第一篇：高中英語短文改錯(cuò)常見改錯(cuò)類型總結(jié)

英語改錯(cuò)

縱觀近幾年高考題中的短文改錯(cuò)，不難看出，其錯(cuò)誤形式基本上為：錯(cuò)詞占6行左右;正確占一行;多詞和缺詞一般占3行左右。錯(cuò)誤類型主要涉及動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞、主謂一致、固定結(jié)構(gòu)等語法知識(shí)。其中，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞等是考查重點(diǎn)。

1.謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有 ①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;② and 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致;④缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;⑤

I particularly enjoyed driving through the countrysidewith you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.(and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)

8.介詞錯(cuò)誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用

There are too many people among my family.(among 改為in，in my family 為固定搭配)

I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow.(去掉 at, the moment 引導(dǎo)從句)

短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則

1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;2.謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài);3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法;4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤;8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。

短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則

1.改動(dòng)以最少為原則;2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;3.實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則 4.以保持句子原意為原則。

短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟

1.通讀全文，掌握大意;2.整句分析，逐行推敲;3.反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。

解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)

1.核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個(gè)，缺詞1個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。

2.核對(duì)改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。

3.核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無遺漏符號(hào)，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。

第二篇：英語短文改錯(cuò)常見類型

英語短文改錯(cuò)常見類型

1.while 和when ● when 解析〔引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句〕（1）．表明一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中。例如：

When the teacher came into the classroom，we wereplaying．當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，我們正在玩鬧。（2）．表明當(dāng)某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。如：

When Lily was flying a kite，she found a child crying on the ground．莉莉正在放風(fēng)箏時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)操場上有個(gè)小孩哭。

〔特別提示〕當(dāng)when從句放在主句之后時(shí)，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作的突然性，此時(shí)的when相當(dāng)于and then，and suddenly，just at that time。

I was taking a walk when I came across Lily．我正在散步時(shí)，（沒想到）遇見了莉莉。

特別是主句中有just，或when從句中有suddenly時(shí)，這種突然性更為明顯、強(qiáng)烈。例如：

We were doing my homework at home last night when the lights went out．昨天晚上我正在家寫作業(yè)時(shí)，燈（突然）滅了。

〔相關(guān)鏈接〕when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句除了上述意義之外，也常具有其他一些含義：

1．一??就??（＝as soon as）

We will stand up when the teacher comesin．老師一進(jìn)來我們就起立。

2．雖然；然而；可是（＝although）

We had only five boxes when we needed eight．我們需要八個(gè)箱子，可是只有五個(gè)。

3．每當(dāng)??（＝whenever）

It is always very hot here when it is summer．每當(dāng)夏季，這兒總是很熱。

4．既然（＝since，as）

Why did you come here on foot when you know you should come by bike？既然你知道該騎自行車來，你為何還要步行呢？

● while 解析

while引導(dǎo)狀語從句，有以下兩種含義：

（1）．表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的同時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行之中，這時(shí)主從句都用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，有對(duì)同類的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比的意味。如：

While I was playing the game，she was readcing．我在玩游戲，她在讀書。

（2）．表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，又發(fā)生了另一動(dòng)作（該動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)）。如：

While I was reading，I fell asleep．我讀著讀著就睡著了。

〔相關(guān)鏈接〕

while還有以下幾種常見用法：

（1）．只要（＝as long as）

There will be life while there is water and air．只要有空氣和水，就會(huì)有生命。

（2）．而；然而〔表示對(duì)比〕

He is a driver while I'm a teacher．他是司機(jī)，而我是老師。

（3）．雖然（＝although）；盡管〔表示讓步〕

While I see what you say，I can't agree with you．雖然我能理解你說的話，但是我不能同意你。

（4）．用作名詞，表示“一會(huì)兒或一段時(shí)間”，常與a，the或this等連用。如：

Just wait a while and then I will help you．等一下，我會(huì)來幫你的。

2.不定冠詞與定冠詞 不定冠詞a(an)是“一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做[en]。

1)表示“一個(gè)”，意為one；指某人或某物，意為a certain。

A Mr.Li is waiting for you.李先生正在等您。2)代表一類人或物

Mr.Smith is an poor.史密斯先生是窮人。

3）用在可數(shù)名詞前

Mr.Smith is an theacher.史密斯先生是老師

定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有“那（這）個(gè)”的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。

定冠詞的用法: 1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：

Take the medicine.把藥吃了。2）上文提到過的人或事：

He bought a house.I've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物：

the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth

4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人;the living 生者。5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only，very，same等前面： Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二層。6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體：

They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前：

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前： the United States

美國

9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前：

She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。

10)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：the Greens

格林一家人(或格林夫婦)11)用在慣用語中：

in the day, in the morning(afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky(water，field，country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle(of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 3.beside和besides Beside在?旁邊

besides除?之外 4.—ed和—ing 人用—ed物和事用—ing 5.易混用詞語

6.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意不可數(shù)名詞 7.時(shí)態(tài) 8.連詞

though不與but連用，because不與so連用等 9.形容詞、副詞

誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞修飾名詞，誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級(jí)而未用的“暗中比較”。高中階段去e加ly的只有ture 10.代詞

形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，各個(gè)不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤，定語從句中多用代詞等 11.主謂一致 12.句法

1主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；

I hope everything are ok with you.are 改為is 2名詞性從句；

A man came up to him and asked what he needed.3定語從句；

This would save the life of many animals, some of which have almost died out.4強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who?

句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。

第三篇：高中英語短文改錯(cuò)總結(jié)

高中英語短文改錯(cuò)寫作訓(xùn)練

（一）教學(xué)指導(dǎo)

短文改錯(cuò)是高考寫作中的一部分，文體大都是記敘文，旨在測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正錯(cuò)誤的能力。它要求考生具有詞法、句法和在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力，因此考點(diǎn)綜合性強(qiáng)，覆蓋面廣，錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置類型多，是歷年高考英語中的難題。為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力，除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外，還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解，以便做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。短文改錯(cuò)要從從語法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語短文改錯(cuò)中最常見的幾類錯(cuò)誤

1.常見謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用；② and 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;③ 主謂不一致;④ 缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;⑤ 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;⑥ 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。

1）They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改為do 錯(cuò)誤類型屬于 ①）

2）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting 改為 visited錯(cuò)誤類型屬于②)

3）There will an important game next month.(will后加be錯(cuò)誤類型屬于④)

4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.(③ 主謂不一致,was應(yīng)為were)

2.名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用；注意區(qū)分名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)；或根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語或謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷。

① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改為subjects）

② Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改為words）

③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges是不可數(shù)名詞，改為knowledge）

3.連詞錯(cuò)誤

連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、從屬連詞和并列連詞and/ or/but等（一般考查從句關(guān)系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether）

① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式改為whose)② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為 and)

③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（已經(jīng)有連詞as ,所以去掉but）

4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an（根據(jù)單詞的因素來判定）；誤用a 和the（固定搭配，各自單獨(dú)使用的地方）

多余冠詞或缺少冠詞。

① We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a 改為the the same 是固定搭配)

② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可

數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以加 a）

③ I hope you have pleasant journey.（一次愉快的旅行，所以pleasant前加a)

5.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤

1)系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞 smell /feel）

2)詞性的誤用形容詞修飾名詞副詞修飾 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞，過去分詞用副詞修飾

① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.（time是名詞 所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾）

② My pronunciation was terribly.(作表語要用形容詞terrible)

6.代詞錯(cuò)誤 1）代詞的主格和賓格（I / me;He/him;She/ her;We/ us;They/ them）2）反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)4）多余的代詞和少代詞

① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(express oneself, me 改為 myself)

② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(在to 前加it)

③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.（other應(yīng)為others）

④ What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.（him應(yīng)為them）

7.非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤

1）不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語，賓語。2）and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)），3）介詞后用動(dòng)名詞ving形式作賓語。4）某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was….(enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞 talk--talking)

② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語 改為 going)

③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(read應(yīng)為reading)

8.介詞錯(cuò)誤

1）詞組中的介詞誤用，2）介詞意思理解偏差，3）介詞的多用或少用

① There are too many people among my family.（among 改為 in my family 為固定搭配）

② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（去掉 at）

此外，還有一些錯(cuò)誤是固定搭配中的錯(cuò)誤，需要同學(xué)們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)中注意積累固定短語。短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟

1）通讀全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證

注意：短文改錯(cuò)中“一致性”問題：

1、主謂一致

2、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的一致

3、代詞先后指代一致

4、名詞數(shù)的一致

5、平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的一致

6、全文寫作邏輯語義一致

我去探險(xiǎn)

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中有十處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處增加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除:把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。

修改:在錯(cuò)詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多著(從11處起)不計(jì)分.Dear Sir,I'm writing to talk about the problems of food safety nowadays.In order to reducing the cost and make more profits，some food

companies don't take necessary safety measure to guarantee the

food quality.As a result of ,more and more low-quality food flows

into the market,do a lot of harm to consumers' health.In my

Opinion, food are essential to human beings.We can not live without

properly food.If no notice were taken of food safety, the health of

the whole nation could suffer.So I call the whole society to

take action and put an end for the low-quality food.Only in this

Way can we live the healthier life.Yours truly,Li Hua

第四篇：高中英語短文改錯(cuò)總結(jié)

高中英語短文改錯(cuò)寫作訓(xùn)練

（一）教學(xué)指導(dǎo)

短文改錯(cuò)是高考寫作中的一部分，文體大都是記敘文，旨在測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正錯(cuò)誤的能力。它要求考生具有詞法、句法和在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力，因此考點(diǎn)綜合性強(qiáng)，覆蓋面廣，錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置類型多，是歷年高考英語中的難題。為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力，除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外，還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解，以便做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。短文改錯(cuò)要從從語法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語短文改錯(cuò)中最常見的幾類錯(cuò)誤 1.常見謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用；② and 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;③ 主謂不一致;④ 缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;⑤ 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;⑥ 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。

1）They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改為do 錯(cuò)誤類型屬于 ①）2）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting 改為 visited錯(cuò)誤類型屬于②)3）There will an important game next month.(will后加be錯(cuò)誤類型屬于④)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.(③ 主謂不一致,was應(yīng)為were)2.名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用；注意區(qū)分名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)；或根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語或謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷。

① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改為subjects）② Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改為words）

③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges是不可數(shù)名詞，改為knowledge）3.連詞錯(cuò)誤

連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、從屬連詞和并列連詞and/ or/but等（一般考查從句關(guān)系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether）

① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式改為whose)② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為 and)③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（已經(jīng)有連詞as ,所以去掉but）

4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an（根據(jù)單詞的因素來判定）；誤用a 和the（固定搭配，各自單獨(dú)使用的地方）

多余冠詞或缺少冠詞。

① We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a 改為the the same 是固定搭配)② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以加 a）③ I hope you have pleasant journey.（一次愉快的旅行，所以pleasant前加a)5.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤

1)系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞 smell /feel）2)詞性的誤用

形容詞修飾名詞

副詞修飾 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞，過去分詞用副詞修飾

① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.（time是名詞 所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾）

② My pronunciation was terribly.(作表語要用形容詞terrible)6.代詞錯(cuò)誤 1）代詞的主格和賓格（I / me;He/him;She/ her;We/ us;They/ them）2）反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)4）多余的代詞和少代詞

① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(express oneself, me 改為 myself)② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(在to 前加it)③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.（other應(yīng)為others）

④ What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.（him應(yīng)為them）7.非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤

1）不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語，賓語。2）and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)），3）介詞后用動(dòng)名詞ving形式作賓語。4）某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was….(enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞 talk--talking)② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語 改為 going)③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(read應(yīng)為reading)8.介詞錯(cuò)誤

1）詞組中的介詞誤用，2）介詞意思理解偏差，3）介詞的多用或少用 ① There are too many people among my family.（among 改為 in my family 為固定搭配）

② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（去掉 at）此外，還有一些錯(cuò)誤是固定搭配中的錯(cuò)誤，需要同學(xué)們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)中注意積累固定短語。短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟

1）通讀全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證

第五篇：高中英語短文改錯(cuò)技巧總結(jié)

高中英語短文改錯(cuò)技巧總結(jié)

短文改錯(cuò)口訣：動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù);注意形和副;非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;習(xí)慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析;邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。

一.動(dòng)詞形

主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：

My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)

上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。

二.名詞數(shù)

指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：

…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)

三.區(qū)分形和副

及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)

需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。

四.非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別

這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如：

…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure…(to)

上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。

五.習(xí)慣用法要記住

主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)

六.句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：

They ∧eager to know everything about China and…(were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)

第一例漏掉了謂語動(dòng)詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。

七.邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注

與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如：

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)

上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。

除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外，?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：(I)

There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1.______

spending too much because of I'm always short of money!There are also some 2.______

place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in.3.______

The first place is Gino's.It's an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4.______

like pizzas and spaghetti.It's really cheaply and very friendly.Then there's 5.______

Black's Bistro.This is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6.______

there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals.Again it's not 7.______

expensive and is very popular with young people.And finally, how about 8.______

Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food.Mexica 9.______

food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too.10.______

(II)

It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars;however, it is quite 1.______

another to establish a base for humans to explore planet.Daytime temperatures 2.______

can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3.______

the sun heat radiates back into space.Even at the equator, the temperature 4.______

drops-50℃at night.In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧)layer to keep out 5.______

ultraviolet(紫外線的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6.______

and burning conventional fuels.But despite all these problems, scientists are 7.______

currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8.______

in which colonists could live.However, the potential cost make the idea of 9.______

human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream.10.______

[答案與解析]

(I)1.which→where。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞town, where在定語從句中作狀語。2.去掉of。because后面接從句，而because of后面接短語。3.place→places。此處名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.去掉where?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，where多余。5.cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容詞作表語。6.opened→open。open本身即形容詞。7.and→to。from…to…構(gòu)成固定詞組。8.本行無錯(cuò)。9.Mexica→Mexican。形容詞作定語。10.bit前加a。a bit是固定詞組,在句中作狀語，修飾hot。

(II)1.science→scientific。應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語。2.planet前加the。planet前用定冠詞，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表“氣溫上升”。4.sun→sun's。名詞所有格作定語，修飾heat。5.drops后加to。drop to表“下降到”。6.some→any。在表否定意義的副詞hardly后面用any, hardly any oxygen意為“幾乎沒有任何氧氣”。7.and→or。此處表選擇關(guān)系。8.working后加on。work on是固定詞組，表“研究”。9.make→makes。本句的主語是名詞cost,故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10.本行無錯(cuò)。