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      英語(yǔ)二大概是自學(xué)考試所有非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的課程

      時(shí)間:2019-05-14 01:55:15下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《英語(yǔ)二大概是自學(xué)考試所有非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的課程》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《英語(yǔ)二大概是自學(xué)考試所有非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的課程》。

      第一篇:英語(yǔ)二大概是自學(xué)考試所有非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的課程

      英語(yǔ)(二)大概是自學(xué)考試所有非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的課程中最難通過(guò)的一門(mén)課

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)大概是自學(xué)考試所有非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的課程中最難通過(guò)的一門(mén)課程。許多考生連續(xù)多次參加考試,成績(jī)都不理想。而且最讓人左右為難、欲罷不能的就是每次考試都是50多分。努力學(xué)習(xí)了半年,結(jié)果考試成績(jī)比上次不是相差無(wú)幾、就是甚至還低幾分。這真是讓人傷透腦筋。筆者認(rèn)為要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)

      (二),需處理好以下幾個(gè)方面的關(guān)系問(wèn)題:

      一、應(yīng)該處理好英語(yǔ)

      (二)這門(mén)課的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)與考試要求的關(guān)系問(wèn)題

      按照現(xiàn)行的公共英語(yǔ)自學(xué)考試大綱的規(guī)定,英語(yǔ)

      (二)的教學(xué)目的是讓學(xué)生能比較熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),初步具備閱讀一般性的英語(yǔ)專業(yè)書(shū)刊和資料的能力。具體要求如下:

      1.語(yǔ)音:能拼讀國(guó)際音標(biāo)和比較流利地朗讀課文,語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)基本準(zhǔn)確。在考試中,雖然不考語(yǔ)音題,但具備一定的語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)卻是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)

      (二)的基礎(chǔ)。實(shí)際學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,學(xué)生可以不要求發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確,不要求英國(guó)音還是美國(guó)音的區(qū)別,不要求讀或說(shuō)的流暢動(dòng)聽(tīng),但會(huì)讀會(huì)說(shuō)卻是必不可少的。否則,整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)將是十分艱難的,也是十分枯燥乏味的,學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)也必將大打折扣。因此自考學(xué)生在語(yǔ)音學(xué)習(xí)方面應(yīng)該做到會(huì)讀單詞和課文,并能說(shuō)出自己的想法(理想的結(jié)果和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類似于中央電視4臺(tái)的專題采訪中那些專家學(xué)者的英語(yǔ):發(fā)音不準(zhǔn),但能順利表達(dá)自己的想法)。但筆者不提倡學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)

      (二)的學(xué)習(xí)中從聽(tīng)錄音或者練習(xí)口語(yǔ)人手,相反,應(yīng)該按照教學(xué)大綱,從朗讀課文入手。將語(yǔ)音放在課文學(xué)習(xí)中提高。

      2.詞匯:英語(yǔ)

      (二)包括英語(yǔ)單詞約3800個(gè)(其中中學(xué)階段所學(xué)詞匯1600個(gè)),詞組約750個(gè),閱讀量為50000余詞。要求能流利地讀出并說(shuō)出詞的語(yǔ)法特征(詞類和形態(tài)變化),而且要能說(shuō)出漢語(yǔ)詞義,對(duì)比較常用的詞要能英漢互譯,拼寫(xiě)正確并記住固定搭配。此外,還要了解基本的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則,記住常用前綴、后綴的意義并能根據(jù)他們猜測(cè)詞性和詞義。這個(gè)任務(wù)說(shuō)起來(lái)并不難,但是由于自考學(xué)生工作任務(wù)重、家庭責(zé)任大、學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間少等原因,要完成這樣的詞匯量,幾乎是難于上青天。

      首先,應(yīng)該認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)課文,使詞匯學(xué)習(xí)有一個(gè)基本的系統(tǒng)性。應(yīng)該把單詞的記憶放在一定的有意義的情景中,尤其是課文中進(jìn)行記憶可能是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)最迅捷、經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的辦法。特別是某些難以記憶的單詞,如diabetes,anaesthetica,toxicity等詞,單獨(dú)記憶很難,也沒(méi)有多少意義,因?yàn)樗鼈兪褂寐屎艿停透鼞?yīng)該放在課文的具體語(yǔ)境中理解;要把記憶生詞和學(xué)習(xí)課文結(jié)合起來(lái),在課文中記單詞,而且要使記單詞為學(xué)課文服務(wù),而不是相反。離開(kāi)課文記單

      詞很難記住,記住了也容易忘記,而且還不會(huì)用。外面許多單詞記憶法幾乎都具有這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

      其次,應(yīng)該通過(guò)做基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)和閱讀練習(xí)來(lái)鞏固和加強(qiáng)基本詞匯和常用詞組的練習(xí)。

      再次,在單詞記憶中運(yùn)用各種方法(一切單詞記憶方法,如詞綴聯(lián)想法、語(yǔ)境聯(lián)想法、以及市面上各種名目繁多的記憶法,其實(shí)質(zhì)都在于通過(guò)各種聯(lián)想,有些甚至是人為的、“虛假的”聯(lián)想來(lái)增強(qiáng)詞匯的系統(tǒng)性,從而達(dá)到比較快地記憶單詞的目的)。

      最后,要在考試題的練習(xí)中鞏固和提高詞匯的應(yīng)用能力(考題練習(xí)不是目的,甚至也不是重要手段,但對(duì)于學(xué)好這門(mén)課既通過(guò)考試來(lái)說(shuō),卻是必要的手段)。

      3.語(yǔ)法:英語(yǔ)

      (二)的學(xué)習(xí)要求學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的整個(gè)體系(詞法和句法)有比較清晰的概念,掌握詞形變化規(guī)則,了解詞和詞組在句子中的作用、句子和分句的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能并能在閱讀和漢譯英中實(shí)際運(yùn)用。其實(shí)質(zhì)在于一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性。在自考學(xué)生這一點(diǎn)就顯得尤其重要。有了系統(tǒng)性,各種零亂的知識(shí)點(diǎn)反而會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單起來(lái),也容易記憶了。達(dá)到這一點(diǎn)的前提條件有三個(gè):一是教師講得清晰明了。語(yǔ)法知識(shí)僅僅靠學(xué)生自學(xué)是比較困難的,但講得太多似乎也沒(méi)有必要,而且學(xué)生也難以接受。二是學(xué)生的理解要在頭腦中形成一個(gè)比較完整的概念,這是不言而語(yǔ)的。三是要有相應(yīng)的配套練習(xí)。僅僅靠書(shū)本上的練習(xí)是不夠的,而且難度似乎也和考試有距離,學(xué)生接受起來(lái)也比較困難。由于英語(yǔ)

      (二)課文的難度較大,而且考試為學(xué)業(yè)考試,筆者在教學(xué)中直接采用課文中的原句子做語(yǔ)法練習(xí),取得了較好的效果。同時(shí),語(yǔ)法和詞匯應(yīng)該是互相促進(jìn)的,不可偏廢。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該是為了增強(qiáng)詞匯的運(yùn)用能力,而詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶又反過(guò)來(lái)促進(jìn)著語(yǔ)法的理解和應(yīng)用。

      4.閱讀能力:大綱要求學(xué)生掌握初步的閱讀技能,能讀懂與所學(xué)教材最后一冊(cè)課文難易程度相當(dāng)?shù)囊话阈圆牧?。閱讀生詞不超過(guò)總詞數(shù)3%的材料,閱讀速度要達(dá)到70詞/分鐘,理解正確率在70%以上。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)

      (二)考生來(lái)說(shuō),單詞常常是閱讀中的一大攔路虎。然而這個(gè)問(wèn)題常常是個(gè)“偽問(wèn)題”。

      首先,如果對(duì)一些基礎(chǔ)的單詞不理解,那才是真正的單詞不懂,不過(guò)這也就使得學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)

      (二)成為不可能。然而基礎(chǔ)單詞的積累不能完全靠英語(yǔ)

      (二)的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)解決。

      其次,專業(yè)詞匯如果不認(rèn)識(shí),那是正常的,因?yàn)橛行I(yè)名詞對(duì)于本民族語(yǔ)言閱讀者來(lái)說(shuō)也一樣是不熟悉的,只不過(guò)本民族語(yǔ)言的形式更加容易接受一點(diǎn)罷了。同時(shí),如果是漢語(yǔ)的專業(yè)詞匯,那么由于漢字的象形結(jié)構(gòu)或形聲

      結(jié)構(gòu)等,則使得理解方便一點(diǎn),但依然是模棱兩可的。例如,英美人士理解thalidomide和我們沒(méi)有什么兩樣;同樣,我們理解“薩立多胺”也僅僅是知道怎么念而已。

      再者,比較難的單詞在上下文中會(huì)有相應(yīng)的解釋,或者我們可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)其大概的意義,至少可以判斷其詞性、褒貶、肯定與否定等等意義。有些詞你不認(rèn)識(shí)它,但并不影響你對(duì)整個(gè)文章段落的理解,有什么緊要呢?

      5.翻譯能力:大綱要求學(xué)生能借助詞典將與所學(xué)教材最后一冊(cè)課文難易程度相當(dāng)?shù)牟牧献g成漢語(yǔ),譯文正確通順,同時(shí)能把結(jié)構(gòu)不太復(fù)雜的句子譯成英語(yǔ)。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)

      (二)考生來(lái)說(shuō),英譯漢就相對(duì)容易,因?yàn)橹灰獙⒁馑蓟九ㄖ?,就可以“自由?chuàng)作”了。而漢譯英就比較難了,因?yàn)椤皢卧~不認(rèn)識(shí)”。其實(shí),這很可能也是個(gè)“偽問(wèn)題”。

      第一、漢譯英的內(nèi)容主要考書(shū)本上的內(nèi)容,而且多數(shù)是帶有重要短語(yǔ)的句子,只要在課文學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中將這類句子加以重視,應(yīng)該不成問(wèn)題。

      第二、漢譯英的句子可以用考生自己的話說(shuō),只要結(jié)構(gòu)正確,同樣可以得滿分。不一定非要按課本原文翻譯。

      第三、對(duì)于考試來(lái)說(shuō),翻譯評(píng)分的重點(diǎn)在于結(jié)構(gòu)。只要結(jié)構(gòu)正確,尤其是重要短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)正確,個(gè)別單詞的錯(cuò)誤對(duì)評(píng)分影響不是很大。

      上述五個(gè)方面,除了語(yǔ)音暫時(shí)不進(jìn)行考試之外,其他都屬于考試范圍;但核心依然一言以蔽之:基礎(chǔ)。

      二、應(yīng)該處理好課本上下冊(cè)之間的關(guān)系問(wèn)題

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)的考試內(nèi)容覆蓋上下兩本書(shū),在學(xué)習(xí)中不可偏廢。上冊(cè)更偏重于基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固,下冊(cè)則更偏重于運(yùn)用能力的培養(yǎng)和檢驗(yàn),兩者應(yīng)該結(jié)合起來(lái)才能滿足英語(yǔ)

      (二)的考試要求,沒(méi)有偏重哪一本之說(shuō)。所謂英語(yǔ)

      (一)和英語(yǔ)

      (二)的劃分也是相對(duì)的,只有大致的難度之分。

      三、應(yīng)該處理好公共課和專業(yè)課的關(guān)系問(wèn)題

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)是門(mén)公共課,其特點(diǎn)是實(shí)踐性很強(qiáng),檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是應(yīng)用能力。自學(xué)者不能滿足于對(duì)語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的書(shū)面理解。必須通過(guò)大量的、反復(fù)的實(shí)踐,尤其是針對(duì)考試的綜合性練習(xí),達(dá)到熟練掌握的目的。限于篇幅,在此不便展開(kāi)論述。

      四、應(yīng)該處理好學(xué)業(yè)考試和水平考試之間的關(guān)系問(wèn)題

      水平考試按照設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考察應(yīng)試者的語(yǔ)言能力,從而決定其是否適應(yīng)將來(lái)某一任務(wù),不管他們從前學(xué)過(guò)沒(méi)有或?qū)W了多少,也不考慮是如何學(xué)的,其命題不以某一教材為依據(jù)。和英語(yǔ)

      (二)對(duì)等的水平考試是公共英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試PETS——3或大學(xué)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試CETS—4.學(xué)業(yè)課的學(xué)習(xí)和考試都是圍繞著課本進(jìn)行的,它是

      用來(lái)考察學(xué)習(xí)者完成某一教學(xué)大綱或教材的情況,因此考試命題都是以教學(xué)大綱或教材為依據(jù)的。英語(yǔ)

      (二)課程考試也基本上屬于學(xué)業(yè)考試。具體說(shuō)來(lái),占卷面總分一半的試題所用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫(xiě)的。其余的試題所用句子雖然不是引自教材,但他們的選擇也是嚴(yán)格按照考試大綱的要求和教材的范圍進(jìn)行的。因此,英語(yǔ)

      (二)的學(xué)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備工作應(yīng)始終圍繞教材進(jìn)行,認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)一遍教材,通過(guò)考試則不會(huì)成很大問(wèn)題。相反,總是離開(kāi)教材搞復(fù)習(xí)資料,搞所謂突擊復(fù)習(xí),則往往事倍功半。但是,由于考生基礎(chǔ)水平差,所以,在教師指導(dǎo)下,選擇一套精心準(zhǔn)備的輔導(dǎo)材料并進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的練習(xí)是通過(guò)考試必不或缺的。

      五、應(yīng)該處理好自學(xué)與社會(huì)助學(xué)的關(guān)系問(wèn)題

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)是一門(mén)實(shí)踐性極強(qiáng)的課程,除非基礎(chǔ)很好,否則完全靠自學(xué)要通過(guò)考試是比較難的。對(duì)于大多數(shù)考生來(lái)說(shuō),選擇一家良好的社會(huì)助學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu),選擇一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師,是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)

      (二)并通過(guò)考試的必要條件。但是學(xué)生自己的努力是內(nèi)因,是根本條件。外因只能通過(guò)內(nèi)因起作用。相比較而言,英語(yǔ)

      (二)要比其它課程難于通過(guò)。因此,考生在學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中必須相對(duì)地集中精力和時(shí)間,做好充分準(zhǔn)備,打一場(chǎng)突擊仗、殲滅仗。

      ***[JimiSoft: Unregistered Software ONLY Convert Part Of File!Read Help To Know How To Register.]***

      第二篇:英語(yǔ)專業(yè)課程

      英語(yǔ)專業(yè)課程

      英語(yǔ)專業(yè)課程

      主要課程:基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)、高級(jí)英語(yǔ)、報(bào)刊選讀、視聽(tīng)、口語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作、翻譯理論與實(shí)踐、語(yǔ)言理論、語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論、主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文學(xué)史及文學(xué)作品選讀、主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家國(guó)情。

      學(xué)業(yè)年限:四年

      授予學(xué)位:文學(xué)學(xué)士

      職業(yè)方向:專業(yè)翻譯、商務(wù)翻譯、同聲傳譯、外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)人員、外語(yǔ)教師、對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教師、涉外導(dǎo)游、涉外護(hù)理、記者、2016年熱門(mén)大學(xué),專業(yè)排行,志愿填報(bào)延伸閱讀--------------

      一.填志愿,學(xué)校為先還是專業(yè)為先?

      一本院校里有名校、一般重點(diǎn)大學(xué),學(xué)校之間的層次和教育資源配置,還是有較大差異的。在一本院校中,選學(xué)??赡芨匾恍W(xué)校的品牌對(duì)學(xué)生未來(lái)就業(yè)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定影響。如果你進(jìn)了名校,但沒(méi)能進(jìn)入自己最喜愛(ài)的專業(yè),你還可以通過(guò)輔修專業(yè)等方式,來(lái)完善學(xué)科知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。而且,如今大學(xué)生就業(yè)專業(yè)對(duì)口的比例越來(lái)越小了,進(jìn)入一所積淀深厚、資源豐富的學(xué)校,有助于全面提升自己的素質(zhì)與能力。

      二本院校中,大部分學(xué)校都有鮮明的單科特色。建議考生結(jié)合自己的特長(zhǎng)、興趣愛(ài)好,以專業(yè)為導(dǎo)向來(lái)選擇學(xué)校。

      二.如何看待專業(yè)“冷門(mén)”“熱門(mén)”?

      專業(yè)的熱門(mén)與冷門(mén),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)形勢(shì)的變化而變化。有些專業(yè),看起來(lái)熱門(mén),許多學(xué)校都開(kāi)設(shè),招收了

      許多學(xué)生,導(dǎo)致若干年后人才過(guò)剩。有的專業(yè),在招生時(shí)顯得冷門(mén),但畢業(yè)生就業(yè)時(shí)因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)需求旺盛,學(xué)生成了“搶手貨”,而且個(gè)人收益也不錯(cuò)。家長(zhǎng)可以幫助學(xué)生,收集多方信息,對(duì)一些行業(yè)的發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),帶著前瞻性的眼光去填當(dāng)下的高考志愿。同時(shí),學(xué)生也要從自己的特長(zhǎng)與興趣出發(fā)來(lái)選擇專業(yè),有興趣才能學(xué)得更好,日后在就業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中脫穎而出。

      高校新專業(yè)的產(chǎn)生有不同的“源頭”。有的是在老專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上誕生的,專業(yè)內(nèi)容變得更寬泛一些,此類新專業(yè)的分?jǐn)?shù)線通常與往年差不多。有的是某一老專業(yè)與其他學(xué)科交叉而產(chǎn)生的,這類新專業(yè)在培養(yǎng)實(shí)力方面可能比老專業(yè)弱一些。有的是根據(jù)社會(huì)需求而設(shè)置的全新專業(yè),錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線可能會(huì)在校內(nèi)處于較低分?jǐn)?shù)段。

      三.高考咨詢問(wèn)些什么?

      4月下旬起,各高校招生咨詢會(huì)此起彼伏,密度很大。為了提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)咨詢的效率,咨詢前不妨做些“備課”,在相關(guān)部委的官方站、校園等站上“預(yù)習(xí)”一些對(duì)外公開(kāi)的基本情況。

      比如對(duì)高校辦學(xué)條件和水平,有了比較才有認(rèn)識(shí)。從高校隸屬關(guān)系看,既有國(guó)家部委所屬院校,也有省市所屬院校。隸屬不同,經(jīng)費(fèi)投入、招生范圍等也有所不同。目前,全國(guó)30多所列入“985工程”的高校都是出類拔萃的高校,而列入“211工程”的高校也有百余所。

      另外,還可查詢一下高校師資水平和重點(diǎn)學(xué)科數(shù)據(jù)。代表師資水平的數(shù)據(jù)包括院士、大師級(jí)人物有多少;作為未來(lái)院士“預(yù)備隊(duì)”的“長(zhǎng)江學(xué)者”有多少;博士生導(dǎo)師有多少等。國(guó)家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科是經(jīng)教育部嚴(yán)格評(píng)審,在各個(gè)高校相同學(xué)科中排名前

      一、前二名的某些學(xué)科。

      一所高校的“重點(diǎn)學(xué)科”越多,其周邊也必然聚集著一個(gè)較高水平的相關(guān)學(xué)科群。

      在正式咨詢時(shí),再問(wèn)到更細(xì)的專業(yè)層面。應(yīng)真正了解專業(yè)方向的內(nèi)涵,包括研究些什么、學(xué)哪些課程、將來(lái)在哪些領(lǐng)域就業(yè)、以往就業(yè)率如何、未來(lái)社會(huì)需求怎樣、招生計(jì)劃多少、過(guò)去幾年錄取情況,以及這個(gè)專業(yè)的歷史沿革、在同行中的水平、是否具有碩士點(diǎn)博士點(diǎn)以及現(xiàn)有哪些名師等。其中,錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線情況應(yīng)掌握近幾年的數(shù)據(jù),參考其趨勢(shì)變化。

      第三篇:自學(xué)考試“英語(yǔ)(二)”熱門(mén)問(wèn)題解答分析

      自學(xué)考試“英語(yǔ)

      (二)”熱門(mén)問(wèn)題解

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)教學(xué)大綱是從1998年的5月份制定的,目前還沒(méi)有改變,所以根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱題型,試卷結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是一樣的,大家應(yīng)該注意一下結(jié)構(gòu)有70%是客觀性題目,30%是主觀性題目。所謂主觀性題目就是自己要思考、要寫(xiě)的,就像漢譯英、英譯漢,卷還是兩個(gè)卷子,1卷和2卷,1卷是選擇題,2卷是非選

      擇題。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)包括英語(yǔ)

      (一)的內(nèi)容

      嗎?

      從近兩年的試卷來(lái)看,英語(yǔ)一課文中的內(nèi)容很少,最多一兩句,但是英語(yǔ)一是英語(yǔ)二的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ),所以里邊的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容還有詞匯、短語(yǔ)肯定要考的。所以有人說(shuō)考英語(yǔ)二不考英語(yǔ)一,是不對(duì)的,英語(yǔ)一只能說(shuō)考的不是原句。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)備考需要背課文嗎?

      教材的課文一定要看,都要讀一004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 遍,讀懂里邊的語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn),不是讀課文,有的同學(xué)說(shuō)把課文都背下來(lái)了,但是考試還沒(méi)通過(guò),原因不是讓你背課文,是把所有課文里邊的知識(shí)點(diǎn)、語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)要弄

      通。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)考語(yǔ)法嗎?

      語(yǔ)法題是體現(xiàn)在題目中,比如結(jié)構(gòu)題、詞性變化題,以及完形題,這里邊主要是考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法。所以必須把語(yǔ)法弄通,因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是一種有規(guī)則的語(yǔ)言,有規(guī)則的語(yǔ)言不懂這個(gè)規(guī)則就不能掌握這

      門(mén)語(yǔ)言。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)閱讀理解題備考技巧

      這個(gè)閱讀理解有一個(gè)應(yīng)試技巧,簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)一說(shuō),在平常要多讀,要加大速度,要知道后邊問(wèn)的題目,每個(gè)閱讀的段后邊都有5個(gè)題目,5個(gè)題目大概要問(wèn)的有幾類,主要的有問(wèn)作者觀點(diǎn),或者問(wèn)這個(gè)字是什么意思,這都是直接的。最難回答的就是推理性的,如果看不懂就不會(huì)做對(duì)。所以在閱讀理解的時(shí)候要抓住兩個(gè)“要”,一個(gè)要是要閱讀快,再有一004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 個(gè)抓住要點(diǎn)。提醒考生,每段里面的第一句一定要注意。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)英譯漢備考技巧英譯漢是一段小短文,英譯漢的翻譯首先要留出足夠的時(shí)間,因?yàn)槭亲詈笠粋€(gè)題目,最后一個(gè)題目我的很多同學(xué)跟我說(shuō),其實(shí)我都能夠翻譯,但是最后都沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,就簡(jiǎn)單的胡亂寫(xiě)了幾句,這是一個(gè)失誤。因?yàn)橛⒆g漢有15分,這個(gè)短文相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)雖然有一定的難度,但是相對(duì)整個(gè)考卷來(lái)說(shuō)這部分應(yīng)該是能夠拿分的題,所以大家一定要留出足夠的時(shí)間。前邊的題目要做,像我剛剛說(shuō)的選擇題,有的可以留在后邊,實(shí)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間了選擇題可以瞎蒙,但是主觀性的題目,像英譯漢、漢譯英,這個(gè)可以先做,如果是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間問(wèn)題丟了必得分,那就太劃

      不來(lái)了。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)比英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試難嗎?

      首先自考英語(yǔ)跟四級(jí)的考試性質(zhì)不太一樣,自考英語(yǔ)主要是考大家的閱讀能力,就是英語(yǔ)的閱讀能力,讀英語(yǔ)004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 的能力。而四級(jí)是全面的,比如說(shuō)聽(tīng)力,自考英語(yǔ)就沒(méi)有,考研也是,自考英語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)不太一樣。但是自考大家認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)比較難過(guò),主要是對(duì)于非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的考生在比較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)要使英語(yǔ)達(dá)到很高的水平,這個(gè)難度是非常大,大家知道我們自考英語(yǔ)不要求聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)各種語(yǔ)言能力,只要求了解一些閱讀,根據(jù)大綱要求,重點(diǎn)放在閱讀能力以及英漢互譯能力,實(shí)際上就是考大家的這種能力,所以跟四級(jí)的性質(zhì)還是不太一樣。

      英語(yǔ)二是我們??飘厴I(yè)以后考自考本科畢業(yè),四級(jí)是大學(xué)生四年大學(xué)公共英語(yǔ)學(xué)完了兩年以后要考的,測(cè)試的方向還是跟剛才我講的不一樣。我們自考就是強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)放在閱讀和英漢互譯能力,難度應(yīng)該是一樣的,比如說(shuō)詞匯量要求是一樣的,還有要求的詞組和詞匯兩個(gè)方面掌握應(yīng)該是一樣的,但是側(cè)重

      點(diǎn)不一樣。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)詞匯記憶方法

      英語(yǔ)二詞匯要求達(dá)到3800詞,詞004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 組750.有的同學(xué)問(wèn)是不是就只要背下冊(cè)書(shū)的詞匯就行了,回答是不夠的,肯定是不夠的,因?yàn)樵~匯沒(méi)有說(shuō)只考下冊(cè),上冊(cè)也要背。但是有人說(shuō)我短期內(nèi)怎么記住這些大量的詞匯呢?大家詞匯學(xué)習(xí)第一個(gè)應(yīng)該是有一定的時(shí)間,因?yàn)橛械耐瑢W(xué)說(shuō)一個(gè)星期或者兩個(gè)星期教給你方法能夠記住幾千,他這個(gè)方法有點(diǎn)兒像變魔術(shù),不太現(xiàn)實(shí),我覺(jué)得詞匯是一個(gè)積累。因?yàn)閺男睦韺W(xué)角度來(lái)講學(xué)詞匯有兩個(gè)方向,一個(gè)方向是要把詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候印象深刻,一個(gè)詞能夠像串葡萄似的串出一串來(lái),比如同義詞、反義詞、近義詞,應(yīng)該把有關(guān)聯(lián)的詞相互記憶。第二,詞匯一定得重復(fù),從心理學(xué)角度

      學(xué)詞必須這樣。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

      英語(yǔ)是一種語(yǔ)言,任何語(yǔ)言都是由詞和句子構(gòu)成的,所以光會(huì)了詞,不會(huì)把這些詞組成句子是不行的,因此怎么組成句子呢?得知道組成句子的規(guī)則,還有一些習(xí)慣用法,你必須要了解這種004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 語(yǔ)言的文化,所以說(shuō)學(xué)英語(yǔ)光學(xué)詞是不行的,因此是除了學(xué)詞以外還得學(xué)詞的用法以及文化,習(xí)慣用法就是一種文化,死背根本記不住。為什么記不???背的這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該是靈活的,怎么靈活呢?這個(gè)詞首先要知道詞性是什么,做個(gè)句子,學(xué)了一個(gè)詞不會(huì)做句子造一個(gè)短語(yǔ),還要大聲的念,李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)為什么風(fēng)靡全國(guó),就是要把詞大聲地念出來(lái),這樣從耳朵里能夠聽(tīng)進(jìn)去的,對(duì)大腦的刺激比眼睛里看見(jiàn)的要強(qiáng)得多,所以學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的一個(gè)技巧要大聲念,要組一個(gè)詞或者組一個(gè)短語(yǔ),這樣記憶比光看兩遍、寫(xiě)幾遍要好得多。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)考前沖刺方法

      最好的方法應(yīng)該是做沖刺的題目,所謂沖刺的題目就是要做一些題目跟考試的真題一樣的,每一部分都是給自己做測(cè)試,做模擬題,比如要設(shè)定時(shí)間是2個(gè)半小時(shí),考試是2個(gè)半小時(shí),你就要用2個(gè)半小時(shí)做模擬卷然后做考試題,因?yàn)榭荚嚨恼骖}都有答案,最后對(duì)一下004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc

      答案看得多少分。

      沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)的,像一個(gè)月以前根本就沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)教材,不要盲目地去參加考試,一個(gè)月時(shí)間絕對(duì)不可能一下子英語(yǔ)成績(jī)突飛猛進(jìn),在最后這一個(gè)月時(shí)間只能安下心把英語(yǔ)要考什么內(nèi)容先做一個(gè)了解,現(xiàn)在在一個(gè)月背下3800詞是不可

      能的。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)考試與教材關(guān)系大嗎?

      2005年4月份的考題題目,出自于課文的句子很多,比如說(shuō)第一個(gè)題,是課文中的原題,這個(gè)我跟大家講,因?yàn)榇缶V要求可能是出題完全跟書(shū)上一樣的,也有可能根據(jù)書(shū)上的題目改編的,所以不一定完全是書(shū)上的一模一樣的句子,但是考的考點(diǎn)或者詞、語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)都是屬于跟我們的講課重點(diǎn)一致的。像我們2005年的試題我做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的分析,像結(jié)構(gòu)題,比如說(shuō)主要的還是考語(yǔ)法的從句部分的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,關(guān)聯(lián)詞10個(gè)里邊就考了4個(gè)。另外有考虛擬語(yǔ)氣的,還有考固定搭配的就考了4個(gè),所以這些搭配,004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 像關(guān)聯(lián)詞,雖然句子不是原來(lái)書(shū)上的句子,但是是我們要重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容,一個(gè)是從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,再有一些固定搭

      配。

      再有,后邊的詞型變化,也應(yīng)該是出自于書(shū)上,但是它大部分還不是書(shū)上的原句,基本上是改編的,但是考的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)都是我們重點(diǎn)要強(qiáng)調(diào)的主要是一些動(dòng)詞的變化,基本上考10個(gè)題里有四五個(gè)都是考動(dòng)詞的變化,所以要分清句子,是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

      英語(yǔ)

      (二)考試如何安排考場(chǎng)時(shí)間

      考試時(shí)間安排,總有最后的翻譯題來(lái)不及做的這種情況,所以我跟大家講主觀性題目,我剛才說(shuō)了有30%,一定要留出足夠的時(shí)間,至少三分之一的時(shí)間來(lái)做。有一部分比較難的,就像完形填空,那個(gè)只有10分,但是有大部分同學(xué)在那兒花的時(shí)間太多了,完形填空一段文章是比較難的,把10個(gè)空填進(jìn)去,如果耗費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間不值得。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁找话愕耐瑢W(xué)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)比較差的話,004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 做不好這道題。但是像第一個(gè)題目詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)題,如果有一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)這道題應(yīng)該是可以拿到分的。再有閱讀理解題,也是30分,有的同學(xué)最后來(lái)不及把文章仔細(xì)看,就隨便亂選了很容易選錯(cuò),所以把三分之一的時(shí)間一定要留給閱讀理解,還有三分之一的時(shí)間留給主觀性題

      目就是翻譯題。

      再有詞形變化的10分題是比較難的,這跟完形填空一樣,這個(gè)也是10分,語(yǔ)法知識(shí)不好這個(gè)題目也可以放在最后

      做。

      再有單詞拼寫(xiě),20個(gè),大部分同學(xué)做得不好就是平常的基本功不夠,大家拼寫(xiě)20個(gè)題里肯定有容易拼的,像比較短的盡量做,比較長(zhǎng)的放棄就放棄算了,所以時(shí)間分配大家應(yīng)該多考慮,把考試的兩個(gè)卷1卷、2卷都有什么內(nèi)容心中要有數(shù)??记岸嘧瞿M試題,感覺(jué)一下,設(shè)定時(shí)間2個(gè)半小時(shí),這樣時(shí)間分配心

      里就有數(shù)了。

      考過(guò)英語(yǔ)

      (一)的考生如何備戰(zhàn)英004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc

      語(yǔ)

      (二)有同學(xué)說(shuō)通過(guò)英語(yǔ)一很容易,為什么英語(yǔ)二考了很多次通不過(guò),這因?yàn)樽鳛橛⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)還沒(méi)有達(dá)到一定的水平,英語(yǔ)一是??扑剑奖扔⒄Z(yǔ)二低,考的容易。想考好英語(yǔ)二,不下工夫不花一定的時(shí)間做努力是不行的,精講課程要聽(tīng),考前要做一個(gè)努力的復(fù)習(xí),如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)階段想要走捷徑,我告訴大家學(xué)英語(yǔ)二是沒(méi)有捷徑可走的,一定要經(jīng)過(guò)勤學(xué)苦練,才能夠把這門(mén)課程真正學(xué)到手,順利通過(guò)考試。

      《大語(yǔ)》(本)導(dǎo)學(xué):扎扎實(shí)實(shí)打基礎(chǔ)

      《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文(本)》是文科類學(xué)生的專業(yè)必修課?!洞髮W(xué)語(yǔ)文》的目的是為了使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步提高閱讀能力與寫(xiě)作能力,為學(xué)好高等教育文科類各專業(yè)的課程,及接受通才教育,成為復(fù)合型人才打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。該課程知識(shí)點(diǎn)多,內(nèi)容豐富,課文中每句話都可以作為一個(gè)004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 考點(diǎn)來(lái)出題考試,因此這門(mén)科學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)有一定的難度,歷年來(lái)考試通過(guò)率也不是很高。本文針對(duì)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》的過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題,有針對(duì)性地提出學(xué)習(xí),考試時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題,以期對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí),考試有所幫助。

      一,《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文(本)》教材的內(nèi)容體系。

      《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文(本)》分為四個(gè)單元,即議論文單元(收有14篇課文),記敘文單元(收有14篇課文),詩(shī)詞單元(收有30篇課文),小說(shuō)單元(收有8 篇課文)。每篇課文要求掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn),在書(shū)后面的考試大綱里都能找到。每單元要求掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn),在每單元后面的《議論文的特點(diǎn)與寫(xiě)作》《記敘文的特點(diǎn)與寫(xiě)作》《詩(shī)詞曲賦的特點(diǎn)與寫(xiě)作》《小說(shuō)的特點(diǎn)與寫(xiě)作》中都有詳細(xì)的介紹。對(duì)于考試大綱要求掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn),學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)一定要一個(gè)一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái),一個(gè)一個(gè)地掌握,不能有所遺漏。同時(shí),課程還有三方面知識(shí)要求掌握,即表現(xiàn)手法,004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 修辭手法,古漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。這三方面的內(nèi)容掌握起來(lái)有一定的難度,但是學(xué)生要下大氣力去鉆研,力求弄通弄懂。

      二,學(xué)好《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》的關(guān)鍵。

      學(xué)好《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》的關(guān)鍵就在于熟讀教材上面的課文,夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

      這類話好像是廢話,老生常談,沒(méi)有新意。確實(shí),要想學(xué)好每一門(mén)課程,首要就是要認(rèn)真鉆研教材,刻苦學(xué)習(xí),這是放之四海皆準(zhǔn)的真理。對(duì)于《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》的學(xué)習(xí)尤其是這樣。有這樣一種教學(xué)理念,就是提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)文素養(yǎng),語(yǔ)文水平,不是空話,而需要有途徑,就是通過(guò)認(rèn)真閱讀典范的,優(yōu)秀的語(yǔ)文范文這條途徑來(lái)達(dá)到目的。因此《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》考試,教材里犄角旮旯每個(gè)點(diǎn)全考,就是考查學(xué)生是不是認(rèn)真閱讀教材上面這些典范的,優(yōu)秀的課文了。

      其中專門(mén)有一類題,沒(méi)有難度,只要學(xué)生認(rèn)真閱讀了課文就能答出。

      比如,去年10月考題第一道選擇題:

      004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc

      孟子認(rèn)為達(dá)到“數(shù)口之家,可以無(wú)饑”這一目標(biāo)的主要措施是,五畝之宅,樹(shù)之以桑; 2,雞豚狗彘之畜,無(wú)失其時(shí);,百畝之宅,勿奪其時(shí); 4,謹(jǐn)庠序之教,申之以孝悌;

      這道題沒(méi)有任何難度,只要閱讀了課文,馬上就能答出是3.如果對(duì)課文不熟悉,恐怕就答不出來(lái)了。

      2001年一道考題:司馬光指責(zé)王安石新法是“生事”,王安石在駁斥這一指責(zé)時(shí),所依據(jù)的主要理由是

      1,“受命于人主” 2,“辟邪說(shuō),難壬人”

      3,“為天下理財(cái)” 4,“舉先王之政”

      這道題也沒(méi)有難度,只要閱讀了課文,就能很順利地答出來(lái)。

      這類題在歷年考題中占比較重要的份量。占分值較多。其他類的題目,也同課文有密切的關(guān)系。

      就是只要掌握了課文,回答考題應(yīng)004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 該是沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題的。

      因此學(xué)生要學(xué)好《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》沒(méi)有別的捷徑可走,什么“押題”“漏題”,什么“權(quán)威模擬題”

      等等,全不要相信。只要扎扎實(shí)實(shí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),認(rèn)真閱讀課文,掌握課文,就會(huì)考出好成績(jī)。

      三,要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)考試大綱,考試大綱上面的每一個(gè)要求,不能有遺漏地全要掌握。

      高等教育自學(xué)考試實(shí)行“考-教分離”的教學(xué)制度,就是教課的老師不參與出題,出題的老師不參與教學(xué)?!洞髮W(xué)語(yǔ)文》全國(guó)一張卷??荚嚧缶V把教學(xué)的,出題的,學(xué)習(xí)的這三者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。也就是教學(xué)的按照考試大綱來(lái)教,學(xué)習(xí)的按照考試大綱來(lái)學(xué),出題的按照考試大綱來(lái)出題??荚嚧缶V是連起教-學(xué)的橋梁,必須高度重視?,F(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上賣的參考書(shū),也都是根據(jù)考試大綱來(lái)編寫(xiě)的。因此在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),對(duì)考試大綱上面的知識(shí)點(diǎn)要一個(gè)一個(gè)鉆研,弄通弄懂。從歷年《大學(xué)004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 語(yǔ)文》考題來(lái)看,全部是考試大綱上要求掌握的內(nèi)容,沒(méi)有出大綱的要求。因此學(xué)生不要迷信什么“模擬試卷”,更不能聽(tīng)信什么“押題”“漏題”之說(shuō)。

      四,從歷年考試情況看,以下三部分知識(shí),學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)有一定的難度,學(xué)生丟分很多,要引起學(xué)生高度重視。

      1,文學(xué)表現(xiàn)手法。

      2,修辭手法;

      3,文言語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。

      這三部分在考試中占三類題,分值雖不很多,但是學(xué)生丟分很多,有的學(xué)生甚至一分都得不到,因此學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要高度重視起來(lái)。,文學(xué)表現(xiàn)手法,教材上面共介紹9 種。對(duì)比,烘托,鋪墊,暗示,比興,象征,白描,夾敘夾議,托物言志。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)可以通過(guò)自己整理來(lái)掌握。

      譬如烘托,主要在《兵車行》,《**》中運(yùn)用;

      鋪墊主要在《種樹(shù)郭橐駝傳》《兵004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 車行》《杜陵叟》中運(yùn)用;

      比興主要在詩(shī)詞中運(yùn)用,《摸魚(yú)兒》是全篇比興;

      白描在《**》《背影》中運(yùn)用;

      托物言志主要在《往事》中運(yùn)用。等等。

      通過(guò)自己整理,找出規(guī)律,就容易掌握這部分內(nèi)容了。,修辭手法,教材上面共介紹了12種修辭手法,比喻,夸張,對(duì)偶,排比,用典,反語(yǔ),反詰,設(shè)問(wèn),借代,反復(fù),層遞。其中“借代”在課文中沒(méi)有涉及,可以不管它。余下11種,可以分析一下。

      反復(fù),反語(yǔ)很容易識(shí)別,先把它們排除;

      一看到有問(wèn)號(hào)的,就在“設(shè)問(wèn)”“反詰”兩個(gè)里找。從正面問(wèn)的是設(shè)問(wèn),《論毅力》《人的正確思想是從哪里來(lái)的》;從反面問(wèn)的,又沒(méi)有回答的是“反詰”,《趙威后問(wèn)齊使》《秋水》《諫逐客書(shū)》《燈下漫筆》等等。

      004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc

      一看到幾個(gè)句子連排的,就在“排比”“對(duì)偶”中找,一般來(lái)說(shuō),三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的句子連排為排比,《秋水》《諫逐客書(shū)》《寡人之于國(guó)也》等等;兩個(gè)句子為對(duì)偶,《諫逐客書(shū)》《答李翊書(shū)》

      等等。

      引用典故來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的是“用典”。

      4,文言語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。學(xué)生可以學(xué)習(xí)教材后面的“古代漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法常識(shí)”一節(jié),如果學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)有困難,還有一個(gè)相對(duì)變通的方法,就是把教材中每篇古文后面“思考與練習(xí)”的最后一道題認(rèn)真做出來(lái),也可以在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)。

      五,認(rèn)真寫(xiě)作作文。

      作文水平的提高非一日之功。而且作文要靠練習(xí),光講是沒(méi)有什么用處的。

      只提醒學(xué)生在考試時(shí)注意幾點(diǎn),在現(xiàn)有作文水平的基礎(chǔ)上面,盡量考得好一些。,審題。這問(wèn)題又是老生常談。但是是關(guān)鍵。作文只要不跑題,基本就是勝利,基本就可以拿到15分以上(滿004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 分30分)。從歷年來(lái)看,學(xué)生作文分?jǐn)?shù)不高的主要原因就是跑題,扣題不緊,或扣題不準(zhǔn)。

      《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文(本)》的作文題大部分是議論文。

      (1)要緊扣題目來(lái)寫(xiě)。寫(xiě)的每一個(gè)論據(jù)全要緊扣題目,這點(diǎn)務(wù)必注意??梢圆扇〗?jīng)常“點(diǎn)題”

      的辦法,也就是在作文中敘述一段內(nèi)容,就點(diǎn)一下題目,用這種辦法防止跑題。

      (2)尤其要注意作文題是給學(xué)生一段短文,然后讓學(xué)生根據(jù)短文的意思來(lái)寫(xiě)作文。這類作文,學(xué)生不要一上來(lái)拿筆就寫(xiě),而是一定要認(rèn)認(rèn)真真讀懂短文的意思,然后根據(jù)這篇短文提供的“特殊意思”

      來(lái)寫(xiě)。千萬(wàn)不要另起爐灶。,議論文要注意論據(jù)的運(yùn)用。

      (1)說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)要用事實(shí),也就是要用論據(jù)。要注意的是論據(jù)的寫(xiě)作不要展開(kāi),點(diǎn)到為止,能夠說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)就行了,004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 論據(jù)千萬(wàn)不要加以描寫(xiě),加以展開(kāi)論述。

      (2)議論文要多談道理,也就是多談理論,少舉例子,例子點(diǎn)到為止。要特別防止一篇議論文,開(kāi)頭講一兩句理論,然后就大量舉例子,或者是通篇全是一個(gè)例子。,注意字?jǐn)?shù)。

      千萬(wàn)要注意試題上面要求寫(xiě)的字?jǐn)?shù)。這點(diǎn)學(xué)生要特別注意。一般來(lái)說(shuō),《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文(本)》作文要求寫(xiě)作600 字(有時(shí)要求寫(xiě)作700 字)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)既不能寫(xiě)作字?jǐn)?shù)太多,更不能少于要求的字?jǐn)?shù)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),作文字?jǐn)?shù)以多出所要求的字?jǐn)?shù)100 字為宜。,卷面要清楚,整潔。

      從考試情況來(lái)看,有一些學(xué)生作文字跡太亂,卷面十分不清楚,字跡龍飛鳳舞,卷面溝的,畫(huà)的,涂的,摸的,亂七八糟,讓判卷教師先從感情上面就有一個(gè)不好的印象。判卷老師每天要判幾百份試卷,根本沒(méi)有時(shí)間一個(gè)字一個(gè)字去認(rèn)。卷面不清楚,字跡老師認(rèn)不得,004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc 很可能就影響了學(xué)生的成績(jī)。

      這點(diǎn)也務(wù)請(qǐng)學(xué)生注意。

      大學(xué)的課程全有一定的難度。但是,難與不難都是相對(duì)的。一般來(lái)說(shuō),只要認(rèn)真掌握了教材上面要求的內(nèi)容,按照考試大綱上面的知識(shí)點(diǎn)一個(gè)一個(gè)地去攻克,學(xué)習(xí)方法對(duì)頭,《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文(本)》定會(huì)考出一個(gè)好成績(jī)的。

      004km.cn 學(xué)招網(wǎng) 成都培訓(xùn)招生 d7f78bc

      第四篇:大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)二下冊(cè)u(píng)nit4教案

      UNIT 4 Text A Slavery On Our Doorstep

      I.課文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

      這篇文章介紹了在英國(guó)工作的大約兩萬(wàn)多名海外家仆,這些家仆中有1/10 正遭受雇主的各種各樣的虐待和奴役。盡管英國(guó)政府采取了新的措施,這些傭人的生活和工作條件并沒(méi)有發(fā)生太大的變化。

      這種狀況得到了媒體的普遍關(guān)注。

      解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵辦法也許在于允許家傭們自由地選擇顧主。

      段落大意:

      Paras.1-2 In Britain, about 10% of the domestic servants are being exploited and abused in various forms.Paras.3-8 The sad condition of domestics received media attention.Para.9 The key to the problem lies in allowing domestic workers the freedom to change employers.II.New Words

      詞匯精講:

      1.slave 奴隸 slavery 奴隸制

      discover

      discovery n.發(fā)現(xiàn)

      2.domestic

      a.家庭的;國(guó)內(nèi)的,本國(guó)的;n.家仆

      反義詞:abroad

      GDP(= gross domestic product)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值

      Many women feel they cannot apply for the top jobs because of domestic commitments.很多婦女感覺(jué)她們因?yàn)榧彝ヘ?zé)任而不能申請(qǐng)高級(jí)工作。

      The president's new foreign policy is heavily influenced by domestic factors.總統(tǒng)的對(duì)外政策在很大程度上受到了國(guó)內(nèi)因素的影響。

      家仆 domestic,servant,maid(女傭),female girl

      3.Briton 大不列顛人;英國(guó)人

      Britain 英國(guó),不列顛

      英倫三島:England、Scotland,Welsh, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)

      Briton 英國(guó)人; the British;Englishman

      oversea 海外的,在海外

      4.statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字:(用作單數(shù))統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué):

      These statics only tell part of the story.Statistics is taught in our college.5.abroad在國(guó)外、到國(guó)外:He has lived abroad for years.6.exploit : vt.開(kāi)發(fā),開(kāi)采;利用,剝削 n.exploition

      He exploited his authority personal gratification.他利用職權(quán)來(lái)滿足個(gè)人的私欲。

      A mine is exploited for its minerals.開(kāi)發(fā)礦山是為了采礦。

      The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay.該公司利用長(zhǎng)工時(shí)、低工資的方法來(lái)剝削工人。

      Resources should be properly exploited.開(kāi)發(fā)資源要適度。

      7.abuse v./ n 虐待,濫用

      Drug and alcohol abuse contributed to Brian's early death.濫用毒品和酗酒導(dǎo)致了布萊恩的早逝。

      Be physically abused 肉體受到虐待

      the Iraqi prisoner abuse

      abuse one's power

      8.campaign : n.戰(zhàn)役,運(yùn)動(dòng);v.參加運(yùn)動(dòng)

      The Huai-Hai Campaign was essential to the victory of the War of Liberation.淮海戰(zhàn)役對(duì)解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利至關(guān)重要。

      We are launching a campaign against waste.我們正發(fā)起一場(chǎng)反浪費(fèi)活動(dòng)。

      He announced that he would campaign for the senate.他宣布他將參加議員競(jìng)選。

      9.sex 性別;visa 簽證

      10.execute vt.將…處死,執(zhí)行,實(shí)行 executive a.執(zhí)行的,執(zhí)政的 The criminal was executed after the trial.審判后罪犯被處死。

      All orders were immediately executed.所有的命令將盡早執(zhí)行。

      CEO = Chief Executive Officer 首席執(zhí)行官

      EMBA= Executive Master of Business Administration 高級(jí)管理人員工商管理碩士

      11.convict: vt.證明… 有罪,宣判…有罪;n.罪犯

      He was convicted of smuggling.他被判犯有走私罪。

      相關(guān)詞匯:accuse sb.of … 指控某人有罪;

      charge sb of...指控某人有罪

      12.despite : prep.盡管,任憑

      Despite the fact that there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy , the search party still went on looking.盡管找到失蹤男孩幾乎無(wú)望,搜尋的人群仍然在繼續(xù)尋找。

      Despite the shortage of raw materials, industrial output has increased by ten percent.盡管原材料短缺,工業(yè)產(chǎn)量仍增長(zhǎng)百分之十。

      Despite what he said, I didn't believe the news.不論她如何說(shuō),我也不相信這個(gè)消息。

      相關(guān)詞匯:in spite of 盡管,任憑

      13.guilt有罪;內(nèi)疚

      There is no doubt about the guilt of a man who steals.Her face showed guilt though she said she had not done that.14.deserving : a.應(yīng)得,值得

      派生詞:deserve v.應(yīng)得,值得(賓語(yǔ)可用名詞、動(dòng)名詞、或不定式)

      用法:be deserving of;deserve + n./ doing / to do sth.His efforts are certainly deserving of praise.他的努力當(dāng)然值得表?yè)P(yáng)。

      The question deserves consideration.這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得考慮。

      He deserves to lose because he cheated.他該輸,因?yàn)樗鞅住?/p>

      The project deserves further investigation.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目值得進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。

      15.Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯

      16.breadwinner 養(yǎng)家糊口的人

      同義詞:provider

      17.shelf 擱板,架子 復(fù)數(shù):變f為I+ves 類似地,life, leaf

      18.minimum: a./ n.最小量;最低限制

      派生詞:minimize v.使最小化

      反義詞:maximum n.最大量,最大限制(手寫(xiě)板)

      用法: Wage increases are being kept to a minimum in many companies because of the depression.由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣,很多公司的工資增長(zhǎng)都被限制在最小幅度。

      We need a minimum of ten people to play this game.玩這個(gè)游戲我們至少需要10個(gè)人。

      We have reduced the costs to the minimum.我們已將費(fèi)用減至最低額。

      19.employee 雇員 employer 雇主

      20.incidence 發(fā)生率

      21.status n.1.情況,狀況2.地位,身份 同義詞:situation

      the status of world affairs 世界形勢(shì)

      status as a scholar 學(xué)者身份

      immigrant status 移民身份

      status of women in society 婦女的社會(huì)地位

      the political situation 政治面貌

      the domestic situation 國(guó)內(nèi)形式

      the international situation 國(guó)際形式

      to kick out

      驅(qū)逐出境 immigrant a.移民的,僑民的

      New York has a huge number of immigrant population.紐約有大量的移民。

      n.移民,僑民

      Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught.非法移民如果被抓住會(huì)被遣送出境。

      deport v.驅(qū)逐出境

      Thousands of illegal immigrants are caught and deported every year.詞組:

      1.to bring over: 把… 帶來(lái);使轉(zhuǎn)變

      You might bring your girlfriend over tomorrow evening.明天晚上你不妨把你的女朋友帶來(lái)。

      What she said brought me over to her opinion.她的話使我轉(zhuǎn)而同意她的意見(jiàn)。

      Can this small boat bring them over to this side of the river ?

      這條小船能把他們運(yùn)到河的那邊嗎?

      相關(guān)詞匯:bring up 養(yǎng)育,撫育; bring about 引起,帶來(lái),產(chǎn)生

      2.be deserving of 值得,應(yīng)得

      He is deserving of the praise for his work.鑒于他的工作應(yīng)受到這表?yè)P(yáng)。

      The robber is deserving of capital punishment.這個(gè)強(qiáng)盜應(yīng)處極刑。

      3.be supposed to : 應(yīng)該, 理應(yīng)

      You are not supposed to smoke in here.你不應(yīng)在這里吸煙。

      Employees are supposed to be here at eight every day.雇員們應(yīng)該每天8點(diǎn)鐘到這里。slave machine machinery

      Britain Briton

      Statistical figure

      Diploma

      Broad abroad board aboard

      Exploitation

      Abuse normal abnormal

      Use usage used useless misuse

      Launch a campaign

      Sexual sexy

      Visa carry out implement

      Execution CEo=chief executive officer

      Convict sb of murder

      Convict

      Despite= in spite of the difficulty/ the bad weather,Guilty be guilty of

      Are you guilty of telling a lie?

      Innocent innocence

      Deserve doing

      His deeds deserve praising.Be deserving of =deserve

      Breadearner Minimum minimal minimize

      Maximum maximal maximize

      The purpose of management is to minimize the waste and maximize the efficiency.Employ employer employee

      Interviewee interviewer employment unemployment

      Leaflet booklet starlet

      Incidence of cancer

      Incident

      Immigrate immigration immigrant

      Emigrate emigrant emigration

      Deport

      Make use of

      The residents are campaigning the local government to drive the factory away.He deserved to be criticized.Take over

      III.課文精講

      第一部分:

      paras.1-2

      1.There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain(the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics).據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在英國(guó)工作的外籍家庭傭人有兩萬(wàn)多人

      本句為there be 句型的變體,working in Britain 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾servants.括號(hào)里內(nèi)容:(由于處理該項(xiàng)事務(wù)的政府部門(mén)-內(nèi)政部-沒(méi)有做過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì),精確數(shù)字不得而知)

      原因狀語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)“內(nèi)政部”有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)。

      There are estimated to be more than 20,000 ?可以改寫(xiě)為“It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 ?”;表示“據(jù)說(shuō)、據(jù)報(bào)道、據(jù)信、據(jù)認(rèn)為、據(jù)估計(jì)、據(jù)稱”的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種:

      2.Usually, they have been brought over by foreign businessmen, diplomats of Britons returning from abroad.returning from abroad是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),充當(dāng)Britons的定語(yǔ)。

      3.Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain.根據(jù)設(shè)在倫敦的幫助在倫敦工作的外籍家庭傭人的政治組織說(shuō),在兩萬(wàn)多外籍家庭傭人中幾乎有2000人正遭受雇主的剝削和虐待。

      句首Of相當(dāng)于Among,意思是“在?當(dāng)中”;句中“are being exploited and abused”為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示“正在被…剝削和凌辱”。

      under相當(dāng)于less than,意為“將近、不到”;“-based”意為“設(shè)(駐)在…的,以…為基礎(chǔ)的,以… 為主要手段的”。例如: shore-based aircraft 岸基飛機(jī)

      the agency's Paris-based press officer 該機(jī)構(gòu)駐巴黎的新聞發(fā)布官。

      London-based意思是“總部設(shè)在倫敦的”;which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的a London-based campaigning group,從句中working in Britain是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),修飾前面的servants,作定語(yǔ)。第二段:

      1.The abuse can take several forms.2.Often the domestics are not allowed to go out, and they do not receive any payment.該句的domestic是名詞,相當(dāng)于domestic servant;allow sb to do sth意思是“允許某人做某事”,句中to go out是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成分。

      3.They can be physically, sexually and psychologically abused.4.And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible.他們?cè)谏眢w上、性和心理上遭受凌辱。他們還會(huì)被收去護(hù)照,使得出走或“逃跑”根本不可能。

      “have their passports removed”是 have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)?!皉emoved” 是過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示被動(dòng),意為“使得護(hù)照被拿走”。making … impossible 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).第二部分:

      paras.3-8 1.The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.今年年初,幾個(gè)透明度頗高的案例中有關(guān)世界各地的家庭女傭的悲慘狀況受到新聞媒體的關(guān)注。

      該句主要結(jié)構(gòu)是:The sad condition received much media attention.The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world 在句中作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)是received 受到, “in several highly publicized cases”的意思是“在幾個(gè)被高度曝光的案例中”。

      介詞短語(yǔ)of women working ? around the world是主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)成分,earlier this year in several highly publicised cases是狀語(yǔ)成分;women working as ? 是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),所有格標(biāo)記“'s”被省略,本應(yīng)為women's working as ?,當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí),所有格標(biāo)記's則可以省略。work as意思是“當(dāng)、充當(dāng)”,試比較work like:He works as a slave.他當(dāng)奴隸。He works like a slave.他象奴隸一樣地工作。

      2.In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.其中一個(gè)案例是講一位菲律賓女傭因被指控犯有謀殺罪在新加坡被處死,盡管有來(lái)自各地的抗議認(rèn)為她的罪名不足以成立。

      句中“being convicted of murder”為動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)式作介詞 “after”的賓語(yǔ),表示“被判為謀殺罪”。convict sb of sth 是固定搭配,意思是“判某人犯有?罪行”;despite是介詞,相當(dāng)于in spite of,意思是“盡管、雖然”后接名詞性成分;from various quarters意為“來(lái)自四方”;that所引導(dǎo)的從句是protests(抗議)的同位語(yǔ)從句。

      3.Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London:

      be deserving of意思是“值得”,deserving是形容詞,來(lái)自動(dòng)詞deserve,deserve可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):

      P.85

      第4段:

      1.“I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.the Philippines可指”菲律賓群島“,也可指國(guó)家名稱”菲律賓“;to work in London 是不定式短語(yǔ),充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

      2.I was supposed to be paid £120 but I never received that amount.be supposed to 有兩種用法:表示理應(yīng)、應(yīng)該:Everyone is supposed to wear a sear belt in the car.汽車內(nèi)每個(gè)人都應(yīng)系安全帶。表示“一般認(rèn)為”I haven’t seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a really good film.我自己并未看過(guò)這部片子,但普遍認(rèn)為這是一部好片子。此處的be supposed to 和be expected to同義,譯為”應(yīng)該“,例如:

      You are supposed to finish your work by Friday.你應(yīng)該在星期五之前把工作完成。3.They always threatened that they would send me back to my country.”

      動(dòng)詞threaten可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu): threaten sb with sth以?威脅某人 threaten that 威脅說(shuō)?

      threaten to do sth威脅說(shuō)要做某事 第5段:

      1.Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.2.The main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.比較used to和be used to:

      1)used to意思是“過(guò)去、過(guò)去常常”;used是動(dòng)詞,且只有過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);to是不定式符號(hào),后面接動(dòng)詞原形。

      2)be used to表示“習(xí)慣于”;be是連系動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)態(tài)變化;used是形容詞;to是介詞,后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

      3.Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.it 是形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)是to feed her four children;形容詞difficult是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。4.She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked:

      該句中feel like意思是“感覺(jué)象”;feel like也可表示“想”,例如: I feel like a swim / going swimming.我想去游泳。第6段:

      1.“No days off--ever, no breaks at all, no proper food.No days off意思是”不放假“,此處off 表示”休假、休息、不上班“,例如: I think I'll take the afternoon off.我想我下午要休假半天。The manager gave the staff a day off.經(jīng)理放全體職員一天假。

      You mustn't take time off just because you want to see a football match.你不可以只是為了看一場(chǎng)足球賽而休假。

      2.I didn't have my own room;I slept on a shelf with a space of only three feet above me.該句第二分句中,with a space of only three feet above me是含有介詞with的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),充當(dāng)shelf的定語(yǔ)成分;該結(jié)構(gòu)是:

      3.I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody.to talk to anybody是不定式短語(yǔ),充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。4.I wasn't even allowed to open the window.該句結(jié)構(gòu)同上。

      5.My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.”

      動(dòng)詞threaten可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu): threaten sb with sth以?威脅某人 threaten that 威脅說(shuō)?

      threaten to do sth威脅說(shuō)要做某事 本句出現(xiàn)了上面的第三種結(jié)構(gòu)。第7段:

      1.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers.at the end of意思是“在?底、在?末、在?的最后”;introduce measures相當(dāng)于take measures,意思是“采取措施”;help +(to)do意為“幫助做某事”;protect ? from ?是一固定搭配,表示“保護(hù)?免遭(?的痛苦或虐待)”。“that”引導(dǎo)protests 的同位語(yǔ)從句,表示抗議的內(nèi)容。

      2.This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job(of which the employees should see a copy).措施包括把雇工的最小年齡提高到18歲,使受雇者能閱讀并理解通告單,使雇主同意提供適當(dāng)?shù)纳钯M(fèi)用和條件,并寫(xiě)出工作條件和主要的工作條款(受雇者應(yīng)有此種副本)。

      該句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是included,include后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。其賓語(yǔ)是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ):increasing ?, getting employees to ?和getting employers to ?,表示新措施包括的三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。get sb.to do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,其中to do sth.是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);to agree to provide ?和to put in writing the main ?是并列關(guān)系,同時(shí)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);put ? in writing意思是“把?形諸文字”,in writing ,因?yàn)樽髻e補(bǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)較短,而賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng),故把賓補(bǔ)提前。此處put的賓語(yǔ)是the main terms and conditions of the job;of which 引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾writing。第8段:

      1.However, many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.doubt可以是動(dòng)詞,也可是名詞,一般情況下,在否定句中,doubt 后總是跟著that 從句,在肯定句中,doubt后接if(whether)或that 從句。但一般以為肯定句接if(whether)較為規(guī)范。

      I don’t doubt that he’s telling the truth.I doubt whether/if he’s telling the truth.2.For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer.因?yàn)槟切┢髨D抗議惡劣生活和工作條件的外籍女傭和家仆所面臨的主要問(wèn)題是他們沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的移民身份,因此不能更換雇主。

      該句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為 “For …problem … is that ….”該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)是the main problem,系動(dòng)詞是is,表語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句;主語(yǔ)后面有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)facing overseas maids and domestics ?作定語(yǔ),而overseas maids and domestics后面又有who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;complain about亦作complain of,意思是“抱怨”。

      3.(They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.)

      該句有一定語(yǔ)從句,由which引導(dǎo),該從句修飾前面的a special concession,故which為單數(shù),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是allows。

      4.So if they do complain, they risk being deported.do是助動(dòng)詞,用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,risk后面只可接動(dòng)名詞,而不可接不定式,因是被動(dòng)意義,故出現(xiàn)risk being deported;這類動(dòng)詞有:finish, mind, suggest, enjoy, give up, can't help, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, postpone, admit, deny, practise, excuse, fancy, imagine, keep, miss, risk, appreciate P.86

      第三部分

      Para.9 1.Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for.Allowing domestic workers the freedom ? but with a different employer是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),作句子主語(yǔ),is是連系動(dòng)詞,后面有what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句;if they so choose條件狀語(yǔ)從句意思是“如果他們這樣選擇的話”,相當(dāng)于if they choose to seek the same type of work but with a different employer;campaign sb for sth意思是“為了?對(duì)某人進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)、促使某人去做某事”,而campaign sb against sth與它意思相反,意思是“為了反對(duì)?對(duì)某人進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)、促使某人不要去做某事”。

      2.It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.他們說(shuō),正是有權(quán)改變雇主的這一做法區(qū)分了雇傭制和奴隸制 該句they say是插入語(yǔ);distinguish ? from ?意思是“把?和?區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)”;It is the right ? which distinguishes ?意思是“正是改換雇主的權(quán)利劃清了雇傭和奴役的界限”,該句是一很不規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子,規(guī)范的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是:It is the right ? that distinguishes ?,這是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。to distinguish … from 把…區(qū)分開(kāi)

      Unit 4重點(diǎn)句

      1.There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain(the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics).There be 表“存在”的句型。

      2.Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain.3.And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping”virtually impossible.4.The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicised cases.5.In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.Guilt n.有罪 反義詞: innocence

      Guilty adj.有罪的 反義詞 innocente

      6.Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.The main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.7.This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job(of which the employees should see a copy).注意三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。

      8.For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer.9.It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.只有更換雇主的權(quán)利才能把雇傭同奴役區(qū)別開(kāi)。

      IV.練習(xí)

      1.單詞英譯漢

      domestic,statistic,diplomat,exploit,campaign,execute,convict,despite,deserving,shelf,minimum,status,deport,Word study

      1.exploit: vt.開(kāi)采,開(kāi)發(fā);利用;剝削

      The student exploits every possibility to learn English.這個(gè)學(xué)生利用一切可能性學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

      2.campaign

      n.1.戰(zhàn)役;2.運(yùn)動(dòng),參與運(yùn)動(dòng)

      Our country is launching a campaign against waste.我們國(guó)家正在開(kāi)展反浪費(fèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

      Our country is launching a campaign environment protection.我們國(guó)家正在開(kāi)展環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。

      Vt.參加運(yùn)動(dòng),參加競(jìng)選活動(dòng)

      They were campaign to keep the local school open.他們?yōu)槭巩?dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校不致關(guān)閉而奔走活動(dòng)。

      3.Execute

      Vt.實(shí)行,執(zhí)行,完成,貫徹;將??處死

      The pianist executed the piece of music perfectly.這位鋼琴家把這首曲子演奏得完美極了。

      The criminal was executed after the trial.審判后罪犯即被處死。

      課后漢譯英:

      1.開(kāi)發(fā)資源要適度

      Resources should be properly exploited(用被動(dòng)).2.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目值得進(jìn)一步調(diào)查

      The project deserves/is deserving of further investigation

      3.無(wú)論她如何說(shuō),我也不相信這個(gè)消息

      Despite what she said, I didn’t believe this news.B課文重點(diǎn)詞匯

      eyewitness:n.目擊者;見(jiàn)證人

      degrade:vt.降級(jí),貶低;墮落;退化

      liberty:n.自由,自由權(quán);冒昧,失禮;(pl.)特許權(quán),特權(quán)

      2.句子英譯漢

      (1)There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.(2)Of these 20,000 , just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.(3)The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.(4)A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.(5)She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.(6)Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.(7)So if they do complain , they risk being deported.(8)This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job(of which the employees should see a copy).(9)For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer.(10)It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.3.句子漢譯英

      (1)處理有關(guān)事務(wù)的政府部門(mén)沒(méi)有做統(tǒng)計(jì)。

      The government department that deals with relevant affairs does not keep statistics.(2)正因?yàn)樗裏o(wú)法養(yǎng)家才同意做家仆。

      It was because she found it difficult to feed her family that she accepted a job working as a domestic.(3)她是一名沙特外交官直接從菲律賓雇到倫敦來(lái)工作的。

      She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London.(4)家仆的工作狀況得到了新聞媒介的關(guān)注。

      The conditions of working as domestics have received media attention.(5)雇主們總是威脅要把我們遣送回國(guó)。

      The employers always threatened to send us back to our countries.Translation

      1.許多家庭傭人受到雇主的剝削和虐待。

      答:Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers.2.自去年以來(lái),女傭們的悲慘境況已受到媒體密切關(guān)注。

      答:The bad condition of the woman servants has received much media attention since last year.3.他經(jīng)常威脅我,說(shuō)要將我遣送回國(guó)。

      答: He always threatened that he would send me back to my country.4.她曾在一家茶葉廠工作,工資很低。

      答: She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory.5.據(jù)估計(jì)有兩萬(wàn)多名外國(guó)家傭在英國(guó)工作。

      答: It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.4.歷年考題

      (1)When they get out of prison, they ______(increase)the level of their criminal behavior.答案:will increase.考點(diǎn):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是get 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以從句用will increase.(主將從現(xiàn))

      (2)At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help ______ domestic workers from abuse by their employers.A.protect

      B.suspect

      C.expect

      D.inspect

      答案是:A.考點(diǎn)是:protect … from 保護(hù)… 免受 …

      (3)_____ their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other.A.As for

      B.Owing to

      C.Despite

      D.Through

      答案:C.考點(diǎn):despite 表示讓步的關(guān)系。本句的意思是:盡管他們之間有分歧,但他們彼此深愛(ài)對(duì)方。exploit vt.開(kāi)拓, 開(kāi)發(fā), 開(kāi)采, 剝削, 用以自肥v.使用 exploitable adj.可開(kāi)發(fā)的,可利用的,可剝削的 exploitability n.可開(kāi)發(fā)性,可利用性,可剝削性

      exploitation n.開(kāi)發(fā), 開(kāi)采, 剝削, 自私的利用, 宣傳, 廣告 exploitative adj.開(kāi)發(fā)資源的, 剝削的 execute vt.執(zhí)行, 實(shí)行, 完成, 處死, 制成, [律]經(jīng)簽名蓋章等手續(xù)使(證書(shū))生效 accomplish carry out complete do kill perform put to death executive adj.實(shí)行的, 執(zhí)行的, 行政的n.執(zhí)行者, 經(jīng)理主管人員

      execution n.實(shí)行, 完成, 執(zhí)行, 死刑, 制作,(武器等的)破壞效果, 殺傷力 execute a command 執(zhí)行命令

      execute one's duties [office]盡職 execute a piece of work完成一件工作

      execute a plan實(shí)施計(jì)劃

      execute a purpose達(dá)到目的execute instruction執(zhí)行指令

      execute an order接受訂貨

      execute a contract在合同上簽字

      execute the part of Hamlet扮演哈姆雷特

      execute a piece of music演奏一首樂(lè)曲 3.employ vt.雇用, 用, 使用v.使用n.雇用

      employee n.職工, 雇員, 店員

      employer n.雇主, 老板 employment n.雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 職業(yè) employless adj.失業(yè)的,無(wú)業(yè)的 4.immigrate vt.使移居入境vi.移來(lái)

      immigrant adj.(從外國(guó))移來(lái)的, 移民的, 移居的n.移民, 僑民 immigration n.外來(lái)的移民, 移居入境

      動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

      1.It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of the factory ___by about 10%.a.will have risen b.has risen c.will be rising d.has been rising 2.It’s already 5 o’clock now.Don’t you think it’s about time____? a.we are going home b.we go home c.we went home d.we can go home 3.That work is needed by next week, so make sure ___ to the deadline.a.you keep b keeping c you’ll keep d.for keeping 4.If you ___ television every evening, of course your eyes will ache.a.sit and watch b.will sit and watch c.are to sit and watch d.sat and watched 5.I suddenly ___ an insect crawling up my leg.a.felt b.was feeling c.was felt d.was being felt 6.He ___ New York and will stay there for a year.a.has been to b.has left for c.has come from d.has left 7.When she got to the office, she ___ a cup of tea.a.made b.was making c.makes d.has made 8.“What are you looking for?” “I can’t remember where I __ my pen”.a.leave b.left c.had left d.was left 9.Atoms ____ to be indivisible units of matter.a.are considered b.will be considered c.were considered d.would be considered 10.Alice was very angry because _____.a.she was feeling well b.she didn’t feel well c.she doesn’t feel good d.she wasn’t feeling good 11.I wish you ____ me yesterday.a.tell b.could tell c.would tell d.had told 12.The boss asked that the letter ____ immediately.a.be typed b.typed c.have typed d.being typed 13.Grandpa hoped that his grand-children ___ him weekends.a.visit b.will visit c.would visit d.visited 14.”Will you go to the park with us tomorrow? “If the weather_______, I’ll go.”

      a.permits b.would permit c.be permitting d.will permit 15 He __ for six years by the time he takes his examination.a.had been studying English b.will have been studying English c.studies English d.study English 16.We’ll set off at noon if it_____ raining by then.a.will stop b.has stopped c.will have stopped d.stopped 17.Weather______, we will go out for picnic.a.permits b.should permit c.will permit d.permitting 18 “Have you seen a football match?”

      “Yes.”

      “ And __ it?”

      “No.”

      a.were you enjoying b.had you enjoyed c, did you enjoy d.have you enjoyed 19.I like Tom but I don’t like______to me like that.a.he talking b.he talk c, his talking d.his talk 20 When he was in Japan, he was considering_______ a trip to China.a.making b.to make c make d.made 21.Look at these clouds._____.a.It’ll rain b.It’s going to rain

      c.It’ll be raining d.It is to rain 22.Look at John!What ___? a.does he b.he is doing c.is he doing d.does he do 23.Bill ___ a job in a factory, but he refused to take it.(offer)24.I __ my breakfast when the morning post came.(have)25.Nobody likes him because he ___ too much but __ too less.(say, do)26.I’ll be going to school on foot while my bike ___.(repaired)27.My mother ___ here before, I had to meet her at the station.(be)28.“What happened?” “We __ for an hour when the bus finally came.”(wait)29.Charles Dickens ___ a lot of novels.(write)30.How many people ___ the meeting.(attend)31.Mr.Brown ___ here for two weeks.(be)32.Hand in your papers when you ____ the test.(finish)33.When I arrived in Beijing the sun ___.(shine)34.I hope I ___ no mistakes in my work so far.(make)35.By the end of last month, she ___ all her money.(spend)36.You’d better take your raincoat with you.It__ for hours.(rain)37.Mr.Li ___ stamps since he was a little boy.(collect)38.I feel very tired.I __ all the morning.(read)39.By the time the course ends, we __ a lot about Britain.(learn)40.She was so interested in the book that she __ it for three hours before she realized it.(read)41.I __ him twice during the past week.(see)42.She told me she ___ the party two years before.(join)43.I can’t tell you if it __ tomorrow.(rain)

      44.The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.(unload)45.Will you tell us how you ___ to overcome the difficulties?(manage)46.The doctor arrived quickly, but the patient ___(already die).47.I ___ here since I retired.(live)48.When she arrived, I ___ tea.(make)49.I knew what he ____.(mean)50.This park ____(open)half an hour after sunrise and ___(close)half an hour before sunset.51.I ____(think)you already ____(know)my views on the matter.52.I’m tired of working in an office.I ___(think)of changing my job.53.I gradually ___(forget)all the French I ever learnt at school.54.What do you ____(think)I should do? 55.I ___(see)you’ve got a new car.56.For the past few years, my reading ___(limit)to newspapers.57.Great changes _____(take place)here since he ____(leave)58.I ____(ring)the doorbell for several minutes, but no one answered.59.What on earth ___ you ___(do)all this morning? Your clothes ___(cover)in paint.60.At last they got the letter they _____(expect).翻譯:

      1.He is always telling lies.2.She is always helping others.3.圣誕節(jié)就要來(lái)了。

      4.今年夏天我打算去游覽巴黎。

      5.我原打算去那兒,但我有一些急事要處理。

      1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. Was offered 24. Was having 25. Is always saying, doing 26. Is being repaired 27. Had never been 28. Had been waiting 29. Wrote 30. Attended 31. Has been 32. Have finished 33. Was whining 34. Have make 35. Had spent 36. Has been raining 37. Has been collecting 38. Have been reading 39. Will have learnt 40. Had read 41. Have seen 42. Had joined 43. Will rain 44. Were being unloaded 45. Managed 46. Had died 47. Have lived 48. Was making 49. Meant 50. opens 51. Think knew 52. Am thinking 53. Am forgetting 54. Think 55. see 56. Has been limited 57. Have taken place, left 58. Have been ringing 59. Have you been doing, are covered 60. Had been expecing 4.I had intended to go there, but I had something emergent to deal with.5.we are going to visit paris this summer.Text B Return of The Chain Gang

      Title翻譯:又返回到用鐵鏈子把囚犯?jìng)兯┰谝黄鸶苫畹臅r(shí)代了 I.New Words

      重點(diǎn)詞匯精講:

      1.deny : 否認(rèn),否定;拒不給某人所需之物:

      用法:deny 后要加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)

      Neil denies breaking the window, but I'm sure he did.內(nèi)爾否認(rèn)打破了窗戶,但我肯定是他干的。

      Their boss denied them their request for higher wages.2.degrade : v.降級(jí),貶低;分解、墮落、退化:

      派生詞:grade n.等級(jí),級(jí)別

      de-是前綴表示 “reduce, remove, down, showing an opposite”的意思。

      相關(guān)詞匯構(gòu)詞法: codedevalue;formdemerit;

      3.ineffective: 無(wú)效的

      反義詞:effective a.有效的;

      4.watch over 看守、照管、監(jiān)視: Would you watch over our clothes while we have a swim?

      5.call up打電話:使想起、使回憶起:

      Tonight I am going to call up my parents(to call my parents up).The sound of happy laughter call up memories of his childhood chain gang 用鐵鏈拴在一起勞動(dòng)的囚犯隊(duì)

      II.課文分析

      P.97

      第一段:

      1.Eyewitnesses say it was a scene straight out of a black and white movie from the 1950s.目擊者說(shuō)這仿佛是直接取自20世紀(jì)50年代黑白電影的一幕。

      句中賓語(yǔ)從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that.straight為副詞,意為“直接地” the 1950s表示“20世紀(jì)50年代”。

      2.As the sun rose over the fields of Huntsville, Alabama, in the American South, the convicts got down from the trucks that had brought them there.As the sun ? in the American South是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句是the convicts got ? had brought them there;在主句中,the trucks 后面有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

      3.Watched over by guards with guns, they raised their legs in unison and made their way to the edge of the highway, Interstate 65.他們?cè)诤蓸寣?shí)彈的警衛(wèi)的看守下,步伐一致地邁動(dòng)雙腿,向著65號(hào)州際公路路邊走去。

      watch over意思是“看守、監(jiān)管”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。;in unison意思是“一致”,make one's way后面往往接介詞to / towards / along / across / through,意思是“(向、朝著、沿著、橫穿、穿過(guò)?)走去”。the highway,interstate 65(美國(guó))65號(hào)州際公路

      4.The BBC's Washington correspondent Clare Bolderson was there and she sent this report:

      this report譯為“如下報(bào)道”,此處this是后指代詞。第二段:

      1.“They wore white uniforms with the words 'Chain Gang' on their backs and, in groups of five, were shackled together in leg irons joined by an eight-foot chain.with the words 'Chain Gang' on their backs是含有with的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),由 ”with + 名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)“構(gòu)成;該結(jié)構(gòu)是:

      2.The prisoners will work for up to 90 days on the gang: they'll clear ditches of weeds and mend fences along Alabama's main roads.up to意為”長(zhǎng)達(dá)“,on the gang意思是”是這一幫派的一員“,在名詞gang, committee, team前面的介詞用on,例如:The black girl is on the American team.那位黑人姑娘是美國(guó)隊(duì)的。clear ditches of weeds意思是”把雜草從陰溝里清除掉“;clear A of B相當(dāng)于clear B from A。3.While they are working on the gang, they'll also live in some of the harshest prison conditions in the United States.work on the gang意思是”串在一起勞動(dòng)“。

      4.There'll be no televisions or phone calls;many other day-to-day privileges will be denied.”

      no televisions or phone calls意為“沒(méi)有電視,也沒(méi)有電話”,前面有否定詞時(shí),并列的名詞用or連接,都被否定;該句中deny意為“剝奪”。第三段:

      1.The authorities in Alabama say there is a lot of support for the re-introduction of chain gangs in the State after a gap of 30 years(the last gangs were abolished in Georgia in the early 1960s).巴馬當(dāng)局聲稱,事隔30年(喬治亞州最后一批用鐵鏈串在一起的囚犯于60年代初被廢止),有許多人贊成恢復(fù)使用這種刑法,認(rèn)為這是讓罪犯向社會(huì)贖罪的有效方法。1)authority作當(dāng)局解釋時(shí),前面要有定冠詞,而且總用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      2)re-introduction(恢復(fù)使用),是個(gè)派生詞,re是前綴,表示:再、又。Introduction在此處的意思是“采用、推行”: The government is introducing a ban on smoking in public places there is a lot of support for the re-introduction of chain gangs ?意思是many people support the re-introduction of chain gangs?;in the early 1960s意思是“在20世紀(jì)60年代早期”。2.Many people believe it is an effective way to get criminals to pay back their debt to society.許多人相信這是一種讓罪犯向社會(huì)還清債務(wù)的有效途徑。

      it是形式賓語(yǔ),不定式to get criminal to pay back their debt to society為實(shí)際賓語(yǔ)

      to get criminals to ?是不定式短語(yǔ),充當(dāng)前面way的定語(yǔ)成分;因?yàn)閣ay與get criminals to pay back ?之間沒(méi)有邏輯主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故以不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ);此處get是使動(dòng)用法,意思是“使?處于?狀態(tài)、讓?做某事”;使動(dòng)用法的動(dòng)詞用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):

      第四段:

      1.The prisoners stay shackled when they use toilets.囚犯?jìng)兩蠋臅r(shí)候也帶著鐐銬。

      本句是個(gè)復(fù)合句。Stay既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也是系動(dòng)詞(出現(xiàn)在系動(dòng)詞的位置上),相當(dāng)于are,所以后面常接形容詞或類似的詞。Shackled 在此是過(guò)去分詞,相當(dāng)于形容詞。:Last night I stayed awaked in bed.2.They reacted sharply to the treatment they are given: 他們強(qiáng)烈反抗他們所受到的待遇。

      動(dòng)詞react 與to 搭配,表示“對(duì)?作出反應(yīng)”;另有respond, reaction, response與to 搭配。they are given 為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾 the treatment

      第五段:

      1.Prisoner one: “This is like a circus.A zoo.All chained here to a zoo.We're all animals now.”

      此句為省略句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are 被省略 , 應(yīng)為all are chained here to a zoo.意為:所有的人都被鎖鏈拴住,這里成了動(dòng)物園。

      P.98

      第二段:

      1.Prisoner two: “It's degrading.It's embarrassing.” 第三段:

      1.Prisoner three: “In chains.It's slavery!” 第四段:

      1.Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by, when black people were brought from Africa in leg irons and made to work in plantations owned by white men.本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Six out of every ten… are black是主語(yǔ)、which 引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾全句、在定語(yǔ)從句中,又有一個(gè)why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句之后,又有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句修飾定語(yǔ)從句。

      call up意思是“使想起、使憶起”;when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的centuries gone by ;gone by過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),修飾 centuries.,相當(dāng)于ago.; make sb do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式符號(hào)to必須省略,但是當(dāng)make用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),to必須保留。句中并列謂語(yǔ)是were brought ,(were)made to work是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),因此不可以省略不動(dòng)式符號(hào)to。

      Chains 與irons 為同義詞,意為“鐐銬”。

      2.Not surprisingly, although three quarters of the white population of Alabama supports chain gangs, only a small number of black people do.a small number of意思是“少數(shù)”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;句末的do是助動(dòng)詞,代替support chain gangs。

      3.Don Claxton, spokesman for the State Government of Alabama, insists that the system is not racist:

      該句中insist意思是“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”,后面的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣,若insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求”,后面的從句則必須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,動(dòng)詞形式為(should)do。例如: He insisted that I was wrong.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我錯(cuò)了。

      He insisted that the meeting(should)be put off till the next week.他堅(jiān)持要求把會(huì)議推遲至下一周舉行。第五段:

      1.“This isn't something that's done for racial reasons, for political reasons.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾something;reason前面的介詞用for。

      2.This is something that's going to help save the people of Alabama tax money because they don't have to pay as many officers to work on the highways.help + do意為”有助于做某事“;pay sb to do sth意思是”付錢(qián)給某人做某事“。3.And it's going to help clean up our highways and it's going to help clean up the State.”

      clean up意思是“清理、打掃、治理”。

      第六段:

      1.However, the re-introduction of these measures has caused a great deal of strong disagreement.a great deal of意思是“大量的”,后接不可數(shù)名詞。

      2.Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains is not only inhumane but also ineffective.not only ? but also ?意為“不僅?而且?”。

      3.Alvin Bronstein, member of the Civil Liberties Union, says that study after study has shown that you cannot prevent people from committing crimes by punishment or the threat of punishment:

      study after study意思是“一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究”;prevent ? from ?意為“阻止某人做某事”,和stop ? from ?,keep ? from ?同義。

      4.“What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile, so that when they get out of prison, they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour.”

      make prisoners more angry ?是不定式短語(yǔ),充當(dāng)句子的表語(yǔ)成分,what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中有do,則在表語(yǔ)中不定式省略to,因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,試比較: The girl's wish is to become a movie star.What the girl wishes to do is(to)become a movie star.so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“因此、所以”。第七段:

      1.Civil liberties groups say that chaining people together doesn't solve the causes of crime, such as poverty or disaffection within society.such as意思是“諸如”。

      2.What it does is punish prisoners for the ills of society.What it does is punish prisoners ?結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,所以,表語(yǔ)可以用動(dòng)詞原形。

      3.They say the practice takes the United States back to the Middle Ages, and that it is a shame to American society.the Middle Ages意思是“中世紀(jì)”;and that ?和前面的從句the practice takes ? the Middle Ages是并列關(guān)系,前一從句的that被省略,而后面的that不可省略。

      4.But that's not an argument likely to win favour among many people in the Deep South of the United States.此處的argument譯為“說(shuō)法”,后面有形容詞短語(yǔ)likely to win?the United States作定語(yǔ),修飾argument;該定語(yǔ)可改為定語(yǔ)從句which is likely to win ?,likely意為“可能”,后接to do sth,不可替換為possible。win favour 意為“贏得贊同”be not likely to 不可能favor 喜歡 5.Alabama's experiment is to be widened to include more prisoners, and other States, such as Arkansas and Arizona, will very probably introduce their own chain gang schemes.阿拉巴馬要在更多的犯人身上試用這種辦法,像阿肯色喝亞里桑那等其他幾個(gè)州也很有可能施行各自的一套串綁犯人的方法。

      該句為并列句,以and連接;第一分句中,“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)時(shí)間,表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;第二分句中introduce意思是“施行、實(shí)施”。

      III.語(yǔ) 法

      There be “存在”句型

      1.to be 作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)與后面的主語(yǔ)一致

      例如:There are a lot of people in the room.There is one person/ nobody in the room.2.be 與助動(dòng)詞搭配作謂語(yǔ)

      例如:There is no doubt about his guilt.There can be very little doubt about his guilt.3.與其它詞相結(jié)合構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)

      例如:There are estimated to be more than …

      There is going to …

      4.其它一些表示“存在”意義的動(dòng)詞也可以代替to be作謂語(yǔ)

      例如:There existed a conflict.5.除be之外,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可以用 occur ,come,live stand , lie

      以及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) happen to be,seem to be , be likely to be , be bound to be。例句參見(jiàn)書(shū)中P.91注釋1

      第五篇:自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)(二)》復(fù)習(xí)串講資料(七)

      免費(fèi)?宅在家學(xué)英語(yǔ)?怎么報(bào)名?

      最牛英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)模式:躺在家里練口語(yǔ),全程外教一對(duì)一,三個(gè)月暢談無(wú)阻!洛基英語(yǔ),免費(fèi)體驗(yàn)全部在線一對(duì)一課程:(報(bào)名網(wǎng)址)

      Unit 3

      22.Each time it is shown,the program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.23.In addition to this,a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met.24.In the vast majority of euthanasia cases,what the patient is actually asking for is something else.25.Euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying.26.Anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.27.Instructions will be sent immediately on request.28.Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost.29.She bore the whole burden of raising two children alone.30.Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.31.The committee demands that no member(should)be absent.Unit 4

      32.Of these 20,000,just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.33.In one of them,a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder,despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.34.I was supposed to be paid £120 but I never received that amount.35.My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.36.Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of

      免費(fèi)?宅在家學(xué)英語(yǔ)?怎么報(bào)名?

      abuse.37.So if they do complain,they risk being deported.38.It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.39.The student exploits every possibility to learn English.40.Our country is launching a campaign against waste.41.We should be always aware of the status of world affairs.42.There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for.Unit 5

      43.The new music was built out of materials already in existence.44.They freely took over elements from jazz,from American country music,and as time went on from even more diverse sources.45.What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.46.In studio recordings,new techniques made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live.47.Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume,the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand

      48.Often music was played out of doors,where nature provided the environment.49 The social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society.50.All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.Unit 6

      51.Robots,becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world,are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.免費(fèi)?宅在家學(xué)英語(yǔ)?怎么報(bào)名?

      52.The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials,preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.53.Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task,they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.54.Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products.55.These future robots,assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions,will have plenty of work to do.56.Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.57.His words cast a new light on the problem.58.We should be aware of the dangers of exposing children to violence on TV.Unit 7

      59.People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time.60.Generally speaking,the quality of life,especially as seen by the individual,is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.61.The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.62.Experiences of a different nature,be it television watching or bird-watching,can lead to a self-renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.63.Such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.64.To impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.65.It can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes,interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.免費(fèi)?宅在家學(xué)英語(yǔ)?怎么報(bào)名?

      66.The more seriously this is sought,the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.67.You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.68.We should make our lives relevant to the needs of the country.69.He always has some positive ideas on company policy.Unit 8

      70.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.71.The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.72.He later blamed his poor judgment on Jet Lag.73.Now that we understand what Jet Lag is,we can go some way to overcoming it.74.In time,the physiological system will reset itself,but it does take time.75.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.76.That is by no means the best way of proceeding.77.He didn't take alarm at the news.78.The pianist promoted a grand benefit concert.79.He didn't want to be tied to a steady job.“成千上萬(wàn)人瘋狂下載。。。

      更多價(jià)值連城的絕密英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)資料,洛基內(nèi)部秘密英語(yǔ),技巧,策略

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