第一篇：四六級(jí)中國(guó)文化翻譯

1.長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看埃菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。”實(shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that was created by human beings.If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without paying a visit to the Pyramids.As it is often quoted by people, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.2.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種。作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工。在念白上用北京方言；在音樂(lè)上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂(lè)器。由于京劇是在融合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛(ài)，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and 1860.Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas.In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles.The spoken parts are in Beijing dialect;and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點(diǎn)精析：

1.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒(méi)有給出明確的主語(yǔ)，因而在翻譯時(shí)要注意：增譯主語(yǔ)you?！爸袊?guó)的戲曲文化”可譯為the Chinese opera culture。

2.中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時(shí)可以采用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在??的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the I basis of...會(huì)稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯為originate from...?！暗胤綉颉笨梢灾弊g為local opera。4.念白：“念白”指的是中國(guó)戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對(duì)話，因而此處在翻譯時(shí)可將其靈活譯為the spoken parts。

5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中并沒(méi)有直接對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá)，因而可以采用漢語(yǔ)拼音表示。

6.“the cream of…”: …的精華；…的精英

第二篇：四六級(jí)翻譯

四六級(jí)翻譯

1.中國(guó)酒文化

Chinese wine culture

中國(guó)人在7000年以前就開(kāi)始用谷物釀酒?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國(guó)文化息息相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，中國(guó)的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫(xiě)詩(shī)時(shí)以酒助興，在宴會(huì)中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會(huì)，送別晚宴，婚禮慶典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in china in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their 中國(guó)酒文化

Chinese wine culture

中國(guó)人在7000年以前就開(kāi)始用谷物釀酒?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國(guó)文化息息相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，中國(guó)的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫(xiě)詩(shī)時(shí)以酒助興，在宴會(huì)中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會(huì)，送別晚宴，婚禮慶典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in china in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture ,as a kind of culture form ,is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party ,farewell dinner ,wedding,etc.relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture ,as a kind of culture form ,is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party ,farewell dinner ,wedding,etc.2.中國(guó)書(shū)法

Chinese Calligraphy

中國(guó)書(shū)法歷史悠久，它不僅是漢字的傳統(tǒng)書(shū)寫(xiě)形式，也是體現(xiàn)自我修養(yǎng)和自我表達(dá)的藝術(shù)。作者的內(nèi)心通過(guò)美妙的字體得以體現(xiàn)。書(shū)法在中國(guó)藝術(shù)中擁有舉足輕重的地位，因?yàn)樗绊懙搅似渌闹袊?guó)藝術(shù)形式，比如古典詩(shī)歌，雕塑，傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)及舞蹈，建筑及手工藝品。作為傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)瑰寶，中國(guó)書(shū)法被全世界人民所喜愛(ài)，且越來(lái)越受到歡迎。

Characters Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history ,but also an art of self-expression.Inner world of the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art ,for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry ,sculpture ,traditional music and dance ,architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture,Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3.中國(guó)山水畫(huà)

Landscape Painting

山水畫(huà)一直以來(lái)都被譽(yù)為中國(guó)繪畫(huà)的最高境界。它品位高端，很受歡迎。一般意義上，中國(guó)山水畫(huà)被認(rèn)為是書(shū)法，繪畫(huà)及詩(shī)歌的結(jié)合或延伸。漢語(yǔ)“山水”這個(gè)詞是由“山”和“水”兩個(gè)漢字組成，且與道教的哲學(xué)思想相聯(lián)系，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人與自然的和諧。中國(guó)畫(huà)家描繪的不總是真實(shí)的世界，他們呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的是自己想象出來(lái)的風(fēng)景，這些風(fēng)景不再只是對(duì)眼前世界的描繪，而是畫(huà)家內(nèi)在思想的寫(xiě)照。因此，人們認(rèn)為欣賞山水畫(huà)除了可以很好地了解畫(huà)家的內(nèi)心世界之外，還可以凈化自己的靈魂。

Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy ,painting ,and poetry.The Chinese term for “l(fā)andscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism ,which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4.中國(guó)戲曲

Chinese Opera

在中國(guó)，戲曲是一種很流行的戲劇形式，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，可以追溯到唐朝時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)的皇帝唐玄宗創(chuàng)立了“梨園”。如今，許多外國(guó)人也很喜歡中國(guó)的戲曲。最吸引他們的則是獨(dú)有風(fēng)格-臉譜，它不僅是戲曲中的一大亮點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還要求獨(dú)特的繪畫(huà)技藝。每個(gè)演員臉上夸張的扮相代表其扮演的角色的性格和命運(yùn)。熟知戲曲的觀眾通過(guò)觀察演員的臉譜和服裝就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常紅色臉譜代表忠誠(chéng)與勇敢；黑色代表兇猛；黃色和白色代表口是心非；金色和銀色代表神秘。對(duì)于中國(guó)人，特別是老年人，欣賞戲曲是他們的一大樂(lè)趣。

Chinese Opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general ,it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor XuanZhong ,who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive designs are painted on each performer’s face to symbolize a character’s personality,and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally,a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face ,rough;yellow and white faces,duplicity;and golden and silver faces,mystery.For Chinese,especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5.京劇

Peking Opera

京劇是中國(guó)的一種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。它是中國(guó)戲曲的一種，誕生于1790年四大徽班（Four Great Anhui Troupes）入京表演的時(shí)候。19世紀(jì)中期得到快速發(fā)展，到清朝達(dá)到全盛階段。京劇被看成是中國(guó)的文化瑰寶之一。雖然它被稱為京劇，但是它的發(fā)源地卻是中國(guó)的安徽省和湖北省。京劇起初是宮廷表演藝術(shù)，而后才慢慢普及到民間。在數(shù)百年前，京劇作為一種新的戲曲形式，無(wú)論在哪進(jìn)行表演，都飽受歡迎。而在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，包括京劇在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)戲曲卻不大能被年輕人接受，面臨著巨大的生存危機(jī)。

Peking opera is a traditional art in china.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790,arose in the mod-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera,its originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago,as a new drama form,wherever it was performed,it would be warmly welcomed.Unfortunately,in the modern world,traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis,because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6.昆曲 Kunqu Opera

昆曲是中國(guó)古老戲曲中的一種，起源于江蘇昆山，擁有600多年的歷史。它是連接過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)與世界的紐帶，對(duì)現(xiàn)今中國(guó)的戲曲形式，包括川劇與京劇在內(nèi)，都產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。昆曲蘊(yùn)育了各種意象美，從音樂(lè)，舞蹈到詩(shī)歌，人們的精神世界甚至中國(guó)人的靈魂，都有所體現(xiàn)。正因?yàn)槿绱耍デ谶^(guò)去廣受歡迎，也成了中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)中最珍貴的部分。但是現(xiàn)在，昆曲不僅面臨著來(lái)自大眾流行文化的挑戰(zhàn)，而且年輕人也對(duì)其缺乏興趣。只有進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)，昆曲才能擁有美好的未來(lái)。

Kunqu Opera,which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province,is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present,China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China,including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty,from music and dance,to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation,so that Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7.唐詩(shī) Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌的鼎盛時(shí)期，在不到300年的時(shí)間里，涌現(xiàn)出了許多著名的詩(shī)人和詩(shī)作。清朝時(shí)編輯的《全唐詩(shī)》（Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收錄2200多位詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作的48900多首詩(shī)歌。這些詩(shī)歌讓人們深入了解到當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面。中國(guó)人很喜歡唐詩(shī)，就連小孩子也能背出幾首，如李白的《靜夜思》（Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐詩(shī)不僅是中國(guó)古代文學(xué)史上最光輝的一頁(yè)，而且也是人類文化史中的一個(gè)奇跡。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry,with many renowned poets and famous woeks appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Pomes of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48900 poems written by over 2200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very foud of Tang poetry ,and even children can recite some from memory,such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai,Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu ,etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature,but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8.中國(guó)武術(shù) Chinese Martial Arts/Kunfu

中國(guó)武術(shù)擁有悠久的歷史，在中國(guó)廣為流行。受中國(guó)古典美學(xué)所提倡的剛?cè)岵?jì)的影響，中國(guó)武術(shù)形成了自己的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。現(xiàn)在很多人習(xí)武是為了健康，娛樂(lè)和競(jìng)技。為了更好地傳承這一古老的技藝，全國(guó)各地開(kāi)設(shè)有很多的武術(shù)俱樂(lè)部和協(xié)會(huì)。自1980年起，一大批的武術(shù)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生被分配到學(xué)校里教授武術(shù)?，F(xiàn)在很多專家通過(guò)將搏斗技巧和健康結(jié)合到一起，試著將武術(shù)變?yōu)橐豁?xiàng)科學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。他們希望有一天，武術(shù)可以作為一項(xiàng)賽事納入奧運(yùn)會(huì)中。

Chinese martial arts enjoy a long history and great popularity in China.Influenced by ancient Chinese aesthetics which advocated a balance between hardness and softness,Chinese martial arts have formed their own aesthetic standards.Today,many people practice it to pursue heath,entertainment and competition.In order to inherit the ancient art,many martial arts clubs and associations have been established across China.Since 1980,a large number of graduates majoring in martial arts have been assigned to teach martial arts into a scientific sport by combining fighting skills with heath.They hope that one day martial arts will become a sport event at the Olympic Games.9.長(zhǎng)城

The Great Wall

長(zhǎng)城，作為中國(guó)的象征之一，不僅是中國(guó)的奇跡，也是整個(gè)世界的奇跡。它始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后，連結(jié)了各段長(zhǎng)城以抵御外敵入侵。先純的長(zhǎng)城遺跡主要為建于14世紀(jì)的明長(zhǎng)城。長(zhǎng)城有著兩千多年的歷史，于1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。現(xiàn)如今，長(zhǎng)城仍是世界上最受歡迎的景點(diǎn)之一。

As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China,the first Emperor of Qing linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century,called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2000 years,the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now,the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10.故宮

The Imperial Palace

故宮又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面積72萬(wàn)平方米。它擁有眾多的庭院，四面有高墻和護(hù)城河保護(hù)。明清兩代的皇帝和他們的家眷以及數(shù)百名宮女，太監(jiān)曾在這里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能進(jìn)入。在924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宮后，故宮與1925年變成了故宮博物院并對(duì)外開(kāi)放。

Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing,the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City,covers an area of 72000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and amoat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties,the Ming and the Qing,lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty,which was been open tothe public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯

2、長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!People often say, “He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.3、改革開(kāi)放30 年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)逐漸崛起成為政治

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice in learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines and martial arts.// They are also interested in Kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, an ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

11、中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱為春節(jié)

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives an12、要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860.Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas.In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles;the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect;and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.

第四篇：翻譯詞組 中國(guó)文化

中國(guó)文化關(guān)鍵詞 一、四大發(fā)明（the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China）

1、火藥

gunpowder

2、印刷術(shù) printing

3、造紙術(shù) paper-making

4、指南針 compass

二、中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)家（Ancient Chinese Philosophers）

1、孔子

Confucius

2、孟子

Mencius

3、老子

Lao Tzu

4、莊子

Chuang Tzu

5、墨子

Mo Tzu

6、孫子

Sun Tzu 三、四書(shū)（the Four Books）

1、《大學(xué)》the Great Learning

2、《中庸》the Doctrine of the Mean

3、《論語(yǔ)》the Analects of Confucius

4、《孟子》the Mencius

四、書(shū)法五大書(shū)體（the Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy）

1、篆書(shū)

seal script;seal character

2、隸書(shū)

official script;clerical script

3、行書(shū)

running script;semi-cursive script

4、草書(shū)

cursive script

5、楷書(shū)

regular script;standard script 五、六藝（the Six Classical Arts）

1、禮

rites

2、樂(lè)

music

3、射

archery

4、御

riding

5、書(shū)

writing

6、數(shù)

arithmetic

六、漢字（Chinese Characters）

1、漢字筆畫(huà)

stroke

2、偏旁部首

radical

3、書(shū)寫(xiě)體系

writing system

4、漢藏語(yǔ)系

Sino-Tibetan

5、漢學(xué)家

Sinologist;Sinologue

6、中國(guó)熱

Sinomania

7、同宗同源

of the same origin

8、華夏祖先

the Chinese Ancestors

9、單音節(jié)

single syllable

10、聲調(diào)

tone

11、陰平、陽(yáng)平、上聲、去聲

level tone, rising tone, falling-rising tone, falling tone

12、象形文字 pictographic characters;pictogram

13、文房四寶(筆墨紙觀)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)

七、武術(shù)（the Martial Arts）

1、中國(guó)武術(shù)

kung fu

2、武術(shù)門派

schools of martial arts

3、習(xí)武健身

practice martial arts for fitness

4、古代格斗術(shù) ancient form of combat

5、中國(guó)武術(shù)協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Martial Arts Association

6、武林高手

top martial artist

7、氣功

Qigong;deep breathing exercises

8、柔道

judo

9、跆拳道

tae kwon do

10、空手道

karate

11、拳擊

boxing

12、摔跤

wrestling

13、擊劍

fencing

14、武俠小說(shuō)

tales of roving knights;kung fu novels

15、古裝片 costume drama

16、武打片 Chinese swordplay movie

17、太極Tai Chi

八、中國(guó)文學(xué)作品（Chinese Literary Works）

1、《三國(guó)演義》Three Kingdoms

2、《西游記》

Journey to the West

3、《紅樓夢(mèng)》

Dream of the Red Mansions

4、《山海經(jīng)》

the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

5、《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

6、《西廂記》

the Romance of West Chamber

7、《水滸傳》

Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin

8、《聊齋志異》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio;Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

9、《圍城》 Fortress Besieged

10、《阿Q正傳》the True Story of Ah Q

11、《春秋》

the Spring and Autumn Annals

12、《史記》

Historical Records

13、《詩(shī)經(jīng)》

the Book of Songs

14、《易經(jīng)》

the Book of Changes

15、《禮記》

the Book of Rites

16、《孝經(jīng)》

Book of Filial Piety

17、《三字經(jīng)》 Three-Character Scripture;Three-Word Chant

18、八股文

Eight-Part essay;stereotyped writing

19、五言絕句

five-character quatrain 20、七言律詩(shī)

seven-character octave

21、《孫子兵法》 The Art of War

九、中國(guó)建筑（Chinese Architecture）

1、四合院

quadrangle;the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard

2、蒙古包(Mongolian)yurt

3、碑文

inscriptions on a tablet

4、碑林

the forest of steles

5、道觀

Taoist temple

6、殿

hall

7、烽火臺(tái) beacon tower

8、鼓樓

drum tower

9、華表

ornamental column 十、十二生肖（Zodiac）

1、鼠

Rat

2、牛

Ox

3、虎

Tiger

4、兔

Hare

5、龍

Dragon

6、蛇

Snake

7、馬

Horse

8、羊

Sheep

9、猴

Monkey

10、雞 Rooster

11、狗 Dog

12、豬 Pig

十一、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日（Traditional Festivals）

1、春節(jié) the Spring Festival 拜年 pay a New Year visit 煙花爆竹 fireworks and firecracker 除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year 春聯(lián) Spring Couplets 辭舊迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new 餃子 boiled dumpling 鍋貼 pan-fried dumpling;pot-sticker 廟會(huì) temple fair 年畫(huà) traditional Chinese New Year Pictures 年夜飯 the Eve Feast;family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve;Banquet of Chinese New Year Eve 守歲 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 團(tuán)圓飯 family reunion dinner 壓歲錢 New Year gift-money;money given to children as a New Year gift

2、元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花燈 festival lantern 燈謎 lantern riddle 舞龍 dragon dance 獅子舞 lion dance 踩高蹺 stilt walking

3、清明節(jié) Tomb-sweeping Day 掃墓 tomb-sweeping;sweep tomb sites of loved ones 祭祖 offer sacrifices to the ancestors 踏青 go for an outing in spring

4、端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival 賽龍舟 dragon boat race 粽子 traditional Chinese rice-pudding 亡靈 departed soul 忠臣 loyal minister

5、中秋節(jié) Moon Festival;Mid-Autumn Day 月餅 moon cake 賞月 appreciate the glorious full moon

6、重陽(yáng)節(jié) Double Ninth Day;the Aged Day

7、國(guó)慶節(jié) National Day

8、七夕節(jié) the Double-seventh Day

十二、京?。˙eijing Opera）

1、變臉 face-off

2、生 male(the positive male role)

3、旦 female(the positive female role)

4、凈 a supporting male role with a striking character

5、丑 a clown or a negative role

6、花臉 painted role

7、獨(dú)角戲 monodrama;one-man show

8、京劇票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera;Peking Opera fan

9、臉譜 mask

十三、《論語(yǔ)》the Analects of Confucius

1、己所不欲，勿施于人。

Do not do to others what you would not want them do to you.2、言必行、行必果。

Keep what you say and carry out what you do.3、有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂(lè)乎？

Isn’t it a delight to have friends coming from afar?

4、知者樂(lè)水，仁者樂(lè)山。

The wise find pleasure in waters;the virtuous find pleasure in mountains.5、君子敏于行而訥于言。

The gentleman are speedy as a worker and cautious as a speaker.6、知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。

True knowledge is when one knows the limitations of his knowledge.7、巧言令色，鮮矣仁。

Someone who is a clever speaker and maintains a “too-smiley” face is seldom considered a humane person.8、溫故而知新，可以為師矣。

You could be a teacher if you get something new from what you have learned before.9、學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕。A good scholar can become an official.十四、其他

1、剪紙

paper cutting

2、書(shū)法

Chinese calligraphy

3、風(fēng)水

Geomantic Omen

4、黃土高原 Loess Plateau

5、紅白喜事 weddings and funerals

6、針灸 acupuncture

7、唐三彩 Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty

8、農(nóng)歷，陰歷 lunar calendar

陽(yáng)歷 solar calendar

9、中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義 socialism with Chinese characteristics

10、物質(zhì)精神文明建設(shè)the construction of material civilization and spiritual civilization

11、文物 cultural relics

12、中國(guó)結(jié) Chinese knot

13、唐裝 Tang suit;traditional Chinese garments 旗袍 cheongsam [?t??:??s?m]

中山裝 Chinese tunic suit

14、景泰藍(lán) cloisonné

15、文化產(chǎn)業(yè) culture industry

16、文化底蘊(yùn) cultural deposits

17、文化事業(yè) cultural undertaking

18、文化交流 cross-cultural communication;intercultural communication

19、文化沖突 culture shock 20、民族文化 national culture

21、民間文化 folk culture

22、鄉(xiāng)村文化 rural culture

23、表演藝術(shù) performing arts

24、現(xiàn)代流行藝術(shù) popular art

25、高雅藝術(shù) refined art

26、木偶戲 puppet show 皮影戲 shadow play 折子戲 opera highlights

27、說(shuō)書(shū) story-telling

28、口技 ventriloquism

31、戰(zhàn)國(guó) Warring States

32、秦腔 Qin opera, crying of Qin people

33、閏年 leap year

34、鐵飯碗 iron bowl

35、集體舞 group dance

36、印/璽 seal/stamp

37、亭/閣

pavilion/ attic

38、追星族 star struck

39、下崗 lay off;laid off 40、香港澳門同胞 compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao

十五、中國(guó)古代思想流派

1、儒家思想Confucianism

2、儒家文化 Confucian culture

3、道教 Taoism

4、墨家Mohism

5、法家 Legalism

6、佛教 Buddhism

十六、旅游景點(diǎn)（tourist attractions）

1、胡同hutong

2、長(zhǎng)城 the Great Wall of China

3、秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang

4、兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses

5、大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda（[p??g??d?] n.塔，寶塔）

6、絲綢之路the Silk Road

7、敦煌莫高窟M(jìn)ogao Grottoes;Mogao Caves

8、華清池 Huaqing Hot Springs

9、五臺(tái)山 Wutai Mountain

九華山 Jiuhua Mountain

蛾眉山Mount Emei

泰山 Mount Tai

黃山 Mount Huang;the Yellow Mountain

10、故宮 the Imperial Palace

故宮博物院 the Palace Museum

11、天壇 the Temple of Heaven;Altar of Heaven in Beijing

12、午門 Meridian Gate（[m?'r?d??n] n.子午圈；子午線；頂點(diǎn)；（權(quán)力，成就等的）全盛時(shí)期）

13、大運(yùn)河 Grand Canal

護(hù)城河the Moat（n.壕溝，護(hù)城河

v.挖壕圍繞）

14、回音壁Echo Wall

15、居庸關(guān) Juyongguan Pass

16、九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

17、黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi

18、十三陵 the Ming Tombs

19、蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 20、西湖 West Lake

21、九寨溝 Jiuzhaigou Valley

22、日月潭 Sun Moon Lake

23、布達(dá)拉宮Potala Palace

24、孔廟 Confucius Temple

25、喇嘛L(fēng)ama

26、樂(lè)山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha

27、十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha

28、長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū) the Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River

十七、影視節(jié)目

1、雜技 acrobatics

2、相聲 witty dialogue comedy;cross-talk;comic dialogue

3、電視小品 TV sketch/TV skit

十八、中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)作品

1、刺繡 embroidery

蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery

2、泥人 clay figure

3、中國(guó)畫(huà) traditional Chinese painting

水墨畫(huà) Chinese brush painting

4、青銅器 bronze ware

瓷器 porcelain;china

十九、中國(guó)結(jié)婚傳統(tǒng)

1、紅雙喜 double happiness

2、門當(dāng)戶對(duì) perfect match;exact match

3、結(jié)婚證 marriage certificate

4、獨(dú)生子女證 the certificate of one-child

二十、中國(guó)式教育

附屬學(xué)校 affiliated school 高等自學(xué)考試 self-taught examination of higher education 人才流動(dòng) brain drain;brain flow 函授部 the Correspondence Department 素質(zhì)教育 essential-qualities-oriented education 政治輔導(dǎo)員 political counselor;school counselor 二

十一、中國(guó)特色

一國(guó)兩制 one country, two systems 四人幫 Gang of Four 大躍進(jìn) Great Leap Forward 文化大革命 Cultural Revolution 大中型國(guó)有企業(yè) large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 中外合資企業(yè) joint ventures 二

十二、中國(guó)食物

小吃攤 snack bar;snack stand 火鍋 hot pot 北京烤鴨 Beijing roast duck 春卷 spring roll(s)蓮藕 lotus root

第五篇：(教師版)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯

1.中國(guó)書(shū)法是一種古老的中國(guó)書(shū)寫(xiě)藝術(shù)。任何關(guān)于中國(guó)文化的出版物都不會(huì)不提及漢字和中國(guó)書(shū)法。對(duì)于外國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)漢字難，學(xué)中國(guó)書(shū)法更難。文房四寶指的是筆、墨、紙、硯。我們的祖先極其崇尚讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字。這體現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的不少諺語(yǔ)中，如“讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷，下筆如有神”，“腹有詩(shī)書(shū)氣自華”，還有“讀書(shū)千遍其義自見(jiàn)”。漢語(yǔ)中還有上千種方式描述書(shū)法作品，如“龍飛鳳舞”，“圓潤(rùn)流暢”，“清和淡雅”等，不乏溢美之詞。中國(guó)書(shū)法是一種神圣的藝術(shù)，一個(gè)珍貴的禮物。

Chinese calligraphy is an ancient art of Chinese handwriting.No publication on Chinese culture would ever omit mention of Chinese characters and calligraphy.For foreigners, Chinese characters are hard to master, and calligraphy is even more difficult.The Four Treasures of Study(文房四寶)refer to the four writing tools: 筆writing brush, 墨ink stick, 紙rice paper and 硯ink slab.Chinese forefathers held reading and writing in high esteem.This is echoed in several sayings in China.They include 讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷，下筆如有神---If you read ten thousand books, you will write articles as excellent as if with help from the God;腹有詩(shī)書(shū)氣自華---Reading makes a person graceful;and 讀書(shū)千遍其義自見(jiàn)---After reading a book a thousand times the meaning reveals itself.In China, there are thousands of ways to describe calligraphic works, such as 龍飛鳳舞 lively and vigorous, 圓潤(rùn)流暢smooth and fluent, and 清和淡雅gentle and graceful.There is no lack of Chinese expressions complimenting such works.Chinese calligraphy is a sacred art, and can be a treasured gift.2、長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。”實(shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!People often say, “He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.3、改革開(kāi)放30 年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和中國(guó)文化的首選之地。// 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，他們對(duì)這個(gè)和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機(jī)會(huì)了解中國(guó)的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗(yàn)這個(gè)文明古國(guó)的風(fēng)采。// 作為第二文化，中國(guó)文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀。可以說(shuō)，這個(gè)潮流方興未艾。越來(lái)越多的學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的美國(guó)人除了對(duì)中國(guó)菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術(shù)。//他們也看功夫電影，學(xué)習(xí)東方時(shí)裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺(jué)的在日常生活中談及中國(guó)的點(diǎn)心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國(guó)最熱門的中國(guó)文化是道家學(xué)說(shuō)和有著神秘色彩的風(fēng)水學(xué)。

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice in learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines and martial arts.// They are also interested in Kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, an ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

4、對(duì)龍圖騰的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚(yú)、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開(kāi)拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.5、獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來(lái)祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.6、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過(guò)疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來(lái)達(dá)到陰陽(yáng)歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國(guó)的“新四大國(guó)粹”。

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In

accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu(otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

7、中國(guó)功夫即中國(guó)武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說(shuō)，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國(guó)武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in combat.The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit).Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.8、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡(jiǎn)單圖畫(huà)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國(guó)古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書(shū)、楷書(shū)、草書(shū)、行書(shū)等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方”，源于古人“天圓地方”的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫(huà)，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---”(the horizontal stroke)“│”(the vertical stroke), “／”(the left-falling stroke), “＼”(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).9、中國(guó)成語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語(yǔ)?！俺烧Z(yǔ)”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語(yǔ)是比詞大而語(yǔ)法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語(yǔ)言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國(guó)成語(yǔ)由四個(gè)漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語(yǔ)主要從民間諺語(yǔ)、古代文學(xué)作品、詩(shī)歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.An

idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example, ziqiangbuxi(make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa(success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extracted from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.10、中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中華文化不可分割的一部分，為振興華夏做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。如今，中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)(western medicine)在中國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域并駕齊驅(qū)。中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式 和豐富的典籍材料，備受世界矚目。在定義上，中醫(yī)是指導(dǎo)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥理論和實(shí)踐的一種醫(yī)學(xué)，它包括中醫(yī)療法、中草藥(herbalogy)、針 灸(acupuncture)、推拿(massage)和氣功(Qigong)。

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is an integral part of Chinese culture.It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China.TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community.TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine.It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.難點(diǎn)精析：

1.不可分割的一部分：可譯為an integral part。

2.為振興華夏做出了巨大的賁獻(xiàn)：可譯為has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“華夏”： 即“中國(guó)”或“中華”，可直接譯為China;“振興”此處翻譯成了名詞形式prosperity,還可譯為revitalization;“做出了 巨大的貢獻(xiàn)”可譯為 has made great contributions。

3.并駕齊驅(qū)：此處指兩者(中醫(yī)和西醫(yī))都得以應(yīng)用，可簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯為both are being used。

4.獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料：三個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ)，可分別譯為unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials;“典籍材料”可理解為歷史文獻(xiàn)資料，翻譯為historical literature and materials.5.中醫(yī)療法：譯為Chinese medication。

11、中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到元宵 節(jié)(the Lantern Festival)，即從農(nóng)歷(lunar calendar)最后一個(gè)月的最后一天至新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡 度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家 家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)(couplets)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他 的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探親訪友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration

of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.難點(diǎn)精析：

1.慶?；顒?dòng)：譯為celebrations即可，考生要注意，不要看到“慶?；顒?dòng)”就想在celebration的后面加上： ? activities。

2.有很大差異：譯為?vary widely,此句還可以翻譯為?are rather different。3.驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)：譯為sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck，此處的“驅(qū)”如果考生無(wú)法譯出： : sweep away，也可以用簡(jiǎn)單的get rid of來(lái)表達(dá)。4.大掃除：譯為thoroughly clean the house。

5.放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包：譯為 lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes。放鞭炮還可以用 set off ' I firecrackers或 fire firecrackers來(lái)表達(dá)。

12、要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表 性的劇種。作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ) 上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂(lè)上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂(lè)器。由于京劇是在融 合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛(ài)，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860.Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas.In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles;the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect;and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點(diǎn)精析

1.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒(méi)有給出明確的主語(yǔ)，因而在翻譯時(shí)要注意：增譯主語(yǔ)you?！爸袊?guó)的戲曲文化”可譯為the Chinese opera culture。2.中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時(shí)可以采用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。

3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在??的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the basis of...會(huì)稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯為originate from...?！暗胤綉颉笨梢灾弊g為local opera。

4.念白：“念白”指的是中國(guó)戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對(duì)話，因而此處在翻譯時(shí)可將其靈活譯為the spoken parts。

5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中并沒(méi)有直接對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá)，因而可以采用漢語(yǔ)拼音表示。

6.它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛(ài)，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)：“不僅 也 ”常用not only…, but also…來(lái)表達(dá)。此處句中的“鐘愛(ài)”和“喜愛(ài)”同義，在翻譯后半部分內(nèi)容時(shí)可以將與前半部分重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略，故該部分內(nèi)容可譯為：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。