第一篇：2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：說理議論類

2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：說理議論類

(一)(2011·湖北高考)

Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence;optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist.He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Here's how he explains his views.)Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.2)Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer??lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.)Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(減輕)climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil??fuel(化石燃料)electricity is forbidden by well??meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate

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love story change.If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血帶)around our necks.1.What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?

A.Weakness of human nature.B.Concern about climate change.C.Importance of practical thinking.D.Optimism about human progress.2.How does Ridley look at shopping?

A.It encourages the creation of things.B.It results in shortage of goods.C.It demands more fossil fuels.D.It causes a poverty problem.3.The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.A.oil lamps give off more light than candles

B.shortening working time brings about a happier life

C.advanced technology helps to produce better candles

D.increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods

4.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A.Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.B.Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.C.People's health is closely related to climate change.D.Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.2 / 8

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答案與解析

1．D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence;optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress...” Ridley 自稱是一個理性的樂觀主義者，所謂理性是因為他仔細權(quán)衡證據(jù)；所謂樂觀是因為這些證據(jù)表明人類進步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。這就是他在近期的一本書當中以全新的視角向人們證明的主題。故此處D項正確。

2．A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一個小標題題目“Shopping fuels invention”以及其內(nèi)容最后一句“The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.”可知，購物刺激發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，刺激消費，促進生產(chǎn)，這種情況越多，我們將會越富有。故此處A項正確。

3．D 細節(jié)理解題。從第二個標題內(nèi)容可知，我們生活遠比以前富裕，健康，長壽，人也長得高了，也比以前聰明了，其中一個原因是我們?nèi)祟惖乃姆N基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油燈和蠟燭為例進一步闡述，故此處D項正確。

4.B 推理判斷題。由文章最后一句可知，如果氣候變化證明是輕微的，然而降低二氧化碳會引起麻煩，那么很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們用止血帶纏繞脖子以此止住鼻血。此處暗指對氣候變化的過度反應(yīng)存在危險。故B項正確。

(二)(2011·四川高考)

In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive(競爭的)strategy(策略)and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three??year period.How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed(moving quickly)and strategic speed(reducing the time it takes to deliver value)．Simply increasing

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love story the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower??quality products and services.In our study, higher??performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary.They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast(相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.1．What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Increase the speed.B．Get an advantage.C．Reach the limit.D．Set a goal.2．The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ________.A．spending more time and performing worse

B．spending more time and performing better

C．spending less time and performing worse

D．spending less time and performing better

3．What can we learn from the text?

A．How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B．How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.4 / 8

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C．Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D．Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.4．Which could be the best title for the text?

A．Improve quality? Serve better.B．Deliver value? Plough ahead.C．Reduce time? Move faster.D．Need speed? Slow down.答案與解析

1.B 詞義猜測題。許多公司都想選擇提速來獲取優(yōu)勢，而不是達到極限或設(shè)定目標，故get an advantage正確。

2.D 細節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含義：他們怎樣違反商業(yè)物理規(guī)則，比做得更好的競爭對手花了更多的時間？他們不同地看待更慢和更快的意思。可知商業(yè)物理規(guī)則應(yīng)是用更少的時間做得更好。故選D項。

3.C 推理判斷題。文章主要講述了strategic speed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也說明了這一點：運用策略速度的公司往往在必要時作出改變。故選C項。

4．D 主旨大意題。文章圍繞speed 展開，且區(qū)分了operational speed 與 strategic speed，強調(diào)了后者的重要性，故D項正確。

(三)(2011·重慶高考)

Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco??guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it

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love story measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed, Mr.Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry??funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

Such one??sided views should have immediately been challenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership.The review remarked that Mr.Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”．

A critical(批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.People might become half??blind before a world partially exhibited by the media.That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1．According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics” ?

A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco??guilt”．

B．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2．Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?

A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.6 / 8

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C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D．Industry??funded media present confusing information.3．The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to

________.A．voice a different opinion

B．find fault with Lomborg's book

C．challenge the authority of the media

D．point out the value of scientific views

4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B．To warn the public of the danger of half??blindness with reviews.C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案與解析

1.B 細節(jié)理解題。從第一段第三句“他們中的一些不承認人類活動對環(huán)境造成的嚴重危害”可知B項正確。

2.A 細節(jié)理解題。從第二段第一句“那或許能解釋這本書為什么這么受歡迎”及第三句“另一種解釋是一些特別的利益”可知A項正確。

3.A 主旨大意題。前文提到很多人對有關(guān)環(huán)境問題不好的消息質(zhì)疑，文章倒數(shù)第二段提到這種片面的觀點應(yīng)該立刻受到挑戰(zhàn)，然而在Nature上僅僅出現(xiàn)了為數(shù)不多的評論，故作者在此處提到the review in Nature是為了發(fā)表不同的觀點。故選A項。

4.D 推理判斷題。本文是觀點類議論文，開頭部分提出了一種反面的觀點，然后對此提出批判，最后點明了本文的中心——媒體應(yīng)該展現(xiàn)一些能讓公

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love story 眾作出明智決定的信息。這也是作者的目的所在。故選D項。

資料分享：湖南現(xiàn)代物流職業(yè)技術(shù)學校 物信系 電子商務(wù)學生：琳子 http://wxx.56edu.com/

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第二篇：高考英語作文經(jīng)典句型-議論類

高考英語作文經(jīng)典句型 Part 1 議論類
1.There is a widespread concern over the issue that more and more students take mobile phones into school.2.It is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.3.In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude.4.So it goes without saying that it is not a good idea for the students to use mobile phones on campus.5.People, 6.There however, is no differ in their opinions on this matter.

doubt that it will do a lot of harm to the students.firmly support the view that the students

7.As far as I am concerned, I

should not use mobile phones on campus.8.Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows: 9.This case is no exception.10.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of mobile phones into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.11.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.12.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.13.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is to ask parents to keep an eye on the students.14.A case in point is that one of the students was too addicted to mobile phones to finish his homework.15.The more we are aware of the significance to prevent the students using mobile phones on campus, the more benefits we will get.
1

第三篇：高考議論類作文應(yīng)試流程

高考議論類作文應(yīng)試流程

一、開頭

交代由頭，亮明觀點。

任何文章都是有感而發(fā)，考場作文也不例外。

考場作文的潛在讀者是考生觀點的假想者，而顯在讀者就是閱卷教師，從開頭，閱卷教師就會以能否交代由頭、心中有否讀者而判斷出考生的作文思維水平之高低。例如：

“孝敬假”太荒唐

據(jù)報載，從7月1日起，重慶市忠縣雙桂鎮(zhèn)規(guī)定：每逢父母、岳父母生日，黨政干部必須強制性休假一天，專門回家孝敬父母、岳父母。為保證該政策的實施，該鎮(zhèn)將干部們父母、岳父岳母的生日登記在冊，由專人負責。

在筆者看來，這樣的做法實在荒唐。官員為父母以及岳父母過生日屬于私生活的范圍，過與不過，過得好與不好，應(yīng)由社會風俗來調(diào)節(jié)，公權(quán)沒必要進行干涉。過度的干涉只能混淆公權(quán)與私權(quán)的界限。

而且，這么做還有可能加劇腐敗。按照時下的潛規(guī)則，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的父母乃至岳父母過生日，下屬是不太可能視而不見的。如果不公開，不為人知，下屬還沒有去“孝敬”的壓力，但如果是登記在冊，且用領(lǐng)導(dǎo)休假的方式“公示”出來，那很有可能出現(xiàn)下屬們不得不紛紛登門祝壽的場面，從而演化成領(lǐng)導(dǎo)肥私的機會。

《中國青年報》2005．7．22孫立忠文

在上面那篇文章里，作者的觀點是：在筆者看來，這樣的做法實在荒唐。他觀點的形成大抵是遵循這樣的因果分析的思維軌跡：

孝敬假（事實、現(xiàn)象、結(jié)果）→荒唐（作者觀點）→過生日屬于私生活的范圍，公權(quán)沒必要進行干涉（原因一）→按照時下的潛規(guī)則，還有可能加劇腐?。ㄔ蚨?/p>

很明顯，作者的觀點之所以能被我們接受，除去他有明確的“目標意識”之外，更重要的，他采用的因果分析為哲學思維，為科學性思維才是根本原因。

所謂因果立論，就是通過對論題中有關(guān)各種因素之間的因果關(guān)系作深入細致的分析，由因求果或由果溯因，從而正確地對客觀事物作出評斷，確立觀點。

由因求果，后果預(yù)料的準確、深刻，能夠使人正視前因條件；由果求因，原因找得準確，使人加深對事物的認識，把握事物運動、變化的本質(zhì)，由此一境而入另一境。

我們知道，運用因果思維進行寫作立意主要是通過對事物和生活的本質(zhì)、規(guī)律的認識來確立文章的主題、文旨。

那麼什麼是本質(zhì)、規(guī)律？所謂本質(zhì)、規(guī)律，主要就是事物與事物之間存在的一種穩(wěn)定的必然的因果關(guān)系。因果關(guān)系具有必然性，當一種因的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生之后，必然要產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的果，這樣，因果之間就產(chǎn)生了重復(fù)性、規(guī)律性的現(xiàn)象。因此，因果關(guān)系是一種規(guī)律性關(guān)系。而在這個規(guī)律性關(guān)系中，果是現(xiàn)象，因是導(dǎo)致果產(chǎn)生的本源，因此，因便是果的本質(zhì)。

探索事物這個已然現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)，就是對其先在性或背景性的因的追問、思索。同樣，這也是對事物運動內(nèi)在機制規(guī)律的探索。

再如：

娛樂主持人，不嗲行嗎

看電視越來越累了。10個主持人起碼就有9個發(fā)嗲，而且嗲得厲害，讓人頭暈。日益低下去的領(lǐng)口和大片的酥胸似乎難以抓住日益挑剔的看客，再把一頭黑黃攙雜的頭發(fā)扎成兩 1 個“檐牙高啄”的羊角辮，高跟鞋穿起來在臺上一陣亂“崴”，冷不丁地話筒對著觀眾，口里大聲喊：“耶——”，底下的男女看客們也跟著起哄，這就是他們精心制造需要達到的效果。

其實，港臺主持人是極力向正宗普通話靠攏才形成了他們夾生的普通話，一些內(nèi)地主持人在語言上本來具有地域優(yōu)勢，卻偏要向港臺夾生普通話看齊，這種作秀，令人生厭。

《中國文化報》8．10王濤文

在《娛樂主持人，不嗲行嗎》一文中，作者的觀點同樣是采用因果分析的方法來形成他的觀點的。

他的觀點是：娛樂主持人，不嗲行嗎。其觀點形成的思維軌跡是：

主持人發(fā)嗲成風（果）→向港臺夾生普通話看齊，是作秀（因）→令人生厭，呼吁“娛樂主持人，不嗲行嗎”（觀點）

二、主體結(jié)構(gòu) 1.分角度

把觀點可以按照時間（過去、現(xiàn)在、未來）、空間（自我、家庭、社會、國家、國際、宇宙）、邏輯（產(chǎn)生的原因、導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果、造成的危害、解決的辦法）等角度來對觀點進行分解剖析。2.舉事例

剖析事物必然涉及事例，事例是個別的，而從個別中看出一般，此個別就是典型的個別，而那個一般也就具有了認識價值，因為它可以指導(dǎo)下一個一般。3.事例分類 典型實例：

時間、地點、人物、事件確鑿的而又有啟發(fā)、認識意義的事例就是典型實例。所謂古今中外發(fā)生的典型實例浩如煙海，不勝枚舉。我們主張，想例子應(yīng)該先今而后古，因為知古是為了鑒今。例如：

舌頭上有牛

說話，表達思想，是公民的神圣權(quán)利，是所有自由中，最重要的自由之一。所以，“封嘴”乃最嚴酷的精神壓迫。

中國的專制君王怕老百姓說話，取消話語權(quán)利的方法，比較簡捷便當，就是明令禁止說話。周厲王時，國人謗王，厲王下令“殺之”，于是“國人莫敢言，道路以目”。其后，還有文字獄都是“封嘴”絕招。直觀其效果。往往立竿見影。只是后果不好。常常是封人嘴者最后也被“封嘴”。

來俊臣審案，不準辯護，審大將軍內(nèi)侍范云仙時，因不服，就將舌頭割下，這是最有效的“封嘴”法，自那以后，沒有人敢在來俊臣面前申訴。當然來俊臣自己也最后被“封嘴”，腦袋也被砍掉。

西方就有更絕的一招，讀古希臘歷史，得知另一種“封嘴”法。那時有大批演說家出現(xiàn)，當然，他們都是舉著真理和正義的旗幟。要想讓演說家不說話，就給他送錢，兜里裝得鼓鼓的，那演說家只好跪拜在銀幣之前，緘口不語。所以，他們所說的“?！?，指的是埃及銀幣，當時流通的埃及銀幣上，鑄有埃及的圣牛像。所謂“舌頭上有?！?，其實就是拿錢“封嘴”。

21世紀的人，畢竟比祖先聰明，少有采取明令“封嘴”法者，大多使用“舌頭上有牛”的“封嘴”法?；ㄥX買來你的話語權(quán)，禁止你再發(fā)聲。這一招靈驗，用途廣且多有顯效?，F(xiàn)代“封嘴”者，多采用此法。

不過，“封嘴”是雙方的默契，共同完成的二筆交易。弄得不好，效果可能相反。拿到 2 “封嘴”費，未必真“封嘴”。我們身邊的例子，就是被揭開的河南礦難曝出的“封嘴”丑聞。河南汝州市一煤礦，突發(fā)透水事故，井下作業(yè)多名工人逃生，但還有人員傷亡。當?shù)匾[瞞此事，礦難消息卻被知情人透露給多家媒體，得知這一信息的“記者”紛紛來到汝州市，大賓館、飯店住滿百家媒體“記者”，當?shù)刂缓貌捎媒疱X“封嘴”法。于是，我們便看到大批“記者”排隊“領(lǐng)工資”的場面。其標準為中央級媒體，每人500-1000元；省內(nèi)各大媒體，每人200—500元；其他市級媒體200元；跨行業(yè)、跨地區(qū)媒體每人100元。20張稿紙上，滿滿寫上100多家480個記者的名字，領(lǐng)走20萬元“工資”。據(jù)說，真記者不到1／3，明知道是假記者，還要給錢，這是因為“假記者和真記者相互有牽連，他可能發(fā)不了稿子，但他可以找到真記者發(fā)稿件，這是最讓人頭痛的一件事”，他們“得罪不起”?？梢姟胺庾臁币膊蝗菀?。這算是一次“封嘴”大動作，卻不幸被8月19日《河南商報》曝光，這又算“封嘴”大敗筆。

想“封嘴”，反而暴露出“封嘴”的丑陋?！吧囝^上有?！币徽?，也有失靈的時候。真值得深長思之。

(《今晚報·副刊·肝膽篇》10．24 江南塵文)概括事例

就是針對生活中、人群里的某種共有現(xiàn)象進行概括描述的內(nèi)容，因其不涉及某一具體的人物，所以稱之為概括事例。

例如：

日本人將排隊“加塞兒”視為“搶劫”

日本有一種排隊現(xiàn)象，就像公務(wù)員和公司職員有先輩和年輕人之分，公共場所排隊更是普遍現(xiàn)象；每個人都會自覺地排隊。

在地鐵站，即使每個車門前只有幾個人，但新來的人一定會默默地站在后面；如果大家站得不整齊，日本人會問哪兒是隊尾，然后排在后面。日本人排隊是真正地排隊，中途不許離開。這是一種不成文的規(guī)定，既然是排隊就不能投機取巧，大家浪費的時間和付出的辛苦都一樣，這樣每個人才心安理得。如果排隊時又開了一個新窗口，日本人會瘋狂地跑過去，爭先恐后，但排好位置以后，大家又按秩序來。

日本人最討厭“加塞兒”，在他們看來“加塞兒”是一種損人利己的表現(xiàn)，自己為了節(jié)省時間搶在前面，等于耽誤了別人的時間；在銷售物品數(shù)量有限的情況下，“加塞兒”的人多了，后面的人就有可能買不到，“加塞兒”等于變相搶劫。對有意“加塞兒”者，日本人大都露出討厭的表情，對“加塞兒”者側(cè)目而視，更多的時候則是群起而攻之，讓“加塞兒”者感到無地自容。

(《新華每日電訊》10．9 何德功文)虛擬事例

凡是童話、寓言、小說、電影、戲劇、動漫等人為想象虛構(gòu)出來的作品而又在現(xiàn)實世界里產(chǎn)生影響的，就是虛擬事例。

例如： 若說：何以對付敵人的龐大機構(gòu)呢？那就有孫行者對付鐵扇公主為例。鐵扇公主雖然是

⑶一個厲害的妖精，孫行者卻化為一個小蟲鉆進鐵扇公主的心臟里去把她戰(zhàn)敗了。柳宗元曾

⑷經(jīng)描寫過的“黔驢之技”，也是一個很好的教訓。一個龐然大物的驢子跑進貴州去了，貴州的小老虎見了很有些害怕。但到后來，大驢子還是被小老虎吃掉了。我們八路軍新四軍是孫行者和小老虎，是很有辦法對付這個日本妖精或日本驢子的。目前我們須得變一變，把我們的身體變得小些，但是變得更加扎實些，我們就會變成無敵的了。

毛澤東：《一個極其重要的政策》，1942年9月7日。

4.事例要敘議結(jié)合 敘述事例要概括，要交代事例的前因后果，這樣，才能為后面的議論，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，從一般到個別，做好鋪墊。

議論要針對事例的因或果深入剖析，所謂深入，就是講明何因、何危（果），以使讀者能既見樹木，也見森林。

例如：

請給貧困生平視的目光

新學期伊始，甘肅省榆中縣一些小學的同學領(lǐng)到的是黑白教材，而少數(shù)貧困同學卻免費領(lǐng)到了漂亮的彩色課本。而西固區(qū)的小學截然相反，大部分學生使用彩色教材，貧困生使用免費的黑白課本。貧困生教材背面都注有“免費教材”字樣。

用教材的色彩明顯區(qū)分開了孩子的經(jīng)濟背景和身份，在無差別的義務(wù)教育中貼上了有差別的“標簽”。無論“高度重視”還是“等級視之”，都會形成一個同樣的局面，即把貧困生從群體中突出出來。這種突出，往往忽視了貧困孩子的自尊心。

孩子的心靈是一張白紙，天真無邪。無論貧困與否，都渴望與同伴平等、自由、歡快地共處。關(guān)心他們，就不要在那張白紙上留下成人貧富意識的影子；尊重他們，就不要人為設(shè)置貧困孩子與伙伴之間的“界限”。扶助貧困的孩子，請給他們一個平視的目光吧。

(《科技日報》2005．9．6 燕農(nóng)文)在上面這篇文章里，作者看到了新學期伊始甘肅省榆中縣一些小學里貧困生的課本與其他同學的課本有明顯的標記差異，觸發(fā)感想，形成觀點：請給貧困生平視的眼光。

如果我們從文章里推求作者“形成觀點”的思維運動過程，大抵如下：

貧困生課本差異標記（觸媒）→小學同學處于義務(wù)教育階段，應(yīng)該享有無差別的受教育權(quán)利（因一）→天真無邪的小學生渴望平等的權(quán)利應(yīng)該受到尊重，而不要受到成人世界的貧富意識污染（因二）→請救助貧困生的行為者給貧困生平視的眼光。（形成觀點，發(fā)出呼吁）

很明顯，作者燕農(nóng)在寫作《請給貧困生平視的眼光》一文時，就是按照“腹稿”的內(nèi)在思維運行過程再用語言把它復(fù)原出來而形成了一篇微型論說文。

5.要學會正反對舉事例

正反對舉事例就是要我們學會辯證地、更為全面的分析事物，這樣，我們的觀點才會更具有說服力，才能讓讀者信服。

例如：

學者應(yīng)有兩件“專用武器”

近日，有人問我：學者應(yīng)具備什么樣的特殊素質(zhì)?這個問題首先使我想起了許多年前我看到的俄國普列漢諾夫的一句話：“學者之所以成為學者，是他能夠做到旁征博引?！逼樟袧h諾夫認為，學者必須是一個知識淵博和勤于收集材料的人，學者不但要求“言必有據(jù)”，而且要求自己提出來的論點必須經(jīng)過充分的論證。

在欣賞這句話的同時，我想加上另外一句：“學者之所以成為學者，是他能夠做到咬文嚼字”，這就是說學者必須概念清楚，這樣才具有嚴格的邏輯力量，成為在論爭中雄辯的人。因此我經(jīng)常說，學者應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成咬文嚼字的習慣，把概念名詞摳清楚?！耙慕雷帧边^去常被作為貶義詞來使用，我在這里把它作為褒義詞使用了。學者中慣于使用不清晰不準確的概念的人不少，許多混亂就是由此產(chǎn)生。我認為“旁征博引”和“咬文嚼字”這兩件學者的專用武器，一件也不能丟。

(《北京日報》2005．9．12于光遠文)6.舉例方式 可以是排比式，可以是單一具體式，可以是正反對舉式，不一而足。

三、結(jié)尾

必須呼應(yīng)開頭，交代寫作目的。

所謂交代寫作目的，就是在文章結(jié)尾明確地點出文章的觀點是針對那些讀者群提出的，是為了告誡，還是為了共勉，這樣，文章的主體性就增強了。

例如：

尊重時間

沈從文年輕時曾有位朋友，長相非凡，若漢高祖般“隆鼻而龍顏”也!故其友?？淇谠唬骸安灰】次?，我不像你們那么無出息，我要做個偉人。說大話不算數(shù)，你們等著瞧吧，看相的王半仙夸獎我這條鼻子是一條龍……”后來，這位朋友又與沈從文相逢，對鼻子的信仰早已蕩然無存，“6年來，除了舉起煙槍對準火口，小楷字也不寫一張了?！?/p>

于是，沈從文寫道：“我不看重鼻子，不相信命運，不承認目前形勢，卻尊重時間。我不大在乎生活上的得失，卻了然時間對這個世界同我個人的嚴重意義。我愿意好好地結(jié)結(jié)實實地來做一個人，可說不出來我要做個什么樣的人。”

正是憑著尊重時間，耐得寂寞的這分執(zhí)著，沈從文這位不過小學學歷的年輕人就這樣用心靈來感應(yīng)著外面的世界，用心靈與外面的世界交談，時間如同小溪，在凝重、遲緩、汩汩聲屏息可聞中逐漸逝去，但卻把他舉到一個峰巔，使他成為20世紀30年代名動當時的大作家；才使他在遭到“歷史的誤會”，自己所有的文字都被長期封殺之時，能夠超然地去做一分自己原來并不熟悉的文物研究工作，卻由此而成為出類拔萃的專家；時間最終還是肯定了他，使他又回到了他在中國文學史上所應(yīng)有的位置……

生命的步履，有時就是這樣簡單得出奇；生命的輝煌，就是這樣，必須在“時間”和“寂寞”中“淬火”，然后才能進發(fā)出灼灼異彩。(《齊魯晚報》9．13 林少汀文)再如：

學術(shù)論著引用應(yīng)有度

我在“學術(shù)批評網(wǎng)”點擊了一篇題為《英語學術(shù)界的若干論著體例及其啟示》論文，全文幾千字，竟然參考了34個“文獻”。一篇論文，學術(shù)引用少則幾條，多則幾十處，這在學術(shù)界司空見慣，學者們都習以為常了。而且，現(xiàn)在的“參考文獻”似乎有越來越長的趨勢。

我以為，學術(shù)著作轉(zhuǎn)引、注釋，是學者著述過程中應(yīng)當遵循的基本常識，既表明一方面體現(xiàn)出對他人成果的尊重，另一方面也便于讀者在閱讀中體會文章含義。富有嚴謹?shù)闹螌W精神的學人總是非常注意引文的出處。但是，學術(shù)引用應(yīng)有度，不能不加節(jié)制地引用下去。如果—篇論文參考文獻太多，那么作者的學術(shù)創(chuàng)新精神無論如何是大打折扣的。試想，短短幾千字的文章，光是引用的參考書就有好幾本甚至幾十本，如此這般還有多少內(nèi)容是屬于你自己的呢。難怪現(xiàn)在有的人說論文很好寫，原來竅門是找來一捆內(nèi)容相關(guān)的書，每本書里摘那么一段，然后串起來就能湊成一篇宏論。

我們不妨找一篇參考文獻嚴重比例失調(diào)的論文，把里面參考的部分抽掉，看看還剩幾句話是作者本人的。

(《中華讀書報》2005．9．14 孫建清文)

第四篇：2013年高考英語閱讀理解專題訓練答案

2013年高考英語閱讀理解專題訓練

第一套

（一）56—59ACDB 60—63 BDCC 64—66 DBA

67—70 BBAC

71—75 DEFAC

第二套

A 【答案及解析】 56.C。Basic Math包括哪些方面，第二段中The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.57.C。第4段中，They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.58.B。第五段中，he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.59.D。最后一段中，If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.Or you can get your money back.B 【答案及解析】 60.B B.ridiculous 可笑的。第一段中only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.61.A 第二段中 Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.62.D I lowed down the paper and sat down at my desk,我不知道發(fā)生了什么，所以在我發(fā)言后，希望知道為什么大家如此反應(yīng)的原因，即eager to find out what I had done wrong.63.B 第四段中Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.C 【答案及解析】 64.A 第一段中，acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision,可知壓力下的人們經(jīng)常會keep rewards better in their memory.65.A 第二段中，The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.66.D 第七段中，Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.可以看出是男性在壓力下更容易冒險。

D 【答案及解析】 67.B 第二段中，The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real.68.C He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, but that is not a reason to avoid all human presence.69.A This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason??deserves much more serious thinking.70.D 總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)類型

第三套

A 【答案及解析】 56.D。綜合判斷題。全文主要介紹了Robert Todd Duncan的經(jīng)歷.1． B.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Teaching at Howard gave Duncan the chance to share his knowledge of classical European music with a mainly black student population判斷。

2． D.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)Todd Duncan gained fame as an opera singer and concert artist.But his

greatest love判斷。

3． C.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)Duncan had almost decided not to try for the part as he knew it would not be easy to get it判斷。

D.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)文章的第一、二段推斷。

B 【答案及解析】

4． A.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第一段中In addition to baby Nargis in India, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies判斷。5． A.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句話判斷。

6． C.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的前兩句話判斷。

7． B.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)該詞后的那句話判斷。D.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一句話判斷。

C 【答案與解析】

8． D.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Both the vegetables and the tree gave the place a wonderful appearance進行判斷。

9． C.判斷推理題。樹和蔬菜參與了掙水的競爭。attend the contest參加比賽。10．C.細節(jié)判斷題。是小胡瓜的改變吸引了gardener的注意。

11．A.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)Neither of them thought that the gardener, on seeing his vegetable field becoming worse, would stop watering it判斷。

12．D.根據(jù)文章最后一段的So they decided to work together, and help each other instead of fighting判斷。

D 【答案及解析】

13． B.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的this is the life that God has intended for her to live;that her luck can only change if God will判斷。

14． D.細節(jié)推理題。passive消極的；positive積極的；satisfying令人滿意的；colourful多彩的。

15． B.概括判斷題。選項A的含義是：你暫時的困難不是令人沮喪的；選項B的含義是：你的命運能夠通過的努力而改變；選項C含義為：當上帝讓你獲得成功的時候你才會成功；選項D的含義是：你應(yīng)該用對待朋友的方式對待你自己。16． A.細節(jié)判斷題。第五段中強調(diào)的就是要采取積極的行動。

D.綜合判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第一段和最后一段都是在強調(diào)改變你的生活方式。

第四套

A 【答案與解析】56．C。推理判斷題。盡管老婦人撿到的鍋里的東西不斷地改變，直至變成山羊溜走，但她總是非常知足，即知足常樂(Content is better than riches)。A項意為：天下沒有不散的筵席；B項意為：早起的鳥有蟲吃；D項意為：烏云終將過去。

57．D。詞義理解題。老婦人撿到一口鍋，不管鍋里的東西怎樣變化，每次她都很樂觀，并且文中多次出現(xiàn)lucky一詞，說明老婦人知足常樂，在她眼里，the Hedley Kow代表幸運，故選D項。58．A。推理判斷題。盡管老婦人撿到的鍋里的東西一再改變，但她總是非常知足，保持樂觀情緒。

B 【答案及解析】 59．D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段并結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容可推知，grammarphobes是指害怕犯語法錯誤的人。

60．C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段第三句話的“put your words together”可知，C項正確。

61．A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句話可知，交流和打牌同樣都需要規(guī)則。rule和standard意義相近，即做某事的標準或規(guī)則。

62．B。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文的中心內(nèi)容是告訴大家，語法并不可怕。因此B項正確。

C 【答案及解析】 63．A。旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“This brochure has been designed to give you an overview of our Language School and the courses we offer.”可知本文主要介紹該校開設(shè)的英語課程。

64．D。細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Exam Courses部分的“Studying one of the above courses will enable you to continue your education or enter university in this country.”可知答案為D項。66．A。細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Exam Courses部分中括號內(nèi)的Students wishing to gain admission to a British university are normally required to have the Cambridge Proficiency Certificate和Speaking, Listening & Pronunciation中的meet the needs of students of different nationalities推斷，這所語言學校的招生對象不僅僅是英國人，故A項錯誤。

D 【答案及解析】 67．A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句的后半部分“is intended to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter”可知A項正確。

68．D。細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的第一、二兩句內(nèi)容可知，第一次印度以外的世界大笑節(jié)日是在印度孟買的聚會過了兩年后的1月9日舉行的，由第一段的倒數(shù)第三句可知，印度孟買的那次聚會是在1998年舉行的，故答案為D項。

69．A。者態(tài)度判斷題。從最后兩段作者對大笑的益處的介紹可以判斷出作者對此活動的態(tài)度是積極肯定的。positive“積極的，肯定的”；negative“消極的，否定的”；uninterested“不感興趣的，冷淡的”；objective“客觀的”。

70．A。主旨大意題。文章前兩段介紹了“世界大笑日”這個節(jié)日的來歷，后兩段介紹了此節(jié)日的重要性，所以只有A項能概括全文的大意。

第五套

A 【答案及解析】 56．C。正誤判斷題。A項錯是因為被大象踩死的那個人是印度人；B項錯是因為作者根本不了解大象；D項錯在作者根本不是大象的主人。從第一段和第二段知，作者是奉命帶上槍去制止那頭搗亂的大象的，應(yīng)該是警察，故C項正確，即他不是村民。

57．B。推理判斷題。從第三段知那頭馴養(yǎng)的大象跑了出來，造成了不少麻煩。文章中沒有提到A、C項，故只是那頭大象失去了控制。

58．A。指代題。從畫線詞the peacebreaker前后可知，它就是那頭搗亂的大象。

59．B。推理判斷題。從最后一段描述的作者開槍前的猶豫及對大象死前掙扎的描述可知作者是很悲傷的。

B 【答案及解析】 60．B。推理判斷題。從第一段第二句所舉的例子：政治家在選舉中獲勝和銷售員推銷產(chǎn)品來看，普通人之所以熟悉公眾演講是因為他們是公眾演講的聽眾。

61．C。細節(jié)判斷題。第二段提到了公眾演講的目的，如試圖讓人們接受新觀點、逗樂觀眾、說服人們接受自己的看法和采取某些行動，但沒有涉及講話人從自己的演講中得到滿足這一點。

62．D。細節(jié)判斷題。由最后一句“不管演講稿是如何準備的，發(fā)表演說的人會因為講話對聽眾產(chǎn)生的影響而得到贊揚”可推斷出，聽眾相信講話表達的是說話人的觀點。

C 【答案及解析】 63．A。推理判斷題。由第一段中的“you can visit our website which is printed on the cover”可知本篇文章很可能選自雜志。

64．B。推理判斷題。由Attendance中的“Please contact the office at 480.472.5282 if your child is going to be absent”可知，本文是寫給家長的。

65． B。細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第四段最后一句話“Each student tests independently—reading the quiz questions himself/ herself”可知B項正確。

66．B。細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“A student may test on a book only once”可知，每本書學生只有一次測試的機會。A項文章沒有提及；C項與文中信息相反；由最后一段中的monthly可知D項錯誤。

D 【答案及解析】 67．C。事實細節(jié)題。從文中第二段可知Bleeding都有提到，而C項在文中沒有提及。

Infection, High blood pressure和68．B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的for the present這個短語以及第六段第一句可推測出畫線單詞的意思是“臨時的”。

69．A。推理判斷題。文章通過分析孕產(chǎn)期婦女死亡的原因以及避免死亡的措施來向人們說明，這個問題是可以解決或預(yù)防的。

70．C。推理判斷題。作者在文中分析了原因，找出了解決的辦法，同時指出了解決問題的道路還很漫長，由此可知作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是客觀的，故選C項。

第六套

A 【答案及解析】 56．C。推理判斷題。從第一段中的確。

57．C。推理判斷題。從文章第二段中的to comfort him and keep up his spirits和第三段中的seldom shouted at others我們不難推斷出，老人之前的脾氣不好。A項和B項(第二段中)以及D項(第五段最后)在文中都有陳述，不用推斷。所以答案選C項。

58．D。細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段第一句可知，老人死去時，女孩不在場，所以答案選D項。其他選項都不符合文章內(nèi)容。

59．B。推理判斷題。從全文最后一段可知，老人在人生最后的日子里為能夠幫助一個急需幫助的女孩而感到由衷地高興，這真正改善了他的精神狀態(tài)。所以答案選B項。

which meant visiting and...with days numbered可以知道，這個志愿活動主要是照顧那些患有不治之癥、時日不多的病人，由此推斷C項正B 【答案及解析】 60．C。事實細節(jié)題。從文章第一段知，Adam Smith是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)勞動力分工重

要性的人，故答案選C項。

61．B。邏輯推理題。從第二和第三段尤其從第三段的第二句可知，Adam Smith發(fā)現(xiàn)勞動力分工能有效提高生產(chǎn)效率，所以選B項。

62．C。邏輯推理題。從全文第三段知，Adam Smith提到了4800，說每個工人一天可以生產(chǎn)4800個大頭針，主要用來說明勞動力分工的優(yōu)勢所在，即勞動分工可以有效提高工作效率，故選C項。63．C。邏輯推理題。從文章最后一段中的but he also took it for granted that...以及最后一句可推知，答案為C項。

C 【答案及解析】 64．C。細節(jié)理解題。三則廣告在Who are qualified欄里談到的招聘對象都是大學生，且三則廣告的source欄中都是網(wǎng)址，可知消息來自因特網(wǎng)，故選C項。

65．C。細節(jié)理解題。由第二則廣告中的“Who are qualified: College students graduating in 2009”可知答案為C項。

66．A。細節(jié)理解題。從第三則廣告中的“For assistant to the director positions, candidates should be adept in document writing, activities organizing and office software.”可知A項符合題意。

D 【答案及解析】 67．A。細節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段可知，當時存在種族隔離制度，膚色不同要上不同的學校。此外白人孩子還要根據(jù)性別上不同的學校，由此可知A項正確。

68．A。細節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，人們接到Tom的信息后非常高興，很樂意參加重逢聚會。

69．C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段判斷，Tom事業(yè)非常成功，生活發(fā)生了巨大變化，但還是想尋根。第三段最后一句中“but he still felt the desire to reconnect with his roots”說明他并不是生活發(fā)生巨大的改變后才這樣想的。他兒子的話促使他采取了行動，所以排除B、D兩項。A項文中未提及。

70．C。主旨大意題。綜合全文分析，本文不是人物介紹，也不是控訴當年的種族隔離，而是講述半個世紀后人們的一次不同尋常的重逢。

第七套

A 【答案及解析】56．C。寫作意圖題。從最后三段的排比句可知，命運掌握在自己手中，你只有改變自己才能改變命運，所以這里答案選C項。

57．D。事實細節(jié)題。從第四段和第五段內(nèi)容可知，人們看到了棺材中的鏡子，還有旁邊的一個標注：只有你自己限制了自己的成長。這真實地反映了人們的情況，所以答案選D項。

58．A。邏輯推理題。從文章內(nèi)容可推出，這次活動很可能是公司老板有意為員工設(shè)計的，主要目的在于告訴員工，真正阻礙自己成長和發(fā)展的不是別人，而是自己。所以前門上的字很可能是老板寫的，而不是其他人。所以答案選A項。

59．B。邏輯推理題。文章告訴我們一個道理：真正阻礙你發(fā)展的恰恰是你自己。這一課將會讓員

工銘記在心，大大地影響他們。所以答案選B項。

B 【答案及解析】 60．C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.可判斷C項是作者的觀點。

61．D。推理判斷題。選項A的含義為“失敗乃成功之母”；選項B的含義為“吃一塹，長一智”；選項C的含義為“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”；選項D的含義為“世上無難事，只要肯登攀”。D項含義與所引用的話(倒數(shù)第三段)含義相符。

62.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity可作出推斷。

63.A。主旨大意題。本文圍繞面對逆境我們應(yīng)持樂觀的態(tài)度這一話題而展開，所以選項A“笑對逆境”適合作本文標題。

C 【答案及解析】 64．B。寫作意圖題。從第一段可知，這是某雜志的征稿啟事，鼓勵讀者寫東西投給雜志社，所以選B項。

65．C。義理解題。從第三段的inspiring acts...something someone did that made your day different or changed your life可知，Karma這里表示“運氣”，所以答案選C項。

66．A。正誤判斷題。從文章第一段和黑色小標題知，征集的都是感人故事、奇聞軼事、幽默笑話等，屬于娛樂范圍，A項正確；字數(shù)和稿費并不成正比，排除B項；征集的稿子包括奇聞軼事、幽默笑話，說明它們很受歡迎，排除C項；從第四段的倒數(shù)第二和第三句可排除D項。

67．D。邏輯推理題。文章多次在段落(如第二、三、四段及最后一段)最后用到click(鼠標點擊)一詞，倒數(shù)第二段有on this website一詞，由此可知這是一篇網(wǎng)絡(luò)征稿啟事，所以選D項。

D 【答案及解析】68．D.猜測詞義題。根據(jù)the richer people use oil and gas可以排除A選項。第一段中介紹發(fā)展中國家的人們使用wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal, 而biomass所在的句子為People having less money use wood or biomass for cooking, 故可排除B選項，煤炭也是需要花錢的，因此最便宜的燃料除了木頭就是crop waste, animal waste。

69．A，章結(jié)構(gòu)題。由第一段最后一句But they are also a major cause of health problems and death可知這些燃料會產(chǎn)生很多健康問題甚至造成死亡，而題干中的句子是以具體舉例來說明這些燃料的危害的，所以答案選A項。

70．B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容可知，該研究中心設(shè)計的爐子應(yīng)該具有價格優(yōu)廉、效率高、低碳、清潔的特點。

第八套

A 【答案及解析】56．C。推理判斷題。從第一段中的Everything about the school seemed so difficult.和第二段中的The school seemed like a puzzle...等可以知道，作者在高中第一天擔心與緊張的原因是他還不熟悉新的高中生活，不了解新學校，所以答案選C項。

57．D。推理判斷題。從第二段中的．..was constantly lost.The school seemed like a puzzle

that I couldn't figure out可知，作者第一天上學每節(jié)課都遲到，對他而言，學校像是一個迷宮，他不知道如何走，所以答案選D項“作者不知道如何找到上課的教室的正確道路”。

58．B。事實細節(jié)題。從文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知，作者通過一個星期的適應(yīng)后，他已經(jīng)習慣了在新高中學校的學習和生活，故選B項。

59．C。邏輯推理題。文章最后一段告訴我們“最重要的是，要做回你自己，而不要假裝，掩飾自己，只有做回自己才能真正享受到高中生活的快樂”，由此可知，作者成功的秘訣在于做回他自己。

B 【答案及解析】 60．B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)整篇文章的內(nèi)容尤其是第二段的內(nèi)容可以推斷出，作者引用這個故事的目的是提醒大家個人信用報告的重要性。

61．C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五、六段的內(nèi)容可以找到答案。

62．D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可以獲悉：個人信用報告數(shù)據(jù)是由中國人民銀行負責管理的。故D項正確。

63．A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章的內(nèi)容可以確定本文講述的是個人信用的重要性。

C 【答案及解析】 64．C。推理判斷題。依據(jù)Ten Thousand Villages 226 Harvard Street, Brookline, Massachusetts(Coolidge Corner)推斷Ten Thousand Villages是商店，下文的GoodShop是商店對應(yīng)的網(wǎng)站。

65．D。詞義猜測題。結(jié)合語境可知，這里表示到商家的網(wǎng)站下載廣告并告訴朋友來購物。66．B。推理判斷題。依據(jù)廣告實體店中內(nèi)容可知該項活動僅限12月4日下午3點—7點，所以A、C項都擴大了范圍，而在該商家的網(wǎng)站購物款中此項活動沒有時間限制，故B項正確。

67．A。細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最后一段，錯過12月4日活動當天的話，購物者還可以登錄網(wǎng)站購物，消費額的30%會被捐給Primary Source，網(wǎng)站留70%，因此A選項與原文意思一致。

D 【答案及解析】 68．A。細節(jié)理解題。從第一段第二句“我的任務(wù)就是：管理賬單、陪孩子玩、洗衣、燒飯、與人商量合伙用車接送孩子上學、做甜點和帶孩子們?nèi)ソ加巍笨芍狝項正確。

69．B。由倒數(shù)第二段可知，跟醫(yī)生預(yù)約是母親(作者)的職責，因此B項當選。

70．C。主旨大意題。文章開頭就說父親的職責是獨特的，再結(jié)合下文可知父親的職責母親是代替不了的，文章最后一段再次點明了中心。故選C項。

第九套

A 【答案及解析】本文講9個士兵為自己沒有按時返回軍營找借口開脫的故事。

1.C。細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第1段第2句和第3句 It was far from the towns and cities and there were some high mountains around.Of course it was a good place for training the new soldiers 可知答案為 C。

2.A。細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第2段第3句 He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday 可知答案為 A。

3.B。細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù) ?Mr.Hunt decided to go to the town and see what was happening with the young men 可知答案為 B。

4.D。細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù) It seemed they were all drunk 可知答案為 D。

5.C。細節(jié)推斷題。那9個士兵在為自己的晚歸找借口，他們是在說謊，因此應(yīng)該選擇C。

B 【答案與解析】這是一篇關(guān)于一對夫婦如何遇到海難，然后在海上的救生艇上生活了66天后獲救的小故事。

6.C。細節(jié)判斷題。在第二自然段的第1句就告訴我們they left Panama, Simony, they met some whales 說他們是在Simony 旅游時遇見Whales.7.B。細節(jié)判斷題。我們從第二自然段得知They started to hit the side of the boat,也就是說是the whales broke the side of the boat。

8.D。細節(jié)推斷題。在他們的船沉沒之后，the couple是一直待在船上直至獲救的，而不是一直都在jumped into the life-raft。

9.B。細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第3段的第2句They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water-two things which saved their lives可知：a fishing-line 和 a machine救了他們的命。

10.D。綜合判斷題。由最后一段After fifty days at sea...我們知道：the couple是太虛弱所以不能站起來，是由船長carried them onto his boat, 而救生艇早在出事后的50天就壞掉了，而不是獲救當天壞的，所以A、B、C都可以排除，D項為正確選項。

C 【答案及解析】文章分析了城里人比鄉(xiāng)下人更長壽的原因是城里人鍛煉更多，步行更多。

11．C.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第2行Why did she live to be 107?”可知這個調(diào)查是關(guān)于這些人長壽的原因的，故C正確。

12．B.細節(jié)推理題。在第二段中提出了很多的例子都想證明城里人的鍛煉比鄉(xiāng)下人要多，步行的距離要比鄉(xiāng)下人更長。故B正確。

13．B.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段3,4行Smaller apartment houses have no elevators(電梯)，and so people must climb stairs．可知B正確。

14．A.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一句．To go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars．可知鄉(xiāng)下人要開車上學主要是因為他們不得不開車，那么可能是因為住的地方不靠市中心，交通不方便，故A正確。

15．D.概括推理題。文章分析了城里人比鄉(xiāng)下人更長壽的原因是城里人鍛煉更多，步行更多。故D正確。

D 【答案及解析】文章講述的是媽媽對我的要求很嚴格，甚至到了苛刻的地步，但是對我的成長有很大的幫助。

16.B.概括推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段I had the meanest mother in the world，還有文章第2,3段可知B正確。

17.C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一行The worst is yet to come.We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning.可知C正確。18.A。細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing，red for failing.My mother, however，would merely be content with black marks.可知A正確。

19.D。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知作者很感激媽媽對自己的嚴格要求，故D正確。20.B。概括總結(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的最后一句話推斷。

第十套

A 【答案及解析】文章講述了打獵和handgun control的關(guān)系。

1．C。細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第2段最后一句When uncontrolled, it can be a very dangerous practice.進行反向推理可知，可知C正確。

2．D.細節(jié)判斷題題。根據(jù)最后一段Because most of the hunters use a rifle or shotgun, there is no reason why their search for game and sport shold be affected by handgun control可知handgun control不會影響獵人，因為獵人不使用handgun。

3．A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章男人可知文章是關(guān)于打獵和handgun control的關(guān)系。

4.D.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)Only long guns, rifles and shotguns are effective arms of hunting判斷。

5.D。根據(jù)文章的第四段判斷。

B 【答案及解析】文章介紹了澳大利亞社會的各個方面，經(jīng)濟，移民，生活等。

6．D。猜測句意題。根據(jù)下一句However, there is some difference in lifestyle between city dwellers and the country people.與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下文說在城市和鄉(xiāng)下生活方式有差別，說明上文的口音方面差別不大。

7．D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第5行90 per cent of the population lives in the fast-paced cities和第8行In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow-moving and conservative.可知城市生活和鄉(xiāng)村生活是不一樣的。

8．C。猜測詞義題。根據(jù)句意可知盡管澳大利亞存在著種族問題，但是它是一個多民族融合的國家。民族的融合是一個成功的實驗，整個國家也以此為榮。

9．B。推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一行The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia.可知現(xiàn)在的澳大利亞強調(diào)東南亞的移民。故B正確。

10．A。主旨大意題。文章介紹了澳大利亞社會的各個方面，經(jīng)濟，移民，生活等。

C 【答案及解析】文章討論的是政府控制經(jīng)濟的可能結(jié)果。

11.A．細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.可知A正確。

12．C。推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知限制租賃價格會帶來一系列的影響，從長遠來看會導(dǎo)致公寓數(shù)量的不足，以及一些其他的不夠積極的影響。

13.A．推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知如果設(shè)立的最低工資過高，會讓企業(yè)不去雇傭更多的人，或者借助于機器。那樣就會有更多的人失業(yè)。故A正確。14.B．主旨大意題。文章討論的是政府控制的可能結(jié)果。

15.D。推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Economists do not agree on some of the predictions.可知這兩者的預(yù)測經(jīng)常是不一樣的。故D正確。

D 【答案及解析】本文主要敘述現(xiàn)在的手機、短信等高科技產(chǎn)品對人們生活的影響。

16.B。綜合推斷題。本文敘述的是現(xiàn)代科技讓人們更孤獨等不良影響。17.C.細節(jié)推理題?，F(xiàn)代科技讓人們面對面交談變得困難。

18.D.細節(jié)推理題。從文章的一開始，當作者和朋友談話時被手機打斷讓人尷尬。19.B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第二段，現(xiàn)代科技讓人們越來越遠。20.A。細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段判斷推理。

第五篇：2017年高考英語閱讀理解訓練2

2017年高考英語沖刺訓練

閱讀理解專練2

A

World leaders from nearly 200 countries have signed an important historic agreement to fight global climate change.The agreement came after two weeks of talks between the leaders at the 21st Conference in Paris, France.As part of the Paris agreement，countries said they would cut down on pollution However，according to the terms of the deal，countries that don’t do this will not be punished，or fined.Instead，the document is meant to show that governments around the world take climate change seriously and are willing to work together to fight global warming.World leaders have met many times to discuss climate change.But，the 21st Conference of Parties, or COP21, which began on November 30 in Paris，was the first time they agreed on a global, legal pact(協(xié)定).Before the conference, each nation was asked to create plans on how to reach the shared goal.The pact that was signed allows countries to decide the best way to cut down their gas pollution.No matter how they decide to go green, each country must report honestly on all of their efforts.Every five years, nations must look at the work they’ve done and submit new plans on how they will improve over the next five years.In the pact, the countries pledge to limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity to the levels that trees，soil and oceans can absorb naturally.It urges countries to spend trillions of dollars on creating new energy sources, like solar and wind power.It also requires countries to raise at least $ 100 billion each year to help developing countries.However, critics of the pact say it is not detailed enough, and doesn’t include specifics about how the plan will be enforced and how improvements will be measured.The pact does include one large, specific goal: how countries will aim to keep global temperatures from rising more than 3.60℉(20℃)by 2100.Nonetheless，the agreement is considered by many world leaders to be a major victory.The U.N.has been working more than two decades to convince governments to work together to reduce man-made emissions.“History will remember this day,” U.N.Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said.“The Paris agreement on climate change is a monumental success for the planet and its people.” 1． When was the legal pact probably passed?

A.On November 30.B.On December 4.C.On December 8.D.On December 12.2． According to the agreement, countries________.A.have to give a yearly report about their work B.will be published if they fail to reduce pollution C.are required to ensure investment in fighting pollution D.should try to reach the agreed standard in five years 3． What is each country required to do before the Paris conference?

A.Provide a work plan.B.Give an oral explanation.C.Provide a large amount of money.D.Give a written assessment.4． The pact is thought to be imperfect because_______.A.it doesn’t consider developing countries B.it is not detailed enough

C.it is not attractive to all countries

D.it only benefits some countries

B

If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card(住宿登記卡)to the waiter.With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(價錢).From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相應(yīng)地).With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”.But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business;not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 1.While taking a taxi in Finland，.A.a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B.a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride

C.a passenger can never be refused by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go

D.a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration(證明)before leaving without paying 2.We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland

.A.are mostly poorly managed

B.provide meals for any diners

C.provide free wine and charge for food

D.provide meal for only those who live in the hotels

3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.The workers in Finland are paid by the hour.B.The workers are always honest with their working hours.C.The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay.D.The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees.4.The word “those” in the last but one paragraph probably refers to

.A.people who are dishonest

B.people who often have meals in big hotels C.people who often take taxis

D.people who are worthy of trust

C A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of（證明有……罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.Luz, who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road, Cambridge, admitted stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street, London, on March 9.Phillip Lemoyne, prosecuting(起訴), said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies’ toilet in the store.When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected, having taken off the anti-theft security alarms.She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying, Mr.Lemoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.Luz, 28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October, but Morag Duff, defending, said she had never been in trouble with the police before that.“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said.“She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store.She is at a loss to explain it.She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady.She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.” Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡50, and warned: “You’ve got a criminal record.If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison, which will ruin your bright future you may have.” Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain, went on to a famous university in Berlin, Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University, UK.1．What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?

A．In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.B．She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.C．She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.D．Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.2．Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “shoplifting” used in the passage?

A．Carrying goods in a lift for a shop.B．Taking goods to the ladies’ toilet.C．Selecting some goods from a display.D．Taking goods from a shop without paying.3．From the passage we can learn that ________.A．Ana Luz is already got her PhD at Cambridge University, UK B．Ana Luz is ashamed and embarrassed and knows why she often did so C．the university graduate will be put in prison if she steals in shops once more D．Phillip Lemoyne is the “respectable and intelligent” woman’s defense lawyer 4．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Shoplifting Shame of a PhD Student

B．Apologizing for the Actions in Shops C．Seeking Professional Help from Experts D．Controlling the Desire to Steal from Shops

D

How I Turned to Be Optimistic

I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house，and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America.We were on the bus then.I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me.I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio programs for school children to which I listened every morning.I do not remember myself crying for this reason again.In fact，I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives.When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once.For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves.I did not quite know what I was or what I should be.Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me.Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times”．

My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home.I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.From my experiences I have learned one important rule：almost all common troubles eventually go away!Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up，and just wait a little！I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.1．How did the author get to know America before she went there?

A．From her relatives.B．From her mother.C．From books and pictures.D．From radio programs.2．Upon leaving for America the author felt ____.A．confused

B．excited

C．frightened

D．a(chǎn)mazed

3．For the first two years in New York，the author ____.A．often lost her way

B．did not think about her future

C．studied in three different schools

D．got on well with her stepfather

4．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4?

A．She worked as a translator.B．She attended a lot of job interviews.C．She paid telephone bills for her family.D．She helped her family with her English.2017年高考英語沖刺訓練 閱讀理解專練2·答案與解析

A篇

本文是新聞報道,在聯(lián)合國多年的努力下,全世界將近200個國家共同簽署了具有歷史意義的協(xié)議,共同對抗日益嚴重的全球變暖問題。

1．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段 The agreement came after two weeks of talks between the leaders at the 21st Conference in Paris, France.和第三段 which began on November 30 in Paris,判斷應(yīng)選 D。

2．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段It urges countries to spend trillions of dollars on creating new energy sources, like solar and wind power.tt also requires countries to raise at least $ 100 billion each year to help developing countries.國家必須確保打擊污染的投資。故選 C。3．A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 Before the conference, each nation was asked to create plans on how to reach the shared goal.可知提供一個工作計劃。故選 A。

4．B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段 However, critics of the pact say it is not detailed enough, and doesn’t include specifics about how the plan will be enforced and how improvements will be measured.可知它不夠詳細。故選 B。

B篇

芬蘭的生活中有很多漏洞，但是芬蘭人很誠實，如他們在按小時算工資時不會多算。

1.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare.可知，司機不會拒絕乘客去他們想去的地方。所以選C。

2.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free可知，大的旅館給居住在旅店的人提供免費的食物。

3.D【解析】推理判斷題。they are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(價錢).From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相應(yīng)地).可知，芬蘭人是自己上報自己工作的時日，而不是因為老板太忙沒時間檢查。4.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”.可知，由于生活中的漏洞，使得那些不誠實的人感覺到了天堂。所以這里those指的是那些不誠實的人。所以選A。

C篇

本文敘述的是一個博士生偷東西的事情。

1.B 【解析】推理題。從文章第八段的句子：but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this推斷，她不知道怎么解釋。故選B。

2.D 【解析】推理題。從文章第五段的句子：She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying可知，shoplifting是指拿了東西沒付錢，就是順手牽羊。故選D。3.C【解析】推理題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子：Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡ 50, and warned : “You’ve got a criminal record.If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your bright future you may have可知，再有一次這樣的行為，就會被送進監(jiān)獄。故選C。

4.A 【解析】主旨題。文章的標題是文章的中心思想的濃縮，要抓住人和事，本文講述的是一個博士生偷東西的事情。故A項適合作文章標題。

D篇

本文敘述的是作者搬到美國之后，生活的磨礪讓作者從一個悲觀失望的人變成了一個積極樂觀的人。

1.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.可知，在她去美國之前她是從書本和圖片里了解美國的，故答案為C。

2.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩行I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.可知，作者離開的時候感受到的不是困惑和擔憂，而是興奮。故選B。

3.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves.可知，作者在頭兩年在三個不同的學校學習。故選C。4.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home.可知，我的英語是家里最好的，所以我經(jīng)常用我的英語來幫助家人，故D正確。