第一篇：2011大學英語四級寫作、翻譯輕松練(已修改19頁)

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練1 新學期開始了,同學們,面對四級考試,你準備好了嗎? 面對四級的翻譯題,你有信心拿全分嗎? 就讓我們一起做翻譯題吧！

1.__________________(從太空上來看),our earth, with water covering about 75% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.2.Anti-government demonstrations do occur, but seldom, if ever, ______________________(正如報紙上報道他們的那樣)。

3.He lent me a thousand pounds,____________________(那正好是我需要的數(shù)目)to solve my problem.4.The villagers_____________________(理所當然地認為)that we should build new roads.5.______________________(如果我和我兄弟之間出現(xiàn)爭吵),my dad settles it.答案:1.Seen from space

Seen from space此處用做狀語,它和句子主句the earth 的關系是被動的,要用過去分詞,being seen 是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式,這種形式用在動作正在進行或與謂語表示的動詞同時發(fā)生,在作狀語的分詞里較少適用。

2.are they reported in the newspaper

but 后的分句是以含有否定意義的seldom起首的,后面要用倒裝結構。由于是被報紙報道,所以report 要用它的被動形式。

3.which is exactly the amount I needed 此處用關系代詞which 指代a thousand pounds.英語中表示金錢、時間、距離等數(shù)量的名詞短語,雖然形式上是復數(shù)的,其后動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。

4.take it for granted

take it for granted 是固定搭配,意思是“理所當然地認為”。

5.If any quarrel arises between my brother and me 此句容易把arise 用成rise,但是 rise的意思是“升起,起來”,而arise 的意思是“出現(xiàn),發(fā)生,呈現(xiàn)”,主語一般為抽象名詞,如“problem, trouble, quarrel”等.你答對了嗎? 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練2 1._______________(鐘聲響了)and we realized it was already two o’clock in the afternoon.2.Finding it difficult to _______________(適應那里的氣候),he decided to move to the north.3.He asked the teacher to____________________(解釋得更詳細一些)。

4.___________________________(與成年人學習外語相比)children do not have good conditions, but they can master mother tongue completely.5.________________(就外表而言),Jack and his younger brother have little in common.答案:1.The clock struck

時鐘報時用strike,而不用ring.電話鈴響了一般用ring.2.adapt to the climate there

adapt to 有“與??相適應”的意思,還可以用“be accustomed to ”或“be adjusted to”來表達類似的意思。注意這些“to” 后面一定要跟名詞或動名詞。

3.explain the word in greater detail “explain the word in greater detail”即“詳細解釋某事”的意思。

4.Compared with adults learning foreign languages 此句考查分詞的正確使用,它的主語是children,與adults相比,與compare是動賓關系,所以要用表示被動關系的過去分詞形式。

5.As far as the appearance is concerned “as far as something is concerned”表示“就??而言”,相似的短語有“as something referred”,表示就某事物的某方面作說明。

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練3

一.詞匯層次

仔細分析自改革以來的四級翻譯題,發(fā)現(xiàn)句句貼近生活,源于生活。因此了摘一些貼近大學生生活的詞匯。㈠大學生活類

required/compulsory course 必修課

credit 學分

enrolment/register for 注冊

president 校長

graduate school 研究生院

dean 導師

instructor 輔導老師

score/mark 分數(shù)

letter of recommendation 推薦信

participation 出勤

optional course 選修課

application form 申請表

take an examination/sit an examination

assessment 評估

參加考試

assignment 作業(yè)

oral examination 口試

course arrangement 課程安排

postgraduate 研究生

undergraduate 本科生 二.語句層次 ⒈否定句 ㈠部分否定句

部分否定句雖然是否定句的形式,但其否定意義只局限于整體的一部分。其形式為:概括詞all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。

例:There is a famous proverb saying that_______________________(閃光的東西并非都是金子)答案:all that glitters is not gold

(本題主要考察部分否定句。該諺語中,that glitters是一個定語從句,修飾前面的all)㈡完全否定句

完全否定句是針對部分否定句而言,這種否定是徹底的。其形式為:no,none等否定詞+肯定式謂語,常見的可以用于這一句型的否定意義的詞有:no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等,在這一句型中,不定代詞不能做主語。還有一種形式為all等概括詞+肯定式謂語+含否定意義的詞。

例:Cheap as it is,but__________________(我今天無論如何都買不到)答案:anyhow I will not buy it today

(本題主要考察完全否定句,anyhow意思是“無論如何都不”)此主題相關圖片如下:

1.Don’t you be told that __________________(這兩本書并非都是有益的)

2.Although most people like music,____________________________(但并非人人都想去聽

音樂會)

3.____________________________(他的一切計劃都泡湯了),so don’t count on his fulfilling the task on time.4.He is so excited_______________________________(他此時此刻的心情是無法用語言來形容的)答案: 1.both of the books are not helpful 2.everyone don’t want to go to the concert 3.All his plan came to nothing 4.that none of the words can describe his feeling 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練4 一.詞匯層次

仔細分析自改革以來的四級翻譯題,發(fā)現(xiàn)句句貼近生活,源于生活。因此了摘一些貼近大學生生活的詞匯。㈡大學生活類

back issues 過期刊物

dormitory 宿舍

cafeteria 自助小餐廳

lecture hall 階梯教室

call slip 索書單

library card 借書卡

campus 校園

overdue and pay a fine 過期存款

club 俱樂部

renew 續(xù)借

catalogue 目錄

shopping mall/center 購物中心

current account 現(xiàn)金帳戶

society 學生團體

current issues 本期刊物

student union 學生會

deposit money in a bank 存錢

withdraw/draw cash 取錢

dining hall 食堂 二.語句層次 ⒈否定句 ㈢雙重否定句

①其形式一為:主語+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+動名詞。Help from, refrain from, keep from等詞具有“抑制,忍住”等否定含義,與cannot等連用,具有雙重否定的意義。例:Having won the gold medal,___________________(他禁不住喜形于色)。答案:he could not refrain from showing his pleasure.(本題考察雙重否定句,refrain from的意思是“克制,避免”)②其形式二為:主語+cannot+but/choose but/help but+動詞原形。例:_______________________(我們別無選擇只好另投旅館住宿), since all the hotels here are with signs “Be Booked Up”.答案:We could not help but look for another one to stay in.(本題考察雙重否定句,“cannot help but”句型,注意這里but后要用動詞原形。)③其形式三為:(There be)no+主語+but+謂語。在此句型中,but是關系代詞,即代替前面的名詞,又引導后面的從句,并且具有否定意義。

例:He is so devoted to his experiment that______________________(沒有人感覺不到他對事業(yè)的熱愛)。

答案:not a man/no man but felt his love to his career

(本題考察雙重否定句型,“no+主語+but+謂語”,no相當于not a 或 not any)

1.___________________(我們忍不住笑起來)when he finished the story.2.______________________(人們不能不被他的事跡所感動)after knowing the bachelor has adopted five orphans.3.Don’t always stick to routines ,and you must know___________________(沒有無例外的規(guī)則)。

答案:1.We could not help laughing 2.One cannot but be moved by his deeds 3.there is no rule but has its exceptions 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練5 一.詞匯層次

仔細分析自改革以來的四級翻譯題,發(fā)現(xiàn)句句貼近生活,源于生活。因此了摘一些貼近大學生生活的詞匯。㈢交通規(guī)則類

amber light 黃燈

parking place 停車場

red light 紅燈

speed limit 速度限制

crash 撞車

traffic jam 交通擁擠

cross road 十字路

traffic light 紅綠燈

drive without license 無證駕駛

traffic police 交通警察

excessive speed 超速

traffic regulation 交通規(guī)則

green light 綠燈

zebra stripes 斑馬

narrow road 窄路 二.語句層次

2.判斷句 ㈠強調判斷句

①形式一:主語+be+no/none+other than/but+表語(強調內容)例:Plants which refine crude ores are mind,____________________(通常不是設在開采礦石的國家,而是設在其他國家)。

答案:are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are minded.(本題考察強調判斷句型“主語+be other than”同時也考察了代詞those 指代前面出現(xiàn)過的復數(shù)名詞的用法,those 后接了一個定語從句)②形式二:主語+be+nothing+(else)but/else than/less than+表語

例:The rich have their annoyances because ________________(有些人除了錢之外一無所有)。答案:someone have nothing but money

(本題考察強調判斷句型“主語+be+nothing+(else)but”,the rich 意思是“富人”,屬于“the+形容詞”表示一類人或物,表示一類人作主語時,謂語用復數(shù),表示抽象事物時,謂語用單數(shù)。③形式三:It is/was+強調部分+that/who+從句

例:________________________(做那個實踐的正是我父親)in the lab yesterday.答案:It was my father who did the experiment.(本題考察強調判斷句型,強調的賓語是the experiment,引導詞用who)

1.The tall figure that I saw__________________(不是別人,正是我們的校長)。

2.To everyone’s surprise,_____________(他只是一味的笑)。

3._____________________(這正是我父親做的那個試驗)in the lab yesterday.答案:1.was none other than our president

2.he did nothing else than laugh 3.It was the experiment that my father did 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練6 一.詞匯層次

仔細分析自改革以來的四級翻譯題,發(fā)現(xiàn)句句貼近生活,源于生活。因此了摘一些貼近大學生生活的詞匯。

(四)觀光旅游類

check-in 登記入住

sightseeing tour 觀光旅游

check-out 結賬離開

star-rated hotel 星級飯店

holiday resort 度假村

tour group 旅游團隊

one-way ticket 單程機票

tour guide 導游

place of sightseeing 瀏覽勝地

travel service 旅行社

room-service 客房服務

tourist attraction 旅游勝地

round-trip ticket 來回機票

vacation tour 度假旅游 二.語句層次

2.判斷句

(2)正反判斷句

①形式一 :主語+be +not+表語A +but+表語B 例:There are different opinions about the true meaning of life, but most people believe that_________________________________(生命并不一定要漫長,但是要五彩繽紛)。答案:life is not always long but it must be amazing

(本題考察正反判斷句,注意but后如果是一個完整的句子,主語一定要和前面的保持一致)②形式二:(It is)not ?that(who)?,but? that(who)?

例:It is not that I dislike the work,_________________________(而是我沒有時間)答案:but that I have no time

(本題考察正反判斷句,注意“not that ?but that”中的兩個that 均不能省略)

1.I am badly ill,______________________________(不是肉體上,而是精神上)。

2.It is not heroes who create the people, but the people ______________________(創(chuàng)造英雄并推動歷史向前)。

3.It is a big joke that __________________________(無論何時我聽到它都忍不住笑起來)。

4.The man who stolen my watch was ______________________(不是別人,正是約翰)。答案:1.not bodily, but mentally

2,who create heroes and move history onward 3.I can’t help laughing whenever I hear it 4.no other than John 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練7 一.詞匯層次

仔細分析自改革以來的四級翻譯題,發(fā)現(xiàn)句句貼近生活,源于生活。因此了摘一些貼近大學生

生活的詞匯 社會熱點類

assistant president 總裁助理

compulsory education 義務教育

advance with times 與時俱進

computer crime 電腦犯罪

bid for the Olympic Games 申辦奧運會

divorce 離婚

birth control 計劃生育

dropout student 失學兒童

brain drain 人才外流 eliminate illiteracy 掃盲

economic globalization/integration

bubble economy 泡沫經(jīng)濟

care for senior citizens 關心老年人 經(jīng)濟全球化

education for all-round development

cost of living maintenance 生活費用

comprehensive national power 綜合國力 素質教育 二.語句層次

2.判斷句 ㈢比較判斷句

①形式一:主語+be +less/more+表語A+ than+表語B 例:He does everything with great care but I think ________________________(與其說他謹慎,不如說他是怯懦)。

答案:he is more poltroon than cautious.(本題考察比較判斷句型“more ? than ”的用法,它的意思是“與其說?不如說?”,more和than后接對稱成分)②形式二:主語+be +not so much+表語A +as+表語B 例:Judging from his words, we can know that___________________________(他不是生病,而是情緒低落)。

答案:he isn’t so much ill as depressed.(本題考察比較判斷句型 not so much ? as, 意思是“不是?而是?”)③形式三:主語+be+ rather表語A+ than+ 表語B 例:He who can recite 500 poems_____________________________(與其說他聰明,不如說他勤奮。)答案:is rather diligent than clever

(本題考察比較判斷句型“rather ? than”的用法,它的意思是“與其說?不如說?”,和rather than后接對稱成分)

1.One blind man says that____________________________(與其說大象像別的東西,不如說它像一根長矛。)

2.Scientists believe that_____________________________(與其說海洋分隔了世界,倒不如說海洋連接了各國。)

3.Experience shows that success is _______________________(應更多的歸功與熱忱而非能力)答案:

1.the elephant is more like a spear than anything else

2.Oceans don’t so much divide the world as unite it

3.due less to ability than to zeal 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練8 一.句型復習

㈠部分否定句

部分否定句雖然是否定句的形式,但其否定意義只局限于整體的一部分。其形式為:概括詞all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。㈡完全否定句

完全否定句是針對部分否定句而言,這種否定是徹底的。其形式為:no,none等否定詞+肯定式謂語,常見的可以用于這一句型的否定意義的詞有:no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等,在這一句型中,不定代詞不能做主語。還有一種形式為all等概括詞+肯定式謂語+含否定意義的詞。㈢雙重否定句

①其形式一為:主語+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+動名詞。Help from, refrain from, keep from等詞具有“抑制,忍住”等否定含義,與cannot等連用,具有雙重否定的意義。②其形式二為:主語+cannot+but/choose but/help but+動詞原形。③其形式三為:(There be)no+主語+but+謂語。在此句型中,but是關系代詞,即代替前面的名詞,又引導后面的從句,并且具有否定意義。今天的作業(yè)分兩部分.一.單詞漢譯英 ①申請表 ③目錄 ②本科生 ④學生會 二.翻譯句子

1.______________________(我的所有朋友都不抽煙除了你),so my parents don't want me to stay with you.2.We have no need to run after luxury,because _____________________(高價格并不一定意味著高品質)

3.My teacher always scold us even for making a small mistake.I think she doesn't realize that _______________________(人人都要缺點。)答案:

①application form ③catalogue ②undergraduate ④student union

1.None of my friends smoke except you

2.a high price does not necessarily mean good quality 3.there is no man without faults 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練9 一.詞匯層次

仔細分析自改革以來的四級翻譯題,發(fā)現(xiàn)句句貼近生活,源于生活。因此了摘一些貼近大學生生活的詞匯。(五)社會熱點類

Preserve the ecological environment Net citizen 網(wǎng)民

Off line 下線 保護生態(tài)環(huán)境 New Human Being 新新人類

Prime time 黃金時段 Online love affair 網(wǎng)戀

Puppy love 早戀 Online trading platform 網(wǎng)上交易平臺

Rate of unemployment 失業(yè)率 People oriented/ people foremost 以人為本

Rural population 鄉(xiāng)村人口 Pioneering spirit 首創(chuàng)精神

Self-protection awareness自我保護意識

Self-service ticketing 無人售票

Single parent family 單親家庭

Shopping online 網(wǎng)上購物

Surf the internet 網(wǎng)上沖浪 二.語句層次

3.倍數(shù)表示句型

①形式一:主語+be+倍數(shù)+that of+被比較對象或as+形容詞+as+被比較對象

例:By that time we shall________________(生產(chǎn)的糧食將比2006年增加了3倍)。答案:produce four times as much grain as we did 2006

(本題考察倍數(shù)表達法,倍數(shù)表達法要分清是原來的幾倍,此題“增加了3倍”即是原來的四倍,另外,as?as中間要用形容詞原型。)②形式二:主語+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍數(shù)+compared with+被比較對象 例:The new buiding’s area_________________(將是舊樓的兩倍)。答案:will be attain to 2 times of the old one

(本題考察倍數(shù)表達法,of引出比較的對象,one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的building,翻譯的時候要顧及到句子的前后,不要只看所要填的部分)。③形式三:主語+increase+(by)百分數(shù)+compare with 例:The output of June in our factory ________________(比5月份的產(chǎn)量增加了150%)答案:increase by 150% compared with that of May

(本題考察倍數(shù)表達法,句型increase by ?compared with,that代指output,that的這種用法在倍數(shù)表達句子中常用到。)

1.The average income of the staff has been ______________(與去年相比增加了50%)

2.The size of the newly broadened square __________________(是以前的四倍大)

3.After the new technique was introduced,the factory_______________(2000年能生產(chǎn)的卡車是往年的兩倍)答案:

1.increased by 50 percent compared with last year

2.is four times that of the previous one 3.produced twice as many trucks in 2000 as the year before 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練10 今天我們一起來復習判斷句。一.句型復習

2.判斷句

(1)強調判斷句

①形式一:主語+be+no/none+other than/but+表語(強調內容)②形式二:主語+be+nothing+(else)but/else than/less than+表語 ③形式三:Itis/was+強調部分+that/who+從句

(2)正反判斷句

①形式一 :主語+be +not+表語A+but+表語B ②形式二:(It is)not ?that(who)?,but? that(who)?

(3)比較判斷句

①形式一:主語+be +less/more+表語A+than+表語B ②形式二:主語+be +not so much+表語A+as+表語B ③形式三:主語+be+ rather表語A+ than+ 表語B

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練11

語句層次

五.倒裝讓步句型

㈠形式一:表語+as +主語(代詞)+系動詞,+主句

例:_________________(盡管這些貴族們非常傲慢),they are afraid to see you.答案:Proud as these nobles are

(本題考察倒裝句,as引導的讓步狀語從句常倒裝,將表語提到句首,如果 表語是可數(shù)名詞,則其前面不加冠詞)㈡形式二:表語+系動詞+主語(名詞),+主句

例:Nobody knows ________________(這就是Albert Einstein ,一位偉大的物理學家)答案:such is Albert Einstein,a great physicist

(本題考察倒裝句,表語such提到了句首,后面的主語省略了主謂語)㈢形式三:副詞或動詞原型+as+主語?,+主句

例:_____________________(我們怎么盡力),we could not accomplish it on time.答案:Try as we might

(本題考察倒裝句,as 引導的讓步狀語從句的謂語提前,句子倒裝)

1._______________(盡管你讀的快),we could not accomplish it.2._______________(盡管還是個孩子),he knows much knowledge of science.3.If we won’t agree to your plan, _______________(他們也不會同意)。答案: 1.Fast as you read

2.Child as he is

3.neither will they 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練12 語句層次

六.It作形式主語時的常用句型 ㈠形式一:It is+形容詞+that/wh-從句

例:It is important_____________________(保持生態(tài)平衡)。答案:that we should keep the balance of nature

(本題考查It 作形式主語時的用法,英語中的主語從句有時為了避免頭重腳輕,常用it 作形式主語,而真正的主語用that引導放在后面)㈡形式二:It+不及物動詞+that?

例:He has been here only three days and

_______________________(由此可見他對那事一無所知)。答案:it follows that he knows nothing about that

(本題考查 It+不及物動詞+that?結構,注意前后句子時態(tài)的一致)㈢形式三:It+be+名詞+that?

例:It is our wish that__________________(他愛怎么樣就怎么樣)答案:he does what he pleases

(本題考查 It作形式主語的同時,涉及了考試大虛擬語氣的考查,在it is our wish/hope that 等結構中,從句子的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形這樣的虛擬語氣)㈣形式四:It+be+done+that?

例:It is said that____________________(宇宙形成于一次大爆炸以后)答案:the universe formed after the Big Explode

(本題考查 It作形式主語的用法,常用于It+be+done+that?,結構的動詞有report, announce, expert等,常譯為“據(jù)說”,“據(jù)報道”)

1.He told us not to wait for him because___________________(他是否來還不敢肯定)。

2.He has no intention of making progress so__________________(你老是幫助他是沒有用的)

3.(后來證實)________________she is a friend of my sister.4.Nevertheless,_________________(不可否認的是),it can bring some side-effects 答案:1.it was uncertain whether he would come

3.It turned out that 2.it is no use that you always help him 4.it cannot be denied that 大學英語四級翻譯輕松練13 模擬演練:

1.She never laughed,_____________________(也從不發(fā)脾氣)。

2.All the key words in the article are printed in bold type so as to__________________(吸引讀者的注意力)。

3.The room is in a terrible mess,it____________________(肯定沒打掃過)。

4.(這個計劃成功的關鍵)____________________is good planning.5.When I __________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)他騙我)I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.答案:

1.nor did she ever lose temper/become angry

(本題有兩個考察點,第一,表示“兩個都不”的否定詞應該用nor,要把它置于句首句子要有倒裝,第二,“發(fā)脾氣”的表達法:lose temper/become angry)

2.draw /attract reader’s attention

(考察draw /attract reader’s attention “引起某人注意”, so as to 后接do sth.)

3.can’t have been cleaned

(“情態(tài)動詞+have done”表示推測,can’t表示不可能,如考試大推測的事為過去式,則情態(tài)動詞后用完成式)

4.The key to the success of this project

(key在這里解答、關鍵,其后一般接介詞to)

5.found/caught him cheating me

(本題考察find/catch+賓語+賓補結構,表示發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事,cheat是及物動詞,直接接賓語)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練14 模擬演練:

1.Athough punctual himself, the professor was quite used _________________________(習慣了學生遲到)in his lecture。

2.I suggested he ___________________(使自己適應)his new conditions.3.When Mr.Robert gets old,______________________(他將把生意傳給)to his son.4.My teacher always scold us even for making a small mistake, I think she don’t realize that ____________________(人人都有缺點)。

5.His remarks left me________________________(想知道他的真實目的)。答案:

1.to students’ being late for

(本題考查點之一是be used to+doing/noun結構,表示過去習慣于做某事,要注意它和

used to +do 結構之間的區(qū)別,后者表示“過去有規(guī)律的習慣性動作或狀態(tài),而現(xiàn)在已不存在了”考查點之二:be late for “遲到”。考察點之三:one’s doing 非謂語動詞的復合結構。)

2.should adapt himself to

(本題主要考查虛擬語氣,suggest作建議時,其賓語從句中要用虛擬句型“suggest that sb do sth”結構,還考查短語adapt oneself to?意為使自己適應或習慣于。。)

3.hand over his business

(本題考查“傳給”的表達法,“轉交權力或產(chǎn)業(yè)”等用hand over)

4.everybody has faults/there is no man without fault

(本題可從正面直譯,也可以考試大采用雙重否定進行反譯,比較兩種答案可以看出雙重否定句更具感染力)

5.wondering about his real purpose

(本題考查leave sb doing 結構,表示“讓某人繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)中”)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練15 模擬演練:

1.The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps_________________(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.2.No pain,no gain,genius is ________________(也只不過是努力和勤奮)。

3.John seems a nice person,________________(即使這樣),I don’t trust him.4._____________________(我們沒有人料到校長會出現(xiàn))at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.5.The price of beer_____________________(從30美分到5美分不等)per liter during the summer season.答案:

1.had to be operated manually

(have to 意為“不得不”其否定形式意思是“不一定”或“沒有必要”pumps 是被操作,所以要用被動語態(tài),“手工”修飾“操作”所以要用副詞形式)

2.nothing but labor and diligence

(本題考查nothing but?這個強調考試大判斷句型,意為“也只不過是”)

3.even so

(even so “雖然如此,即使這樣”)

4.None of us expected the headmaster to turn up

(本題考查全部否定,考查“expect sb to do sth”,expect要用過去時,還考查固定短語“turn up”,表示在某場合出現(xiàn))

5.ranges/varies from 30 cents to 5cents(本題考查句型“range/vary?from?to”意為“從?到?范圍內的變化”)

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練16 模擬演練:

1.If you won’t agree to our plan,_________________(他們也不會同意)

2.___________________(正是由于她太沒經(jīng)驗)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.3.The fifth generation computers,with artificial intelligence,_________________(正在研

制)and perfected now.4.He wears a pair of sunglasses__________________(唯恐被別人認出來)

5.Buying clothes________________(是一件很耗時的工作),because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.答案:

1.neither will they

(neither 表示“兩者都不”也表示考試大“也,也不”的句子,要用部分倒裝)

2.It is because she is too inexperienced

(本題考查句型it is because(that)”表示“正是由于”,因為“沒有經(jīng)驗”在句中作表語,所以將其譯為形容詞形式的“inexperienced”)

3.are being developed

(“be being done”現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)表示此時此刻某事正在被做,其中動詞be應隨主語作相應變化)

4.for fear that he should be recognized

(for fear that 意為“唯恐,就怕”其后要用虛擬語氣)5.is often a very time-consuming job

(本題關鍵在于“耗時”該如何翻譯,合成詞time-consuming簡練而準確)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練17 模擬演練:

1.I should say Henry is _______________(與其說是個作家不如說是)as a reporter.2.Mr.John is a happy man who_________________(從幫助別人中得到快樂)。

3.The sports meet which was planned to be held last Friday____________________________(最終因天氣不好而取消了)。

4.Cancer is ______________(僅次于)heart disease as a cause of death.5.It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have____________________(這么好的天氣)。

答案:1.not so much a writer

(“與其說,不如說”可以用not so much?as?的結構來表達)

2.derives pleasure from helping others

(“derive from ”意為“從?獲得?”,from是介詞,所以后面要接動名詞。要注意區(qū)分“derive?from”和“deprive sb.Of?”后者意為“剝奪某人的?”)

3.was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather

(分析題干可知句子的主語為“the sports meet”, which was planned to be held last Friday是修飾它的定語從句,且事情發(fā)生在過去,故謂語動詞應該用過去時單數(shù)。因動詞“取消”的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,因此要用被動語態(tài)?！叭∠钡谋磉_法有“call off,cancel”等)

4.second only to.(本題考查be second to的結構,注意不要漏譯副詞“僅僅”)5.such fine weather.(such 可以表示“如此,這般”之意,其后可直接跟名詞,表強調)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練18 模擬演練:

1.___________________(據(jù)我所知),this is the first time a Chinese rider has won the competition.2.You are never________________(老到不能獲得圣誕長襪所帶來的快樂。)

3._____________________(他們幾乎從來沒有分開過)in thirty years of marriage.4.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives__________________(起著重要的作用)in raising children.5.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you__________________(不采用任何措施)about it for the time being.答案:

1.So far as I know/As far as I know

(本題考查固定用法so/as as sb knows, 據(jù)某人所知)

2.too old to enjoy a Christmas stocking

(本題考查too?to?的句型,表示“太?以至于不能?”,還考查enjoy一詞的用法,enjoy sth 表示“享受某事帶來的樂趣”)

3.They were hardly ever parted

(本題主要考查否定詞hardly,考試大意為“幾乎從來沒有”,由于它沒有置于句首,句子用正常語序即可,be parted 意為“分開”)

4.play important roles

(本題考查“play a part/role in doing sth”結構,表示“起著?作用,飾演?的角色”)

5.not to do anything /not to take any action(“would rather ”的否定形式是would rather not to do ,would rather 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化?！安扇〈胧笨勺g為“do something”或“take some action”

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練19

1.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I__________________(本來不必從銀行借錢)。

2.We are a competitive company looking for creative people willing to work __________________(盡其所能)。

3.I have no objection__________________(再聽聽你的故事)。

4.Sorry I didn’t realize ____________________(這是個如此敏感的問題)。

5.If this can’t be settled reasonably ,it may be necessary to _________________(訴諸武力)。

答案:考試大

1.needn’t have borrowed it from the bank

(本題考查虛擬語氣,“本來”意味著與過去事實相反,因此用have+動詞過去分詞,譯文中用it指代前文提到的money,避免了重復)

2.to the best of their ability

(本題考查慣用詞組“to the best of one’s ability”,意為“盡某人所能,盡最大努力”)

3.to hearing your story again

(本題考查objection的用法,其通常和介詞to連用,后面接動名詞。Have no objection to doing sth,意為“對做某事沒有意見”)

4.it was such a sensitive issue

(本題考查強調句型it is such a?“敏感話題”譯為“sensitive issue”)

5.resort to force(本題考查it is necessary to do sth, 用resort to sth 來表示“訴諸,求助于某物”)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練20

1.He wrote to say ___________________(他們終究還是不能給我一份工作).2.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means__________________(想找麻煩).3.I would_______________(不會訴諸法律)a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.4.This popular sports car_________________(正在生產(chǎn)出來)out at the rate of a thousand a week.5.Mark often_________________(試圖逃脫罰款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.答案:考試大

1.they couldn’t give me a job after all

(本句直譯即可,say后面一般跟賓語從句,所譯的部分即為從句內容,“終究”用after all來表示)

2.to make trouble

(本題考查固定短語make trouble“找麻煩”,此外還考查mean to do sth的結構)

3.have never resorted to

(本題考查虛擬語氣的形式,根據(jù)從句用的hadn’t been 可知,主句應用would have done 的形式。Resort to 用于表示“訴諸”)

4.is now being turned

(根據(jù)時間副詞“正在”和“車是被生產(chǎn)的”這一概念可以判斷出譯文應用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài),即be being 動詞的過去分詞形式,本題另一難點在“turn out”生產(chǎn)這個詞組上,題干只給出了out,需要填入turn將其補全)

5.attempts to escape being fined(本題考查固定短語attempt to do sth表示“努力做某事”,其次考查escape的用法,其后要接動名詞形式,常與介詞from搭配)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練21

1.I don’t mind you___________________(延期做出決定)the decision as long as it is not too late.2.________________(真是不湊巧),the one who I wanted to call on wasn’t in.3.But for his help,I_________________(不可能這么早完成)。

4.She never dreams of ___________________(被派到國外)

5.This leaflet tells you ____________________(怎么在旅行期間防止生病)答案:考試大

1.I don’t mind you delaying making(延期做出決定)the decision as long as it is not too late.(本題考查mind以及delay“延期”這兩個詞的用法。首先mind作為及物動詞時,后面通常接名詞、代詞、動詞的ing形式、復合機構、從句等,delay后接動詞時,應該接動詞的ing形式)

2.As chance would have it(真是不湊巧),the one who I wanted to call on wasn’t in.(本題考查慣用表達as chance would have it,意為“湊巧、偏偏、不巧”)

3.But for his help,I would not have finished so early(不可能這么早完成)。

(but for 意為“要不是”暗示句子應該用虛擬語氣,根據(jù)句意可知是與過去事實相反,所以用would+have+過去分詞結構)

4.She never dreams of being sent abroad(被派到國外)

(本題考查dream of的用法,后接doing sth,但注意此處要用被動語態(tài),還考查“派到國外”,“派遣某人”通常用send,到國外譯為abroad)

5.This leaflet tells you how to avoid getting ill while traveling(怎么在旅行期間防止生病)(本題考查tell sb sth結構,因此所譯部分為名詞性從句,其中要注意aviod后接動名詞,故get要用ing形式)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練22

1.We should recognize that every company and every person is_________________________(顧客和供應者漫長鏈條的一部分)。

2.I’d rather________________(你別發(fā)表任何意見)on the issue for the time being.3.He always dreams of _________________(有個機會)for him to bring into full play his potential.4.We had to start at exactly the same time,_____________________(所以我們必須核準手表)。

5.He has just arrived, but he talks____________________(似乎什么都知道了)。答案:考試大

1.We should recognize that every company and every person is part of a long chain of customers and suppliers(顧客和供應者漫長鏈條的一部分)。

(本題考查名詞chain的用法。原句說顧客和供應者之間是一種鏈條關系,chain的意思是“鏈條,一系列”符合題意)

2.I’d rather you didn’t make any comment(你別發(fā)表任何意見)on the issue for the time being.(本題考查would rather 的用法,此外還考查 make comment 這個詞組,意為“發(fā)表意見”)

3.He always dreams of there being a chance(有個機會)for him to bring into full play his potential.(本題考查短語用法,dream of 后面接名詞或動名詞,there being 是there be 的動名詞形式,是本題的正確表達法)

4.We had to start at exactly the same time, so we had our watches checked(所以我們必須核追手表)。

(本題考查have sth done 的句型。句中的因果關系提示原因是要同時出發(fā),那么其結果是要對表,動詞check就是為準確性而做的調查或檢驗)

5.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he knows about that(似乎什么都知道了)(本題考查as if 的用法,as if 后要用虛擬語氣,同時根據(jù)前半句的時態(tài),后半句也要求用完成時態(tài))大學英語四級翻譯輕松練23

1.Because of advances in the medical technology, heart surgery is not _______________________(像以前那么危險)。

2.The heroic fighter would rather die with his head high _________________________(也不愿跪著求生)。

3.Only one week later, Mr.Smith came to realize ___________________________(不是我就是他錯了)。

4.When the World War Two was over, Britain ___________________________(釋放了大部分的戰(zhàn)俘)。

5.When I refused to move my car, he ______________________(勃然大怒)and threatened to call the police.答案:1.Because of advances in the medical technology, heart surgery is not as dangerous as it formerly was(像以前那么危險)。

(本題考查同級比較短as?as, 第二個as后可用短語也可以用從句,此句要用一個從句)考試大

2.The heroic fighter would rather die with his head high than live with his knees bent(也不愿跪著求生)。

(本題考查“寧愿?也不愿?”的表達方式would rather?than?, 跪著求生是live with his knees bent)

3.Only one week later, Mr.Smith came to realize either I or he was wrong(不是我就是他錯了)。

(本題考查短語“不是?就是?”的表達方法either?or?,另外注意謂語形式的就近原則)

4.When the World War Two was over, Britain sets free most of war prisoners(釋放了大部分的戰(zhàn)俘)。

(本題考查是短語“釋放”的表達方式set free)

5.When I refused to move my car, he flew into a rage(勃然大怒)and threatened to call the police.(本題考查短語“勃然大怒” fly into a rage)

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練24 模擬演練:

1.My brother was very ill, so _________________(我只得把醫(yī)生請來)in the middle of the night.2.Don’t you know it’s the first time _____________________(他參加這種會議)

3.You should ____________________(留心任何一點變化)in the patient while the doctor is away.4._________________________(他是否是工作的合適人選)is still a controversial issue.5.In previous times, _____________________(當鮮肉供應不足時), pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.答案: 考試大

1.My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor(我只得把醫(yī)生請來)in the middle of the night.(本題考查have to 的用法,意為“只好,不得不”,表示客觀的需要)

2.Don’t you know it’s the first time he has attended this kind of meeting.(他參加這種會議)

(本題考查時態(tài),在“It is the time that”結構中,that引導的分句要用現(xiàn)在完成時)

3.You should keep an eye on the slightest changes(留心任何一點變化)in the patient while the doctor is away.(本題考查動詞短語:keep an eye on,意為“留心,注意”)考試大

4.Whether he is the right person for the job(他是否是工作的合適人選)is still a controversial issue.(本題考查名詞性從句的用法,whether引導名詞性從句,意為“是否”)

5.In previous times, when fresh meat was in short supply(當鮮肉供應不足時), pigeons

were kept by many households as a source of food.(本題考查固定詞組“be in short supply”,意為“不足的,缺乏的”)

大學英語四級翻譯輕松練25 1._____________________(我看到她和他們在一起),at least,I thought it was her.examda.com

2.The establishment of the company shall start from ____________________(公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照簽發(fā)之日)。

3.After the new technique was introduced, the factory _________________________(2000年能生產(chǎn)的卡車是往年的兩倍)

4.Did you mean I should keep the receipt? _______________________(恐怕我已經(jīng)撕掉了)examda.com

5._____________________(不管你多么努力),you won’t be able to do it alone.大學英語四級翻譯輕松練26 1.____________________(你說的我大部分同意),but I can not go all the way with you.2.They knew her very well.___________________________(他們看著她長大).3.If tap water was as dangerous as some people think, ____________________________(那我們中更多人將得病).4._______________________(考慮到所有問題),the planned trip will have to be called off.5.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which ______________________(來支撐他的觀點).答案:1.Much of what you say I agree with(你說的我大部分同意),but I can not go all the way with you.(本題考察疑問代詞引導名詞性從句的用法,句中疑問代詞是what)

2.They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood(他們看著她長大)。

(本題考察see sb do sth和see sb doing sth 的句型,原句說,他們看著她長大,強調的是成長的過程,而非正在成長的動作,若用doing則表示動詞的連續(xù)性、進行性)考試大

3.If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, a lot more of us would be getting sick(那我們中更多人將得病)。

(本題考察比較級修飾詞的用法,a lot 修飾比較級時應前置)考試大

4.All things considered(考慮到所有問題),the planned trip will have to be called off.(本題考察分詞的獨立結構,consider為過去分詞,構成獨立結構)

5.to base his arguments The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his arguments(來支撐他的觀點)。

(本題測試定語從句的縮略形式,根據(jù)句意,介詞on置于關系代詞之前,應構成“to base his argument on the grounds”的合理意義,答案省譯了on the grounds)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練27 模擬演練:

1.This book ________________________(條理不清),Some parts are even contradictory.2.Unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are _____________________(幾乎和原件質量一模一樣).3.The snow ___________________(已持續(xù)下了幾個小時)and the ground is completely covered.4.Fertilizer are used primary to enrich the soil and _______________________(提高產(chǎn)量)?？荚嚧?/p>

5.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through ______________________(電視傳輸)from the United States.答案:

1.This book does not have an integrated structure(條理不清),Some parts are even contradictory.(本題考查形容詞用法。Integrated意思是“整體的,綜合的”)考試大

2.Unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are virtually identical in quality to the original(幾乎和原件質量一模一樣)

(本題考查固定短語用語,identical “同一的,相同的”,后接to或with,be identical to/with sth 表示“和?一模一樣”)

3.The snow has been steadily falling for hours(已持續(xù)下了幾個小時)and the ground is completely covered.(本題考查時態(tài)和動詞用法。此句應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時來表示“某個動作的持續(xù)”,動詞fall特指“降落”)

4.Fertilizer are used primary to enrich the soil and to increase yield(提高產(chǎn)量)。

(本題考查平行結構,to increase用來與to enrich保持結構上的平行)

5.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised transmissions(電視傳輸)from the United States.大學英語四級翻譯輕松練28 1.It is recommended that ____________________(工程不動工)until all preparations have been made.2.______________________(而不是讓蔬菜爛掉),he sold them at half price.3.______________________(這個陌生人占這位年輕姑娘的便宜)and cheated her out of five dollars.4.______________________(事實既然如此),there are no grounds to justify your complaints.5.We ______________________(已投入所有的時間和精力)in this plan, and we don’t want it to fail.答案:

1.It is recommended that the project not be started(工程不動工)until all preparations have been made.(本題考查虛擬語氣,根據(jù)主句中的recommended 可知從句部分應用虛擬語氣,即所填內容應用虛擬語氣?！肮こ獭辈皇恰皠庸ぁ钡倪壿嬛髡Z,故應用被動語態(tài))

2.Rather than allow the vegetable to go bad(而不是讓蔬菜爛掉),he sold them at half price.(本題考查rather than 的用法,rather than 意思為“而不是”是連接詞,連接平行結構，還考查“allow?to do sth”)

3.The stranger took advantage of the young girl(這個陌生人占這位年輕姑娘的便宜)and cheated her out of five dollars.(本題考查固定短語和時態(tài),take advantage of意思為“占便宜,欺騙”)

4.Such being the case(事實既然如此),there are no grounds to justify your complaints.(從句部分是一個獨立主格結構,前后主語不一致,考試大在句中做條件狀語)

5.We have invested all our time and effort(已投入所有的時間和精力)in this plan, and we don’t want it to fail.(本題考查動詞“invest”的用法,invest意思是“投入時間,金錢精力”,后接介詞in)大學英語四級翻譯輕松練29

1.He has been studying here for three years, by next summer _______________________(他就畢業(yè)).2.Today the small town is better _____________________(保護自己免遭洪水危害)than it was 20 years ago.3.You remain about the same as when you parted with us _____________________(只是更瘦了一點).4.He has a large collection of books, ___________________(其中有許多用英語寫的).5.The special needs of old people housing ______________________(已引起了房屋設計者的更多關注).大學英語四級翻譯輕松練30

1.Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, ________________________(而不是按你自己的意思去解釋).2.She reached the top of the hill and ____________________(停下來休息)on a big rock by the side of the path.3.Your proposal looks good on paper, but I am not convinced _________________________(它能付諸實施).4.The mad man was put in the soft padded cell __________________________(以免他傷害了自己).5.The newcomers found it impossible to ____________________(適應氣候)sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.答案:1.Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours(而不是按你自己的意思去解釋)

(本題考查名詞性物主代詞作介詞賓語時的語法功能,這里的名詞性考試大物主代詞是yours,作介詞in的賓語)

2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest(停下來休息)on a big rock by the side of the path

(本題考查stop的用法,stop to do 意思是停止做某事后去做另一件事,stop doing sth意思是停止做某事。由題意可知,她到了山頂,停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息,因此應選擇“stop to do”停止做某事后去做另一件事)

3.Your proposal looks good on paper, but I am not convinced it can be put into effect(它能付諸實施)

(本題考查被動語態(tài)和常用介詞詞組,put into effect 意思是付諸實施)

4.The mad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he injure himself(以免他傷害了自己)

(本題考查“l(fā)est”的用法,用lest連接句子謂語部分用should加原形動詞,should可省略)

5.The newcomers found it impossible to adapt themselves to the climate(適應氣候)sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country

第二篇：大學英語四級寫作

Exercise

For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling.You should write at least 120words following the outline given below:

1.如今不少學生在英語學習中不重視拼寫

2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是……

3.為了改變這種狀況，我認為……

Outline：

I.fewer and fewer students pay attention to their word-spelling

1.can only imitate the pronunciation of a word but be incapable of spelling it

II.There are some causes for it

1.fewer and fewer students need to write English essays

2.the goal of most students to learn English is to speak it and pass the examination

3.the wide use of electronic devices such as e-dictionaries and computers

III.Measures should be taken to solve the problem.1.we need to attach great importance to word-spelling.2.should write English as much as they can

3.the dictations should be reinforced in the class.滿分范文：

Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling

Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study.This phenomenon greatly influences students’ writing and brings on worries among teachers.There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon.First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling.Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching.Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it.As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help student pay more attention to spelling.Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance.Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling.Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.大學生應該學選擇什么書讀？

Reading regularly has long become a common part of people’s life.And reading preference has always aroused the greatest concern.What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonfictions, science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accounts for 65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively.The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part.That is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other

types of books do.What is more, science and art books which require readers’ knowledge on

relevant fields are highly demanding.For example, it’s hard for students majoring in chemistry to

understand Browning’s poems, and vice versa.When talking about my reading preference, I think I prefer to science books.On the one hand,in order to deepen what I’m specializing in, I need read more books relevant to my major.On the

other hand, these books can also broaden our horizons.In brief, college students should choose

books according to their interests and needs.2.對比選擇型作文模板

1.Different people have different views on——

2.Some people prefer,——.3.Others tend to, ——.4.As to me, I agree with /to ——

5.Of course,——.6.For example,——

7.But,——

8.The following reasons can account for my preference——

9.The main reason is ——.10.A good example to illustrate is ——

11.Fur another,——

12.From the foregoing（綜上所述）,——

1．開門見山直入主體，表明對某事人們的不同看法。(上述12點譯文)

2．表明一部分人的看法。

3．另一部分的看法。

4．作者的看法。

5．承認自己不贊同的看法有一定的合理性。

6.舉例說明支持第五句。轉折指出這種觀點的不足。啟下句過度到下段具體闡述自己所支持的觀點的理由。

9.支持觀點的理由一。

10.舉例說明理由一。

11.理由二。

12.總結全文，從長遠看來。

Is a test of spoken necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English

Test(CET).Different people have different views on it.Some prefer to have such a test.Others

tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English.As to me, I agree with the first statement.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long

enough to fully display participants’ ability to spoken in English.For example, if a candidate

draws a topic which he or she is not familiar with, it’s hard to show his or her command of spoken

English.But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practise spoken English.The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances college students’ awareness of the importance

of spoken English.A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only

stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability.For

another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier.From the foregoing, I think a test

of spoken English is of necessity.3.問題解決型作文模板

1.Withthedevelopment/improvementof ——,——.2.It is necessary that——.3.On the one hand, ——.4.On the other hand, ——

5.Therefore, how to —— is worth paying attention.6.Firstly——7.Secondly——

8.For example,——9.Thirdly, ——.10.In other words,——

11.In fact, ways to —— are countless.12.It’s time that ——

1．空格一處鋪墊，空格二處填寫某一問題。

2．關注解決現(xiàn)象引出的問題很必要

3．解決問題很必要的理由一。

4．解決問題很必要的理由二。

5．承上啟下，填要解決的問題。

6.解決辦法一。解決辦法二。

8.舉例解釋解決辦法二。

9.解決辦法三。

10.闡明解決辦法三。

11.指出解決問題的辦法多種多樣。

12.強調解決問題時不可待。

Reduce Waste on Campus

With the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious.It is

necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus.On the one hand, our waste

has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity.On the other

hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention.Firstly, we should

turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as

possible.Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes.For

example, we should use a basin when we clean faces.Thirdly, we should be economical.In other

words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need.In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless.It’s time that we cultivate the

habit of thrift in every possible way.4.觀點論證型作文模板

1.It is true that——.2.However,——.3.I think——.4.—— can be listed as follow.5.First of all, ——

6.Secondly ——

7.For example——

8.Thirdly,——

9.A case in point is ——.10.It goes without saying that ——

11.There is no doubt that ——

12.In conclusion ——

1．提出普遍存在地觀點。

2．談不同地觀點。

3．自己地觀點，即文章地論點4．過度句，轉折到觀點地論證，由題目選擇具體的詞。5．論

證理由一

6．論證理由二。

7．舉例具體說明理由二。

8.論證理由三。

9.舉例說明理由三。

10.提出執(zhí)行該觀點時應注意的事項。

11.得出結論。

12.總結全文。

It Pays to Be Honest

It is true that most of us value honesty highly.However, nowadays we often confront

confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc.I think that we should be

honest.The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends

over a long period of time.Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people,can make our life easier and more harmonious.For example, consumers will not be afraid of being

overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more customers.Thirdly,honesty can make our society more stable.A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of

trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate.It goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the collective and the

individual.There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty.In conclusion, laying

stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.應用文作文模板

建議信模板

Dear——

1.I am delighted to learn that——.2.It——.3.In my opinion,——.4.On the one hand,——.5.On the other hand, ——

6.As to the——, I suggest——.7.If ——

8.It is unnecessary for you to——

9.In addition,——.10.I am sure——

11.Please inform me ——

12.I am looking forward to ——

1．寫信的原因。

2．引出作者的建議。

3．表達建議內容。

4．提出建議的理由一。

5．建議的理由二。

6．具體到某一方面的建議內容。

7．供被建議人選擇的條件。

8．建議內容的另一方面。

9．其它的建議。

10．對建議內容的評價。

11.對建議內容所做出的承諾。

12.表達個人的愿望。

Sincerel

Signature:(個人簽名)

A Letter to a Schoolmate

June 7th, 2010

Dear Wang,I am delighted to learn that you will visit me for a week during this national days.It has been

several years since we departed last time, and I am looking forward to your visit.In my opinion,Nanjing is your best choice for this holiday.On the one hand, there are many places of interest and

historical sites in Nanjing.On the other hand, Nanjing is a cultural center with various artistic and

musical performances.As to the famous sites, I suggest that you should visit the Confucius Temple and Dr.Sun

Yat-sen Mausoleum.If you are interested in parks, the XXX park will be your best choice.It is not

necessary for you to bring anything except your sweaters since it is a little chill in the evening.In

addition, as there will be many people at the railway station, you should not leave your belongings

unattended!I am sure you will enjoy your visit in Nanjing.Please inform me once you have made your decision.I am looking forward to seeing you

soon.，yours

Sincerely Yours,Zhang Ying

第三篇：大學英語四級寫作——經(jīng)典模塊

大學英語四級考試寫作模板——經(jīng)典范文模塊

一、不同觀點列舉型 There is a widespread concern over the issue that(作 文 題 目),but it is well know that the opinion concerning this hot topic various from person to person.A majority of people think that(觀點一).In their views there are factors contributing to this attitude as

fellow.In the first place ,(原因一),Further more ,in the secend place ,(原因二).So it goes without saying that(觀點一).People ,however differ in their opinions ,on this mather ,some people hold the idea that(觀點二).In their point of view ,on the hand ,(原 因 一),on the other hand ,(原因二).There is no doubt that(觀點二).As far as i am concerned ,i firmly support the view the(觀點一或觀點二).It is not only because(),but

also because().The more.the more().二、利弊型的議論文 Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over the issue that(作文題目).In fact,there are both advantages in().Generally speaking ,it is widely believed that

there are several positive aspects as follows.Fisrtly(優(yōu) 點一).And secendly(優(yōu)點二).Just as a popular saying goes “every coin has two sides”.()is no expection ,and in another word ,it still has negative aspects,to begin with(缺點一), in addition(缺 點二).To sum up,we should try to bring the advantages of()into full play ,and reduce the disadvantages to the

minium at the same time.In that case ,we will definitly make a better use of the().三、說明原因型模塊 Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注釋：

1、XX 的第一個優(yōu)點

2、支持 XX 的做法

3、不支持 XX 的做法

4、XX 的第二個優(yōu)點

5、舉例證明優(yōu)點二

6、說明 XX 優(yōu)點三的影響

相應作文： The importance of self-confidence Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my

standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).四、說明原因型模塊 In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for

(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).相應作文：

The impact of Television In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.三、說明原因型模塊 For most of us today,(1).From above, we can find that the reasons why(2)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is(3).Second,(4).The third reason, actually, is(5).The significance for(6).Therefore,(7).注釋：

1、人們針對 XX 的態(tài)度和舉措

2、歸納現(xiàn)狀

3、第一個原因

4、第二個原因

5、第三個原因

6、重申造成現(xiàn)狀的最重要原因

相應作文： Pollution Most of us today(recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem.lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air.many fish die of poisonous water.thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas.therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)From above, we can find that the reasons why(environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows.the primary reason, I think, is(the reason of harmful substances into environment.for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests.however, they pollute air, water

and land).Second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly).the third reason actually is(the result of a growing population in the world.everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment).The significance for(controlling pollution)noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken.Therefore,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories.moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste.let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).五、說明原因型模塊 These days we often hear that(1).It is common that(2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(3).For another,(4).What is more, since(5),it is natural that(6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as(7)to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注釋：

1、提出論題

2、說明現(xiàn)狀

3、理由一

4、理由二

5、理由三

6、理由三引起的后果

7、解決方法

相應作文： Pollution of environment These days we often hear that(our living

conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment).It is common that(many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology).What is more, since(the industrial revolution),it is natural that(a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing.We should do something such as(planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and

learning to recycling natural resources)to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.六、圖表式作文寫作模板 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of……(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are……(多 少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all,……(第 一個原因).More importantly,……(第二個原因).Most important of all,……(第三個原 因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken 括號里的使用于那些不 太好的變化趨勢).七、提綱式作文寫作模板

1、對立觀點式 A.有人認為 X 是好事，贊成 X，為什么？ B.有人認為 X 是壞事，反對 X，為什么？ C.我的看法。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持 X 的另一個原因。However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反對 X 的第一個理由。An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個壞處。

2、批駁觀點式 A．一個錯誤觀點。B． 我不同意。Many people argue that 錯誤觀

點。saying that, they mean 對 By 這個觀點的進一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊 成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響)。There might be some element of truth in these people's belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3、社會問題(現(xiàn)象)式 A．一個社會問題或者現(xiàn)象 B．產(chǎn)生的原因

C．對社會和我們生活的影響 D．如何杜絕。(如果是問題的話)E．前景的預測。Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 調查內容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情 況。(或者是一個例子)。There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will……

辯論式議論文模版

（一）Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 觀點1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據(jù)1.More importantly, 論據(jù)2.Most important of all, 論據(jù)3.In summary, 總結觀點。As a college student, I am supposed to 表決 心。或 From above, we can predict that 預測。

辯論式議論文模版

（二）People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 觀點1.While others point out that 觀點2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據(jù)1.For another, 論據(jù)2.Last but not the least, 論據(jù)3.To conclude, 總結觀點.As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心?；?From above, we can predict that 預測。

辯論式議論文模版

（三）There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(爭論的焦點)。Some people are of the view that 觀點1.While others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據(jù)1.Furthermore,論據(jù)2.Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 論據(jù)3.A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 總結觀點。As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心。

第四篇：大學英語四級寫作

大學英語四級寫作

議論文

議論文是作者對某個問題或某件事進行分析、評論，表明自己的觀點、立場、態(tài)度、看法、主張的一種文體。寫議論文要把握三性和三要素。三性指準確性、鮮明性和生動性。三要素指論點、論據(jù)和論證。

論點的基本要求：觀點正確，概括全面，見解新穎，有實際意義，要恰當?shù)鼐C合運用各種表達方式。

論據(jù)的基本要求，真實可靠、充分典型。

論證的基本要求：推理必須合乎邏輯，論證要講究順序，論證要符合正確的推理形式。簡而言之，英語議論文共有三大特點：

1、觀點鮮明的開頭；

2、緊扣主題的結尾；

3、有主題句并且銜接自然的中間段落。

這三點當中，第1、2點早已為絕大多數(shù)中國學生所熟知，因為開頭點題和結尾扣題同樣也是漢語文章的要求。

另外，英語文章和漢語不同的是段落的主題句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的寫作習慣放在段落的中間或者最后，在英文應試寫作中更加如此。正因為沒有“主題句”的思想，所以中國學生在寫英語文章時經(jīng)?！跋氲绞裁?，就寫什么”，這在英語議論文中是不能接受的。

常用的關聯(lián)詞分為四類：

1、列舉類

列舉法常用在議論文中，當作者提出一個論點后，可通過列舉出一系列事實對其進行說明或論證。

列舉類關聯(lián)詞有：

first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、舉例類

舉例法是用事例或數(shù)據(jù)對中心觀點進行說明論證的方法，舉例類關聯(lián)詞有：

for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比較和對比

比較是把兩種或兩種以上的事物進行比較，以辨別出它們的相似之處；對比是將這些事物進行對照，辨別其差異而指出各自的特征和本質。這類關聯(lián)詞有：

but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果類

as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、總結類

總結法是指在表達了一個觀點或舉了一個例子后，進行總結、給出概括，這類關聯(lián)詞有： in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.范文1：

Career or Family: which is more important?

When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life.In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on.Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted.What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on.Most of the people earn their income from a job.On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit.Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life.In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family.Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other.Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.作文中可用的諺語或句子：

As a saying goes:俗話說

1、A good beginning is half done.良好的開端是成功的一半。

2、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之計在于晨。

3、A good idler ,an old beggar.少壯不努力，老大徙傷悲。

4、Do as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨便俗。

5、Each coin has two sides.有利必有弊。

6、Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。

7、It is never too old to learn.活到老學到老。

8、Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。

9、No cross, no crown.不見風雨，怎見彩虹。

10、Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

11、Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成12、Time flies.....時光飛逝。。

13、Look before you leap.(三思而后行。)

14、“No pains, no gains”.（沒有付出就沒有收獲）

15、As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”.On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health.On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health.So we should look at the matter from two sides.一．The main types of guided writing:

1.提綱式作文：

Directions:

Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society

2.Prejudices and discrimination against women

3.My comment

You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker one, both physically and emotionally.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:

1.Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence.2.Ways of developing a paragraph:

1)Comparison and contrast(對比法)

2)Cause and effect(因果法)

3)Exemplification(舉例法)

4)Generalization and qualification(概述法)

5)Argument(議論法)

三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---關于利弊、優(yōu)缺點的句型：

have the advantage of ?..(有?.方面的長處)

benefit sb/sth.(對?有好處)

benefit from sth.(由于?.而受益)

do(a lot of)good to sb.(對?.有許多好處)

be good for sb./sth.(對?.有益)

do damage to sth./damage sth.(對?.造成損害)

be as(not so)good/great as ??

not so much ? as ?(與其說?,不如說?)

---說明原因的句型：

1.There are some manygood reasons for? to do sth

Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2.We have two good reasons for ?

3.The reasons for ? is that + 從句

--表示不同看法的句型：

1.Different peoplehave hold different opinionviewon

this questionproblem

Some believe that ?Others argue that ?Still others maintain that ?譯：人們對國際文化交流的看法各不相同。有些人認為，國際文化交流能促進各國人民之間的友誼和了解。另一些人則爭辯說，中國是一個具有5000年歷史的文明古國，并且有自己的傳統(tǒng)文化，它和西方文化截然不同。因此，他們反對國際文化交流。我認為，第2種看法是片面的?，F(xiàn)在國際文化交流是非常重要的。各國人民應該互相了解、互相學習以便增進友誼。

People differ in their opinions on the international cultural exchange.Some believe that international cultural exchange contributes to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world.Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own

traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries.Therefore, they are opposed to the international cultural exchange.In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.The international cultural exchange is of great importance now.People of all countries should understand each other and learn from each other to enhance the friendship among them.1.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.2.Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.---表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事的句型：

1.It is important(necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable)for sb.To do sth.2.have trouble difficulty(in)doing sth.(有困難做某事)

have trouble with sth.(對?有困難，不好對付)

---關于因果關系的句型：

1.The reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.because as since causesresult in thereforeas a resultbecause of---辯論中常用的句型：

1.There is no doubt that ?毫無疑問 2.It is obvious/clear that 明顯?

3.As is known all眾所周知4.(It’s)no wonder?(難怪)

5.It goes without saying that ?(不成問題，很自然)

6.What is more important更重要的是7.I am convinced that我堅信

第五篇：2016大學英語四級 翻譯練習

世界貿(mào)易組織成立于1995年1月1日，目的是確保一個穩(wěn)定的全球和貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟環(huán)境。在當今世界上的190多個國家中，世界貿(mào)易組織的成員國(member country)有158個。在處理國家之間的貿(mào)易規(guī)則方面，世界貿(mào)易組織是唯一的全球性國際組織。世貿(mào)組織的事務應該引起我們的關注，因為世貿(mào)組織制定的規(guī)則對我們國家的經(jīng)濟和國民生活都有一定的影響。The WTO(World Trade Organization),established on January 1, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment.The WTO is an association of 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, and peoples lives.2 奧運會是國際性的體育盛會(sporting events)，體育項目種類繁多，分為夏冬兩季，均是每4年舉辦一次。最初有記載的奧運會于公元前776年在希臘的奧林匹亞(Olympia)舉行。奧運會是最大的媒體活動之一。2000年悉尼奧運會上，有超過1.6萬名播音員和新聞記者參與報道。據(jù)估計，有38億觀眾通過電視收看了此屆盛會。然而，奧運會的發(fā)展也是奧運會面臨的一個大問題。

The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events.The summer and winter games are each held every four years.The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.The Olympics are one of the largest media events.In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16 000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television.However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.3 《三國演義》由羅貫中創(chuàng)作于14世紀，是一部中國歷史題材小說。小說以漢朝末年和三國時期的歷史演變?yōu)楸尘埃瑪⑹隽嗽谶@個動蕩(turbulent)時期發(fā)生的一系列重大事情。整個故事情節(jié)從公元168年開始一直到公元280年領土統(tǒng)一(reunification)時結束。小說篇幅長達80萬字，分為120個章節(jié)，共描述了1 191個人物角色，堪稱中國文學史上四大經(jīng)典小說之一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.4 秧歌舞(Yangko)是中國漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝(costume)，他們的表演動作有力而迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼(gong)鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同時他們也樂在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.5 中國人喜歡在一起吃飯，這個傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到很久之前。這反映出中國人喜歡團圓、不愿分離的觀念——圓桌、圓盤、圓碗都象征著團圓和美滿。盤子通常放在桌子的中央,這樣坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一鍋熱湯尤其可以增加和諧、團圓的氣氛。朋友們也喜歡在一起吃飯、生活。最近一位美國漢學家(Sinologist)的著作認為，中國人的集體觀念(collective tradition)就是從一同吃飯發(fā)展而來的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.6 川劇(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火鍋以及其他的名菜一樣動人、豐富。變臉(Face Changing)是川劇中的一大亮點。據(jù)說古人在他們的臉上作畫，[JP2]以便趕走野生動物。川劇吸收了這一古老的技藝并將其升華為一門藝術。變臉是一門神奇的藝術。演員在不到20秒的時間內要換十多次臉譜。通過舉手、擺袖或搖頭，演員使用不同的臉譜來表現(xiàn)不同的情緒，并通過看得見摸得著的臉譜表達出看不見摸不著的感情。

Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju), like hotpot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face Changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.7 長城作為世界上最偉大的奇觀之一，是古代中國在不同時期為抵御北方游牧民族（nomadic tribe）侵襲而修筑的規(guī)模浩大的軍事工程的統(tǒng)稱。如同巨龍一般，長城自東向西綿延8 800多公里。距今已有2 000多年歷史的萬里長城很多地方已經(jīng)變成了廢墟，但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年，長城被聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of largescale military constructions during different periods in ancient China, hoped for the defense against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north.Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall stretches over 8 800 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2 000 years, many sections of the Great Wall have been in ruins now.However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world.In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.8 光棍節(jié)，又稱“雙十一”，最初是由大學生發(fā)起的單身人士的情人節(jié)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從最初的慶祝單身變成了中國人的一個網(wǎng)購狂歡節(jié)。過去六年里，中國的電商（ecommerce）巨頭們開始利用這一商機，通過打折促銷吸引顧客，提高銷售收入。天貓(Tmall.com)雙十一一天的銷售額從2009年的5 000萬飆升至2013年的350億。郵政部門（the State Post Bureau）表示由于準備充分，盡管訂單增加，快遞業(yè)務仍然運行正常。

Singles Day, also named the Double 11 Day, which originated with college students as an alternative to Valentines Day for single people, now has transformed its original function as a day of celebration for the great unloved into a day of crazy online shopping for the Chinese people.Over the past six years, Singles Day has been taken advantage of by Chinese ecommerce giants by offering discounts and launching sales campaigns on that day to attract customers and boost sales income.Sales at Tmall.com on Singles Day have snowballed from 50 million yuan in 2009 to 35 billion yuan in 2013.The State Post Bureau said that thanks to adequate preparation, express deliveries were running on schedule despite the increase in orders.9 對于中國人來說，“面子”十分重要，它指的是一個人根源于自尊的名譽觀。大部分中國人都認為，有面子是最重要的事情之一，丟面子則會帶來巨大的痛苦。因此，人們必須了解并遵守面子規(guī)則，如果違反就會受到嚴厲的懲罰。然而，有時候一個人丟面子不僅僅是因為他們的行為不符合社會的要求，還可能是由于別人的行為沒有符合他個人的期待。

Face is immensely important for the Chinese.It can be defined as a notion of ones reputation rooted in selfesteem.Most of the Chinese people believe that to have face is one of the most valued things, while to lose face is a cause of great anguish.Thus, people are expected to know and abide by the rules of face and are penalized harshly if they break them.However, sometimes a person could lose face not only because of his failure to match up to societys obligations on him, but also from the failure of others to act in accordance with his expectations of them.武術在我國源遠流長，是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶(gem)。我們知道，一個民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界的其他地方而成為人類的共同財富。為了更好地推廣武術，使其與奧運項目接軌，中國武協(xié)和國際武聯(lián)(the Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation)做了艱苦卓絕的工作?，F(xiàn)在武術已被列為一種與保齡球(bowling)和國際標準舞(international standard dance)有同等地位的奧運表演項目。

With a long history in China, wushu is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the excellent cultural heritage of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone but will be spread to the rest of the world gradually to be shared by all humanity.The Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation have been working very hard to popularize wushu and move it closer to the Olympic events.Now, wushu has been accepted as an Olympic demonstration event with the same status as bowling and international standard dance.11 旗袍(Qipao)是中國獨特的傳統(tǒng)服飾。旗袍原本是滿族(Manchu)婦女的服裝，穿在身上非常寬松，直上直下，中間沒有腰線。后來一些漢族的女性對這種服飾進行了改造，使它更加合身、性感。20世紀20年代，旗袍在上海的女學生中變得非常流行。旗袍一般是由絲綢制成，領口、袖口和腋襟上都繡有精細的花邊。旗袍體現(xiàn)了中國女性的端莊、溫柔和美麗。

Qipao is a unique kind of traditional Chinese attire.Originally worn by Manchu women, Qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body with no waistlines.And then some Han Chinese ladies carried out some improvements on the design, making it more fitting and sexier.When it came to the 1920s, Qipao became very popular among the girl students in Shanghai.Qipao is usually made of silk, and embroidered with delicate laces at the neckline, cuffs and edges.Qipao embodies Chinese womens modesty, softness and beauty.中國石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化藝術。敦煌莫高窟、大同云岡石窟、洛陽龍門石窟、天水麥積山石窟，號稱中國四大石窟藝術景觀。佛教石窟隨山雕鑿、彩繪，形象生動自然，將崇高美(sublimity)與世俗情(secular feeling)融為一體，把天然造化與人工創(chuàng)造有機結合，是由建筑、繪畫、雕塑等組成的博大精深、絢麗奪目的綜合藝術殿堂。其藝術成就為世界所矚目，已成為重要的世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture.In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance.They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, displaying the art of architecture, painting, sculptures and etc.The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become an important international cultural heritage.13 中國古典文學包括詩歌、散文、小說及詞(ci)、賦(fu)、曲(qu)等多種文體，藝術表現(xiàn)手法豐富各異。小說歷史悠久，并在明清時期達到巔峰。小說中的《三國演義》《水滸傳》《西游記》《紅樓夢》被稱為中國四大古典文學名著，至今在國內外都有著廣泛而深遠的影響。研讀四大名著能夠了解中國傳統(tǒng)人文社會、民俗，是汲取古代文明精粹、處世為人策略與智慧的重要途徑。

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci(new lyrics written to preexisting tunes), fu(“descriptive poems” of prosepoetry), qu(a freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other styles.Its artistic expressions are various in techniques.Chinese fiction has a long history, reaching its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and farreaching significance both on a national and international level.Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can understand traditional Chinese society and human culture, and its folklore.And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of ancient culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.14 泰山(Mount Tai)位于山東中部，占地426平方千米，最高峰“玉皇頂(the Jade Emperor Peak)”海拔約1 545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景觀著稱于世，山上點綴著寺廟、石碑和石刻(stone inscription)。身為中國五大名山之首，泰山備受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中國的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。傳統(tǒng)觀念認為泰山是每天太陽最先升起的地方。因此為了到泰山之巔看日出，成千上萬的人午夜就開始攀登泰山。

Located in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai covers 426 square kilometers with its highest peak, the Jade Emperor Peak, reaching about 1 545 meters above sea level.Mount Tai earns a reputation for its imposing natural scenery festooned with a chain of temples, stone tablets and stone inscriptions.As the first of the “Five Great Mountains” in China, Mount Tai is revered both in Buddhism and Taoism.Many emperors in China visited it to hold the Heaven Worship ceremony.Traditional belief maintains that each day begins with the sun rising at Mount Tai, thus thousands of sun worshipers climbed it from as early as midnight in order to appreciate sunrise at its peak.中國古代四大藝術中的“畫”特指國畫。其繪畫形式是用毛筆蘸墨、顏料作畫于絹或宣紙之上，古代稱之為水墨丹青(inkpainting)。為區(qū)別于西方的油畫而稱之為中國畫，簡稱“國畫”。其題材有人物、山水、花鳥等。技法可分為工筆(fine brushwork)和寫意(freehand brushwork)。國畫的藝術特質在于“筆墨”，強調以形寫神，畫盡意在。國畫在藝術創(chuàng)作上反映了中華民族的審美意識和情趣。

Painting in the four art forms in ancient China particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on spun silk or xuan paper.In ancient China, it was called inkpainting.In order to distinguish it from Western oilpaintings, the Chinese people term their works “Chinese painting”, short for traditional Chinese painting.The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.The artistic characteristics of Chinese painting lie in “the writing brush and ink”.Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter.Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.In terms of the artistic creation, Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.16 瓷器(porcelain)是中國最為重要的手工藝品之一。中國瓷器有3 500多年的歷史，明清時期尤其繁榮。瓷器不僅可以用作日常餐具(dinnerware)、花瓶等，精美的瓷器更是常常被人們用來裝飾家居。作為高檔藝術品的象征，真品瓷器常常具有極高的藝術價值和經(jīng)濟價值，因此，常被很多人視為珍藏品。中國瓷器受到各國人民的歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作表達中外友誼的禮物。Porcelains are one of Chinas most important handicrafts.Chinese porcelains have a history of more than 3 500 years, their most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties.Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decorations by people.As the symbols of highend works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people.Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.17 酒是中國人生活中的重要飲品之一。中國制酒源遠流長，享譽中外。在中國最具有代表性的酒莫過于白酒(liquor)了，從某種角度上來說，中國的酒文化就是白酒文化。酒在中國人眼里更多的是一種交際的工具。酒在中國人生活中占有重要的位置，滲透于(permeate)整個中華五千年的文明史中，包括文學創(chuàng)作、娛樂、烹飪、養(yǎng)生保健等各方面。

Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese peoples life.Chinese alcoholmaking has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad.In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some point, Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture.Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese peoples eyes.Alcohol has permeated 5 000 years civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese peoples life, from literary creation and entertainment to cooking and health preservation.18 11月11日由四個1構成，因此每年此日就是光棍節(jié)(Singles Day)。20世紀90年代，南京眾多大學首先開始慶祝光棍節(jié)。正如其名，這個新節(jié)日是專門為單身人士設立的。近年來，中國成為世界上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶最多的國家，而單身人士是網(wǎng)購的主力軍(main force)，許多電子商務平臺(platform)就在光棍節(jié)當天開展促銷活動以吸引中國不計其數(shù)的單身人士前來購物。目前，光棍節(jié)已成為中國人瘋狂網(wǎng)購的日子。

Singles Day falls on every November 11th because the date is comprised of four “ones”.It was initially celebrated at many universities in Nanjing during the 1990s.As the name indicates, this new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living a single life.In recent years, as China has become a country with the worlds biggest population of Internet users and the single people are the main force of Chinas online spending power, many ecommerce platforms launch promotion campaigns on the day in order to attract countless single people around China to their websites.Singles Day has become a day of crazy online shopping among the Chinese now.19 隨著城市化(urbanization)進程的加快，越來越多的農(nóng)民工(migrant worker)在城市里安頓下來。他們把子女接到城里來，希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而，這些農(nóng)民工發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實并不像他們預期的那么美好。城市公立學校的設施和師資遠遠不能滿足大批農(nóng)民工子女的需求。幸運的是，農(nóng)民工子女的教育已成為政府議事日程上優(yōu)先處理的問題。

With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their children receiving better education.However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising as theyve expected.The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the big group of migrant children.Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become a priority on the governments agenda.20 杭州市擁有世界上最大的公用自行車系統(tǒng)(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2 700個公用自行車租賃站點，共計66 500輛車。計劃至2020年，公共自行車的數(shù)量將增至175 000輛。租用自行車需要智能卡(smart card)，可在任意站點租車、在任意站點還車。租車騎行1小時內免費，1小時以上則按每小時1元收費。公用自行車系統(tǒng)對緩解杭州市的交通擁堵(congestion)起到了很大的作用。

With 66 500 bikes in 2 700 renting stations in the city now, Hangzhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world.It plans to increase to 175 000 bikes by 2020.For renting a bike, one needs a smart card.One can rent a bike and return it at any station.Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay 1 yuan per hour for the extra time.The system is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city.