第一篇：集合名詞VS主謂一致

Collective Noun 定義

集合名詞（英語：Collective noun）是語言學(xué)上的一個(gè)專有名詞，意指一種可用來指稱一群對(duì)象的字，而這些對(duì)象，可以是人、動(dòng)物、或是一群概念等事物。舉例而言，在英語中，“一群獅子”可稱為“a pride of lions”，此時(shí)“pride”為一個(gè)集合名詞。

詞語信息

“集合名詞”是名詞的一個(gè)特殊子類，表示集合，描述成群成組的事物。析而言之，又可分為“可分集合名詞”和“不可分集合名詞”。

詞語釋義

可分集合名詞：該類事物可以個(gè)體化，可用集合量詞計(jì)數(shù)，同時(shí)也可以用除“一”以外的個(gè)體量詞計(jì)數(shù)。

示例：干警，愿意指公安部門中干部和警察的合稱，可以說“寒冷的子夜，一批干警仍在一線執(zhí)勤”，也可以說“五位公安干警受到了表彰”，但不能說“我作為一名普通的司法干警，也可以為普通百姓辦事”。

不可分集合名詞：該事物不可以個(gè)體化，即不受個(gè)體量詞修飾。除了可用集合量詞修飾之外，有時(shí)還可以受容器量詞、度量詞或不定量詞修飾。

示例：可以說“上海港?？苛撕芏啻啊保荒苷f“上海港?？苛艘粭l（只，艘）船舶”。

“軍火”，是武器和彈藥的總稱，沒有專用的個(gè)體量詞修飾它，但有可用的集合量詞，如：一批軍火。同時(shí)也可以用容器量詞、度量詞和不定量詞度量，如“一車軍火”、“三噸軍火”。

應(yīng)注意，有部分詞原意是表示集合，但現(xiàn)在詞意有所變化。例如“圖書”，原指圖畫和書，現(xiàn)在泛指書籍，如“北大圖書館珍藏了幾百萬冊(cè)圖書”，也可以說“我今天借了一本圖書”。本、冊(cè)是個(gè)體量詞，“圖書”是能受個(gè)體量詞修飾的名詞，所以是個(gè)體名詞，而不是集合名詞?！皶尽辈荒苁軅€(gè)體量詞的修飾，是集合名詞。

分類

第一類

形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞。包括family(家庭Y: 'Times New Roman'">family(，team(隊(duì))，class(班)，audience(聽眾)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：若視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義；若考慮其個(gè)體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較并體會(huì)：His family is large.他的家是個(gè)大家庭。His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils.這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。This class are reading English now.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在讀英語。

這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在讀英語。

第二類

形式為單數(shù)，但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞。包括cattle(牛，牲畜)cattle(，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n)連用，但可與the連用(連用)。如：People will laugh at you.人們會(huì)笑你的。The police are looking for him.警察在找他。Many cattle were

killed for this.就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。注：表示牲畜的頭數(shù)，用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如：five head of cattle 5頭牛，fifty(head of)cattle 50頭牛

第三類

形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義也為復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞。包括goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特點(diǎn)是：只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù))，但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如：Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer.如果貨物質(zhì)量不好，則理應(yīng)向制造商提出控訴。

第四類

形式為單數(shù)，意義也為單數(shù)這類集合名詞。包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩), scenery(風(fēng)景), scenery(), jewelry(珠寶), equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點(diǎn)為：是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。<>Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?The thief stole all her jewelry.小偷把她所有的首飾都偷走了。The hospital has no decent equipment.這家醫(yī)院沒有像樣的設(shè)備。The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry.人們認(rèn)為唐朝是中國詩歌的全盛時(shí)期。注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器

第五類

補(bǔ)充幾個(gè)常考的集合名詞除上面提到的四類集合名詞外，以下幾個(gè)集合名詞也應(yīng)重點(diǎn)注意：

1.hair(頭發(fā)，毛發(fā))

指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為集合名詞(不可數(shù))；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))。如：My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。

2.mankind(人類)

人是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不連用冠詞。如：This is an invention that benefits mankind.這是一項(xiàng)造福人類的發(fā)明。Mankind has its own problems.人類有自己的問題。注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(類)”時(shí)，雖不可數(shù)，但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。如：Mankind are intelligent animals.人是理智的動(dòng)物。

3.fruit(水果)

作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的。如：He doesn’t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果。但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí)，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。比較：fruits Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水果。

主謂一致

一、某些有生命的集合名詞（表示人或者動(dòng)物），本身有單／復(fù)數(shù)之分。其為單數(shù)時(shí)，若作主語，則謂語可用單數(shù)／復(fù)數(shù)。主要依據(jù)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)而定，若強(qiáng)調(diào)許多個(gè)體，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)。其為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不言而喻，謂語必

須用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：此類名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義并不完全相同，漢譯時(shí)一定要當(dāng)心。如army（一國之軍隊(duì)），armies（多國部隊(duì)）；couple（一對(duì)夫婦），couples（多對(duì)夫婦）；等。常見的此類集合名詞有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，clan，class，clique，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，會(huì)眾），council（市議會(huì)，理事會(huì)），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，fleet，flock，folk，gang，government，group，jury，kingdom，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民），union，university等。

1．The staff is／are hardworking．

2．The audience were moved to tears．

3．The lecturer draws large audiences．

4．The whole school was punished．

5．The class consists of 40 students．

6．This class are diligent．

7．The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it．

8．One tenth of the population of Egypt is／are Christian．

二、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：cattle，clergy，faculty（教職工），herd，mankind，military，militia（民團(tuán)、民兵），people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（豬），vermin，womankind等。

9．There are three people waving at us．

10．The police haven't arrived yet．

11．There are verm in here．

12．Some people are never satisfied．

13．The police／military have surrounded the building．

【注】people作民族講時(shí)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are 56 peoples in China．

三、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后可跟單／復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：aristocracy，bourgeoisie（資產(chǎn)階級(jí)），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知識(shí)分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（無產(chǎn)階級(jí)），offspring，public，swarm，youth等。

14．The youth today is ／are better off than we used to be．

15．Her offspring is ／are like her in every respect．

16．The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman．

【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外，還可以作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。如：

Youth is the tim e for action；age is the tim e for repose．

Som e youths don't like jazz．

四、某些表示國家、公司、機(jī)構(gòu)、運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)等名稱的專有名詞也可當(dāng)作集合名詞使用，其后通常跟單／復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：Arsenal，BBC，Congress，Krem lin，Liverpool，Macm illan，Netherlands，Parliament，Pentagon，Vatican（梵蒂岡），White House等。

17．Arsenal is ／are playing well in this season．

18．Macmillan have ／has made a good profit this year．

19．The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican．

20．The Netherlands has ／have a monarchy．

21．The BBC is showing the program on Saturday．

22．Liverpool is leading 1—0．

23．Liverpool are attacking again．

五、某些無生命的集合名詞（表示物）作主語時(shí)，通常被看成不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：aircraft，baggage，clothing，crockery，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（樹葉），footwear，furniture，glassware，hardware，hosiery，jewellery，luggage，machinery，merchandize，poetry，pottery，silverware，stationery，underclothing，underwear，vegetation，weaponry等。

24．All the furniture in my room is new．

25．The merchandize has arrived undamaged．

26．There is not much vegetation in deserts．

27．The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped．

28．Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates．

29．The machinery is driven by electrici-ty

第二篇：主謂一致專題)

主謂一致

主謂一致指的是主語和位于動(dòng)詞在“數(shù)”的方面一定要保持一致，而這種一致關(guān)系通常是由下列三種原則支配的

一、語法一致：主語是單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，位于也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The library does not open until nine o’clock.The Great Wall draws numbers of tourists every year.The best reward I get from teaching is the joy of seeing my students grow and develop.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.二、意義一致原則：主語雖在語法形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)；主語雖在語法形式上不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。Cattle are grazing peacefully on the pasture.The police have arrested a lot of suspects.Two miles is a long walk for the 80-year-old man.One thousand dollars is a large sum of money for the couple.Five pounds is enough.Twenty years is a long time on one’s life.三、就近原則：有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是和它最近的詞（或詞組）保持一致的。Neither you nor I am right.Not only the boy but also his parents enjoy playing that game.Twenty percent of students are from Wuhan.Only half of the members agree with him.易出現(xiàn)問題的地方：

一、集體名詞與以“s”結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時(shí)主謂一致 1.people, cattle, police, poultry, militia, youth等形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

The police are questioning him.People often hear him telling about his experience in the Second World War.The militia are determined to fight the enemy to the finish.2.audience, committee, family, government, group, staff, team, public, class, crew, arm等若表示整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)成員或個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。His family are proud of him.His family is not very large.The audience burst into thunderous applause.A large audience was watching their performance.某些表示疾病的詞，如mumps, arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, diabetes等，以及某些表示游戲的詞，如cards, ninepins, darts, bowls, marbles, billiards, chequers等，它們?cè)谛问缴想m然是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。Sometimes mumps is rather dangerous.Arthritis is not a kind of infectious disease.Marbles is greatly enjoyed by the children here.Diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.4.某些以-ics 結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科的詞，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, linguistics, optics, electronics, acoustics等，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

Some students say physics is much more interesting than mathematics.I don’t think linguistics is difficult to learn.但當(dāng)這些詞不表示“學(xué)科”時(shí)，有時(shí)可當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)用，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。

Statistics show that the divorce rate in China is much higher than ten years ago.Politics have never interested her.5.以“s”結(jié)尾的國家、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但卻表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

Some people say the United States is a large “melting pot”.The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.但表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞常被看成是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。The Niagara Falls attracts tourists from many countries every year.The Rocky Mountains are vast and spectacular.6.某些表示由兩部分組成的物體的名詞在形式和意義上都是復(fù)數(shù)如：scissors, pants, trousers, shorts, glasses, spectacles, jeans等，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。His glasses were broken this morning.Your trousers are in the wardrobe.另外還有一些常以“s”結(jié)尾的詞，如：contents, archives, arms, goods, suburbs, stairs, earnings, surroundings, belongings, particulars等也通常被看成是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The suburbs are more and more seriously polluted.The surroundings are very beautiful.All his belongings are in that big bag.二、表示數(shù)量概念的名詞（或詞組）作主語時(shí)主謂一致

1.表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、重量等的名詞或詞組作主語時(shí)，常把這些數(shù)量看成一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Seven months is needed to translate this book into Chinese.Five hundred miles is a long distance.Where is the ten dollars I gave you yesterday? 2.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of?”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，如果of后面是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果of后面是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Two-thirds of the gasoline has been used.Over forty percent of the employees are women.Ninety percent of the wasteland has been turned into rice fields.Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.3.“all(half, most, some, the rest, none等）+of?”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，如果of后面是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后面是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。All of his energy has been used up.All of the restaurants are closed.Most of the oil is imported from Saudi Arabian.Most of the rubbish has been removed from the playground.4.“l(fā)ots（plenty, heaps, loads, scads等）+of?”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，如果of 后gender是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后跟的是不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Plenty of time has been spent on this experiment.Loads of friends have come to attend his wedding.Scads of money has been wasted in the past 2 years.5.當(dāng)“many a+名詞”或“more than one+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many a customer complains about the poor quality of the washing machines.More than one train was delayed.6.“a portion(series, pile, panel, kind, sort, type等)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（無論名詞時(shí)單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)）。A portion of the products is being inspected.A series of questions was asked by the students.A pile of reference books is on his desk.7.“a number(或numbers)of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但a great deal（an amount, a quantity)of +不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A large number of workers were dismissed.Numbers of houses were destroyed.A great deal of time has been wasted.但the number of ?作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式 The number of students is increasing.8.“an average(或total)of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。An average of 500 students graduate from this school every year.A total of 200 bicycles were sold last month.但the average（或total)of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語要用單數(shù)形式

The average of students who graduate from this school every year is 500.9.“a group(crowd, gang, flock, herd)of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可以單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。

A group of people was /were standing under the big tree.A gang of gunmen was/were robbing the jeweler's.A herd of cows was/were grazing there.三、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)主謂一致

1.由and或both?and?連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，如果意義為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)。

Asia, Africa and Latin America make up the third world.Both families and society are responsible for juvenile delinquency.下面由and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)表面上是復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際上表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Chinese and America culture are quite different.What they have said and done are quite disappointing.當(dāng)each?and each?, every?and every?, no?and no?作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式

Each boy and each girl was given an apple.Every teacher and every student was looking at him.No bus and no taxi was found in the street.2.由or, either..or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also?連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與離它最近的主語保持一致。Neither he nor I am able to get there in ten minutes.Not only he but also I am curious about this.Neither her husband nor the doctors have told her about her condition.3.由某些介詞或準(zhǔn)并列連詞連接的短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與真正的主語保持一致。

常見的這類介詞有：with, along with, together with, besides, in addition to, except, but, like, including等，準(zhǔn)并列連詞有：as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than等。

Practical experience as well as formal education is considered very important in today’s job market.No one except hi relatives helps him.The bus driver, as much as the passengers, was very impatient.Jack, like many other children, often dreams of travelling in the space.The school, rather than the parents, is mainly responsible for the children’s safety.四、動(dòng)名詞、不定式和短語作主語時(shí)主謂一致

動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。To err is human.To learn three foreign languages at the same time is very difficult.Smoking is very harmful to one’s health.Walking is the easiest way to exercise.五、名詞性從句作主語時(shí)主謂一致 名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)

Whether you go or not makes no difference to me.It’s quite obvious that they have nor received the letter.How the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed.六、there be? 句型中的主謂一致

be 動(dòng)詞的形式由它后面的主語決定，但當(dāng)be 動(dòng)詞后是并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，遵循就近原則，be動(dòng)詞的形式要與它最近的主語保持一致。There are servants in the house.There is no water on the moon.There are a lot of spectators in the stadium.七、定語從句中的主謂一致

定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式是由先行詞所決定的。That’s the young man who comes to the library every week.Yesterday they visited the palaces which were built 200 years ago.在one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句的句型中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)one 前有the或the only 時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：

She is one of the few passengers who were not killed in the crash.This is the only one of the books which is worth reading.

第三篇：二。名詞和主謂一致(高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí))

二．名詞和主謂一致

1.名詞的數(shù)

（1）.常見的不可數(shù)名詞：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck.homework.housework.information.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth.sope.rice這些詞在使用中不可亂套漢語而使用復(fù)數(shù)或加不定冠詞（2）.有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：glasses.clothes.trousers（褲子）.ashes(灰塵).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的熱情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有禮貌）

（3）.有些名詞既可以作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但意義不同。Workun.工作 cn.作品，著作

roomun.空間 cn.房間

Experience un.經(jīng)驗(yàn)

cn.經(jīng)歷

paperun.紙 cn.論文、試卷、文件（4）.名詞的修飾詞

只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both,(a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。

既可修飾可數(shù)又可修飾不可數(shù)的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。2.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

（1）.絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。

bus→buses;;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes box →boxes;watch →watches;actress →actresses;class →classes;dress →dresses;sandwich →sandwiches;toothbrush →toothbrushes;waitress（女侍者）→waitresses

(3).以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories strawberry →strawberries;baby →babies;library →libraries;dictionary →dictionaries;activity →activities

(4).以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，加-es，或加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。-es:黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿。Negroes.heroes.echoes.potatoes.Tomatoes zero既可加-s，也可加-es(5).以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，一般直接加-s,但下列詞需要將-f或-fe去掉，加-ves 為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半

Self-selves, life-lives, thief-thieves, wife-wives, knife-knives, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, half-halves *staff(員工)→staves;scarf（圍巾）→scarves(6).常見單復(fù)同形的名詞 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, series, means, fish, fruit（其中fish，fruit表示種類是，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes, fruits）（7）.集合名詞

a.形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)

這類集合名詞包括family(家庭)，team(隊(duì))，class(班)，audience(聽眾)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：若視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義；若考慮其個(gè)體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。

His family is large.他的家是個(gè)大家庭。

His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils.這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。This class are reading English now.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在讀英語。

c.形式為單數(shù)，但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)

這類集合名詞包括cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n)連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。People will laugh at you.人們會(huì)笑你的。The police are looking for him.警察在找他。

Many cattle were killed for this.就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。注：表示牲畜的頭數(shù)，用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如： five head of cattle 5頭牛，fifty(head of)cattle 50頭牛 c.形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義也為復(fù)數(shù) 這類集合名詞包括goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特點(diǎn)是：只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù))，但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。

Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。3.名詞的所有格

表示人或物所屬關(guān)系時(shí),我們就需要使用名詞所有格。如：“奶奶的房子”表示為“grandma's house”。名詞所有格的構(gòu)成有以下規(guī)則：(1).一般情況下，在名詞的末尾加“'s”構(gòu)成。如：Mike's bike邁克的自行車,Tom's books湯姆的書.(2).以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只在其末尾加’如：my parents' car我父母的車,our teachers' books我們老師的書。

(3).表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有的東西時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名字上加所有格。如：Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和瓊共同擁有的臥室;但如果是分別擁有的東西就要在每個(gè)名字上加所有格.如:Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具車。

(4).名詞所有格后面有指地點(diǎn)等的名詞時(shí)，有的習(xí)慣上可以省去不用。如：The doctor's(office)醫(yī)生診所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理發(fā)店。

(5).“of+名詞”屬格。

The window of the classroom教室的窗戶 the capital of China中國的首都 The weather of ShangHai上海的天氣.(6).雙重所有格

即’s屬格和of屬格結(jié)合起來表示所有關(guān)系 A book of my friend’s.4.名詞作定語

作定語的名詞往往是說明中心名詞的材料、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類別等。

作定語的名詞有以下三種形式：

（1）.一般用單數(shù)形

a meeting room 會(huì)議室 morning exercise早操 a story book 故事書a shoe shop 鞋店

（2）.man, woman要與所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。a woman teacher 一位女教師

two women teachers 兩位女教師

（3）.sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a sports meet 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) a goods train 貨車

customs house 海關(guān) a sales manager 營業(yè)主任 *名詞作定語和所有格作定語的區(qū)別;所有格表示所屬關(guān)系 The girl friend 女朋友

The girl’s friend那位女孩的朋友 5.主謂一致（1）就近原則 a.由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or等）連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致。

Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.Tom和他的父母都不在家。

b.在倒裝句和there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。

There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本書和幾支鋼筆。

There comes the bus.汽車來了。

c.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。

I know the man who is talking to my father.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)正在和我父親談話的人。

d.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句(It’s ….that/who….)中，who/that又在句中作主語，這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。

It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.是Mary的哥哥在車禍中受傷了。

(2).意義一致原則

a.”every/each/no+名詞+and every/each/no+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.b.”one+單數(shù)名詞+and a half”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。One apple and a half was on table.c.”more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。More than one student has failed the exam.d.”many a+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many a child was playing there.（3）。語法一致原則

只要確定主語時(shí)單數(shù)意義，則謂語用單數(shù)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

a.不可數(shù)名詞作主語，一律視為單數(shù)

b.“one, either, neither, each of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。

Either of the stories is very funny.c.表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通常看做一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Ten pounds was missing from the box.d.a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等量詞修飾名詞，通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered, e.”a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞意思是“許多…”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞意思是“…的數(shù)目”，表示單數(shù)概念?！皌he population of…”意思是“...的人口數(shù)量，”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但是如果有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等修飾，指具體的其中多少人，表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！皌he average of…”意思是“...的平均數(shù)量”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

The number of the student in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China ia large and most of the population are famers.f.主語后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和這些詞匯前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致 Mr.Greentogether with his children goes to the park every Sunday.g.“the+adj.”表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如果個(gè)別人或表示抽象的概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in the accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.h.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或all, some, the rest, , half of, most of, part of 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義來確定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.練習(xí)

請(qǐng)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

1.Three years _______(have)passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______(be)really a long time.2._______(be)everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon? 3.My family _______(be)the largest one in our village.Besides, my family ______(be)all party members.4.The whole class ________(be)now listening to the teacher attentively.5.The news ______(be)very exciting.6.To learn one or two foreign languages _______(be)very important nowadays.7.The last and most difficult lesson _______(be)Lesson 14.8.I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you.9.The scientist and engineer _______(have)invented a new machine.10.Alice，together with her friends，_______(be)punished for having broken the school rules.11.Every girl and every boy _______(have)the right to join the club.12.—_______(be)either she or you to go and attend the meeting?—Neither she nor I________(be).13.Ancient and modern history _____(be)the subjects we are studying.14.Many a scientist _______(have)devoted their lives to science.15.The old _______(be)respected in our country.16.We each _____(have)strong points and each of us on the other hand ______(have)weak points.17.A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.(offer)

18.The police _______(be)determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______(have)almost given up all hope.19.Only one of the students who ______ present______ to speak at the meeting.(be)

20.When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.(not decide)

21.Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.(be)

22.It's not you but Mr.Anderson who _______ to answer for the incident.(be)

23.The number of people invited ______fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.(be)24.I don't think the poor _________ always poor.(be)25.At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.(be)

26.One and a half days ________ what I need.(be).27.Sixty percent of the work______.(do)

28.______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?(be)29.Such films as _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.(be)

30.Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water..(be)31.About 85 percent of the students _______ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.(be)

32.Politics ______ now taught in all schools..(be)33.Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.(be)

34.More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.(be)

35.Many a student ______ in the exam.(fail)36.No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.(be)37.Great quantities of fish __________________ in the river in the past few days(catch)38.This is the one of the books on the subject that ______ ever been written in Chinese(have)

39.The world's supplies of oil ________ gradually _______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars(use)(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))40.The population of China______over 12 million and eighty percent of them _______peasants.(be)41.All but one ______ here just now.(be)42.More than 60 percent of world’s radio programs _______ in English.(be)43.A large number of students of this school ______ fond of playing football(be)44.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China now.(study)

45.Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child, and they will go a long way.(be)

46.Apples of this kind _______ good.(taste)

47.The Olympic Games _______ held every four years.(be)48.No one but her parents ______ it.(know)

49.The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.(be)

50.It is she who _______ wrong.(be)51.Twenty of us are old.The rest _______ young.52.The Smiths ______ to move into the new building(be)53.Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.(be)54.The watch and chain ______ of gold(make)55.Half the eggs ______ bad.(be)

56.There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.(be)57.A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.(be)58.Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.(have)59.My driving license, rather than my credit cards, ______lost.(be)60.Every hour and every minute ______ important.(be)

答案與解析：

1.have;is。表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示單位數(shù)量用作主語時(shí)，通常看作整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式（第二空）;若強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式（第一空）。

2.Is。不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

3.is;are。集體名詞family, class等作主語時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體（第一空），謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體（第二空），則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.are。

5.is。某些名詞以-s結(jié)尾，表面看是復(fù)數(shù)形式，實(shí)際上是單數(shù)概念，如physics, news等，它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。6.is。當(dāng)主語是不定式短語，-ing形式短語或主語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。

7.is。一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞同時(shí)被兩個(gè)不同的形容詞修飾，如果表示的是同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。該句意為“最后一課十四課是最難的一課?！? 8.am。

9.has。兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由and連接作主語時(shí)，當(dāng)and不表示并列意 義，而連接兩個(gè)在意義上表示同一人、物或概念或由兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

10.was。主語后面接說明主語的修飾語，如用with，along with，as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等與修飾語連接，謂語動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語一致的關(guān)系。11.has。兩個(gè)并列的名詞由each，every，no等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

12.Is;am。當(dāng)用作主語的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由or，either...or, neither...nor或 not only...but also等連接時(shí)，謂語通常與鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。

13.are。一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞同時(shí)被兩個(gè)不同的形容詞修飾，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。

14.has。“many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，表達(dá)的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，但謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

15.are?！皌he+形容詞 / 過去分詞”表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。16.have, has

17is offered 18are, have are ,is is not decided 21 is is, 23was, were 24 are 25 was 26 is has been done 28 Are were, are 30 is 31 are, are

is 33 is

was 35 has failed

is

have been caught

38.has

39.are being;used 40is;are

41were

are 43.are

studies

45is

taste 47 are…four

knows

has50 is 51 are

are

is

54.is made 55 are

is

are 58 has59 is

is

第四篇：主謂一致練習(xí)

定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west.Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.A.running;that B.run;who C.running;who D.run;that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A.where B.when C.which D.how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.A.that the little girl asks him B.the little girl asks him to C.for the little girl to ask him D.what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy.I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.A.which B.in which C.of which D.whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.where C.which D.whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.A.which B.what C.that D.when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.A.as B.when C.until D.before 11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.We must unify it.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.A.when, which B.that, which C.which, that D.when, that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A.that which B.one that C.that of which D.this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.A.that B.what C.which D.as 15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all whose homes B.all of whose homes C.all their homes D.all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A.who B.when C.on which D.which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where

18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A.that B.as C.which D.and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.A.that B.this C.which D.same 答案與解析：

1.A.主語與run(延伸)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.B.因?yàn)樵诖祟}中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當(dāng)。3.A.因?yàn)橄刃性~是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

4.B.答案B是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，另外，to后還省略了動(dòng)詞原形paint。5.C.因?yàn)閛f which引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作定語。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D.因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內(nèi)容。

7.B.因?yàn)楸硎尽半A段、程度、地步”的the point在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用where引導(dǎo)定

語從句。8.B.因?yàn)橄刃性~是research centers并在定語從句中作狀語，所以用where。

9.C.因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)，多用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。

10.因?yàn)橄刃性~是the time，且在定語從句中作狀語，所以用when引導(dǎo)。此題的先行詞與定語從句被主句謂語分開了，要善于辨別。11.B.先行詞是Taiwan is a part of China整個(gè)主句，一般由as或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，但which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which沒有，所以用as。順便說說，原句改為：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is?= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is?

12.A.兩空都是考查定語從句，先行詞分別是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定語從句中作狀語，用when引導(dǎo)；后句是非限制性定語從句，不能用that，要用which。13.A.因?yàn)樘娲豢蓴?shù)名詞(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因?yàn)橄刃性~that(the bread)在定語從句中作buy的賓語，用which，所以選A。14.D.當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞前有such, so, as等詞語時(shí)，由as引導(dǎo)，并且as在定語從句中作主語或賓語，as在此題中作dream of的賓語。注意：在表示“如此?以致?”的such /so?that?結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B.考查非限制性定語從句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他們所有的房子。16.D.因?yàn)橄刃性~是前面整個(gè)句子，且在從句中作主語，所以用which。of course是插入語。17.D.將疑問句改為陳述句：this research center is?顯然缺少先行詞，必須加上代詞the one來作先行詞，又因定語從句不缺主語或賓語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where。假若在this后加the，就選where，請(qǐng)想想這是為什么。18.A.因?yàn)橄刃性~是the days，并在定語從句中作狀語。19.B.當(dāng)先行詞前有so時(shí)，用as引導(dǎo)定語從句，as在從句中作主語或賓語。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，請(qǐng)想想這是為什么。

20.C.因前后均的句子，必須要選連詞，排除B和D；又因在介詞后不能用that來引導(dǎo)定語從 主謂一致練習(xí)

1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is B.are/are C.is/are D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years

B.are/year old C.is/years old D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play

B.are playing C.plays D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are

B.has C.have

D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are

B.is C.were

D.be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is

B.are

C.was D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking

B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/their

C.will buy the book/one's

D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are B.is stayed

C.is

D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left

B.the train had left

C.the train was found left

D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands

B.standing

C.which stands D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will

B.was

C.is

D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are

B.I am

C.as I am D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are

B.is

C.were D.was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours?

-Yes.Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you

B.is not long enough for you

C.was not long enough for you

D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed

B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed

D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is

B.they are

C.this

D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting

D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were

B.were eaten/was

C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her

B.is hers C.are hers

D.are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have

B.are said to have

C.is said to be

D.are said to be

22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A.sheep;grass;leaves

B.sheeps grasses

leaves

C.sheep;grass leaf

D.sheeps grass leafs

23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows

B.cows cattle C.cattle cows

D.cow, cattles

24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree

B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree

25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own

26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes

D.woman write

27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive

B.two hours` drive

C.two hour drive

D.two hours drive

28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher

B.fathers are teachers

C.father are teachers

D.fathers are teacher

29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred

B.are occurred

C.occurs

D.occur

30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or

B.The offices and C.Both the office and

D.The office and

31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished

32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.be

33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of

B.A great many

C.A large number of

D.Many

34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out

B.are sold out

C.was sold out D.were sold out

35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has B.have C.is D.are

36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is

B.are, are

C.are is

D.is are

37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied C.studies D.study

39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will

D.may

40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been

C.All has

D.All that ,has been

41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are

B.is C.has

D.have

42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching

B.were searching for

C.are searching

D.was searching for

43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it

B.are it

C.are them D.is them

44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years

B.are years C.is year

D.are year

45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are

B.have C.has

D.is

46.______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are

B.Two yuan are

C.Two yuans is

D.Two yuan is

47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen

B.is seen

C.see

D.sees

48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to

polluting

B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted

D.is used to ,being polluted

49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.passengers has his own room

50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has

第五篇：主謂一致講稿

英語主謂一致的三個(gè)原則

1.形式一致的原則

即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。一般說來，當(dāng)作主語的名詞或代詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)作主語的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞就復(fù)數(shù)形式：如：

(1)He likes skating in winter.他喜歡冬天滑冰。(2)They don’t live here.他們不住這里。2.意義一致的原則

即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。英語中，有些名詞或代詞形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上可能是復(fù)數(shù)，這時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式就須依據(jù)名詞或代詞的意義決定。如：

(1)People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人們看到我們隊(duì)贏了比賽時(shí)都非常高興。

(2)His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家時(shí)，他家的人在看電視。(3)Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我們班的同學(xué)都在努力工作以便是我們班成為優(yōu)秀班。

3.鄰近一致的原則

英語中，有時(shí)幾個(gè)名詞或代詞有某些此連接起來一起作句子的主語，此時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式就須有與之最接近的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)決定。如：

(1)There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房間里有一張辦公桌和五把椅子。(2)There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房間里有五把椅子和一張辦公桌。(3)Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾將被派到那里去。(4)Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你將被派到那里去還是李蕾將被派到那里去？

英語主謂一致詳解

1.代詞做主語

A．主語是he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Everyone is here.大家都來了。

(2)There is something wrong with my bike.沒有的單車有點(diǎn)毛病。

B．主語是I(除be 動(dòng)詞用am外), you, we, they代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1)I like to stay here with you.我喜歡跟你在這兒。(2)They are all soldiers.他們都是戰(zhàn)士。

C．主語是：who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依具體情況而定。如：

(1)Who’s the girl over there? 那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰？

(2)Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戲的男孩子是哪些人？(3)What’s this? 這是什么？(4)What are those? 哪些是什么？(5)Which is yours? 哪一個(gè)是你的？(6)Which are children’s? 哪一些是孩子們的？(7)What’s under the tree? 樹下有什么？(8)All is right.一切順利。

(9)All are present.所有人都到齊了。

2.名詞做主語

A.一般說來，不可數(shù)名詞及可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1)Water is necessary for living things.水對(duì)于生物來說是必須的。(2)The dog is a useful animal.狗是一種有用的動(dòng)物。

B.表示總稱意義只能單數(shù)形式作復(fù)數(shù)用的集合名詞people 人們, cattle 牛, police，youth年輕人，做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)English people are fond of talking about weather.英國人喜歡談?wù)撎鞖狻?2)Cattle are farmers’ friends.牛是農(nóng)民的朋友。

只能作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞如mankind 人類, furniture 家具, clothing 衣服, machinery總稱的機(jī)械，equipment（設(shè)備）等做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

(1)The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory.(2)All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong.C.主語是集合名詞：army（軍隊(duì)）, audience（觀眾、聽眾）, board（委員會(huì)）, class, committee（委員會(huì)）, crew（全體隊(duì)員、船員、機(jī)組人員等）, family, firm（公司）, government（政府）, group（組、群）, public（公眾）, team, staff（全體工作人員）, union（聯(lián)盟）等時(shí)，如果是作為整體的，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Our class is made up of fifty students.我們班有五十個(gè)學(xué)生組成。(2)Our class are working very hard.我們班的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。(3)His team is very strong.他們隊(duì)很強(qiáng)大。

(4)His team are talking with the coach.他們隊(duì)在跟教練談話。(5)His family isn't very large.他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。

(6)His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。

D.主語是以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞表示的是學(xué)科或國家時(shí)： politics, physics, mathematics（數(shù)學(xué)）politics（政治學(xué)），economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)），謂語動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Physics is very interesting and useful.物理既很有趣也很有用。

(2)The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries.聯(lián)合國由100多個(gè)國家組成。

E.主語是兩個(gè)對(duì)稱部分組成的事物時(shí)：clothes, compasses(圓規(guī)), glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves，它們單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修飾時(shí)，則謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

(1)The trousers are not expensive.這條褲子不貴。(2)Your socks are over there.你的襪子在那邊。

F.主語是：goods, arms（武器），clothes（衣服），thanks（感謝）等通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)在句子里的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)All the goods were shipped from America.(2)All the arms you want have been prepared.G.主語是：works（工廠）, series(系列), means, data(資料數(shù)據(jù)), sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等其單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照它們?cè)诰渲械囊饬x來確定。如：

(1)That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.（這位日本人已來過中國20次了。）(2)Those Japanese are visitors to our university.（那些日本人是到我們大學(xué)來參觀的客人。）注意：Chinese, Japanese這樣的詞不僅可做名詞，還可和定冠詞一起連用，表示“……一類人”，是種集合名詞的表達(dá)形式。因此，用于后者時(shí)，其動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不能取決于內(nèi)容，而是一定要用復(fù)數(shù)。

(3)The Japanese are united.日本人很團(tuán)結(jié)。

H.主語是：時(shí)間、距離、金錢、價(jià)格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這種詞有：years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等。如：

(1)Three years passes quickly.三年很快過去了。

(2)Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book.20元不夠買這本書。(3)There are twenty dollars on the desk.桌上有20元。

I.主語若是書名，劇名、報(bào)刊、雜志名稱或單位名稱時(shí)，即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)The Arabian Nights is very interesting.《一千零一夜》很有趣。

(2)The New York Times is popular in America.《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》在美國很受歡迎。J.在算式里，主語是數(shù)詞時(shí)，加法和乘法的謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)皆可；而減法和除法的謂語動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。如：

(1)Three and five is/are eight.三加五等于八。(2)Twelve divided by six is two.十二除以六等于二。

K.主語里面有：a lot of, lots of, plenty, half of, part of, most of, a portion of, 分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù)of +名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照名詞的數(shù)而確定（一個(gè)形容詞性詞組修飾主語的中心部分）。如：

(1)A lot of people have taken part in the activity.很多人參加了這次活動(dòng)。(2)Lots of water is lost.大量的水被流失了。

(3)Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities.(4)Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river.主語是：kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的數(shù)而確定。（名詞性詞組，一般主語就是它，A of B）如：

(1)This pair of trousers was made by Master Li.這條褲子是李師傅做的。

(2)A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted.這個(gè)海里大量的水被污染了。(3)Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood.大量的莊稼在洪水中被毀壞了。在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than? of 作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。

Many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個(gè)城市。L.主語是：the number of + 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如： The number of students in our class is seventy-eight.我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)是七十八。主語是：a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

A number of students of our school come from the countryside.我們學(xué)校很多學(xué)生來自農(nóng)村。M.主語是：the population時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1)What is the population of your town? 你們鎮(zhèn)的人口多少？

(2)The population of America is a little over two hundred million.美國人口數(shù)大約是兩億多一點(diǎn)。主語是：分?jǐn)?shù) + population時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers.我們國家大約有百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。

N.A)every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything在句中做限定詞限定一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，后面的謂語一律用單數(shù)。做限定詞加of時(shí)，后面的名詞或代詞都應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語卻用單數(shù)。即使有定語從句，其主句、從句謂語仍用單數(shù)。(1)Either of them isn't going to give up their chance of education.（他們兩個(gè)都不想放棄受教育的權(quán)利。）

(2)Each one of us who is now living is destined to witness remarkable scientific discoveries.（現(xiàn)在活著的人一定會(huì)見到偉大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。）

B)限定詞加名詞做主語：all, any, many, more, most, some, none, half,的謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所修飾的名詞。

a)all, any, many, more, most, some修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語為單數(shù)；當(dāng)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞謂語為復(fù)數(shù)。例：All of the world is against wars.（全世界都反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。）

There is some girl at the telephone who wants to speak to you.（有個(gè)女孩打電話來，找你。）b)all, any, many, more, most, some加復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例：All roads lead to Rome.（條條大路通羅馬。）There are scarcely any flies left.（幾乎沒有什么蒼蠅了。）

c)all, any, many, more, most, some修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

例：If there is any trouble, please don't hesitate to turn to me.（如果有什么困難，請(qǐng)立刻來找我。）More experience is essential for getting a higher position.（要得到更高的職位，重要的是要有更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）

3.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞連在一起做主語(一)and, both...and 連接名詞或代詞做主語 A．謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English.李蕾和魏方都對(duì)英語感興趣。(2)He and she are good friends.他跟她是好朋友。

B．a(chǎn)nd 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞，如fork and knife（一套刀叉）, bread and butter（涂黃油的面包片，基本生活所需品）；soda and water（小蘇打水）；aim and end(終極目標(biāo))等，雖有and 連接，但仍表示單一的概念，謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪兒？

(2)Fish and chips is a popular supper here.炸魚土豆片在這里是一種很受歡迎的晚餐。(3)The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.鋼鐵工業(yè)于我們生活很重要。

C．a(chǎn)nd 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若是指同一個(gè)人, 即： and前的名詞前有冠詞,而and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school.(2)The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school.D．a(chǎn)nd所連接的連個(gè)名詞前分別有: every, each, no, many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Every hour and every minute is important.每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很重要。

(2)Many a teacher and(many a)student has spoken at the meeting.在會(huì)上，很多老師和學(xué)生發(fā)言。(二)主語是：連接詞or, either?or?, neither?nor?, whether?or?, not?but?, not only?but also?等連接的名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須跟與之最接近的名詞或代詞決定（就近原則）。如：

(1)Neither he nor you are to blame.他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。(2)Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備嗎？(3)Not only the nurses but also the doctor is coming to the meeting.not only A but also B(強(qiáng)調(diào)B)= A as well as B(強(qiáng)調(diào)A), not only...but also...是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，的確采用就近原則，但是，as well as...就其本質(zhì)而言是個(gè)短語介詞，與其賓語形成完整的介詞短語做伴隨狀語，不影響句子的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以，不采用就近原則。

Not only..., but also...這個(gè)句型用于表示“不僅...，而且...”也可以用于倒裝句型。

倒裝的時(shí)候，not only+倒裝，but also+正常語序。

(4)Not only did I go to the park ,but also I went to the forbidden City.我不僅去過公園，我也去過北京故宮。

(三)主語是：介詞in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與這些詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致?！爸髡Z + 后置定語”謂語動(dòng)詞只看主語，不看后置定語部分。如：

(1)At the meeting, one in four is against the decision.會(huì)上由四分之一的人反對(duì)這一決議。(2)The teacher with his students is discussing a question.老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻搯栴}。(3)He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

(四)one and a half + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語，即名詞超過一，但不滿二時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

One and a half oranges is enough for the baby.這個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)半桔子就夠了。

(五)many a + 名詞單數(shù)；more than one + 名詞單數(shù)；a + 名詞單數(shù) + or two等做句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Many a student is interested in English movies.很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語電影感興趣。

(2)A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.一兩個(gè)工人將被派往國外去工作。(六)one or two +名詞復(fù)數(shù)做句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.在你的作文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一兩個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤 4.The + 形容詞做主語

A．The + 形容詞指人做主語時(shí)，指具有形容詞性質(zhì)的一個(gè)群體，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

(1)The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich.過去，窮人常被富人瞧不起。(2)The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.傷員在醫(yī)院受到了很好的照護(hù)。B．The + 形容詞指抽象概念做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：(1)The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必須辨明。5.主語是句子、短語

A．主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

(1)Reading is of much help for learning a language.閱讀對(duì)學(xué)語言很有幫助。

(2)To keep on doing morning exercises is good.(= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises.)

堅(jiān)持做早操很有好處。

如果主語是兩個(gè)或以上非謂語動(dòng)詞短語并列出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1)Reading and speaking is of much help for learning a language.閱讀對(duì)學(xué)語言很有幫助。B．主語是從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，如：

(1)Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned.他昨天為什么沒來正在詢問之中。

(2)Where we can get so much money is still a problem.我們到哪里去弄這么多錢還是個(gè)問題。但what，who引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí)，當(dāng)指具體的東西或人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須根據(jù)具體的意思而定。如：

What I want are these things.Who I am going to meet are Tom and Mike.C．定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟先行詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。如：

(1)The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister.在臺(tái)上講話的那個(gè)女孩是張力的姐姐。

(2)The children that are playing games over there are from Guangdong.在那邊做游戲的孩子們是廣東人。

注意：在“one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，如：

(1)Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English.李蕾是英語學(xué)得好的學(xué)生之一。(2)Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.艾利斯是唯一的一個(gè)來美國的女孩。D．there be結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞的形式由緊接近be后面的名詞的形式所決定。如：

(1)There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom.教室里有一個(gè)老師和七十個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有七十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)老師。

如果句子是由here引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。(1)Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.E．在某些虛擬語氣的句子中，無論主語是誰，be動(dòng)詞總是為were的形式。如：

(1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.要是我是一只鳥，我將自由自在地在天空飛翔。(2)If he were here, I would talk to him face to face.如果他在這里，我將面對(duì)面地跟他談。