第一篇：新視野大學(xué)英語2 期末復(fù)習(xí)題 有答案

期末復(fù)習(xí)題

I.Multiple Choices: choose the best answer to complete every sentence.(25*1'=25')1.The new project is expected to start early next year;it has won the ____ of the board.A.approval

B.disapproval

C surface

D.opinion 2.I don’t know whether to accept this new job, and the company is pressing me ____ a decision.A.about

B.for

C.over

D.by 3.You can go fishing ____ you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.A.as long as

B.as soon as

C.when

D.because 4.The most ____ change was in my younger brother, who had grown quite a bit and was now a third-grader.A.profitable

B.special

C.noticeable

D.grateful 5.The speaker said something about the actors and then ____ to talk about the film.A.cancelled

B.discover

C.preceded

D.indicated 6.If I tell my father what I have done, he will be ____ a little angry.A.very

B.too

C.more than

D.far than 7.He can’t go without wine even for one day;he is a complete slave ____ drink.A.up

B.to

C.at

D.over 8.The young man was ____ on heroin and lost his job and his wife.A.hooked

B.weakened

C.hardened

D.filtered 9.Very high quality, ____ the relatively low prices, has made these cars very popular.A.coupled with B.going with

C.next to D.meeting with 10.People have bought these houses under the ____ that their value would just keep on rising.A.budget

B.interaction

C.patience

D.illusion

11.Don’t ____ at others in any situation no matter how angry you are.A.speak

B.persuade

C.present

D.swear 12.The mother only ____ her son’s marriage long after the event.A.learned of

B.realized

C.came to

D.worked out 13.Ellen is a devoted friend;you can always count ____ her whenever you are in trouble.A.of

B.with

C.out

D.on

14.I have a packed timetable this week.Could you ____ for me at the meeting at the head office? A.despair

B.substitute

C.suit

D.reward 15.Please ____ this application form, giving your name, age and address.A.take out

B.fill out

C.fill up

D.turn down 16.The general public did not have confidence that the government would be able to _____ this difficult job.A.fulfill

B.change

C.search

D.lose 17.She was very glad to see the ____ of many old friends at her birthday party.A.presence

B.rank

C.feel

D.outburst 18.If you have no ____, I would like to ask your daughter to marry me.A.patch

B.warmth

C.objection

D.destination 19.Day and night Martin could not ____ his mind from the failure he had suffered.A.drag

B.place

C.break

D.struggle 20.Although you have graduated from university, a bachelor’s degree in English does not ____ you to teach English.A.identify

B.affect

C.qualify

D.suggest 21.Nowhere else in the world＿＿＿more attractive scenery than in Switzerland．

A.you can find B.is found

C.can you find

D.has been found 22.It was in China＿＿＿the agreement was signed．

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where 23.Not the teacher, but the students _____ looking forward ______ the film.A.is, to see

B.are, to see

C.is to seeing

D.are, to seeing 24.You should put on the notices ________ all the people may see them.A.where

B.in which C.at

D.for them 25.Don’t try anything on with me, kid, _________ you’ll be sorry.A.but

B.and

C.or

D.yet

II.Reading Comprehension:(15*2=30')

Passage One Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs.They say that in a film or on TV we may see elephants, or monkeys, dogs, bear, or other animals doing a lot of things.If you watch carefully, you may find that those animals are always given something to eat in return for doing them.The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get something to eat in return.Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and elephant can be used to do some heavy jobs.And we can also teach animal to work in factories.Apes(猿猴), for example, have been used in America to help make cars and scientists believe that these large monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains.1.Elephant can be used to do some heavy jobs because ____.C.they are very strong 2.Dogs can be used to guard a house for his host because ____.C.they are brave enough to get the stranger and thieves away from the house 3.Many different animals may be taught to do some simple jobs if ____.B.they learn they will get something to eat in return after doing them

4.B.Quite a few animals ____ can be trained to work for us.5.Many scientists are working hard to ____.A.make monkeys get in crops and drive trains

III.Cloze:(15*1'=15')大學(xué)英語讀寫教程Section A 后面練習(xí)題的完型填空（重點(diǎn)看Unit4 和 Unit 5的完型填空）

IV.Translation: from Chinese into English(2*3'=6')1.當(dāng)?shù)卣?fù)責(zé)運(yùn)動(dòng)會的安全。The local government will be in charge of security of the games.2.由于缺乏資金，他們不得不取消了創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃。Due to lack of funds, they had to cancel the business plan.3.令我們失望的是，他拒絕了我們的邀請。We are disappointed that he had rejected the invitation.4.這個(gè)星期你每天都遲到，對此你怎么解釋？ You are late everyday this week, and how would you account for that? 5她連水都不愿喝一口,更別提留下來吃飯了.5 She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner.6.我是十分感謝你給我的幫助.6 I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.7.在美國學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),他學(xué)會了彈鋼琴.7 He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.V.Translation: from English into Chinese(3*3'=9')大學(xué)英語讀寫教程 SectionA 后面練習(xí)題英譯漢的翻譯。(1-6單元)

VI.Composition:(15')

假如你是李明明，你有事要去一趟上海，需要你上海朋友王一軍給你預(yù)定賓館。為此，請你用英語給你朋友寫一封60字左右的短信，信中應(yīng)該包括以下內(nèi)容：

1、你到達(dá)上海及離開上海的時(shí)間；

2、你需要預(yù)定什么樣的房間；

3、打算在上海住幾天。

Dear Yijun, I will go to Shanghai next week.Would you please order a hotel for me? I'd like a single room with bath.I'd like a room with lovely view.It would be located in the center of the city.It would be easy for me to visit the city and go shopping.I will arrive on Monday, and stay there for 5 days.I’m looking forward to your reply.Thanks a lot for your help.Best Regard

Yours sincerely，Li Mingming

第二篇：新視野大學(xué)英語期中考試復(fù)習(xí)題附答案

EXERCICES FOR UNIT 9, NEW HORRIZON COLLEGE ENGLISH

1.These figures are surprisingly high and they’ll have to be__________.A)obtain B)maintain C)display D)verify 2.The _____with the most votes will be elected whether he or she wins more than half the votes or not.A)sponsor B)candidate C)advocate D)opponent 3.That wealthy lady repeated demand on a premarital agreement greatly _______her future husband’s pride and ended up in his refusal to get married.A)scratched B)bitten C)stuck D)stung 4.Her skin was dry after_____ to the wind during the trip.A)exposure B)extension C)exhibition D)expansion 5.She held her hand above her eyes to _______them from the sun.A)avoid B)shade C)shield D)conceal 6.The company hired a __________to develop a new computer system.A)guide B)cashier C)consultant D)assessor 7.They returned her cheque because she hadn’t put her ____on it.A)signal B)symbol C)sign D)signature 8.The lawyer _____a previous case to support his argument.A)referred B)recruited C)cited D)imported 9.Students have____greater numbers of women and minorities on the faculty.A)calls on B)calls for C)calls up D)calls up 10.Hoping that he might be able to __________some light on the problem, I asked Mario to look at the engine.A)pitch B)project C)shed D)shade 11.What he said had some ___on our decision to move to another area of town.A)connection B)association C)bearing D)reference 12.there’s some dispute over who actually wrote the play——nobody seems to know for sure.A)debate B)dispute C)argument D)quarrel 13.She doesn’t usually shout;she must be under _____.A)possiblity B)control C)influence D)pressure 14.He got the money by ______his brother’s signature on a cheque.A)forging B)forming C)framing D)formatting 15.It manipulates the environment, and it is able to _____moral duties on those who are inclined to disregard them.A)compel B)compass C)enforce D)reinforce 16.After the September 11 event, the United States________a domestic economic recession.A)overlook B)underlook C)underwent D)withstood 17.She walked into the room with no more than a ______glance at the children standing outside.A)relaxed B)casual C)indifferent D)flexible 18.The discussion is more neutral only in so far as it is assumed that the teaching curriculum is no-one’s responsibility_______.A)in brief B)in sequence C)in short D)in particular 19.The fall in the cost of living is directly______to the drop in the oil price.A)related B)dependent C)based D)associated 20.Before you start to ______.Make sure the road is clear ahead of you.A)overtake B)overturn C)overrun D)overcome 1-5 DBDAC 6-10 CDCBC 11-15 CBDAC 16-20 CBDAA

新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊第九單元課后練習(xí)

1.The lawyer _______ that his client was innocent and didn’t murder the girl.[A] told [B] contended [C] argued [D] struggled 2.The matter was finally settled because both sides made mutual _______.[A] cooperation [B] complaint [C] competition [D] concessions 3.As he lay in his hospital bed that night, he cried as he ______ his future.[A] compared [B] regarded [C] expected [D] contemplated 4.I didn’t get the number of the car that knocked you over, as it was gone ______.All I know is that it’s a big, brown car.[A] in a flash [B] in a sense [C] in a while [D] in a row 5.________ his learning, he didn’t know how to cope with the situation.[A] For that [B] Although [C] For all [D] Apart from 6._______ their hospitality, we wrote a thank-you note.[A] In response to [B] Reply to [C] On terms with [D] With regard to 7.John never _____ his work ______ his family.[A] put?off [B] put?away [C] put?on [D] put?before 8.Mary is greatly superior ______ her husband in education and sensitivity.[A] with [B] to [C] on [D] above 9.His ideas on economy are exactly _______ mine.[A] with regard to [B] in respect to [C] on terms with [D] in line with 10.It might be a good idea to ______ your beard before going to New York for the interview.[A] tear off [B] put off [C] take off [D] shave off 11.It is difficult to convey ______ shades of meaning in a translation.[A] fragile [B] delicate [C] mild [D] sensitive 12.During recent years, multimedia has _______ service in the teaching of foreign languages.[A] come into [B] turn into [C] look into [D] take into 13.He apologized for his comments and said he had no intention of _______ the professor.[A] offending [B] defending [C] arguing [D] complaining 14.His tired face suggested that he ______ really tired after the long walk.[A] had been [B] was [C] be [D] should be 15.If you had enough money, what ______? [A] will you buy [B] would you buy [C] would you have bought [D] will you have bought 16.To speed up the ______of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.[A] treatment [B] delivery [C] transmission [D] departure 17.The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________too much work last week.[A] take to [B] take out [C] take away [D] take on 18.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.[A] closing;trembling [B] closed;trembling [C] closed;trembled [D] closing;trembled 19.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.[A] being carried out;to complete [B] carried out;to be completed [C] to be carried out;to complete [D] to be carried out;to be completed 20.We are quite sure that we can ______our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.[A] get across [B] get over [C] get away [D] get off 泛讀Unit 8 1.“Can you give me a rough idea of what happened here without going into ________?” said Ann.[A] retail

[B] entail

[C] curtail

[D] detail 2.The doctor gave her an injection to ________ the pain.[A] alleviate [B] elevate [C] allocate [D] accurate 3.It seems that living green is surprisingly easy and ________.[A] horrible [B] adaptable [C] renewable [D] affordable 4.Last night he saw two dark ________ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.[A] features [B] figures [C] sketches [D] images 5.The television is too loud;turn the ________ down.[A] voice

[B] sound

[C] volume

[D] vacuum 6.He was a good worker who was ________ to his family as well as to his work.[A] consistent [B] committed [C] content

[D] engaged 7.When you're in Paris you can't help being ________ of the way the streets are kept clean.[A] effective [B] relaxed

[C] conscious [D] obvious 8.A man without patience is unfit for the work because it ________ patience and carefulness.[A] calls on [B] calls for [C] calls up [D] calls back 9.This price will allow a good ________ of profit.[A] bargain [B] margin [C] begin

[D] benign 10.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ________ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.[A] while

[B] since

[C] after

[D] as 11.We'll visit Europe next year ________ we have enough money.[A] provided [B] unless [C] until [D] lest 12.In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ________ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.[A] nostalgic [B] humorous [C] romantic [D] ironic 13.His health had ________ while he was in prison.[A] deteriorat [B] determined [C] designed [D] derogatory 14.My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.[A] treated [B] adjusted [C] adopted [D] remedied 15.She finds herself in ________ with her parents over her future career.[A] conflict [B] overcome [C] awkward [D] sustain 16.________ his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to leave.[A] Hardly had he opened

[B] Scarcely did he open [C] No sooner did he open

[D] He had no sooner opened 17.________ can we yield to the pressure.[A] By and large [B] By means of [C] By no means [D] In return 18.Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, ________ stress.[A] so is

[B] as it is

[C] and so is [D] the same is 19.By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.[A] that

[B] it

[C] one

[D] what 20.I’d rather we ________ our lesson now.[A] have

[B] had

[C] should have [D] shall have 泛讀Exercise for Unit 4

1.Cancellation of the flight___B____many passengers to spend the night at the airport.[A] resulted [B] obliged責(zé)任 [C] demanded [D] recommended 2.It has been revealed發(fā)現(xiàn)that some government leaders__C___ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.[A] employ [B] take [C] abuse [D] overlook 3.Harry was _____A___by a bee when he was collecting the honey.[A] stung刺痛 [B] bitten [C] stuck [D] scratched 4.Putting in a new window will ___B_____ cutting away part of the roof.[A] include [B] involve需要。占用 [C] contain [D] comprise 5.This ticket ___C_____ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.[A] gives [B] grants [C] entitles 給...權(quán)力 [D] credits 6.American women were ____B____ the right to vote unit 1920 after many years of a hard struggle.[A] ignored [B] refused [C] neglected [D] denied 7.Our hopes ___B_____ and fell in the same instant.[A]arose [B] rose [C]raised [D] aroused 8.In developing countries people are ___B_____ into滾滾不息overcrowded cities in great numbers.[A] breaking [B] pouring [C] filling [D] hurrying 9.please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you ___B_____ the new carpet.[A] crash [B] spot ,弄臟 [C] pollute [D] stain 10.I hate people who ___A_____ the end of a film that you haven’t seen before.[A] reveal 揭露 [B] rewrite [C] revise [D]reverse 11.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ____A____ themselves.[A] stretching [B] extending [C ]prolonging [D] expanding 12.Certain animal species ___C_____ completely from the earth leaving only their rock-like remains for the study by human beings.[A] faded [B] died [C] vanished [D] yielded 13.His decision ___C_____ some improvement in the work.[A] affected [B] awarded [C] effected [D] affirmed 14.The patient with chicken pox was ___A_____so that his disease would not be passed on to others.[A] isolated [B] separated [C] singled out [D] divided 15.The nurse ___A_____ his pain by giving him a cooling drink.[A] relieved [B] conclude [C] released [D] reduced 16.Leaves which fall to the ground __D______ and become part of the soil.[A] disappear [B] fade [C] close [D] decay 17.Mike just discovered that his passport had __A______three months ago.[A] expired [B] amended [C]abolished [D] constrained 18.The old couple decided to ___D_____ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.[A] adapt [B] bring [C] receive [D] adopt 19.We’ll ___A_____ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.[A] compensate [B] remedy [C]supplement [D] retrieve 20.If you ___A_____ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.[A] take off [B] get off [C] keep off [D] set off Unit 1 1Those two ideas are quite distinct ____B______ each other.A.with B.from

C.at

D.between 2 She decided to ___B__her employer for wrongful dismissal.A.accuse B.sue

C.charge D.justify 3 The headmaster decided to make an example of the pupil and _____B_____ him from the school.A.expell A.phone B.spur

C.spurr C.inform

D.expel

D.assist 4 Please hasten them to send the sample.B B.urge The president defended the government policy, accusing the media _____D_____ misinforming the people.A.for B.in C.with

D.of

C.melt

D.relieve 6 The route was designed to ____D______ traffic congestion.A.heave B.pave They scouted around for some antiques to furnish their new apartment.A A.decorate B.paint

C.polish D.provide 8 We talked in a low voice __ A.A.lest we should wake the baby up B.lest waking the baby up C.lest not to wake the baby up D.lest to wake the baby up 9 Alcohol can _____C_____ a loosening of the tongue.A.deduce B.reduce

C.induce

D.produce 10 The Prime Minister said his government would try to restore public trust.B A.recover B.regain

C.relieve

C.initiate

D.release 11 Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of _____B_____ and was promoted to manager after a year.A.initial B.initiative

D.initiation 12 I really admire the way she is able to ___A_______ unfair criticism.A.shrug off A.fall behind B.shrug through C.shrug at B.fall apart C.fall out

D.shrug to

D.fall off 13 The manager knew that if he could not control costs, the business would finally _____B_____.14 The pillars that ____C___the roof broke in the earthquake, leading to the collapse of the house.A.hold on B.hold out

C.hold up

D.hold off 15 He had no more money but still went on buying things ____A______.A.on credit B.by credit C.at credit

D.through credit

D.no possibility 16 There is a distinct possibility that she'll be your teacher next term.C A.little possibility B.some possibility C.great possibility 17 You must _____A_____ much of what he says.A.discount

B.object

C.inquire

D.chase 18 This article lacks ___D____;the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.A.continuation B.Continual C.continuance

D.continuity 19 He ____B______ a sum of money in the bank each month.A.credit B.Deposit C.pay

D.accumulate 20 He could ___B____ us for hours with his interesting stories.A.amaze 第六單元

1.We had to _C___ a lot of noise when the children were at home.[A] go in for [B] hold on to [C] put up with [D] keep pace with 2.The new regulation does not __A__ until the first of March.[A] take into effect [B] get into effect [C] put into effect [D] go into effect 3.After dinner, the two men __A__ into the study where they could talk freely.[A] retired [B] restored [C] restrained [D] resigned 4.Tom could not __B__ the last problem on the arithmetic test.[A] fill out [B] figure out [C] find out [D] filter out 5.Adam has a good position and will pay you back __C__.[A] lastly [B] inevitably [C] eventually [D] equally 6.The careless man received a ticket for speeding.He __D__ have driven so fast.[A] can't [B] shouldn't

[C] wouldn't [D] mustn't B.amuse

C.confuse

D.bore 7.While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they __A__ by wild animals.[A] should be attacked [B] must be attacked [C] had been attacked [D] would be attacked 8.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely __D__ to the outside world.[A] having been lost [B] losing [C] to be lost [D] lost 9.They always give the vacant seats to __A__ comes first.[A] whoever [B] who [C] whomever [D] whom 10.He said that the driver must have had an accident;otherwise he _A___ by then.[A] would have arrived [B] should arrive [C] must have arrived [D] would arrive 11.Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone __D__ them.[A] would have discovered [B] discovered [C] will discover [D] discovers 12.If I _B___ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.[A] worked [B] had worked [C] were to work [D] were working 13.__B__ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.[A] Because [B] Since [C] For [D] While 14.Professor Wang, __C__ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.[A] knowing [B] to be known [C] known [D] having known 15.It is high time that such practices __B__.[A] are ended [B] were ended [C] be ended [D] must be ended 16.It's necessary __C__ the dictionary immediately.[A] that he will return [B] that he returned [C] that he return [D] that he has to return 17.Mr.Smith advised us to withdraw ___C___.[A] so that to get not involved

[B] so as to get not involved [C] so as not to get involved [D] so that not to get involved 18.__C___ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.[A]Since the loss of 50,000 soldiers

[B]Because of 50,000 soldiers having lost [C]Having lost over 50,000 soldiers [D]50,000 soldiers were lost 19.Knowing something as a whole is far from knowing all its __D___.[A] instance [B] character

[C] items

[D] details 20.__A__ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.[A] Had it not been [B] It were not [C] Weren't it [D] Had not it been

第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語

Unit6a 4月7日，星期六

我和史蒂夫已拖運(yùn)垃圾整整四個(gè)小時(shí)了，中間只停下來說了約五分鐘的話。

每次我將滿滿的一桶垃圾扛上肩，肩膀就痛得厲害，有時(shí)候扛著垃圾朝街上走，腿都打顫，可我心里卻對自己說：“挺住，垃圾工，要挺住?！?/p>

我原本就沒有想過這工作會有什么快樂可言。倒、扛、走、扛、走。時(shí)間過得飛快。

星期六意味著一路上大多數(shù)成年人會呆在家里。上學(xué)的孩子也一樣。

我心里琢磨，這可能意味著我挨家挨戶收垃圾時(shí)可以和人們多搭上幾句話了。很多人在花園里或花房里干活兒。多數(shù)人看上去是可以說說話的。

雖沒有工夫聊很久，但問候幾句以示禮貌還是有時(shí)間的。

但我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是這么回事。

直到我在幾家院子里問候了幾次以后，才意識到這么做是不常見的。

偶爾，有人也會看著我，微笑一下，對我說一聲“你好”，或者“今天天氣真好”。這時(shí)，我還是感到有人情味兒。

可多數(shù)情況下，人們的反應(yīng)要么是不理我，要么是因?yàn)槲疫@個(gè)垃圾工竟然也和他們說話而驚訝地盯著我看。

一個(gè)身著家常便服的婦女見我繞過她家的拐角，臉上露出驚訝之色。

聽到我向她打招呼，她就趕緊用衣服把自己嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)地遮了起來，并匆忙退回屋里。我還聽到咔嗒一聲門被鎖上了。

另一個(gè)婦女，院子里養(yǎng)了一只巨大古怪的動(dòng)物。我問她那是什么動(dòng)物，她兩眼盯著我。

我以為她耳背，所以提高了聲音。她好像給嚇著了似的，冷冷地轉(zhuǎn)身走了。

這兒離垃圾場有很長一段路，在駕車去垃圾場的路上，史蒂夫氣憤地?cái)⒄f著這些事情。

“從多數(shù)人看你的那種眼光，就知道在他們眼里垃圾工是怪物。如果你對他們問聲好，他們就驚奇地看著你。他們根本沒想到我們也是人。”

“有個(gè)女人往垃圾箱里倒煙灰。我說，我們這樣沒法裝運(yùn)。

她說，‘我倒什么你管得著嗎，你算什么東西? 你不過是個(gè)垃圾工罷了。’

我說，‘聽著，太太，我的智商是137，高中畢業(yè)時(shí)是班上的尖子生。我干這活是為了掙錢，不是因?yàn)槲抑荒芨蛇@個(gè)?！?/p>

“我真想對他們說，‘你瞧瞧，我跟你們一樣干凈。’可這沒用。我從不對任何人說我是垃圾工。我說我是卡車司機(jī)。

我家里人知道，可我妻子的家人不知道。

如果有人正好碰到，問‘你是給垃圾公司開車嗎?’我就說是。我相信我們做的事是人們所需要的，就像當(dāng)警察或者消防隊(duì)員一樣。我并不為此而感到見不得人，可我也不會到處去吹噓自己的工作?！?/p>

“有一天，我妻子的一個(gè)朋友見到她孩子從家里跑出來看垃圾車，她就大聲叫嚷起來，‘離那些垃圾工遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)，他們身上臟’。我很生她的氣。

我說，‘那些垃圾工和我們一樣干凈?！?‘你好像很同情他們似的，’她說?！堑?，我是很同情他們?！?可我從沒有告訴她這是為什么?！?/p>

這活兒我原先只打算干兩天，可現(xiàn)在我要干下去。

這可鍛煉人呢，雖然肩部肌肉酸痛，可我扛垃圾桶越扛越得心應(yīng)手了。我越干越快，越干越利索。在室外干活還可以呼吸新鮮空氣，而且完全不像人們認(rèn)為的那樣，我干的活兒其實(shí)很干凈。

我還決定繼續(xù)在人家的院子里向人們說“你好”。這不會有什么壞處，而且感覺依舊不錯(cuò)。

說實(shí)話，我感到驕傲，我在做一項(xiàng)必不可少的工作。每晚工作結(jié)束時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)國家比早上更干凈了。并不是許多人每晚都能這樣說的。

約翰·加德納曾寫道，一個(gè)只贊揚(yáng)哲學(xué)家而蔑視管道工的社會必定會出現(xiàn)麻煩。他警告說：“這個(gè)社會的管道和理論都會出問題。”

他也許應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步要求人們既尊重經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家又尊重垃圾工；不然的話，他們都會在身后留下垃圾。Unit6b 星期天凌晨三點(diǎn)整，他終于把自己累死了。

當(dāng)然，訃告并沒有這么說，只說他死于心臟病。但是他的朋友和熟人很快就明白了是怎么回事。

他是個(gè)典型的A型人，工作成癮。相互間他們這么說，搖著頭，并且沉思五或十分鐘，反思他們的生活方式。

此君叫菲爾，星期天凌晨三點(diǎn)整，把自己累死了。那天是他的休息日，可他卻在工作。他把自己生命中的最后18年獻(xiàn)給了那項(xiàng)工作。他51歲，是公司的一位副總裁。更確切地說，他是六位副總裁之一，而且，假如公司總裁去世或者很快退休的話，他是有可能升至最高職位的三位副總裁之一。菲爾是休息不起的。

他每周工作六天，其中五天每天工作到晚上八點(diǎn)或九點(diǎn)，而此時(shí)他的公司除了當(dāng)官的，其他人都已開始每周工作四天。

他撥不出時(shí)間來做戶外活動(dòng)，除非你把他每月打一次高爾夫球也算在內(nèi)。對于菲爾來說，那也是工作。他總是在辦公桌上吃雞蛋色拉三明治。當(dāng)然，他比較胖，患有高血壓。

每逢星期六，菲爾就穿運(yùn)動(dòng)茄克衫而不是西服去辦公室，因?yàn)槭侵苣?/p>

他手下有很多人，大約60個(gè)，多數(shù)時(shí)候大多數(shù)人都喜歡他，敬慕他。其中三人將被認(rèn)真考慮來接替他的工作。訃告對此避而不談。

然而訃告卻一一列出了被他“留下的人”。

在他身后有妻子海倫，她48歲，心地善良，但卻沒有特別的職業(yè)技能，結(jié)婚生子之前曾做過辦公室工作。據(jù)她女兒說，多年前孩子們還小時(shí)，她就放棄了與他的工作競爭。公司的一位朋友說：“我知道你將多么思念他。” 而她回答道：“我早已這樣了。”

“這些年來思念著他，”她已經(jīng)放棄了自己的一部分，這部分的她太關(guān)心這個(gè)男人了。從此她將“得到很好的關(guān)照”。

他“親愛的孩子”中“親愛的長子”在南方的一家制造公司當(dāng)經(jīng)理，工作很努力。在安葬父親的前一天，他走訪了鄰居，試圖多了解他的父親。鄰居們很尷尬，只能裝作比事實(shí)上更了解他的父親。

他的第二個(gè)孩子是個(gè)女兒，今年24歲，剛剛結(jié)婚。

她住在她母親附近，兩人關(guān)系親密。但是，以前每當(dāng)她和父親單獨(dú)在一起時(shí)，比如開車去什么地方時(shí)，兩人幾乎無話可說。

最小的是個(gè)男孩，今年20歲，是個(gè)高中畢業(yè)生。和他的許多朋友一樣，他滿足于打零工，以維持吃飯和吸大麻。

他父親的工作不適合他。

雖然如此，他依然努力理解他父親，努力表明自己對他很重要，以此將他拴在家里。他是他父親的最愛。

在過去的兩年里，菲爾常為擔(dān)心這個(gè)男孩而睡不著覺。

這男孩有一次說道：“我和我父親只住在這里?！?/p>

在葬禮上，60歲的公司總裁告訴48歲的寡婦，51歲的死者對公司非常重要，公司會思念他，很難找到人來代替他。寡婦不敢正面看他。

她擔(dān)心他會看出她的不快。畢竟，她需要他來理清他們之間的財(cái)務(wù)——優(yōu)先認(rèn)股權(quán)等等之類。

菲爾身體胖，弦總是繃得緊緊的，工作太賣力。如果他不在辦公室，他就放心不下。他是容易患心臟病的那種人。

在一大群人中，你一眼就能將他辨認(rèn)出來。

因此，當(dāng)他星期天凌晨三點(diǎn)整終于把自己累死時(shí)，沒有人真正感到吃驚。

安葬的那天下午五點(diǎn)，公司總裁開始（當(dāng)然非常謹(jǐn)慎地）向他的左右詢問接替菲爾的人選（三者之一）的情況。

他問大家：“誰工作最賣力？” Unit7a 和大多數(shù)城里人一樣，我非常小心謹(jǐn)慎。

在把車開進(jìn)車庫前，我會掃視街道和周圍的小路，看看有沒有異常的人或物。那天晚上也不例外。

可是當(dāng)我手里拿著肯德基炸雞走出車庫時(shí)，一個(gè)身材圓胖、留著短髭、頭戴絨線帽、身穿深色尼龍夾克的年輕人從停車處旁的灌木叢中鉆出來，把手槍頂在我的雙眼之間。

“交出來，他媽的──，”他威脅道，“交出來。”

“嗨，”我說，“拿去吧?！?/p>

我一邊說，一邊把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁邊的花盆上，同時(shí)設(shè)法把我房子的鑰匙扔進(jìn)灌木叢中。

“你的錢在哪兒? 你的錢在哪兒?”他吼道。

在我們遭遇的全過程中，他會重復(fù)自己說的每一句話；出于本能，我也同樣重復(fù)著自己的話。

“在我錢包里，在我錢包里。”我說。

他走到我的背后，把槍頂在我的脖子上，開始搜我的褲子口袋。

“錢包在哪兒?”他問。

“在后面的口袋里?！?/p>

“還有呢?”

“我就這么多錢了?！?/p>

“手表在哪兒?”

“在這兒，”我邊回答邊把左臂伸出去。就在這時(shí)，他的同伙出現(xiàn)了。

他很瘦小，手持一支加大的藍(lán)色鋼制手槍。

他深色的眼睛里閃著光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和雙腿毫無預(yù)示地移動(dòng)著，就好像是連著看不見的電線似的。

他厲聲說道，“不許看我們，不許看我們?！?/p>

他并不蠢。

我看過許多刑事審判，因而知道在那些武裝襲擊的受害者中，很少有人能夠辨認(rèn)出襲擊他們的人，因?yàn)樗麄兊淖⒁饬θ性跇屔希鴽]有注意持槍人。我有意識地留意了一下他們的面部細(xì)節(jié)。

“我沒有看你們?！碑?dāng)那個(gè)大個(gè)子劫匪把手表從我的手腕上扯下來時(shí)，我撒了個(gè)謊。

“趴下，趴下，”那小個(gè)子命令我，并一把摘下了我的眼鏡，把它扔到草坪上。

這時(shí)，我已面朝下趴在了地上，前額緊貼著地面的泥土。

那個(gè)大個(gè)子劫匪用槍頂著我的后腦勺，小個(gè)子用手槍緊緊頂著我左邊的太陽穴。

我當(dāng)時(shí)想，“這下完了。萊斯利會受不了的。主啊，可憐可憐我這個(gè)有罪的人吧?！?/p>

“這是什么?”大個(gè)子問道。

我把頭轉(zhuǎn)向右邊。

“是肯德基炸雞，”我說。

“我們要帶走，”大個(gè)子厲聲說道。

于是，突然間，劫匪們手里拿著錢包、手表和炸雞，腳步聲在黑暗的街道上越來越遠(yuǎn)。

我轉(zhuǎn)過身，看見他們的影子鉆進(jìn)了一輛汽車，急速地開走了。

他們沒有殺我，但他們?yōu)槭裁催@么做呢? 是仁慈? 是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間太緊而顧不上? 還是因?yàn)轲囸I?

“多奇怪啊，”我心中暗想，“竟然是炸雞救了我的命。我看到的是死亡，而他們看到的是食物?！?/p>

我站起身來，找到了鑰匙，進(jìn)了屋，然后撥通了911。接線員記下了我對劫匪的描述，然后派了輛警車來。

我為自己倒了一杯烈性酒，不一會兒，兩個(gè)穿制服的洛杉磯警察局的警察就到了。他們對此事作了筆錄，說“幸好”沒有受傷。

“但是，” 臨走時(shí)一個(gè)警察對我說，“他們拿走了你的炸雞，這實(shí)在太不像話了。”

后來，一個(gè)警察打電話來詢問其他細(xì)節(jié)。

他說這兩個(gè)劫匪的作案手法表明他們可能就是過去幾個(gè)月里這一地區(qū)多起搶劫案的實(shí)施者。他讓我到警察局去看一下疑犯的照片。

于是，上周一我翻看了相簿大小的幾本照片，多數(shù)是年輕人的──令人驚訝的是其中有相當(dāng)一部分實(shí)際上還是孩子。

一張張翻看并研讀這些照片，仿佛漂流在一條讓人傷心的河流上，就像身處英國詩人布萊克筆下的泰晤士河，似乎“看見每一個(gè)過往行人都是滿臉饑色，一副苦相”。

這些年輕人聚合在一起構(gòu)成了一條河流──一條已失去控制的河流，這條河流正吞噬著我們所珍視的東西的基礎(chǔ)：我們的行動(dòng)自由，我們的勞動(dòng)果實(shí)，我們的生命，以及那些我們所珍視的人的生命?？傆幸惶?，我們將不得不面對這條河流，并探索其對現(xiàn)實(shí)不滿的深層原因。

而目前，我們所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片，并參與到構(gòu)筑抑制犯罪的大壩中去。Unit7b 我有一支黑色手槍，手柄是棕色的。

手槍就擱在我的床頭，里面裝著五顆子彈，并且總是上了膛的。

我一貫主張控制槍支，奇怪的是我現(xiàn)在依然主張控制槍支。

以前我沒有槍，并不是因?yàn)槲覍τ嘘P(guān)犯罪的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料不了解，也不是因?yàn)槲易哉J(rèn)為可以不受暴力的襲擊。

以前我認(rèn)為自己不相信暴力，我自己也沒暴力傾向，所以我不會受到暴力的侵襲。我還認(rèn)為我對人性本善的信念會使這一假想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

我應(yīng)該把槍從住所帶到車上，但是我沒有這樣做。

這支槍可以做的、被用來做的，比它所能阻止的更讓我感到恐懼。

如果我?guī)е鴺尩臅r(shí)候遭到了襲擊，那我就一定會用它來殺人，而不僅僅是傷人。

我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的襲擊，并不是真的遇到這種事： 一個(gè)男子正在街上走。

我鎖上車，朝公寓走去，拿著鑰匙準(zhǔn)備開門。

還沒有走到門口，我覺得我聽到一個(gè)聲音在說，“把錢給我。”

在我打開門之前我又聽到了一個(gè)聲音，然后我轉(zhuǎn)過身，看到了一個(gè)持槍的人。

他很害怕。

我害怕我會嚇著他，致使他朝我開槍，我還擔(dān)心我把錢給他以后，他仍然會朝我開槍。我同樣也很生氣，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)我從未見過、也從未傷害過的人在用槍指著我。

我想象的這起搶劫中有某種令我不安的東西，這是我不愿承認(rèn)的東西，這是因?yàn)樾呃⒍晃矣幸饴匀サ臇|西。

我明白我為什么會想象自己遭到一個(gè)男子的搶劫：他們在身體上占有優(yōu)勢，而且我也從沒聽說有誰遭到過一個(gè)女人的搶劫。

但為什么這個(gè)人是個(gè)黑人呢?

為什么是個(gè)穿著破舊T恤, 雙眼發(fā)亮的黑人男子呢? 為什么不是個(gè)白人?

我想象我站在克萊爾本街和杰克遜街拐角處的一個(gè)加油站等待付款，這時(shí)，一個(gè)黑人從我身后走來。我沒有回頭，而是正眼朝前看，等著付款。

我盡量不表現(xiàn)出自己的焦慮，而這種焦慮的產(chǎn)生僅僅是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)名聲不好的街區(qū)的加油站有一個(gè)黑人從我身后走來，而且他沒有汽車。

我又想象另一種可能性。

當(dāng)我聽見那個(gè)聲音時(shí)，我正帶著槍在街上走。那人一定沒看見我的槍。

我很生氣，因?yàn)槲沂艿搅送{，因?yàn)橛腥藶榱说玫轿铱诖锏腻X而危及著我的生命。

于是我轉(zhuǎn)過身，既憤怒又恐懼，還未細(xì)想就開了槍。我也許只是因?yàn)?0或100美元就殺了一個(gè)人。他曾試圖搶劫我，可這一點(diǎn)并不重要。

一個(gè)人因?yàn)殄X而死，不一定是我的錢或者是他的錢，只是錢。是誰給他的生命如此標(biāo)價(jià)的呢?

我記得有一個(gè)晚上和朋友一起開著她父母的車，在卡爾頓街和圖蘭街交叉處遇到紅燈，車停了下來。這時(shí)有一個(gè)黑人從我們車前穿過馬路。我的朋友便不由自主地鎖上了車門。

我很討厭她一看到那個(gè)黑人就鎖上車門的舉動(dòng)。不知他是否注意到了我們這一舉動(dòng)。

不知當(dāng)別人一看到你就鎖上車門，那會是一種什么樣的感覺。

我又設(shè)想另外一種在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒的情景。當(dāng)一個(gè)人向我要錢時(shí)我正帶著槍。我很生氣又很害怕，但我沒有用槍。

我害怕在我不使用槍的情況下可能發(fā)生的事情，但我更害怕殺死別人，害怕在因?yàn)闅⒘巳硕沽夹脑馐艿臒o盡譴責(zé)中活著。

于是我以生命做賭注，希望他拿了我的錢就會離開。但愿我能贏。

現(xiàn)在我走進(jìn)了我家附近的一家加油站。一個(gè)黑人已經(jīng)在排隊(duì)等候。

他突然跳起來并轉(zhuǎn)過身，在看見我以后才放松下來，對我說我嚇著他了，因?yàn)檫@一帶常出事。

“對不起，”我微笑著說。我意識到擔(dān)驚受怕的并不只是我一個(gè)人。Unit8a 奇思妙想是如何形成的，現(xiàn)在還沒有令人滿意的解釋。

你對某一個(gè)問題思考了很久，直至感到疲勞，把它忘掉了，也許暫時(shí)不去想它了，可后來卻忽然來了靈感!當(dāng)你不去想它的時(shí)候，答案卻突然從天而降，仿佛上蒼賜予你的一份禮物。

當(dāng)然，并非所有的思想都是這樣產(chǎn)生的，但許多思想的產(chǎn)生確實(shí)如此，尤其是那些最為重要的思想。它們猛然間躍入人的腦海，閃爍著創(chuàng)造的光芒。

它們是如何出現(xiàn)在人的腦海中的呢?這還是個(gè)謎。但這些思想一定來自某個(gè)地方。我們姑且假定它們是來自“潛意識”吧。

這是有道理的，心理學(xué)家就是用這一術(shù)語來描述不為人知的思維過程。創(chuàng)造性思維有賴于未知的東西變成已知的東西。

我們都有過靈機(jī)一動(dòng)、突然有了一個(gè)新想法的經(jīng)歷，而這在那些富有創(chuàng)造性的天才人物身上最顯而易見。他們中的許多人對這種經(jīng)歷有著強(qiáng)烈的感受，并在回憶錄和信函中將其記錄了下來。

無論是宗教、哲學(xué)、文學(xué)，還是藝術(shù)、音樂，甚至數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、技術(shù)發(fā)明，在任何領(lǐng)域的天才人物身上，我們都能找到這樣的例子，雖然人們常常認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)以及技術(shù)發(fā)明所依賴的僅僅是邏輯和實(shí)驗(yàn)。一切真正創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)都在某種程度上依賴于潛意識中的這些信號；一個(gè)人洞察力越強(qiáng)，這些信號就越鮮明、越引人注目。

以理查德·瓦格納創(chuàng)作《萊茵河的黃金》的前奏曲為例。

有關(guān)“鐘聲”的創(chuàng)意瓦格納已經(jīng)構(gòu)思了幾年時(shí)間，而他竭盡全力著手進(jìn)行作曲也已經(jīng)數(shù)月。

1853年9月4日他抵達(dá)斯佩齊亞，當(dāng)時(shí)他正在生病。他去了一家旅館。由于旅館外面噪音太大，而他又在發(fā)燒，所以他無法入睡。第二天，他出去散步，走了很長的路，下午，他一頭扎進(jìn)沙發(fā)想睡一覺。這時(shí)候，他的潛意識長期以來一直在尋找的奇跡發(fā)生了。

他進(jìn)入了似睡非睡的朦朧狀態(tài)，驟然間感覺到自己仿佛掉進(jìn)了滔滔洪水之中, 不斷地下沉，很快，洪水的沖擊聲和咆哮聲以音樂的形式呈現(xiàn)在他的腦海里。

他意識到，久存于心中、卻始終未能譜寫成的《萊茵河的黃金》管弦樂前奏曲終于在他腦海里形成了。在這個(gè)事例中，意識在創(chuàng)作的時(shí)候?qū)Πl(fā)現(xiàn)答案的實(shí)際過程一無所知。

作為對照，我們可以舉一個(gè)有名的事例，即法國偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家亨利·龐加萊發(fā)現(xiàn)被稱為富克斯函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)新方法的故事。

我們看到，在這位天才人物身上，意識活動(dòng)事實(shí)上一直注視著潛意識所起的作用。一連幾個(gè)星期，他每天伏案工作，花上一兩個(gè)小時(shí)嘗試著大量的組合，但毫無結(jié)果。一天夜里，他一反常規(guī)，喝了些清咖啡，無法入睡。

許多想法在他腦子里不斷涌現(xiàn)；他幾乎能感覺到這些想法在相互碰撞，直到其中的兩個(gè)結(jié)合在一起，形成了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的組合。

到了早晨，他已經(jīng)確證了一類富克斯函數(shù)的存在。他只需去證明其結(jié)果，而這只需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)即可以解決。

在這件事中，我們看到意識一直注視著在潛意識中形成的新組合，而瓦格納的例子則顯示了一個(gè)新想法在意識中的突然迸發(fā)。笛卡爾23歲時(shí)所做過的、決定了他的人生道路的一些夢，可以作為第三種創(chuàng)造性經(jīng)歷的例證。在這之前，笛卡爾一直在尋找確定性，先是在書本里，然后是在人群中，但均未成功。

然后，在1619年11月10日的一次睡夢中，他有了一個(gè)意義重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即確定性只存在于自己的思想中，“我思，故我在”。

這場夢使他充滿了強(qiáng)烈的宗教熱情。

瓦格納、龐加萊和笛卡爾的經(jīng)歷代表了各個(gè)文化領(lǐng)域中無數(shù)其他的經(jīng)歷。潛意識無疑是本能活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的源泉。

然而，在創(chuàng)造性思維過程中，正是潛意識使得相對無序的成分變成新的有序形式。Unit8b 客人已經(jīng)到了, 但我又一次忘了把葡萄酒放進(jìn)冰箱里?！皠e擔(dān)心，” 一位朋友說，“我馬上就能替你把酒冰好?！?/p>

五分鐘后，她拿著完全冰鎮(zhèn)好的葡萄酒從廚房走出來。

當(dāng)被問到有什么秘訣時(shí)，她說：“我把葡萄酒倒進(jìn)塑料袋里，再把袋子浸入冰水中?！?/p>

客人們鼓掌喝彩。

其中一個(gè)說，“要是我們大家都能這么聰明, 該多好啊!”

十年來的研究使我確信, 我們都能變得那樣聰明。

普通人與愛迪生、畢加索或者莎士比亞之間的差別不在于是否有創(chuàng)造力, 而在于是否有通過激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性靈感并將這種靈感付諸實(shí)踐來利用創(chuàng)造力的能力。

我們大多數(shù)人很少能充分發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造潛力，可蘊(yùn)藏在我們每個(gè)人大腦里的思想寶庫是能夠被開啟的。

下面介紹幾種提高創(chuàng)造力的具體方法。

捕捉稍縱即逝的想法。

好的想法就像兔子，會飛快地溜走，有時(shí)我們只能看到它的耳朵或者尾巴。所以, 要抓住它必須有所準(zhǔn)備。

有創(chuàng)造力的人總是隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備采取行動(dòng)——這也許是我們與這些人之間的唯一差別。

1821年，路德維?！し病へ惗喾以诮o朋友的一封信中談到他在馬車上打盹時(shí)想到了一首美妙的曲子，“可我一醒來, 那首曲子便無影無蹤了，我怎么也記不起來?！?/p>

好在當(dāng)貝多芬第二天乘坐同一輛馬車時(shí)，那首曲子又回到了他的腦海，于是他把它記錄了下來，這對于貝多芬和我們都可謂是一件幸事。

有好主意的時(shí)候，把它寫下來——必要時(shí)就寫在手臂上。并非所有的想法都有價(jià)值, 但先捉住它, 以后再作評價(jià)。

冥思遐想。

畫家薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利經(jīng)常手拿著勺子躺在沙發(fā)上。當(dāng)他要入睡時(shí)，勺子就會掉到地板上的盤子里。

響聲會將他驚醒，他便立刻把在那個(gè)似睡非睡時(shí)的豐富世界里腦海中所浮現(xiàn)出來的眾多形象繪成草圖。人人都會經(jīng)歷這種奇特的狀態(tài)，并可以加以利用。不妨試一試達(dá)利的方法或者干脆讓自己隨心所欲地遐想。

身處“三地”——床、浴室和公共汽車——常常會使你產(chǎn)生奇思妙想。只要你的思維不受干擾，你就會才思如泉涌。

尋找挑戰(zhàn)。

試一試邀請你生活中不同領(lǐng)域的朋友和商業(yè)伙伴來參加晚會。

把不同年齡、不同社會地位的人組合在一起，會促使你用新的方法來思考問題。

美國最具創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)明家之一埃德溫·蘭德說，使他產(chǎn)生發(fā)明寶麗來相機(jī)這一想法的是他三歲的女兒。1943年在去圣菲游覽時(shí)，女兒問他，為什么她無法看到他剛剛拍攝的照片。

在接下來的一小時(shí)里，蘭德一邊在圣菲游覽，一邊在腦中匯聚著他學(xué)過的所有化學(xué)知識?！罢障鄼C(jī)和膠片對于我變得清晰可見。在我的腦海里，它們?nèi)绱苏鎸?shí)，我用了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)琢磨它們?！?/p>

拓展你的視野。

許多理工和人文科學(xué)方面的發(fā)現(xiàn)都融合了不同領(lǐng)域中的思想。以“兩繩問題”為例。

兩根相距甚遠(yuǎn)的繩子分別從天花板上垂下來。

盡管你無法同時(shí)夠到兩根繩子，但有沒有可能只用一把鉗子就把兩根繩子系到一起呢?

一位大學(xué)生把鉗子系到一根繩子上，然后讓它像鐘擺那樣擺動(dòng)起來。在繩子來回?cái)[動(dòng)的時(shí)候，他迅速走到另一根繩子那兒，將其盡量向前拉。當(dāng)擺動(dòng)的繩子靠近他時(shí)，他把它抓住，然后將兩根繩子系到一起。

當(dāng)被問到是如何取得成功時(shí)，這個(gè)大學(xué)生解釋道，他剛剛上完一堂有關(guān)擺動(dòng)的物理課。他是把課堂上學(xué)到的知識應(yīng)用到了一個(gè)完全不同的地方。

這個(gè)道理在其他方面也同樣有效。要提高創(chuàng)造力，就得學(xué)習(xí)新的知識。

如果你是銀行家，就學(xué)一學(xué)跳踢踏舞；如果你是護(hù)士，就學(xué)一學(xué)維他命療法。讀一本關(guān)于某一門新學(xué)科的書，不要總是讀同一家日報(bào)。

新的東西與舊的東西會以全新的、可能是非常誘人的方式結(jié)合起來。

要變得更有創(chuàng)造力意味著你得留心你那些無窮無盡的想法, 學(xué)會捕捉你腦子里的新東西，并將之付諸行動(dòng)。Unit9a 一個(gè)大學(xué)教授的學(xué)生可能多達(dá)百人或百人以上，也可能少至三人。不管有多少學(xué)生，這當(dāng)中總有一個(gè)學(xué)生與眾不同，甚至是出類拔萃。不管教授的問題有多艱深，這種學(xué)生似乎都知道該如何作答。而且不管要求什么時(shí)候交功課，他都能按時(shí)交，而且不犯一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。

你當(dāng)然知道有這樣的學(xué)生，也許他會激起你心中的怨氣。

當(dāng)然了，能成為這樣的人會是一件非常美妙的事情，但是因?yàn)椴皇悄惚救吮憩F(xiàn)得那么優(yōu)秀，你拿不出高分，也不能游刃有余地完成作業(yè)，于是怨氣越積越多。你也許會自問：“為什么我就不能像那家伙一樣呢？為什么我就成不了出類拔萃的人呢？” 那我現(xiàn)在就告訴你，你能成為那樣的人。

作為一個(gè)大學(xué)生，我對好學(xué)生和差學(xué)生所體現(xiàn)出的不同之處非常感興趣。

我并沒有坐著不動(dòng)，也沒有嫉恨好學(xué)生，相反，我決定以此為己任去調(diào)查是什么神秘的原因讓他們表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異。

在訪談了很多優(yōu)秀學(xué)生及其教授后，我通過分析得出了幾條建議，任何人都可以采納這幾條建議來激發(fā)自己身上的優(yōu)秀潛質(zhì)，使自己更上一層樓。

第一條建議是：不要拖欠。

對于學(xué)習(xí)，開始動(dòng)手就很難，但如果你想把三周的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)在一個(gè)周末就搞定，幾乎是不可能的。即使閱讀速度最快的人也難以完成。

再說了，如果該交的書面作業(yè)你拖欠了的話，就是老師后面收了也會扣你的分。或許他根本就不接受遲交的作業(yè)。

大多數(shù)老師都認(rèn)為，你應(yīng)該有合理的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，并且要認(rèn)真對待。不能處理好學(xué)習(xí)和時(shí)間問題的學(xué)生是難以有機(jī)會出頭的。

學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)大問題就是如何應(yīng)付大量的學(xué)習(xí)資料；東西太多了，你簡直不知道何從下手。很多人可能想從最容易的做起，然而，這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的。得考慮換種方式。

應(yīng)該總是從最困難的地方入手，先除掉攔路虎。也許這需要你投入更多的精力。

如果你開始就選擇從難的部分下手，你就會投入更多的精力。

如果任務(wù)個(gè)個(gè)都看起來一樣簡單（或困難），那就把最喜歡的留到最后做。

在十一點(diǎn)半的時(shí)候你會更愿意去閱讀那些聽起來都的確有趣的政治學(xué)文章，而不太情愿去學(xué)習(xí)法語不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，那任務(wù)讓人覺得十分枯燥，但又不能不做。完成困難的后再做有趣的會讓人覺得這是對自己的犒勞。這是第二條建議。

第三條建議跟考試有關(guān)。

盡管我們在學(xué)校里參加過千百次的考試，但我們卻很少停下來想想怎樣考好試?？荚嚳嫉煤玫娜瞬⒉皇邱R不停蹄做到底，見一個(gè)問題就答一個(gè)。首先，他們快速通讀試題。

接著，他們集中精力完成自己掌握得最好的部分，因?yàn)橛凶孕牛曰卮鸬靡部?。最后他們才處理有一定難度的問題。

對你來說，適應(yīng)這一套應(yīng)付考試的做法可能顯得怪異，但它確實(shí)會對你有好處。

這三條建議會讓你學(xué)業(yè)更加成功。

如果你問一下自己周圍表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的同學(xué)，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的好點(diǎn)子。

要向他人學(xué)習(xí)，采用他們的方法來改善自己的學(xué)習(xí)狀況，這樣你肯定會提高自己的學(xué)業(yè)成績。過一段時(shí)間后，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，你自己就是一個(gè)“與眾不同”的人。然后你也會注意到其他學(xué)生正妒忌你或者想方設(shè)法去發(fā)現(xiàn)你的秘訣。Unit9b 這個(gè)問題無處不在。從走廊到校園的每個(gè)角落到處都能聽到這個(gè)問題。每個(gè)人都在問這個(gè)問題。它是新的流行詞匯，新的搭訕語，比“你是什么星座的？”用得還多。不過我卻難以作答。我討厭這個(gè)問題。

我的專業(yè)尚未確定，就跟那些尚在腹中剛剛開始孕育的嬰兒一樣。而且，按照我的態(tài)勢，我只能等著流產(chǎn)了?？粗晒┻x擇的專業(yè)目錄，我還是拿不定主意。我會因?yàn)楠q豫不決而不得不退學(xué)嗎？

如果這個(gè)難題解決不了，我的生活會沒有了快樂嗎？

明天是確定專業(yè)的最后一天。最后一天哪！

其他每個(gè)人都在快樂地生活著，他們都選定了學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，憧憬著未來。這個(gè)決定實(shí)在是重大之極，我仍然沒有取得大的進(jìn)展?！氨轮保迸笥褌儠f，“你總還可以學(xué)商業(yè)”。

商業(yè)？ 我不干。我是個(gè)藝術(shù)家。寧死也不學(xué)商業(yè)。

實(shí)際上，我甚至連大學(xué)都可以不上，只要出去闖世界就行了，我出眾的技藝和能力很快就會得到認(rèn)同。就在我命運(yùn)即將被決定的前夜，我父母設(shè)宴款待他們的兩個(gè)朋友。

終于可以歇口氣了！

難道我父母的朋友會關(guān)心專業(yè)什么的？

我可以心平氣和地吃飯，可以暫時(shí)擺脫這個(gè)問題休息幾小時(shí)了。不過我錯(cuò)了，他們談的內(nèi)容都跟專業(yè)有關(guān)。

他倆都把自己的專業(yè)講給我聽，還對我該選什么專業(yè)發(fā)表意見。盡管如此，他們的建議根本不能讓我在選專業(yè)的道路上有任何進(jìn)展，而是讓我更加糊涂。

我們的客人似乎都不太適合他們所選的工作。

就說艾爾肯斯醫(yī)生吧，他宣稱自己是外科手術(shù)專家，可連切肉都成問題。而艾伯森先生雖然是個(gè)海軍飛行員，卻連飯都喂不到嘴里去。他老是把飯往地板上掉。

我無法想象他開戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的技術(shù)會是什么樣子。

飯吃完了，客人也離開了，夜更深了，而我的專業(yè)還是處于“未定”狀態(tài)。

我把專業(yè)目錄拿出來，又開始一頁頁地翻看起可選的專業(yè)來，這都翻得有上百萬次了。計(jì)算機(jī)？ 學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)的人已經(jīng)數(shù)不勝數(shù)了。漢語？

我倒是一直想去中國，但似乎我到中國也用不著學(xué)漢語專業(yè)，甚至也不需要流利地說漢語。機(jī)械？ 不。廣告？ 還是不行。真是沒指望了。

像其他大學(xué)生常常做的一樣，我決定只管睡上一陣子，只要早點(diǎn)醒來，我就能給這個(gè)巨難的問題找到答案。我也鬧不太清楚為什么大學(xué)生會認(rèn)為他們的大腦在凌晨兩點(diǎn)到六點(diǎn)之間會發(fā)生特殊的處理過程，讓他們一下子把事情都弄清楚。

這辦法過去對我是管用的，但這次卻失效了。

實(shí)際上，跟其他大學(xué)生也常常可能遇到的情形一樣，我睡過頭了，早上10點(diǎn)才醒過來, 錯(cuò)過了第一堂課──英語文學(xué)概況。我還有三個(gè)小時(shí)來決定將來致力于哪個(gè)工作，或者做隨便什么事情。我總還可以學(xué)商業(yè)。

在沖向?qū)W校的時(shí)候，我路過了一家電影院，那里正在上映《一次不夠》。這部電影取材于杰奎琳·蘇珊的暢銷小說，大衛(wèi)·簡森主演。等等！電影，我喜歡電影！

我可以學(xué)習(xí)電影專業(yè)。不行，沒有電影這個(gè)專業(yè)。

“但有電影制作專業(yè)”，我想起來了。就是它了！

我曾經(jīng)迷茫，但現(xiàn)在我找回自我了。我有專業(yè)了！

十五年后，我想起了我那些朋友，他們當(dāng)時(shí)確定了專業(yè)，滿懷信心地開始自己的大學(xué)生涯。

想起那些到處問“你學(xué)什么專業(yè)？”的朋友們，現(xiàn)在他們中極少有人從事自己當(dāng)初所選專業(yè)方面的工作。我最后也沒有成為電影制作人。有時(shí)候我仍然感到自己專業(yè)“未定”。

只要你的大學(xué)生活是豐富多彩的，你學(xué)什么專業(yè)真的無關(guān)緊要。你要參加自己感興趣的活動(dòng)，樂于了解這個(gè)世界。你有充足的時(shí)間來決定將來做什么工作。Unit10a 我祖父母認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人要么誠實(shí)，要么不誠實(shí)，兩者之間沒有折中可言。

在他們起居室的墻上掛著一句樸實(shí)無華的格言：“生活如新雪覆蓋的大地，走過之處必定留下足跡。” 他們沒有必要去用語言作出解釋, 因?yàn)樗麄冇米约旱纳罘绞接∽C了這一真理。

他們生來就認(rèn)為，所謂正直，就是有自己的道德界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，既不貪財(cái)圖利，也不因所處的環(huán)境而妥協(xié)。正直是判斷自身行為的心靈標(biāo)尺。

遺憾的是，正直這一品格如今已不多見，而且越來越難尋覓了。

但它卻是社會各領(lǐng)域的真正基礎(chǔ)，也是我們必須要求自己遵循的一條原則。

檢驗(yàn)這一價(jià)值觀的一個(gè)好辦法就是運(yùn)用本人所說的“正直三角原則”，即下列三大原則：

在面對個(gè)人壓力的時(shí)候要堅(jiān)定自己的信念。

有這樣一個(gè)故事，講的是一位外科護(hù)士第一天到一家知名醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療小組協(xié)助手術(shù)的故事。她的責(zé)任是確保將手術(shù)中的每樣手術(shù)器械和手術(shù)材料都如數(shù)清點(diǎn)好。

這位護(hù)士對主刀醫(yī)生說：“您只拿出了11塊止血紗布，而我們一共用了12塊。我們必須找到最后那一塊紗布。”

“我全拿出來了，” 外科醫(yī)生肯定地對她說?！艾F(xiàn)在開始縫合刀口。”

“您不能這樣做，先生，”護(hù)士堅(jiān)決反對，“我們應(yīng)該為病人著想?！?/p>

醫(yī)生露出了笑容，他抬起腳，讓護(hù)士看到了第12塊紗布。

“你在這家醫(yī)院或其他任何一家醫(yī)院都會干得很出色的?！彼每隙ǖ恼Z氣對她說。

所以，當(dāng)你確信自己是正確的，就決不能讓步。

總是給予別人他們應(yīng)得的表揚(yáng)。

不要害怕那些主意比你妙甚至比你聰明的人。

戴維·奧格爾維是奧美廣告公司的創(chuàng)始人，他送給新任命的各部門主管每人一個(gè)俄羅斯套娃，每個(gè)套娃從大到小依次有五個(gè)娃娃，以此來說明這個(gè)道理。

最小的那個(gè)娃娃里面裝著奧格爾維要告訴他們的話：“如果我們每個(gè)人都聘用比我們小的人，那么我們的公司就會變成一個(gè)矮子公司。但是如果我們每個(gè)人都聘用比我們大的人，那么奧美廣告公司就會變成一家巨人公司。”

而奧美廣告公司后來真的變成了巨人——國際上規(guī)模最大、名望最高的廣告公司之一。

要誠實(shí)坦白地表現(xiàn)真正的自我。

缺乏實(shí)實(shí)在在內(nèi)涵的人會去依靠外部因素——如長相或地位——來保持良好的自我感覺。他們必然會不擇手段地去維護(hù)自己的這種假面具，而不太會去努力提高自己的內(nèi)涵和素質(zhì)。

因此，要表現(xiàn)出真正的自我。

別去設(shè)法掩蓋生活中那些不盡人意的方面。

正如羅伯特·舒勒所說，“艱苦的時(shí)光終將過去，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人必將苦盡甘來?！?換言之，要正視現(xiàn)實(shí)，要以成熟的心態(tài)去迎接生活的挑戰(zhàn)。

自尊和問心無愧是正直的兩個(gè)重要組成部分，也是加深你與他人關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。

為人正直意味著去做你應(yīng)該做的事，因?yàn)槟鞘菍Φ?，而不是因?yàn)楹虾醭绷骰蛴狭苏紊系男枰?。在生活中如果能?jiān)持原則，抵制住放松道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的種種誘惑，那你就會永遠(yuǎn)立于不敗之地。這樣，你在跨入21世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，就不必為自己過去的所做所為而抱憾。這就是我祖父祖母教給我的做人的道理。Unit10b 對一代又一代的學(xué)生來說，寫學(xué)期論文即使不是最可怕的作業(yè)，也至少一直是讓他們頭疼和沮喪的主要原因。

但是對于那些可以上網(wǎng)的人來說，借助幾次鏈接就可以竊取到相關(guān)的資料。

當(dāng)代學(xué)生若想抄襲學(xué)期論文，用不著費(fèi)勁去查找。

他只要找對網(wǎng)址，就可以在那兒購買、預(yù)定或免費(fèi)下載網(wǎng)上的論文。

例如在“大學(xué)關(guān)心網(wǎng)助研中心”就能辦到。

你想“寫”一篇關(guān)于“哈姆雷特所面臨的不可調(diào)和的道德困境”的論文嗎? 只要交上29.75美元，文章就歸你了。

對于那些覺得這還太貴的人來說，可以另覓他法。

“大學(xué)關(guān)心網(wǎng)”以每頁5.95美元的價(jià)格出售收錄在檔的現(xiàn)成論文，且“論文質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)低”。這樣，對于那些在乎價(jià)格的學(xué)生來說，買上幾頁就可大功告成了。

“論文精粹”是另一個(gè)學(xué)生援助網(wǎng)站，它提供“優(yōu)質(zhì)” 而“價(jià)廉”的學(xué)期論文。“讓您稱心、保您成功”，這是該網(wǎng)站向潛在客戶夸下的?？?。

如果你實(shí)在太懶或?qū)嵲谔?，沒時(shí)間寫學(xué)期論文，那么“論文精粹”時(shí)刻恭候著你。只要一次性交費(fèi)9.95美元，你就能在一整學(xué)期看到別人的論文。

有的網(wǎng)址，如“學(xué)期論文大賣場”和“絕對免費(fèi)：網(wǎng)上論文”免費(fèi)提供課程論文。也就是說，只要你找到了想要的文章，你只需按一下鍵，然后下載即可。

當(dāng)然，學(xué)生們對這些網(wǎng)上資源了如指掌，于是有人擔(dān)心，因特網(wǎng)一旦成為廣受歡迎的最佳學(xué)習(xí)工具，也可能會變成作弊的最佳輔助手段。

對于教師來說，他們面對的問題是要分辨學(xué)生是否是論文的真正作者。

不過，據(jù)簡·莫里森助教解釋，對于眼光敏銳的老師來說，這件事也許不太難。

“如果文章是來自因特網(wǎng)，學(xué)生會不敢正眼看我，他們會表現(xiàn)出不安，只是低頭看著自己的雙腳。而如果論文是自己一字一句寫出來的，這樣的學(xué)生能就自己的文章侃侃而談，而且敢正視我?！蹦锷f。

抄襲學(xué)期論文并不是什么新鮮事，多年來人們一直在用盜來的知識財(cái)富做交易。但是因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)提出了這樣一個(gè)問題：這種新技術(shù)是否在使作弊變得更為普遍?

伯克利大學(xué)的一位高級管理人員對此表示懷疑?！皩ο胍鞅椎膶W(xué)生來說，不管技術(shù)水平如何，他都會作弊。認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)這種新工具會提高作弊的發(fā)生率，我覺得這是一種偏激的觀點(diǎn)?！奔永铩h德曼說。

這一觀點(diǎn)得到了伯克利大學(xué)一位名叫阿里亞尼·徹諾克的研究生的支持。他說，學(xué)生們最終還是要靠自己來判斷怎樣做對自己最有利。

“這是個(gè)關(guān)乎誠實(shí)與否的問題。我們來這兒是學(xué)知識的，所以我們應(yīng)該充分利用這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會?！?/p>

再則，有創(chuàng)造力的教師可以布置出學(xué)生無法作弊的作業(yè)來。

“如果你布置的作業(yè)新穎獨(dú)特，比如學(xué)生們必須根據(jù)給定的內(nèi)容寫一份講義、寫一個(gè)劇本，或用第一人稱寫一篇敘述文，那么你就能制止來路不正的作業(yè)?！眻D書館媒體教師萊斯利·法默如是說。

有的專家說，這種策略將從根本上迫使學(xué)生去更多地學(xué)習(xí)，而不只是下載網(wǎng)上的資料。

第四篇：語文期末復(fù)習(xí)題(有答案)

語文期末復(fù)習(xí)題

一、把成語或詩句補(bǔ)充完整，并寫出所填字的意思。

膽（戰(zhàn)）心驚 發(fā)抖 時(shí)人不（識）余心樂 知道（鮮）為人知 少 不（解）藏蹤跡 懂得

驚濤（駭）浪 驚嚇 怕得魚驚不（應(yīng)）人 回答 茅塞（塞）開 立刻 如（履）平地 踩

聲色（俱）厲 全，都 群雄（紛）爭 眾多，雜亂 眾志（成）城 成為（蔚）為壯觀 盛大

二、根據(jù)課文完成練習(xí)

1、這學(xué)期，我們從課文中了解幾位不平凡人物，請回憶相關(guān)內(nèi)容，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語來概括他們的特點(diǎn)。

艄公機(jī)智勇敢 竺可楨一絲不茍 諸葛亮雄才大略

劉備求賢若渴 愛因斯坦平易近人 宋慶齡一身正氣

2、學(xué)習(xí)了《天鵝的故事》和《生命的壯歌》這兩篇課文后，我們不僅為天鵝、螞蟻、羚 羊勇于獻(xiàn)身無私奉獻(xiàn)的精神所折服，不由得贊嘆道：“一花獨(dú)放不是春，萬紫千紅春滿園?！保ㄌ顚懝沤衩洌?/p>

3、學(xué)習(xí)了《走，我們?nèi)ブ矘洹?、《沙漠中的綠洲》和《云雀的心愿》這幾篇課 文，保護(hù)環(huán)境、植樹造林的重要性。

4、青的草，綠的芽，都像趕集似的聚攏來，形成了爛漫無比的春天。

5、自然界的種種生物真是人類的好老師：從飛行整齊的大雁那里，我們懂得 了紀(jì)律的重要；人類還從蒼蠅、蚊子、蜜蜂得到了啟示，發(fā)明了新式飛機(jī)；我 還知道人類從蝙蝠身上得到啟示發(fā)明了雷達(dá)。

6、樟樹四季常青，無論是夏天還是冬天，他們總是那么蓬蓬勃勃。

7、《池上》和《小兒垂釣》這兩首詩都傳神地刻畫了鄉(xiāng)村孩子天真可愛的形象。請寫出描寫鄉(xiāng)村孩子形象的詩句： 《池上》：小娃撐小艇,偷采白蓮回?！缎捍贯灐罚号铑^稚子學(xué)垂綸，側(cè)坐莓臺草映身。

請?jiān)趯懗鰞删涿鑼憙和脑娋洌?牧童騎黃牛，歌聲振林樾。

8、“番茄太陽”在文中一共出現(xiàn)了三次，第一次出現(xiàn)是指太陽；第二次出現(xiàn)時(shí)是 指明明的笑臉 ；第三次出現(xiàn)時(shí)是指明明美好的心靈。

9、本學(xué)期，我的收獲可真不少：我從《蘋果里的五角星》里的小男孩身上學(xué)到 了創(chuàng)造力來源于打破常規(guī)的思維方式；我從《我不是最弱小的》中的薩沙身上懂得 了我們都應(yīng)該保護(hù)比自己弱小的，我知道了小云雀的心愿

是讓沙漠重新變成綠洲，通過學(xué)習(xí)我知道森林有調(diào)節(jié)氣候、防風(fēng)降噪、凈化空氣等 作用，難怪詩人在課文第一篇就號召少先隊(duì)員們走，我們?nèi)ブ矘洹?/p>

10、世界建筑大師格羅培斯從一位老太太買葡萄采取的“給人自由，任其選擇”的 上受到啟發(fā)，讓迪士尼施工部在樂園里：撒下草種，提前開放。參觀者踩出來的小 道有寬有窄，優(yōu)雅自然。第二年，他讓人按照踩出來的痕跡鋪設(shè)人行道。由此看

來創(chuàng)造力往小處說其實(shí)就是尊重他人相信他人，給人自由與選擇的方式其本身就是一種選擇。

11、大自然中許多生物都是人類的老師，如：人們從魚兒身上受到啟發(fā)，發(fā)明 了潛水艇；我們從老齡羊身上感悟到勇于獻(xiàn)身的大無畏精神；從老天鵝身上感 悟到勇于獻(xiàn)身的精神；我還從終日忙碌的燕子那里，認(rèn)識

到勤勞的可貴。課文里許多人物也是我們的老師，如公儀休清正廉明的品格，黃

河的主人勇敢智慧的品質(zhì)，劉備請諸葛亮出上山輔佐做自己時(shí)的統(tǒng)一大業(yè)做法都很值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。

12、這學(xué)期，我們積累了不少古詩：千里鶯啼綠映紅，水村山郭酒旗風(fēng)。小荷才 露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上頭。這四句詩分別是杜牧和楊萬里所作。前兩句

詩描寫的春季的景色，后兩句詩描寫的是夏季的景色。課外你還積累了描寫美景的詩 句：竹外桃花三兩枝，春江水暖鴨先知。

三、拓展與積累

1、來源于象棋中的詞語有：馬后炮、丟車保帥；來源于《三國演義》中的詞語有： 刮骨療毒、樂不思蜀 ；《三國演義》是我國四大古典名著之一，請你寫出其他三部中 的任意一部西游記；本學(xué)期我們還認(rèn)識了不少著名的書法家：趙孟頫、米芾、還 有王羲之、歐陽詢、顏真卿、柳公權(quán)、蘇軾。

2、請寫出團(tuán)結(jié)合作的成語及有關(guān)賢文。成語： 齊心協(xié)力、萬眾一心、眾志成城 古今賢文：人心齊，泰山移。

3、李悅悅成績很好，考試成績名列前茅，他對班上的其他同學(xué)嗤（chī）之以鼻，不把它 們放在眼里。身為好朋友的你，你會這樣勸慰她：獨(dú)腳難行，孤掌難鳴。（填寫古今名句）

4、學(xué)習(xí)了《第一次抱母親》一課后，我們更感受到母愛都會想到唐代詩人孟郊的詩句： “誰言寸草心，報(bào)得三春暉?！?/p>

5、“輕而易舉、舉世聞名、唯才是舉、外舉不避仇”，這詞語中“舉”的意思相同的詞語 是：唯才是舉、外舉不避仇。

6、人心齊，泰山移。只要我們齊心協(xié)力，就沒有克服不了的困難。

7、三個(gè)臭皮匠，賽過諸葛亮。這句話的意思是：人多智慧多，遇事能想出好辦法。請你再寫出表示這種意思的名句：一個(gè)籬笆三個(gè)樁，一個(gè)好漢三個(gè)幫。

8、根據(jù)故事寫人物 桃園三結(jié)義：（劉備）、（關(guān)羽）、（張飛）

過五關(guān)，斬六將：(關(guān)羽)空城計(jì)：（諸葛亮）樂不思蜀：（劉禪）青梅煮酒：（曹操）（劉備）

9、真知不像嘩啦啦的小溪，也不像紅艷艷的桃李。它像美玉，像原油，只有用“探索”這部鉆機(jī)，才能探知它的秘密??

四、根據(jù)要求背誦的片段完成練習(xí)。

1、荒灘、溝渠、山坡、公路??到處回蕩著紅領(lǐng)巾的歡聲笑語。“紅領(lǐng)巾”指的 是少先隊(duì)員。

2、一棵樹就是一座綠色工廠，片片枝葉都是快樂的音符，給我們送來清新的空氣，讓每個(gè)人都健康、幸福。這里運(yùn)用了比喻的方法，生動(dòng)形象的寫出了植樹給我們帶來的好處。

第五篇：新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫2答案

新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二版第二冊課后練習(xí)答案 unit 1 Section A: Vocabulary III.1.charge 2.convention 3.efficient 4.obtain 5.competent 6.asessing 7.fulfill 8.conducting 9.consequently 10.significance IV.1.behind 2.at 3.in 4.out 5.to 6.to 7.in 8.with 9.but 10.for V.1.L 2.C 3.D 4.N 5.O 6.A 7.E 8.G 9.I 10.K Word Building VI.1.commitment 2.attraction 3.appointment 4.impression 5.civilization 6.composition 7.confusion 8.congratulation 9.consideration 10.explanation 11.acquisition 12.depression VII.1.advisable 2.disirable 3.favorable 4.considerable 5.remarkable 6.preferable 7.drinkable 8.acceptable Sentence Structure VIII.1.much less can he write English articles 2.much less can he manage a big company 3.much less could he carry it upstairs 4.much less have I spoken to him 5.much less to read a lot outside of it IX.1.Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive.2.We thought she was rather proud,whereas in fact she was just very shy.3.We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us.4.Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.5.Some praise him highly,whereas others put him down severely.Translation X.1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner.2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.XI.1.我認(rèn)為他不會搶劫,更不用說暴力搶劫了.2.男工平均工資每小時(shí)10美元,而女工才每小時(shí)7美元.3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破壞,就會帶來很多不可預(yù)知的影響.4.期終考試迫在眉睫,你最好多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間看書.5.有趣的是,消費(fèi)者發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難以辨別某些品牌的原產(chǎn)國.其部分原因來自于全球化帶來的影響,部分原因是由于產(chǎn)地的變化.6.最近一次調(diào)查表明,婦女占總勞動(dòng)力的40%.Cloze XII.1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A Section B Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B Vocabulary III.1.utilize 2.reject 3.considerable 4.temporary 5.acceptable 6.recognition 7.alleviate 8.appreciate 9.furthermore 10.interact IV.1.interact with 2.gone through 3.deal with 4.recovered with 5.adjusting to 6.familiar to 7.In spite of 8.were tired of 9.prevented from 10.came to unit2 Section A Vocabulary III.1.promosing 2.amusing 3.lowered 4.persisted 5.rank 6.swear 7.unfair 8.presence 9.frowning 10.approximately IV.1.on 2.upon 3.on 4.in 5.by 6.to 7.in 8.of 9.on 10.out V.1.O 2.K 3.D 4.H 5.J 6.E 7.M 8.G 9.B 10.A Word Building VI.1.observeskier: one who skis 3.visitlearner:one who learns something 5.reportdrinker:one who often drinks alcohol,esp.too much VII.1.tropical 2.musical 3.occasional 4.environmental 5.global 6.dangerous 7.natural 8.central Sentence structure VIII.1.They didn't lose heart despite of lots of frustration.2.Despite the heavy rain,the boys played football in the yard all afternoon.3.I will try my best despite the slim chances of success.4.Despite a thorough search for the escaped prisoner in the mountain,no sign of him was found.5.Despite their increased income,their life became poorer because of the rising prices.IX.1.nor do I think it necessary to do so 2.nor would they go to my sister's 3.nor do we have her telephone number 4.nor would I like to go to work immediately 5.nor would I Translation X.1.Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.2.Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation.3.The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer.4.He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.5.The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6.This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.XI.1.盡管那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃一開始就證明是不切實(shí)際的,但是他們還是堅(jiān)持要實(shí)施.2.我無法說服他接受這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,也無法使他認(rèn)識到這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的重要性.3.你是怎么把那么多東西塞進(jìn)這個(gè)小行李箱的? 4.別人對他怎么看,他全不在意.5.我能否指出你犯了個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤.6.他母親讓他開車慢一點(diǎn)兒,但是他從不把她的話放在心上.Cloze XII.1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D Section B Reading skills I.1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.B Vocabulary III.1.sake 2.sacrificed 3.crack 4.pursuing 5.explosive 6.overcome 7.indicated 8.opponents 9.stripped 10.denied IV.1.Natasha made herself stand out in the group interview by acting as the leader in her group.2.To be successful,you need a careful plan,good luck,help at the right time,and above all,hard work.3.They are not doing this to gain recognition or money;they are doing this for the sake of society.4.It was actually what he said rather than what he did that made me sad.5.Once my mother sets her mind on something,it will be very hard to stop her.6.Years of research had set the stage for their success in their field.7.Local people are used to the phenomenon,so they are not surprised at all.8.Today at this meeting we are going to focus on the question of air pollution.9.He never expected that his best friend would charge him with cheating in the exam.10.His parents were so strict with him in his studies that he had little time to participate in any activities outside of class.unit3 Section A Vocabulary III.1.mutual 2.illusion 3.canceled 4.overlooked 5.proceeded 6.resolve 7.prejudice 8.compromise 9.confirm 10.subsequently IV.1.having nothing to do with 2.taking care of 3.met with 4.on the surface 5.work out 6.incompatible with 7.ups and downs 8.learned of 9.indication of 10.all along V.1.M 2.L 3.F 4.D 5.H 6.O 7.A 8.C 9.I 10.K Word Building VI.1.shopping 2.feeling 3.storage 4.cooking 5.ending 6.beginning 7.gathering 8.removal 9.arrival 10.passage 11.writing 12.marriage VII.1.relationship 2.citizenship 3.leadership 4.membership 5.boyhood 6.livelihood 7.brotherhood 8.authorship 9.adulthood 10.neighborhood 11.wisdom 12.ownership Sentence structure VIII.1.It is never too bad for us to do something about the situation.2.One is never too old to learn.3.It is never too late for you to put a stop to this madness.4.It is never too late for you to mend your ways.5.His income was never too small to support his family.IX.1.My best friend,Anna,was here last night.2.The company manager,Mr.Madison,gathered his staff and announced the decision.3.You should have seen an ophthalmologist, an eye doctor.4.He sent for the accountant,the most experienced person in accounting.5.“Leave it to me,” said David,the man on night duty.Translation X.1.You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.2.There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there.3.Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.4.Though he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.5.I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.6.She isn't particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.XI.1.應(yīng)盡早告知年輕人:必須認(rèn)真對待法律.2.他現(xiàn)在面臨一個(gè)重要決定,這個(gè)決定可能會影響他的整個(gè)前程.3.即使在情況最糟糕的時(shí)候,你也必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜和信心.4.人際關(guān)系的成功與否與雙方相處是否融洽以及交流是否順暢有很大關(guān)系.5.他受到襲擊,身受重傷,隨后不治而亡.6.他的舉止至少在表面上像個(gè)正常人。Cloze XII.1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.D Section B Reading skills I.1.F 2.F 3.O 4.F 5.O 6.O 7.O 8.F 9.O 10.F Comprehension of the Text II.1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D Vocabulary III.1.arrange 2.criticism 3.innocent 4.criticizing 5.miserable 6.modest 7.compelled 8.somehow 9.anticipate 10.birlliant IV.1.on 2.from...to 3.off 4.with 5.away 6.about 7.over 8.On 9.Concerning 10.to

unit4

Section A: Vocabulary III.1.forbid 2.identical 3.objectino 4.warmth 5.volunteers 6.overseas 7.declined 8.resisted 9.fancy 10.decrease/decline IV.1.without fail 2.volunteer for 3.as long as 4.right away 5.more than thankful...for 7.wrote back 8.forbidden from 9.vanished into 10.was free to V.1.O 2.J 3.G 4.H 5.L 6.A 7.E 8.B 9.C 10.N Word Building VI.1.sadness 2.weakness 3.carelessness 4.illness 5.darkness 6.kindness 7.laziness 8.nervousness VII.1.noisy 2.wealthy 3.sunny 4.lucky 5.tasty 6.healthy 7.angry 8.icy Sentence structure VIII.1.It is necessary for the manager to finish the whole task before leaving for a holiday.2.It is a shame to take so much money for doing so little.6.am 3.It is our responsibility to help people around us who are in trouble.4.It is a surprise for us all to realize he has been cheating us.5.It is pleasant fro the mother to see her daughter growing into a young lady.IX.1.as long as she got her father's agreement 2.As long as you set a goal for yourself 3.As long as she covers all the expenses herself 4.as long as she does her job well 5.As long as you never lose heart Translation X.1.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.2.It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3.You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.4.Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than a little interested in it.5.Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come and go as he pleases.6.Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishes to say something to me.XI.1.現(xiàn)如今,僅僅受過中等教育的人要想找份好工作越來越難了。2.留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒.3.如果你對所購物品不滿意,我們將很樂意退款.4.我們對這塊偉大的美麗的土地心懷感激之情,多年來它迎接了眾多的人來這里的海灘游覽.5.讓老師吃驚的是,沒人自愿當(dāng)班長.6.那條狗忠心耿耿地繼續(xù)在火車站等待主人,直到兩年后死去.Cloze XII.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.C Section B: Reading skills I.1.I am almost dead.2.I am moving across the landscape.3.I have achieved a modest amount of prosperity.4.A friend convinces me to go on a blind date with a lady friend of his.5.Roma gets a faraway look in her eyes.Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A Vocabulary III.1.insurance 2.descended 3.precision 4.trace 5.stain 6.specify 7.accustomed 8.embraced 9.knelt 10.prosperity IV.1.The Rockefeller family achieved a hugh amount of prosperity in the oil business.2.What all workers have in common is expecting better working conditions.3.You don't know what his feelings will be,as they change from day to day.4.This is generally a warm place,but we do get freezing weather on occasion.5.Every year at Christmas drunk driving takes its toll on the joyful atmosphere.6.Many people still cling to the hope that one day there will be place between the two countries.7.He was so angry that he lost control.8.The climate in Alaska is a far cry from that of Florida.9.How on earth did she manage to pass the test? 10.His career as a teacher came to an end when he broke his leg,but he continued to write textbooks for students.unit 5 Section A: Vocabulary III.1.hardened 2.shelter 3.slim 4.weaken 5.Literally 6.noticeable 7.bunch 8.drag 9.grateful 10.hooked IV.1.leaned on 2.close at hand 3.die of 4.are starved of 5.coupled with 6.is directed...at 7.are...dressed in 8.grateful to 9.struggling to 10.a bunch of V.1.J 2.G 3.K 4.M 5.E 6.0 7.D 8.H 9.A 10.C Word Building VI.1.Under the pleasant situation the property prices are just beginning to harden again.2.In the past few years,these inside conflicts have weakened the government's position.3.Every Sunday the father takes his child to libraries,museums,exhibitions or natural parks,as he believes that this helps to broaden the child's mind.4.The days are lengthening as summer approaches.5.As she was waiting for the result to come out,her excitement heightened.6.The taking on of a new secretary lightened his workload considerably.7.As he listened to his assistant reporting on the progress of the project,the manager's face darkened with anger.8.Before night fell,the setting sun reddened the clouds.VII.1.arrival 2.expectations 3.understandable 4.Visitors 5.freedom 6.profitable 7.lucky 8.gathering Sentence structure VIII.1.John went to the cinema with his brother,which surprised me.2.The boy broke the window,for which he was criticized by the teacher.3.He tore up my photo,by which I was angered very much.4.It was raining hard,for which the team stayed indoors.5.Connie changed her mind for the second time,which came as no surprise to us.IX.1.The teacher spoke so quietly that the students could hardly hear her.2.The lecture was so boring that many listeners fell asleep.3.The student has so many books that he does not know what to do with them.4.The old man was so ill that his neighbors had to send for a doctor.5.Her remarks are so funny that everyone laughs to tears.Translation X.1.He spoke confidently,which impressed me most.2.My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.3.I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.4.The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.5.Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business.6.They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.XI.1.飛機(jī)可能會晚點(diǎn)幾個(gè)小時(shí),要是那樣，我們等著就沒有什么意義了.2.喬治常常說謊,因此當(dāng)他說他考試得了高分時(shí)沒人相信他.3.初了附近位于十字路口的那家小工廠,一切都靜悄悄的.4.缺少睡眠的人會感到很難集中心思干活.5.我安排人去機(jī)場接克拉克先生,然后帶他去賓館.6.一到達(dá)山頂,游客們都高興地大叫起來.Cloze XII.1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C Section B: Reading skills I.1.giving them many material possessions 2.change continually and frequently 3.a sudden,uncontrollable feeling of regret 4.makes(the parent-child relationship)go wrong;taking(some of the happiness and mutual respect)away from(parents and their children)5.start a new course of improved behavior Comprehension of the Text II.1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C Vocabulary III.1.assigned 2.compensate 3.prompt 4.manner 5.tendency 6.undermined 7.submit 8.inferred 9.fluctuates 10.responded IV.1.Jean wrote the speaker's address down in her notebook for fear that she might forget it.2.Passengers must show their tickets on demand.3.Officials are bound to investigate any possible corruption.4.I took it for granted that you would come with us,so I bought you a ticket.5.She has been selfish all the time,but she has promised to turn over a new leaf and become more loving toward others.6.People in this region have pined for a peaceful life since the religiou war broke out three decades ago.7.Poor health had made it difficult for Jim to hold down a job for more than a year.8.Betty gets very depressed at times because of the pressure of her work.9.The boys at my school used to make fun of me because I have a flat nose.10.Jenny kept begging me for a new bicycle, and I finally gave in.Unit 6 Vocabulary III.1.confessed 2.reserve 3.professional 4.impressive 5.latter 6.convey 7.qualify 8.refined 9.substitute 10.approval IV.1.Correct from: fill out;synonym: fill in 2.Correct from: feel comfortable with;synonym: feel comfortable about 3.Correct from: attach first importance to;translation: 非常重視；把……放在第一位 4.Correct from: turned down;synonym: rejected;refused 5.Correct from: came(up)to;definition: moved toward 6.Correct from: pressing me for;definition: try in a determined way to get something.7.Correct from: free from/of;definition: not influenced by 8.Correct from: stuck with;translation: 不得不接待；被迫接待

9.Correct from: for better or worse;definition: whether the result is good or bad 10.Correct from: took charge of;synonym: took responsibility for V.1.M 2.K 3.L 4.F 5.I 6.C 7.H 8.O 9.E 10.B Word Building VI.illegal impolite irregular impatient incapable irresponsible inconsistent inappropriate incorrect indefinite 1.impatient 2.irresponsible 3.inconsistent 4.illegal 5.inappropriate 6.incapable 7.irregular 8.impolite 9.incorrect 10.indefinite VII.unnoticeable unreasonable ungrateful unlimited uncertain uncover unrecognizable unfashionable undo untidy unfold unload 1.unreasonable 2.unfolded 3.uncertain 4.uncovered 5.ungrateful 6.unloading 7.unlimited 8.undid Sentence structure VIII.1.so is air to man 2.so is the eagle of all birds 3.so is beer to the British 4.so is tea to the Chinese 5.so do the English love their beer IX.1.While waiting at the doctor’s, I read an entire short story.2.After using the brush, put it in its proper place.3.Before being in the army, he was an engineer.4.I deliberately didn’t read the book before going to see the film.5.When buying a new car, it is best to seek expert advice.Translation X.1.(Just)as a machine needs regular running, so does the body need regular exercise.2.He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3.To our disappointment, he turned down our invitation.4.The reality is that, for better or worse, the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5.Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when(they are)required to answer questions.6.The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.XI.1.足球之于意大利人，就像乒乓球之于中國人。

2.教師沒急著要班里同學(xué)現(xiàn)在作決定，而是要他們仔細(xì)考慮后再下決心。

3.我不知道那是什么飲料，我喝了那么多；結(jié)果那些小伙子只能送我回家，因?yàn)槲矣悬c(diǎn)醉了。

4.在中國北方，三月份往往多風(fēng)。

5.盡管如此，政府已經(jīng)同意總支出增加6.2%。

6.信息被定義為通過陳述事實(shí)向大腦傳達(dá)的知識，它可以有多種形式。Cloze XII.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A Section B Comprehension of the Text II.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F Vocabulary III.1.tidy 2.prevail 3.emotional 4.imitating 5.discourage 6.bargain 7.wander 8.superficial 9.concealed 10.accompanies IV.1.tuened out 2.is not really up to 3.went to great lengths 4.acting out 5.spoke of 6.Judging by 7.out of character 8.took sides 9.blow his cover 10.more or less