第一篇：四六級(jí)翻譯備考建議

2014年6月四六級(jí)翻譯備考建議

文都名師李群

現(xiàn)在距離2014年6月四六級(jí)考試只剩一個(gè)月左右的時(shí)間，下面就翻譯專項(xiàng)，我給同學(xué)們講講最后這一階段的備考建議。

去年12月，四六級(jí)進(jìn)行了比較大幅度的一次改革，尤其是在綜合部分，將原來(lái)的完型填空取消，將10%的比分拿到翻譯中，使得翻譯現(xiàn)在占了15%，即148.5分，與寫作是一個(gè)分值，因此其重要地位顯得更為突出。而參加上一次四六級(jí)考試并且順利失敗的同學(xué)也無(wú)需氣餒，因?yàn)楦母锖蟮碾y度比以前要大，那么在翻譯部分，我們現(xiàn)在能做些什么呢？

首先，翻譯考查的不是詞匯量，而是大家對(duì)于中文的思維轉(zhuǎn)換能力。舉個(gè)例子，上一次的四級(jí)翻譯考了一篇關(guān)于“茶文化”，當(dāng)中有一句“茶是中國(guó)的瑰寶”，許多人一看到“瑰寶”就崩潰了，翻譯成“guibao”或者“rose baby”。注意，我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候盡量不用拼音，也盡量在沒(méi)把握的時(shí)候不要直譯。我們可以通過(guò)把“瑰寶”的簡(jiǎn)單中文意思弄清，再做翻譯。瑰寶，不就是珍寶，財(cái)寶嗎？我們?cè)谥袑W(xué)不是學(xué)過(guò)treasure表示“財(cái)寶”嗎？所以瑰寶翻譯成treasure即可。因?yàn)樗牧?jí)翻譯考的詞都是大家學(xué)過(guò)的，只是考查大家的思維轉(zhuǎn)換能力而已。又比如六級(jí)真題考到一篇關(guān)于中秋節(jié)，有一句是“這天晚上皓月當(dāng)中”，當(dāng)中“皓月”又難倒不少考生，其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，皓月不就是“明月”嗎？明月翻譯成bright moon。該篇還出現(xiàn)“?！薄昂汀钡葞в兄袊?guó)傳統(tǒng)特色的詞，我們仔細(xì)想想，“福”不就是幸福嗎？因此譯為happiness。而“和”不就是家和，家庭和諧，不就是和諧harmony一詞嗎？這些詞我們?cè)诔踔锌隙ǘ紝W(xué)過(guò)。所以，我們?cè)谧鲂路g題的時(shí)候，思維很關(guān)鍵，對(duì)于中文的定義比翻譯本身更重要。思路對(duì)了，翻譯就不會(huì)錯(cuò)。

其次，我們現(xiàn)在需要多做模擬題。有人問(wèn)：為什么不做真題？答：改革后的翻譯真題加樣題只有四篇，我們需要練習(xí)只能做模擬題，文都就有四級(jí)和六級(jí)的模擬預(yù)測(cè)卷，而且何凱文老師根據(jù)多年授課經(jīng)驗(yàn)針對(duì)改革后的四級(jí)題型，今年專門為廣大考生編寫了《四級(jí)絕對(duì)考場(chǎng)最后五套題》是考前這不到一個(gè)月時(shí)間里的模擬法寶。在這里文都老師要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在做題的時(shí)候要盡量養(yǎng)成有字典不用的習(xí)慣，盡量用自己的思路去翻譯，而翻譯完了再對(duì)照答案，看看自己有什么不足的地方，再進(jìn)行改正。

最后，我們來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)下這次四六級(jí)可能出現(xiàn)的話題。現(xiàn)在翻譯的話題都是涉及中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，因此中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日很有可能繼續(xù)考，比如：端午節(jié)，重陽(yáng)節(jié)，元宵節(jié)；其中端午節(jié)很有可能出現(xiàn)（當(dāng)然也有可能不出現(xiàn)），我們需要知道一些詞的翻譯，比如粽子glutinous rice dumpling。有人問(wèn)，有沒(méi)有可能考三八婦女節(jié)，六一兒童節(jié)？可能性不是很大，現(xiàn)在考查的熱門話題是傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，而不是國(guó)際性節(jié)日。而一些城市話題也有可能出現(xiàn)，比如說(shuō)考查一個(gè)中國(guó)城市，個(gè)人認(rèn)為最可能出現(xiàn)的是北京和古城西安。也有可能出現(xiàn)一些中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)菜系，比如川菜。

總之，我們需要多做模擬題（至少十篇），熟悉各種題材的翻譯，才能更好地應(yīng)對(duì)本次四六級(jí)考試，最后，文都教育祝各位考生取得佳績(jī)。

第二篇：四六級(jí)翻譯

四六級(jí)翻譯

1.中國(guó)酒文化

Chinese wine culture

中國(guó)人在7000年以前就開始用谷物釀酒?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國(guó)文化息息相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，中國(guó)的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫詩(shī)時(shí)以酒助興，在宴會(huì)中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會(huì)，送別晚宴，婚禮慶典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in china in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their 中國(guó)酒文化

Chinese wine culture

中國(guó)人在7000年以前就開始用谷物釀酒。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國(guó)文化息息相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，中國(guó)的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫詩(shī)時(shí)以酒助興，在宴會(huì)中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會(huì)，送別晚宴，婚禮慶典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in china in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture ,as a kind of culture form ,is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party ,farewell dinner ,wedding,etc.relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture ,as a kind of culture form ,is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party ,farewell dinner ,wedding,etc.2.中國(guó)書法

Chinese Calligraphy

中國(guó)書法歷史悠久，它不僅是漢字的傳統(tǒng)書寫形式，也是體現(xiàn)自我修養(yǎng)和自我表達(dá)的藝術(shù)。作者的內(nèi)心通過(guò)美妙的字體得以體現(xiàn)。書法在中國(guó)藝術(shù)中擁有舉足輕重的地位，因?yàn)樗绊懙搅似渌闹袊?guó)藝術(shù)形式，比如古典詩(shī)歌，雕塑，傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)及舞蹈，建筑及手工藝品。作為傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)瑰寶，中國(guó)書法被全世界人民所喜愛(ài)，且越來(lái)越受到歡迎。

Characters Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history ,but also an art of self-expression.Inner world of the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art ,for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry ,sculpture ,traditional music and dance ,architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture,Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3.中國(guó)山水畫

Landscape Painting

山水畫一直以來(lái)都被譽(yù)為中國(guó)繪畫的最高境界。它品位高端，很受歡迎。一般意義上，中國(guó)山水畫被認(rèn)為是書法，繪畫及詩(shī)歌的結(jié)合或延伸。漢語(yǔ)“山水”這個(gè)詞是由“山”和“水”兩個(gè)漢字組成，且與道教的哲學(xué)思想相聯(lián)系，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人與自然的和諧。中國(guó)畫家描繪的不總是真實(shí)的世界，他們呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的是自己想象出來(lái)的風(fēng)景，這些風(fēng)景不再只是對(duì)眼前世界的描繪，而是畫家內(nèi)在思想的寫照。因此，人們認(rèn)為欣賞山水畫除了可以很好地了解畫家的內(nèi)心世界之外，還可以凈化自己的靈魂。

Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy ,painting ,and poetry.The Chinese term for “l(fā)andscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism ,which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4.中國(guó)戲曲

Chinese Opera

在中國(guó)，戲曲是一種很流行的戲劇形式，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，可以追溯到唐朝時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)的皇帝唐玄宗創(chuàng)立了“梨園”。如今，許多外國(guó)人也很喜歡中國(guó)的戲曲。最吸引他們的則是獨(dú)有風(fēng)格-臉譜，它不僅是戲曲中的一大亮點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還要求獨(dú)特的繪畫技藝。每個(gè)演員臉上夸張的扮相代表其扮演的角色的性格和命運(yùn)。熟知戲曲的觀眾通過(guò)觀察演員的臉譜和服裝就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常紅色臉譜代表忠誠(chéng)與勇敢；黑色代表兇猛；黃色和白色代表口是心非；金色和銀色代表神秘。對(duì)于中國(guó)人，特別是老年人，欣賞戲曲是他們的一大樂(lè)趣。

Chinese Opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general ,it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor XuanZhong ,who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive designs are painted on each performer’s face to symbolize a character’s personality,and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally,a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face ,rough;yellow and white faces,duplicity;and golden and silver faces,mystery.For Chinese,especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5.京劇

Peking Opera

京劇是中國(guó)的一種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。它是中國(guó)戲曲的一種，誕生于1790年四大徽班（Four Great Anhui Troupes）入京表演的時(shí)候。19世紀(jì)中期得到快速發(fā)展，到清朝達(dá)到全盛階段。京劇被看成是中國(guó)的文化瑰寶之一。雖然它被稱為京劇，但是它的發(fā)源地卻是中國(guó)的安徽省和湖北省。京劇起初是宮廷表演藝術(shù)，而后才慢慢普及到民間。在數(shù)百年前，京劇作為一種新的戲曲形式，無(wú)論在哪進(jìn)行表演，都飽受歡迎。而在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，包括京劇在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)戲曲卻不大能被年輕人接受，面臨著巨大的生存危機(jī)。

Peking opera is a traditional art in china.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790,arose in the mod-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera,its originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago,as a new drama form,wherever it was performed,it would be warmly welcomed.Unfortunately,in the modern world,traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis,because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6.昆曲 Kunqu Opera

昆曲是中國(guó)古老戲曲中的一種，起源于江蘇昆山，擁有600多年的歷史。它是連接過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)與世界的紐帶，對(duì)現(xiàn)今中國(guó)的戲曲形式，包括川劇與京劇在內(nèi)，都產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。昆曲蘊(yùn)育了各種意象美，從音樂(lè)，舞蹈到詩(shī)歌，人們的精神世界甚至中國(guó)人的靈魂，都有所體現(xiàn)。正因?yàn)槿绱?，昆曲在過(guò)去廣受歡迎，也成了中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)中最珍貴的部分。但是現(xiàn)在，昆曲不僅面臨著來(lái)自大眾流行文化的挑戰(zhàn)，而且年輕人也對(duì)其缺乏興趣。只有進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)，昆曲才能擁有美好的未來(lái)。

Kunqu Opera,which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province,is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present,China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China,including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty,from music and dance,to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation,so that Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7.唐詩(shī) Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌的鼎盛時(shí)期，在不到300年的時(shí)間里，涌現(xiàn)出了許多著名的詩(shī)人和詩(shī)作。清朝時(shí)編輯的《全唐詩(shī)》（Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收錄2200多位詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作的48900多首詩(shī)歌。這些詩(shī)歌讓人們深入了解到當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面。中國(guó)人很喜歡唐詩(shī)，就連小孩子也能背出幾首，如李白的《靜夜思》（Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐詩(shī)不僅是中國(guó)古代文學(xué)史上最光輝的一頁(yè)，而且也是人類文化史中的一個(gè)奇跡。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry,with many renowned poets and famous woeks appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Pomes of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48900 poems written by over 2200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very foud of Tang poetry ,and even children can recite some from memory,such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai,Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu ,etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature,but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8.中國(guó)武術(shù) Chinese Martial Arts/Kunfu

中國(guó)武術(shù)擁有悠久的歷史，在中國(guó)廣為流行。受中國(guó)古典美學(xué)所提倡的剛?cè)岵?jì)的影響，中國(guó)武術(shù)形成了自己的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?，F(xiàn)在很多人習(xí)武是為了健康，娛樂(lè)和競(jìng)技。為了更好地傳承這一古老的技藝，全國(guó)各地開設(shè)有很多的武術(shù)俱樂(lè)部和協(xié)會(huì)。自1980年起，一大批的武術(shù)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生被分配到學(xué)校里教授武術(shù)?，F(xiàn)在很多專家通過(guò)將搏斗技巧和健康結(jié)合到一起，試著將武術(shù)變?yōu)橐豁?xiàng)科學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。他們希望有一天，武術(shù)可以作為一項(xiàng)賽事納入奧運(yùn)會(huì)中。

Chinese martial arts enjoy a long history and great popularity in China.Influenced by ancient Chinese aesthetics which advocated a balance between hardness and softness,Chinese martial arts have formed their own aesthetic standards.Today,many people practice it to pursue heath,entertainment and competition.In order to inherit the ancient art,many martial arts clubs and associations have been established across China.Since 1980,a large number of graduates majoring in martial arts have been assigned to teach martial arts into a scientific sport by combining fighting skills with heath.They hope that one day martial arts will become a sport event at the Olympic Games.9.長(zhǎng)城

The Great Wall

長(zhǎng)城，作為中國(guó)的象征之一，不僅是中國(guó)的奇跡，也是整個(gè)世界的奇跡。它始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后，連結(jié)了各段長(zhǎng)城以抵御外敵入侵。先純的長(zhǎng)城遺跡主要為建于14世紀(jì)的明長(zhǎng)城。長(zhǎng)城有著兩千多年的歷史，于1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。現(xiàn)如今，長(zhǎng)城仍是世界上最受歡迎的景點(diǎn)之一。

As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China,the first Emperor of Qing linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century,called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2000 years,the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now,the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10.故宮

The Imperial Palace

故宮又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面積72萬(wàn)平方米。它擁有眾多的庭院，四面有高墻和護(hù)城河保護(hù)。明清兩代的皇帝和他們的家眷以及數(shù)百名宮女，太監(jiān)曾在這里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能進(jìn)入。在924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宮后，故宮與1925年變成了故宮博物院并對(duì)外開放。

Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing,the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City,covers an area of 72000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and amoat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties,the Ming and the Qing,lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty,which was been open tothe public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.

第三篇：2014年6月四六級(jí)新題型備考建議

2014年6月四六級(jí)新題型備考建議

在上一次的四六級(jí)考試改革中，閱讀部分還出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新題型，即段落匹配題，這與考研新題型的標(biāo)題匹配題有點(diǎn)類似。在文都的課堂上老師已經(jīng)帶領(lǐng)大家分析過(guò)，現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俸?jiǎn)單分析下這個(gè)題型，并給大家一點(diǎn)建議。

首先，我們來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)下段落匹配題型，這個(gè)題型改革自快速閱讀，因此文章的題材、出處，以及長(zhǎng)度基本不變（四級(jí)1200詞左右，六級(jí)1400詞左右）。因?yàn)楦母镒钥焖匍喿x，因此“快”這一核心是不變的。這個(gè)部分的分值為10%即71分，每題7.1分，答題時(shí)間為十分鐘。題目要求是把10個(gè)題目（這10個(gè)題目是文章A-N等十幾個(gè)段落其中一個(gè)的大意總結(jié)或其中一項(xiàng)細(xì)節(jié)）與對(duì)應(yīng)段落匹配，其中一個(gè)段落最多可以選兩次，也可能不選。這個(gè)題型的特點(diǎn)是不用先閱讀文章，而是直接讀題。有同學(xué)很可愛(ài)，一拿到文章先從頭讀起，慢慢欣賞，欣賞了半個(gè)小時(shí)，覺(jué)得這篇文章寫得不錯(cuò)，與作者產(chǎn)生深深的共鳴，陷入自戀中無(wú)法自拔。注意，我們的時(shí)間是有限的，因此我們需要有技巧來(lái)做題。

下面，我們就來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)重點(diǎn)，即如何解題。這個(gè)題型本質(zhì)是考察大家“定位”的能力。即考察的是大家的眼力，而不是閱讀能力，這一點(diǎn)在文都的課堂上老師已經(jīng)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)了。第一步，我們應(yīng)該先讀題干，在題干當(dāng)中找出關(guān)鍵詞，包括大寫詞、數(shù)字、時(shí)間、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)、名詞詞組（比如A and B這樣的名詞詞組，因?yàn)樵~組較長(zhǎng)，容易定位）、合成詞（即短橫連接的詞，如grown-up）、陌生詞（文中許多陌生詞會(huì)有中文釋義，而這些詞非常容易尋找與定位）。而我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)句子中，找到的關(guān)鍵詞越多越容易定位。第二步，找到這些關(guān)鍵詞所在的段落，有可能出現(xiàn)2到3個(gè)段落有關(guān)鍵詞，哪個(gè)段落復(fù)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞越多，越可能是答案。第三步，篩選2到3個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，得出答案。大部分題目只能找到一個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，即為答案，就無(wú)需進(jìn)行第三步了。

而在實(shí)際考試中，很多同學(xué)卻怎么也找不到答案。這是考場(chǎng)中正常的心理作用，而在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，是可以找出來(lái)的，很可能答案就在眼皮底下，比如六級(jí)大綱樣題第49題：In a report published some 20 years ago, the sustainability of old-age pension system in most countries was called into doubt.其中20 years ago這一時(shí)間，sustainability陌生詞，以及old-age pension system名詞詞組都可以定位。而文章A選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了the early 1990s，pension arrangement，unsustainable等詞都是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A為答案。很多同學(xué)卻沒(méi)找到。而在實(shí)際考試中，有些同學(xué)找不到還拼命找，找個(gè)半個(gè)小時(shí)終于找到了，深深舒了一口氣。我們必須學(xué)會(huì)取舍，如果個(gè)別題目一時(shí)半會(huì)找不到，先放棄，回頭有時(shí)間再過(guò)來(lái)找。考場(chǎng)上，時(shí)間比任何一切都重要。

最后，我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)練習(xí)中，也同樣要做十篇或以上模擬題，并且注意時(shí)間的把握。

第四篇：四六級(jí)中國(guó)文化翻譯

1.長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看埃菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that was created by human beings.If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without paying a visit to the Pyramids.As it is often quoted by people, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.2.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種。作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工。在念白上用北京方言；在音樂(lè)上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂(lè)器。由于京劇是在融合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛(ài)，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and 1860.Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas.In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles.The spoken parts are in Beijing dialect;and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點(diǎn)精析：

1.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒(méi)有給出明確的主語(yǔ)，因而在翻譯時(shí)要注意：增譯主語(yǔ)you?！爸袊?guó)的戲曲文化”可譯為the Chinese opera culture。

2.中國(guó)地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時(shí)可以采用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在??的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the I basis of...會(huì)稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯為originate from...。“地方戲”可以直譯為local opera。4.念白：“念白”指的是中國(guó)戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對(duì)話，因而此處在翻譯時(shí)可將其靈活譯為the spoken parts。

5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中并沒(méi)有直接對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá)，因而可以采用漢語(yǔ)拼音表示。

6.“the cream of…”: …的精華；…的精英

第五篇：2014四六級(jí)翻譯熱門話題

1、孔子（Confucius）是春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國(guó)人心目中的圣人?？鬃拥难哉摵蜕交顒?dòng)記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的《論語(yǔ)》（The Analects）一書中?！墩撜Z(yǔ)》是中國(guó)古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國(guó)歷史上，沒(méi)有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受《論語(yǔ)》的影響。不研究《論語(yǔ)》，就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.2、大約在兩千多年前，中國(guó)就出現(xiàn)了蠟染（wax printing）。在中國(guó)服飾中，蠟染是一種流傳時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、流行范圍大、使用領(lǐng)域廣的服裝工藝。蠟染是在布匹著色的過(guò)程中，以蜂蠟（beeswax）作為防止染色的材料。蜂蠟干了之后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些裂紋，這些裂紋在染色過(guò)程中滲透進(jìn)靛藍(lán)色，于是形成了如冰花式樣的美妙紋理。這樣自然天成的紋理可以說(shuō)是蠟染的靈魂所在。

Wax printing appeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been a widespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeing process, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the process of dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.3、景泰藍(lán)（cloisonné）是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，它集青銅藝術(shù)、瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧于一身，是一門地道的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人們居家使用的精美物品。這項(xiàng)工藝始創(chuàng)于明代景泰年間，初創(chuàng)時(shí)的顏色主要是藍(lán)色，故得名“景泰藍(lán)”。到了成化年間，景泰藍(lán)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步成熟，這個(gè)時(shí)期的作品沉穩(wěn)凝重又透明靈動(dòng)，而且銅胎也極為講究。Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combines the skills of bronze art,porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments for daily use.The making of cloisonné first appeared during the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used being blue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, the techniques for making cloisonné were further developed, with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking in eloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.4、西塘在浙江嘉興，位于上海和杭州之間。這個(gè)占地規(guī)模并不大的古鎮(zhèn)有著悠久的歷史，它初建于春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吳國(guó)和越國(guó)的交界處。西塘的大致規(guī)模在宋代之前就已經(jīng)形成，今所見西塘著名的橋梁望仙橋（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遺跡。在明清時(shí)期，西塘既是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的魚米之鄉(xiāng)，又是著名的絲綢制造之地，還以制陶業(yè)（ceramics）而享譽(yù)全國(guó)。

Xitang is located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small in size, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.The present layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famous Wangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade centre for farm products, silks and ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout the country.5、秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中國(guó)漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作迅速有力。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳舞來(lái)保持健康，同時(shí)他們也樂(lè)在其中。

The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko

dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.6、中國(guó)的青銅器時(shí)代（Bronze Age）從夏開始，經(jīng)歷商、西周到春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時(shí)間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國(guó)創(chuàng)造了燦爛的青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。今藏于中國(guó)歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國(guó)青銅器時(shí)代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時(shí)期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。

The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period.Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.7、1911 年，中國(guó)爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的最后一個(gè)朝代——清朝，廢除了中國(guó)延續(xù)了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中國(guó)的第一個(gè)民主共和國(guó)——中華民國(guó)。民國(guó)政府成立以后，要求全國(guó)人民都剪掉頭上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國(guó)延續(xù)了280 多年的辮子法令終于被解除。

In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, the first democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.8、出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)五代時(shí)期的婦女纏足（foot-binding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采

用的一種行為，但由于有人認(rèn)為腳裹起來(lái)更好看，所有很多人就開始效仿起來(lái)。到了宋代，封建社會(huì)的綱常思想非常嚴(yán)重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來(lái)，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專門為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

The practice of foot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, it was only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Since people thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.By the Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts and influence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice of foot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meet the needs of women’s small feet, a kind of specially designed shoes gongxie was made.9、據(jù)中國(guó)古代史書記載，治水有功的大禹通過(guò)禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國(guó)王，建立了中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)奴隸制國(guó)家——夏。從此，王位實(shí)行世襲制度，中國(guó)社會(huì)從此步入階級(jí)社會(huì)。夏代處在中國(guó)社會(huì)從原始社會(huì)向奴隸社會(huì)過(guò)渡的時(shí)期，社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面依然保存著原始社會(huì)的種種痕跡。

According to the Chinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed over his leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling the flood of the Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breached the tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the first slavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditary system had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The Xia Dynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time, all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.10、北京烤鴨是自封建帝王時(shí)代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的一道國(guó)菜。這道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及廚師們?cè)诳腿嗣媲捌喿拥恼鎸?shí)情形而著稱。專門用于制作烤鴨的鴨子在養(yǎng)殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鴨子在烤制前要先用調(diào)料腌制（season），然后才送進(jìn)燜爐或者掛爐。鴨肉通常配上蔥（scallion）、黃瓜和甜面醬，用薄餅卷著食用。

Peking duck is a famous duck dish that has been popular since the imperial era in Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced in front of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65

days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweet bean sauce.