第一篇：英語四六級(jí)翻譯題型-中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗(含參考答案)

……這就是重五這一別稱的由來。端午節(jié)里流傳最廣的活動(dòng)是吃粽子、喝雄黃酒以及賽龍舟。其他常見的活動(dòng)還包括掛鐘馗像、寫符咒和佩戴香囊藥包。古代的人們認(rèn)為，所有這些活動(dòng)，連同喝雄黃酒，都能有效防病驅(qū)邪、促進(jìn)生活安康。

This is the origin of its alternative name, Double Fifth.Three of the most widespread activities for Duanwu Festival are eating zongzi, drinking realgar wine, and racing dragon boats.Other common activities include hanging up icons of Zhong Kui, writing spells and wearing perfumed medicine bags.All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine, were regarded by the ancients as effective in preventing disease and evil, and promoting health and well-being.蹴鞠是中國(guó)古代的一項(xiàng)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)。它是競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)，要把球踢進(jìn)網(wǎng)內(nèi)。該運(yùn)動(dòng)是為了訓(xùn)練士兵而發(fā)明的。在漢代，從軍隊(duì)到皇室，乃至貴族階層，蹴鞠很很盛行。由于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，蹴鞠在宋代甚至風(fēng)靡社會(huì)各階層。當(dāng)時(shí)，職業(yè)蹴鞠球員十分普遍。這些球員分為兩類：一類是由皇室訓(xùn)練并為皇室表演，而另一類則由靠蹴鞠謀生的平名百姓組成。

Cuju is an ancient Chinese ball name.It is a competitive game that involves kicking a ball through an opening into a net.The game was invented for military training purposes.During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes.Due to social and economic development, the sport even extended its popularity to every class in society during the Song Dynasty.At that time, professional Cuju played were quite popular.These players fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other consisted of civilians who made a living as Cuju players.故宮雄偉、壯麗，是中國(guó)古代古建筑藝術(shù)的巔峰之作，其規(guī)模和獨(dú)具特色的風(fēng)格享譽(yù)世界。故宮內(nèi)保存著大量珍貴。稀有的古物，它們對(duì)研究明、清兩代歷史和歷代藝術(shù)具有十分重要的意義。1925年故宮改名為故宮博物館，并成為世界上最大的博物館之一。新中國(guó)成立后，人民政府投入了大量資金對(duì)故宮進(jìn)行保護(hù)和維修。它現(xiàn)在是北京最受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)之一。

The Forbidden City, grand and magnificent, represents the highest peak of ancient Chinese architecture and enjoys worldwide fame for its scale and unique style.Preserved here are a large number of rare and precious antiques, which are of great significance to the study of Ming and Qing history and the arts of past dynasties.In 1925, the Forbidden City was renamed Palace Museum and became one of the largest museums in the world.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the national government has spent large sums on the protection and maintenance of the Forbidden City.At present it is one of the most popular tourism sites in Beijing.無論中國(guó)人走到哪里，都不會(huì)改掉喝茶的習(xí)慣。茶最先由中國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)，它是中國(guó)人生活中不可或缺的組成部分。有一句中國(guó)諺語將基本的日常必需品稱為柴米油煙醬醋茶。一千多年以來，飲茶的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)在中國(guó)人心中根深蒂固。唐朝時(shí)，一個(gè)名叫陸羽的人寫了世界上第一部關(guān)于茶的著作——《茶經(jīng)》，這部書有助于在中國(guó)推廣飲茶藝術(shù)。

Wherever the Chinese go, the custom of drinking tea follows.Tea was first discovered by the Chinese and it is an indispensable part of the life of the Chinese.A Chinese saying identifies the basic daily necessities as fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea.The custom of drinking tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years.In Tang Dynasty, a man named Lu Yu created the first compendium in the world on tea, Book of Tea.This work helped to popularize the art of tea drinking all across China.刺繡是一種具有悠久傳統(tǒng)的民間藝術(shù)，在中國(guó)藝術(shù)和手工藝品史上占有重要地位。刺繡的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展離不開蠶的飼養(yǎng)和紡絲技術(shù)的發(fā)展。中國(guó)是世界上第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)和使用絲綢的國(guó)家。早在5000年前，中國(guó)就已經(jīng)開始飼養(yǎng)蠶。絲絨和絲制品的生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)了刺繡藝術(shù)的誕生。時(shí)至今日，絲繡幾乎已經(jīng)傳遍整個(gè)中國(guó)。最好的繡品通常被認(rèn)為來源于下面四?。航K（尤其是蘇州）、湖南、四川和廣東，各省繡品各具特色。

Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of Chinese arts and crafts.It is, in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silk reeling and weaving.China is the first country in the world that discovered the use of silk.Silkworms were domesticated as early as 5000 years ago.The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery.Today, silk embroidery is practised nearly all over China.It is

generally agreed that the best commercial products come from four provinces: Jiangsu(notably Suzhou), Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong, each with its distinctive features.Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the world.Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture.The Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them.Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots-some heavy, and some light, and some deep, and some pale.In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit.Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by LuoGuanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800,000 words, 1,191 characters, and 120 chapters.孔子是一位思想家、政治家、教育家，也是中國(guó)儒學(xué)思想的創(chuàng)始人。儒學(xué)，這個(gè)道德和宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人的教學(xué)上。馮友蘭，中國(guó)思想史上20世紀(jì)偉大的權(quán)威之一，把孔子在中國(guó)歷史上的影響比作西方的蘇格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius’ influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)。據(jù)說早在五六千年前，中國(guó)就有了茶樹，而且有關(guān)茶樹的人類文明可以追溯到兩千年前。來自中國(guó)的茶和絲綢、瓷器一樣，在1000年前為世界所知，而且一直是中國(guó)重要的出口產(chǎn)品。目前世界上40多個(gè)國(guó)家種植茶，其中亞洲國(guó)家的產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的90%。其他國(guó)家的茶樹都直接或間接地起源于中國(guó)。

China is the homeland of tea.It is believed that China has tea shrubs as early as five to six thousand years.Tea from China, along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export.At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output.All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.中國(guó)扇子的歷史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝。第一種扇子叫做“扇汗”，是栓在馬車上用來擋住強(qiáng)烈的陽光，給乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有點(diǎn)像現(xiàn)在的雨傘。后來“扇汗”變成了由薄但是結(jié)實(shí)的絲綢或者鳥的羽毛做成的長(zhǎng)柄扇，稱為中山扇，它主要用于皇帝的儀仗裝飾。

The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3000 years ago, around the Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or bird’s feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honor guarded as decoration.公元220年開始的300年里，中國(guó)分成了三個(gè)小王國(guó)。一個(gè)是魏國(guó)，位于中國(guó)北部，由曹氏家族統(tǒng)治。還有一個(gè)王國(guó)叫做蜀漢，位于中國(guó)的西南部，由劉備統(tǒng)治。另外一個(gè)王國(guó)叫做吳國(guó)，位于中國(guó)的東南部，由孫權(quán)統(tǒng)治。中國(guó)文化里最偉大的書籍之一——《三國(guó)演義》就是關(guān)于這段時(shí)間的。For three hundred years starting in 220 AD, China was divided into three smaller kingdoms.One kingdom that lies in north was called Wei, and it was ruled by the Ts’ao family.The second kingdom was called Shu Han, and it was ruled by Liu Bei.It was in the south-west part of China.The third kingdom was called Wu, and it was ruled by Sun Ch’uan.Wu was in the south-east part of China.One of the great books of Chinese literature, the Romance of Three Kingdoms, is about this time.舞龍是中華文化中一種傳統(tǒng)的舞蹈表現(xiàn)形式。傳統(tǒng)上來講，其表演動(dòng)作象征著龍的歷史地位，顯示了力量與尊貴。舞龍起源于漢代。人們認(rèn)為它最初是作為耕作收成文化的一部分；同時(shí)也是一種治病防病的方法起源。舞龍?jiān)谒未咽至餍?，成為了一?xiàng)民間活動(dòng)，且最常見于各種節(jié)日慶典中。舞龍是世界各地唐人街舉辦春節(jié)慶典的一個(gè)重頭戲。

Dragon dance is a form of traditional performance in Chinese culture.The movements in the performance traditionally symbolize historical roles of dragons, demonstrating power and dignity.The dragon dance originated in the Han Dynasty.It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness, It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty when it had become a folk activity and was most often seen in various festival celebrations.The dragon dance is a highlight of Chinese New Year celebrations held worldwide in Chinatown around the world.中國(guó)以創(chuàng)造各種方式/方法來方便人類生活而廣為人知。在中國(guó)古代的發(fā)明中，四大發(fā)明不僅為中國(guó)的發(fā)展，還為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明分別是造紙術(shù)，印刷術(shù)，火藥和指南針。中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類文化作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，而且這也是中國(guó)作為世界文明大國(guó)的重要象征。

China is well known for its introduction of ways and means to help ease the life of mankind.Among the inventions of Ancient China, four

emerged as great contributions to the developments and changes not only to the country, but also to the world’s economy and culture.The Four Great Inventions of ancient China were papermaking, commercial printing, gunpowder, and the compass.China’s four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the world’s economy and the culture of mankind.They were also important symbols of China’s role as a great and world civilization.中國(guó)人喜歡在一起吃飯，這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到很久之前。這反映出中國(guó)人喜歡團(tuán)圓，不愿分離的觀念——圓桌，圓盤，圓碗都象征著團(tuán)圓和美滿。盤子通常放在桌子的中央，這樣坐在面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一鍋熱湯尤其可以增加和諧，團(tuán)圓的氣氛。朋友們也喜歡在一起吃飯，生活。最近一位美國(guó)漢學(xué)家的著作認(rèn)為，中國(guó)人的集體觀念就是從一同吃飯發(fā)展而來的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division_ round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，中國(guó)在自然界中尋求靈感和自知之明。因此，在中國(guó)園林中引發(fā)自然世界。由于城市土地一直昂貴，中國(guó)城市的園林相對(duì)都比較小，但是每一個(gè)中國(guó)園林都致力于巖石，植物，水看起來比它實(shí)際上要更好，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的園林設(shè)計(jì)師用巧妙的方式帶領(lǐng)游客從一個(gè)獨(dú)特的有歷史交到另一個(gè)有利視角。

For centuries, the Chinese have sought inspiration and self-knowledge in nature.Hence, the gardens in China evoke the natural world.Because land has always been expensive in cities, urban China gardens are relatively small, but the space of every Chinese garden devoted to rocks, plants and water seems much greater than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to another.在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭文化中，同一祖先的幾代后裔居住在一起，形成一個(gè)大家庭。這種自治家族制度是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的基本單位。中國(guó)的孩子們跟隨他們父親的姓。這和西方文化是一樣的。如今在中國(guó)，孩子跟父親的姓或母親的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因?yàn)榻Y(jié)婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人們的姓氏都是一樣的。

In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system.This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society.Chinese children follow their father’s family name.This is the same as western culture.Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother’s family name.Within each family system, of course people except those who jointed this family system through marriage all have the same family name.孫大圣是中國(guó)古典文學(xué)名著《西游記》中的一個(gè)主要的人物。他是唐僧第一個(gè)徒弟。其實(shí)在中國(guó)，他最受歡迎的名字不是“孫大圣”，而是“孫悟空”，這是教他72變的第一個(gè)師傅給他起的名字?！拔颉钡囊馑际恰皢⒌稀?。“空”的意思是“無”，這是佛學(xué)中最重要的一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)。在佛學(xué)中，人必須放棄欲望和所有對(duì)財(cái)富、名聲的渴望，以培養(yǎng)自己為佛。

Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpieces “Journey to the West”.He is the first disciple of Tang Monk.Actually in Chinese, his most popular name is not “Monkey King” but “Sun Wukong”, which was given by his first Master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities.“Wu” means enlightening.“Kong” means emptiness, which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism.In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments including the attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.中醫(yī)是世界醫(yī)學(xué)的遺產(chǎn)。中醫(yī)有比西方醫(yī)學(xué)更好的治病方法。因?yàn)橹嗅t(yī)的效果和醫(yī)治方式，在世界上中醫(yī)現(xiàn)在越來越流行了。中醫(yī)起源于古代，已經(jīng)發(fā)展了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，它收集了治療不同疾病的各種方法。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)講究人們身體系統(tǒng)的平衡。這是說，一旦人的身體系統(tǒng)平衡，疾病就會(huì)消失。身體系統(tǒng)的損害是疾病的根源。

Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones.China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people.Originated from the ancient time, the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness.The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people.It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear.The damage of the body system is the source of disease.

第二篇：四六級(jí)翻譯新題型

1、孔子（Confucius）是春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國(guó)人心目中的圣人?？鬃拥难哉摵蜕交顒?dòng)記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的《論語》（The Analects）一書中?！墩撜Z》是中國(guó)古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國(guó)歷史上，沒有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受《論語》的影響。不研究《論語》，就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。

2、大約在兩千多年前，中國(guó)就出現(xiàn)了蠟染（wax printing）。在中國(guó)服飾中，蠟染是一種流傳時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、流行范圍大、使用領(lǐng)域廣的服裝工藝。蠟染是在布匹著色的過程中，以蜂蠟（beeswax）作為防止染色的材料。蜂蠟干了之后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些裂紋，這些裂紋在染色過程中滲透進(jìn)靛藍(lán)色，于是形成了如冰花式樣的美妙紋理。這樣自然天成的紋理可以說是蠟染的靈魂所在。

3、景泰藍(lán)（cloisonné）是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，它集青銅藝術(shù)、瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧于一身，是一門地道的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人們居家使用的精美物品。這項(xiàng)工藝始創(chuàng)于明代景泰年間，初創(chuàng)時(shí)的顏色主要是藍(lán)色，故得名“景泰藍(lán)”。到了成化年間，景泰藍(lán)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步成熟，這個(gè)時(shí)期的作品沉穩(wěn)凝重又透明靈動(dòng)，而且銅胎也極為講究。

4、西塘在浙江嘉興，位于上海和杭州之間。這個(gè)占地規(guī)模并不大的古鎮(zhèn)有著悠久的歷史，它初建于春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吳國(guó)和越國(guó)的交界處。西塘的大致規(guī)模在宋代之前就已經(jīng)形成，今所見西塘著名的橋梁望仙橋（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遺跡。在明清時(shí)期，西塘既是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的魚米之鄉(xiāng)，又是著名的絲綢制造之地，還以制陶業(yè)（ceramics）而享譽(yù)全國(guó)。

5、秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中國(guó)漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作迅速有力。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過跳舞來保持健康，同時(shí)他們也樂在其中。

6、中國(guó)的青銅器時(shí)代（Bronze Age）從夏開始，經(jīng)歷商、西周到春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時(shí)間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國(guó)創(chuàng)造了燦爛的青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。今藏于中國(guó)歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國(guó)青銅器時(shí)代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時(shí)期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。

7、1911 年，中國(guó)爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的最后一個(gè)朝代——清朝，廢除了中國(guó)延續(xù)了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中國(guó)的第一個(gè)民主共和國(guó)——中華民國(guó)。民國(guó)政府成立以后，要求全國(guó)人民都剪掉頭上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國(guó)延續(xù)了280 多年的辮子法令終于被解除。

8、出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)五代時(shí)期的婦女纏足（foot-binding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采用的一種行為，但由于有人認(rèn)為腳裹起來更好看，所有很多人就開始效仿起來。到了宋代，封建社會(huì)的綱常思想非常嚴(yán)重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專門為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

9、據(jù)中國(guó)古代史書記載，治水有功的大禹通過禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國(guó)王，建立了中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)奴隸制國(guó)家——夏。從此，王位實(shí)行世襲制度，中國(guó)社會(huì)從此步入階級(jí)社會(huì)。夏代處在中國(guó)社會(huì)從原始社會(huì)向奴隸社會(huì)過渡的時(shí)期，社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面依然保存著原始社會(huì)的種種痕跡。

10、北京烤鴨是自封建帝王時(shí)代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的一道國(guó)菜。這道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及廚師們?cè)诳腿嗣媲捌喿拥恼鎸?shí)情形而著稱。專門用于制作烤鴨的鴨子在養(yǎng)殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鴨子在烤制前要先用調(diào)料腌制（season），然后才送進(jìn)燜爐或者掛爐。鴨肉通常配上蔥（scallion）、黃瓜和甜面醬，用薄餅卷著食用。

【漢譯英 7】敲擊鍵盤的聲音也許是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的一種白色噪音，但其實(shí)，他們所透露出的信息比疏忽的打字者意識(shí)到的要更多。通過簡(jiǎn)單分析擊鍵聲音的錄音，計(jì)算機(jī)專家們現(xiàn)在就能夠準(zhǔn)確無誤的解析出一篇通過鍵盤輸入的文字的腳本，甚至包括輸入的密碼。與其他計(jì)算機(jī)比起來，這個(gè)過程簡(jiǎn)單很多，僅僅需要一個(gè)便宜的麥克風(fēng)和一臺(tái)電腦。

【漢譯英 8】人類之間為了鉆石而相互殘殺；國(guó)家之間為了石油而發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但如果沒有水，這世界上最珍貴的東西將一文不值。淡水是維持生命的必需品，無可替代。水，盡管幾乎無法估價(jià)，卻是世界上最貴重的東西。自然規(guī)律決定了水的供給是有限的。但隨著世界人口的增加和生活水平的提高，人類對(duì)水的需求量增加的趨勢(shì)是不可避免的。家庭、工廠和辦公場(chǎng)所正在消耗越來越多的水，但是這個(gè)星球?qū)τ谑澄铮ê蜕a(chǎn)莊家和肉類過程中使用的水）日益增長(zhǎng)的需求才是最憂心的問題。

【漢譯英 5】隨著中國(guó)日益成為韓國(guó)的重要貿(mào)易伙伴，兩國(guó)的聯(lián)系從外交和貿(mào)易延伸到了教育領(lǐng)域。中國(guó)是韓國(guó)最大的出口目的地，吸收了韓國(guó)約四分之一的出口產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)也吸引了韓國(guó)超過四分之一的留學(xué)生。雖然在美國(guó)留學(xué)的好處之一是可以練習(xí)英語（對(duì)找工作的人來說英語依然是最重要的語言），但韓國(guó)雇主對(duì)有中國(guó)經(jīng)歷的畢業(yè)生的需求越來越大。比如三星集團(tuán)兩年前說，具有中文語言能力的求職者會(huì)得到額外的加分。

【漢譯英 6】他們毒害年輕人的心靈，腐化年輕人的靈魂。正是它們，讓年輕人坐在沙發(fā)上虛度時(shí)光，沉浸于危險(xiǎn)重重的幻想世界。18世紀(jì)的批評(píng)家們對(duì)于新媒體對(duì)年輕人的沖擊感到憂心忡忡，他們向小說提出了如此的控訴。時(shí)至今日，小說害人的說法聽起來已是如此的荒謬。對(duì)于當(dāng)今時(shí)代那些控訴電視游戲使年輕人變成暴力罪犯的批評(píng)者們，歷史最終也將對(duì)他們做出同樣的審判。

【漢譯英3】我整整一生都處于對(duì)武術(shù)的癡迷之中。但是當(dāng)我搬到一個(gè)有功夫俱樂部的城市時(shí)，我才真正體會(huì)到了武術(shù)的魅力，同時(shí)也完全理解了為什么人們稱它為一種藝術(shù)。它是一種戰(zhàn)斗同時(shí)也是在進(jìn)行一種自我防衛(wèi)，這其實(shí)也達(dá)到了讓你更加了解自己的身體，從而使它變得更加強(qiáng)壯和健康的目的。功夫是一門完整的哲學(xué)，而且是中國(guó)文化的重要組成部分。當(dāng)我開始練習(xí)功夫的時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到它有多么地困難，哪怕是簡(jiǎn)單的一踢或者一打就需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間去練習(xí)。但是我太愛它了！一個(gè)全新的世界正向我敞開它的大門。

【漢譯英4】來自利物浦大學(xué)的科學(xué)家、心理學(xué)家和英文教授發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀莎士比亞及其他古典作家的作品對(duì)心智發(fā)展大有裨益。這些作品能夠抓住讀者的注意力，引發(fā)讀者的自我反思。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀書籍，尤其是詩歌，可以增加與“自傳體記憶”有關(guān)的大腦右半球的活動(dòng)頻率，有助于讀者根據(jù)閱讀內(nèi)容對(duì)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行反思和重新評(píng)價(jià)。學(xué)者們表示，這意味著閱讀古典作品比閱讀自助類書籍更有幫助。

【漢譯英1】波士頓咨詢公司最近做的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，到2020年中國(guó)將會(huì)有2.2億家庭收入在2萬到100萬美元的富裕消費(fèi)者。這些消費(fèi)者中75%住在“較小城市”。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展，較小城市的消費(fèi)者的一種必然趨勢(shì)是他們更加依賴社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)上的信息。很多網(wǎng)絡(luò)顧客都是通過微信、微博和QQ空間分組的。據(jù)估計(jì)今年中國(guó)將會(huì)有2.5億消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行網(wǎng)購(gòu)，位于四線城市的消費(fèi)者平均每人會(huì)花費(fèi)他們50%或者更高的工資在網(wǎng)購(gòu)上，這一數(shù)據(jù)要比一線城市的消費(fèi)者的花費(fèi)高。

【漢譯英2】聘金是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的一部分。這一習(xí)慣在整個(gè)中國(guó)都很普遍。但是近幾年來其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷上升，致使大多數(shù)家庭都很難達(dá)到。高額的聘禮常常“搶劫”了新郎父母必生的積蓄，甚至引起家庭糾紛。此外，許多新婚夫婦被迫舉行奢侈的婚禮宴會(huì)，在這個(gè)過程中，大量債務(wù)的累積可能使他們的新婚生活變得辛酸，至少在最初階段是這樣。想想老一輩節(jié)儉的婚禮，雖然簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單，但也幸福美滿，沒有給他們婚后的生活帶來任何負(fù)擔(dān)。

第三篇：英語四六級(jí)翻譯

2、長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!People often say, “He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.3、改革開放30 年來，隨著中國(guó)逐漸崛起成為政治

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice in learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines and martial arts.// They are also interested in Kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, an ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

11、中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱為春節(jié)

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives an12、要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860.Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas.In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles;the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect;and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.

第四篇：(教師版)英語四六級(jí)翻譯

1.中國(guó)書法是一種古老的中國(guó)書寫藝術(shù)。任何關(guān)于中國(guó)文化的出版物都不會(huì)不提及漢字和中國(guó)書法。對(duì)于外國(guó)人來說，學(xué)漢字難，學(xué)中國(guó)書法更難。文房四寶指的是筆、墨、紙、硯。我們的祖先極其崇尚讀書寫字。這體現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的不少諺語中，如“讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神”，“腹有詩書氣自華”，還有“讀書千遍其義自見”。漢語中還有上千種方式描述書法作品，如“龍飛鳳舞”，“圓潤(rùn)流暢”，“清和淡雅”等，不乏溢美之詞。中國(guó)書法是一種神圣的藝術(shù)，一個(gè)珍貴的禮物。

Chinese calligraphy is an ancient art of Chinese handwriting.No publication on Chinese culture would ever omit mention of Chinese characters and calligraphy.For foreigners, Chinese characters are hard to master, and calligraphy is even more difficult.The Four Treasures of Study(文房四寶)refer to the four writing tools: 筆writing brush, 墨ink stick, 紙rice paper and 硯ink slab.Chinese forefathers held reading and writing in high esteem.This is echoed in several sayings in China.They include 讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神---If you read ten thousand books, you will write articles as excellent as if with help from the God;腹有詩書氣自華---Reading makes a person graceful;and 讀書千遍其義自見---After reading a book a thousand times the meaning reveals itself.In China, there are thousands of ways to describe calligraphic works, such as 龍飛鳳舞 lively and vigorous, 圓潤(rùn)流暢smooth and fluent, and 清和淡雅gentle and graceful.There is no lack of Chinese expressions complimenting such works.Chinese calligraphy is a sacred art, and can be a treasured gift.2、長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒去過長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!People often say, “He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.3、改革開放30 年來，隨著中國(guó)逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)語言和中國(guó)文化的首選之地。// 通過學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他們對(duì)這個(gè)和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機(jī)會(huì)了解中國(guó)的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗(yàn)這個(gè)文明古國(guó)的風(fēng)采。// 作為第二文化，中國(guó)文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀?？梢哉f，這個(gè)潮流方興未艾。越來越多的學(xué)習(xí)漢語的美國(guó)人除了對(duì)中國(guó)菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術(shù)。//他們也看功夫電影，學(xué)習(xí)東方時(shí)裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺的在日常生活中談及中國(guó)的點(diǎn)心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國(guó)最熱門的中國(guó)文化是道家學(xué)說和有著神秘色彩的風(fēng)水學(xué)。

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice in learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines and martial arts.// They are also interested in Kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, an ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

4、對(duì)龍圖騰的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.5、獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.6、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國(guó)的“新四大國(guó)粹”。

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In

accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu(otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

7、中國(guó)功夫即中國(guó)武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國(guó)武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in combat.The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit).Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.8、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡(jiǎn)單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國(guó)古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方”，源于古人“天圓地方”的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---”(the horizontal stroke)“│”(the vertical stroke), “／”(the left-falling stroke), “＼”(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).9、中國(guó)成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語?！俺烧Z”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國(guó)成語由四個(gè)漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.An

idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example, ziqiangbuxi(make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa(success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extracted from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.10、中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中華文化不可分割的一部分，為振興華夏做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。如今，中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)(western medicine)在中國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域并駕齊驅(qū)。中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式 和豐富的典籍材料，備受世界矚目。在定義上，中醫(yī)是指導(dǎo)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥理論和實(shí)踐的一種醫(yī)學(xué)，它包括中醫(yī)療法、中草藥(herbalogy)、針 灸(acupuncture)、推拿(massage)和氣功(Qigong)。

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is an integral part of Chinese culture.It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China.TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community.TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine.It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.難點(diǎn)精析：

1.不可分割的一部分：可譯為an integral part。

2.為振興華夏做出了巨大的賁獻(xiàn)：可譯為has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“華夏”： 即“中國(guó)”或“中華”，可直接譯為China;“振興”此處翻譯成了名詞形式prosperity,還可譯為revitalization;“做出了 巨大的貢獻(xiàn)”可譯為 has made great contributions。

3.并駕齊驅(qū)：此處指兩者(中醫(yī)和西醫(yī))都得以應(yīng)用，可簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯為both are being used。

4.獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料：三個(gè)并列的名詞短語，可分別譯為unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials;“典籍材料”可理解為歷史文獻(xiàn)資料，翻譯為historical literature and materials.5.中醫(yī)療法：譯為Chinese medication。

11、中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開始一直延續(xù)到元宵 節(jié)(the Lantern Festival)，即從農(nóng)歷(lunar calendar)最后一個(gè)月的最后一天至新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡 度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家 家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)(couplets)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他 的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探親訪友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration

of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.難點(diǎn)精析：

1.慶?；顒?dòng)：譯為celebrations即可，考生要注意，不要看到“慶祝活動(dòng)”就想在celebration的后面加上： ? activities。

2.有很大差異：譯為?vary widely,此句還可以翻譯為?are rather different。3.驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)：譯為sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck，此處的“驅(qū)”如果考生無法譯出： : sweep away，也可以用簡(jiǎn)單的get rid of來表達(dá)。4.大掃除：譯為thoroughly clean the house。

5.放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包：譯為 lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes。放鞭炮還可以用 set off ' I firecrackers或 fire firecrackers來表達(dá)。

12、要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表 性的劇種。作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ) 上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂器。由于京劇是在融 合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860.Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas.In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles;the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect;and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點(diǎn)精析

1.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒有給出明確的主語，因而在翻譯時(shí)要注意：增譯主語you。“中國(guó)的戲曲文化”可譯為the Chinese opera culture。2.中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時(shí)可以采用非限定性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。

3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在??的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the basis of...會(huì)稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯為originate from...?！暗胤綉颉笨梢灾弊g為local opera。

4.念白：“念白”指的是中國(guó)戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對(duì)話，因而此處在翻譯時(shí)可將其靈活譯為the spoken parts。

5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中并沒有直接對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá)，因而可以采用漢語拼音表示。

6.它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛：“不僅 也 ”常用not only…, but also…來表達(dá)。此處句中的“鐘愛”和“喜愛”同義，在翻譯后半部分內(nèi)容時(shí)可以將與前半部分重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略，故該部分內(nèi)容可譯為：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。

第五篇：四六級(jí)翻譯

四六級(jí)翻譯

1.中國(guó)酒文化

Chinese wine culture

中國(guó)人在7000年以前就開始用谷物釀酒?？偟膩碚f，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國(guó)文化息息相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)久以來，中國(guó)的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫詩時(shí)以酒助興，在宴會(huì)中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會(huì)，送別晚宴，婚禮慶典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in china in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their 中國(guó)酒文化

Chinese wine culture

中國(guó)人在7000年以前就開始用谷物釀酒?？偟膩碚f，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國(guó)文化息息相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)久以來，中國(guó)的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫詩時(shí)以酒助興，在宴會(huì)中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會(huì)，送別晚宴，婚禮慶典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in china in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture ,as a kind of culture form ,is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party ,farewell dinner ,wedding,etc.relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture ,as a kind of culture form ,is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party ,farewell dinner ,wedding,etc.2.中國(guó)書法

Chinese Calligraphy

中國(guó)書法歷史悠久，它不僅是漢字的傳統(tǒng)書寫形式，也是體現(xiàn)自我修養(yǎng)和自我表達(dá)的藝術(shù)。作者的內(nèi)心通過美妙的字體得以體現(xiàn)。書法在中國(guó)藝術(shù)中擁有舉足輕重的地位，因?yàn)樗绊懙搅似渌闹袊?guó)藝術(shù)形式，比如古典詩歌，雕塑，傳統(tǒng)音樂及舞蹈，建筑及手工藝品。作為傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)瑰寶，中國(guó)書法被全世界人民所喜愛，且越來越受到歡迎。

Characters Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history ,but also an art of self-expression.Inner world of the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art ,for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry ,sculpture ,traditional music and dance ,architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture,Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3.中國(guó)山水畫

Landscape Painting

山水畫一直以來都被譽(yù)為中國(guó)繪畫的最高境界。它品位高端，很受歡迎。一般意義上，中國(guó)山水畫被認(rèn)為是書法，繪畫及詩歌的結(jié)合或延伸。漢語“山水”這個(gè)詞是由“山”和“水”兩個(gè)漢字組成，且與道教的哲學(xué)思想相聯(lián)系，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人與自然的和諧。中國(guó)畫家描繪的不總是真實(shí)的世界，他們呈現(xiàn)出來的是自己想象出來的風(fēng)景，這些風(fēng)景不再只是對(duì)眼前世界的描繪，而是畫家內(nèi)在思想的寫照。因此，人們認(rèn)為欣賞山水畫除了可以很好地了解畫家的內(nèi)心世界之外，還可以凈化自己的靈魂。

Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy ,painting ,and poetry.The Chinese term for “l(fā)andscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism ,which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4.中國(guó)戲曲

Chinese Opera

在中國(guó)，戲曲是一種很流行的戲劇形式，一般來說，可以追溯到唐朝時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)的皇帝唐玄宗創(chuàng)立了“梨園”。如今，許多外國(guó)人也很喜歡中國(guó)的戲曲。最吸引他們的則是獨(dú)有風(fēng)格-臉譜，它不僅是戲曲中的一大亮點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還要求獨(dú)特的繪畫技藝。每個(gè)演員臉上夸張的扮相代表其扮演的角色的性格和命運(yùn)。熟知戲曲的觀眾通過觀察演員的臉譜和服裝就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常紅色臉譜代表忠誠(chéng)與勇敢；黑色代表兇猛；黃色和白色代表口是心非；金色和銀色代表神秘。對(duì)于中國(guó)人，特別是老年人，欣賞戲曲是他們的一大樂趣。

Chinese Opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general ,it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor XuanZhong ,who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive designs are painted on each performer’s face to symbolize a character’s personality,and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally,a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face ,rough;yellow and white faces,duplicity;and golden and silver faces,mystery.For Chinese,especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5.京劇

Peking Opera

京劇是中國(guó)的一種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。它是中國(guó)戲曲的一種，誕生于1790年四大徽班（Four Great Anhui Troupes）入京表演的時(shí)候。19世紀(jì)中期得到快速發(fā)展，到清朝達(dá)到全盛階段。京劇被看成是中國(guó)的文化瑰寶之一。雖然它被稱為京劇，但是它的發(fā)源地卻是中國(guó)的安徽省和湖北省。京劇起初是宮廷表演藝術(shù)，而后才慢慢普及到民間。在數(shù)百年前，京劇作為一種新的戲曲形式，無論在哪進(jìn)行表演，都飽受歡迎。而在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，包括京劇在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)戲曲卻不大能被年輕人接受，面臨著巨大的生存危機(jī)。

Peking opera is a traditional art in china.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790,arose in the mod-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera,its originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago,as a new drama form,wherever it was performed,it would be warmly welcomed.Unfortunately,in the modern world,traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis,because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6.昆曲 Kunqu Opera

昆曲是中國(guó)古老戲曲中的一種，起源于江蘇昆山，擁有600多年的歷史。它是連接過去與現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)與世界的紐帶，對(duì)現(xiàn)今中國(guó)的戲曲形式，包括川劇與京劇在內(nèi)，都產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。昆曲蘊(yùn)育了各種意象美，從音樂，舞蹈到詩歌，人們的精神世界甚至中國(guó)人的靈魂，都有所體現(xiàn)。正因?yàn)槿绱耍デ谶^去廣受歡迎，也成了中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)中最珍貴的部分。但是現(xiàn)在，昆曲不僅面臨著來自大眾流行文化的挑戰(zhàn)，而且年輕人也對(duì)其缺乏興趣。只有進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)，昆曲才能擁有美好的未來。

Kunqu Opera,which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province,is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present,China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China,including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty,from music and dance,to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation,so that Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7.唐詩 Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中國(guó)古典詩歌的鼎盛時(shí)期，在不到300年的時(shí)間里，涌現(xiàn)出了許多著名的詩人和詩作。清朝時(shí)編輯的《全唐詩》（Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收錄2200多位詩人創(chuàng)作的48900多首詩歌。這些詩歌讓人們深入了解到當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面。中國(guó)人很喜歡唐詩，就連小孩子也能背出幾首，如李白的《靜夜思》（Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐詩不僅是中國(guó)古代文學(xué)史上最光輝的一頁，而且也是人類文化史中的一個(gè)奇跡。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry,with many renowned poets and famous woeks appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Pomes of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48900 poems written by over 2200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very foud of Tang poetry ,and even children can recite some from memory,such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai,Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu ,etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature,but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8.中國(guó)武術(shù) Chinese Martial Arts/Kunfu

中國(guó)武術(shù)擁有悠久的歷史，在中國(guó)廣為流行。受中國(guó)古典美學(xué)所提倡的剛?cè)岵?jì)的影響，中國(guó)武術(shù)形成了自己的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。現(xiàn)在很多人習(xí)武是為了健康，娛樂和競(jìng)技。為了更好地傳承這一古老的技藝，全國(guó)各地開設(shè)有很多的武術(shù)俱樂部和協(xié)會(huì)。自1980年起，一大批的武術(shù)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生被分配到學(xué)校里教授武術(shù)?，F(xiàn)在很多專家通過將搏斗技巧和健康結(jié)合到一起，試著將武術(shù)變?yōu)橐豁?xiàng)科學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。他們希望有一天，武術(shù)可以作為一項(xiàng)賽事納入奧運(yùn)會(huì)中。

Chinese martial arts enjoy a long history and great popularity in China.Influenced by ancient Chinese aesthetics which advocated a balance between hardness and softness,Chinese martial arts have formed their own aesthetic standards.Today,many people practice it to pursue heath,entertainment and competition.In order to inherit the ancient art,many martial arts clubs and associations have been established across China.Since 1980,a large number of graduates majoring in martial arts have been assigned to teach martial arts into a scientific sport by combining fighting skills with heath.They hope that one day martial arts will become a sport event at the Olympic Games.9.長(zhǎng)城

The Great Wall

長(zhǎng)城，作為中國(guó)的象征之一，不僅是中國(guó)的奇跡，也是整個(gè)世界的奇跡。它始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后，連結(jié)了各段長(zhǎng)城以抵御外敵入侵。先純的長(zhǎng)城遺跡主要為建于14世紀(jì)的明長(zhǎng)城。長(zhǎng)城有著兩千多年的歷史，于1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。現(xiàn)如今，長(zhǎng)城仍是世界上最受歡迎的景點(diǎn)之一。

As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China,the first Emperor of Qing linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century,called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2000 years,the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now,the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10.故宮

The Imperial Palace

故宮又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面積72萬平方米。它擁有眾多的庭院，四面有高墻和護(hù)城河保護(hù)。明清兩代的皇帝和他們的家眷以及數(shù)百名宮女，太監(jiān)曾在這里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能進(jìn)入。在924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宮后，故宮與1925年變成了故宮博物院并對(duì)外開放。

Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing,the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City,covers an area of 72000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and amoat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties,the Ming and the Qing,lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty,which was been open tothe public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.