第一篇：設計說明書封面

畢業(yè)設計說明書

題目 : 家庭裝修與展示三維仿真

—— 子題目

學院 : 計算機與軟件工程學院 年級專業(yè) : 20 級計算機科學與技術 姓名 : 學號 : 指導教師 : 完成時間 : 20 年 月 日

第二篇：說明書封面

計 算 機 輔 助 設 計

課程設計說明書

班級：姓名： 學號： 序號：指導教師：

目錄 1.課設說明書 1.1 …… 2.圖紙 2.1 底層平面圖 ……

第三篇：機械原理課程設計說明書封面

機械原理課程設計

設計計算說明書

設計題目: _______________________

_______________________

院系：___________________ 專業(yè)：___________________ 姓名：___________________ 指導教師：___________________

年月日

鄭州大學

第四篇：設計說明書格式

設計說明書怎么寫/r/n

一、寫出你所做設計的工程概況(工程類型，面積，空間功能要求等)和業(yè)主的設計要求;/r/n

二、設計理念(風格等)和設計目標(你所想達到的空間視覺效果等等);/r/n

三、規(guī)劃及設計方法(按空間結構，功能或者區(qū)域劃分來分層寫);/r/n

四、環(huán)境，照明，通風等一些其他問題的設計(按情況可寫可不寫);/r/n

五、設計總結。/r/n

(PS：我大學時候每次做方案老師要求寫設計說明我都是這樣的步驟，一般來說應該不會錯。希望能幫到你!)/r/n

其實就像是在和客戶交流思想，你用什么色調，什么模式，風格又是什么樣子的，每個地方的設計理念和設計的合理化都要一一說明，用語言把你做出來的圖表描述出來，讓不懂和不理解的人一看就知道你要說明的是什么了。/r/n

比如一個現代風格的簡約裝飾最簡單的說明：/r/n

我的設計理念：/r/n

(自己的評價)簡約大方，時尚而不缺乏美感，用最簡單的造型表達出最美的效果，又不缺乏實用性。/r/n

首先-客廳：/r/n

(你要對客廳進一步的描述)白色為主色調，用橙色烤漆玻璃做背景，給人一種溫馨舒適的感覺，在冬天里橙色是給人很溫暖的色系之一。在用墨灰色做墻面壁紙，給人一種很柔軟舒適的空間，灰色給人平穩(wěn)安靜的感覺，讓你感覺不到特別跳躍的動態(tài)空間。主要分為橙色、墨灰色、白色，三大色系。/r/n

在加一簡約的家具，布藝沙發(fā)為主。絨織地毯最好，因為柔軟質地也好，檔次也高。/r/n

此設計適合時尚白領家居風格… …/r/n

(你明白我的意思了沒有?主要就是要把你的設計用專業(yè)和非專業(yè)的語言表達出來，進行描述，讓人能明白你為什么要這樣的設計，你就按照我和你說的思路你就知道怎么寫了，非常的簡單，等你以后工作上幾年這些問題就太簡單了。)/r/n

【相關文章】室內設計說明范文/r/n

本案為三房二廳二衛(wèi)一廚的多層住宅.室內使用面積為117.1m2.環(huán)境優(yōu)美,為一四口之家為依據進行設計,突出溫馨且不失時尚之感。本案設計師以簡潔明快的設計風格為主調,全面考慮,在總體布局方面,盡量滿足四口之家生活上的需求,主要裝修材料為紅杉木為裝飾飾面,以紅杉木優(yōu)美含蓄的線條裝飾玄關及各種景點,創(chuàng)造一個溫馨,健康的現代家庭環(huán)境.環(huán)境室內設計區(qū)別于簡單的裝飾設計就在于環(huán)境藝術設計是從全局出發(fā),而不僅僅著眼某一點或某一個墻面的裝飾.利求達到統(tǒng)一中帶有變化，和諧中產生對比的要求。/r/n

首先在功能方面,要充分滿足業(yè)主的生活要求,客廳是交友娛樂中心,影視墻采用墻面暗藏燈帶，中間墻采用高級壁紙飾面，既大方又有氣派，背景左側則采用冰裂玻璃及水曲柳白漆作為特別裝飾，附以黑白根云石加以點綴。形成一個具有特色的小品。/r/n

玄關設計成新月形，裂紋玻璃與杉木臺座相配合，顯得十分優(yōu)雅時尚。設計要超前，本居室在餐具和次臥室均采用溢晶電視，安裝高度為1.3m左右。正好是坐在餐椅上人的視線高度。在餐廳和客廳之間的墻面做一個景點，用清玻璃分四層布置，玻璃板的最上方設置冷光射燈直通每層玻璃層板，玻璃板上放置些工藝美術品，異常耀眼奪目。/r/n

室內設計說明/r/n

豐華家園位于江灣位于華嚴路138弄3號1201 室,為一三房二廳二衛(wèi)一廚的多層住宅.室內使用面積為109.58m2.交通方便,環(huán)境優(yōu)美,業(yè)主為一大學教師,一家三口,女兒在某大學就讀,本案設計師以簡潔明快的設計風格為主調,全面考慮,在總體布局方面,盡量滿足業(yè)主生活上的需求,主要裝修材料為胡桃木,以胡桃木優(yōu)美含蓄的線條裝飾玄關及各種景點,創(chuàng)造一個溫馨,健康的現代家庭環(huán)境.環(huán)境室內設計區(qū)別于簡單的裝飾設計就在于環(huán)境藝術設計是從全局出發(fā),而不僅僅著眼某一點或某一個墻面的裝飾./r/n

首先在功能方面,要充分滿足業(yè)主的生活要求,客廳是交友娛樂中心,影視墻左右兩邊采用石膏板墻暗藏燈帶，中間墻用真石漆噴涂，既大方又有氣派，客廳墻面色彩為米黃色，屬暖色調。在入口處設計玄關，/r/n

玄關設計成新月形，裂紋玻璃與黑胡桃木臺座相配合，顯得十分優(yōu)雅時尚。設計要超前，本居室在餐具和次臥室均采用溢晶電視，安裝高度為1.3m左右。正好是坐在餐椅上人的視線高度。在餐廳和客廳之間的墻面做一個景點，(詳見施工圖)，設計了四個50*180 到頂的黑胡木柱，用清玻璃分四層布置，玻璃板的最上方設置冷光射燈直通每層玻璃層板，玻璃板上放置些工藝美術品，異常耀眼奪目。廚房衛(wèi)生間均按現代，舒適，衛(wèi)生，環(huán)保標準進行設計。/r/n

整體的設計風格簡單明快，屬于簡約大方型設計。這種設計的好處是用時少，經濟實用，美觀大方，溫馨典雅。/r/n

該戶型客廳地板采用米白人造大理石，既大氣又容易清洗。最大的優(yōu)點是，人造大理石價格便宜，對于現在供房供車的現代白領是最好的選擇，而且大理石地面會在視覺上夸大客廳面積，使本來不大的空間得到延伸和擴展。選擇米白色布藝沙發(fā)，與米白色的地板相呼應。淺色系是年輕人的最愛，能彰顯氣質和視覺美感。給人眼前一亮的感覺。電視背景墻可采用復古仿專型壁紙，既典雅又經濟。而且可以在實用一段時間后進行更換，方便，實惠。/r/n

吊頂為一級直線吊頂。這種吊頂的好處是增大空間感，內置多個筒燈滿足不同光線的需要。中間設計一個水晶的實用大吊燈，給人一種高貴溫馨的感覺。主臥地板采用實木木地板。冬暖夏涼，也有隔音性能。主臥的飄窗可以擺設一些布藝制品或者抱枕等飾品，是臥室更加精致溫馨。/r/n

簡約大方，時尚而不缺乏美感，用最簡單的造型表達出最美的效果，又不缺乏實用性。/r/n

首先-客廳：/r/n

(你要對客廳進一步的描述)白色為主色調，用橙色烤漆玻璃做背景，給人一種溫馨舒適的感覺，在冬天/r/n

里橙色是給人很溫暖的色系之一。在用墨灰色做墻面壁紙，給人一種很柔軟舒適的空間，灰色給人平穩(wěn)安/r/n

靜的感覺，讓你感覺不到特別跳躍的動態(tài)空間。/r/n

主要分為橙色、墨灰色、白色，三大色系。/r/n

在加一簡約的家具，布藝沙發(fā)為主。絨織地毯最好，因為柔軟質地也好，檔次也高。

第五篇：設計說明書

I 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

摘要

換熱器在石油化工行業(yè)中有著廣泛的應用，本次設計針對水的冷卻問題，工藝和操作的要求、經濟上的要求、保證安全生產。由所給的設計條件，我們選取了水冷卻器，并根據《化工工藝設計手冊》、GB150-98和GB151-99等設計標準對冷卻器進行了工藝計算和結構設計，進一步確定了冷卻器的各種尺寸，并用CAD軟件繪制了冷卻器的裝配圖和零件圖。

設計出來的流程和設備首先要保證質量，操作穩(wěn)定，這就必須配置必要的閥門和計量儀表等，并自確定方案時，考慮到各種流體的流量，溫度和壓強變化使采取什么措施來調節(jié)，而在設備發(fā)生故障時，加修應方便。在確定某些操作指標和治標和選定設備型式以及儀表配置時，要有經濟核算的觀點，既滿足工藝和操作要求，又使施工簡便，材料來源容易，造價低廉。如果有廢熱可以利用，要盡量節(jié)省熱能，充分利用，或者采取適當的措施達到降低成本的目的。在工藝流程和操作中若有爆炸、燃燒、中毒、燙傷等危險性，就要考慮必要的安全措施。

關鍵詞：換熱器；結構設計；工藝設計；GB150-98；GB151-99

II 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

Abstract Heat exchangers in the petrochemical industry has a wide range of applications, this design for water cooling, process and operational requirements, economic requirements, to ensure safe production.Given by the design conditions, we selected water cooler, and under “Chemical Process Design Manual”, GB150-98 and GB151-99 and other design criteria of the cooler to the process calculation and structural design, further defined the cooler various sizes and uses CAD software to draw the cooler assembly drawings and parts drawing.Processes and equipment designed first to ensure the quality, stable operation, which must configure the necessary valves and measurement instruments and so on, and since established programs, taking into account fluid flow, temperature and pressure changes so that the measures taken to regulation, and in equipment failure, plus repair should be easy.In determining the indicators and symptoms of certain operations and the selection of equipment type, and instrument configuration, there must be economic accounting point of view, not only meet the technological and operational requirements, and also allows easy construction, easy sources of material, low cost.If waste heat can be used to try to save energy, make full use of, or take appropriate measures to reduce costs.If in the process and operators in the explosion, burning, poisoning, burns and other dangers, we must consider the necessary security Key Words：Heat exchangers；Structural Design；Process Design；GB150-98；GB151-99

II

III 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

目錄

摘要 ·········································································································································· I Abstract ··································································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。第1章

緒論 ······················································································································· I

1.1綜述 ··································································································································· I

1.1.1簡述 ···························································································································· I 1.1.2固定管板式換熱器 ··································································································· I

1.2發(fā)展歷史 ························································································································ II 1.3換熱機組的構造 ········································································································ IV 1.4換熱器常見問題及處理 ························································································· IV

第2章

結構設計 ··································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。

2.1 管箱設計 ···················································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。

2.1.1 管箱短節(jié) ·············································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.1.2 分程隔板 ············································································ 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.1.3 管箱深度 ············································································ 錯誤！未定義書簽。

2.2

封頭設計 ··············································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。

2.2.1 受內壓封頭計算 ································································ 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.2.2 受外壓封頭計算 ································································ 錯誤！未定義書簽。

2.3

圓筒設計 ············································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.4

管板設計 ··············································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。

IV 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

2.5 拉桿和定距管的確定 ························································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.6

折流板設計··········································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.7 旁路擋板設計 ········································································ 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.8 容器法蘭的設計 ··································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。2.9 選取支座 ·················································································· 錯誤！未定義書簽。

第3章

強度校核 ······························································································· V

3.1 前端管箱筒體計算 ································································································ V

3.1.1 計算條件 ·············································································································· V 3.1.2 厚度及重量計算 ···································································································· V 3.1.3 壓力實驗時應力校核 ··························································································· VI 3.1.4 壓力及應力計算 ··································································································· VI

3.2 前端管箱封頭計算 ······························································································· VI

3.2.1 計算條件 ············································································································· VI 3.2.2 厚度及重量計算 ································································································ VII 3.2.3 壓力計算 ············································································································ VII

3.3

殼程筒體計算 ······································································································ VII

3.3.1 計算條件 ············································································································ VII 3.3.2 厚度及重量計算 ······························································································ VIII 3.3.3 壓力試驗時應力校核 ······················································································ VIII 3.3.4 壓力及應力計算 ································································································· IX

3.4 開孔補強計算 ········································································································· IX

3.4.1 計算條件 ············································································································· IX 3.4.2 開孔補強計算 ······································································································ X 3.4.3設計條件 ················································································································ XI 3.4.4 開孔補強計算 ····································································································· XI 3.4.5

設計條件 ·········································································································· XII

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3.4.6 開孔補強計算 ·································································································· XIII

3.5 延長部分兼作法蘭固定管板式管板 ·························································· XIV

3.5.1 設計計算條件 ·································································································· XIV

3.5.2 僅有殼程壓力作用

Ps下的危險組合工況（Pt?0）··································· XX

PP?03.5.3 僅有殼程壓力作用t下的危險組合工況（s）······························· XXVI

第4章

換熱器的制造、檢驗、安裝與維修 ·························· XXXII

4.1 換熱器的制造、檢驗與安裝 ······································································· XXXII

4.1.1筒體 ·················································································································· XXXII 4.1.2 換熱管 ············································································································· XXXII 4.1.3 管板 ················································································································· XXXII 4.1.4折流板、支持板 ··························································································· XXXIII 4.1.5管束的安裝 ··································································································· XXXIII 4.1.6換熱器的組裝 ······························································································· XXXIII 4.1.7壓力試驗 ······································································································· XXXIII

4.2換熱器的安裝、試車和維護 ······································································ XXXIII

4.2.1安裝 ················································································································ XXXIII 4.2.2試車 ················································································································ XXXIV 4.2.3維護 ················································································································ XXXIV

結 論 ························································································································· XXXV 參考文獻 ······················································································································· XXXVI 致謝 ··································································································································· XXXVII

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一次稱為一個殼程。為提高管內流體的速度,可在兩端封頭內設置適當隔板,將全部管子平均分隔成若干組。這樣,流體可每次只通過部分管子而往返管束多次,稱為多管程。同樣,為提高管外流速,可在殼體內安裝縱向檔板使流體多次通過殼體空間,稱多殼程。在管殼式換熱器內,由于管內外流體溫度不同,殼體和管束的溫度也不同。如兩者溫差很大, 換熱器內部將出現很大的熱應力,可能使管子彎曲,斷裂或從管板上松脫。因此,當管束和殼體溫度差超過50℃時,應采取適當的溫差補償措施,消除或減小熱應力。

1.2發(fā)展歷史

二十世紀20年代出現板式換熱器，并應用于食品工業(yè)。以板代管制成的換熱器，結構緊湊，傳熱效果好，因此陸續(xù)發(fā)展為多種形式。30年代初，瑞典首次制成螺旋板換熱器。接著英國用釬焊法制造出一種由銅及其合金材料制成的

III 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

在完成同樣傳熱量的條件下，采用逆流可使平均溫差增大，換熱器的傳熱面積減??；若傳熱面積不變，采用逆流時可使加熱或冷卻流體的消耗量降低。前者可節(jié)省設備費，后者可節(jié)省操作費，故在設計或生產使用中應盡量采用逆流換熱。

當冷、熱流體兩者或其中一種有物相變化(沸騰或冷凝)時，由于相變時只放出或吸收汽化潛熱，流體本身的溫度并無變化，因此流體的進出口溫度相等，這時兩流體的溫差就與流體的流向選擇無關了。除順流和逆流這兩種流向外，還有錯流和折流等流向。

在傳熱過程中，降低間壁式換熱器中的熱阻，以提高傳熱系數是一個重要的問題。熱阻主要來源于間壁兩側粘滯于傳熱面上的流體薄層(稱為邊界層)，和換熱器使用中在壁兩側形成的污垢層，金屬壁的熱阻相對較小。

增加流體的流速和擾動性，可減薄邊界層，降低熱阻提高給熱系數。但增加流體流速會使能量消耗增加，故設計時應在減小熱阻和降低能耗之間作合理的協(xié)調。為了降低污垢的熱阻，可設法延緩污垢的形成，并定期清洗傳熱面。

一般換熱器都用金屬材料制成，其中碳素鋼和低合金鋼大多用于制造中、低壓換熱器；不銹鋼除主要用于不同的耐腐蝕條件外，奧氏體不銹鋼還可作為耐高、低溫的材料；銅、鋁及其合金多用于制造低溫換熱器；鎳合金則用于高溫條件下；非金屬材料除制作墊片零件外，有些已開始用于制作非金屬材料的耐蝕換熱器，如石墨換熱器、氟塑料換熱器和玻璃換熱器等。

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VI 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

有效厚度：?e??n?C1?C2?12?2?10mm

2.1.3 壓力實驗時應力校核 壓力試驗類型：液壓試驗 試驗壓力值：PT?1.25p[?]170?1.25?0.5??0.625MPa [?]t170壓力試驗允許通過的應力水平[?]T:[?]T?0.90?S??0.90?0.85?275?244.80MPa 試驗壓力下圓筒的應力：?T?PT(Di??e)0.625?(800?10)??25.31MPa

2?e2?10應為?T?[?]T所以校核結果合格 2.1.4 壓力及應力計算

2?e[?]t?2?10?147?0.85??3.42MPa 最大允許工作壓力：[PW]?(Di??e)(800?10)t設計溫度下 計算應力：??Pc(Di??e)0.5?(800?10)??20.25MPa

2?e2?10[?]t??147?0.85?138.55MPa

應為[?]t???t 結論：筒體名義厚度大于或等于GB151中規(guī)定的最小厚度12.00mm,合格

2.2 前端管箱封頭計算

2.2.1 計算條件

計算壓力：Pc?0.50MPa

VII 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

設計溫度：t=110.00?C 內徑：Di?800.00mm 曲面高度：hi?200.00mm 材料：Q345R板材

實驗溫度許用應力[?]=170.00MPa 設計溫度許用應力[?]=170.00MPa 鋼板負偏差C1=0.30mm 腐蝕余量C2?2.00mm 焊接接頭系數：??0.85 2.2.2 厚度及重量計算

t1??Di??形狀系數：k??2???6??2hi???計算厚度：??2?1??800?2????2?????1.0000

6????2?400????kP1?0.5?800cDi??1.25mm t2[?]??0.5Pc2?189?0.85?0.5?0.512.00mm 名義厚度：?n?C1?C2???3.55圓整后為4，可取名義厚度為有效厚度：?e??n?C1?C2?12?0.3?2?9.70mm 結論：此厚度滿足最小厚度要求 2.2.3 壓力計算

2[?]t??e2?189?0.85?9.7]???3.87229MPa 最大允許工作壓力：[PWkDi?0.5?e1?800?0.5?9.7結論：合格

2.3 殼程筒體計算

2.3.1 計算條件 計算壓力：Pc?0.4MPa

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接管腐蝕裕量：1mm 接管厚度負偏差：Clt?0.875mm 接管材料許用應力：[?]=140.0MPa

t2.4.2 開孔補強計算 殼體計算厚度：??PcDi0.4?800??1.35mm

2[?]t??Pc2?140?0.85?0.4PcDi0.4?18??0.308mm t2[?]??Pc2?140?1?0.4接管計算厚度：?t?[?]t140??1 接管材料強度消弱系數：fr?r[?]140開孔直徑：d?di?2C?18?2?3?24mm

d=123

A?d??2??et(1?fr)?24?1.35?0?32.4mm2

殼體多余金屬面積：

A1?(B?d)(?e??)?2?et(?e??)(1?fr)

?(55?24)?(8.5?1.35)?0?221.65mm2

接管多余金屬面積：

XI 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

A2?2h1(?et??t)fr?2h2(?et?C2)fr

?2?9.17?(0.5?0.026)?1?0?8.69mm2 補強區(qū)焊縫面積（焊腳取8.0mm）

1A3?2??7?7?49mm2

2由于A1+A2+A3=279.34mm2＞Ａ＝32.4mm2 所以不需要另加補強。接管：B ?45?4 2.4.3設計條件

接管實際外伸長度：156mm 接管實際內伸度：0mm 接管焊接接頭系數：1 接管厚度負偏差：Clt?1mm 接管材料許用應力：[?]=130.0MPa

t2.4.4 開孔補強計算 殼體計算厚度：??PcDi0.4?800??1.35mm t2[?]??Pc2?140?0.85?0.4PcDi0.4?37??0.331mm

2[?]t??Pc2?140?1?0.4接管計算厚度：?t?[?]t140??1 接管材料強度消弱系數：fr?[?]r140開孔直徑：d?di?2C?37?6?43mm 補強區(qū)有效寬度：B=2d=2?43=86mm 接管有效外伸長度：h1?d?nt?43?4?13.11mm 接管有效內伸長度：h2?0mm 開孔消弱所需的補強面積：

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所以不需要另加補強。

2.5 延長部分兼作法蘭固定管板式管板

2.5.1 設計計算條件 1.殼程圓筒：

設計壓力：PS?0.4MPa 設計溫度：TS?1500C平均金屬溫度：ts?150oC 裝配溫度：t0?15OC 材料名稱：Q345R 設計溫度下許用應力：[?]=140MPa

t平均金屬溫度下彈性模量：ES?2.06?105MPa平均金屬溫度下熱膨脹系數：?s?1.18?105MPa 殼程圓筒內直徑：Di?800mm 殼程圓筒名義厚度：?s?12mm 殼程圓筒有效厚度：?se?8.5mm

殼體法蘭設計溫度下彈性模量：E'f?1.992?105MPa

殼程圓筒內直徑橫截積：A?0.25?Di2?0.25?3.14?8002?50.24?104mm2 殼程圓筒金屬橫截面積：

AS???S(Di??s)?3.14?12?(800?12)?0.30596?105mm2

2.管箱圓筒：

XV 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

設計壓力：Pt?0.5MPa 設計溫度：TS?110OC 材料名稱：16Mn 設計溫度下彈性模量：En?1.992?105MPa 殼程圓筒名義厚度：?h?12mm 殼程圓筒有效厚度：?he?10mm

管箱法蘭設計溫度下彈性模量：E'“f?1.992?105MPa 3.換熱管：

材料名稱：20（GBT8163）管子平均溫度：tt?110OC

設計溫度下管子材料許用應力：[?]tt=132MPa 設計溫度下管子材料屈服應力：?st?245MPa 設計溫度下管子材料彈性模量：?n?1.884?105MPa平均金屬溫度下管子材料彈性模量：Et?1.903?105MPa

平均金屬溫度下管子材料熱膨脹系數：?t?1.166?10?5mm/mm0C 管子外徑：d=25 mm 管子壁厚：?t?2.5mm 管子根數：n=453 換熱管中心距：S=32mm 一根管子金屬橫截面積：a???t(d??t)?3.14?2.5?(25?2.5)?176.625mm2 換熱管長度：L=3000mm 管子有效長度：L=3000mm 管束模數：Ke?7680MPa

管子回轉半徑：i?0.25d2?(d?2?t)2?0.25252?(25?2?2.5)2?8.004mm

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”1?2Efbf“kf??12?Di?bf??2?”?f?D?i3??“??Eh??????3?1?2?2.06?105?32?2?14?5?????2.09?10?0.0005254? 12?800?32800??????7MPa6.殼體法蘭： 材料名稱：20II 管箱法蘭厚度：?'f?20mm 法蘭外徑：Df?240mm

法蘭寬度：bf?(Df?Di)/2?(240?20)/2?110mm 比值：?s/Di?5/800?0.006 比值：?'f/Di?20/800?0.025

系數C':按?s/Di，?'f/Di，查GB151-1999圖25得C”=0.00 系數?“：按?s/Di，?'f/Di，查GB151-1999圖26得?”=0.0003108 旋轉剛度：

?2E“b1ffk”f??12?Di?bf??2?“?f?D?i3??”??Eh??????3?1?2?2.06?105?110?2?20?5?????2.09?10?0.0003108? 12?800?110800??????6MPa

XIX 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

7.系數計算：

法蘭外徑與內徑之比：K?DfDi'?240/135?1.78

殼體法蘭應力系數Y:按k查GB150-1998表9-5得k=20.81

~?kf3.14?6??0.0006133 選擇剛度無量綱參數：kf?4kt4?7680~管板第一彎矩系數：按k, kf查GB151-1999圖27得m1?0.01

m0.01?9.16 系數：??~1?kkf1.78?0.0006133按kt,kf查GB151-1998圖29得G2?5.0141 換熱管束與不帶膨脹節(jié)殼剛度之比：

Etna2.06?105?453?176.625Q???6.35

ESAS2.06?105?1.26?104管板第二彎矩系數：按K,Q查GB151-1999圖28（a）得m2?4 系數：M1?m10.01??0.000247

2k(Q?G2)2?1.78?(6.35?5.0141)系數：按K,Q查圖30得G3?0.002206 法蘭力矩折減系數：??~kf0.0006133??0.2175 ~(kf?G3)0.0006133?0.0022062.865?2.865~~法蘭力矩變化系數：?Mf??Mkf/k“f??0.7963

10~?M?其中11??1.223 '6k??”f0.2175?10kf8.管板系數：

管板開孔后面積：A1?A?0.25n?d2

= 5.024?105?0.25?453?3.14?252?2.802?105mm2 管板布管區(qū)面積：At?ns2?Ad?453?322?7.325?105?2.871?105mm2

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XXII 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

1(1?V)G11(1?1.0233)?0.9~??0.04006 不計溫差應力時：?r?4(Q?G2)4?6.35?5.0141?~?1(1?V)G1?1(1?0.2683)?2.9?0.04668 計溫差應力時 ：?r4(Q?G2)4?6.35?5.0141?11.管板布管區(qū)周邊處徑向應力系數：

~'?不計溫差應力時：?r3(1?V)m3(1?1.0233)?0.20725??0.0055

4(Q?G2)k4(6.35?5.0141)?5.07~'?3(1?V)m?3(1?0.2683)?1.4531?0.01384 計溫差應力時 ：?r4(Q?G2)k4(6.35?5.0141)?5.0712.管板布管區(qū)處剪切應力系數：

~?不計溫差應力時：?p1(1?V)11?1.0233??0.0445

4(Q?G2)46.35?5.0141~?1(1?V)?11?0.2683?0.0161 計溫差應力時 ：?p4(Q?G2)46.35?5.014113.殼體法蘭力矩系數：

不計溫差應力時： ~~Mws??Mm??MfM1?0.2175?0.1099?0.7963?0.000247?0.023707 ??計溫差應力時： ~~Mws??Mm??MfM1?0.2175?(?0.0311)?0.7963?0.000247??0.006961 ??14.管板徑向應力： 不計溫差應力時：

Di?0.5715?800?~P??計算值：?r???0.04006?3.2468???????51.62MPa ra????0.448??許用值：1.5[?]tr?1.5?189?283.5MPa

22XXIII 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

計溫差應力時：

Di?0.5715?800?~P???r???0.04668?(?11.479)???????212.7MPa ra????0.4?48?許用值：3[?]tr?3?189?567MPa 15.管板布管區(qū)周邊徑向應力： 不計溫差應力時： 計算值：

?Pa??'?Di??kk2'?r??r???1??(2?m)??????m2m?3.2468?0.5715?800???0.0055???0.448???3.64MPa2222?5.075.072??1?0.207252?0.20725???2?0.20725?

??許用值：1.5[?]tr?1.5?189?283.5MPa 計溫差應力時： 計算值：

P???D??r'?a?r'?i?????2?kk2?1??(2?m)???m2m?2(?11.479)?0.5715?800???(0.01384)???0.4?48???0.1628MPa?5.075.072??1???1.45312???1.4531???2?1.4531?

??許用值：3[?]tr?3?189?567MPa 16.管板布管區(qū)周邊剪切應力系數： 計算值：?p?Pa?~Dt3.2468?0.5715715.36?p??0.0445??3.08MPa ??0.448許用值：0.5[?]tr?0.5?189?94.5MPa 計算值：?p?XXIII Pa?~Dt?11.479?0.5715715.36?p??0.0161???3.56MPa ??0.448-4

XXVI 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

許用值：3[q]?3?64.3?192.9MPa（焊接）

2.5.3 僅有殼程壓力作用Pt下的危險組合工況（Ps?0）1.換熱管與殼程圓筒熱膨脹變形差： 不計溫差應力時：0.0 計溫差應力時：r??t(tt?t0)??s(ts?t0)?1.166?10?5(118?15)?1.18?10?5?(138?15)??0.0002503

2.當量壓力組合：

不計溫差應力時：Pc??Pt(1??)??0.4(1?0.2856)??0.51424MPa 計溫差應力時：Pc??Pt(1??)??0.4(1?0.2856)??0.51424MPa 3.有效壓力組合： 不計溫差應力時：

Pa??tpt???Et?12.675?0.4?0.2856?0?2.06?105?5.070096

計溫差應力時 ：

Pa??tpt???Et?12.675?0.4?0.2856?(?0.0002503)?2.06?105?5.0699

4.基本法蘭力矩系數：

4Mm4?7.42?107??0.0637 不計溫差應力時：Mp?33??Dipa0.5715?3.14?800?5.0700964Mm4?7.42?107??0.0637 計溫差應力時 ：Mp???Di3pa0.5715?3.14?8003?5.06995.管板邊緣力矩系數：

~~不計溫差應力時：M?Mp?0.0637

XXVII 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

~~計溫差應力時 ：M?Mp?0.0637

6.管板邊緣剪力系數：

~不計溫差應力時：V??M?9.16?0.0637?0.583492 ~計溫差應力時 ：V??M?9.16?0.0637?0.583492

7.管板總彎矩系數： 不計溫差應力時：m?m1?m2V0.01?4?0.583492??1.4803

1?V1?0.583492計溫差應力時 ：m?m1?m2V0.01?4?0.583492??1.4803

1?V1?0.5834928.系數G1e僅用于m>0時G1e?3m?/k：

不計溫差應力時：G1e?3m?/k?3?1.4803?0.4/5.07?0.3504 計溫差應力時 ：G1e?3m?/k?3?1.4803?0.4/5.07?0.3504 9.當m>0時,由GB151-1999.按k和m查圖31（b）得: 不計溫差應力時：m>0時,G1?0.3504 計溫差應力時 ：m>0時, G1?0.3504 10.管板徑向應力系數：

1(1?V)G11(1?0.583492)?0.3504~??0.012206 不計溫差應力時：?r?4(Q?G2)46.35?5.0141~?1(1?V)G1?1(1?0.583492)?0.3504?0.012206 計溫差應力時 ：?r4(Q?G2)46.35?5.014111.管板布管區(qū)周邊處徑向應力系數：

~'?不計溫差應力時：?r3(1?V)m3(1?0.583492)?1.4803??0.0305

4(Q?G2)k4(6.35?5.0141)?5.07~'?3(1?V)m?3(1?0.583492)?1.4803?0.0305 計溫差應力時 ：?r4(Q?G2)k4(6.35?5.0141)?5.0712.管板布管區(qū)處剪切應力系數：

XXVII

XXX 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

?Di?~'?f??MwsPa????'4?f????23.14?800???16.74?0.023707?5.070096?0.5715??? 4?20??14.44MPa2許用值：1.5[?]tr?1.5?132?198MPa 計溫差應力時： 計算值：

?Di?~'?f??MwsPa????'4?f????23.14?800???16.74?(?0.0069)?5.0699?0.5715??? 420???116MPa2許用值：3[?]tr?3?132?396MPa 18.換熱管軸向應力： 不計溫差應力時： 計算值：?r?G2?QV?1?P?Pa? c??Q?G2??1?5.0141?6.35?0.583492??0.51424??5.070096?

0.2856?6.35?5.0141???7.828MPa?許用值：[?]tr?132MPa [?]cr?46.91MPa 計溫差應力時：

XXXI 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

G2?QV?1?Pa? 計算值：?r??Pc???Q?G2?1?5.0141?6.35?0.583492??0.51424??5.0699? 0.2856?6.35?5.0141???36.02MPa?許用值：3?[?]tr?396MPa [?]cr?46.91MPa 19.殼程圓筒軸向應力： 不計溫差應力時： 計算值：

A?c?As??(1?V)?5.024?105Pa???Pt?(Q?G2)?1.26?104?0.5715?(1?0.583492)??0.5??5.070096?7.332MPa??6.35?5.014??許用值：?[?]tl?1?132?132MPa 計溫差應力時： 計算值：

A?c?As??(1?V)?5.024?105Pa???Pt?4(Q?G)2??1.26?100.5715?(1?0.583492)??0.5??5.0699?13.18MPa ??6.35?5.0141??許用值：3[?]tr?396MPa 20.換熱管與管板連接拉脫應力： 不計溫差應力時：

?ra5.4766?176.7?109??4.809MPa 計算值：q?dl?25?3000?3.14許用值：[q]?64.3MPa

?ra6.198?176.7?109??22.12MPa 計溫差應力時：q?dl?25?3000?3.14許用值：3[q]?3?64.3?192.9MPa（焊接）

XXXI

XXXIV 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

地角螺栓兩側均有墊鐵，設備招平后，斜墊鐵，可與設備支座底板悍牢，但不得與下面的平墊鐵或滑板焊死。

墊鐵的安裝不應妨礙換熱器的熱膨脹。3.2.2試車

試車前應查閱圖紙有無特殊要求和說明。名牌有無特殊標志。試車前應清洗整個系統(tǒng)，并在入口接管處設置過濾網，系統(tǒng)中如無旁路，試車時應增設臨時旁路。試車開始后，開啟放氣門，使流體充滿設備，此設備的物料為蒸汽，開車前應排空殘液，以免形成水擊，因為此設備的介質有腐蝕性，停車后應降參與介質排凈，開車和停車過程中，應逐漸升溫和降溫，以免造成壓差過大和熱沖擊。3.2.3維護

換熱器不得在超過銘牌規(guī)定的條件下進行，要經常對管殼程介質的溫度和壓降進行監(jiān)督，分析換熱器的泄露和結構情況。在壓降增大和傳熱系數降低超過一定數值時，應根據介質和換熱器的結構，選擇有效地方法進行清洗，應經常監(jiān)視管束的震動情況。

XXXV 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

結

論

近年來，隨著我國石化、鋼鐵等行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，換熱器的需求水平大幅上漲，但國內企業(yè)的供給能力有限，導致換熱器行業(yè)呈現供不應求的市場狀態(tài)，巨大的供給缺口需要進口來彌補。換熱器是一種高效緊湊的換熱設備，它的應用幾乎涉及到所有的工業(yè)領域，而且其類型、結構和使用范圍還在不斷發(fā)展。

再沸器作為換熱器的一種，在工業(yè)生產中的作用也越來越重要，其發(fā)展和改進必定引起工業(yè)生產效率的大幅度提高。

XXXV

XXXVIII 吉林化工學院本科畢業(yè)設計說明書

為以后走上工作的崗位奠定良好的基礎。

在最后，我要感謝我的指導教師王海波在畢業(yè)設計這段時間里，給我的指導和幫助，讓我少走了很多彎路，學會了許多知識，掌握了新的技能。