第一篇：句子改錯主謂一致

SAT 文法中的主謂一致

根據ＳＡＴ歷年真題以及官方指南習題，主謂一致的句子改錯題又可以分為五大類：１ 迷失主語 ２ 復合主語 ３ 單數原則 ４ 關系從句 ５ 倒裝結構

１ 迷失主語：

即修飾主語的成份過長，難以辨別真正主語。因此很難判斷謂語動詞的形式。例一 A group of yachts with brightly colored banners flying in the wind were entering the harbor.在這個句子中很少有同學能夠認識到真正的主語是a group，yachts with brightly colored banners 以及flying in the wind都是對其修飾的成份。因此根據主謂一致原則，謂語動詞應用單數 was entering 而非were entering。

在這里Sally 告訴大家，SAT文法中經常有 名詞一 of 名詞二 的結構，在這樣的結構中，核心名詞是 of 之前的名詞一，判斷謂語動詞要用 單數還是復數是根據名詞一來決定。

例二 French mountain honey made from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called ‘lime blossoms’, have a distinctively citrus flavor.在這里真正的主語是 honey，和謂語動詞之間相隔了一個分詞短語：made from liden blossoms 和一個定語從句： which are sometimes called ‘lime blossoms’,因此謂語動詞應該用單數 has 而非have。

例三 Despite the heavy rain, the television reporter, accompanied by her loyal film crew, were willing to wait outside the hotel until the delegates finished their meeting.該句中，主語和謂語動詞之間有一個插入語：accompanied by her loyal film crew, 真正的主語 the television reporter, 因此謂語動詞為 was 而非were

2、復合主語： 顧名思義，復合主語就是有兩個或者兩個以上的主語，這是我們應該跟不同的復合主語選用不用的謂語動詞。

一般情況下復合主語有以下幾種情況： A． both…and…(謂語動詞使用復數)B． neither…nor;either….or;not only…but also….(謂語動詞根據就近原則選用相應形式)例一 Our genetic make-up and our personal experience make us who we are.在這個句子中，降到了 genetic make-up 和 personal experience 兩個方面做主語，因此謂語動詞應該使用復數形式 make。

例二 Either a novel by Isaac Asimov or one by Arthur C.Clarke are going to be discussed at the next meeting of the Science Fiction Book Club.該句主語是一個either…or 的句型結構，要根據就近原則決定謂語動詞單復數，因此應該是is going 而非are going。永遠單數原則

有些詞語修飾主語，謂語動詞永遠使用單數。這些詞為：each，every，either of;neither of 例： Because neither of the dolls were in its original box, the pair would not be worth as much as

the toy collector had hoped.因為詞句用了neither of 的結構，因此謂語動詞要用單數 was 而非were，盡管dolls 緊跟謂語動詞。關系從句中的單復數 關系從句又叫定語從句，意思是定語從句中的謂語動詞形式由此從句所修飾的名詞單復數決定。

例一： Thanks to the strength of the bonds between its constituent carbon atoms, a diamond had exceptional physical properties that makes it useful in a wide variety of industrial applicants.該句包含一個定語從句_ that makes it useful in a wide variety of industrial applicants.該從句中的that 指代的是physical properties 是復數名詞，因此定語從句中的謂語動詞應用復數形式 為 make 而非makes 倒裝

倒裝意為著謂語動詞放在主語之前，謂語動詞的單復數形式由放在其后的主語決定。例一：Over that hill are thousand of bison.該句中介詞短語 over that hill 不能做主語，因此該句為倒裝句，真正的主語是thousand of bison，因此謂語動詞為復數形式：are。

例二：Riding on the bus were a dozen commuters.句子里面 a dozen commuters 是主語，謂語動詞用were

例三： Across the street from the new bookstore and coffee shop were an old, dilapidated playground whose broken equipment and overgrown weeds attested to long neglect.不難看出，這是一個介詞短語提前的倒裝，真正的主語是 an old，dilapidated playground，謂語動詞當然要用單數形式：was。

第二篇：英語語法主謂一致

主謂一致

Step1 定義

1.語法形式上要一致，即單復數形式與謂語要一致。

2.意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式上一致。eg.I am seventeen.She is sixteen.There is a desk in the room.There are no chairs in it.They have not come yet.Step2.Rules

1.例句

? is the biggest city in China.? lies in North America.? is read all over china.? plays an important part in the world affairs.歸納：表示國家、城市、人名、書名、報紙、雜志及組織等專有名詞作主語，通常作為整體看，謂語動詞用單數

2.例句

? is a professor from a university.? plays an important part in our national economy ? has come to the meeting.? do not agree.? were over there.歸納: And 連接兩個名詞做主語，若and前后的名詞指的是同一個人或物，謂語用單數。若指的是不同的人或物，謂語用復數。

3.例句

? are twin sisters.? were surprised when they heard the news.? was in the room.? likes it.歸納：由and連接的兩個單數名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復數。如在分詞前由

every, each, no, many a時，謂語動詞用單數。

4.例句

? was in the classroom.? was getting on the bus.? is to blame.? Mr.Smith, his wife and children, is arriving in Beijing next

Monday.歸納：由with, together with, as well as, besides, except, along with, including, rather than等連接兩個名詞作主語，謂語動詞根據第一個名詞來判斷。

5.例句

? is a large one with seven members.? ?is a big one.? 歸納：集合名詞做主語，若表示整體時謂語用單數，若表示集體中的成員時

謂語用復數。

6.例句

?is a long distance.? is a large sum of money.? is a long time.歸納：有些表示時間、數量、金錢、距離等的名詞可以作為一個整體來對待，謂語動詞用單數。

7.例句

?have been tried.? has been tried.? is at the other end of the town.? were closed for lack of raw material.歸納：有些單復數同型的名詞，要根據意思決定謂語動詞的形式。

8.例句

? Walking on the moon is very difficult.? What he said is wrong.? To walk with him is a great pleasure.? Smoking is harmful to people’s health.歸納：動名詞、不定式或從句做主語時，謂語用單數。

9.例句

?are taken good care of in our village.? were sent to hospital immediately.? are for the plan, but the poor are against it.?gives pleasure to all.歸納：定冠詞the 加上某些形容詞，如the rich, the wounded, the old, the dead, the

sick 等表示一類人，謂語用復數。表示一類物，用單數。

10.例句

? am to go.?is wholly right.? am going to be punished for playing computer games

after school.歸納：當兩個主語由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接時，謂

語動詞與鄰近的主語保持一致。

11.例句

? is a computer and many books for you.? were many pictures of him on the wall.歸納：Here, there 引導的句子，謂語動詞也采用就近原則。

12.例句

?is covered with water.? were bad.歸納：分數或百分數做主語時，謂語動詞根據后面的名詞來判斷。若名詞為

可數名詞，謂語用復數，若名詞為不可數名詞，謂語用單數

13.例句

? None of them has arrived yet at the area.? None of them have arrived yet.? Neither of them knows the answers.? Neither of them know the answers.歸納：代詞none, neither 有時作單數看，有時作復數看待，主要 根據說話人的意思來判斷。

14.例句

? have been to shanghai.? has been to shanghai.歸納：“One of+復數名詞” 后的定語從句中的謂語用復數，而“the(only/very)one of+復數名詞”后的定語從句中的謂語用單數

15.例句

? Everyone is here.? Everything is ready.歸納：Everybody, everyone, someone ,nobody, everything, nothing, something等

不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數

Step3.Exx.1.Mike and John’s __________.A.father is a teacherB.fathers are teachers

C.father are teacherD.fathers are teachers

2.Three fourths of the homework ________ today.A.has finishedB.has been finished

C.have finishedD.have been finished

3.Jane is the only one of the best students in her class who _______ by their teacher.A.are praisedB.is praisedC.praiseD.praised

4.The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.A.are listening toB.is listening toC.are listening D.is listening

5.The United States of America___one of the most developed countries in the world.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

6.Nobody_______to smoke in the cinema.A.allowsB.allowC.is allowedD.are allowed

7.Mary as well as her sisters______Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.is studying D.study

8.I, who_______your teacher,will try my best to help you with your study.A.beB.amC.areD.is

9.The rich _______ not always happy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have

10.Many a man ______ come to help me.A.haveB.hasC.doesD.had

11.No one but her parents _______ it.A.knowB.knowsC.is knowingD.are knowing

單元檢測

一． 單詞拼寫

1.The old man came in, with two young men ______（攙扶）his body.2.Flying across the high mountain for the first time is a great a___________.3.Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r________ by all the

people in her country.4.________（鑒于）his age, he did it quite well.5.His first song was __________（給予靈感）by the memory of his mother.二． 完成句子

6.She worked hard to _______ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ not to use them.她努力工作讓盡可能多的國家同意不再使用他們。

7.But the evening _______ _______ all __________.但是到傍晚時分我們覺得這一切都是值得的。

8.________ unusual _________ __________ in the forest.對女性來說住進大森林是一件稀罕的事。

9.Why not study a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and ______ __ her good work?

為什么不像林巧稚一樣在醫(yī)學院學習然后繼續(xù)她高尚的工作呢？

10.They are _______ ________ ________ to learners of English.他們對學習英語的人很有幫助。

三． 單項選擇

11.It can be said that reaching the agreement so quickly was a great ____ for the

meeting

A.appointmentB.achievementC.progressD.accident

12.----What are the students _____ about?

-----Whether Senior Three students should join in the coming school sports meet.A.quarrelingB.inspiringC.fightingD.arguing

13.______ the stars carefully, and you will find that they are not shining themselves..A.ObserveB.NoticeC.Glance atD.Mind

14.Although there are many _____ programs on TV, I think it’s wise of you not to

sit watching too much.A.worthB.worthwhileC.meaninglessD.sensible

15.Actually, the newly-published English magazine is not _______ to enlarge vocabulary.A.intendedB.instructedC.writtentD.translated

16.______ with so many fans of the famous Super Girl, the stadium is hard for us to enter.A.CrowdingB.To be crowdedC.CrowdedD.Crowded out

17.It’s my daily duty to have the English newspapers ______ to the senior students.A.printedB.publishedC.deliveredD.advertised

18.I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle when a good idea ___ me.A.attackedB.beatC.caughtD.hit

19.It was foolish of him to _____ his notes during that important test, and as a result,he got punished.A.stick toB.refer toC.keep toD.point to

20.In a way, I think we both won---I won the game, but you won my _______.A.supportB.favourC.respectD.impression

21.Greatly _____, the students made up their minds to carry _____ the experiment.A.inspiring;outB.inspired;on

C.having inspired;throughD.to be inspired;away

22.----What is his suggestion?

-----Just guess the meaning of it whenever you _____ a new word in reading.A.come intoB.come atC.come acrossD.come about

23.______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will

always be in demand.A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If

24.-----Anything different today?

-----Er, no teacher and no student______ absent today, which means all _______ present at the meeting.A.are;areB.was;wereC.were;wasD.is;is

25.-----Am I free to run around here?

-------_______.Don’t you know the school rules?

A.Behave yourselfB.Believe in yourself

C.Cheer upD.Never mind

第三篇：主謂一致練習

定語從句專項練習題1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west.Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.A.running;that B.run;who C.running;who D.run;that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A.where B.when C.which D.how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.A.that the little girl asks him B.the little girl asks him to C.for the little girl to ask him D.what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy.I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.A.which B.in which C.of which D.whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.where C.which D.whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.A.which B.what C.that D.when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.A.as B.when C.until D.before 11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.We must unify it.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.A.when, which B.that, which C.which, that D.when, that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A.that which B.one that C.that of which D.this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.A.that B.what C.which D.as 15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all whose homes B.all of whose homes C.all their homes D.all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A.who B.when C.on which D.which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where

18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A.that B.as C.which D.and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.A.that B.this C.which D.same 答案與解析：

1.A.主語與run(延伸)是主動關系，所以用現在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that來引導定語從句。2.B.因為在此題中where引導定語從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當。3.A.因為先行詞是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引導定語從句。

4.B.答案B是省略了關系代詞that的定語從句，另外，to后還省略了動詞原形paint。5.C.因為of which引導定語從句，并在從句中作定語。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D.因為這是個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內容。

7.B.因為表示“階段、程度、地步”的the point在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where引導定

語從句。8.B.因為先行詞是research centers并在定語從句中作狀語，所以用where。

9.C.因為當先行詞是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等時，多用that引導定語從句。

10.因為先行詞是the time，且在定語從句中作狀語，所以用when引導。此題的先行詞與定語從句被主句謂語分開了，要善于辨別。11.B.先行詞是Taiwan is a part of China整個主句，一般由as或which引導定語從句，但which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which沒有，所以用as。順便說說，原句改為：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is?= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is?

12.A.兩空都是考查定語從句，先行詞分別是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定語從句中作狀語，用when引導；后句是非限制性定語從句，不能用that，要用which。13.A.因為替代不可數名詞(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因為先行詞that(the bread)在定語從句中作buy的賓語，用which，所以選A。14.D.當定語從句的先行詞前有such, so, as等詞語時，由as引導，并且as在定語從句中作主語或賓語，as在此題中作dream of的賓語。注意：在表示“如此?以致?”的such /so?that?結構中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B.考查非限制性定語從句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他們所有的房子。16.D.因為先行詞是前面整個句子，且在從句中作主語，所以用which。of course是插入語。17.D.將疑問句改為陳述句：this research center is?顯然缺少先行詞，必須加上代詞the one來作先行詞，又因定語從句不缺主語或賓語，所以用關系副詞where。假若在this后加the，就選where，請想想這是為什么。18.A.因為先行詞是the days，并在定語從句中作狀語。19.B.當先行詞前有so時，用as引導定語從句，as在從句中作主語或賓語。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，請想想這是為什么。

20.C.因前后均的句子，必須要選連詞，排除B和D；又因在介詞后不能用that來引導定語從 主謂一致練習

1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is B.are/are C.is/are D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years

B.are/year old C.is/years old D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play

B.are playing C.plays D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are

B.has C.have

D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are

B.is C.were

D.be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is

B.are

C.was D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking

B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/their

C.will buy the book/one's

D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are B.is stayed

C.is

D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left

B.the train had left

C.the train was found left

D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands

B.standing

C.which stands D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will

B.was

C.is

D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are

B.I am

C.as I am D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are

B.is

C.were D.was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours?

-Yes.Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you

B.is not long enough for you

C.was not long enough for you

D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed

B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed

D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is

B.they are

C.this

D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting

D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were

B.were eaten/was

C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her

B.is hers C.are hers

D.are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have

B.are said to have

C.is said to be

D.are said to be

22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A.sheep;grass;leaves

B.sheeps grasses

leaves

C.sheep;grass leaf

D.sheeps grass leafs

23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows

B.cows cattle C.cattle cows

D.cow, cattles

24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree

B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree

25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own

26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes

D.woman write

27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive

B.two hours` drive

C.two hour drive

D.two hours drive

28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher

B.fathers are teachers

C.father are teachers

D.fathers are teacher

29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred

B.are occurred

C.occurs

D.occur

30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or

B.The offices and C.Both the office and

D.The office and

31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished

32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.be

33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of

B.A great many

C.A large number of

D.Many

34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out

B.are sold out

C.was sold out D.were sold out

35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has B.have C.is D.are

36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is

B.are, are

C.are is

D.is are

37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied C.studies D.study

39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will

D.may

40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been

C.All has

D.All that ,has been

41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are

B.is C.has

D.have

42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching

B.were searching for

C.are searching

D.was searching for

43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it

B.are it

C.are them D.is them

44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years

B.are years C.is year

D.are year

45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are

B.have C.has

D.is

46.______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are

B.Two yuan are

C.Two yuans is

D.Two yuan is

47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen

B.is seen

C.see

D.sees

48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to

polluting

B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted

D.is used to ,being polluted

49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.passengers has his own room

50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has

第四篇：主謂一致專題)

主謂一致

主謂一致指的是主語和位于動詞在“數”的方面一定要保持一致，而這種一致關系通常是由下列三種原則支配的

一、語法一致：主語是單數形式或不可數名詞，謂語動詞也用單數形式；主語用復數形式，位于也用復數形式。

The library does not open until nine o’clock.The Great Wall draws numbers of tourists every year.The best reward I get from teaching is the joy of seeing my students grow and develop.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.二、意義一致原則：主語雖在語法形式上是復數形式，但意義上是單數，謂語動詞也要用單數；主語雖在語法形式上不是復數形式，但意義上時復數，謂語動詞也要用復數。Cattle are grazing peacefully on the pasture.The police have arrested a lot of suspects.Two miles is a long walk for the 80-year-old man.One thousand dollars is a large sum of money for the couple.Five pounds is enough.Twenty years is a long time on one’s life.三、就近原則：有時謂語動詞的形式是和它最近的詞（或詞組）保持一致的。Neither you nor I am right.Not only the boy but also his parents enjoy playing that game.Twenty percent of students are from Wuhan.Only half of the members agree with him.易出現問題的地方：

一、集體名詞與以“s”結尾的名詞作主語時主謂一致 1.people, cattle, police, poultry, militia, youth等形式上是單數，但意義上時復數，所以謂語用復數。

The police are questioning him.People often hear him telling about his experience in the Second World War.The militia are determined to fight the enemy to the finish.2.audience, committee, family, government, group, staff, team, public, class, crew, arm等若表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數，若強調成員或個體，謂語動詞用復數。His family are proud of him.His family is not very large.The audience burst into thunderous applause.A large audience was watching their performance.某些表示疾病的詞，如mumps, arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, diabetes等，以及某些表示游戲的詞，如cards, ninepins, darts, bowls, marbles, billiards, chequers等，它們在形式上雖然是復數，但在意義上是單數，因此謂語動詞要用單數。Sometimes mumps is rather dangerous.Arthritis is not a kind of infectious disease.Marbles is greatly enjoyed by the children here.Diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.4.某些以-ics 結尾的表示學科的詞，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, linguistics, optics, electronics, acoustics等，形式上是復數形式，但意義上是單數，因此謂語動詞要用單數。

Some students say physics is much more interesting than mathematics.I don’t think linguistics is difficult to learn.但當這些詞不表示“學科”時，有時可當復數用，謂語動詞也要用復數。

Statistics show that the divorce rate in China is much higher than ten years ago.Politics have never interested her.5.以“s”結尾的國家、組織、機構等雖然形式上是復數，但卻表示單數意義，所以謂語動詞要用單數形式。

Some people say the United States is a large “melting pot”.The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.但表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“s”結尾的專有名詞常被看成是復數，謂語動詞也要用復數。The Niagara Falls attracts tourists from many countries every year.The Rocky Mountains are vast and spectacular.6.某些表示由兩部分組成的物體的名詞在形式和意義上都是復數如：scissors, pants, trousers, shorts, glasses, spectacles, jeans等，謂語動詞也用復數。His glasses were broken this morning.Your trousers are in the wardrobe.另外還有一些常以“s”結尾的詞，如：contents, archives, arms, goods, suburbs, stairs, earnings, surroundings, belongings, particulars等也通常被看成是復數，作主語時謂語也用復數形式。

The suburbs are more and more seriously polluted.The surroundings are very beautiful.All his belongings are in that big bag.二、表示數量概念的名詞（或詞組）作主語時主謂一致

1.表示時間、距離、價值、重量等的名詞或詞組作主語時，常把這些數量看成一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。

Seven months is needed to translate this book into Chinese.Five hundred miles is a long distance.Where is the ten dollars I gave you yesterday? 2.“分數或百分數+of?”構成的短語作主語，如果of后面是單數，謂語動詞用單數；如果of后面是復數，謂語動詞要用復數。Two-thirds of the gasoline has been used.Over forty percent of the employees are women.Ninety percent of the wasteland has been turned into rice fields.Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.3.“all(half, most, some, the rest, none等）+of?”構成的短語作主語，如果of后面是復數，謂語動詞用復數；如果of后面是單數，謂語動詞也用單數。All of his energy has been used up.All of the restaurants are closed.Most of the oil is imported from Saudi Arabian.Most of the rubbish has been removed from the playground.4.“l(fā)ots（plenty, heaps, loads, scads等）+of?”構成的短語作主語時，如果of 后gender是復數，謂語動詞也用復數；如果of后跟的是不可數名詞單數，謂語動詞用單數 Plenty of time has been spent on this experiment.Loads of friends have come to attend his wedding.Scads of money has been wasted in the past 2 years.5.當“many a+名詞”或“more than one+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Many a customer complains about the poor quality of the washing machines.More than one train was delayed.6.“a portion(series, pile, panel, kind, sort, type等)+of+名詞”構成的短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數（無論名詞時單數還是復數）。A portion of the products is being inspected.A series of questions was asked by the students.A pile of reference books is on his desk.7.“a number(或numbers)of +可數名詞復數”作主語時，謂語用復數形式，但a great deal（an amount, a quantity)of +不可數名詞單數作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。A large number of workers were dismissed.Numbers of houses were destroyed.A great deal of time has been wasted.但the number of ?作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式 The number of students is increasing.8.“an average(或total)of +名詞復數”構成的短語作主語，謂語動詞一般用復數。An average of 500 students graduate from this school every year.A total of 200 bicycles were sold last month.但the average（或total)of +名詞復數作主語時謂語要用單數形式

The average of students who graduate from this school every year is 500.9.“a group(crowd, gang, flock, herd)of +可數名詞復數”構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞既可以單數也可以用復數。

A group of people was /were standing under the big tree.A gang of gunmen was/were robbing the jeweler's.A herd of cows was/were grazing there.三、并列結構作主語時主謂一致

1.由and或both?and?連接的并列結構作主語，如果意義為單數，謂語動詞就用單數；如果意義為復數，謂語動詞就要用復數。

Asia, Africa and Latin America make up the third world.Both families and society are responsible for juvenile delinquency.下面由and連接的并列結構表面上是復數，實際上表示復數意義，所以謂語動詞要用復數。Chinese and America culture are quite different.What they have said and done are quite disappointing.當each?and each?, every?and every?, no?and no?作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式

Each boy and each girl was given an apple.Every teacher and every student was looking at him.No bus and no taxi was found in the street.2.由or, either..or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also?連接的并列結構作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式與離它最近的主語保持一致。Neither he nor I am able to get there in ten minutes.Not only he but also I am curious about this.Neither her husband nor the doctors have told her about her condition.3.由某些介詞或準并列連詞連接的短語作主語，謂語動詞的形式應與真正的主語保持一致。

常見的這類介詞有：with, along with, together with, besides, in addition to, except, but, like, including等，準并列連詞有：as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than等。

Practical experience as well as formal education is considered very important in today’s job market.No one except hi relatives helps him.The bus driver, as much as the passengers, was very impatient.Jack, like many other children, often dreams of travelling in the space.The school, rather than the parents, is mainly responsible for the children’s safety.四、動名詞、不定式和短語作主語時主謂一致

動名詞或不定式短語作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。To err is human.To learn three foreign languages at the same time is very difficult.Smoking is very harmful to one’s health.Walking is the easiest way to exercise.五、名詞性從句作主語時主謂一致 名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數

Whether you go or not makes no difference to me.It’s quite obvious that they have nor received the letter.How the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed.六、there be? 句型中的主謂一致

be 動詞的形式由它后面的主語決定，但當be 動詞后是并列結構作主語時，遵循就近原則，be動詞的形式要與它最近的主語保持一致。There are servants in the house.There is no water on the moon.There are a lot of spectators in the stadium.七、定語從句中的主謂一致

定語從句中謂語動詞的單、復數形式是由先行詞所決定的。That’s the young man who comes to the library every week.Yesterday they visited the palaces which were built 200 years ago.在one of+名詞復數+定語從句的句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復數形式，但當one 前有the或the only 時，謂語動詞用單數：

She is one of the few passengers who were not killed in the crash.This is the only one of the books which is worth reading.

第五篇：高中英語主謂一致

高中英語主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語法形式上的一致

主語為單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為復數形式，謂語動詞也用復數形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意義上一致

1）主語形式雖為單數，但意義為復數，謂語動詞用復數。如：The crowd were shouting.單數形式代表復數內容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。2）主語形式為復數，而意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數。如：The news was so surprising.形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原則

即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數，一個是復數，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應用 1．名詞作主語

1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。“a group(crowd)of +復數名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數或復數，前者強調整體，后者強調各個部分。

2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當復數看待，謂語動詞必須用復數。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復數同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常見的省略名詞有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些復數名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主語有more than one…或many a…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復數名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數；短語this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語)（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語動詞用單數，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動詞用復數，all kinds of后跟復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復數形式的單、復數同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數意義時，謂語用單數，反之，謂語用復數。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時，謂語用單數；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復數，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可用作單數，也可用作復數。

11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式；反之，用單數。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

1）用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近一致的原則。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代詞作主語

1）名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數，也可以用作復數，這取決于它所代替的是單數還是復數。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、復數。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：

單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數或復數形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數。

但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數名詞，動詞當然用單數形式，若of的賓語為復數名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數，也可以是復數，在正式文體中，單數形式的動詞更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分數、量詞作主語

1）“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復數”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數或不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數；large amounts of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數量的one and a half后，名詞要用復數形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數，修飾可數名詞復數時，謂語動詞用復數。

5．名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．從句作主語

1）由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數，但所指的具體內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復數名詞++who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動詞應該是復數形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當one之前有the only等修飾語時，關系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復數名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數形式。如：

She was the only one of the girls who was late.