第一篇：高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語(yǔ)法形式上的一致

主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意義上一致

1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原則

即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如用連詞or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用 1．名詞作主語(yǔ)

1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名詞population一詞的使用情況類似?！癮 group(crowd)of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語(yǔ)之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。

2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主語(yǔ)有more than one…或many a…構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書(shū)），其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語(yǔ)this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當(dāng)它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒(méi)有以上修飾詞時(shí)，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。

11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語(yǔ)，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)

1）用and或both…and連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代詞作主語(yǔ)

1）名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種情況：

單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。

但后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)

1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短語(yǔ)in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

5．名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)

如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別，則用單數(shù)。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．從句作主語(yǔ)

1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞++who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。如：

She was the only one of the girls who was late.

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

專題十七

主謂一致

考點(diǎn)知識(shí)清單

“一致”是指句子之間或詞語(yǔ)之間在人稱、數(shù)、性等方面保持的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。在英語(yǔ)中最主要的一致關(guān)系是主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間數(shù)的一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)一致，這就叫主謂一致。

在判定一個(gè)句子主謂語(yǔ)是否一致時(shí)，要遵循下列三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z(yǔ)法一致”也就是平常說(shuō)的從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致，即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來(lái)處理主謂語(yǔ)一致問(wèn)題。有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定，也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

知識(shí)梳理

考點(diǎn)一

單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但是有些單數(shù)名詞形式卻含有復(fù)數(shù)意義，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1．集合名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

(1)集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如表示成員則用復(fù)數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的這部分名詞有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：

pl們a的yi足n球g 隊(duì)w踢e得ll很.好。?Our football team is 我?n gt hbeant hcso manindg a back he．re for supper?Our football team are havrie?我們的足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡，然后將回到這吃晚飯。

?

er我y的 l家ar庭g很e大。?My family is v．?His family are wait．in他g的 f家o人r 在hi等m他。

?

The personnel are unhappy about these changes．所有職員都對(duì)這些變革不滿意。

注意

若以上集合名詞表示組成該集合體的分散個(gè)體時(shí)，與其對(duì)應(yīng)的人稱代詞也應(yīng)該使用they，them或their。如：

My family did all they could for me．

我的家人為我做了他們所能做的一切。

The audience were waving their hands．

觀眾都揮舞著他們的手。

(2)但是有些集合名詞．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主語(yǔ)，總是跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式。如：

The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望過(guò)上好日子。

The police have caught the criminal．警察已經(jīng)逮捕了那個(gè)罪犯。

Cattle feed on grass．牛以草為食。

(3)有些表示某類別的總稱的集合名詞，如：machinery(機(jī)械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(設(shè)備)，jewelry(珠寶)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：

My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空郵寄的。

The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain．我們工廠的設(shè)備都是從英國(guó)進(jìn)口的。

The furniture in my room is old now．現(xiàn)在我屋里的家具舊了。

2．單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來(lái)確定其謂語(yǔ)形式。常見(jiàn)的這部分名詞有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如：

The crossroads is／are dangerous．這個(gè)(些)十字路口很危險(xiǎn)。

Every means has been tried．各種方法都試過(guò)了。

All possible means have been tried．所有可能的方法都試過(guò)了。

A steel works has just been built there．那兒剛建了一座鋼廠。

Lots of aircraft were sent there．很多飛機(jī)被派往那兒。

注意

fishes表示“各種各樣的魚(yú)”。

3．表示成雙成套的名詞，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

His black trousers are too long．他的黑褲子太長(zhǎng)。Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼鏡在你鼻梁上。

若這類名詞與pair連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與pair一致。如：

This pair of compasses is made in Beijing．這副圓規(guī)是北京制造的。

A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now．現(xiàn)在一副眼鏡值很多錢。

There are two pairs of gloves on the desk．桌上有兩副手套。

考點(diǎn)二

復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

1．以“-s”結(jié)尾的書(shū)刊名、國(guó)名、組織名作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

以“-s”結(jié)尾的書(shū)刊名、國(guó)名、組織名、游戲名、運(yùn)動(dòng)名(如billiards臺(tái)球)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：

Roots was a novel about a slave family．《根》是一本有關(guān)奴隸家庭的小說(shuō)。

Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories．《一千零一夜》充滿了有趣的故事。

2．表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean．菲律賓群島位于太平洋。

Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America．

落基山脈坐落在北美洲西部。

3．以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致

以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞指一門學(xué)科時(shí)，常用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。但是，當(dāng)這些名詞表示實(shí)際內(nèi)容時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

electronics電子學(xué)

physics物理學(xué)

politics政治學(xué)

mathematics數(shù)學(xué)

statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．

他的政治觀點(diǎn)是他的朋友關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。

Politics is his favorite subject．政治學(xué)是他最喜歡的學(xué)科。

Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce． 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，大約百分之四十的美國(guó)人的婚姻以離婚而告終。

Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn．統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是一門很難學(xué)的課程。

注意

①plastics(塑料)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大都采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Plastics have taken the place of many materials now．

如今塑料已取代了許多材料。

plastics表示“塑料學(xué)”時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能使用單數(shù)形式。如：

Plastics is an important branch of chemistry．塑料學(xué)是化學(xué)的一個(gè)重要分支。

②名詞clothes，works(作“著作”講)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞律律用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Clothes keep people warm．衣服使人保暖。

His works have been translated into several foreign languages．

他的著作已經(jīng)被翻譯成了好幾種外語(yǔ)。

若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可與不定冠詞a或數(shù)詞連用。

若表示“一部作品”用a work，“兩部作品”用two works。

考點(diǎn)三

“名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

1．有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。如：

Several theories on this subject have been proposed．

關(guān)于這個(gè)學(xué)科的幾種理論已經(jīng)有人提出。

The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly．

對(duì)森林大火的危險(xiǎn)不可掉以輕心。

2．當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等連接的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不受這些詞語(yǔ)的影響。如：

The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater．

這位搖滾歌星被他的保鏢保護(hù)著迅速地跑出了劇院。

Mr．Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． 羅伯遜先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到達(dá)。My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost．

是我的駕駛執(zhí)照而不是我的信用卡丟了。

No one but your parents was there then．除了你的父母，當(dāng)時(shí)那里沒(méi)人。

Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports．格林先生和他的女兒都喜歡體育。

Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon．

湯姆，瑪麗和艾麗絲今天下午將一起去游泳。

考點(diǎn)四

“名詞(或代詞)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

1．由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果of后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)就用單數(shù)形式。如：

Most of the teachers are against the proposal．大部分教師反對(duì)這個(gè)提議。

Some of the students are for the plan．有些學(xué)生贊同這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

The rest of the lecture is dull．講座的其余部分是枯燥的。

The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行車今天出售。

Half of the apple is rotten．這個(gè)蘋果的一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。

Half of the apples are rotten．這些蘋果有一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。

Masses of information has been revealed．大量的情報(bào)已被泄露出去了。Masses of books are kept in the library．圖書(shū)館里存放有很多的書(shū)。

About one third of the books are worth reading.大約三分之一的書(shū)值得一讀。Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．

超過(guò)百分之三十的學(xué)生沒(méi)有參加這個(gè)會(huì)。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea．地球表面的四分之三是海。

Only 40％ of the work was done yesterday．昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。

注意

當(dāng)上面有些詞單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其主謂語(yǔ)一致關(guān)系一般要遵循意義一致的原則。如：

All was silent．萬(wàn)籟俱寂。

All were silent．大家都靜默著。

Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians．

我們班有30個(gè)學(xué)生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。

All has been tried．一切都試過(guò)了。

All are here now．大家都到齊了。

注意

population表示“人口”，即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)后面出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞與其呼應(yīng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最好用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

The population of Canada is about 29 million．

加拿大的人口約為2 900萬(wàn)。

Just under a third of the population now smokes／smoke in this country．

在這個(gè)國(guó)家目前吸煙人數(shù)不到總?cè)丝诘娜种弧?/p>

About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants．

這個(gè)國(guó)家大約百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。

2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等，以及由與kind意義相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等構(gòu)成的類似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如：

A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種鳥(niǎo)。A part of the book is not interesting．這本書(shū)里有一部分內(nèi)容沒(méi)趣。Parts of the book are very instructive． 這本書(shū)有幾部分內(nèi)容很有教育意義。

These are two different forms of the same thing．

這些是同一事物兩種不同的形式。

This kind of apples is h?ighly priced.?種蘋果定價(jià)很高。Apples of this kind are． ?highly priced

3．當(dāng)none of后面接的是可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以；如接的是不可數(shù)名詞，就只能用單數(shù)形式。但是當(dāng)either／neither of...構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式(在口語(yǔ)中也可視為復(fù)數(shù))。如：

None of them is／are aware of the danger．他們中沒(méi)有人意識(shí)到那個(gè)危險(xiǎn)。

None of the money was paid to me．連一分錢也沒(méi)有付給我。

Either of the girls is Ann’s sister．那兩個(gè)女孩中有一個(gè)是安的姐姐。

Neither of them is going to give up the chance．

他們兩個(gè)都不打算放棄那個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。

4．當(dāng)“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但“the number of(表數(shù)目)和the variety of(表種類)等+可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

A number of new houses have been built there．在那兒已建起許多新房子。

There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． 那個(gè)商店出售各種各樣的商品。

The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． 知道這個(gè)秘密的人數(shù)很有限。

The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．

那個(gè)商店商品的品種多得驚人。

5．“a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

“l(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

“a large quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

“a large quantity of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。

“l(fā)arge quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞／復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

“a good／great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．

每天有大量干凈的水被浪費(fèi)掉。

Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．

大量的資金投在當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。

Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．

這個(gè)城市每年要消費(fèi)大量的啤酒。

A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．

很多錢花在建這座橋上。

A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．

建這個(gè)大樓耗費(fèi)了大量的建筑材料。

A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。

考點(diǎn)五

由并列連詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

1．由and或both...and...連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。如：

Mr．a(chǎn)nd Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫婦是工程師。

Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。

Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop，店里出售咖啡和啤酒。

注意

如果and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，則兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)。如：

The teacher and writer is her friend．

這位教師兼作家是她的朋友。

比較

cda ucgo．hltd?My friend and lawyer has a??我的律師，同樣也是我的朋友，得了重感冒。?a vceo ．lcdaught a ba?My friend and my lawyer hd?我的朋友和我的律師兩人都得了重感冒。?

兩個(gè)名詞前都加冠詞或其他限定詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

常作為一個(gè)整體概念來(lái)看待的組合有下面這些，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

bread and butter黃油面包

bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包

a knife and fork一副刀叉

a watch and chain一只系有表帶的手表

a cart and horse一輛馬車

needle and thread針線

law and order法律和秩序

Bread and butter is her favourite food.黃油面包是她最喜歡吃的食物。

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．

反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)(不斷摸索)是我們知識(shí)的來(lái)源。

Time and tide waits for no man．歲月不待人。

The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA．星條旗是美國(guó)國(guó)旗。

2．由and連接的兩個(gè)或三個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果有every，each，no，many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．

每一位教師和學(xué)生都得到了一本書(shū)。

Every hour and(every)minute is important．每一小時(shí)或每一分鐘都很重要。

No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．

沒(méi)有一位雇主和雇員知道如何處理這件事。

Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．

許多老師和學(xué)生很喜歡這本書(shū)。

3．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近一致的原則處理。離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的主語(yǔ)部分是單數(shù)，就用單數(shù)；離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老師或者學(xué)生們應(yīng)受到指責(zé)。

Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．

不僅學(xué)生們不知道這件事，他們的老師也不知道。He or I am to do it．這事或者他去做或者我去做。

Neither you nor I．nor anybody else knows how to do it． 無(wú)論是你，我還是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。

4．主語(yǔ)由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與肯定的一致。如：

Not you but I am to answer for it．／I，not you，am to answer for it．

對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)的是我而不是你。

考點(diǎn)六

名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

．what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果其后是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

What she said is correct．她說(shuō)的是正確的。

What he gave me are five English books．他給我的是5本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。

What he needs is money．他需要的是錢。

2．that等其他詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

由that等其他詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： That he is a spy is true．千真萬(wàn)確，他是一個(gè)間諜。

Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．

他們還沒(méi)有決定是否舉行晚會(huì)。

Who is responsible for the accident is not clear．

還不太清楚誰(shuí)對(duì)這場(chǎng)事故負(fù)責(zé)。

考點(diǎn)七

動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危險(xiǎn)。

Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us．

你放棄這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)使我們大家都非常吃驚。

若用and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．早起早睡是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。

When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided．

何時(shí)何地建大樓還未定下來(lái)。

Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life．

犯錯(cuò)誤和學(xué)會(huì)改正錯(cuò)誤是生活的一部分。

What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program．你所吃的與你鍛煉的量對(duì)你的減肥計(jì)劃都是重要的因素。

考點(diǎn)八

某些表示數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

1．當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示金錢、時(shí)間、度量、距離、價(jià)格等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：

Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元買那件襯衣太貴了。

Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分鐘完成這個(gè)測(cè)試是不夠的。

Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，10英里步行似乎很遠(yuǎn)。

2．在四則運(yùn)算中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)，也有用復(fù)數(shù)的。減法和除法常用單數(shù)。

Two and ten is／are twelve．2加10等于12。

Two times eight is／are sixteen．2乘以8等于16。minus 12 is 6．18減12等于6。

Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine．261除以9等于29。

考點(diǎn)九

名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

1．當(dāng)某些形容詞和過(guò)去分詞同定冠詞the連用表示某類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)某些形容詞同定冠詞連用表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

The poor live a hard life．窮人的日子不好過(guò)。

The sick and wounded were sent home．病人和傷員被送回家。

the poor窮人

the living活著的人 the rich富人

the dead死人

the wounded傷員

the young年輕人 The beautiful lives forever．美是永存的。

The old gives place to the new．新陳代謝。

但是，也有例外的情況。有些形容詞加上定冠詞也可指一個(gè)人。如在句中指一個(gè)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

The accused asked the judge for mercy．被告請(qǐng)求法官寬恕。

2．以-sh，-ch和-ese等結(jié)尾的表示“國(guó)家的，民族的”這類形容詞與定冠詞the連用，表示整個(gè)民族，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的這類詞有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等。如：

The Chinese are hard-working．中國(guó)人是勤勞的。

The English are said to be conservative．據(jù)說(shuō)英國(guó)人是保守的。

The Chinese are kind and friendly．中國(guó)人民友好善良。

比較

That Chinese is a singer．那個(gè)中國(guó)人是個(gè)歌唱家。

Chinese is a beautiful language．漢語(yǔ)是一種優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言。

考點(diǎn)十

there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致

there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致關(guān)系，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：

There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．

桌子上有一本書(shū)、兩支圓珠筆和幾個(gè)筆記本。

There are four chairs and a table in the room．房間里擺有4把椅子和一張桌子。

考點(diǎn)十一

不定代詞each, one, no one, somebody等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

不定代詞“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主

語(yǔ)或作限定詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)形式。如：

Each boy gets a prize．每個(gè)孩子都得到了獎(jiǎng)品。

Every dog has his day．人人都有得意的時(shí)候。

Someone wants to buy the house．有人要買這所房子。

Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是吧?

Each of the books costs five yuan.每本書(shū)五塊錢。

Somebody is using the phone．有人在用著電話。

He has two sons．One is a teacher；the other is an engineer．

他有兩個(gè)兒子。一個(gè)是老師，另一個(gè)是工程師。

注意

each，all，both用作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．

我們每人有一本英漢詞典。

The students are all hardworking．這些學(xué)生都很勤奮。

They both like pop music．他們倆都喜歡流行音樂(lè)。

考點(diǎn)十二

其他主謂一致情況

1．倒裝句中的主謂一致

在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝的句子中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如：

On the wall are some famous paintings．墻上有一些著名的畫(huà)。

Between the two windows hangs a picture．兩扇窗戶間有一幅畫(huà)。

2．表示數(shù)量的“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上還剩有一個(gè)半香蕉。

One and a half hours is enough．一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。

3．“a／an+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

A student or two has failed the exam．一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。

“one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．

昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹(shù)。

4．在“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that／who...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，be用單數(shù)形式is或was，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)，that／who后的謂語(yǔ)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。如：

It is I who am a student．我是學(xué)生。

It is they who have worked there for five years．是他們?cè)谀莾汗ぷ髁?年。

5．定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞who，which，that等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其人稱和數(shù)的變化隨先行詞而定。如：

Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看過(guò)這部電影的人請(qǐng)舉手。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman．

在會(huì)上講話的人是我們的主席。

6．who，which，what等疑問(wèn)代詞及such作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)其后的名詞表語(yǔ)來(lái)決定其單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Who is the girl over there?那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?

Who are the girls over there?那邊那些女孩子是誰(shuí)?

Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的書(shū)，這本還是那本?

Such is my plan．這就是我的計(jì)劃。

Such are his words．這就是他的話。

7．“the majority of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)既可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

The majority of boys like football．大多數(shù)男孩喜愛(ài)足球。

The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。

The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多數(shù)人喜歡電視勝過(guò)廣播。

8．“an average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“平均有……”；“the average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“……的平均數(shù)”。如：

An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year．

每年平均有三千人來(lái)這所名校參觀。

The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均數(shù)是6。

9．“a total of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“總共有……”；“the total of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“……的總數(shù)”。如：

A total of 300 letters were received last month 上個(gè)月總共收到了三百封信。

The total of letters received last month was 300．上個(gè)月收到的信總數(shù)是三百封。

10．當(dāng)man(人類)，the world(世界上的人，人類)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

Only man knows how to cook．只有人類懂得烹飪。

Only man is capable of speech+只有人類才具有說(shuō)話的能力。

All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圓的。11．“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。如： More members than one have protested against the plan． 反對(duì)這項(xiàng)提議的會(huì)員不止一個(gè)。

12．當(dāng)many a...或more than one+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管其意義是復(fù)數(shù)概念，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍采取單數(shù)形式。如：

Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose．

許多人認(rèn)為沒(méi)有目的的生活是毫無(wú)意義的。

More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到這件事中。

13．在“one+of／in／out of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般采用語(yǔ)法一致的原則，即用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如果one改成two，three等數(shù)詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我們班有一位學(xué)生來(lái)自西藏。

One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十個(gè)中有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重受損。

Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam．

每十個(gè)學(xué)生中就有三個(gè)考試不過(guò)關(guān)。

方法技巧清單

方法技巧

方法一

分清主語(yǔ)，用準(zhǔn)謂語(yǔ)

1．主語(yǔ)后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

2．動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

3．確定倒裝句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要找準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)。

[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl．

A．is sent

B．a(chǎn)re sent

C．has sent

D．has been sent

[解析] 句子的真正主語(yǔ)為a perfect gift，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)題干大意此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

[答案] D

[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．

A．did do does

B．did does do

C．does did do

D．do do did

[解析] 句子的主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，借助于助動(dòng)詞does強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，后用動(dòng)詞原形do。

[答案] B

[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．

A．a(chǎn)re

B．is

C．were D．was

[解析] 本句是倒裝句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主語(yǔ)，也是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

[答案] C

方法二

分清并列連詞

1．兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ))用and或both...and...連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但要注意前后兩個(gè)名詞都帶有冠詞。

2.并列主語(yǔ)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。

[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go．

A．is

B．was

C．a(chǎn)re

D．has been

[解析] 由連接詞either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和緊靠它的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。此題中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和Peter and Mary一致，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)are，因此C是正確的。

[答案] C

[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school．

A．have

B．has

C．had

D.are

[解析] The writer and the educator是兩個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。句意：那位作家和那位教育家參觀了我們的學(xué)校。如果換成The writer and educator，就是一個(gè)人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

[答案] A

方法三

記熟一些習(xí)慣用法

1．“many a以及more than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)．謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

2．“a／an+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；而“one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。3．不定代詞anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。4．表示“時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格”等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。5．“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

7．“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

[例1]

_______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass．

A．Two fifth；is

B．Two fifth；are

C．Two fifths；is

D．Two fifths；are

[解析] 首先“五分之二”應(yīng)為two fifths，故答案應(yīng)為C、D中的一個(gè)；當(dāng)“分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致，這里的名詞是the land。

[答案] C

[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large．

A．a(chǎn)re

B．a(chǎn)re not

C．isn’t

D．a(chǎn)ren’t

[解析] 在“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，the number是中心名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

[答案] C

[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning．

A．a(chǎn)re；are

B．is；is

C．a(chǎn)re；is

D．is；are

[解析] 本題是一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是teachers，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致，故從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。句子主語(yǔ)是Every boy and every girl，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，as well as等連接的詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不受這些詞語(yǔ)的影響。every...and every...作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

[答案] C

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致精講介紹

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--主謂一致

概述：

1)語(yǔ)法形式上要一致,即用作主語(yǔ)的名詞中心詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致

2)意義上要一致,即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)意義為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

注意: 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is B.was C.are D.were 答案B.注:在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞.后面的職務(wù)用and 相連.這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B.主謂一致中的靠近原則

當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致.There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…連接主語(yǔ)的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)

1)代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ),或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every, 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù).Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.< The Arabian Night >是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū).3)表示金錢,時(shí)間.距離.價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).(用復(fù)數(shù)也可,意思不變.)

4,all指人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如: “All are present and all is going well.” 所有人全部到場(chǎng)了,一切進(jìn)展順利

5,what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可視表語(yǔ)而定:表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù).例如: What they want to get is the number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書(shū).6,and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.例如:

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書(shū)包里沒(méi)有書(shū)和鋼筆.7,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.我父親和他同事曾去過(guò)北京.8,each作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定,與each無(wú)關(guān).例如: They each have a bike.他們每人有一輛自行車.9,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如: Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣.10,the following作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news, works, plastics等同屬此類.例如: Politics is now taught in all schools.現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開(kāi)設(shè)政治課.當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示“學(xué)科”以外的意義時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics（運(yùn)算能力）politics(政治觀點(diǎn))economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)意義）等

12,有些用來(lái)表示由兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),前面若有“一條”,“一副”,“一把”之類的單位詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若沒(méi)有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: The shoes are all right.這些鞋子都很合適.還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：

arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等 13,“one and a half +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).例如: One and a half apples is left on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋果.14,“One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.要派一兩個(gè)人到那兒去給他們幫忙.15,“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里的學(xué)生之一.16,表示時(shí)間,距離,金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),但若強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如: One million dollars is a lot of money.一百萬(wàn)美元是一大筆錢.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題

英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題。

There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.但應(yīng)注意,這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為“單復(fù)同形型”中.2)單數(shù)型.這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi),所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).這類名詞常見(jiàn)的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind.In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.3)復(fù)數(shù)型.這類集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的,就是說(shuō)它們只有單數(shù)形式,但表達(dá)的都是復(fù)數(shù)概念.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體性.這類名詞有:police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等.它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù).【例如】The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4)單復(fù)同形型.這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù).作主語(yǔ)時(shí),用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞均可,有時(shí)意義區(qū)別不大.【例如】The school teaching staff are(is)excellent.The public is(are)requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claim(s)to be badly paid.這類集合名詞常見(jiàn)的有:class, family, team, crew, board, herd, committee, party, jury, enemy, audience等.根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的心理意向若把這個(gè)集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個(gè)整體,就認(rèn)為是單數(shù),用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體的話,就認(rèn)為其為復(fù)數(shù),用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.試比較: The football team is playing well.那個(gè)足球隊(duì)打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea.足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡,然后來(lái)這里吃茶點(diǎn).The family is a very happy one.那個(gè)家庭是一個(gè)非常幸福的家庭.That family are very pleased about the news of William's success.全家人對(duì)威廉的成功都感到很高興.主謂一致練習(xí)1

1.Neither of them _____going to the cinema.Both of them _____ going to the cinema.A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;was

D.are;is 2.All but one _____ here just now.All that I want to say ____ this.A.was;were

B.was;is

C.were;is

D.were;were 3.A number of students ____ gone for an outing.The number of the students ______ increasing year.A.have;has

B.is;have

C.has;have

D.have;is 4.Some of the oranges ______ turned bad.Some of the milk _______ turned sour(酸).A.have;has

B.have;have

C.has;have

D.have;is

5.Each student-____ got an English-Chinese dictionary.The students each ______ a dictionary.A.have;has

B.has;have

C.have;have

D.has;has 6.There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it.There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.A.is;are

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;is

7.Either the judge or the lawvers ________ wrong.Either you or he _______ to blame.A.is;are

B.are;is

C.are;are

D.is;is

8.His family ______ all very well.His family _______ a “ five good” one.A.are;is

B.is;is

C.are;are

D.is;are 9.My blue trousers ______ worn out.One pair of trousers ______ not enough.A.is;are

B.are;are

C.is;is

D.are;is

10.Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything.Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.A.take;are

B.take;is

C.takes;is

D.takes;are 11.The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike.Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised at Mary’s answer.A.have;was

B.have;were

C.has;was

D.has;were 12.Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there? A.are;are

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.is;is

13.Most of the students _____ boys.Most of his money _____ spent on books.A.are;is

B.is;is

C.are;are

D.is;are 14.The policeman ____ standing at the street corner.The police ____searching for him.A.are;is

B.are;are

C.is;are

D.is;is

15.The glasses ______ mine.That pair of glasses _____ my brother’s.film.A.has;has

B.has;have

C.have;has

D.have;have 32.Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit.Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are 33.Such ____Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.Such ___her words.A.were;were

B.was;were

C.were;were

D.was;was 34.Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _____ willing to do the work.The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.A.was;is

B.were;is

C.was;are

D.were;are 35.If anybody _____, ask him to wait._____ there anything I can do for you? A.come;Is

B.come;Are

C.comes;Are

D.comes;Is 36.Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn.The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are 37.Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted.Much _____ done to against fight pollution.A.has been;have been

B.have;has

C.has been;has been

D.have been;have been 38.Do you know the singer and dancer who _____standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which ____ Taiwan.A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;is

D.are;are 39.Each of the girls ____ an orange.Each ______ his duty.A.have;has

B.have;have

C.has;has

D.has;have 40.When we are to hold the sports meet ____ been decided.Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter.A.have;don’t

B.has;don’t

C.have;doesn’t

D.has;does’t 41.Her clothes ____ nearly worn out.His physics ______ weaker than others.A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are 42.Five hundred dollars ______ more than he can afford.A.is

B.are 43.Food and clothing ____ daily necessities for people.A.is

B.are 44.The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries.A.is

B.are 45.Three kilometers ____ not a long distance.A.is

B.are 46.To say something _______ one thing, to do it _____ another.A.is;is

B.are;are 47.Reading English magazines and novels ____ helpful to your study of English.A.is

B.are 48.He like you and Xiao Liu ______ very diligent.A.is

B.are 49.Between the two buildings _____ a hospital.9-

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語(yǔ)法形式上的一致

1)主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式（一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，一個(gè)ving（短語(yǔ)），一個(gè)to do（短語(yǔ)）或一個(gè)從句），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式（復(fù)數(shù)名詞，兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的ving（短語(yǔ)）、to do（短語(yǔ)）或從句），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.Giving Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)視主語(yǔ)而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是one，another，the other，either，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone, no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals are on Earth.Everyone was calm.4）復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是glasses, shorts, shoes, scissors, gloves, trousers等復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。但其前有“pair/ kind/ type of ”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一般與pair，kind, type等的一致。The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.A pair of Funky Swanky jeans costs 80yuan ,available in all Funky Swanky shops now.2．意義上一致

1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。People often use body language on purpose.The police are searching for the thief.2)某些集體名詞，如family, audience，class，club，company，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more, the rest, half等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種情況：

單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(指代不可數(shù)名詞)或復(fù)數(shù)（指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞）形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。

但后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如： Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞deer，sheep做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.如： The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）

5）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。如：The news was so surprising.6）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如： Three years has passed since then.Ten pounds is enough.7）“名詞+and+名詞”做主語(yǔ)，并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.8）“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)of后的名詞確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；名詞為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Two thirds of the apples are rotten.9)名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)

如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別，則用單數(shù)。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 10)不定代詞“each,/every+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”或“each,/every+單數(shù)名詞+and+ each,/every+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.11)從句作主語(yǔ)

由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如： What we need is more time What we need are doctors.12)“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

13）“a quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于名詞是否可數(shù)?！皅uantities of +不可數(shù)名詞/ 可數(shù)名詞” 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。A large quantity of beer was drunk.A large quantity of nuts are on the table.(large)Quantities of nuts are on the table.3．就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。

1)用連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2)如果主語(yǔ)由more than one…或many a…構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.3）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.There is a station and a free car park

1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 2.Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 3.I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 5.There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.A.were;it B.are;them C.was;it D.is;them 6.Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.A.is exploited B.are exploited C.had exploited D.have exploited 7.Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.A.is B.was C.are D.were 8.Mathematics _______ the language of science.A.are B.are going to be C.is D.is to be 9.Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is 11.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.The whole family _______ TV attentively.A.are watching B.is watching C.is seeing D.are seeing 13.Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A.was B.were C.have been D.would be 14.At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.were B.was C.is D.sits 15.If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A.are not preserved B.is not preserved C.were preserved D.have not been preserved 16.There ______ little change in that middle school.A.have B.had C.have been D.has been 17.What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.A.going to be B./ C.is D.that 18.Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.A.is covered B.is covering C.were covered D.are covered 19.The following ______ some other mental diseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were 20.Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.A.have told B.tells C.were told D.was told 22.You and I _____ twin sisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am 23.A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is telling C.are given D.were given 24.Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.A.rots away B.rot away C.has rotted away D.are rotted away 25.Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.A.is cleaning B.are cleaning C.were cleaning D.have cleaned 26.Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A.have known B.knows C.is known D.are known 27.The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A.were B.has been C.had been D.was 28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______.”

A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 29.A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.A.were advancing B.were advanced C.was advancing D.advancing 30.Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.A.is enjoy B.were enjoying C.enjoys D.enjoy

1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加-s 2.解析：選D.當(dāng)either ?or 連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

3.解析：選A.who 為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用am.4.解析：選D.主語(yǔ)the Olympic Games 意為：奧運(yùn)會(huì)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

5.解析：選C.there be句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)，a lot of rubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

6.解析：選A.主語(yǔ)為coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

7.解析：選A.主語(yǔ)Stories of the Long March 是書(shū)名，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8.解析：選C.此處mathematics 為學(xué)科名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9.解析：選B.both----and---連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10.解析：選C.either 是主語(yǔ)部分的中心詞，助動(dòng)詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。

11.解析：選B.what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞的數(shù)來(lái)決定，此處要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

12.解析：選A.此處指：家里的各個(gè)成員，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。13.解析：選A.此處nothing句子的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。14.解析：選A.此句為倒裝句，句子的主語(yǔ)是a soldier and two young people.15.解析：選B.此處主語(yǔ)law and order 指的是同一個(gè)概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式.16.解析：選D.此處there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)little change是不可數(shù)名詞。17.解析：選C.本句是主語(yǔ)從句，缺謂語(yǔ)，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

18.解析：選A.本句缺謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)percent后面是不可數(shù)名詞，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。19.解析：選B.本句的表語(yǔ) 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形。20.解析：選C.根據(jù) 就近一致性原則，謂語(yǔ)用am.21.解析：選B.本句的主語(yǔ)是書(shū)名，從整體考慮，謂語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)形。22.解析：選B.用and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用非第三人稱單數(shù)形.23.解析：選B.本句主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

24.解析：選B.本句主語(yǔ)是tons, 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，rot是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用被動(dòng)形式。25.解析：選A.本句主語(yǔ)Mayor是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

26.解析：選B.主語(yǔ)many a student 意思是復(fù)數(shù)，形式是單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。27.解析：選D.主語(yǔ)works 是集合名詞，當(dāng)成整體考慮，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。Long ago 表示過(guò)去.28.解析：選C.因?yàn)閱?wèn)句是完成時(shí)態(tài)，答句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)回答，另外主語(yǔ)不可用nobody of us.29.解析：選A.主語(yǔ)a group of 在本句中表示具體每個(gè)人。

30.解析：選C.本句主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everyone，為單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。

第五篇：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致

主謂一致

Step1 定義

1.語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。

2.意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致。eg.I am seventeen.She is sixteen.There is a desk in the room.There are no chairs in it.They have not come yet.Step2.Rules

1.例句

? is the biggest city in China.? lies in North America.? is read all over china.? plays an important part in the world affairs.歸納：表示國(guó)家、城市、人名、書(shū)名、報(bào)紙、雜志及組織等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)，通常作為整體看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

2.例句

? is a professor from a university.? plays an important part in our national economy ? has come to the meeting.? do not agree.? were over there.歸納: And 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)，若and前后的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。若指的是不同的人或物，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

3.例句

? are twin sisters.? were surprised when they heard the news.? was in the room.? likes it.歸納：由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如在分詞前由

every, each, no, many a時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

4.例句

? was in the classroom.? was getting on the bus.? is to blame.? Mr.Smith, his wife and children, is arriving in Beijing next

Monday.歸納：由with, together with, as well as, besides, except, along with, including, rather than等連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)第一個(gè)名詞來(lái)判斷。

5.例句

? is a large one with seven members.? ?is a big one.? 歸納：集合名詞做主語(yǔ)，若表示整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，若表示集體中的成員時(shí)

謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

6.例句

?is a long distance.? is a large sum of money.? is a long time.歸納：有些表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、金錢、距離等的名詞可以作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

7.例句

?have been tried.? has been tried.? is at the other end of the town.? were closed for lack of raw material.歸納：有些單復(fù)數(shù)同型的名詞，要根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。

8.例句

? Walking on the moon is very difficult.? What he said is wrong.? To walk with him is a great pleasure.? Smoking is harmful to people’s health.歸納：動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

9.例句

?are taken good care of in our village.? were sent to hospital immediately.? are for the plan, but the poor are against it.?gives pleasure to all.歸納：定冠詞the 加上某些形容詞，如the rich, the wounded, the old, the dead, the

sick 等表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。表示一類物，用單數(shù)。

10.例句

? am to go.?is wholly right.? am going to be punished for playing computer games

after school.歸納：當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接時(shí)，謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

11.例句

? is a computer and many books for you.? were many pictures of him on the wall.歸納：Here, there 引導(dǎo)的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用就近原則。

12.例句

?is covered with water.? were bad.歸納：分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面的名詞來(lái)判斷。若名詞為

可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

13.例句

? None of them has arrived yet at the area.? None of them have arrived yet.? Neither of them knows the answers.? Neither of them know the answers.歸納：代詞none, neither 有時(shí)作單數(shù)看，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要 根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思來(lái)判斷。

14.例句

? have been to shanghai.? has been to shanghai.歸納：“One of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 后的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，而“the(only/very)one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

15.例句

? Everyone is here.? Everything is ready.歸納：Everybody, everyone, someone ,nobody, everything, nothing, something等

不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

Step3.Exx.1.Mike and John’s __________.A.father is a teacherB.fathers are teachers

C.father are teacherD.fathers are teachers

2.Three fourths of the homework ________ today.A.has finishedB.has been finished

C.have finishedD.have been finished

3.Jane is the only one of the best students in her class who _______ by their teacher.A.are praisedB.is praisedC.praiseD.praised

4.The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.A.are listening toB.is listening toC.are listening D.is listening

5.The United States of America___one of the most developed countries in the world.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

6.Nobody_______to smoke in the cinema.A.allowsB.allowC.is allowedD.are allowed

7.Mary as well as her sisters______Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.is studying D.study

8.I, who_______your teacher,will try my best to help you with your study.A.beB.amC.areD.is

9.The rich _______ not always happy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have

10.Many a man ______ come to help me.A.haveB.hasC.doesD.had

11.No one but her parents _______ it.A.knowB.knowsC.is knowingD.are knowing

單元檢測(cè)

一． 單詞拼寫

1.The old man came in, with two young men ______（攙扶）his body.2.Flying across the high mountain for the first time is a great a___________.3.Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r________ by all the

people in her country.4.________（鑒于）his age, he did it quite well.5.His first song was __________（給予靈感）by the memory of his mother.二． 完成句子

6.She worked hard to _______ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ not to use them.她努力工作讓盡可能多的國(guó)家同意不再使用他們。

7.But the evening _______ _______ all __________.但是到傍晚時(shí)分我們覺(jué)得這一切都是值得的。

8.________ unusual _________ __________ in the forest.對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)住進(jìn)大森林是一件稀罕的事。

9.Why not study a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and ______ __ her good work?

為什么不像林巧稚一樣在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)然后繼續(xù)她高尚的工作呢？

10.They are _______ ________ ________ to learners of English.他們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人很有幫助。

三． 單項(xiàng)選擇

11.It can be said that reaching the agreement so quickly was a great ____ for the

meeting

A.appointmentB.achievementC.progressD.accident

12.----What are the students _____ about?

-----Whether Senior Three students should join in the coming school sports meet.A.quarrelingB.inspiringC.fightingD.arguing

13.______ the stars carefully, and you will find that they are not shining themselves..A.ObserveB.NoticeC.Glance atD.Mind

14.Although there are many _____ programs on TV, I think it’s wise of you not to

sit watching too much.A.worthB.worthwhileC.meaninglessD.sensible

15.Actually, the newly-published English magazine is not _______ to enlarge vocabulary.A.intendedB.instructedC.writtentD.translated

16.______ with so many fans of the famous Super Girl, the stadium is hard for us to enter.A.CrowdingB.To be crowdedC.CrowdedD.Crowded out

17.It’s my daily duty to have the English newspapers ______ to the senior students.A.printedB.publishedC.deliveredD.advertised

18.I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle when a good idea ___ me.A.attackedB.beatC.caughtD.hit

19.It was foolish of him to _____ his notes during that important test, and as a result,he got punished.A.stick toB.refer toC.keep toD.point to

20.In a way, I think we both won---I won the game, but you won my _______.A.supportB.favourC.respectD.impression

21.Greatly _____, the students made up their minds to carry _____ the experiment.A.inspiring;outB.inspired;on

C.having inspired;throughD.to be inspired;away

22.----What is his suggestion?

-----Just guess the meaning of it whenever you _____ a new word in reading.A.come intoB.come atC.come acrossD.come about

23.______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will

always be in demand.A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If

24.-----Anything different today?

-----Er, no teacher and no student______ absent today, which means all _______ present at the meeting.A.are;areB.was;wereC.were;wasD.is;is

25.-----Am I free to run around here?

-------_______.Don’t you know the school rules?

A.Behave yourselfB.Believe in yourself

C.Cheer upD.Never mind