民族一次次戰(zhàn)勝了天災(zāi)人禍，渡過了急流險(xiǎn)灘，昂首挺胸的走到今天，深重的災(zāi)難鑄就了他百折不撓的品格，中華民族的歷史證明了一個(gè)真理，一個(gè)民族在災(zāi)難中失去的必將從民主的進(jìn)步中得到補(bǔ)償。

此時(shí)此刻我不禁想起在汶川地震災(zāi)區(qū)的親身經(jīng)歷。今年春節(jié)除夕，我就是在災(zāi)區(qū)渡過的，去年5月四川汶川發(fā)生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學(xué)被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重，在救援的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)我曾經(jīng)指揮過搶救，我緊緊抱住兩個(gè)孩子。前不久一位在西班牙學(xué)繪畫的同學(xué)把這幅場(chǎng)景畫了一幅油畫送給了我，標(biāo)題就叫“依偎”。可是時(shí)隔10天，當(dāng)我第二次來到這里的時(shí)候鄉(xiāng)親們已經(jīng)在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲，當(dāng)時(shí)我在黑板上給同學(xué)們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個(gè)字，地震發(fā)生以來我七次到災(zāi)區(qū)，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉，我為我們中華民族這種越挫越奮的精神感到高興，這是我們生生不息的力量源泉，經(jīng)過半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的艱苦奮斗，中國(guó)有了比較大的發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟(jì)總量躍居世界前列，但我們?nèi)匀皇且粋€(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有很大的差距，人口多、底子薄、發(fā)展不平衡，這種基本國(guó)情還沒有從根本上得到改變，中國(guó)的人均GDP水平排在世界100位之后，僅為英國(guó)的1/18。到過中國(guó)旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現(xiàn)代的，而我們的農(nóng)村還比較落后。到本世紀(jì)中葉，中國(guó)要基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，這面臨三大歷史任務(wù)：既要努力實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲早已完成的工業(yè)化，又要追趕新世紀(jì)革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平，又要實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的公平正義；既要實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，又要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的國(guó)際責(zé)任。

中國(guó)要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平，還有很長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)的路要走，還會(huì)遇到許多艱難險(xiǎn)阻，但是任何困難都阻擋不住中國(guó)人民前進(jìn)的步伐，只要我們堅(jiān)持不懈的努力奮斗，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化的目標(biāo)就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。我深深愛著的祖國(guó)，珍視傳統(tǒng)而又開放兼容，中華傳統(tǒng)文化底蘊(yùn)深厚，博大精深，“和”在中國(guó)古代歷史上被封為最高價(jià)值，是中華文化的精髓，中國(guó)古老的經(jīng)典《尚書》就提出了主張人民和睦相處，國(guó)家友好往來，和為貴的文化傳統(tǒng)哺育了中華民族寬廣博達(dá)的胸懷，我們的民族既能像大地承載萬(wàn)物一樣寬厚包容，又能像蒼天一樣彰顯正義，15世紀(jì)中國(guó)著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個(gè)國(guó)家，他帶去了中國(guó)的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途的國(guó)家剿滅海盜，真正做到了博人愛與友邦。說國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸這不適合中國(guó)，稱霸既有悖于我們的文化傳統(tǒng)，也違背中國(guó)人民的意志，中國(guó)的發(fā)展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國(guó)要做和平的大國(guó)、學(xué)習(xí)的大國(guó)、合作的大國(guó)，致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧的世界。

不同的國(guó)家，不同民族的文化需要相互尊重，相互包容和相互學(xué)習(xí)，今天的中國(guó)有3億人在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

我們的新聞廣播天天都在介紹文化藝術(shù)，正因?yàn)槲覀兩朴谠诮涣髦袑W(xué)習(xí)，在見解中收獲才有今天中國(guó)的繁榮和進(jìn)步。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化已經(jīng)把世界連成一體，文化的發(fā)展將不再是各自封閉的，而是相互影響中多元共存，一個(gè)國(guó)家，一個(gè)民族對(duì)人類文化貢獻(xiàn)的大小越來越取決于他吸收未來文化的能力和自我更新的能力，中國(guó)將永遠(yuǎn)堅(jiān)持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統(tǒng)又博采眾長(zhǎng)，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。

女士們、先生們，我之所以強(qiáng)調(diào)用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)，就是因?yàn)槭澜缭谧儯袊?guó)也在變，如今的中國(guó)早已不是100年前封閉落后的舊中國(guó)，也不是30年前貧窮僵化的中國(guó)，經(jīng)過改革開放，中國(guó)的面貌已煥然一新，北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)向世界展示的就是這樣一個(gè)古老、多彩和現(xiàn)代的中國(guó)。我希望朋友們多到中國(guó)走一走，看一看，了解今天的中國(guó)人究竟在想什么、做什么、關(guān)心什么，這樣有助于你們認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)真實(shí)的不斷發(fā)展變化著的中國(guó)，也有助于你們了解中國(guó)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前這場(chǎng)全球性金融危機(jī)的。在這場(chǎng)前所未有的世界金融危機(jī)中，中國(guó)和包括英國(guó)在內(nèi)的歐洲都受到嚴(yán)重的沖擊，現(xiàn)在危機(jī)尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴(yán)重后果還難以預(yù)料，合作應(yīng)對(duì)、共度難關(guān)是我們的首要任務(wù)。我認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)全球性危機(jī)需要增進(jìn)合作，有多大程度的相互信任就可能有多大程度的合作。

中國(guó)政府主張：第一要首先辦好各國(guó)自己的事情，不要把麻煩推給別人；第二要精誠(chéng)合作，不要搞以鄰為禍；第三要標(biāo)本兼治，不能頭疼醫(yī)頭，腳疼醫(yī)腳。我在達(dá)沃斯會(huì)上已經(jīng)重申，應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際貨幣金融體系進(jìn)行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國(guó)際金融新秩序。努力營(yíng)造有利于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的制度環(huán)境，我不想再重復(fù)在達(dá)沃斯講的那些觀點(diǎn)了，這里我想談一談中國(guó)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)的。

金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響日益顯現(xiàn)，從去年第三季度以來出口大幅下滑，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，就業(yè)壓力加大，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著嚴(yán)峻的局面，面對(duì)危機(jī)我們果斷決策，及時(shí)調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的趨向，迅速出臺(tái)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求的十項(xiàng)措施，陸續(xù)制定了一系列政策，形成了系統(tǒng)完整的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的一攬子計(jì)劃，主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：

一是大規(guī)模增加政府支出，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需。中國(guó)政府推出了以財(cái)政支出帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資、總額4萬(wàn)億元的兩年計(jì)劃，規(guī)模相當(dāng)于2007年中國(guó)GDP的16%，主要投向保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及社會(huì)事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保建設(shè)和地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。中國(guó)政府還推出了大規(guī)模的減稅計(jì)劃，一年可減輕企業(yè)和居民負(fù)擔(dān)約5千億元，我們還大幅降息和增加銀行的流動(dòng)性，出臺(tái)了一系列措施。

二是大范圍實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興計(jì)劃。我們?nèi)嫱七M(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，制定了汽車鋼鐵等10個(gè)重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃，我們采取經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)的措施，大力推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排，推進(jìn)企業(yè)兼并重組，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和資源配置的效率，我們鼓勵(lì)和支持企業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、新工藝、新設(shè)備、新材料、開發(fā)時(shí)效對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品。

三是大力推進(jìn)科技進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新?？萍际强朔鹑谖C(jī)的根本力量，每一場(chǎng)大的危機(jī)常常伴隨一場(chǎng)新的科技革命，每一次經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇都離不開技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。我們加快實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發(fā)利用、高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床等16個(gè)重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在更高水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科技支撐，推動(dòng)發(fā)展高科技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)群，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。我們就是要依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)的重大突破創(chuàng)造新的社會(huì)需求，催生新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。

四是大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，提高失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金和工傷保險(xiǎn)金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高城鄉(xiāng)低保，農(nóng)村五保等保障水平，積極推進(jìn)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制改革，力爭(zhēng)用3年時(shí)間基本建成覆蓋全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，初步實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。我們堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，正在制訂中長(zhǎng)期教育規(guī)劃發(fā)展綱要，我們實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，重點(diǎn)解決高校畢業(yè)生和農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)問題，開辟就業(yè)崗位，緩解就業(yè)壓力，我們采取的這些措施把擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求、調(diào)整振興產(chǎn)業(yè)、加強(qiáng)科技支撐、強(qiáng)化社會(huì)保障結(jié)合起來。把拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和改善民生、增加就業(yè)結(jié)合起來，把克服當(dāng)前困難和促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展結(jié)合起來，這樣做有利于中國(guó)的發(fā)展。也將給包括英國(guó)在內(nèi)的各國(guó)企業(yè)帶來巨大商機(jī)，這場(chǎng)百年一遇的金融危機(jī)留給世人的思考是沉重的，它警示人們對(duì)現(xiàn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制應(yīng)該進(jìn)行深刻的反思。

中國(guó)曾經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行過高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)，把計(jì)劃看成絕對(duì)的，束縛了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)使我們看到市場(chǎng)也不是萬(wàn)能的。一味放任自由勢(shì)必引起經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的混亂和社會(huì)分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場(chǎng)化改革決不會(huì)把市場(chǎng)機(jī)制與國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控對(duì)立起來，既要發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)這只看不見的手的作用，又要發(fā)揮政府和社會(huì)監(jiān)管這只看得見的手的作用，兩手都要硬，兩手同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)按照市場(chǎng)規(guī)律配制資源，也才能使資源配制合理、協(xié)調(diào)、平衡、可持續(xù)。

國(guó)際金融危機(jī)再次告訴人們不受監(jiān)管的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是多么可怕，從上世紀(jì)90年代以來，一些經(jīng)濟(jì)體受利益驅(qū)動(dòng)，利用數(shù)十倍的金融杠桿進(jìn)行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)把巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)留給世界，這充分說明不受管理的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是注定行不通的，因此必須處理好金融創(chuàng)新與金融監(jiān)管的關(guān)系、虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系、儲(chǔ)蓄與消費(fèi)的關(guān)系。有效應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽(yáng)光還要燦爛，真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論決不會(huì)同最高的倫理道德準(zhǔn)則產(chǎn)生沖突，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說應(yīng)該代表公正和誠(chéng)信，平等的促進(jìn)所有人，包括最弱勢(shì)人群的扶持，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之父的亞當(dāng)斯密，道德缺失是導(dǎo)致這次金融危機(jī)的深層次原因，一些人見利忘義損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線，9(待續(xù))我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)企業(yè)要承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任，企業(yè)家身上要流淌著道德的血液。

尊敬的校長(zhǎng)，老師們、同學(xué)們，今天外邊下著大雪，天氣嚴(yán)寒，但是我的心是熱的，我早已盼望在劍橋同老師同學(xué)們見面，互相交流?，F(xiàn)在正是金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)冬季節(jié)，但是我看到年輕人仿佛看到了春天，看到了光明和未來。因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信知識(shí)的力量，年輕人的勇氣是可以改變?nèi)说拿\(yùn)、國(guó)家的命運(yùn)、整個(gè)世界的命運(yùn)。一篇好的演講應(yīng)該是不加修飾的，用心說話，講真話，這就是演講的實(shí)質(zhì)，我希望我的演講能夠給老師、同學(xué)們思想以啟迪。你們能夠記住其中一兩句話我也就滿足了。

其實(shí)到高等學(xué)府我的心里總是充滿著一種敬畏的心情，這種心情是由于我對(duì)知識(shí)、對(duì)老師、對(duì)學(xué)校的尊重，所以我剛才深深的給校長(zhǎng)、給老師們鞠躬，那不是禮節(jié)，而是一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)待校長(zhǎng)和老師應(yīng)盡的禮貌。劍橋舉世聞名，培養(yǎng)出牛頓、達(dá)爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學(xué)家、思想家，為人類文明進(jìn)步做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，今年是劍橋建校800周年，我謹(jǐn)致以熱烈祝賀。首先我向劍橋大學(xué)贈(zèng)送“中華數(shù)字書院”，其中收入了中國(guó)出版的20萬(wàn)冊(cè)電子圖書，涉及中國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，大家可以從中更多的了解中國(guó)。

這是我第四次訪問英國(guó)，中英相距遙遠(yuǎn)但兩國(guó)人民的友好交往不斷增多，香港問題的圓滿解決、經(jīng)貿(mào)、文教、科技等領(lǐng)域的有效合作，為發(fā)展中英全面戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，為此我向大家表示崇高的敬意，今天我演講的題目是“用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)”。我深深愛著的祖國(guó)古老而又年輕，說他古老，他是一個(gè)有著數(shù)千年文明史的東方大國(guó)，中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧創(chuàng)造了燦爛的古代文明，對(duì)人類發(fā)展作出過重大貢獻(xiàn)；說他年輕，新中國(guó)成立才60年，改革開放才30年，中國(guó)人民經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期不懈的斗爭(zhēng)建立了新中國(guó)，又經(jīng)過艱苦的探索終于找到了適合國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路，中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義、中國(guó)改革開放最重要的是解放思想，最根本，最具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)意義的是體制創(chuàng)新，我們推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，建立了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，在政府的宏觀調(diào)控下充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)對(duì)資源配制的基礎(chǔ)性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發(fā)展民主和完善法制結(jié)合起來，實(shí)行人民當(dāng)家作主，依法治國(guó)，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法制國(guó)家。

改革開放的實(shí)質(zhì)就是堅(jiān)持以人為本，通過解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需求，在公正的條件下促進(jìn)人們的全面發(fā)展，就是保障人民的民主權(quán)利，讓國(guó)家政通人和，興旺發(fā)達(dá)；就是維護(hù)人的尊嚴(yán)和自由，讓每個(gè)人的智慧和力量得以迸發(fā)，成功的追求自己的幸福生活。30年來，中國(guó)貧困人口減少了2億多，人均壽命提高了5歲，8300萬(wàn)殘疾人得到了政府和社會(huì)的特殊關(guān)愛，這是中國(guó)保障人權(quán)的光輝業(yè)績(jī)。9年免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育的推行，農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度的建立，社會(huì)保障體系的完善使學(xué)有所教，病有所醫(yī)，老有所養(yǎng)的理想正在變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，我愿借用兩句唐詩(shī)形容中國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀，“潮平兩岸闊，風(fēng)正一帆弦”，這是一個(gè)古而又新的發(fā)展中大國(guó)進(jìn)行的一場(chǎng)偉大實(shí)踐，掌握了自己命運(yùn)的中國(guó)人民對(duì)未來充滿信心，我深深愛著的祖國(guó)歷經(jīng)磨難而又自強(qiáng)不息。我年輕時(shí)曾長(zhǎng)期工作在中國(guó)的西北地區(qū)，在那浩瀚的沙漠中生長(zhǎng)著一種稀有的樹種叫胡楊，扎根地下50多米，抗干旱，斗風(fēng)沙，耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強(qiáng)，它生而1000年不死，死而1000年不倒，倒而1000年不朽，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅(jiān)韌不拔精神的象征。幾百年來中華民族一次次戰(zhàn)勝了天災(zāi)人禍，渡過了急流險(xiǎn)灘，昂首挺胸的走到今天，深重的災(zāi)難鑄就了他百折不撓的品格，中華民族的歷史證明了一個(gè)真理，一個(gè)民族在災(zāi)難中失去的必將從民主的進(jìn)步中得到補(bǔ)償。

此時(shí)此刻我不禁想起在汶川地震災(zāi)區(qū)的親身經(jīng)歷。今年春節(jié)除夕，我就是在災(zāi)區(qū)渡過的，去年5月四川汶川發(fā)生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學(xué)被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重，在救援的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)我曾經(jīng)指揮過搶救，我緊緊抱住兩個(gè)孩子。前不久一位在西班牙學(xué)繪畫的同學(xué)把這幅場(chǎng)景畫了一幅油畫送給了我，標(biāo)題就叫“依偎”。可是時(shí)隔10天，當(dāng)我第二次來到這里的時(shí)候鄉(xiāng)親們已經(jīng)在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲，當(dāng)時(shí)我在黑板上給同學(xué)們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個(gè)字，地震發(fā)生以來我七次到災(zāi)區(qū)，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉，我為我們中華民族這種越挫越奮的精神感到高興，這是我們生生不息的力量源泉，經(jīng)過半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的艱苦奮斗，中國(guó)有了比較大的發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟(jì)總量躍居世界前列，但我們?nèi)匀皇且粋€(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有很大的差距，人口多、底子薄、發(fā)展不平衡，這種基本國(guó)情還沒有從根本上得到改變，中國(guó)的人均GDP水平排在世界100位之后，僅為英國(guó)的1/18。到過中國(guó)旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現(xiàn)代的，而我們的農(nóng)村還比較落后。到本世紀(jì)中葉，中國(guó)要基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，這面臨三大歷史任務(wù)：既要努力實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲早已完成的工業(yè)化，又要追趕新世紀(jì)革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平，又要實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的公平正義；既要實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，又要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的國(guó)際責(zé)任。

中國(guó)要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平，還有很長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)的路要走，還會(huì)遇到許多艱難險(xiǎn)阻，但是任何困難都阻擋不住中國(guó)人民前進(jìn)的步伐，只要我們堅(jiān)持不懈的努力奮斗，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化的目標(biāo)就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。我深深愛著的祖國(guó)，珍視傳統(tǒng)而又開放兼容，中華傳統(tǒng)文化底蘊(yùn)深厚，博大精深，“和”在中國(guó)古代歷史上被封為最高價(jià)值，是中華文化的精髓，中國(guó)古老的經(jīng)典《尚書》就提出了主張人民和睦相處，國(guó)家友好往來，和為貴的文化傳統(tǒng)哺育了中華民族寬廣博達(dá)的胸懷，我們的民族既能像大地承載萬(wàn)物一樣寬厚包容，又能像蒼天一樣彰顯正義，15世紀(jì)中國(guó)著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個(gè)國(guó)家，他帶去了中國(guó)的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途的國(guó)家剿滅海盜，真正做到了博人愛與友邦。說國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸這不適合中國(guó)，稱霸既有悖于我們的文化傳統(tǒng)，也違背中國(guó)人民的意志，中國(guó)的發(fā)展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國(guó)要做和平的大國(guó)、學(xué)習(xí)的大國(guó)、合作的大國(guó)，致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧的世界。

不同的國(guó)家，不同民族的文化需要相互尊重，相互包容和相互學(xué)習(xí)，今天的中國(guó)有3億人在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

我們的新聞廣播天天都在介紹文化藝術(shù)，正因?yàn)槲覀兩朴谠诮涣髦袑W(xué)習(xí)，在見解中收獲才有今天中國(guó)的繁榮和進(jìn)步。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化已經(jīng)把世界連成一體，文化的發(fā)展將不再是各自封閉的，而是相互影響中多元共存，一個(gè)國(guó)家，一個(gè)民族對(duì)人類文化貢獻(xiàn)的大小越來越取決于他吸收未來文化的能力和自我更新的能力，中國(guó)將永遠(yuǎn)堅(jiān)持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統(tǒng)又博采眾長(zhǎng)，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。

女士們、先生們，我之所以強(qiáng)調(diào)用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)，就是因?yàn)槭澜缭谧?，中?guó)也在變，如今的中國(guó)早已不是100年前封閉落后的舊中國(guó)，也不是30年前貧窮僵化的中國(guó)，經(jīng)過改革開放，中國(guó)的面貌已煥然一新，北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)向世界展示的就是這樣一個(gè)古老、多彩和現(xiàn)代的中國(guó)。我希望朋友們多到中國(guó)走一走，看一看，了解今天的中國(guó)人究竟在想什么、做什么、關(guān)心什么，這樣有助于你們認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)真實(shí)的不斷發(fā)展變化著的中國(guó)，也有助于你們了解中國(guó)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前這場(chǎng)全球性金融危機(jī)的。在這場(chǎng)前所未有的世界金融危機(jī)中，中國(guó)和包括英國(guó)在內(nèi)的歐洲都受到嚴(yán)重的沖擊，現(xiàn)在危機(jī)尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴(yán)重后果還難以預(yù)料，合作應(yīng)對(duì)、共度難關(guān)是我們的首要任務(wù)。我認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)全球性危機(jī)需要增進(jìn)合作，有多大程度的相互信任就可能有多大程度的合作。

中國(guó)政府主張：第一要首先辦好各國(guó)自己的事情，不要把麻煩推給別人；第二要精誠(chéng)合作，不要搞以鄰為禍；第三要標(biāo)本兼治，不能頭疼醫(yī)頭，腳疼醫(yī)腳。我在達(dá)沃斯會(huì)上已經(jīng)重申，應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際貨幣金融體系進(jìn)行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國(guó)際金融新秩序。努力營(yíng)造有利于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的制度環(huán)境，我不想再重復(fù)在達(dá)沃斯講的那些觀點(diǎn)了，這里我想談一談中國(guó)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)的。

金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響日益顯現(xiàn)，從去年第三季度以來出口大幅下滑，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，就業(yè)壓力加大，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著嚴(yán)峻的局面，面對(duì)危機(jī)我們果斷決策，及時(shí)調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的趨向，迅速出臺(tái)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求的十項(xiàng)措施，陸續(xù)制定了一系列政策，形成了系統(tǒng)完整的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的一攬子計(jì)劃，主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：

一是大規(guī)模增加政府支出，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需。中國(guó)政府推出了以財(cái)政支出帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資、總額4萬(wàn)億元的兩年計(jì)劃，規(guī)模相當(dāng)于2007年中國(guó)GDP的16%，主要投向保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及社會(huì)事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保建設(shè)和地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。中國(guó)政府還推出了大規(guī)模的減稅計(jì)劃，一年可減輕企業(yè)和居民負(fù)擔(dān)約5千億元，我們還大幅降息和增加銀行的流動(dòng)性，出臺(tái)了一系列措施。

二是大范圍實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興計(jì)劃。我們?nèi)嫱七M(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，制定了汽車鋼鐵等10個(gè)重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃，我們采取經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)的措施，大力推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排，推進(jìn)企業(yè)兼并重組，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和資源配置的效率，我們鼓勵(lì)和支持企業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、新工藝、新設(shè)備、新材料、開發(fā)時(shí)效對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品。

三是大力推進(jìn)科技進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新?？萍际强朔鹑谖C(jī)的根本力量，每一場(chǎng)大的危機(jī)常常伴隨一場(chǎng)新的科技革命，每一次經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇都離不開技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。我們加快實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發(fā)利用、高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床等16個(gè)重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在更高水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科技支撐，推動(dòng)發(fā)展高科技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)群，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。我們就是要依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)的重大突破創(chuàng)造新的社會(huì)需求，催生新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。

四是大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，提高失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金和工傷保險(xiǎn)金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高城鄉(xiāng)低保，農(nóng)村五保等保障水平，積極推進(jìn)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制改革，力爭(zhēng)用3年時(shí)間基本建成覆蓋全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，初步實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。我們堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，正在制訂中長(zhǎng)期教育規(guī)劃發(fā)展綱要，我們實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，重點(diǎn)解決高校畢業(yè)生和農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)問題，開辟就業(yè)崗位，緩解就業(yè)壓力，我們采取的這些措施把擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求、調(diào)整振興產(chǎn)業(yè)、加強(qiáng)科技支撐、強(qiáng)化社會(huì)保障結(jié)合起來。把拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和改善民生、增加就業(yè)結(jié)合起來，把克服當(dāng)前困難和促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展結(jié)合起來，這樣做有利于中國(guó)的發(fā)展。也將給包括英國(guó)在內(nèi)的各國(guó)企業(yè)帶來巨大商機(jī)，這場(chǎng)百年一遇的金融危機(jī)留給世人的思考是沉重的，它警示人們對(duì)現(xiàn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制應(yīng)該進(jìn)行深刻的反思。

中國(guó)曾經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行過高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)，把計(jì)劃看成絕對(duì)的，束縛了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)使我們看到市場(chǎng)也不是萬(wàn)能的。一味放任自由勢(shì)必引起經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的混亂和社會(huì)分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場(chǎng)化改革決不會(huì)把市場(chǎng)機(jī)制與國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控對(duì)立起來，既要發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)這只看不見的手的作用，又要發(fā)揮政府和社會(huì)監(jiān)管這只看得見的手的作用，兩手都要硬，兩手同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)按照市場(chǎng)規(guī)律配制資源，也才能使資源配制合理、協(xié)調(diào)、平衡、可持續(xù)。

國(guó)際金融危機(jī)再次告訴人們不受監(jiān)管的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是多么可怕，從上世紀(jì)90年代以來，一些經(jīng)濟(jì)體受利益驅(qū)動(dòng)，利用數(shù)十倍的金融杠桿進(jìn)行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)把巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)留給世界，這充分說明不受管理的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是注定行不通的，因此必須處理好金融創(chuàng)新與金融監(jiān)管的關(guān)系、虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系、儲(chǔ)蓄與消費(fèi)的關(guān)系。有效應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽(yáng)光還要燦爛，真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論決不會(huì)同最高的倫理道德準(zhǔn)則產(chǎn)生沖突，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說應(yīng)該代表公正和誠(chéng)信，平等的促進(jìn)所有人，包括最弱勢(shì)人群的扶持，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之父的亞當(dāng)斯密，道德缺失是導(dǎo)致這次金融危機(jī)的深層次原因，一些人見利忘義損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線，我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)企業(yè)要承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任，企業(yè)家身上要流淌著道德的血液。

女士們、先生們，英國(guó)是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站，這次訪問加深了我對(duì)歐洲的了解，中歐合作已經(jīng)站在一個(gè)新的歷史起點(diǎn)上。我對(duì)中歐發(fā)展全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系更加充滿信心，我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本厲害沖突，中歐合作基礎(chǔ)堅(jiān)實(shí)，前景光明，英國(guó)是最早進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代化的國(guó)家，你們?cè)诎l(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、保護(hù)環(huán)境方面有著許多成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們?cè)敢庀蚰銈儗W(xué)習(xí)，加強(qiáng)交流與合作。

未來屬于青年一代，中英關(guān)系美好的前景要靠青年去開拓，撫今追昔，我和校長(zhǎng)一樣想起了對(duì)中英文化交流作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。

人類的幸福是歷史的潮流，是任何力量阻擋不了的，請(qǐng)讓我講下去。李約瑟博士在他的宏篇巨作架起了橋梁，希望更多的劍橋人關(guān)注中國(guó)，用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)，使中英交流的友好實(shí)質(zhì)，在劍橋代代相傳，我相信只要中英兩國(guó)的青年相互學(xué)習(xí)，攜手共進(jìn)，一定會(huì)譜寫出中英關(guān)系嶄新篇章，謝謝大家！

第三篇：溫家寶劍橋發(fā)表演講

新華網(wǎng)英國(guó)劍橋２月２日電 國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶２日在英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)具有５００年歷史的“瑞德講壇”發(fā)表了題為《用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)》的演講。全文如下：

用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)━━在劍橋大學(xué)的演講

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理 溫家寶

尊敬的校長(zhǎng)，老師們，同學(xué)們：

今天外邊下著大雪，天氣嚴(yán)寒，但是我的心是熱的。我早已盼望在劍橋同老師、同學(xué)們見面，互相交流?，F(xiàn)在正是金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)冬季節(jié)，但是我看到年輕人，仿佛看到了春天，看到了光明和未來。因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信，知識(shí)的力量，年輕人的勇氣，是可以改變?nèi)说拿\(yùn)、國(guó)家的命運(yùn)、整個(gè)世界的命運(yùn)。一篇好的演講應(yīng)該是不加修飾的。用心說話，講真話，這就是演講的實(shí)質(zhì)。我希望我的演講能夠給老師、同學(xué)們思想以啟迪。你們能夠記住其中一兩句話，那我也就滿足了。

到高等學(xué)府，我的心里總是充滿敬意。這種心情是由于我對(duì)知識(shí)、對(duì)老師、對(duì)學(xué)校的尊敬。所以，我方才深深地給校長(zhǎng)、給老師們鞠個(gè)躬，那不是禮節(jié)，而是一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)待校長(zhǎng)和老師應(yīng)盡的禮貌。

來到向往已久的劍橋大學(xué)，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養(yǎng)出牛頓、達(dá)爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學(xué)家、思想家，為人類文明進(jìn)步作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。今年是劍橋建校８００周年，我謹(jǐn)致以熱烈祝賀！首先，我向劍橋大學(xué)贈(zèng)送“中華數(shù)字書苑”，其中收錄了中國(guó)出版的２０萬(wàn)種電子圖書，涉及中國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，大家可以從中更多地了解中國(guó)。這是我第四次訪問英國(guó)。中英相距遙遠(yuǎn)，但兩國(guó)人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經(jīng)貿(mào)、文教、科技等領(lǐng)域的有效合作，為發(fā)展中英全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。在此，我向長(zhǎng)期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！

今天，我演講的題目是：

用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)。

我深深愛著的祖國(guó)——古老而又年輕。

說她古老，她是一個(gè)有著數(shù)千年文明史的東方大國(guó)。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創(chuàng)造了燦爛的古代文明，對(duì)人類發(fā)展作出過重大貢獻(xiàn)。

說她年輕，新中國(guó)成立才６０年，改革開放才３０年。中國(guó)人民經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期不懈的斗爭(zhēng)建立了新中國(guó)，又經(jīng)過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路——中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，文明古國(guó)煥發(fā)了青春活力。

中國(guó)改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)意義的是體制創(chuàng)新。我們推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，建立了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。在政府的宏觀調(diào)控下，充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)對(duì)資源配置的基礎(chǔ)性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發(fā)展民主和完善法制結(jié)合起來，實(shí)行人民當(dāng)家作主，依法治國(guó)，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家。

改革開放的實(shí)質(zhì)，就是堅(jiān)持以人為本，通過解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需求，在公正的條件下促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展；就是保障人民的民主權(quán)利，讓國(guó)家政通人和、興旺發(fā)達(dá)；就是維護(hù)人的尊嚴(yán)和自由，讓每個(gè)人的智慧和力量得以迸發(fā)，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

３０年來，中國(guó)貧困人口減少了２億多，人均壽命提高了５歲，８３００萬(wàn)殘疾人得到政府和社會(huì)的特殊關(guān)愛，這是中國(guó)保障人權(quán)的光輝業(yè)績(jī)。九年免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育的推行，農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度的建立，社會(huì)保障體系的完善，使學(xué)有所教、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)的理想，正在變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。我愿借用兩句唐詩(shī)形容中國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風(fēng)正一帆懸。”中國(guó)人正在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，這是一個(gè)古而又新的發(fā)展中大國(guó)進(jìn)行的一場(chǎng)偉大實(shí)踐。掌握了自己命運(yùn)的中國(guó)人民，對(duì)未來充滿信心！

我深深愛著的祖國(guó)——?dú)v經(jīng)磨難而又自強(qiáng)不息。

我年輕時(shí)曾長(zhǎng)期工作在中國(guó)的西北地區(qū)。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長(zhǎng)著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗風(fēng)沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強(qiáng)。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅(jiān)韌不拔精神的象征。

千百年來，中華民族一次次戰(zhàn)勝了天災(zāi)人禍，渡過了急流險(xiǎn)灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災(zāi)難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強(qiáng)不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個(gè)真理：一個(gè)民族在災(zāi)難中失去的，必將從民族的進(jìn)步中得到補(bǔ)償。

此時(shí)此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災(zāi)區(qū)的親身經(jīng)歷。去年５月，四川汶川發(fā)生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學(xué)被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重?？墒?，時(shí)隔１０天，當(dāng)我第二次來到這里時(shí)，鄉(xiāng)親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當(dāng)時(shí)我在黑板上，給同學(xué)們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個(gè)字。地震發(fā)生以來，我７次到汶川災(zāi)區(qū)，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動(dòng)。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經(jīng)憂患而愈益堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、生生不息的力量源泉。

經(jīng)過半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的艱苦奮斗，中國(guó)有了比較大的發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量躍居世界前列，但我們?nèi)匀皇且粋€(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發(fā)展不平衡，這種基本國(guó)情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國(guó)的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，僅為英國(guó)的十八分之一。到過中國(guó)旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現(xiàn)代的，而我們的農(nóng)村還比較落后。到本世紀(jì)中葉，中國(guó)要基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，面臨三大歷史任務(wù)：既要努力實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲早已完成的工業(yè)化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平，又要實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平正義；既要實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，又要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的國(guó)際責(zé)任。中國(guó)要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平，還有很長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)的路要走，還會(huì)遇到許多艱難險(xiǎn)阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國(guó)人民前進(jìn)的步伐，只要我們堅(jiān)持不懈地努力奮斗，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化的目標(biāo)就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。

我深深愛著的祖國(guó)——珍視傳統(tǒng)而又開放兼容。

中華傳統(tǒng)文化底蘊(yùn)深厚、博大精深?！昂汀痹谥袊?guó)古代歷史上被奉為最高價(jià)值，是中華文化的精髓。中國(guó)古老的經(jīng)典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協(xié)和萬(wàn)邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國(guó)家友好往來。

“和為貴”的文化傳統(tǒng)，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬(wàn)物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運(yùn)行一樣，彰顯正義。

１５世紀(jì)，中國(guó)著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個(gè)國(guó)家。他帶去了中國(guó)的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國(guó)家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。

國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸，不適合中國(guó)。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統(tǒng)，也違背中國(guó)人民意志。中國(guó)的發(fā)展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國(guó)要做和平的大國(guó)、學(xué)習(xí)的大國(guó)、合作的大國(guó)，致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧的世界。

不同國(guó)家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學(xué)習(xí)。今天的中國(guó)，有３億人在學(xué)英語(yǔ)，有１００多萬(wàn)青年人在國(guó)外留學(xué)。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術(shù)。正因?yàn)槲覀兩朴谠诮涣髦袑W(xué)習(xí)，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國(guó)的繁榮和進(jìn)步。進(jìn)入２１世紀(jì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，已經(jīng)把世界連成一體，文化的發(fā)展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族對(duì)人類文化貢獻(xiàn)的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國(guó)將永遠(yuǎn)堅(jiān)持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統(tǒng)，又博采眾長(zhǎng)，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。

老師們，同學(xué)們：

我之所以強(qiáng)調(diào)用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)，就是因?yàn)槭澜缭谧?，中?guó)也在變。如今的中國(guó)，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國(guó)，也不是３０年前貧窮僵化的中國(guó)。經(jīng)過改革開放，中國(guó)的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)向世界展示的，就是這樣一個(gè)古老、多彩和現(xiàn)代的中國(guó)。我希望朋友們，多到中國(guó)走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國(guó)人究竟在想什么、做什么、關(guān)心什么。這樣，有助于你們認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)真實(shí)的、不斷發(fā)展變化著的中國(guó)，也有助于你們了解中國(guó)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前這場(chǎng)全球性金融危機(jī)的。

在這場(chǎng)前所未有的世界金融危機(jī)中，中國(guó)和包括英國(guó)在內(nèi)的歐洲都受到嚴(yán)重沖擊?，F(xiàn)在危機(jī)尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴(yán)重后果還難以預(yù)料。合作應(yīng)對(duì)、共渡難關(guān)，是我們的首要任務(wù)。

我認(rèn)為，應(yīng)對(duì)全球性危機(jī)，需要增進(jìn)合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國(guó)政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國(guó)自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠(chéng)合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標(biāo)本兼治，不能頭疼醫(yī)頭、腳疼醫(yī)腳。我在達(dá)沃斯會(huì)議上已重申，應(yīng)該對(duì)國(guó)際貨幣金融體系進(jìn)行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國(guó)際金融新秩序，努力營(yíng)造有利于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的制度環(huán)境。

這里我想談一談中國(guó)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)的。

金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響日益顯現(xiàn)。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，就業(yè)壓力加大。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著嚴(yán)峻的局面。面對(duì)危機(jī)，我們果斷決策，及時(shí)調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策取向，迅速出臺(tái)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求的十項(xiàng)措施，陸續(xù)制定了一系列政策，形成了系統(tǒng)完整的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的一攬子計(jì)劃。主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：

一是大規(guī)模增加政府支出擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需。中國(guó)政府推出了以財(cái)政支出帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資，總額達(dá)４萬(wàn)億元的兩年計(jì)劃，規(guī)模相當(dāng)于２００７年中國(guó)ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、社會(huì)事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保建設(shè)和地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。中國(guó)政府還推出了大規(guī)模的減稅計(jì)劃，一年可減輕企業(yè)和居民負(fù)擔(dān)約５０００億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動(dòng)性，出臺(tái)了一系列金融措施。

二是大范圍實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興計(jì)劃。我們?nèi)嫱七M(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個(gè)重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃。我們采取經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)的措施，大力推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排，推進(jìn)企業(yè)兼并重組，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵(lì)和支持企業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、新工藝、新設(shè)備、新材料，開發(fā)適銷對(duì)路產(chǎn)品。

三是大力推進(jìn)科技進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新?？萍际强朔鹑谖C(jī)的根本力量。每一場(chǎng)大的危機(jī)常常伴隨一場(chǎng)新的科技革命；每一次經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇，都離不開技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。我們加快實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發(fā)利用、高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床等１６個(gè)重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在更高水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科技支撐。推動(dòng)發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)群，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。我們就是要依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)的重大突破，創(chuàng)造新的社會(huì)需求，催生新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。

四是大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，提高失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金和工傷保險(xiǎn)金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高城鄉(xiāng)低保、農(nóng)村五保等保障水平。積極推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，力爭(zhēng)用三年時(shí)間基本建成覆蓋全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，初步實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。我們堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，正在制定《國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》。我們實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，重點(diǎn)解決高校畢業(yè)生和農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問題。開辟就業(yè)崗位，緩解就業(yè)壓力。我們采取這些措施，把擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求、調(diào)整振興產(chǎn)業(yè)、加強(qiáng)科技支撐、強(qiáng)化社會(huì)保障結(jié)合起來，把拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和改善民生、增加就業(yè)結(jié)合起來，把克服當(dāng)前困難和促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展結(jié)合起來。這樣做，有利于中國(guó)的發(fā)展，也將給包括英國(guó)在內(nèi)的世界各國(guó)企業(yè)帶來巨大的商機(jī)。

這場(chǎng)百年一遇的金融危機(jī)，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對(duì)現(xiàn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行深刻的反思。

中國(guó)曾長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)，把計(jì)劃看成是絕對(duì)的，束縛了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展。這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)使我們看到，市場(chǎng)也不是萬(wàn)能的，一味放任自由，勢(shì)必引起經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的混亂和社會(huì)分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場(chǎng)化改革，決不會(huì)把市場(chǎng)機(jī)制與國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控對(duì)立起來。既要發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)這只看不見的手的作用，又要發(fā)揮政府和社會(huì)監(jiān)管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)按照市場(chǎng)規(guī)律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協(xié)調(diào)、公平、可持續(xù)。

國(guó)際金融危機(jī)再次告訴人們，不受監(jiān)管的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是多么可怕。從上世紀(jì)９０年代以來，一些經(jīng)濟(jì)體疏于監(jiān)管，一些金融機(jī)構(gòu)受利益驅(qū)動(dòng)，利用數(shù)十倍的金融杠桿進(jìn)行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)，把巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)留給整個(gè)世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創(chuàng)新與金融監(jiān)管的關(guān)系、虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系、儲(chǔ)蓄與消費(fèi)的關(guān)系。

有效應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽(yáng)光還要燦爛。真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論，決不會(huì)同最高的倫理道德準(zhǔn)則產(chǎn)生沖突。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說應(yīng)該代表公正和誠(chéng)信，平等地促進(jìn)所有人，包括最弱勢(shì)人群的福祉。被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之父的亞當(dāng)·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個(gè)社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樗⒍ㄒ{社會(huì)穩(wěn)定?！钡赖氯笔菍?dǎo)致這次金融危機(jī)的一個(gè)深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)：企業(yè)要承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任，企業(yè)家身上要流淌著道德的血液。老師們，同學(xué)們：

英國(guó)是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對(duì)歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經(jīng)站在一個(gè)新的歷史起點(diǎn)上。我對(duì)中歐發(fā)展全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎(chǔ)堅(jiān)實(shí)，前景光明。英國(guó)是最早進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代化的國(guó)家，你們?cè)诎l(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、保護(hù)環(huán)境等方面，都有許多成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我們?cè)敢庀蚰銈儗W(xué)習(xí)，加強(qiáng)交流與合作。

未來屬于青年一代。中英關(guān)系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對(duì)中英文化交流作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統(tǒng)、勇于創(chuàng)新，是劍橋大學(xué)的優(yōu)秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關(guān)注中國(guó)，用發(fā)展的眼光看中國(guó)，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國(guó)青年相互學(xué)習(xí)，攜手共進(jìn)，一定會(huì)譜寫出中英關(guān)系的嶄新篇章。

謝謝大家！

第四篇：江澤民哈佛大學(xué)演講-文化外交

江澤民在哈佛大學(xué)講話(中英對(duì)照)

Jiang's speech at Harvard University

江澤民在哈佛大學(xué)講話

我感謝陸登庭校長(zhǎng)的邀請(qǐng)，使我有機(jī)會(huì)在這美好的金秋時(shí)節(jié)，來到你們這座美國(guó)古老而又現(xiàn)代化的學(xué)府。I wish to thank Dr.Neil L.Rudenstine, President of Harvard University, for inviting me to this ancient yet modernized institution of the United States in this golden fall.哈佛建校360年來，培養(yǎng)出許多杰出的政治家、科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家和企業(yè)家，曾出過6位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，30多位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者。Since its founding some 360 years ago, Harvard has nurtured a great number of outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers and businessmen, including six of the American Presidents and over thirty Nobel Prize winners.先有哈佛，后有美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)，這說明了哈佛在美國(guó)歷史上的地位。

The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.哈佛是最早接受中國(guó)留學(xué)生的美國(guó)大學(xué)之一。

Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.中國(guó)教育界、科學(xué)界、文化界一直同哈佛大學(xué)保持著學(xué)術(shù)交流。The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.哈佛為增進(jìn)中美兩國(guó)人民的相互了解作出了有益的貢獻(xiàn)。Harvard has thus made useful contribution to the enhanced mutual understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.相互了解，是發(fā)展國(guó)與國(guó)之間關(guān)系的前提。Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations.惟有相互了解，才能增進(jìn)信任，加強(qiáng)合作。Without it, it would be impossible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with each other.中美建交以來，我們兩國(guó)人民之間的相互交流與了解在逐漸擴(kuò)大和加深，但還不夠。Since the establishment of diplomatic ties邦交 between China and the United States, the exchanges and mutual understanding between our two peoples have broadened and deepened steadily.However, this is not enough.為了推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展，中國(guó)需要進(jìn)一步了解美國(guó)，美國(guó)也需要進(jìn)一步了解中國(guó)。To promote the development of China-U.S.relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.要了解中國(guó)，可以有很多視角。To know China better, one may approach it from different angles.現(xiàn)實(shí)中國(guó)是歷史中國(guó)的發(fā)展。China today has been evolved from its past.中國(guó)是一個(gè)有5000年文明歷史的國(guó)家，China is a country with 5,000 years of civilization.從歷史文化來了解和認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)，是一個(gè)重要的視角。It is important to approach China from a historical and cultural perspective.記得我在高中讀書時(shí)，老師給我們講微積分，第一課就是講《莊子》中的“一尺之棰，日取其半，萬(wàn)世不竭”，很形象地使我建立起極限的概念。I recall my first lesson on calculus微積分學(xué) in senior high school.My teacher quoted a line from Zhuang Zi, a Chinese philosopher over 2,000 years ago, which reads “Cut away half of a rod and keep on halving what is left, and there will be no end to that process.” This gave me a vivid concept of limit.這表明中國(guó)古人就已認(rèn)識(shí)到事物的發(fā)展變化是無限的，也說明我們的先人對(duì)自然界的認(rèn)識(shí)已達(dá)到相當(dāng)?shù)乃健t shows that the ancient Chinese realized the endless process of changes of matters and had a fairly good understanding of the nature.早在公元前2500，中國(guó)人就開始了仰觀天文、俯察地理的活動(dòng)，逐漸形成了“天人合一”的宇宙觀。As early as in 2,500 B.C.Chinese began astronomical observation and geographical survey, and gradually formed a world outlook of an “integration of the universe and humanity.”

中國(guó)歷史上產(chǎn)生了許多杰出的哲學(xué)家、思想家、政治家、軍事家、科學(xué)家和文學(xué)藝術(shù)家，留下了浩如煙海的文化典籍。China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature.春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”局面和老子、孔子等諸子百家的學(xué)說，在世界思想史上占有重要地位。The scene of “contention of a hundred schools of thought” brought forth in the Spring and Autumn Period 2,500 years ago and the Warring States Period over 2,200 years ago and the emergence of various schools of thought and their exponents示范者倡導(dǎo)者 such as Lao Zi and Confucius about 2,400 years ago all occupy a very important position in the world history of philosophy.古代中國(guó)在天文歷法、地學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和人文科學(xué)的許多領(lǐng)域，都作出過獨(dú)特的貢獻(xiàn)。Ancient China made unique contributions to many areas of science including astronomy, calendric歷法的 system, geography, mathematics, agriculture, medicine and the humanities.殷商時(shí)期的甲骨文中就有日月之食的記載。Records of solar and lunar eclipses are found in the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty over 3,000 years ago.從秦代到清末的2100多年間，哈雷彗星出現(xiàn)27次，中國(guó)都有記錄。In the 2,100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty(221 BC-1911), the 27 appearances of Halley Comet were all recorded in China.漢代張衡發(fā)明了測(cè)定地震方位的地動(dòng)儀和演示日月星辰的渾天儀。Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty over 1,800 years ago invented a seismograph地震儀 to determine the location of earthquakes and the celestial globe that showed the movement of the sun, moon and other stars.先秦的數(shù)學(xué)家提出了勾股定理。Mathematicians in the pre-Qin days over 2,200 years ago put forward the proposition known as the Pythagorean theorem in the West today.南北朝的祖沖之算出圓周率為3．1415926。In the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the 4th century A.D., China's mathematician Zu Chongzhi calculated the ratio of the circumference of a circle圓周率 to its diameter to be 3.1415926.中國(guó)的絲織、制瓷、冶金、造船技術(shù)很早就達(dá)到世界的先進(jìn)水平。China's silk weaving, porcelain making, metallurgy冶金術(shù) and shipbuilding reached the world's advanced level in ancient times.明代朱載首創(chuàng)十二平均律，后來被認(rèn)定為世界通行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音調(diào)。In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zaiyu initiated the twelve-tone temperament十二平均律 which later became the universal standard tones.中國(guó)的醫(yī)藥學(xué)在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。The Chinese medicine is a unique school of its own.特別是中國(guó)的造紙、火藥、印刷術(shù)、指南針4大發(fā)明，曾經(jīng)改變了世界的面貌。Particularly, China's four great inventions of paper making, gunpowder, printing and compass had once changed the face of the world.直到15世紀(jì)以前，中國(guó)的科學(xué)技術(shù)在世界上保持了千年的領(lǐng)先地位。China had been a world leader in science and technology for one thousand years until the 15th century.中國(guó)人的這些發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，體現(xiàn)了人與自然協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、科學(xué)精神與道德理想相結(jié)合的理性光輝。These inventions and creations of China have brought forward the rationalistic brilliance of coordination between humanity and the nature and the integration of scientific spirit with moral ideals.中國(guó)的歷史文化始終處于發(fā)展進(jìn)步之中。China's culture in history has never stopped developing.它是通過各種學(xué)科、各種學(xué)派的相互砥礪、相互滲透而發(fā)展的，也是通過同世界各國(guó)的相互交流、相互學(xué)習(xí)而進(jìn)步的。It has enriched itself through the contention and infiltration滲透 of various disciplines and schools of thought, and also through the mutual exchanges and learning between China and other countries in the world.中國(guó)人早就懂得兼取眾長(zhǎng)、以為己善的道理。Since old times, the Chinese people came to know full well the importance of “drawing widely upon others' strong points to improve oneself.”

漢、唐時(shí)期，既是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的盛世，也是中外交流的盛世。The Han and Tang Dynasty were both an age of economic prosperity and also one of flourishing international exchanges.張騫出使西域，開拓舉世聞名的“絲綢之路”。Imperial envoy使節(jié) Zhang Qian's trip to the “West” in the Han Dynasty(206 BC-220 AD)over 2,000 years ago opened up the world-famous Silk Road;

Eminent Monk Xuan Zang of the Tang Dynasty(618-907)brought back ancient culture after braving long journey to South Asian countries.明代鄭和“七下西洋”，把中華文化傳向遠(yuǎn)方的國(guó)度。In the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644), Chinese navigator Cheng Ho led a fleet to what that then people called the “West Sea” seven times in the 15th century, spreading the Chinese culture to distant land.但是后來特別是清代晚期，封建統(tǒng)治者實(shí)行閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)政策，阻礙了中國(guó)的進(jìn)步和中外交流。Only later on, especially in late Qing Dynasty, the feudal rulers adopted a policy of seclusion閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)政策, which hampered阻礙 China's progress and its exchanges with the outside world.鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來，一代又一代先進(jìn)的中國(guó)人，為了振興中華，努力向西方國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的科學(xué)思想和文明成果，并同中國(guó)的實(shí)際相結(jié)合，推動(dòng)了中國(guó)社會(huì)的變革與發(fā)展。After the Opium War(1840-1842), generation after generation of enlightened Chinese people have, for national rejuvenation恢復(fù)活力, spared no efforts in learning from Western countries advanced science and cultural achievements in combination with China's realities and pushing for China's social reforms and development.今天，正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化而奮斗的中國(guó)人民，把對(duì)外開放作為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，同世界各國(guó)進(jìn)行廣泛的交流與合作，開創(chuàng)了中國(guó)歷史上嶄新的開放局面。Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization have made the opening-up a basic state policy and conducted extensive exchanges and cooperation with the rest of the world, thus creating a brand-new situation in its opening-up endeavor in the Chinese history.陽(yáng)光包含7種色彩，世界也是異彩紛呈。Sunlight is composed of seven colors, so is our world full of colors and splendor.每個(gè)國(guó)家、每個(gè)民族都有自己的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)，都有自己的長(zhǎng)處和優(yōu)勢(shì)，Every country and every nation has its own historical and cultural traditions, strong points and advantages.應(yīng)該相互尊重，相互學(xué)習(xí)，取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，共同進(jìn)步。We should respect and learn from each other and draw upon other's strong points to offset one's own deficiencies for achieving common progress.中國(guó)在自己發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)河中，形成了優(yōu)良的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。這些傳統(tǒng)，隨著時(shí)代變遷和社會(huì)進(jìn)步獲得揚(yáng)棄和發(fā)展。In the prolonged course of development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or discarded with the changes of the times and social progress.對(duì)今天中國(guó)人的價(jià)值觀念、生活方式和中國(guó)的發(fā)展道路，具有深刻的影響。These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China's road of development today.這里，我想就以下一些方面談些看法，希望有助于諸位對(duì)中國(guó)的了解。Here, I would like to make the following observations which I hope will help you to know China better.一是團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一的傳統(tǒng)。First, the tradition of solidarity and unity.中華民族是由56個(gè)民族組成的大家庭。The Chinese nation is a big family composed of 56 nationalities.從遙遠(yuǎn)的古代起，我國(guó)各族人民就建立了緊密的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化聯(lián)系，共同開發(fā)了祖國(guó)的河山。Since the time immemorial, people of all nationalities have established closely-knitted political, economic and cultural links and joined hands in developing the vast land of our country.中國(guó)2000多年前就形成了幅員廣闊的統(tǒng)一國(guó)家。China became a vast unified country more than 2,000 years ago.悠久的中華文化，成為維系民族團(tuán)結(jié)和國(guó)家統(tǒng)一的牢固紐帶。The deep-rooted Chinese culture become a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity.團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一，深深印在中國(guó)人的民族意識(shí)中。Solidarity and unity have been inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national identity.中國(guó)歷史上雖曾出現(xiàn)過暫時(shí)的分裂現(xiàn)象，但民族團(tuán)結(jié)和國(guó)家統(tǒng)一始終是中華民族歷史的主流，是中國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)步的重要保障。Despite occasional division in the Chinese history, ethnic harmony and national unity have remained the main stream in the history of the Chinese nation, and an important guarantee for China's development and progress.新中國(guó)的成立，標(biāo)志著中華民族實(shí)現(xiàn)了空前的大團(tuán)結(jié)。The founding of the People's Republic of China marked an unprecedented great unity of the Chinese nation.各民族之間建立了平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、互助的新型關(guān)系。A new type of relationship of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance between different nationalities has been established.各民族人民依法享有各項(xiàng)權(quán)利和自由。People of all nationalities enjoy full rights and freedoms provided for by the law.在少數(shù)民族聚居的地方實(shí)行了區(qū)域自治。In places where there is a high concentration of minority nationality people, regional autonomy is in practice.民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)獲得不斷的發(fā)展。These regions have witnessed continued economic and social development.所有這些，為鞏固國(guó)家統(tǒng)一奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的政治基礎(chǔ)。All these have laid a solid political foundation for consolidated national unity.二是獨(dú)立自主的傳統(tǒng)。Second, the tradition of maintaining independence.我們的先人歷來把獨(dú)立自主視為立國(guó)之本。Our ancestors always regarded the spirit of maintaining independence as the foundation of a nation.中國(guó)作為人類文明發(fā)祥地之一，在幾千年的歷史進(jìn)程中，文化傳統(tǒng)始終沒有中斷。As one of the cradles of human civilization, China has all along maintained its cultural tradition without letup in the history of several thousand years.近代中國(guó)雖屢遭列強(qiáng)欺凌，國(guó)勢(shì)衰敗，但經(jīng)過全民族的百年抗?fàn)?，又以巨人的姿態(tài)重新站立起來。

In modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by imperialist powers once weakened China.However, after a hundred years' struggle of the entire Chinese nation, China has stood up again as a giant.這充分說明，中國(guó)人獨(dú)立自主的民族精神具有堅(jiān)不可摧的力量。This fully testifies to the indestructible strength of this independent national spirit of the Chinese people.今天，我們?cè)谔剿髯约旱陌l(fā)展道路時(shí)，堅(jiān)持從中國(guó)國(guó)情出發(fā)，來解決如何進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)政治文化建設(shè)的問題，而不照搬別國(guó)的模式。Today, in finding a road to development suited to us, we will proceed from our own national conditions to address the issue of how to conduct economic construction and political and cultural advancement without blindly copying other countries' models.在處理國(guó)際事務(wù)中，我們采取獨(dú)立自主的立場(chǎng)和政策。In handling international affairs, we decide our positions and policies from an independent approach.中國(guó)人民珍惜同各國(guó)人民的友誼與合作，也珍惜自己經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期奮斗而得來的獨(dú)立自主權(quán)利。The Chinese people cherish its friendship and cooperation with other peoples, as well as their right to independence they have won through protracted struggles.三是愛好和平的傳統(tǒng)。Third, the peace-loving tradition.我國(guó)先秦思想家就提出了“親仁善鄰，國(guó)之寶也”的思想，反映了自古以來中國(guó)人民就希望天下太平、同各國(guó)人民友好相處。Chinese thinkers of the pre-Qin days(over 2,000 years ago)advanced the doctrine “l(fā)oving people and treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country.” This is a reflection of the aspiration of the Chinese people for a peaceful world where people of all countries live in harmony.今天，專心致志進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的中國(guó)人民，更需要有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的和平國(guó)際環(huán)境和良好的周邊環(huán)境。Today, the Chinese people who are committed to modernization need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring environment.中國(guó)實(shí)行的是和平外交政策。China's foreign policy is peace-oriented.我們堅(jiān)持在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，特別是在相互尊重、平等互利、互不干涉內(nèi)政的原則基礎(chǔ)上，同世界各國(guó)建立和發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。We will establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with all countries in the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, especially the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.我們絕不會(huì)把自己曾經(jīng)遭受欺凌的苦難加之于人。We will never impose upon others the kind of sufferings we once experienced將來中國(guó)富強(qiáng)起來了，也永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸。China will never seek hegemony even if it is developed in the future.中國(guó)始終是維護(hù)世界和平與地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量。China is always a staunch force for world peace and regional stability.四是自強(qiáng)不息的傳統(tǒng)。Fourth, the tradition of constantly striving for self-perfection.我們的先哲通過觀察宇宙萬(wàn)物的變動(dòng)不居，提出了“天行健，君子以自強(qiáng)不息”的思想，成為激勵(lì)中國(guó)人民變革創(chuàng)新、努力奮斗的精神力量。Through observing the changing nature of the universe and all earthly matters, ancient Chinese philosophers proposed the following doctrine: “As Heaven maintains vigor through movement, a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection.” This idea has become an important moral strength, spurring the Chinese people to work hard for reform and renovation.中國(guó)古代文明的發(fā)展，是中華民族艱苦奮斗、自強(qiáng)不息的結(jié)果。The fruits of China's ancient civilization were brought about by the tireless efforts and hard work of the Chinese nation.百年來，為了擺脫半殖民地半封建的歷史境遇，中國(guó)人民進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕、奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)的斗爭(zhēng)。In the past one hundred years or so, the Chinese people have waged arduous struggles to get rid of the sufferings under semi-colonial and semi-feudal rule.中國(guó)民主革命的先行者孫中山首先提出“振興中華”的口號(hào)，Dr.Sun Yat-sen, China's forerunner of the democratic revolution, was the first to put forward the slogan of “rejuvenation of China.”

他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的辛亥革命，推翻了在中國(guó)延續(xù)幾千年的君主專制制度。He led the Revolution of 1911 to remove the millennia old autocratic monarchy in China.在毛澤東思想指引下，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)人民實(shí)現(xiàn)了民族獨(dú)立和人民解放，并把中國(guó)建設(shè)成為初步繁榮昌盛的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。Under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese Communist Party led the Chinese people in achieving China's national independence and people's liberation and in building China into a socialist country with initial prosperity.今天，在鄧小平理論指引下，我國(guó)人民堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)行改革開放，在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中取得舉世矚目的成就。Today, guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Chinese people are firmly pressing ahead with reform and opening-up and have made remarkable achievements in the modernization drive.中國(guó)進(jìn)入了百年來發(fā)展最快最好的歷史時(shí)期。China has entered a period with the fastest and healthiest development in this century.改革開放，是中華民族自強(qiáng)不息和變革創(chuàng)新精神在當(dāng)代的集中體現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造性發(fā)展。The reform and opening-up endeavor is an embodiment and a creative development of the Chinese spirit of constantly striving for self-perfection and renovation in modern times.我們把改革開放叫作社會(huì)主義改革開放，因?yàn)樗侵袊?guó)社會(huì)主義制度的自我完善和發(fā)展。We refer to our reform and opening-up as socialist reform and opening-up because they constitute the process of self-improvement and development of the socialist system in China.近20年的實(shí)踐已充分證明，我們進(jìn)行改革開放的方向是正確的，信念是堅(jiān)定的，步驟是穩(wěn)妥的，方式是漸進(jìn)的，取得的成就是巨大的。The practice in recent twenty years has eloquently proved that we are right in direction, firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform and opening up and have achieved tremendous successes.雖然在前進(jìn)中也遇到這樣和那樣一些困難和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我們都順利地解決了，不僅沒有引起大的社會(huì)震動(dòng)，而且極大地解放和發(fā)展了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，保持了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和全面進(jìn)步。We have successfully overcome various difficulties and risks in the course of our advance without causing great social unrest.Rather, we have succeeded in greatly releasing and developing productive forces and maintained social stability and an all-round progress.現(xiàn)在，我們正在滿懷信心地全面推進(jìn)改革。We are conducting a comprehensive reform with full confidence.在經(jīng)濟(jì)上，要加快建立社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化和經(jīng)濟(jì)的社會(huì)化、市場(chǎng)化、現(xiàn)代化；Economically, we will speed up the establishment of a socialist market economy and realize industrialization, and the socialization, marketization and modernization of the economy.在政治上，要努力發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主政治，依法治國(guó)，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家，保證人民充分行使管理國(guó)家和社會(huì)事務(wù)的權(quán)力；Politically, we will endeavor to develop socialist democracy, govern the country according to law, build a socialist country under the rule of law and ensure the full exercise of people's rights to govern the country and manage social affairs.Culturally, we will work hard to develop a scientific socialist culture for the people, a culture that is geared to the needs of modernization, of the nation, of the world and of the future, adopt a strategy of rejuvenating China through science and education, and strive to raise the political and moral standards as well as scientific and cultural level of the entire nation.總起來說，就是要把中國(guó)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明的現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。In a word, it is to build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced modern country.中國(guó)作為疆域遼闊、人口眾多、歷史悠久的國(guó)家，應(yīng)該對(duì)人類有較大的貢獻(xiàn)。China, a country with vast territory, a big population and a long history, should make greater contribution to humanity.中國(guó)人民所以要進(jìn)行百年不屈不撓的斗爭(zhēng)，The Chinese people waged a dauntless struggle for one hundred years.所以要實(shí)行一次又一次的偉大變革、實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家的繁榮富強(qiáng)，They have effected great reforms and changes one after another to build China into a strong and prosperous country.所以要加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)、完成祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，所以要促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)They have worked to strengthen ethnic harmony and achieve national reunification and to promote the lofty cause of world peace and development.歸根到底就是為了一個(gè)目標(biāo)：實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興，爭(zhēng)取對(duì)人類作出新的更大的貢獻(xiàn)。In the final analysis, they have done all these for one objective, that is the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and China's greater contribution to humanity.總之，今天中國(guó)所選擇的社會(huì)制度和發(fā)展道路，實(shí)行的內(nèi)外政策，確定的下個(gè)世紀(jì)的奮斗目標(biāo)，既有現(xiàn)實(shí)的根據(jù)，又有歷史的淵源；In short, the choice of the social system and development path that China has made, the domestic and foreign policies that it has pursued and the goals it has identified for the next century are all based on both the reality and the history.既符合人類歷史發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)和時(shí)代潮流，又具有中華民族自己的特色；Therefore, they are not only in conformity with the trend of the historical development of mankind and that of the times, but also reflect the characteristics of the Chinese nation.既符合中國(guó)人民的根本利益，又有利于世界的和平、穩(wěn)定、繁榮與進(jìn)步。They serve not only the fundamental interests of the Chinese people, but also world peace, stability, prosperity and progress.掌握這一點(diǎn)，乃是了解和認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)現(xiàn)狀與未來的關(guān)鍵。This is the key to an understanding of the present China and its future.中美兩國(guó)人民的友好交往，已有200多年歷史。The friendly exchanges between the Chinese and American peoples date back to more than two hundred years ago.1784年，美國(guó)商船“中國(guó)皇后號(hào)”遠(yuǎn)航到中國(guó)。Back in 1784, American merchant ship the “Empress of China” came a long way to China.In 1847，1847年，中國(guó)最早的一批留美學(xué)生容閎等人赴美求學(xué)。Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.許多中國(guó)人參加了美國(guó)的建設(shè)事業(yè)，不少美國(guó)人同情和幫助過中國(guó)的民族解放事業(yè)。Many Chinese contributed to the nation-building of the United States, while a lot of American friends helped and supported the national liberation cause of the Chinese people.他們的動(dòng)人事跡，我們永遠(yuǎn)記在心中。We will never forget their contribution which has touched us deeply.中國(guó)人民一向欽佩美國(guó)人民的求實(shí)精神和創(chuàng)造精神。The Chinese people have always admired the American people for their pragmatic attitude and creative spirit.昨天，我參觀了國(guó)際商用機(jī)器公司、美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司和貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室，領(lǐng)略了當(dāng)代科技發(fā)展的前沿成就。My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday gave me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.科學(xué)技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，越來越深刻地影響著世界政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的格局和人們的社會(huì)生活。Today's rapid development in science and technology is bringing about increasingly greater impact on global political and economic pattern and people's social life.堅(jiān)持變革創(chuàng)新，理想就會(huì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。If we persist in our reform, we will be able to turn our ideals into reality.我們?cè)跀U(kuò)大開放、實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程中，重視學(xué)習(xí)和吸收美國(guó)人民創(chuàng)造的一切優(yōu)秀文化成果。In our course to further open up and achieve modernization, we have spared no efforts in learning from all the fine cultural achievements of the American people.中美兩國(guó)人民的友好合作對(duì)世界具有重大影響。Friendship and cooperation between our two peoples are of great importance to the world.美國(guó)是最發(fā)達(dá)的資本主義國(guó)家，中國(guó)是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。The United States is the most developed country and China the largest developing country.12億人口的中國(guó)保持穩(wěn)定和加快發(fā)展，對(duì)促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)和世界的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展，具有極其重要的意義。

China is a country with 1.2 billion people.Its stability and rapid development is of vital importance to the stability and development in Asia-Pacific and the world at large.中國(guó)擁有廣大的市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展需求，美國(guó)擁有先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和巨大的物質(zhì)力量，China holds a huge market and great demand for development and the United States holds advanced science and technology as well as enormous material force.兩國(guó)之間有著很強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性。The economies of the two countries are therefore highly complementary with each other.中國(guó)的潛在市場(chǎng)同國(guó)外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和資金優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)合起來，就能形成眾多的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和強(qiáng)大的發(fā)展活力。China's potential market, once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce many opportunities and great vigor for development.中國(guó)和美國(guó)，在事關(guān)人類生存和發(fā)展的許多重大問題上，例如維護(hù)世界和平與安全，防止大規(guī)模殺傷性武器擴(kuò)散，保護(hù)人類生存環(huán)境，打擊國(guó)際犯罪等，有著廣泛的共同利益，肩負(fù)著共同責(zé)任。

China and the United States share broad common interests and shoulder common responsibility on many important questions which are crucial to human survival and development such as maintaining world peace and security, preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction, protecting environment for human survival and combating international crimes.這些都是中美兩國(guó)發(fā)展友好合作的重要基礎(chǔ)。All these provide an important basis for further developing China-U.S.friendly relations and cooperation.我們應(yīng)該牢牢把握中美關(guān)系的大局，We should take a firm hold of the overall interests of China-U.S.relations

妥善解決分歧，不斷朝著增進(jìn)了解、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)、發(fā)展合作、創(chuàng)未來的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。and settle our differences properly so as to reach the goal of promoting mutual understanding, broadening common ground, developing cooperation and building a future together.這次訪問期間，我同克林頓總統(tǒng)就中美關(guān)系的未來發(fā)展，深入交換了意見，達(dá)成了廣泛共識(shí)。During my current visit to the United States, I had an in-depth exchange of views and reached broad agreement with President Clinton on the future development of China-U.S.relations.雙方同意，為了促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)，中美應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)合作，努力建立面向21世紀(jì)的建設(shè)性的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。We both agree that with a view to promoting the lofty cause of world peace and development, China and the United States should strengthen cooperation and work to build a constructive strategic partnership oriented toward the 21st century.這標(biāo)志著中美關(guān)系進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段。This will mark a new stage of development in the China-U.S.relations.哈佛大學(xué)一向重視對(duì)中國(guó)的研究。Harvard University has all along placed importance on China studies.貴校已故的費(fèi)正清教授，就是畢生從事中國(guó)歷史文化研究的知名學(xué)者。The late Professor Fairbank was a well-known scholar from Harvard.He devoted all his life to the study of Chinese history and culture.為了有助于研究中國(guó)的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)，我愿向貴校贈(zèng)送一套新出版的《毛澤東評(píng)點(diǎn)二十四史》。In order to promote the study of China's past and present, I will present Harvard with a set of newly published Twenty-Four Histories with Mao Zedong's Comments.二十四史是記載中國(guó)幾千年歷史的重要典籍。Twenty-Four Histories are important classical works on China's history of several thousand years.毛澤東先生一生對(duì)二十四史做過許多評(píng)點(diǎn)和批注，為認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)的歷史和吸取歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。In his life time, Mr.Mao Zedong made numerous comments and annotations on the Twenty-Four Histories, thus leaving us with a rich heritage of philosophy in understanding and drawing useful lessons from China's history.我高興地得知，陸登庭校長(zhǎng)將于明年訪華，我期待在北京與你再次見面。I am glad to learn that you, Mr.President, will come to China next year.I look forward to meeting you again in Beijing or Shanghai.我很欣賞哈佛校門上的一段話：“為增長(zhǎng)智慧走進(jìn)來，為服務(wù)祖國(guó)和同胞走出去。”I highly appreciate the motto on the gate of your University.It reads: “Enter to grow in wisdom” and “Depart to serve better thy country and thy kind.”

中國(guó)青年也把“胸懷祖國(guó)、服務(wù)人民”作為自己的座右銘。Young people in China have also a motto, that is, “keep the motherland in heart and serve the people with heart and soul.”

我希望中美兩國(guó)青年在建設(shè)各自國(guó)家、促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的事業(yè)中，加深了解，互相學(xué)習(xí)，增進(jìn)友誼，為創(chuàng)造美好的未來而努力奮斗。I hope that in the cause of building our own countries and promoting world peace and development, younger generations of China and the United States will understand each other better, learn from each other, enhance the friendship and strive for a better future.

第五篇：江澤民在哈佛大學(xué)講話

Jiang's speech at Harvard University 江澤民在哈佛大學(xué)講話 我感謝陸登庭校長(zhǎng)的邀請(qǐng)，使我有機(jī)會(huì)在這美好的金秋時(shí)節(jié)，來到你們這座美國(guó)古老而又現(xiàn)代化的學(xué)府。I wish to thank Dr.Neil L.Rudenstine, President of Harvard University, for inviting me to this ancient yet modernized institution of the United States in this golden fall.哈佛建校360年來，培養(yǎng)出許多杰出的政治家、科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家和企業(yè)家，曾出過6位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，30多位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者。Since its founding some 360 years ago, Harvard has nurtured a great number of outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers and businessmen, including six of the American Presidents and over thirty Nobel Prize winners.先有哈佛，后有美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)，這說明了哈佛在美國(guó)歷史上的地位。The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.哈佛是最早接受中國(guó)留學(xué)生的美國(guó)大學(xué)之一。Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.中國(guó)教育界、科學(xué)界、文化界一直同哈佛大學(xué)保持著學(xué)術(shù)交流。The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.哈佛為增進(jìn)中美兩國(guó)人民的相互了解作出了有益的貢獻(xiàn)。Harvard has thus made useful contribution to the enhanced mutual understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.相互了解，是發(fā)展國(guó)與國(guó)之間關(guān)系的前提。Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations.惟有相互了解，才能增進(jìn)信任，加強(qiáng)合作。Without it, it would be impossible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with each other.中美建交以來，我們兩國(guó)人民之間的相互交流與了解在逐漸擴(kuò)大和加深，但還不夠。Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and the United States, the exchanges and mutual understanding between our two peoples have broadened and deepened steadily.However, this is not enough.為了推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展，中國(guó)需要進(jìn)一步了解美國(guó)，美國(guó)也需要進(jìn)一步了解中國(guó)。To promote the development of China-U.S.relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.要了解中國(guó)，可以有很多視角。To know China better, one may approach it from different angles.現(xiàn)實(shí)中國(guó)是歷史中國(guó)的發(fā)展。China today has been evolved from its past.中國(guó)是一個(gè)有5000年文明歷史的國(guó)家，China is a country with 5,000 years of civilization.從歷史文化來了解和認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)，是一個(gè)重要的視角。It is important to approach China from a historical and cultural perspective.記得我在高中讀書時(shí)，老師給我們講微積分，第一課就是講《莊子》中的“一尺之棰，日取其半，萬(wàn)世不竭”，很形象地使我建立起極限的概念。I recall my first lesson on calculus in senior high school.My teacher quoted a line from Zhuang Zi, a Chinese philosopher over 2,000 years ago, which reads “Cut away half of a rod and keep on halving what is left, and there will be no end to that process.” This gave me a vivid concept of limit.這表明中國(guó)古人就已認(rèn)識(shí)到事物的發(fā)展變化是無限的，也說明我們的先人對(duì)自然界的認(rèn)識(shí)已達(dá)到相當(dāng)?shù)乃健t shows that the ancient Chinese realized the endless process of changes of matters and had a fairly good understanding of the nature.早在公元前2500，中國(guó)人就開始了仰觀天文、俯察地理的活動(dòng)，逐漸形成了“天人合一”的宇宙觀。As early as in 2,500 B.C.Chinese began astronomical observation and geographical survey, and gradually formed a world outlook of an “integration of the universe and humanity.”

中國(guó)歷史上產(chǎn)生了許多杰出的哲學(xué)家、思想家、政治家、軍事家、科學(xué)家和文學(xué)藝術(shù)家，留下了浩如煙海的文化典籍。China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature.春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”局面和老子、孔子等諸子百家的學(xué)說，在世界思想史上占有重要地位。The scene of “contention of a hundred schools of thought” brought forth in the Spring and Autumn Period 2,500 years ago and the Warring States Period over 2,200 years ago and the emergence of various schools of thought and their exponents such as Lao Zi and Confucius about 2,400 years ago all occupy a very important position in the world history of philosophy.古代中國(guó)在天文歷法、地學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和人文科學(xué)的許多領(lǐng)域，都作出過獨(dú)特的貢獻(xiàn)。Ancient China made unique contributions to many areas of science including astronomy, calendric system, geography, mathematics, agriculture, medicine and the humanities.殷商時(shí)期的甲骨文中就有日月之食的記載。Records of solar and lunar eclipses are found in the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty over 3,000 years ago.從秦代到清末的2100多年間，哈雷彗星出現(xiàn)27次，中國(guó)都有記錄。In the 2,100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty(221 BC-1911), the 27 appearances of Halley Comet were all recorded in China.漢代張衡發(fā)明了測(cè)定地震方位的地動(dòng)儀和演示日月星辰的渾天儀。Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty over 1,800 years ago invented a seismograph to determine the location of earthquakes and the celestial globe that showed the movement of the sun, moon and other stars.先秦的數(shù)學(xué)家提出了勾股定理。Mathematicians in the pre-Qin days over 2,200 years ago put forward the proposition known as the Pythagorean theorem in the West today.