第一篇：主謂一致專題)

主謂一致

主謂一致指的是主語(yǔ)和位于動(dòng)詞在“數(shù)”的方面一定要保持一致，而這種一致關(guān)系通常是由下列三種原則支配的

一、語(yǔ)法一致：主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，位于也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The library does not open until nine o’clock.The Great Wall draws numbers of tourists every year.The best reward I get from teaching is the joy of seeing my students grow and develop.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.二、意義一致原則：主語(yǔ)雖在語(yǔ)法形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)雖在語(yǔ)法形式上不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。Cattle are grazing peacefully on the pasture.The police have arrested a lot of suspects.Two miles is a long walk for the 80-year-old man.One thousand dollars is a large sum of money for the couple.Five pounds is enough.Twenty years is a long time on one’s life.三、就近原則：有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式是和它最近的詞（或詞組）保持一致的。Neither you nor I am right.Not only the boy but also his parents enjoy playing that game.Twenty percent of students are from Wuhan.Only half of the members agree with him.易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的地方：

一、集體名詞與以“s”結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致 1.people, cattle, police, poultry, militia, youth等形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

The police are questioning him.People often hear him telling about his experience in the Second World War.The militia are determined to fight the enemy to the finish.2.audience, committee, family, government, group, staff, team, public, class, crew, arm等若表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)成員或個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。His family are proud of him.His family is not very large.The audience burst into thunderous applause.A large audience was watching their performance.某些表示疾病的詞，如mumps, arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, diabetes等，以及某些表示游戲的詞，如cards, ninepins, darts, bowls, marbles, billiards, chequers等，它們?cè)谛问缴想m然是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。Sometimes mumps is rather dangerous.Arthritis is not a kind of infectious disease.Marbles is greatly enjoyed by the children here.Diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.4.某些以-ics 結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科的詞，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, linguistics, optics, electronics, acoustics等，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

Some students say physics is much more interesting than mathematics.I don’t think linguistics is difficult to learn.但當(dāng)這些詞不表示“學(xué)科”時(shí)，有時(shí)可當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。

Statistics show that the divorce rate in China is much higher than ten years ago.Politics have never interested her.5.以“s”結(jié)尾的國(guó)家、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但卻表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

Some people say the United States is a large “melting pot”.The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.但表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞常被看成是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。The Niagara Falls attracts tourists from many countries every year.The Rocky Mountains are vast and spectacular.6.某些表示由兩部分組成的物體的名詞在形式和意義上都是復(fù)數(shù)如：scissors, pants, trousers, shorts, glasses, spectacles, jeans等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。His glasses were broken this morning.Your trousers are in the wardrobe.另外還有一些常以“s”結(jié)尾的詞，如：contents, archives, arms, goods, suburbs, stairs, earnings, surroundings, belongings, particulars等也通常被看成是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The suburbs are more and more seriously polluted.The surroundings are very beautiful.All his belongings are in that big bag.二、表示數(shù)量概念的名詞（或詞組）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致

1.表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、重量等的名詞或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常把這些數(shù)量看成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Seven months is needed to translate this book into Chinese.Five hundred miles is a long distance.Where is the ten dollars I gave you yesterday? 2.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of?”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，如果of后面是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果of后面是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Two-thirds of the gasoline has been used.Over forty percent of the employees are women.Ninety percent of the wasteland has been turned into rice fields.Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.3.“all(half, most, some, the rest, none等）+of?”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，如果of后面是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后面是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。All of his energy has been used up.All of the restaurants are closed.Most of the oil is imported from Saudi Arabian.Most of the rubbish has been removed from the playground.4.“l(fā)ots（plenty, heaps, loads, scads等）+of?”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果of 后gender是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后跟的是不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Plenty of time has been spent on this experiment.Loads of friends have come to attend his wedding.Scads of money has been wasted in the past 2 years.5.當(dāng)“many a+名詞”或“more than one+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many a customer complains about the poor quality of the washing machines.More than one train was delayed.6.“a portion(series, pile, panel, kind, sort, type等)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（無(wú)論名詞時(shí)單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)）。A portion of the products is being inspected.A series of questions was asked by the students.A pile of reference books is on his desk.7.“a number(或numbers)of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但a great deal（an amount, a quantity)of +不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A large number of workers were dismissed.Numbers of houses were destroyed.A great deal of time has been wasted.但the number of ?作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式 The number of students is increasing.8.“an average(或total)of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。An average of 500 students graduate from this school every year.A total of 200 bicycles were sold last month.但the average（或total)of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式

The average of students who graduate from this school every year is 500.9.“a group(crowd, gang, flock, herd)of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。

A group of people was /were standing under the big tree.A gang of gunmen was/were robbing the jeweler's.A herd of cows was/were grazing there.三、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致

1.由and或both?and?連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，如果意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)。

Asia, Africa and Latin America make up the third world.Both families and society are responsible for juvenile delinquency.下面由and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)表面上是復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際上表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Chinese and America culture are quite different.What they have said and done are quite disappointing.當(dāng)each?and each?, every?and every?, no?and no?作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式

Each boy and each girl was given an apple.Every teacher and every student was looking at him.No bus and no taxi was found in the street.2.由or, either..or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also?連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Neither he nor I am able to get there in ten minutes.Not only he but also I am curious about this.Neither her husband nor the doctors have told her about her condition.3.由某些介詞或準(zhǔn)并列連詞連接的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與真正的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

常見(jiàn)的這類介詞有：with, along with, together with, besides, in addition to, except, but, like, including等，準(zhǔn)并列連詞有：as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than等。

Practical experience as well as formal education is considered very important in today’s job market.No one except hi relatives helps him.The bus driver, as much as the passengers, was very impatient.Jack, like many other children, often dreams of travelling in the space.The school, rather than the parents, is mainly responsible for the children’s safety.四、動(dòng)名詞、不定式和短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致

動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。To err is human.To learn three foreign languages at the same time is very difficult.Smoking is very harmful to one’s health.Walking is the easiest way to exercise.五、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致 名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)

Whether you go or not makes no difference to me.It’s quite obvious that they have nor received the letter.How the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed.六、there be? 句型中的主謂一致

be 動(dòng)詞的形式由它后面的主語(yǔ)決定，但當(dāng)be 動(dòng)詞后是并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，遵循就近原則，be動(dòng)詞的形式要與它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There are servants in the house.There is no water on the moon.There are a lot of spectators in the stadium.七、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式是由先行詞所決定的。That’s the young man who comes to the library every week.Yesterday they visited the palaces which were built 200 years ago.在one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語(yǔ)從句的句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)one 前有the或the only 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：

She is one of the few passengers who were not killed in the crash.This is the only one of the books which is worth reading.

第二篇：主謂一致練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west.Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.A.running;that B.run;who C.running;who D.run;that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A.where B.when C.which D.how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.A.that the little girl asks him B.the little girl asks him to C.for the little girl to ask him D.what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy.I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.A.which B.in which C.of which D.whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.where C.which D.whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.A.which B.what C.that D.when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.A.as B.when C.until D.before 11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.We must unify it.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.A.when, which B.that, which C.which, that D.when, that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A.that which B.one that C.that of which D.this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.A.that B.what C.which D.as 15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all whose homes B.all of whose homes C.all their homes D.all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A.who B.when C.on which D.which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where

18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A.that B.as C.which D.and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.A.that B.this C.which D.same 答案與解析：

1.A.主語(yǔ)與run(延伸)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.B.因?yàn)樵诖祟}中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當(dāng)。3.A.因?yàn)橄刃性~是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

4.B.答案B是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句，另外，to后還省略了動(dòng)詞原形paint。5.C.因?yàn)閛f which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D.因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內(nèi)容。

7.B.因?yàn)楸硎尽半A段、程度、地步”的the point在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用where引導(dǎo)定

語(yǔ)從句。8.B.因?yàn)橄刃性~是research centers并在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用where。

9.C.因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)，多用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

10.因?yàn)橄刃性~是the time，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用when引導(dǎo)。此題的先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句被主句謂語(yǔ)分開(kāi)了，要善于辨別。11.B.先行詞是Taiwan is a part of China整個(gè)主句，一般由as或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which沒(méi)有，所以用as。順便說(shuō)說(shuō)，原句改為：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is?= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is?

12.A.兩空都是考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞分別是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用when引導(dǎo)；后句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能用that，要用which。13.A.因?yàn)樘娲豢蓴?shù)名詞(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因?yàn)橄刃性~that(the bread)在定語(yǔ)從句中作buy的賓語(yǔ)，用which，所以選A。14.D.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有such, so, as等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，由as引導(dǎo)，并且as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，as在此題中作dream of的賓語(yǔ)。注意：在表示“如此?以致?”的such /so?that?結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B.考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他們所有的房子。16.D.因?yàn)橄刃性~是前面整個(gè)句子，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用which。of course是插入語(yǔ)。17.D.將疑問(wèn)句改為陳述句：this research center is?顯然缺少先行詞，必須加上代詞the one來(lái)作先行詞，又因定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where。假若在this后加the，就選where，請(qǐng)想想這是為什么。18.A.因?yàn)橄刃性~是the days，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。19.B.當(dāng)先行詞前有so時(shí)，用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，請(qǐng)想想這是為什么。

20.C.因前后均的句子，必須要選連詞，排除B和D；又因在介詞后不能用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從 主謂一致練習(xí)

1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is B.are/are C.is/are D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years

B.are/year old C.is/years old D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play

B.are playing C.plays D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are

B.has C.have

D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are

B.is C.were

D.be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is

B.are

C.was D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking

B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/their

C.will buy the book/one's

D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are B.is stayed

C.is

D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left

B.the train had left

C.the train was found left

D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands

B.standing

C.which stands D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will

B.was

C.is

D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are

B.I am

C.as I am D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are

B.is

C.were D.was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours?

-Yes.Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you

B.is not long enough for you

C.was not long enough for you

D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed

B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed

D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is

B.they are

C.this

D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting

D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were

B.were eaten/was

C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her

B.is hers C.are hers

D.are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have

B.are said to have

C.is said to be

D.are said to be

22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A.sheep;grass;leaves

B.sheeps grasses

leaves

C.sheep;grass leaf

D.sheeps grass leafs

23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows

B.cows cattle C.cattle cows

D.cow, cattles

24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree

B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree

25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own

26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes

D.woman write

27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive

B.two hours` drive

C.two hour drive

D.two hours drive

28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher

B.fathers are teachers

C.father are teachers

D.fathers are teacher

29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred

B.are occurred

C.occurs

D.occur

30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or

B.The offices and C.Both the office and

D.The office and

31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished

32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.be

33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of

B.A great many

C.A large number of

D.Many

34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out

B.are sold out

C.was sold out D.were sold out

35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has B.have C.is D.are

36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is

B.are, are

C.are is

D.is are

37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied C.studies D.study

39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will

D.may

40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been

C.All has

D.All that ,has been

41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are

B.is C.has

D.have

42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching

B.were searching for

C.are searching

D.was searching for

43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it

B.are it

C.are them D.is them

44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years

B.are years C.is year

D.are year

45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are

B.have C.has

D.is

46.______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are

B.Two yuan are

C.Two yuans is

D.Two yuan is

47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen

B.is seen

C.see

D.sees

48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to

polluting

B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted

D.is used to ,being polluted

49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.passengers has his own room

50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has

第三篇：主謂一致講稿

英語(yǔ)主謂一致的三個(gè)原則

1.形式一致的原則

即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就復(fù)數(shù)形式：如：

(1)He likes skating in winter.他喜歡冬天滑冰。(2)They don’t live here.他們不住這里。2.意義一致的原則

即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。英語(yǔ)中，有些名詞或代詞形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上可能是復(fù)數(shù)，這時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式就須依據(jù)名詞或代詞的意義決定。如：

(1)People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人們看到我們隊(duì)贏了比賽時(shí)都非常高興。

(2)His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家時(shí)，他家的人在看電視。(3)Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我們班的同學(xué)都在努力工作以便是我們班成為優(yōu)秀班。

3.鄰近一致的原則

英語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)幾個(gè)名詞或代詞有某些此連接起來(lái)一起作句子的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式就須有與之最接近的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)決定。如：

(1)There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房間里有一張辦公桌和五把椅子。(2)There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房間里有五把椅子和一張辦公桌。(3)Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾將被派到那里去。(4)Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你將被派到那里去還是李蕾將被派到那里去？

英語(yǔ)主謂一致詳解

1.代詞做主語(yǔ)

A．主語(yǔ)是he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Everyone is here.大家都來(lái)了。

(2)There is something wrong with my bike.沒(méi)有的單車有點(diǎn)毛病。

B．主語(yǔ)是I(除be 動(dòng)詞用am外), you, we, they代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1)I like to stay here with you.我喜歡跟你在這兒。(2)They are all soldiers.他們都是戰(zhàn)士。

C．主語(yǔ)是：who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依具體情況而定。如：

(1)Who’s the girl over there? 那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？

(2)Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戲的男孩子是哪些人？(3)What’s this? 這是什么？(4)What are those? 哪些是什么？(5)Which is yours? 哪一個(gè)是你的？(6)Which are children’s? 哪一些是孩子們的？(7)What’s under the tree? 樹(shù)下有什么？(8)All is right.一切順利。

(9)All are present.所有人都到齊了。

2.名詞做主語(yǔ)

A.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，不可數(shù)名詞及可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1)Water is necessary for living things.水對(duì)于生物來(lái)說(shuō)是必須的。(2)The dog is a useful animal.狗是一種有用的動(dòng)物。

B.表示總稱意義只能單數(shù)形式作復(fù)數(shù)用的集合名詞people 人們, cattle 牛, police，youth年輕人，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)English people are fond of talking about weather.英國(guó)人喜歡談?wù)撎鞖狻?2)Cattle are farmers’ friends.牛是農(nóng)民的朋友。

只能作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞如mankind 人類, furniture 家具, clothing 衣服, machinery總稱的機(jī)械，equipment（設(shè)備）等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

(1)The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory.(2)All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong.C.主語(yǔ)是集合名詞：army（軍隊(duì)）, audience（觀眾、聽(tīng)眾）, board（委員會(huì)）, class, committee（委員會(huì)）, crew（全體隊(duì)員、船員、機(jī)組人員等）, family, firm（公司）, government（政府）, group（組、群）, public（公眾）, team, staff（全體工作人員）, union（聯(lián)盟）等時(shí)，如果是作為整體的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Our class is made up of fifty students.我們班有五十個(gè)學(xué)生組成。(2)Our class are working very hard.我們班的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。(3)His team is very strong.他們隊(duì)很強(qiáng)大。

(4)His team are talking with the coach.他們隊(duì)在跟教練談話。(5)His family isn't very large.他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。

(6)His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。

D.主語(yǔ)是以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞表示的是學(xué)科或國(guó)家時(shí)： politics, physics, mathematics（數(shù)學(xué)）politics（政治學(xué)），economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Physics is very interesting and useful.物理既很有趣也很有用。

(2)The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries.聯(lián)合國(guó)由100多個(gè)國(guó)家組成。

E.主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)對(duì)稱部分組成的事物時(shí)：clothes, compasses(圓規(guī)), glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves，它們單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修飾時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

(1)The trousers are not expensive.這條褲子不貴。(2)Your socks are over there.你的襪子在那邊。

F.主語(yǔ)是：goods, arms（武器），clothes（衣服），thanks（感謝）等通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)在句子里的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)All the goods were shipped from America.(2)All the arms you want have been prepared.G.主語(yǔ)是：works（工廠）, series(系列), means, data(資料數(shù)據(jù)), sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等其單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依照它們?cè)诰渲械囊饬x來(lái)確定。如：

(1)That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.（這位日本人已來(lái)過(guò)中國(guó)20次了。）(2)Those Japanese are visitors to our university.（那些日本人是到我們大學(xué)來(lái)參觀的客人。）注意：Chinese, Japanese這樣的詞不僅可做名詞，還可和定冠詞一起連用，表示“……一類人”，是種集合名詞的表達(dá)形式。因此，用于后者時(shí)，其動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不能取決于內(nèi)容，而是一定要用復(fù)數(shù)。

(3)The Japanese are united.日本人很團(tuán)結(jié)。

H.主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間、距離、金錢、價(jià)格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語(yǔ)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的這種詞有：years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等。如：

(1)Three years passes quickly.三年很快過(guò)去了。

(2)Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book.20元不夠買這本書。(3)There are twenty dollars on the desk.桌上有20元。

I.主語(yǔ)若是書名，劇名、報(bào)刊、雜志名稱或單位名稱時(shí)，即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)The Arabian Nights is very interesting.《一千零一夜》很有趣。

(2)The New York Times is popular in America.《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》在美國(guó)很受歡迎。J.在算式里，主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞時(shí)，加法和乘法的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)皆可；而減法和除法的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。如：

(1)Three and five is/are eight.三加五等于八。(2)Twelve divided by six is two.十二除以六等于二。

K.主語(yǔ)里面有：a lot of, lots of, plenty, half of, part of, most of, a portion of, 分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù)of +名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依照名詞的數(shù)而確定（一個(gè)形容詞性詞組修飾主語(yǔ)的中心部分）。如：

(1)A lot of people have taken part in the activity.很多人參加了這次活動(dòng)。(2)Lots of water is lost.大量的水被流失了。

(3)Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities.(4)Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river.主語(yǔ)是：kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的數(shù)而確定。（名詞性詞組，一般主語(yǔ)就是它，A of B）如：

(1)This pair of trousers was made by Master Li.這條褲子是李師傅做的。

(2)A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted.這個(gè)海里大量的水被污染了。(3)Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood.大量的莊稼在洪水中被毀壞了。在一些短語(yǔ)，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than? of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。

Many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過(guò)這本書。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。L.主語(yǔ)是：the number of + 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如： The number of students in our class is seventy-eight.我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)是七十八。主語(yǔ)是：a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

A number of students of our school come from the countryside.我們學(xué)校很多學(xué)生來(lái)自農(nóng)村。M.主語(yǔ)是：the population時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1)What is the population of your town? 你們鎮(zhèn)的人口多少？

(2)The population of America is a little over two hundred million.美國(guó)人口數(shù)大約是兩億多一點(diǎn)。主語(yǔ)是：分?jǐn)?shù) + population時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers.我們國(guó)家大約有百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。

N.A)every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything在句中做限定詞限定一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，后面的謂語(yǔ)一律用單數(shù)。做限定詞加of時(shí)，后面的名詞或代詞都應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)卻用單數(shù)。即使有定語(yǔ)從句，其主句、從句謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)。(1)Either of them isn't going to give up their chance of education.（他們兩個(gè)都不想放棄受教育的權(quán)利。）

(2)Each one of us who is now living is destined to witness remarkable scientific discoveries.（現(xiàn)在活著的人一定會(huì)見(jiàn)到偉大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。）

B)限定詞加名詞做主語(yǔ)：all, any, many, more, most, some, none, half,的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所修飾的名詞。

a)all, any, many, more, most, some修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù)；當(dāng)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。例：All of the world is against wars.（全世界都反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。）

There is some girl at the telephone who wants to speak to you.（有個(gè)女孩打電話來(lái)，找你。）b)all, any, many, more, most, some加復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例：All roads lead to Rome.（條條大路通羅馬。）There are scarcely any flies left.（幾乎沒(méi)有什么蒼蠅了。）

c)all, any, many, more, most, some修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

例：If there is any trouble, please don't hesitate to turn to me.（如果有什么困難，請(qǐng)立刻來(lái)找我。）More experience is essential for getting a higher position.（要得到更高的職位，重要的是要有更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）

3.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞連在一起做主語(yǔ)(一)and, both...and 連接名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ) A．謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English.李蕾和魏方都對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。(2)He and she are good friends.他跟她是好朋友。

B．a(chǎn)nd 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞，如fork and knife（一套刀叉）, bread and butter（涂黃油的面包片，基本生活所需品）；soda and water（小蘇打水）；aim and end(終極目標(biāo))等，雖有and 連接，但仍表示單一的概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪兒？

(2)Fish and chips is a popular supper here.炸魚土豆片在這里是一種很受歡迎的晚餐。(3)The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.鋼鐵工業(yè)于我們生活很重要。

C．a(chǎn)nd 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若是指同一個(gè)人, 即： and前的名詞前有冠詞,而and后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school.(2)The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school.D．a(chǎn)nd所連接的連個(gè)名詞前分別有: every, each, no, many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Every hour and every minute is important.每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很重要。

(2)Many a teacher and(many a)student has spoken at the meeting.在會(huì)上，很多老師和學(xué)生發(fā)言。(二)主語(yǔ)是：連接詞or, either?or?, neither?nor?, whether?or?, not?but?, not only?but also?等連接的名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須跟與之最接近的名詞或代詞決定（就近原則）。如：

(1)Neither he nor you are to blame.他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。(2)Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備嗎？(3)Not only the nurses but also the doctor is coming to the meeting.not only A but also B(強(qiáng)調(diào)B)= A as well as B(強(qiáng)調(diào)A), not only...but also...是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，的確采用就近原則，但是，as well as...就其本質(zhì)而言是個(gè)短語(yǔ)介詞，與其賓語(yǔ)形成完整的介詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，不影響句子的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以，不采用就近原則。

Not only..., but also...這個(gè)句型用于表示“不僅...，而且...”也可以用于倒裝句型。

倒裝的時(shí)候，not only+倒裝，but also+正常語(yǔ)序。

(4)Not only did I go to the park ,but also I went to the forbidden City.我不僅去過(guò)公園，我也去過(guò)北京故宮。

(三)主語(yǔ)是：介詞in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與這些詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。“主語(yǔ) + 后置定語(yǔ)”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只看主語(yǔ)，不看后置定語(yǔ)部分。如：

(1)At the meeting, one in four is against the decision.會(huì)上由四分之一的人反對(duì)這一決議。(2)The teacher with his students is discussing a question.老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻搯?wèn)題。(3)He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

(四)one and a half + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，即名詞超過(guò)一，但不滿二時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

One and a half oranges is enough for the baby.這個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)半桔子就夠了。

(五)many a + 名詞單數(shù)；more than one + 名詞單數(shù)；a + 名詞單數(shù) + or two等做句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Many a student is interested in English movies.很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)電影感興趣。

(2)A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.一兩個(gè)工人將被派往國(guó)外去工作。(六)one or two +名詞復(fù)數(shù)做句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.在你的作文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一兩個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤 4.The + 形容詞做主語(yǔ)

A．The + 形容詞指人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指具有形容詞性質(zhì)的一個(gè)群體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich.過(guò)去，窮人常被富人瞧不起。(2)The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.傷員在醫(yī)院受到了很好的照護(hù)。B．The + 形容詞指抽象概念做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：(1)The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必須辨明。5.主語(yǔ)是句子、短語(yǔ)

A．主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Reading is of much help for learning a language.閱讀對(duì)學(xué)語(yǔ)言很有幫助。

(2)To keep on doing morning exercises is good.(= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises.)

堅(jiān)持做早操很有好處。

如果主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或以上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)并列出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1)Reading and speaking is of much help for learning a language.閱讀對(duì)學(xué)語(yǔ)言很有幫助。B．主語(yǔ)是從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，如：

(1)Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned.他昨天為什么沒(méi)來(lái)正在詢問(wèn)之中。

(2)Where we can get so much money is still a problem.我們到哪里去弄這么多錢還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。但what，who引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)指具體的東西或人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式必須根據(jù)具體的意思而定。如：

What I want are these things.Who I am going to meet are Tom and Mike.C．定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟先行詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。如：

(1)The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister.在臺(tái)上講話的那個(gè)女孩是張力的姐姐。

(2)The children that are playing games over there are from Guangdong.在那邊做游戲的孩子們是廣東人。

注意：在“one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，如：

(1)Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English.李蕾是英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好的學(xué)生之一。(2)Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.艾利斯是唯一的一個(gè)來(lái)美國(guó)的女孩。D．there be結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞的形式由緊接近be后面的名詞的形式所決定。如：

(1)There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom.教室里有一個(gè)老師和七十個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有七十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)老師。

如果句子是由here引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。(1)Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.E．在某些虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)，be動(dòng)詞總是為were的形式。如：

(1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.要是我是一只鳥(niǎo)，我將自由自在地在天空飛翔。(2)If he were here, I would talk to him face to face.如果他在這里，我將面對(duì)面地跟他談。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致

主謂一致

Step1 定義

1.語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。

2.意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致。eg.I am seventeen.She is sixteen.There is a desk in the room.There are no chairs in it.They have not come yet.Step2.Rules

1.例句

? is the biggest city in China.? lies in North America.? is read all over china.? plays an important part in the world affairs.歸納：表示國(guó)家、城市、人名、書名、報(bào)紙、雜志及組織等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)，通常作為整體看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

2.例句

? is a professor from a university.? plays an important part in our national economy ? has come to the meeting.? do not agree.? were over there.歸納: And 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)，若and前后的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。若指的是不同的人或物，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

3.例句

? are twin sisters.? were surprised when they heard the news.? was in the room.? likes it.歸納：由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如在分詞前由

every, each, no, many a時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

4.例句

? was in the classroom.? was getting on the bus.? is to blame.? Mr.Smith, his wife and children, is arriving in Beijing next

Monday.歸納：由with, together with, as well as, besides, except, along with, including, rather than等連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)第一個(gè)名詞來(lái)判斷。

5.例句

? is a large one with seven members.? ?is a big one.? 歸納：集合名詞做主語(yǔ)，若表示整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，若表示集體中的成員時(shí)

謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

6.例句

?is a long distance.? is a large sum of money.? is a long time.歸納：有些表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、金錢、距離等的名詞可以作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

7.例句

?have been tried.? has been tried.? is at the other end of the town.? were closed for lack of raw material.歸納：有些單復(fù)數(shù)同型的名詞，要根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。

8.例句

? Walking on the moon is very difficult.? What he said is wrong.? To walk with him is a great pleasure.? Smoking is harmful to people’s health.歸納：動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

9.例句

?are taken good care of in our village.? were sent to hospital immediately.? are for the plan, but the poor are against it.?gives pleasure to all.歸納：定冠詞the 加上某些形容詞，如the rich, the wounded, the old, the dead, the

sick 等表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。表示一類物，用單數(shù)。

10.例句

? am to go.?is wholly right.? am going to be punished for playing computer games

after school.歸納：當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接時(shí)，謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

11.例句

? is a computer and many books for you.? were many pictures of him on the wall.歸納：Here, there 引導(dǎo)的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用就近原則。

12.例句

?is covered with water.? were bad.歸納：分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面的名詞來(lái)判斷。若名詞為

可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

13.例句

? None of them has arrived yet at the area.? None of them have arrived yet.? Neither of them knows the answers.? Neither of them know the answers.歸納：代詞none, neither 有時(shí)作單數(shù)看，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要 根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思來(lái)判斷。

14.例句

? have been to shanghai.? has been to shanghai.歸納：“One of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 后的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，而“the(only/very)one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

15.例句

? Everyone is here.? Everything is ready.歸納：Everybody, everyone, someone ,nobody, everything, nothing, something等

不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

Step3.Exx.1.Mike and John’s __________.A.father is a teacherB.fathers are teachers

C.father are teacherD.fathers are teachers

2.Three fourths of the homework ________ today.A.has finishedB.has been finished

C.have finishedD.have been finished

3.Jane is the only one of the best students in her class who _______ by their teacher.A.are praisedB.is praisedC.praiseD.praised

4.The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.A.are listening toB.is listening toC.are listening D.is listening

5.The United States of America___one of the most developed countries in the world.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

6.Nobody_______to smoke in the cinema.A.allowsB.allowC.is allowedD.are allowed

7.Mary as well as her sisters______Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.is studying D.study

8.I, who_______your teacher,will try my best to help you with your study.A.beB.amC.areD.is

9.The rich _______ not always happy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have

10.Many a man ______ come to help me.A.haveB.hasC.doesD.had

11.No one but her parents _______ it.A.knowB.knowsC.is knowingD.are knowing

單元檢測(cè)

一． 單詞拼寫

1.The old man came in, with two young men ______（攙扶）his body.2.Flying across the high mountain for the first time is a great a___________.3.Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r________ by all the

people in her country.4.________（鑒于）his age, he did it quite well.5.His first song was __________（給予靈感）by the memory of his mother.二． 完成句子

6.She worked hard to _______ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ not to use them.她努力工作讓盡可能多的國(guó)家同意不再使用他們。

7.But the evening _______ _______ all __________.但是到傍晚時(shí)分我們覺(jué)得這一切都是值得的。

8.________ unusual _________ __________ in the forest.對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)住進(jìn)大森林是一件稀罕的事。

9.Why not study a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and ______ __ her good work?

為什么不像林巧稚一樣在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)然后繼續(xù)她高尚的工作呢？

10.They are _______ ________ ________ to learners of English.他們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人很有幫助。

三． 單項(xiàng)選擇

11.It can be said that reaching the agreement so quickly was a great ____ for the

meeting

A.appointmentB.achievementC.progressD.accident

12.----What are the students _____ about?

-----Whether Senior Three students should join in the coming school sports meet.A.quarrelingB.inspiringC.fightingD.arguing

13.______ the stars carefully, and you will find that they are not shining themselves..A.ObserveB.NoticeC.Glance atD.Mind

14.Although there are many _____ programs on TV, I think it’s wise of you not to

sit watching too much.A.worthB.worthwhileC.meaninglessD.sensible

15.Actually, the newly-published English magazine is not _______ to enlarge vocabulary.A.intendedB.instructedC.writtentD.translated

16.______ with so many fans of the famous Super Girl, the stadium is hard for us to enter.A.CrowdingB.To be crowdedC.CrowdedD.Crowded out

17.It’s my daily duty to have the English newspapers ______ to the senior students.A.printedB.publishedC.deliveredD.advertised

18.I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle when a good idea ___ me.A.attackedB.beatC.caughtD.hit

19.It was foolish of him to _____ his notes during that important test, and as a result,he got punished.A.stick toB.refer toC.keep toD.point to

20.In a way, I think we both won---I won the game, but you won my _______.A.supportB.favourC.respectD.impression

21.Greatly _____, the students made up their minds to carry _____ the experiment.A.inspiring;outB.inspired;on

C.having inspired;throughD.to be inspired;away

22.----What is his suggestion?

-----Just guess the meaning of it whenever you _____ a new word in reading.A.come intoB.come atC.come acrossD.come about

23.______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will

always be in demand.A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If

24.-----Anything different today?

-----Er, no teacher and no student______ absent today, which means all _______ present at the meeting.A.are;areB.was;wereC.were;wasD.is;is

25.-----Am I free to run around here?

-------_______.Don’t you know the school rules?

A.Behave yourselfB.Believe in yourself

C.Cheer upD.Never mind

第五篇：高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語(yǔ)法形式上的一致

主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意義上一致

1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原則

即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如用連詞or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用 1．名詞作主語(yǔ)

1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名詞population一詞的使用情況類似?！癮 group(crowd)of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語(yǔ)之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。

2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主語(yǔ)有more than one…或many a…構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語(yǔ)this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當(dāng)它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒(méi)有以上修飾詞時(shí)，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。

11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語(yǔ)，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)

1）用and或both…and連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代詞作主語(yǔ)

1）名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種情況：

單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。

但后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)

1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短語(yǔ)in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

5．名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)

如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別，則用單數(shù)。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．從句作主語(yǔ)

1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞++who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。如：

She was the only one of the girls who was late.