第一篇：兵馬俑英文解說詞

The Museum of the Terracotta Army In March 1974, when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5 kilometers east of the Qing Shihuang Emperor’s Mausoleum, they found many fragments of terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that it was an oblong pit with terracotta warriors and horses.Again in 1976, two more pits were discovered 20 and 25 meters north of the former one.They were then named Pit 1, Pit 2 and Pit 3 according to the order of discovery.The three pits cover a total area of more than 22, 000 square meters.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a museum was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the State Council.Pit 1 covers an area of more than 16, 000 square meters.The museum was officially open to the public on October 1, 1979.The exhibition hall of Pit 3 was open to the public on September 27, 1989.The exhibition hall of Pit 2 was completed and open to the public in 1994.Pit 1 takes an oblong shape.It is 230 meters long, 62 meters wide and five meters deep.It is an earth-and –wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides.Inside the pit are ten earth-rammed partition walls, across which huge and strong rafters are placed.The rafters are covered with mats and fine earth.The floor is paved with bricks.The terracotta warriors and horses in Pit 1 are arrayed in battle formation.In the long corridor to the east end of the pit stand three rows of terracotta warriors facing east in battle robes, 70 in each row, totaling 210 altogether.Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the vanguard.There is one row of warriors in the south, north and west of the corridor respectively, facing outward.They are probably the flanks and the rear guard.Holding crossbows and arrows and other long distance shooting weapon, they took up the job of defending the whole army.The ten rammed partition walls divided Pit 1 into 11 latitudinal corridors where stand 28 columns of warriors facing east with horse drawn chariots in the center.The warriors, clad in armor and armed with long shaft weapons, are probably the main body of the formation and represent the principal force.There are altogether 27 trail trenches.According to the density of the formation in each trail, it is assumed that more than 6, 000 terracotta warriors and horses could be unearthed from Pit 1, most of which are infantryman.Pit 2 is located 20 meters to the north of the eastern end of Pit 1.This pit is L-shaped and consists of four different mixed military forces in four arrays.It is estimated that there are over 1, 000 terracotta figures, 500 horse drawn chariots and saddled horses.The pit is measured 6, 000 square meters.The first array, the eastern protruding part of the pit, is composed of 334 archers;to the south of the pit is the second array, including the first through eighth passage ways.It is composed of 64 chariots, each of which carries three warriors.The third array, the middle of the pit, including the ninth through the eleventh passage ways, is composed of 19 chariots and 100 infantrymen.The fourth array to the north of the pit, including the 12th through 14th passage ways, is composed of six chariots, 124 saddled horses and cavalrymen.The four arrays are closed connected to constitute a complete battle formation and can be divided up to act independently, capable of attacking and defending.Three of the four arrays in pit 2 have charioteers.The chariots took up most of the battle formation.This proves that charioteers were still the principal fighting forces in the Qin dynasty.Pit 3 is located 25 meters to the north of Pit 1.The plane of the pit is of concave shape, totaling about 520 square meters.One chariot, four terracotta horses and 68 clay armored warriors were unearthed out of the pit.To its east there is a sloping entrance, 11 meters long, 3.7 meters wide, opposite which is a stable.On both sides of the stable, there is a winging room.68 terracotta figures were unearthed from it.The arrangement of the terracotta figures is quite different from that in Pit 1 and Pit 2, in which warriors are placed in battle formation.But those in Pit 3 are arrayed opposite to each other along walls, in two rows.Even the weapons held by the warriors in Pit 3 are different from those in Pit 1 and 2.The latter were armed with long range crossbows and bows and short weapons such as spears, barbed spears, swords and axes.Only one kind called “shu” was discovered in Pit 3.This kind of weapon had on blades and is believed to be used by the guards of honor.A remaining of deer horn and animal bones were unearthed in this pit.This probably is the place where sacrificial offerings and war prayer were practiced.Judging by the layout of Pit3, this is most likely the headquarters directing the mighty underground army.Archaeological excavations show that Pit 1 and Pit 2 were destroyed after a fire.It was burnt down and who did it was not recorded in history.There are various opinions about its destruction in academic world.The floors of both Pit 1 and Pit 2 were covered with a layer of silt, 15 to 20 cm thick.The remains of crossbeams and logs burnt to ashes can be clearly seen and most of the relics remain fragmented.This illustrates that the pits were destroyed soon after they were completed.According to historical records, fours yeas after the First Qin Emperor’s death, Xiang Yu came, and “burnt the palaces and dug up the grave”.Archaeological discoveries also proved that there are many broken bricks and tiles piled up inside the ruins of the ground structure of the mausoleum, with burnt clay, coal and ash traces.So it was perhaps destroyed together with other structures within the tomb by Xiang Yu.Pottery figures first appeared in the Warring State Period in China, but they were small in size and roughly made with low temperature.The Qin terracotta warriors and horses were not only big in size, but also exquisite in craftsmanship.The height of the terracotta warriors varies from 1.78 to 1.97 meters.Their weights are also different.The lightest is less than 110 kilograms and the heaviest 300 kilograms.In order to keep the balance of the terracotta warriors, the workmen in the Qin dynasty added a pedal to each warrior under his feet, so that the warriors would stand more firmly.The foot pedals were made in molds.The feet, shoes, legs and armors of the warriors were made by hand.Some legs are hollow, and some are solid.The solid ones were made separately, but the hollow ones are made through a method called “coiling clay rope”.The bodies of the warriors are hollow.They were made separately and then joined together to complete the work.There are also two kinds of arms: hollow and solid.There are two ways of making the hands: molding and hand shaping.The most sophisticated technique of processing is the heads.Two molds are used to made faces and most parts of the heads, and the two parts are joined together.Ears and noses which are made separately are added later on.The roughly made models are carved exquisitely in detail according to their personal strata and characters.Finally, moustache and hair in various styles were made.After careful and detailed engraving, the terracotta warriors look vivid, different in appearance and expressions.After the terracotta warriors were readily made, they were put into kilns to be fired.In order to prevent the warriors from deforming or exploding, one, two or even three small holes were made in the body of the warriors and horses.After the horses were fired, the small holes in the body were covered with terracotta cakes of the same size.Most of the terracotta heads were fit in the body after being fired, so the necks of the terracotta heads were natural ventilation holes.Thus, the air stream produced in the firing process of the terracotta warriors and horses could escapes, and the figures would not explode.The clay figures were carefully painted with colors after they were baked.As the terracotta figures have been burnt and gone through a natural process of decay, we can not see their original colors.The pits are located to the east of the First Qin Emperor’s Mausoleum, symbolizing the main defending force that guarded the Qin capital, Xianyang.All the terracotta figures in the pits face east with practical weapons.This shows that the First Qin Emperor would never forget his great ambition to conquer the six states and to unify the whole nation.Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from the pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, crossbows, arrows, and arrow heads.The weapons can be classified into four categories: long shafted weapons, short weapons, long range weapons and weapons for guards of honor.The most arresting among the weapons is a bronze sword, which still glitters, through buried underground for over 2, 000 years.Being very sharp, the sword can cut through 20 pieces of paper put together.Technical examination reveals that the sword is composed of an alloy of copper and tin, and more than ten other rare metals.It was plated with a thin layer of oxidated chromium.In December 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 meters west of the First Qin emperor’s Mausoleum.They were labeled as Chariots 1 and Chariots 2 according to the order of discovery.They had been enclosed in a wooden coffin and buried in a pit seven meters deep.When excavated, the chariots and horses were serious damaged due to the decayed wooden coffin and the collapse of earthen layers.Chariot 2 was found broken into 1555 pieces when excavated.After two and a half years of careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and other experts, they were finally open to the public on October 1, 1983.Chariot 1 was also open to the public in 1988.The bronze chariots drawn by four horses, with a single shaft, were placed one before the other vertically.The front chariot, chariot 1, was named “High chariots”.The back chariot, chariot 2, was named “security chariot”.It has a front and back room, between which there is a partition.The front is supposed to be for the charioteer and the rear one for the master.There is a window on either side with a door at the back.The windows and doors could close and open easily.The small holes in the window were used for ventilation.On top of the chariot, there was an elliptical umbrella-like canopy.The chariot was color painted against a white background.Chariot 2 was fitted with more than 1, 500 pieces of silver and gold and other ornaments.Probably it was used for the First Qin Emperor soul to go our on inspection.Chariot 1 was equipped with crossbows, arrowheads and shields.The charioteers wore a hat.This shows that it was employed to protect the chariot 2.The chariots and horses are exactly the imitation of actual chariots and horses in half life size.Each chariot with horses is composed of 3, 400 components.The bronze chariot is 3.17 meters long and 1.06 meters high.The bronze horse is 65-67 cm high, 1.2 meters long.Their weights vary from 177 kilograms, the lightest, to 213 kilograms, the heaviest.The total weight of the chariot, the horses and the driver is 1, 243 kilograms.The main body is cast in bronze.There are altogether 1, 720 pieces of gold and silver ornaments on the chariots and horses.The umbrella-like canopy on the top is only four mm thick, and the window is one mm thick, with many ventilation holes.

第二篇：兵馬俑解說詞

尊敬的女士們、先生們：

今天，我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10月1日開館至今，已有為效眾多國家的黨政首腦都參觀過這個(gè)博物館，更有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來參觀這個(gè)人類奇跡。法國總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說過：“世界上原有七大奇跡，秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以說是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔．不算真正到過埃及‘不看秦俑，不算真正到過中國?！泵绹案笨偨y(tǒng)蒙代爾也說；“這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看?！睆倪@些高度凝練的話語中，我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。中國皇帝大都為自己營造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上，秦始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí)，就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米．周長2000多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞，現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高，周長400多米之大．秦始皇把都城威陽微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi)，其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū)，陵東北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚池，陵園外城西北角是石料加工場．陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳場。據(jù)史書記載，秦朝全國總?cè)丝诩s2000萬，壯丁不過700萬，而筑陵時(shí)，壯丁最多達(dá)70萬，可見工程之浩大。

現(xiàn)在，我們面對的是秦俑館一號坑，坑里就是號稱“世界第八大奇跡”的秦兵馬俑。面對威武整肅的龐大軍陣，你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問題：這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的？為什么他們的相貌各異？為什么要制作這些俑？1、2、3號坑里共有多少俑等等。好，現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問題。

這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們在打井的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講，早在明朝，就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天，住在村里的難民在村外空地上打了一口井，井水清澈，甚是喜人，可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子，下去查看。不一會(huì)兒．井里傳來驚叫聲，上面的人趕緊把井里的人拉上來。這人說，他看見一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物．伸手要抓他。聽者都非常害怕，想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告給文物部門。

經(jīng)過考古專家們的勘探、鑒定．秦捅館內(nèi)的1、2、3號坑被確認(rèn)為秦始皇陵的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年，經(jīng)過5年的艱苦努力，在1號坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對國內(nèi)外游客開放的秦兵馬俑1號坑。3號坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對外開放?，F(xiàn)在，在2號坑的遺址上，一座大理石建筑又落成了，它于1994年11月開始接待游客。從此，3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里，不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí)，考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。

這里是1994年11月開放的2號坑。它是由車兵、騎兵和步兵構(gòu)成的曲尺形方陣。估計(jì)可出土兵俑1000多件，車馬和鞍馬500多匹。2號坑占地6000平方米。它東面突出部分為一個(gè)小方陣，6334個(gè)彎兵俑組成。2號坑南部為64乘戰(zhàn)車組成的方陣，每排有8輛戰(zhàn)車，共8排；中部為19輛戰(zhàn)車和隨車徒手兵俑；北部是戰(zhàn)車和騎兵。北部是由戰(zhàn)車6乘、鞍馬和騎兵各124件組成的騎兵陣。

現(xiàn)在，我們來到了3號坑，它位于2號坑西邊25米處。這個(gè)坑是1976年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它里凹字形，占地520平方米。在3號坑里，考古專家們只發(fā)現(xiàn)1輛戰(zhàn)車和64件武士俑。它們兩兩相對站立，手捏儀衛(wèi)兵器曼(sh6)。大多數(shù)考古專家認(rèn)為，從這個(gè)坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器，以及該坑與秦陵的位置來判斷，3號坑是整個(gè)軍陣的指揮部。據(jù) 估計(jì)，等1、2、3導(dǎo)坑全部開掘后，將出土8000多件陶俑。這些俑相貌各異：有的沉穩(wěn)剛毅，有的英勇果敢，有的慈善含笑?？芍^栩栩如生，神情各異。因?yàn)椋鼈內(nèi)歉鶕?jù)秦始皇御林軍中的將士們制作的，因此，在8000“地下御林軍”中，絕對找不到兩個(gè)相貌、形體相同的俑。他們一個(gè)個(gè)氣度不凡，最重的有300多公斤，最輕的也有100多公斤，身高從1．7米到1．9米不等。如果大家仔細(xì)觀瞧，不難分辨出兵俑中哪些是陜酉人，哪些是四川人，哪些是甘肅東部人。這從他們的胡須梳理方式和長相即可看出。我們很多人在電影中都見過日本人的“仁丹須”．其實(shí)，秦俑中就有蓄仁丹胡的，可見，這并不是日本人的發(fā)明，早在2000多年前，中國就有人留這種胡須了。

這是1980年在秦陵西邊18米處發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩乘青銅車馬。一號車馬為駟馬高車，二號車馬為騾馬安車。初發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，這兩乘車馬破損嚴(yán)重，尤其是供秦始皇靈魂乘坐的安車，已破碎成1500多片．經(jīng)考古工作者修復(fù)后，現(xiàn)在，它們看上去完好如初。兩乘車的車、馬、人都是仿照真車、真馬、真人，按比例縮小二分之一制成的，僅安車上金銀飾物就有1720件，重達(dá)7公斤。銅車馬給人的不僅是藝術(shù)享受，更為重要的是．它們具有重要的歷史價(jià)值和科學(xué)價(jià)值。銅車馬是我們了解、研究秦朝車制、冶金鑄造技術(shù)、工藝水平等不可多得的實(shí)物資科。雖然．英雄一世，創(chuàng)立無數(shù)偉績的秦始皇——贏政早已去世2000多年了，但是，他的偉績，以及現(xiàn)存的兵馬俑留給人們的思考是什么呢?或者說，我們能從上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想，敢創(chuàng)歷史先河、為國家統(tǒng)一不懼死亡的膽略和勇氣是我們應(yīng)該吸取和仿效的。一代偉人贏政橫掃六國、統(tǒng)一中國的非凡氣度和魄力仍不失為我們今天克服前進(jìn)路上的障礙的巨大動(dòng)力。一個(gè)民族．一個(gè)國家想要富強(qiáng)，沒有這種氣魄是不行的!

第三篇：兵馬俑日語解說詞

秦の兵馬俑

中國?西安市より東へ35キロメートル、驪山（りざん）の北に秦始皇帝陵がある。この陵墓より更に東へ1.5キロメートルの所で１９７４年、集団農(nóng)場の井戸掘削りで偶然発見された。兵馬俑（へいばよう）は世界の考古學(xué)史上、２０世紀(jì)最大の発見とされています。その発掘數(shù)は八千數(shù)百體にものぼり、世界の考古學(xué)者達(dá)をおおいに驚かせました。當(dāng)大博物館ではその中から特に重要なものをクローズアップしてちょっと違った角度から紹介します。

前259-前210)中國、秦の第一世皇帝（在位(前221-前210)）。第三一代秦王。名は政。紀(jì)元前221年戦國の六國を滅ぼし、初めて中國全土を統(tǒng)

一、自ら皇帝と稱した。郡県制を施行して中央集権化を図り、焚書坑儒(ふんしよこうじゆ)による思想統(tǒng)制、度量衡?文字?貨幣の統(tǒng)

一、萬里の長城の増築などを行なった。

兵馬俑（へいばよう）は、本來は古代中國で死者を埋葬する際に副葬された俑のうち、兵士及び馬をかたどったものを指す?，F(xiàn)在では、陝西省にある秦の始皇帝の陵墓の周辺に埋納されたもののみをさすことが多い。ここでは、世界的に著名な始皇帝のそれについて記す。秦の始皇帝陵の一部として1987年、世界遺産（文化遺産）に登録されている。発掘以前 [編集]

史記や漢書など數(shù)々の歴史書には秦の始皇帝陵の存在は記されていたが、數(shù)々の動(dòng)亂などにより所在地や存在そのものが忘れ去られていた。漢書には秦の始皇帝陵は項(xiàng)羽によって破壊されたと記されている。

始皇帝の兵馬俑が発掘されて、世界を驚かせたのは1974年のことであるが、この地域の住民の話を総合すると、以前から水を枯らす化け物等として、その存在は薄々知られていたようである。

本格的に発掘されるようになったのは、畑を営んでいた住人が井戸を掘ろうとして偶然見つけたのがきっかけだった。その當(dāng)人は現(xiàn)在、博物館の名譽(yù)副館長となっている。発掘と調(diào)査 [編集]

この大文物群が発掘され調(diào)査が行われると、人々を驚かせるような事実が次々に明らかとなった。

例えば、これらの兵士の俑にはどれ一つとして同じ顔をしたものはないことや、秦の軍隊(duì)がさまざまな民族の混成部隊(duì)であったこと及びかつての秦の敵國が存在した東方を向いて置かれていたこと等である。

また、この文物により、當(dāng)時(shí)の秦軍の裝備や編成等、これまでは文獻(xiàn)史料のみでしか伝えられていなかったものが、こうして実物大のものとして現(xiàn)代に生きる我々の目の前に登場したことは非常に大きい意義がある?，F(xiàn)在も続く調(diào)査?研究 [編集]

1980年代に日本の各博物館?美術(shù)館で展覧會(huì)が開かれた。その折、ある展示場で酒に酔った參観者が俑を押し倒し、頸部と左上腕部を破損する事態(tài)となった。ただし、破損した箇所は、まさしく発掘された時(shí)から破損していた部位であり、展示のために接著した箇所であることが知らされた。それほど俑は焼きしめられていた。そのような硬度の俑が、どのような理由で破損したかについては、地震や地殻変動(dòng)の影響が、原因として上げられている。

現(xiàn)在の技術(shù)では俑に彩色された顔料が酸化することを防止できないことから、発掘作業(yè)が慎重にされているが、事実上、発掘は停止された狀態(tài)にある。

21世紀(jì)に入った現(xiàn)在でも、この大文物群の調(diào)査?研究は続いている。近年の現(xiàn)地の研究者や日本の研究者の調(diào)査報(bào)告によると、従來、來世へと旅立った始皇帝を守るべく配された軍隊(duì)と思われていたこの大文物群は、それだけでなく、生前の始皇帝の生活そのものを來世に持って行こうとしたものであったようだ。すなわち、兵馬のみならず宮殿の実物大のレプリカや、文官や蕓人等の俑も発掘されたのである。

2006年には、日本で初めて彩色の殘る兵士俑が公開された。同年6月28日の新華社電によると最近では兵馬俑の眠る始皇帝陵の陪葬墓から出土した人骨がペルシャ系のDNAと同じ特徴を持つ男性の骨と分かった。一號坑

１９７４年３月、春先の風(fēng)が寒い頃、西狹省臨潼県の東にある西楊村で農(nóng)民、楊培彥?楊志発等數(shù)名が井戸を掘っていて偶然にも何片かの陶俑のかけらや青銅の矢じりなどを掘り出し、いとも簡単に世界の八不思議の一つの扉を開けたのである。寫真左は１號館の正面入り口。兵馬俑坑は発掘された順番に１號坑２號坑３號坑の名がつけら、その配置は１號坑を先頭に【品】の文字型を呈している。左の寫真に寫っている部分は１號坑の約半分で殘りは発掘途中の狀態(tài)で展示されている。（1997年當(dāng)時(shí)）１號坑は東西に伸びる長方形で長さ230?幅６２?深さ５?総面積は１萬４２６０平方?、３つの俑坑の中で最大である。

1號坑では陶俑、陶馬あわせて約６，０００體が発掘された。

兵士の俑の大半は西の秦始皇帝陵墓に背を向けるように東を向いており、編制は前鋒の主要部隊(duì)、左右の側(cè)方部隊(duì)、後方の防衛(wèi)部隊(duì)の四つに隊(duì)に分れている。

主鋒の前方部隊(duì)は傭坑の最前部に橫３列で構(gòu)成され、全部で２０４體。

兜をつけず束髪のまま腳絆（きはん）を締めて手には弩を持ち、勇ましいその姿はまるで寶剣の刃（やいば）のごとくである。前方部隊(duì)の後ろには東西に伸びる１１本の溝に戦車と歩兵が３８列に並んでいる。

これらの歩兵のほとんどが鎧（よろい）を身に付け足には腳絆を巻き、手には矛、戈、鈹、戟、等の長い武器及び、弩を裝備する重裝兵士である。彼らは戦車部隊(duì)との連合體であるため、その勢力は磐石で、倒す事のできないない強(qiáng)固な部隊(duì)である。

文中の【矛(ム)戈（カ）鈹（ヒ)戟(ゲキ）】はいずれも鉾（ほこ）の仲間です。

二號坑

２號坑の軍陣は１號坑の東端北側(cè)で１號坑との距離は20メートルで（『型?カギがた）を呈し、東西１２４メートル南北９８メートルで6000平方?の面積をもつ。発掘調(diào)査から戦車の引き馬３５０余頭、騎兵用に馬１００余頭、その他各種武士俑が９００余、合計(jì)１３００件の陶俑、木製戦車８９臺で、これらは歩兵、騎馬兵、軽車等で混編された一種の曲形陣である。１號坑の軍陣と比べると、それは當(dāng)時(shí)の補(bǔ)助軍で突出力の強(qiáng)い陣営だ。その陣営は４つの陣営に分かれ、第１の方形陣営は弩兵陣営で曲形陣営の先端に位置し、２３０以上の弓弩手を持っている。その內(nèi)甲冑を著た１６０余の重裝備の跪射兵（きしゃへい）は陣営の中心に8列に並び、その外側(cè)に170余りの戦闘服を著た軽裝立射手が周りを囲んでいる。こうして敵に挑む時(shí)この二種の姿勢で射撃でき『百発不休止』、矢が雨の如く降り、敵に一歩も近寄らせない。

第２の小陣営は曲形陣営の右側(cè)で６４臺の戦車から成り、全ての戦車に１人の御者と２人の甲冑兵で構(gòu)成され、歩兵は含まず、行進(jìn)のスピードが速く、突破能力に優(yōu)れてい為、當(dāng)時(shí)の戦場では敵のど肝を抜いた軽戦車軍である。

第３の小陣営はは曲形陣営の中部にあり、戦車、歩兵、騎兵の混合編制でそれは１９臺の戦車を主戦力とし、２６０余の歩兵を補(bǔ)助とし、８騎の騎兵隊(duì)が後方を防衛(wèi)し、特殊な役割を持っている。

最後の第４陣営は曲形陣営の左側(cè)の騎馬兵陣営である。１０８の主要騎馬隊(duì)と６臺の戦車で編制されている。この騎馬兵は強(qiáng)固肉體を持ち、頭に皮の帽子をかぶり、皮の靴を履き、短い甲冑を付け、片手に弓を、片手にたづなを持ち、あか抜けして、戦馬も強(qiáng)くがっしりとしている。このような騎兵が一旦戦場に投入されると電光の如くすばやく、風(fēng)のように動(dòng)き、雷の如く強(qiáng)く対決するであろう。三號坑

３號坑は【凹】字型をしていて発掘された三つの兵馬俑坑の中で一番小さい。兵俑６６體、馬俑４體、戦車１臺と兵馬俑の數(shù)も少ないが三つの兵馬俑坑の中で一番重要な役目をしていた。それはこの３號坑が全軍の指揮の中樞である軍幕（司令部）であった為だ。秦の兵馬俑坑は秦軍の縮小図であり、戦車や騎馬隊(duì)の千里にもおよぶ勝利の行進(jìn)は又、固く守られた指揮中樞をも備えている。それは２２００年前の古代帝國軍を今の世に甦らせている

秦の兵馬俑は當(dāng)時(shí)の強(qiáng)大な秦大軍隊(duì)を再現(xiàn)しているだけだ無く、軍陣の編列、兵器配列、及び戦略思想等を型象的な実物資料として提している。

６０００體の兵俑の中で雙子は１組もない。全てどこか違って造られている。

兵俑は又その顔によって出身の民族が分かる程上手に造られている。兵馬俑の兵士は百戦錬磨のつわものだ、全員自信に満ち溢れた顔をしている。兵士は全て長髪できれいな曲げを結(jié)っている。その形も多彩で一つとして同じものはない。

手の形もさまざまで、まるで生きている人の手のような形をしている。ベルトと飾り金具は２２００年前のものとは思えず 現(xiàn)代でも通用しそうだ

髭を蓄えた兵士も???その表情は豊かだ。６０００體の兵俑の中で雙子は１組もない。全てどこか違って造られている。

兵俑は又その顔によって出身の民族が分かる程上手に造られている。兵馬俑の兵士は百戦錬磨のつわものだ、全員自信に満ち溢れた顔をしている。

２２００年ぶりに兵馬俑坑から発掘された陶馬は全て軍馬である。

それは又騎馬用の馬と戦車隊(duì)の馬に分けられる。

戦車隊(duì)の馬は４頭1組で一臺の戦車を引く。簡単に説明すると、兵士三人が立って乗る４頭立ての馬車である。

三人は橫一列に立って乗り、中央の一人が御者（ぎょしゃ?馬を扱う係り）で両端が殳（しゅ）又はを弓を持った兵士、三人とも冑をまとっている。詳しくは兵器の頁參照。1、2、3號の兵馬俑坑合わせて130両余り戦車が発掘された。戦車は全部木造だったため、発掘された時(shí)に朽ちてしまって、痕跡しか殘っていない。その形は、二つの車輪に車軸とカジ棒がそれぞれ１本で構(gòu)成され。車體は長方形で幅1．4?、前後の長さは1．2?。車體の 周辺には、高さ40?mの囲いが付いていた。後ろに出入り の扉が一つ、車輪の直徑は1．35?である。

戦車は全體が漆塗りされているが、あるものに絵や模樣があったと推測される。馬俑と戦車には実用な戦車と同じように車馬具が備わっていた。

騎馬隊(duì)の馬俑と兵俑。兵俑は左手に鋒を持っていたと推測される。▼ 1、2、3號の兵馬俑坑合わせて130両余り戦車が発掘された。戦車は全部木造だったため、発掘された時(shí)に朽ちてしまって、痕跡しか殘っていない。その形は、二つの車輪に車軸とカジ棒がそれぞれ１本で構(gòu)成され。車體は長方形で幅1．4?、前後の長さは1．2?。車體の 周辺には、高さ40?mの囲いが付いていた。後ろに出入り の扉が一つ、車輪の直徑は1．35?である。

兵馬俑坑の戦車は、指揮車と一般戦車の2種類ある。指揮車には鐘やドラが吊るされている。指揮車には左に將軍、中央に御者、右に兵士と３人が乗る。

３人の任務(wù)はそれぞれ異なっている。將軍がドラや鐘をもって軍隊(duì)の進(jìn)退を指揮する。いわばドラによって進(jìn)み、ドラを激しく鳴らせば戦うことに対して、鐘によって止め、鐘を激しく鳴らせば退く等と。右の兵士は將軍を補(bǔ)佐する役だ。一般戦車隊(duì)は大きく分けて次の４つ形態(tài)に分かれる。

その１つは戦車隊(duì)だけで行動(dòng)する部隊(duì)だ。１臺の戦車に１人の御者と両側(cè)に甲冑を付けた２人の兵士が乗り、矢の如く敵陣を突破し敵兵のど肝をぬき戦意の消失を誘う戦略に使う。２つ目は騎馬隊(duì)と組んだ戦車隊(duì)だ。敵陣に深く、す早く大きな打撃を與える戦略に用いる。３つ目は歩兵を従えた戦車隊(duì)だ。一臺の戦車に歩兵が１０數(shù)人が付き、戦いながらゆっくり進(jìn)む戦略に適す。

４つ目は戦車體、騎兵隊(duì)、歩兵の混合部隊(duì)だ。これには特殊な任務(wù)が與えられた。

第四篇：兵馬俑英文導(dǎo)游詞

The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an.First, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor, Yingzheng.He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22.By 221BC, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China.After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on.He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall.All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China.But the First Qin Emperor was very ambitious.As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him.It took 37 years to complete this great project.Actually, the site of those terracotta warriors and horses we now see is just a small part of his mausoleum.Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of this miraculous work.In March 1974,when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5km east of the First Qin Emperor’s Maosolem, they came upon many fragments of the terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that is two more pits were discovered respectively.They were then named pit1，pit2, and pit3 by the order of discovery.The new discovery stirred up a sensation all over the world.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a musem was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the state council.Pit 1,covers an area of 16,300 square meters, is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.The terra cotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation.In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward.Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard.Meanwhile, there is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard.Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army.Then, this way please.We may find ten partition walls

which divided this pit into 11 corridors.The warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots represent the principal military force of this battle formation.According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.Ok, Here now we arrived at Pit 2.we can see that Pit 2 is still under cover, that’s because we want to preserve them.Pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, they are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers.And pit 2 also include many chariots and horses.They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response.As you see, those worriors, their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together.we may find they are all vivid and true to life.And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits.The most attractive one is a bronze sword.Although it was buried over thousands of years, it is still very sharp.It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together.Now we come to pit 3.Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters.There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses.The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered.This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor.We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side.This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army.Then we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses.In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found.They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration;they were rebuilt and open to the public.The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”.They were the eariliest and most exquisitely and intricately made bronze valuables,and also the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of world archaeology.It provides extremlyvaluable material and data for the research of the metallurgical technique and technological modeling og the Qin Dynasty.So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, I believe that you must be very astonished at this world wonder.So it’s your time,you can work around and take some pictures.thank you for listening~

第五篇：走近秦始皇兵馬俑解說詞

走近秦始皇兵馬俑解說詞

河南省三門峽市陜縣陜州小學(xué)：朱韻

秦始皇陵位于距西安市30多千米的臨潼區(qū)城以東的驪山之北。世界經(jīng)度109.2733，緯度34.3853。據(jù)《史記》記載：秦始皇從13歲即位時(shí)就開始營建陵園，由丞相李斯主持規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，大將章邯監(jiān)工，修筑時(shí)間長達(dá)38年之久。

秦始皇陵兵馬俑坑是秦始皇陵的陪葬坑，位于陵園東側(cè)1500米處。秦始皇兵馬俑陪葬坑坐西向東，三坑呈品字形排列。最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的是一號俑坑，呈長方形，東西長230米，南北寬62米，深約5米，總面積14260平方米，四面有斜坡門道，左右兩側(cè)又各有一個(gè)兵馬俑坑，現(xiàn)稱二號坑和三號坑。俑坑布局合理，結(jié)構(gòu)奇特，在深5米左右的坑底，每隔3米架起一道東西向的承重墻，兵馬俑排列在過洞中。

1974年3月，在陵東的西楊村村民抗旱打井時(shí)，在陵墓以東三里的下和村和五垃村之間，發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)模宏大的秦始皇陵兵馬俑坑，經(jīng)考古工作者的發(fā)掘，才揭開了埋葬于地下的2000多年前的秦俑寶藏。1975年國家決定在俑坑原址上建立博物館。1979年10月1日秦始皇兵馬俑博物館開始向國內(nèi)外參觀者展出。2009年6月13日下午1點(diǎn)多，秦始皇陵兵馬俑一號坑再次開掘，之后在一號坑北部中段，又出土彩兵馬俑。

秦始皇兵馬俑陪葬坑，是世界最大的地下軍事博物館。秦始皇兵馬俑是世界考古史上最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。1978年，法國前總理希拉克參觀后說：“世界上有了七大奇跡，秦俑的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以說是八大奇跡了。不看秦俑，不能算來過中國?！睆拇饲刭副皇澜缱u(yù)為“八大奇跡”目前已 挖掘出3個(gè)俑坑。

秦兵馬俑令全中國人自豪，令全世界人驚嘆！神秘的兵馬俑，還有多少懸疑沒有解開？ 為何沒有統(tǒng)帥俑？1及2號坑為何被焚毀？青銅劍兩千年不折？兵馬俑的爭議還一直在持續(xù)，出土文物帶給世人許多千古之謎，等待我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)去探究。