第一篇：TED演講：了解中國的崛起(無中文)

Understanding the rise of China

了解中國的崛起

Martin Jacques TED演講：

在TED倫敦沙龍會上，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬丁·雅克Martin Jacques問：在西方我們對中國和它顯著的崛起現(xiàn)象有多少認(rèn)識？作為《當(dāng)中國統(tǒng)治世界》的作者，他解釋了西方國家常常對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長力感到困惑的理由，他提出3個基礎(chǔ)觀點(diǎn)來幫助我們理解當(dāng)代的中國現(xiàn)實(shí)和中國未來的展望。

正文：

The world is changing with really remarkable speed.If you look at the chart at the top here, you'll see that in 2025, these Goldman Sachs projections suggest that the Chinese economy will be almost the same size as the American economy.And if you look at the chart for 2050, it's projected that the Chinese economy will be twice the size of the American economy, and the Indian economy will be almost the same size as the American economy.And we should bear in mind here that these projections were drawn up before the Western financial crisis.A couple of weeks ago, I was looking at the latest projection by BNP Paribas for when China will have a larger economy than the United States.Goldman Sachs projected 2027.The post-crisis projection is 2020.That's just a decade away.China is going to change the world in two fundamental respects.First of all, it's a huge developing country with a population of 1.3 billion people, which has been growing for over 30 years at around 10 percent a year.And within a decade, it will have the largest economy in the world.Never before in the modern era has the largest economy in the world been that of a developing country, rather than a developed country.Secondly, for the first time in the modern era, the dominant country in the world--which I think is what China will become--will be not from the West and from very, very different civilizational roots.Now, I know it's a widespread assumption in the West that as countries modernize, they also westernize.This is an illusion.It's an assumption that modernity is a product simply of competition, markets and technology.It is not.It is also shaped equally by history and culture.China is not like the West, and it will not become like the West.It will remain in very fundamental respects very different.Now the big question here is obviously, how do we make sense of China? How do we try to understand what China is? And the problem we have in the West at the moment, by and large, is that the conventional approach is that we understand it really in Western terms, using Western ideas.We can't.Now I want to offer you three building blocks for trying to understand what China is like, just as a beginning.The first is this: that China is not really a nation-state.Okay, it's called itself a nation-state for the last hundred years, but everyone who knows anything about China knows it's a lot older than this.This was what China looked like with the victory of the Qin Dynasty in 221 B.C.at the end of the warring-state period--the birth of modern China.And you can see it against the boundaries of modern China.Or immediately afterward, the Han Dynasty, still 2,000 years ago.And you can see already it occupies most of what we now know as Eastern China, which is where the vast majority of Chinese lived then and live now.Now what is extraordinary about this is, what gives China its sense of being China, what gives the Chinese the sense of what it is to be Chinese, comes not from the last hundred years, not from the nation-state period, which is what happened in the West, but from the period, if you like, of the civilization-state.I'm thinking here, for example, of customs like ancestral worship, of a very distinctive notion of the state, likewise, a very distinctive notion of the family, social relationships like guanxi, Confucian values and so on.These are all things that come from the period of the civilization-state.In other words, China, unlike the Western states and most countries in the world, is shaped by its sense of civilization, its existence as a civilization-state, rather than as a nation-state.And there's one other thing to add to this, and that is this: Of course we know China's big, huge, demographically and geographically, with a population of 1.3 billion people.What we often aren't really aware of is the fact that China is extremely diverse and very pluralistic, and in many ways very decentralized.You can't run a place on this scale simply from Beijing, even though we think this to be the case.It's never been the case.So this is China, a civilization-state, rather than a nation-state.And what does it mean? Well, I think it has all sorts of profound implications.I'll give you two quick ones.The first is that the most important political value for the Chinese is unity, is the maintenance of Chinese civilization.You know, 2,000 years ago, Europe: breakdown--the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire.It divided, and it's remained divided ever since.China, over the same time period, went in exactly the opposite direction, very painfully holding this huge civilization, civilization-state, together.The second is maybe more prosaic, which is Hong Kong.Do you remember the handover of Hong Kong by Britain to China in 1997? You may remember what the Chinese constitutional proposition was.One country, two systems.And I'll lay a wager that barely anyone in the West believed them.“Window dressing.When China gets its hands on Hong Kong, that won't be the case.” Thirteen years on, the political and legal system in Hong Kong is as different now as it was in 1997.We were wrong.Why were we wrong? We were wrong because we thought, naturally enough, in nation-state ways.Think of German unification, 1990.What happened? Well, basically the East was swallowed by the West.One nation, one system.That is the nation-state mentality.But you can't run a country like China, a civilization-state, on the basis of one civilization, one system.It doesn't work.So actually the response of China to the question of Hong Kong--as it will be to the question of Taiwan--was a natural response: one civilization, many systems.Let me offer you another building block to try and understand China--maybe not sort of a comfortable one.The Chinese have a very, very different conception of race to most other countries.Do you know, of the 1.3 billion Chinese, over 90 percent of them think they belong to the same race, the Han? Now, this is completely different from the world's [other] most populous countries.India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil--all of them are multiracial.The Chinese don't feel like that.China is only multiracial really at the margins.So the question is, why? Well the reason, I think, essentially is, again, back to the civilization-state.A history of at least 2,000 years, a history of conquest, occupation, absorption, assimilation and so on, led to the process by which, over time, this notion of the Han emerged--of course, nurtured by a growing and very powerful sense of cultural identity.Now the great advantage of this historical experience has been that, without the Han, China could never have held together.The Han identity has been the cement which has held this country together.The great disadvantage of it is that the Han have a very weak conception of cultural difference.They really believe in their own superiority, and they are disrespectful of those who are not.Hence their attitude, for example, to the Uyghurs and to the Tibetans.Or let me give you my third building block, the Chinese state.Now the relationship between the state and society in China is very different from that in the West.Now we in the West overwhelmingly seem to think--in these days at least--that the authority and legitimacy of the state is a function of democracy.The problem with this proposition is that the Chinese state enjoys more legitimacy and more authority amongst the Chinese than is true with any Western state.And the reason for this is because--well, there are two reasons, I think.And it's obviously got nothing to do with democracy, because in our terms the Chinese certainly don't have a democracy.And the reason for this is, firstly, because the state in China is given a very special--it enjoys a very special significance as the representative, the embodiment and the guardian of Chinese civilization, of the civilization-state.This is as close as China gets to a kind of spiritual role.And the second reason is because, whereas in Europe and North America, the state's power is continuously challenged--I mean in the European tradition, historically against the church, against other sectors of the aristocracy, against merchants and so on--for 1,000 years, the power of the Chinese state has not been challenged.It's had no serious rivals.So you can see that the way in which power has been constructed in China is very different from our experience in Western history.The result, by the way, is that the Chinese have a very different view of the state.Whereas we tend to view it as an intruder, a stranger, certainly an organ whose powers need to be limited or defined and constrained, the Chinese don't see the state like that at all.The Chinese view the state as an intimate--not just as an intimate actually, as a member of the family--not just in fact as a member of the family, but as the head of the family, the patriarch of the family.This is the Chinese view of the state--very, very different to ours.It's embedded in society in a different kind of way to what is the case in the West.And I would suggest to you that actually what we are dealing with here, in the Chinese context, is a new kind of paradigm, which is different from anything we've had to think about in the past.Know that China believes in the market and the state.I mean, Adam Smith, already writing in the late 18th century, said, “The Chinese market is larger and more developed and more sophisticated than anything in Europe.” And, apart from the Mao period, that has remained more or less the case ever since.But this is combined with an extremely strong and ubiquitous state.The state is everywhere in China.I mean, it's leading firms--many of them are still publicly owned.Private firms, however large they are, like Lenovo, depend in many ways on state patronage.Targets for the economy and so on are set by the state.And the state, of course, its authority flows into lots of other areas--as we are familiar with--with something like the one-child policy.Moreover, this is a very old state tradition, a very old tradition of statecraft.I mean, if you want an illustration of this, the Great Wall is one.But this is another, this is the Grand Canal, which was constructed in the first instance in the fifth century B.C.and was finally completed in the seventh century A.D.It went for 1,114 miles, linking Beijing with Hangzhou and Shanghai.So there's a long history of extraordinary state infrastructural projects in China, which I suppose helps us to explain what we see today, which is something like the Three Gorges Dam and many other expressions of state competence within China.So there we have three building blocks for trying to understand the difference that is China--the civilization-state, the notion of race and the nature of the state and its relationship to society.And yet we still insist, by and large, in thinking that we can understand China by simply drawing on Western experience, looking at it through Western eyes, using Western concepts.If you want to know why we unerringly seem to get China wrong--our predictions about what's going to happen to China are incorrect--this is the reason.Unfortunately, I think, I have to say that I think attitude towards China is that of a kind of little Westerner mentality.It's kind of arrogant.It's arrogant in the sense that we think that we are best, and therefore we have the universal measure.And secondly, it's ignorant.We refuse to really address the issue of difference.You know, there's a very interesting passage in a book by Paul Cohen, the American historian.And Paul Cohen argues that the West thinks of itself as probably the most cosmopolitan of all cultures.But it's not.In many ways, it's the most parochial, because for 200 years, the West has been so dominant in the world that it's not really needed to understand other cultures, other civilizations.Because, at the end of the day, it could, if necessary by force, get its own way.Whereas those cultures--virtually the rest of the world, in fact, which have been in a far weaker position, vis-a-vis the West--have been thereby forced to understand the West, because of the West's presence in those societies.And therefore, they are, as a result, more cosmopolitan in many ways than the West.I mean, take the question of East Asia.East Asia: Japan, Korea, China, etc.--a third of the world's population lives there.Now the largest economic region in the world.And I'll tell you now, that East Asianers, people from East Asia, are far more knowledgeable about the West than the West is about East Asia.Now this point is very germane, I'm afraid, to the present.Because what's happening? Back to that chart at the beginning, the Goldman Sachs chart.What is happening is that, very rapidly in historical terms, the world is being driven and shaped, not by the old developed countries, but by the developing world.We've seen this in terms of the G20 usurping very rapidly the position of the G7, or the G8.And there are two consequences of this.First, the West is rapidly losing its influence in the world.There was a dramatic illustration of this actually a year ago--Copenhagen, climate change conference.Europe was not at the final negotiating table.When did that last happen? I would wager it was probably about 200 years ago.And that is what is going to happen in the future.And the second implication is that the world will inevitably, as a consequence, become increasingly unfamiliar to us, because it'll be shaped by cultures and experiences and histories that we are not really familiar with, or conversant with.And at last, I'm afraid--take Europe;America is slightly different--but Europeans by and large, I have to say, are ignorant, are unaware about the way the world is changing.Some people--I've got an English friend in China, and he said, “The continent is sleepwalking into oblivion.” Well, maybe that's true, maybe that's an exaggeration.But there's another problem which goes along with this--that Europe is increasingly out of touch with the world--and that is a sort of loss of a sense of the future.I mean, Europe once, of course, once commanded the future in its confidence.Take the 19th century, for example.But this, alas, is no longer true.If you want to feel the future, if you want to taste the future, try China--there's old Confucius.This is a railway station the likes of which you've never seen before.It doesn't even look like a railway station.This is the new Guangzhou railway station for the high-speed trains.China already has a bigger network than any other country in the world and will soon have more than all the rest of the world put together.Or take this: now this is an idea, but it's an idea to be tried out shortly in a suburb of Beijing.Here you have a megabus, on the upper deck carries about 2,000 people.It travels on rails down a suburban road, and the cars travel underneath it.And it does speeds of up to about 100 miles an hour.Now this is the way things are going to move, because China has a very specific problem, which is different from Europe and different from the United States: China has huge numbers of people and no space.So this is a solution to a situation where China's going to have many, many, many cities over 20 million people.Okay, so how would I like to finish? Well, what should our attitude be towards this world that we see very rapidly developing before us? I think there will be good things about it and there will be bad things about it.But I want to argue, above all, a big-picture positive for this world.For 200 years, the world was essentially governed by a fragment of the human population.That's what Europe and North America represented.The arrival of countries like China and India--between them 38 percent of the world's population--and others like Indonesia and Brazil and so on, represent the most important single act of democratization in the last 200 years.Civilizations and cultures, which had been ignored, which had no voice, which were not listened to, which were not known about, will have a different sort of representation in this world.As humanists, we must welcome, surely, this transformation, and we will have to learn about these civilizations.This big ship here was the one sailed in by Zheng He in the early 15th century on his great voyages around the South China Sea, the East China Sea and across the Indian Ocean to East Africa.The little boat in front of it was the one in which, 80 years later, Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic.(Laughter)Or, look carefully at this silk scroll made by ZhuZhou in 1368.I think they're playing golf.Christ, the Chinese even invented golf.Welcome to the future.Thank you.(Applause)

第二篇：中國崛起 演講

1：你們是否還記得那個輝煌燦爛的中華文明曾傲然于世界，那個地大物博的中國屹立于世界的東方？

2：你們是否還記得我們國家孱弱的時候，帝國侵略者的鐵蹄無情的踐踏著我們美麗的山河？

3：你們是否還記得那個曾是中國附屬的資源貧乏小國日本開始覬覦中國，以武力侵略中國，而我們這個曾經(jīng)的泱泱大國，也只能任人欺侮？

4：而你們是否又看到了，看到了這個沉睡的中國醒來了，龍的傳人再次向世界昭示我們偉大的中華民族是不可能被摧毀不可能被戰(zhàn)勝的！如今，她又站起來了！

同學(xué)們，我們要做的，就是：

齊：記住我們曾有的輝煌和屈辱，實(shí)現(xiàn)華夏文明的偉大復(fù)興

4：中國，一頭威猛的雄獅。雖然他曾滿目創(chuàng)傷，雖然他曾疲憊不堪。但是，今天他蘇醒了，他再度崛起，他豪邁地走向世界，向人們展示他的王者風(fēng)范，讓世界擁抱了他??

我們站在新世紀(jì)的門楦xuàn驀然回首時，看到崛起的中國，又該體味怎樣的自豪發(fā)出怎樣的感慨呢？

經(jīng)過30多年的改革開放,中國從落后的農(nóng)業(yè)社會發(fā)展成為現(xiàn)代商業(yè)社會,并著手開拓具有中國特色的社會主義道路, 我國綜合國力不斷增長,國際地位不斷提高,參與國際合作,在國際社會中的作用和影響逐漸加深,徹底改變了“弱國無外交”的被動局面。

港澳回歸,洗雪了中華民族百年的恥辱,使海內(nèi)外華人揚(yáng)眉吐氣,臺灣入聯(lián)公投的失敗,更使所有國人為之一振!中國在維護(hù)中華民族領(lǐng)土完整的征程上又邁出了堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步!

我國科研軍事實(shí)力迅猛增強(qiáng),2003年和2005年我國先后兩次成功發(fā)射載人航天飛船,2007年發(fā)射首顆繞月探測衛(wèi)星:實(shí)現(xiàn)太空行走,今年天宮一號的發(fā)射為之后空間站的建立奠定基礎(chǔ)。我國的航天事業(yè)正蓬勃發(fā)展，取得了令世界矚目的成就五星紅旗飄揚(yáng)在最高空。

我們以“小米加步槍”奪得政權(quán)。在祖國首屆國慶閱兵中的“萬國牌”武器到現(xiàn)在的全自產(chǎn)的精良裝備。在建國六十年閱兵式上，中國解放軍顯示出來的颯爽英姿和軍事力量，可以讓我們自豪的向世界宣告“中國已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大起來了”，中國的強(qiáng)大也向世界傳遞著中國維護(hù)世界和平的理念。

在體育方面，2000年的悉尼奧運(yùn)會上我國在金牌榜和獎牌榜均奪得第三。2004年的雅典奧運(yùn)會我國爭得第二。在北京奧運(yùn)會上，我國以51枚金牌摘得桂冠。讓世界驚嘆，讓每一個中國人倍感自豪與驕傲。中國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個史無前例的體育高速發(fā)展的時代，一個被體育深刻影響的時代。國力增強(qiáng)，國運(yùn)昌盛，為中國體育的崛起提供了最堅(jiān)實(shí)的保證和最強(qiáng)大的動力，中國體育的日益輝煌又為中國在世界舞臺上不斷提升的國家形象增光添彩。

我國從建國之初與17個國家建有外交關(guān)系到現(xiàn)在的200多個國家。1971年恢復(fù)的聯(lián)合國成員地位；2001年加入WTO（世界貿(mào)易組織）；從申奧成功到舉辦奧運(yùn)，再到上?！笆啦?，中國對于世界的影響越來越大。中國離不開世界，世界也離不開中國。

潘基文說，整個世界都在關(guān)注著中國，作為世界最大的發(fā)展中國家，世界發(fā)展最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，世界越來越重要的發(fā)展伙伴，中國在聯(lián)合國的議程中扮演著一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的角色。作為聯(lián)合國安全理事會中五個常任理事國之一，中國在許多領(lǐng)域，從預(yù)防沖突、參與維和行動，到建設(shè)和平方面，在聯(lián)合國決策中都有著舉足輕重的地位。中國有五千年的歷史，源遠(yuǎn)流長。今天，中國再一次崛起。我相信，這將有利于整個世界。伴隨著發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，中國也被寄予了巨大的期望，肩負(fù)了重大的責(zé)任。

我們國家在國防科技，政治體育，人們生活水平等方面都取得了一個質(zhì)的飛躍。換來了祖國現(xiàn)在美好的春天。

當(dāng)然，我們無法回避，我們不得不面對中國社會還存在很多的問題。

今天的中國，我們的文明建設(shè)僅僅成功的是物質(zhì)的，思想界有很大的脫節(jié)。也許有人會說我們的科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展很大，可是創(chuàng)新的精神不是促成它發(fā)展的動力，我們的成就大都是在已知領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的追趕取得，中國人的創(chuàng)新精神還沒有重新激發(fā)。中國的教育始終沒有把培育創(chuàng)新精神放在首要位置。

總體上看，中國的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存，但機(jī)遇大于挑戰(zhàn)；原有的矛盾與新產(chǎn)生的矛盾并存，但新產(chǎn)生的矛盾多于原有的矛盾；有利條件與不利條件并存，但有利條件多于不利條件。這與1949年建立新中國的基本條件和1978年改革開始的初始條件大為不同，我們站在了新的歷史起點(diǎn)上。

60年，對于一個國家來說，那簡直是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，然而對于一個國家的人民來說是漫長的。中國的60年，特別是近30年來，在共產(chǎn)黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下人民的生活水平發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，從以前的溫飽問題到現(xiàn)在的小康生活。我們作為這段歷史的見證者與未來中國偉大的復(fù)興的創(chuàng)造者，肩上也有重要的責(zé)任。我們作為跨世紀(jì)的新生一代，成長在黨和祖國溫暖的陽光下，無風(fēng)亦無浪，就像生長在溫室中的花朵。我們時刻保持警惕，能夠認(rèn)識到我們肩上的擔(dān)子有多重。梁啟超說過“少年富則國富，少年強(qiáng)則國強(qiáng)”，江澤民主席也說過中國的未來是屬于新青年一代的未來。所以，我們更應(yīng)發(fā)奮圖強(qiáng)，努力奮斗。同學(xué)們中國美好的未來靠我們?nèi)?chuàng)造，祖國美麗的藍(lán)圖讓我們?nèi)ッ枥L。

泱泱大國，朗朗乾坤，五千年華夏沃土，哺育龍之傳人，八百代炎黃子孫，共筑盛世長城；

黃河長江，巨浪滔滔，昆侖珠峰，聳入云霄。

中華歷史，源遠(yuǎn)流長。

曾記金戈鐵馬，烽煙四起，仁人志士云涌，英雄豪杰輩出，數(shù)不盡風(fēng)流人物，演繹中華精彩，道不完朝野演義，譜寫傳世功勛。

曾記國難當(dāng)頭，中華如睡獅猛醒，民眾團(tuán)結(jié)，同仇敵愾，外爭國權(quán)，內(nèi)懲國賊。

曾記馬列旗幟，紅遍中華，為民主，求統(tǒng)一，火風(fēng)涅盤，烈變新生，開天辟地，建國興業(yè)，歷經(jīng)滄桑巨變，走過坎坷歲月，中華漸變富強(qiáng)，人民齊奔小康。

今朝中華，與日俱進(jìn)，國泰民安，政通人和。

百姓友睦，天下興旺，文化繁榮，科學(xué)發(fā)達(dá)，有如大鵬展翅、巨龍騰飛。

且看國民齊勞力，堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，黨政一條心，促進(jìn)西部大開發(fā)。眾志成城，攜手奮進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)動歷史車輪，共創(chuàng)大中華輝煌。

回顧過去，我們雄心激揚(yáng)；

展望未來，我們豪情滿懷。

祖國發(fā)展我成長，我與祖國共奮進(jìn)。

中國加油！我們加油！

演講完畢！

第三篇：TED中文演講稿

我知道你們在想什么，你們覺得我迷路了，馬上就會有人走上臺溫和地把我?guī)Щ匚业淖簧?。（掌聲）。我在迪拜總會遇上這種事?！皝磉@里度假的嗎，親愛的？”（笑聲）“來探望孩子的嗎？這次要待多久呢？ 恩，事實(shí)上，我希望能再待久一點(diǎn)。我在波斯灣這邊生活和教書已經(jīng)超過30年了。（掌聲）這段時間里，我看到了很多變化?，F(xiàn)在這份數(shù)據(jù)是挺嚇人的，而我今天要和你們說的是有關(guān)語言的消失和英語的全球化。我想和你們談?wù)勎业呐笥?，她在阿布達(dá)比教成人英語。在一個晴朗的日子里，她決定帶她的學(xué)生到花園去教他們一些大自然的詞匯。但最后卻變成是她在學(xué)習(xí)所有當(dāng)?shù)刂参镌诎⒗Z中是怎么說的。還有這些植物是如何被用作藥材，化妝品，烹飪，香草。這些學(xué)生是怎么得到這些知識的呢？當(dāng)然是從他們的祖父母，甚至曾祖父母那里得來的。不需要我來告訴你們能夠跨代溝通是多么重要。but sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate.a language dies every 14 days.now, at the same time, english is the undisputed global language.could there be a connection? well i dont know.but i do know that ive seen a lot of changes.when i first came out to the gulf, i came to kuwait in the days when it was still a hardship post.actually, not that long ago.that is a little bit too early.but nevertheless, i was recruited by the british council along with about 25 other teachers.and we were the first non-muslims to teach in the state schools there in kuwait.we were brought to teach english because the government wanted to modernize the country and empower the citizens through education.and of course, the u.k.benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth.但遺憾的是，今天很多語言正在以前所未有的速度消失。每14天就有一種語言消失，而與此同時，英語卻無庸置疑地成為全球性的語言。這其中有關(guān)聯(lián)嗎？我不知道。但我知道的是，我見證過許多改變。初次來到海灣地區(qū)時，我去了科威特。當(dāng)時教英文仍然是個困難的工作。其實(shí)，沒有那么久啦，這有點(diǎn)太久以前了。總之，我和其他25位老師一起被英國文化協(xié)會聘用。我們是第一批非穆斯林的老師，在科威特的國立學(xué)校任教。我們被派到那里教英語，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)卣Ｍ麌铱梢袁F(xiàn)代化并透過教育提升公民的水平。當(dāng)然，英國也能得到些好處，產(chǎn)油國可是很有錢的。okay.now this is the major change that ive seen--how teaching english has morphed from being a mutually english-speaking nation on earth.and why not? after all, the best education--according to the latest world university rankings--is to be found in the universities of the u.k.and the u.s.so everybody wants to have an english education, naturally.but if youre not a native speaker, you have to pass a test.言歸正傳，我見過最大的改變，就是英語教學(xué)的蛻變?nèi)绾螐囊粋€互惠互利的行為變成今天這種大規(guī)模的國際產(chǎn)業(yè)。英語不再是學(xué)校課程里的外語學(xué)科，也不再只是英國的專利。英語（教學(xué)）已經(jīng)成為所有英語系國家追逐的潮流。何樂而不為呢？畢竟，最好的教育來自于最好的大學(xué)，而根據(jù)最新的世界大學(xué)排名，那些名列前茅的都是英國和美國的大學(xué)。所以自然每個人都想接受英語教育，但如果你不是以英文為母語，你就要通過考試。now can it be right to reject a student on linguistic ability well, i dont think so.we english teachers reject them all the time.we put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks.they cant pursue their dream any longer, till they get english.now let me put it this way, if i met a dutch speaker who had the cure for cancer, would i stop him from entering my british university? i dont think so.but indeed, that is exactly what we do.we english teachers are the gatekeepers.and you have to satisfy us first that your english is good enough.now it can be dangerous to give too much power to a narrow segment of society.maybe the barrier would be too universal.但僅憑語言能力就拒絕學(xué)生這樣對嗎？譬如如果你碰到一位天才計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家，但他會需要有和律師一樣的語言能力嗎？我不這么認(rèn)為。但身為英語老師的我們，卻總是拒絕他們。我們處處設(shè)限，將學(xué)生擋在路上，使他們無法再追求自己的夢想，直到他們通過考試?，F(xiàn)在容我換一個方式說，如果我遇到了一位只會說荷蘭話的人，而這個人能治愈癌癥，我會阻止他進(jìn)入我的英國大學(xué)嗎？我想不會。但事實(shí)上，我們的確在做這種事。我們這些英語老師就是把關(guān)的。你必須先讓我們滿意，使我們認(rèn)定你的英文夠好。但這可能是危險的。把太多的權(quán)力交由這么小的一群人把持，也許會令這種障礙太過普及。okay.but, i hear you say, what about the research? its all in english.so the books are in english, the journals are done in english, but that is a self-fulfilling.it feeds the english requirement.and so it goes on.i ask you, what happened to translation? if you think about the islamic golden age, there was lots of translation then.they translated from latin and greek into arabic, into persian, and then it was translated on into the germanic languages of europe and the romance languages.and so light shone upon the dark ages of europe.now dont get me wrong;i am not against teaching english, all you english teachers out there.i love it that we have a global language.we need one today more than ever.but i am against using it as a barrier.do we really want to end up with 600 languages and the main one being english, or chinese? we need more than that.where do we draw the line? this system equates intelligence with a knowledge of english which is quite.于是，我聽到你們問但是研究呢?研究報(bào)告都要用英文。”的確，研究論著和期刊都要用英文發(fā)表，但這只是一種理所當(dāng)然的現(xiàn)象。有英語要求，自然就有英語供給，然后就這么循環(huán)下去。我倒想問問大家，為什么不用翻譯呢？想想伊斯蘭的黃金時代，當(dāng)時翻譯盛行，人們把拉丁文和希臘文翻譯成阿拉伯文或波斯文，然后再由拉伯文或波斯文翻譯為歐洲的日耳曼語言以及羅曼語言。于是文明照亮了歐洲的黑暗時代。但不要誤會我的意思，我不是反對英語教學(xué)或是在座所有的英語老師。我很高興我們有一個全球性的語言，這在今日尤為重要。但我反對用英語設(shè)立障礙。難道我們真希望世界上只剩下600種語言，其中又以英文或中文為主流嗎？我們需要的不只如此。那么我們該如何拿捏呢？這個體制把智能和英語能力畫上等號這是相當(dāng)武斷的。

and i want to remind you that the giants upon whose shoulders todays stand did not have to have english, they didnt have to pass an english test.case in point, einstein.he, by the way, was considered remedial at school because he was, in fact, dyslexic.but fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an english test.because they didnt start until 1964 with toefl, the american test of english.now its exploded.there are lots and lots of tests of english.and millions and millions of students take these tests every year.now you might think, you and me, those fees arent bad, theyre okay, but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people.so immediately, were rejecting them.我想要提醒你們，扶持當(dāng)代知識分子的這些“巨人肩膀不必非得具有英文能力，他們不需要通過英語考試。愛因斯坦就是典型的例子。順便說一下，他在學(xué)校還曾被認(rèn)為需要課外補(bǔ)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗鋵?shí)有閱讀障礙。但對整個世界來說,很幸運(yùn)的當(dāng)時他不需要通過英語考試，因?yàn)樗麄冎钡?964年才開始使用托?！，F(xiàn)在英語測驗(yàn)太泛濫了，有太多太多的英語測驗(yàn)，以及成千上萬的學(xué)生每年都在參加這些考試?，F(xiàn)在你會認(rèn)為，你和我都這么想，這些費(fèi)用不貴，價錢滿合理的。但是對數(shù)百萬的窮人來說，這些費(fèi)用高不可攀。所以，當(dāng)下我們又拒絕了他們。it brings to mind a headline i saw recently: education: the great divide.now i get it, i understand why people would focus on english.they want to give their children the best chance in life.and to do that, they need a western education.because, of course, the best jobs go to people out of the western universities, that i put on earlier.its a circular thing.這使我想起最近看到的一個新聞標(biāo)題：“教育：大鴻溝”現(xiàn)在我懂了。我了解為什么大家都重視英語，因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍo孩子最好的人生機(jī)會。為了達(dá)成這目的，他們需要西方教育。畢竟，不可否認(rèn)，最好的工作都留給那些西方大學(xué)畢業(yè)出來的人。就像我之前說的，這是一種循環(huán)。

okay.let me tell you a story about two scientists, two english scientists.they were doing an experiment to do with genetics and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.but they couldnt get the results they wanted.they really didnt know what to do, until along came a german scientist who realized that they were using two words for forelimb and hind limb, whereas genetics does not differentiate and neither does german.so bingo, problem solved.if you cant think a thought, you are stuck.but if another language can think that thought, then, by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more.好，我跟你們說一個關(guān)于兩位科學(xué)家的故事：有兩位英國科學(xué)家在做一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，是關(guān)于遺傳學(xué)的，以及動物的前、后肢。但他們無法得到他們想要的結(jié)果。他們真的不知道該怎么辦，直到來了一位德國的科學(xué)家。他發(fā)現(xiàn)在英文里前肢和后肢是不同的二個字，但在遺傳學(xué)上沒有區(qū)別。在德語也是同一個字。所以，叮！問題解決了。如果你不能想到一個念頭，你會卡在那里。但如果另一個語言能想到那念頭，然后通過合作我們可以達(dá)成目的，也學(xué)到更多。我的女兒從科威特來到英格蘭，她在阿拉伯的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)。那是所阿拉伯中學(xué)。在學(xué)校里，她得把這些知識翻譯成英文，而她在班上卻能在這些學(xué)科上拿到最好的成績。這告訴我們，當(dāng)外籍學(xué)生來找我們，我們可能無法針對他們所知道的給予贊賞，因?yàn)槟鞘莵碜杂谒麄兡刚Z的知識。當(dāng)一個語言消失時，我們不知道還有什么也會一并失去。this is--i dont know if you saw it on cnn recently--they gave the heroes award to a young kenyan shepherd boy who couldnt study at night in his village like all the village children,篇二：楊瀾ted演講稿中英文 yang lan: the generation thats remaking china the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of chinas got talent show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.guess who was the performing guest?susan boyle.and i told her, im going to scotland the next day.she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese.[chinese]so its not like hello or thank you, that ordinary stuff.it means green onion for free.why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in shanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didnt understand any english or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese.(laughter)and the last sentence of nessun dorma that she was singing in the stadium was green onion for free.so [as] susan boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.that was hilarious.so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness.they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.well, being different is not that difficult.we are all different from different perspectives.but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.you may have the chance to make a difference.my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.i remember that in the year of 1990,when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton--its still there.so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?i summoned my courage and poise and said,yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell? i didnt have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.my life, and i feel proud of that.but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.i was in beijings bidding for the olympic games.i was representing the shanghai expo.i saw china embracing the world and vice versa.but then sometimes im thinking, what are todays young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large, the world? so making a living is not that easy for young people.college graduates are not in short supply.in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.so what do they do? they have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves tribe of ants.and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.that ratio in americawould only cost a couple five years to earn, but in china its 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.for the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.and it has aroused huge anger and frustrationamong our young generation.sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet.we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.and guess what, we have faked beef.they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.and then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet.and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes theyre a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.china is soon to pass the u.s.as the number one market for luxury brands--thats not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere.but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s.dollars.theyre not rich at all.theyre taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle.but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.so happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, its about the environment.people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the systemof self-correctness to keep more people contentwith all sorts of friction going on at the same time?i guess these are the questions people are going to answer.and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.thank you very much.楊瀾ted演講：重塑中國的一代 中文演講稿

在來愛爾蘭的前一晚，我應(yīng)邀主持了中國達(dá)人秀在上海的體育場和八萬現(xiàn)場觀眾。猜猜誰是表演嘉賓？——蘇珊大媽。我告訴她，“我明天要去愛爾蘭了?！?她歌聲猶如天籟。而且她還可以說點(diǎn)中文。

“送你蔥?！?這不是“你好、謝謝”之類的日常用語。這組詞翻譯過來是免費(fèi)給你青蔥，為什么她要說這個呢？因?yàn)檫@是我們中國版的蘇珊大媽很有名的一句歌詞。

這位五十幾歲的大媽在上海以販賣蔬菜為生。她喜歡西方的歌劇，但是她不懂任何外語，所以她就把中文蔬菜名填做歌詞。當(dāng)她在體育場里 唱到今夜無人入眠的最后一句時，她唱的是“送你蔥”。蘇珊大媽和全場八萬觀眾一起唱“送你蔥”，多有意思的場面。我想蘇珊大媽和這位在上海做蔬菜買賣的都屬于不同尋常的人。在業(yè)界所謂的娛樂圈，他們最不可能取得成功，但是他們的勇氣和才華讓他們成功了。一場秀，一個平臺給了他們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的舞臺。與眾不同不難，從不同的角度看我們都是不一樣的。我認(rèn)為與眾不同是好的，因?yàn)槟阌胁煌目捶?，這給你機(jī)會去產(chǎn)生不同的影響。我們這代人有幸見證和參與了過去二三十年中國的歷史性的轉(zhuǎn)型。

我記得在九十年代，剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的我申請了一份在北京五星級酒店銷售部的工作。在日本經(jīng)理一個半小時的面試后，他最后說：“楊小姐，你有什么問題要問我嗎？”我鼓起勇氣，定定神然后問道：“您能告訴我銷售部到底銷售什么？”我對于五星級酒店的銷售部的職責(zé)一點(diǎn)都摸不著頭腦。那是我在五星級酒店的第一天。

同時，我和上千名大學(xué)女生參加了一場由中國中央電視臺舉辦的史無前例的公開選拔。制作人告訴我們他們想找一位可愛，天真，美麗的新面孔。當(dāng)輪到我時，我站起來說道，“為什么女孩在電視上必須是漂亮，甜美，無邪的，像個花瓶？為什么她們不能有她們的想法，她們自己的聲音？”

我想我一定得罪了評委。但是事實(shí)上，我的發(fā)言給他們留下了深刻的印象。接下來我進(jìn)入了第二輪的選拔，然后是第三輪，第四輪。在經(jīng)過七輪的選拔后，我勝出了。成為了一個國家電視臺黃金時段節(jié)目的主持人。

不管你們相不相信，那是中國電視上第一個節(jié)目可以允許主持人自由發(fā)揮而不是去讀審查后的稿子。這個節(jié)目的觀眾人數(shù)高達(dá)兩到三千萬。

幾年后，我決定去美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)進(jìn)修。之后我有了自己的傳媒公司，這是在我剛畢業(yè)的時候想都不敢想的。

我和我的團(tuán)隊(duì)做了很多事情。在過去的這些年，我采訪了上千人。有時候有年輕人走過來對我說：“楊瀾，你改變了我的生活?！蔽乙矠榇硕院?。

今天我想講講在社交媒體這個大舞臺上的年輕人 ted精彩演講：墜機(jī)讓我學(xué)到的三件事 imagine a big explosion as you climb through 3,000 ft.imagine a plane full of smoke.imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack.it sounds scary.想像一個大爆炸，當(dāng)你在三千多英尺的高空；想像機(jī)艙內(nèi)布滿黑煙，想像引擎發(fā)出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的聲響，聽起來很可怕。

well i had a unique seat that day.i was sitting in 1d.i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants.so i looked at them right away, and they said, no problem.we probably hit some birds.the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we werent that far.you could see manhattan.那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服員說話的人，于是我立刻看著他們，他們說，“沒問題，我們可能撞上鳥了。” 機(jī)長已經(jīng)把機(jī)頭轉(zhuǎn)向，我們離目的地很近，已經(jīng)可以看到曼哈頓了。two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time.the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river.thats usually not the route.he turns off the engines.now imagine being in a plane with no sound.and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words ive ever heard.he says, brace for impact.兩分鐘以后，三件事情同時發(fā)生：機(jī)長把飛機(jī)對齊哈德遜河，一般的航道可不是這樣。他關(guān)上引擎。想像坐在一架沒有聲音的飛機(jī)上。然后他說了幾個字，我聽過最不帶情緒的幾個字，他說，“即將迫降，小心沖擊?！? i didnt have to talk to the flight attendant anymore.i could see in her eyes, it was terror.life was over.我不用再問空服員什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐懼，人生結(jié)束了。now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day.現(xiàn)在我想和你們分享那天我所學(xué)到的三件事。i leant that it all changes in an instant.we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didnt, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the experiences i wanted to have and i never did.as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, collect bad wines.because if the wine is ready and the person is there, im opening it.i no longer want to postpone anything in life.and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life.在那一瞬間內(nèi)，一切都改變了。我們的人生目標(biāo)清單，那些我們想做的事，所有那些我想聯(lián)絡(luò)卻沒有聯(lián)絡(luò)的人，那些我想修補(bǔ)的圍墻，人際關(guān)系，所有我想經(jīng)歷卻沒有經(jīng)歷的事。之后我回想那些事，我想到一句話，那就是，“我收藏的酒都很差?！?因?yàn)槿绻埔殉墒欤窒韺ο笠灿?，我早就把把酒打開了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，這種緊迫感、目標(biāo)性改變了我的生命。the second thing i learnt that dayi thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, ive lived a good life.in my own humanity and mistaked, ive tired to get better at everything i tried.but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in.and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter.and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people.and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life.its not perfect, but its a lot better.ive not had a fight with my wife in 2 years.it feels great.i no longer try to be right;i choose to be happy.那天我學(xué)到的第二件事是，正當(dāng)我們通過喬治華盛頓大橋，那也沒過多久，我想，哇，我有一件真正后悔的事。雖然我有人性缺點(diǎn)，也犯了些錯，但我生活得其實(shí)不錯。我試著把每件事做得更好。但因?yàn)槿诵?，我難免有些自我中心，我后悔竟然花了許多時間，和生命中重要的人討論那些不重要的事。我想到我和妻子、朋友及人們的關(guān)系，之后，回想這件事時，我決定除掉我人生中的負(fù)面情緒。還沒完全做到，但確實(shí)好多了。過去兩年我從未和妻子吵架，感覺很好，我不再嘗試爭論對錯，我選擇快樂。that sadness really framed in one thought, which is, i only wish for one thing.i only wish i could see my kids grow up.我所學(xué)到的第三件事是，當(dāng)你腦中的始終開始倒數(shù)“15，14，13”，看到水開始涌入，心想，“拜托爆炸吧！” 我不希望這東西碎成20片，就像紀(jì)錄片中看到的那樣。當(dāng)我們逐漸下沉，我突然感覺到，哇，死亡并不可怕，就像是我們一生一直在為此做準(zhǔn)備，但很令人悲傷。我不想就這樣離開，我熱愛我的生命。這個悲傷的主要來源是，我只期待一件事，我只希望能看到孩子長大。

about a month later, i was at a performance by my daugterand please dont-but imagine, and how would you change? what would you get done that youre waiting to get done because you think youll be here forever? how would you change your relationtships and the negative energy in them? and more than anything, are you being the best parent you can? 我鼓勵今天要坐飛機(jī)的各位，想像如果你坐的飛機(jī)出了同樣的事，最好不要－但想像一下，你會如何改變？有什么是你想做卻沒做的，因?yàn)槟阌X得你有其它機(jī)會做它？你會如何改變你的人際關(guān)系，不再如此負(fù)面？最重要的是，你是否盡力成為一個好父母？ thank you.篇四：李世默ted演講稿(中英文)李世默ted：

中國崛起與“元敘事”的終結(jié) every kid needs a champion 每個孩子都需要一個冠軍演講稿中英對照： i have spent my entire life either at the schoolhouse, on the way to the schoolhouse, or talking about what happens in the schoolhouse.both my parents were educators, my maternal grandparents were educators, and for the past 40 years ive done the same thing.and so, needless to say, over those years ive had a chance to look at education reform from a lot of perspectives.some of those reforms have been good.some of them have been not so good.and we know why kids drop out.we know why kids dont learn.its either poverty, low attendance, negative peer influences.we know why.but one of the things that we never discuss or we rarely discuss is the value and importance of human connection, relationships.我這輩子，要么是在學(xué)校，要么在去學(xué)校的路上，要么是在討論學(xué)校里發(fā)生了什么事。我的父母都是教育家，我的外祖父母也都是搞教育的，過去40年我也在從事同樣的事業(yè)。所以，很顯然，過去的這些年里，我有機(jī)會從各個角度審視教育改革。一些改革是有成效的。而另一些卻收效甚微。我們知道孩子們?yōu)槭裁吹絷?duì)輟學(xué)。我們知道孩子們?yōu)槭裁磳W(xué)不下去。原因無非是貧窮，低出席率，同齡人的壞影響。我們知道為什么。但是我們從未討論或者極少討論的是人和人之間的那種聯(lián)系的價值和重要性，這就是“關(guān)系”。for years, i have watched people teach.i have looked at the best and ive look at some of the worst.a colleague said to me one time, they dont pay me to like the kids.they pay me to teach a lesson.the kids should learn it.i should teach it.they should learn it.case closed.一次有個同事跟我說，“我的職責(zé)不是喜歡那些孩子們。我的職責(zé)是教書。孩子們就該去學(xué)。我管教課，他們管學(xué)習(xí)。就是這么個理兒?！? well, i said to her, you know, kids dont learn from people they dont like.然后，我就跟她說，“你知道，孩子們可不跟他們討厭的人學(xué)習(xí)。”(laughter)(applause)（笑聲）（掌聲）

she said, thats just a bunch of hooey.她接著說，“一派胡言?！? and i said to her, well, your year is going to be long and arduous, dear.然后我對她說，“那么，親愛的，你這一年會變得十分漫長和痛苦?！? needless to say it was.some people think that you can either have it in you to build a relationship or you dont.i think stephen covey had the right idea.he said you ought to just throw in a few simple things, like seeking first to understand as opposed to being understood, simple things like apologizing.you ever thought about that? tell a kid youre sorry, theyre in shock.事實(shí)也果真如此。有些人認(rèn)為一個人或者天生可以建立一種關(guān)系或者不具有這種能力。我認(rèn)為stephen covey（美國教育家）是對的。他說你只需要做一些簡單的事情，比如試著首先理解他人，而不是想要被理解，比如道歉。你想過嗎？跟一個孩子說你很對不起，他們都驚呆了。

i taught a lesson once on ratios.im not real good with math, but i was working on it.and i got back and looked at that teacher edition.id taught the whole lesson wrong.(laughter)我有一次講比例。我數(shù)學(xué)不是很好，但是我當(dāng)時在教數(shù)學(xué)。然后我下了課，翻看了教師用書。我完全教錯了。（笑聲）so i came back to class the next day, and i said, look, guys, i need to apologize.i taught the whole lesson wrong.im so sorry.所以我第二天回到班上說，“同學(xué)們，我要道歉。我昨天的課都教錯了。我非常抱歉?！? they said, thats okay, ms.pierson.you were so excited, we just let you go.(laughter)(applause)他們說，“沒關(guān)系，pierson老師。你當(dāng)時教得非常投入，我們就讓你繼續(xù)了?！保ㄐβ暎ㄕ坡暎?/p>

i have had classes that were so low, so academically deficient that i cried.i wondered, how am i going to take this group in nine months from where they are to where they need to be? and it was difficult.it was awfully hard.how do i raise the self-esteem of a child and his academic achievement at the same time? 我曾經(jīng)教過程度非常低的班級，學(xué)術(shù)素養(yǎng)差到我都哭了。我當(dāng)時就想，我怎么能在9個月之內(nèi)把這些孩子提升到他們必須具備的水平？這真的很難，太艱難了。我怎么能讓一個孩子重拾自信的同時他在學(xué)術(shù)上也有進(jìn)步？ one year i came up with a bright idea.i told all my students, you were chosen to be in my class because i am the best teacher and you are the best students, they put us all together so we could show everybody else how to do it.有一年我有了一個非常好的主意。我告訴我的學(xué)生們，“你們進(jìn)了我的班級，因?yàn)槲沂亲詈玫睦蠋?，而你們是最好的學(xué)生，他們把我們放在一起來給其他人做個好榜樣?！? one of the students said, really?(laughter)一個學(xué)生說，“真的嗎？”（笑聲）i said, really.we have to show the other classes how to do it, so when we walk down the hall, people will notice us, so you cant make noise.you just have to strut.and i gave them a saying to say: i am somebody.i was somebody when i came.ill be a better somebody when i leave.i am powerful, and i am strong.i deserve the education that i get here.i have things to do, people to impress, and places to go.我說，“當(dāng)然是真的。我們要給其他班級做個榜樣，當(dāng)我們走在樓道里，因?yàn)榇蠹叶紩⒁獾轿覀?，我們不能吵鬧。大家要昂首闊步。” 我還給了他們一個口號：“我是個人物。我來的時候是個人物。我畢業(yè)的時候會變成一個更好的人物。我 很有力，很強(qiáng)大。我值得在這里受教育。我有很多事情要做，我要讓人們記住我，我要去很多地方?！?/p>

and they said, yeah!然后他們說：“是?。　?/p>

you say it long enough, it starts to be a part of you.如果你長時間的這么說，它就會開始變成事實(shí)。and so —(applause)i gave a quiz, 20 questions.a student missed 18.i put a +2 on his paper and a big smiley face.所以－（掌聲）我做了一個小測驗(yàn)，20道題。一個孩子錯了18道。我在他了卷子上寫了個“＋2”和一個大的笑臉。

he said, ms.pierson, is this an f? 他說，“pierson老師，這是不及格嗎？” i said, yes.我說，“是的?！?/p>

he said, then whyd you put a smiley face? 他接著說，“那你為什么給我一個笑臉？” i said, because youre on a roll.you got two right.you didnt miss them all.i said, and when we review this, wont you do better? 我說，“因?yàn)槟阏凉u入佳境。你沒有全錯，還對了兩個。

第四篇：TED演講

綠色未來（A Greener Future?）

大家好，我是Zach。從本周開始，我們將開展“TED演講主題介紹”系列，陸續(xù)為大家介紹TED演講的各類主題，方便大家更快地找到自己喜歡的TED演講。眾所周知，TED剛剛創(chuàng)辦時的焦點(diǎn)是集中在Technology（科技）, Entertainment（娛樂）和Design（設(shè)計(jì)）三方面。但隨著TED的成長和知名度的增加，TED演講所涵蓋的行業(yè)也越來越廣泛。為了確保讀者們不會在大量的演講中迷失了方向，TED網(wǎng)站貼心地將所有的演講分門別類，歸納到不同的主題中，既方便讀者們針對自己感興趣的內(nèi)容有選擇地觀看演講，也便于大家觀看和某一演講相關(guān)的其他內(nèi)容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地將已翻譯好的主題簡介帶給大家，并為大家推薦相關(guān)主題下的已翻譯演講、待翻譯演講和待校對演講。

本周為大家介紹的主題是–A Greener Future? 綠色未來

該主題在TED的網(wǎng)址是:

在TEDtoChina的網(wǎng)址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主題簡介

關(guān)于環(huán)境的辯論通常被定性為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和保護(hù)地球這兩種勢力間的較量。然而，大多數(shù)TED演講者堅(jiān)持魚和熊掌可以兼得的觀點(diǎn)——只要我們在處理環(huán)境問題時足夠聰明。

阿爾·戈?duì)栕鳛樾麄鳉夂蛭C(jī)的領(lǐng)軍人，堅(jiān)持人類可以通過細(xì)微處的改進(jìn)以在避免災(zāi)難的同時保持經(jīng)濟(jì)的活躍發(fā)展。建筑師威廉·麥克多納向人們展現(xiàn)了偉大設(shè)計(jì)的力量，它作用在整個文明體系上，而不僅僅是針對局部領(lǐng)域，并能持久地?fù)?dān)負(fù)起豐富的未來。馬約拉·卡特談及了她為曾陷入腐化的的紐約南布隆克斯區(qū)帶來綠色生機(jī)的工程。

愛德華·伯汀斯基關(guān)于環(huán)境損害和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的異常精致的攝影作品記錄了人類發(fā)展從未停滯的腳步。而生物學(xué)家愛德華·奧斯伯·威爾森向我們分享了他最大的心愿——人類社會團(tuán)結(jié)起來保護(hù)地球上的生命。

◎ 演講者推薦

阿爾·戈?duì)?Al Gore)：美國政治人物，曾于1993年至2001年間在比爾·克林頓掌政時擔(dān)任美國第四十五任副總統(tǒng)。其后升為一名國際上著名的環(huán)境學(xué)家，由

于在環(huán)球氣候變化與環(huán)境問題上的貢獻(xiàn)受到國際的肯定，因而與政府間氣候變化專門委員會共同獲得2007諾貝爾和平獎。

珍·古道爾(Jane Goodall)：英國生物學(xué)家、動物行為學(xué)家和著名動物保育人士。珍·古道爾長期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究，并取得豐碩成果。她的工作糾正了許多學(xué)術(shù)界對黑猩猩這一物種長期以來的錯誤認(rèn)識，揭示了許多黑猩猩社群中鮮為人知的秘密。除了對黑猩猩的研究，珍·古道爾還熱心投身于環(huán)境教育和公益事業(yè)，由她創(chuàng)建并管理的珍·古道爾研究會（國際珍古道爾協(xié)會）是著名民間動物保育機(jī)構(gòu)，在促進(jìn)黑猩猩保育、推廣動物福利、推進(jìn)環(huán)境和人道主義教育等領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了很多卓有成效的工作，由珍·古道爾研究會創(chuàng)立的根與芽是目前全球最活躍的面向青年的環(huán)境教育計(jì)劃之一。由于珍·古道爾在黑猩猩研究和環(huán)境教育等領(lǐng)域的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，她在 1995年獲英國女王伊麗莎白二世榮封為皇家女爵士，在2002年獲頒聯(lián)合國和平使者。

（演講者簡介來自維基百科）

◎ 部分已翻譯演講（簡體中文）推薦：

1.阿爾·戈?duì)栮P(guān)于避免氣候危機(jī)的演講

“此次演講流露出的幽默感和人道主義跟在他的紀(jì)錄電影”難以忽視的真相“如出一轍，戈?duì)栮U明了15種應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)立馬有效的方法而且簡單易行，從購買混合動力產(chǎn)品到發(fā)明新產(chǎn)品替代碳排放產(chǎn)品，使“全球溫室效應(yīng)”更加深入人心?！?/p>

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改變世界”（Worldchanging.com）網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)建人，他在這個演講中指出，減低人類生態(tài)足跡在當(dāng)下之意義尤為巨大，原因在于西方那一套生活方式將不能推廣到發(fā)展中國家，因?yàn)槟菢訉⑾拇罅康馁Y源。(因?yàn)槲鞣降哪且惶咨罘绞秸鸩酵茝V到發(fā)展中國家，進(jìn)一步加劇著資源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修復(fù)雨林

透過復(fù)雜的生態(tài)學(xué)，生物學(xué)家Willie Smits發(fā)掘一個重新植林的快捷方式，在婆羅洲救回了許多棲息于當(dāng)?shù)氐募t毛猩猩，進(jìn)而創(chuàng)造出一個得以修復(fù)脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的藍(lán)圖。

4.William McDonough 談「從搖籃到搖籃」理念

致力于環(huán)保的建筑師兼設(shè)計(jì)師 William McDonough 問，如果設(shè)計(jì)師心系所有子孫、所有物種、直到永遠(yuǎn)，我們的建筑及產(chǎn)品會是什么樣子？

5.查爾斯·摩爾：塑料充斥的海洋

查爾斯·摩爾船長是Algalita海洋研究基金會的創(chuàng)始人，他第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了大太平洋垃圾帶——一片無邊無際漂浮著塑料垃圾的海域?，F(xiàn)在，他為我們講述大海面臨的日益嚴(yán)重的塑料碎片污染問題。

◎ 待校對演講（簡體中文）推薦

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是這個星期的TED主題介紹。希望大家能從上面的演講中有所收獲。大家也可以點(diǎn)擊這里的網(wǎng)址來查看所有該主題下演講的翻譯進(jìn)度（簡體中文和繁體中文）。

如果大家對此專欄有何建議的話，歡迎大家在下面留言，或是電郵至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我們下期再見。

第五篇：Ted演講

Ralph Langner談21世紀(jì)電子武器Stuxnet揭密

關(guān)于這場演講

Stuxnet計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲于2010年首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)，帶來了令人費(fèi)解的謎團(tuán)。除了它不尋常且高度復(fù)雜的編碼以外，還隱藏著一個更令人不安的謎團(tuán)：它的攻擊目標(biāo)。Ralph Langner及其團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)助破解Stuxnet編碼，找出這個數(shù)字彈頭的最終攻擊目標(biāo)－以及其幕后源頭。經(jīng)使用計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字鑒識方法深入檢視后，他解釋了其運(yùn)作原理。

關(guān)于Ralph Langner

Ralph Langner是德國控制系統(tǒng)的安全顧問。他對Stuxnet惡意軟件的分析受到全球矚目。

為什么要聽他演講

Ralph Langner為獨(dú)立網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全公司Langner的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，專營控制系統(tǒng)－監(jiān)控和調(diào)控其它設(shè)備的電子裝置，如生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。這些裝置與運(yùn)作我們城市和國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有密切關(guān)系，這使它們逐漸成為一場新興且具高度復(fù)雜型態(tài)的電子戰(zhàn)爭攻擊目標(biāo)。自2010年起，當(dāng)Stuxnet計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲首次現(xiàn)身時，Langner堅(jiān)決地投身于這個戰(zhàn)場。

身為致力于譯碼這個神秘程序的一份子，Langner和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)分析Stuxnet的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，并找出他認(rèn)為其最終的攻擊目標(biāo)：運(yùn)行于核工廠離心機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)軟件－特別是伊朗的核工廠。Langner進(jìn)一步分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)Stuxnet可能的幕后源頭，并于TED2011演講中透露這個秘密。

Ralph Langner的英語網(wǎng)上資料

網(wǎng)站：Langner

[TED科技?娛樂?設(shè)計(jì)]

已有中譯字幕的TED影片目錄（繁體）（簡體）。請注意繁簡目錄是不一樣的。

Ralph Langner談21世紀(jì)電子武器Stuxnet揭密

Stuxnet計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲背后的想法其實(shí)很簡單，我們不希望伊朗造出原子彈，他們發(fā)展核武器的主要資產(chǎn)是納坦茲的濃縮鈾工廠，你們看到的灰色方塊是實(shí)時控制系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)在，如果我們設(shè)法破壞控制速度和閥門的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，我們事實(shí)上可以使離心機(jī)產(chǎn)生很多問題。這些灰色方塊無法執(zhí)行Windows軟件，兩者是完全不同的技術(shù)，但如果我們設(shè)法將一個有效的Windows病毒放進(jìn)一臺筆記本電腦里，由一位機(jī)械工程師操作，設(shè)定這個灰色方塊，那么我們就可以著手進(jìn)行了，這就是Stuxnet大致背景。

因此，我們從Windows釋放程序開始，讓病毒載體進(jìn)入灰色方塊中，破壞離心機(jī)，延遲伊朗的核計(jì)劃，任務(wù)完成，很簡單，對吧？我想說明我們是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)這個的，當(dāng)我們在半年前開始研究Stuxnet時，對這個東西的攻擊目標(biāo)一無所知，唯一了解的是它在Windows的部份非常、非常復(fù)雜，釋放程序部份使用多個零日漏洞，它似乎想要做些什么，用這些灰色方塊，這些實(shí)時控制系統(tǒng)，因此，這引起我們的注意，我們開始了一個實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃，我們用Stuxnet感染我們的系統(tǒng)并審視結(jié)果，然后一些非常有趣的事發(fā)生了。Stuxnet表現(xiàn)得像只白老鼠，不喜歡我們的奶酪，聞一聞，但不想吃。這根本沒道里。之后，我們用不同口味的奶酪進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，我意識到，哦，這是一個直接攻擊，完全直接的。釋放程序在這些灰

色方塊中有效的潛伏著，如果它發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個特定程序組態(tài)，甚至是它正試圖感染的程序，它都會確實(shí)針對這個目標(biāo)執(zhí)行，如果沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，Stuxnet就不起作用。

所以這真的引起了我的注意，我們開始進(jìn)行這方面的工作，幾乎日以繼夜，因?yàn)槲蚁?，好吧，我們不知道它的目?biāo)是什么，很可能的，比方說美國的發(fā)電廠，或德國的化工廠，所以我們最好盡快找出目標(biāo)。因此，我們抽出攻擊代碼并進(jìn)行反編譯，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它的結(jié)構(gòu)由兩個數(shù)字炸彈組成，一個較小、一個較大。我們也看到，這是非常專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)，由顯然知道所有內(nèi)幕信息的人編寫，他們知道所有必需攻擊的位和字節(jié)，搞不好他們還知道控制員的鞋子尺寸，因此他們什么都知道。

如果你曾聽過Stuxnet的釋放程序，是復(fù)雜、高科技的，讓我跟你們說明一下。病毒本身是很高科技沒錯，比我們曾見過的任何編碼都高深，這是這個實(shí)際攻擊代碼的樣本，我們談?wù)摰氖谴蟾?5,000行的代碼，看起來很像舊式的匯編語言。我想告訴你們的是，我們?nèi)绾文軌蚶斫膺@段代碼，所以，我們首先要尋找的是系統(tǒng)的函數(shù)調(diào)用，因?yàn)槲覀冎浪鼈兊淖饔檬鞘裁础?/p>

然后，我們尋找時間控制器和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖將其與真實(shí)世界連結(jié)起來，尋找現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的潛在目標(biāo)，因此我們必需進(jìn)行目標(biāo)推測，以便確認(rèn)或排除。為了找到推測目標(biāo)，我們想到，它必定具有絕對破壞性，必定是一個高價值目標(biāo)，最可能設(shè)置在伊朗，因?yàn)檫@是大部份感染發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。在這區(qū)域內(nèi)你不會找到幾千個目標(biāo)，基本上范圍可以縮小為布什爾核電廠及納坦茲濃縮鈾工廠。

所以我告訴我的助手，“列出我們客戶中所有離心機(jī)和核電廠專家的名單”，我打電話給他們，聽取他們的意見，努力用我們在代碼和數(shù)據(jù)中的發(fā)現(xiàn)與他們的專業(yè)知識做對照。這很有效，因此，我們找出了這個小數(shù)字彈頭與轉(zhuǎn)子控制的關(guān)聯(lián)，轉(zhuǎn)子是離心機(jī)內(nèi)部的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)零件，就是你們看到的這個黑色物體，如果控制這個轉(zhuǎn)子的速度，事實(shí)上你就能使轉(zhuǎn)子損壞，甚至最后使離心機(jī)爆炸。我們也看到了這次攻擊的目標(biāo)，實(shí)際上進(jìn)行的相當(dāng)緩慢、低調(diào)，顯然為了達(dá)成目標(biāo)，快把維修工程師逼瘋了，因?yàn)樗麄儫o法迅速找出答案。

這個大數(shù)字彈頭－我們做過嘗試，非常仔細(xì)檢查數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此，例如數(shù)字164在這些代碼中確實(shí)很突出，你不能忽視它。我開始研究科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，這些離心機(jī)如何在納坦茲組建，并找出它們的結(jié)構(gòu)，就是所謂的層級。每個層級由164臺離心機(jī)組成，這就說的通了，與我們的結(jié)果匹配。

而它甚至更有幫助。這些在伊朗的離心機(jī)細(xì)分為15種所謂的等級，你猜我們在攻擊代碼中發(fā)現(xiàn)什么？一個幾乎相同的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，同樣的，這與結(jié)果完美匹配，就我們所尋找的東西來說，這給了我們相當(dāng)大的信心。別誤解我的意思，不是像這樣彈指之間，為了獲致這些成果，歷經(jīng)幾星期相當(dāng)艱苦的奮斗，我們常常走進(jìn)死胡同，必需重新來過。

總之，我們找到了這兩個數(shù)字彈頭，實(shí)際上是針對同一個目標(biāo)，但從不同角度。小彈頭對準(zhǔn)一個層級，讓轉(zhuǎn)子加速旋轉(zhuǎn)然后急遽減速，而大彈頭影響六個層級并操縱閥門，總之，我們非常有信心，我們已經(jīng)確認(rèn)目標(biāo)是什么，是納坦茲，就只有納坦茲。因此，我們不必?fù)?dān)心其它目標(biāo)可能被Stuxnet攻擊。

我們看到一些非?？岬臇|西，真的讓我印象深刻。下方是灰色方塊，頂端你們看到的是離心機(jī)，這些東西所做的是攔截來自傳感器的輸入值，例如，來自壓力傳感器和振動傳感器的，它提供正常代碼，在攻擊中依然執(zhí)行，用的是假的輸入數(shù)

據(jù)。事實(shí)上，這個假的輸入數(shù)據(jù)是Stuxnet事先錄制的，因此，這就像來自好萊塢電影的搶劫過程中，監(jiān)視器被放入預(yù)錄的影片，酷吧？

這里的想法顯然不僅是愚弄控制室中的操作者，實(shí)際上更加危險且更具攻擊性，這個想法是規(guī)避數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)。我們需要數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)一位人類操作員的行動不夠快時，因此，例如在一座核電廠中，當(dāng)一臺大蒸汽渦輪機(jī)嚴(yán)重超速時，你必須在一毫秒內(nèi)打開泄壓閥。顯然，一位人類操作員辦不到，因此，這就是我們需要使用數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)之處。當(dāng)它們被破壞，真正糟糕的事就會發(fā)生了，你的工廠會爆炸，無論你的操作員或安全系統(tǒng)都無法注意到這一點(diǎn)，這很可怕。

但還會更糟。我要說的這些相當(dāng)重要，想想看，這種攻擊是一般性的，它沒什么特定性，對離心機(jī)來說，還有濃縮鈾，因此，它也會作用于，例如一座核電廠或一座汽車工廠，它是通用的，你不需要－身為攻擊者，你不需要藉由USB裝置傳遞這個病毒載體，如我們在Stuxnet例子中看到的，你也可以使用傳統(tǒng)的蠕蟲病毒技術(shù)的來散播，盡可能傳播四方。如果你這么做，最終它會變成具大規(guī)模破壞性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)武器，這是我們必然會面臨的后果。所以，不幸的是，這種攻擊最大量的目標(biāo)并不是在中東，而是在美國、歐洲和日本。因此，所有這些綠色區(qū)域就是遭受最多攻擊的目標(biāo)，我們必須面對這個后果，我們最好現(xiàn)在開始做準(zhǔn)備。

謝謝。

（掌聲）

Chris Anderson：我有個問題，Ralph，這件事已廣為人知，人們認(rèn)為摩薩德（以色列情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)）是幕后的主要推手，你也這么認(rèn)為嗎？

Ralph Langner：好，你真的想知道嗎？

Chris Anderson：是啊!

Ralph Langner：好，我的看法是，摩薩德有參與，但以色列并非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)勢力。因此，背后的主導(dǎo)力量是網(wǎng)絡(luò)超級大國，只有一個，就是美國。幸好、幸好，因?yàn)槿绻皇沁@樣，我們的問題可能更大。

CA：謝謝你嚇壞了美國人，謝謝Ralph。