第一篇：最新自考《英語二》2013年10月真題解析[模版]

《 英語二》

2013年10月真題解析 2013年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試

全國統(tǒng)一命題考試 英語

（二）試卷真題解析（課程代碼00015）

本試卷分為選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，滿分100分，考試時(shí)間150分鐘。

第一部分為選擇題?？忌仨氃凇按痤}卡”上按要求填涂作答。

第二部分為非選擇題。

第一部分 選擇題

一、閱讀判斷（第1—10題，共10分）

短文后列出10個(gè)句子，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷每個(gè)句子。A是正確，B是錯(cuò)誤，C是文中未提及。

Farms Appear in Cities

When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists.Farming in the city is already happening.Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses.Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.Experts say indoor farming solves many problems.First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land.Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直農(nóng)業(yè)）— can solve the problem.Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms.The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops.Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building.Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors.Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome — but it will take time.Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.【參考譯文】

農(nóng)場出現(xiàn)在城市里（城中農(nóng)場）

當(dāng)聽到“農(nóng)場”一詞，你可能聯(lián)想到鄉(xiāng)下的母牛和莊稼等等。但科學(xué)家說，未來的農(nóng)場可能會(huì)建在一些大城市的高樓里。

此事可能難以置信，可是事實(shí)上，在室內(nèi)種莊稼已經(jīng)存在了。城市里的農(nóng)場已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，某些蔬菜已經(jīng)在溫室里生長。甚至在南極科考站，科學(xué)家們能享用他們在溫室里自己栽種的新鮮蔬菜。

據(jù)專家們說室內(nèi)農(nóng)場可以解決許多問題。首先，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場占據(jù)大片土地。在高樓里種莊稼（稱之為垂直農(nóng)業(yè)）可以解決此問題。再者說，水果和蔬菜室內(nèi)種植不會(huì)受到害蟲和氣候的威脅。

盡管垂直農(nóng)場尚未成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，但是專家們已經(jīng)在一些農(nóng)場創(chuàng)建了再循環(huán)計(jì)劃：把室內(nèi)養(yǎng)魚池的水用于澆灌農(nóng)作物，把來自于農(nóng)作物的廢氣用于建筑物的供熱，來自于雞和豬的糞便重新利用作為能源。

但是專家認(rèn)為垂直農(nóng)業(yè)并不是一件容易的事。他們說，控制室內(nèi)氣候環(huán)境是困難的。除此之外，植物對氣候和光照需求有差異。例如，一些植物喜好溫暖、陽光普照的氣候，但另一些植物更喜歡較涼爽的溫度。

并不是說這些困難不能克服——但是這將需要花時(shí)間。大多數(shù)專家指出，建立起第一個(gè)垂直農(nóng)場可能需要五年到十五年的時(shí)間。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020101]

【解析】從第一段you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops可知，當(dāng)提到“農(nóng)場”這個(gè)詞就會(huì)使你聯(lián)想到鄉(xiāng)村?！敬鸢浮緼

2.It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020102]

【解析】從第二段in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists.Farming in the city is already happening.可知，在室內(nèi)種植不僅僅是個(gè)夢想?！敬鸢浮緽

3.Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020103]

【解析】文中提到南極科考站的科學(xué)家在室內(nèi)種植蔬菜，但是并未提及他們生活是否艱苦?！敬鸢浮緾

4.Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020104]

【解析】正確常識，“垂直農(nóng)場”當(dāng)然不需要像傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場那樣大片土地。【答案】A

5.Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020105]

【解析】新鮮的水果和蔬菜在城市里是否非常昂貴，文中未提及?！敬鸢浮緾

6.Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects.A.True ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

B.False

C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020106]

【答案】A

【解析】從第三段fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.可知，生長在室內(nèi)的莊稼不會(huì)有蟲害。

7.Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020107]

【解析】從第四段Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.可知，科學(xué)家知道在垂直農(nóng)場如何利用動(dòng)物的糞便?！敬鸢浮緽

8.Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020108]

【解析】從第五段But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為建垂直農(nóng)場不是件容易的事情?！敬鸢浮緼

9.Indoor plants need the same weather and lighting.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020109]

【解析】從第五段Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.可知，室內(nèi)植物對氣候和光照需求有差異?！敬鸢浮?B

10.The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.A.True B.False C.Not Given [答疑編號506540020110]

【解析】從第六段最后一句it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.可知，不是第一個(gè)垂直農(nóng)場出現(xiàn)在五年之前，而是還需要5—15年才能夠建立起來?！敬鸢浮緽

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

【試題分析】

短文后面的這10個(gè)題目主要是考查了兩個(gè)方面能力：閱讀時(shí)對基本內(nèi)容的掌握情況，能否理解短文中表達(dá)的概念或細(xì)節(jié)；另外一方面，迅速閱讀短文，獲取信息后做出正確判斷的能力。

二、閱讀選擇（第11～15題，每題2分，共10分）

閱讀下面短文，請從短文后所給各題的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中選出1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

A Good Lesson

After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States.We all looked forward to this.What would people think of us? For me, I hoped to be the hero of the class.I was not disappointed.All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy.” I was very popular for a time.However, I was not interested in many things my classmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them.I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe.I had few friends, and fewer good friends.When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me.I kept talking proudly about my experience.And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t.I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again!I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, where people did not know of my unkind past.When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for five years.I did not tell everyone that I lived in Europe.I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself.Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but does not boast about it.Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it.【短文大意】

一個(gè)教訓(xùn)

在歐洲生活了七年以后，我父母決定搬到美國。我們都盼望著搬家，人們會(huì)怎樣對待我們？我希望成為班里的英雄。

我沒有失望。我的班里所有同學(xué)都羨慕我的經(jīng)歷，很快我以“法國男孩”著稱。那一段時(shí)間我很受歡迎，然而我對班里同學(xué)做的許多事情都不感興趣，很難融入他們之中。我喜歡聽古典音樂，從不看電視，也幾乎從不看電影。

因?yàn)槲疑L在歐洲，所以與我的朋友們背景不同。我沒有幾個(gè)朋友，好朋友更少?，F(xiàn)在當(dāng)我回顧往事，我意識到我對周圍的人們有一點(diǎn)兒像個(gè)白癡一樣，我總是高傲地談到我的經(jīng)歷，并且我認(rèn)為我比我周圍的人都好，因?yàn)槲以钤跉W洲但他們沒有。

當(dāng)我的父母說我們要再次搬家時(shí)，我決定我要有更好的朋友。我看到交好朋友的機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)地方的人對我的過去并不了解。

我們搬到了加利福尼亞時(shí)，我沒有像過去五年那樣炫耀。我仍然聽古典音樂，但是我只是自己欣賞。的確，我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們喜歡那種獨(dú)特的但不夸耀的人。

什么也不能替代好朋友，如果為此不得不控制自己的脾氣和傲慢，這也是值得的。

【試題分析】

本題題型是Reading Comprehension閱讀理解。

閱讀理解部分主要測試考生英語的閱讀、理解、分析、判斷能力?？忌枰炀氄莆找欢ǖ脑~匯量，把握文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，理解文中說明要點(diǎn)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)上下文語境推斷領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。考生也需要具有一定的閱讀速度以及知識背景。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

一般來說，閱讀理解題都可以分為主觀題和客觀題兩大類。主觀題用來測試考生的主觀判斷能力，包括對文章的中心思想、作者的意圖和態(tài)度，以及整篇文章的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力；客觀題用來測試考生對原文內(nèi)容中的客觀事實(shí)的理解，要求考生理解文章中的具體事實(shí)和抽象概念。閱讀理解題型一般有下列四類：細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、主旨題以及詞義題。常用的提問形式有：

細(xì)節(jié)：

a.According to the passage, which of the following is（NOT）True ?

b.Which of the following statements is Not mentioned in passage ??

c.From the passage, it can be seen that ________.d.The main reason for ? is _________.推斷：

a.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.b.Form the passage we can infer（draw the conclusion）that _________.c.It is implied in the passage that ________.主旨：

a.The passage is mainly about _________.b.The main idea of this passage is ________.c.The passage mainly discusses ____________.d.The passage might be taken from ___________.詞匯或短語：

a.The word “?” in line（Paragraph ?）..most probably means ______.b.In paragraph ?, the word “?” refers to（stands for）_______.c.The word “?”can be best replaced by ________.d.The underlined word（phrase）“ ? ”in paragraph really means _________.題目要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)讀懂短文后每個(gè)問題，從所給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最符合題意的答案。閱讀理解試題是考查考生語言運(yùn)用能力的主要題型。因?yàn)殚喿x能力的高低直接影響獲取信息的能力，所以閱讀理解試題強(qiáng)調(diào)對全篇文章的整體把握，強(qiáng)調(diào)語言文化因素的作用及考生通過閱讀理解解決實(shí)際問題總的能力。

考試對閱讀理解能力的要求是具備一定的知識面，具有邏輯分析、思維反映、詞匯量和概括能力?？忌胩岣咦プ≈黝}、理解具體信息、做出正確判斷和推理、弄清作者意圖和態(tài)度等方面的閱讀能力，必須廣泛閱讀，在量中求質(zhì)，熟能生巧，并在實(shí)踐中訓(xùn)練出快速閱讀和猜測詞義的能力。

11.When I first moved to the US, I was very popular because of my _________.A.good appearance

B.outstanding talents

C.French accent

D.overseas experiences [答疑編號506540020111]

【答案】D

【解析】從文中第二段和第三段的關(guān)鍵詞experiences可知，當(dāng)我第一次搬到美國時(shí)，是我的“海外經(jīng)歷”使我名聲大震。

12.I had few good friends partly because I _______.A.looked down upon my classmates B.liked listening to classical music C.never went to the movies D.came from a very rich family ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

[答疑編號506540020112]

【答案】A

【解析】作者沒有幾個(gè)好朋友的原因，從文中第三段中可知是由于看不起同學(xué)們looked down upon my classmates。

13.The phrase “an idiot”（Line 3, Part 3）most probably means ________.A.an actor B.a cheater C.a fool D.a loser [答疑編號506540020113]

【解析】詞匯題。A一個(gè)男演員，B一個(gè)騙子，C一個(gè)蠢人，D一個(gè)失敗者?！敬鸢浮?C

14.When we moved to California, I stopped ______.A.boasting about my experience B.talking about people around me C.enjoying the classical music alone D.making friends with my classmates [答疑編號506540020114]

【解析】推理判斷題。從文中第五段推論可知，本文作者搬到加州以后，停止了對自己海外經(jīng)歷的吹噓。【答案】A

15.The writer would probably agree that _______.A.good friends like the same kind of music B.friends are more important than anything else C.similar background is the key to friendship D.a good friend never loses his/her temper [答疑編號506540020115]

【解析】主旨題。文中最后一段，說明了作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，也是本文的主旨?！敬鸢浮緽

閱讀選擇題的應(yīng)試技巧

短文閱讀主要測試考生對閱讀的書面材料理解的程度，既可以為外語學(xué)習(xí)者提供運(yùn)用語言知識、文化背景知識，又可以鞏固所學(xué)語言知識技能、提高英語水平。所以是外語學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握的基本技能，也是各種英語考試的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。因此，閱讀部分考試成績的優(yōu)劣在整個(gè)考試中起著舉足輕重的作用，所以考生在備考的過程中必須加以重視。

閱讀理解是對字、詞、句法的進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)和綜合運(yùn)用。要提高閱讀能力，除了掌握的基本語法規(guī)則知識外，還要進(jìn)行有意識的閱讀訓(xùn)練。提高閱讀能力的訓(xùn)練主要可以從下面三個(gè)方面入手：詞匯、方法、側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

1）詞匯

在閱讀過程中，不可避免地會(huì)碰到不認(rèn)識的單詞，考試中又不允許查字典，有些不認(rèn)識的單詞對文章的理解影響不大，可以忽略。但有些不認(rèn)識的單詞則會(huì)影響閱讀者對文章理解的正確性。在這種情況下，就需要利用猜字的技巧猜出詞的含義。

快速閱讀的CPD公式 Context, Parts, Dictionary ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

每日學(xué)習(xí)詞匯 study vocabulary daily

使用所學(xué)詞匯 use the words you learn

創(chuàng)立你自己的詞匯表 create your own word list

2）方法

方法一：先看文章后做題。主要針對簡單易懂的文章、時(shí)間又較充裕的情況。

方法二：先看問題后再讀文章再做題。這種方法在時(shí)間緊、文章長的情況下更為實(shí)用。這樣可以帶著問題去閱讀，文章中的內(nèi)容與考題有關(guān)系時(shí)仔細(xì)閱讀，與題目無關(guān)時(shí)，可以置之不理，很快跳過去。還有一些題目涉及一般常識或科普知識，可以在未閱讀文章之前自己先行判斷，在閱讀時(shí)只要對自己的判斷進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證就可以了。

3）三個(gè)側(cè)重點(diǎn)

除了題目本身所要求查找的細(xì)節(jié)外，閱讀時(shí)要注意不要逐字逐句地翻譯，而要側(cè)重地閱讀。

側(cè)重首段、尾段，首句、尾句。因?yàn)檫@些部分往往是作者所要談及的論點(diǎn)、主題或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么細(xì)節(jié)問題就會(huì)迎刃而解。

側(cè)重語篇標(biāo)志詞。語篇中句子和句子之間、段落和段落之間就是通過這種詞語連接起來的，把握住這些詞語就等于把握了句與句、段與段之間的關(guān)系，對于獲取所需信息、準(zhǔn)確答題至關(guān)重要。

側(cè)重長句、難句。因?yàn)橛⒄Z表達(dá)多以冗長著稱，論理性很強(qiáng)的文章更是如此。通過較長的句子來表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想內(nèi)容，從而使文章更具有說服力。所以，我們在閱讀時(shí)，必須重視長句、難句，認(rèn)真分析句子，把握住關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，不少問題就是針對這些長句、難句而設(shè)置的。

以上是歸納出的幾點(diǎn)解英語閱讀選擇題目的技巧?？忌谟?xùn)練中應(yīng)盡快掌握這些技巧，并在實(shí)踐中摸索出一套適合自己的方法。

第二部分 非選擇題

三、概括段落大意和補(bǔ)全句子（第16～25題，每題1分，共10分）

Dormitory Life

①Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience.However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery.When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life.Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well.②When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests.And you can enjoy the various services there.Both are very important to make you successful at college.But you may have to give up much of your personal space.You will share a room with someone else.This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you.③You will have to learn some important life skills.For example, you will learn how to get along with people.You will also learn to ignore things that you can’t change.But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the world.④When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus.If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there.⑤Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours.And you are more involved in campus life.For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make you own contributions.If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice.Task 1

A.Important life skills ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

B.Other conveniences C.Colorful campus life D.Various campus services E.Introduction to dormitory life F.Gains and costs of dormitory life 16.Paragraph ①：_____ [答疑編號506540020201]

【解析】第一段是對宿舍生活的介紹?！敬鸢浮縀 Introduction to dormitory life

17.Paragraph ②：_____ [答疑編號506540020202]

【答案】F Gains and costs of dormitory life 【解析】第二段說明宿舍生活是有收獲的。

18.Paragraph ③：_____ [答疑編號506540020203]

【答案】A Important life skills 【解析】第三段說明要學(xué)會(huì)必要的生活技能。

19.Paragraph ④：_____ [答疑編號506540020204]

【答案】D Various campus services 【解析】第四段談到了校園服務(wù)。

20.Paragraph ⑤：_____ [答疑編號506540020205]

【答案】20.B Other conveniences 【解析】第五段說的是其它的一些便利服務(wù)。

【試題分析】

本題題型Task 1是概括段落大意，或者說是給每段加一個(gè)小標(biāo)題。此題是考查考生提取關(guān)鍵信息的能力。短文后邊給出六個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其中一個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng)。C.Colorful campus life “多彩的校園生活”，文中并沒有這一段。

Task 2

A.start a new life

B.losing much of your private life

C.have an unhappy dormitory life

D.many of the campus services

E.traveling from home to school

F.good relation with others

21.If you make no effort, you will _____.[答疑編號506540020206]

【答案】C have an unhappy dormitory life

【解析】原文：However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

life can become a misery.與選項(xiàng)C意思相符。

22.Dormitory life means_____.[答疑編號506540020207]

【答案】B losing much of your private life 【解析】原文：But you may have to give up much of your personal space.與選項(xiàng)B意思相符。

23.You need to master many skills like how to keep _____.[答疑編號506540020208]

【答案】F good relation with others 【解析】原文：For example, you will learn how to get along with people.與選項(xiàng)F意思相符。

24.Those who live off campus cannot use _____.[答疑編號506540020209]

【答案】D many of the campus services 【解析】原文：When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus.與選項(xiàng)D意思相符。

25.Living on campus can save you the trouble of _____.[答疑編號506540020210]

【答案】E traveling from home to school 【解析】原文：Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours.與選項(xiàng)C的意思相符。

【試題分析】

本題題型Task 2 是補(bǔ)全句子，也是六選五的模式，其中有一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。A.start a new life “開始新的生活”，文中并未提及。

四、填句補(bǔ)文（第26—30題，每題2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。將正確選項(xiàng)寫到答題卡上。

Grandpa My Hero

My grandfather had only one child and that was my mother.He always wanted a son but it never happened.__26 __ When my mom got pregnant, he thought he finally had a boy in the family, but it turned out that her first child was my old sister.When I was born, Grandpa was very happy.He was the first to give me a baseball glove and to play baseball with me.My first glove was as small as my whole hand is now.When Grandpa gave me that glove, I was very excited.__27__ It was my pride and joy.When I was five, I played on my first baseball team and Grandpa was the coach.He wanted me to play one position, but I wanted to play another.__28__ I tried so hard that I made good progress.Grandpa was very proud of me.Ever since then, he has worked with me to make me a better player.Grandpa has helped me become not only a better player, but a better person.__29__ Today Grandpa does ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

not play baseball with me so often, but he still comes to every practice and game.He sits and watches my practices through rain and shine.__30__ I love him and hope he will be around for many more years to support me and baseball.A.I was so happy I even slept with it at my side.B.He wanted a son because he wanted to teach him to play baseball.C.I owe him all my success in baseball and in my life.D.In order to make me happy, he let me play what I wanted.E.He was named our baseball team’s number one fan by my coach.F.My grandpa is still working at a store.26.______ [答疑編號506540020211]

【答案】B 【解析】B選項(xiàng)解釋了前一句“姥爺想要兒子”的原因。

27.______ [答疑編號506540020212]

【答案】A 【解析】A選項(xiàng)是前一句的進(jìn)一步的闡述。

28.______ [答疑編號506540020213]

【答案】D 【解析】D選項(xiàng)與前一句是順承關(guān)系。

29.______ [答疑編號506540020214]

【答案】C 【解析】C選項(xiàng)是對上一句的進(jìn)一步闡述。

30.______ [答疑編號506540020215]

【答案】E 【解析】E選項(xiàng)是對上一句的進(jìn)一步闡述。

【參考譯文】

姥爺，我的英雄

我的姥爺只有一個(gè)孩子，那就是我的母親。姥爺他總想得到一個(gè)兒子但未能如愿。他想要兒子是因?yàn)樗虢虄鹤哟虬羟?。?dāng)我的母親懷孕時(shí)，姥爺想，這個(gè)家終于要有一個(gè)男孩子了，但是第一個(gè)孩子是我的姐姐。當(dāng)我降生時(shí)，我的姥爺非常高興。

姥爺是第一個(gè)給我棒球手套并且跟我一起打棒球的人。我的第一只棒球手套現(xiàn)在與我的手掌一樣大小，當(dāng)我得到它的時(shí)候非常興奮，甚至在睡覺時(shí)都把它放在身邊，它是我的驕傲和歡樂。

我五歲時(shí)，加入第一支棒球隊(duì)，我姥爺是教練。他想讓我打一個(gè)位置，但是我想打另一個(gè)位置。為了使我高興，他讓我如愿以償。我練習(xí)十分努力并且進(jìn)步很大。姥爺為我感到自豪。從此他與我一起，把我訓(xùn)練成為更好的棒球手。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

姥爺不僅僅幫助我變成好的棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，而且成為一個(gè)好人。我的棒球生涯和我的生活成功歸功于我的姥爺。今天我的姥爺不能經(jīng)常和我一起打棒球了，但是他仍然來觀看我的每一場訓(xùn)練和比賽。他坐著觀看著無論下雨還是太陽高照。我的教練稱他為我們棒球隊(duì)的第一粉絲。我愛我的姥爺，希望他健康長壽繼續(xù)支持我和棒球。

【試題分析】

本題題型是考查文章的語段特征?？忌盐瘴恼抡w結(jié)構(gòu)，對內(nèi)容了解透徹，上下句的連貫性和一致性，也是六選五的模式，其中有一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。F.My grandpa is still working at a store.“我的姥爺仍在一個(gè)商店工作”，文中并未提及。

五、填詞補(bǔ)文（第31～40題，每題1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10處空白，短文后列出12個(gè)詞，其中10個(gè)取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌，將正確選項(xiàng)寫到答題卡上。

Protecting the Few

How we live our lives affects the environment.The environment is all the things around you.All across Earth, humans are 31 the environment in small and large ways.We cut down trees to build houses.We plow fields to 32 crops.We pour waste into rivers, lakes and oceans.We use larger nets and bigger boats to catch 33 numbers of fish.Activities like these affect plants and animals.They 34 affect things like the soil and water.Sometimes our actions make the number of a 35 plant or animal get larger.For example, if you planted roses in your yard, there would be more roses in your area.Our activities can also 36 to a smaller number of plants and animals.If a park were turned into an apartment building, what would happen to the plants and animals there? Well, they would 37 die or move to other 38.There would be fewer plants and animals.Pollution and other activities sometimes cause the number of a species（物種）to become so 39 that it cannot survive.A species that is in 40 of dying out is called an endangered（瀕危的）species.A.changing

E.huge

I.increase

B.grow

F.places

J.small

C.lead

G.certain K.survival

D.either

H.also

L.danger

31.______ [答疑編號506540020301]

【答案】A 【解析】答案為A，意思為：正在改變環(huán)境。

32.______ [答疑編號506540020302]

【答案】B 【解析】 答案為B，意思為：種莊稼。

33.______ [答疑編號506540020303]

【答案】E 【解析】答案是E，意思為：很多魚。

34.______ ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

[答疑編號506540020304]

【答案】H 【解析】答案是H，意思為：它們也影響土壤和水。

35.______ [答疑編號506540020305]

【答案】G 【解析】答案是G，意思為：一些植物或動(dòng)物。

36.______ [答疑編號506540020306]

【答案】C 【解析】答案為C，意思為：導(dǎo)致。

37.______ [答疑編號506540020307]

【答案】D 【解析】答案為D，either ?or?意思為：或者??或者??

38.______ [答疑編號506540020308]

【答案】F 【解析】答案為F，意思為：其它地方。

39.______ [答疑編號506540020309]

【答案】J 【解析】答案為J，意思為：變得很小。

40.______ [答疑編號506540020310]

【答案】L 【解析】答案為L，意思為：陷入困境。

【試題分析】

本題題型是考查文章詞匯的理解能力。短文后面的這10個(gè)題目主要是考查完形填空，考生要從12個(gè)備選詞中找出符合語境的詞匯，填入空白處。

【參考譯文】

保護(hù)少數(shù)（保護(hù)稀少物種）

我們?nèi)绾紊顣?huì)影響環(huán)境。環(huán)境就是我們周圍所有的事物。在地球上，人類正在以大大小小的方面改變環(huán)境。我們砍伐樹木建造房屋，耕地種莊稼，把垃圾傾入河流、湖泊和海洋。我們張開大網(wǎng)和較大的漁船去捕撈大量的魚類。類似這樣的行為活動(dòng)影響植物和動(dòng)物，也影響像土壤和水等事物。

有的時(shí)候我們的行動(dòng)使得某些植物和動(dòng)物的數(shù)量增加。例如，如果你在你的院子里種植玫瑰花，那么在你的周圍就會(huì)存在很多玫瑰。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

我們的行為也能夠?qū)е轮参锖蛣?dòng)物的數(shù)量減少。如果一個(gè)公園變成一個(gè)公寓樓，那么那些植物和動(dòng)物會(huì)怎樣呢？它們可能或者死去或者被移動(dòng)到其他地方，這樣就會(huì)使植物和動(dòng)物減少。

污染和其他活動(dòng)有時(shí)候引起某一個(gè)物種的數(shù)量變得如此之少，以至于該物種不能生存。一個(gè)處于消亡危險(xiǎn)的物種被稱之為瀕危物種。

六、完形補(bǔ)文（第41～50題，每題1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10處空白，每處空白后的括號內(nèi)有一個(gè)詞，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其正確的形式填入文中，以恢復(fù)文章原貌，并將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

The Power of Language Language is something that defines（define）us as humans.When language is 41（use）well, it can bring out very deep feelings in others, and encourage others to take 42（act）.Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43（tear）to the eyes and move us deeply.When we use language to express our true feelings to someone, it can open and 44（deep）the connection between us.Language is a very 45（power）tool.How we use language shapes our world.How we use self-talk 46（direct）shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world.How we deliver 47（communicate）shapes the way the world 48（respond）to us.We can use language more 49（effective）.And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50（person）relationships and business relationships.41.______ [答疑編號506540020311]

【答案】used 【解析】此處填寫used，意思為：被使用。用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

42.______ [答疑編號506540020312]

【答案】action 【解析】此處填寫action，take action意思為：采取行動(dòng)。固定詞組。

43.______ [答疑編號506540020313]

【答案】tears 【解析】此處填寫tears，bring tears to the eyes意思為：熱淚盈眶。

44.______ [答疑編號506540020314]

【答案】 deepen 【解析】此處填寫deepen，意思為：加深。deep后面加en,變成動(dòng)詞。

45.______ [答疑編號506540020315]

【答案】powerful 【解析】此處填寫powerful，powerful tool意思為：有力的工具。power后面加ful,變成形容詞。

46.______ ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

[答疑編號506540020316]

【答案】directly 【解析】此處填寫directly，意思為：直接地。direct后面加ly變成副詞。

47.______ [答疑編號506540020317]

【答案】communication 【解析】此處填寫communication，意思為：交流。communicate后面加tion變成名詞。

48.______ [答疑編號506540020318]

【答案】responds 【解析】此處填寫responds，意思為：回應(yīng)。direct后面加s，表第三人稱單數(shù)。

49.______ [答疑編號506540020319]

【答案】effectively 【解析】此處填寫effectively，意思為：有效地。effective后面加ly變成副詞。

50.______ [答疑編號506540020320]

【答案】personal 【解析】此處填寫personal，意思為：個(gè)人的。person后面加al變成形容詞。

【試題分析】

本題題型是考查文章中已給出詞匯的詞形變換。短文中的10個(gè)空白處有相應(yīng)的提示詞，主要是考查考生能夠通過上下文和短文結(jié)構(gòu)，對具體詞匯的詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)等方面做出分析，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖儞Q后再填入空白處，使得短文意義完整、語法正確。

【參考譯文】

語言的力量

語言是某物將我們定義為人類。當(dāng)語言使用得當(dāng)，它能對其他人產(chǎn)生深深的情感，并且鼓勵(lì)其他人采取行動(dòng)。有時(shí)候，一首詩歌中的語句能使我們熱淚盈眶、深深地感動(dòng)我們。當(dāng)我們用語言表達(dá)對某人的真實(shí)感受，它可以敞開心扉并且加深我們之間的關(guān)系。

語言是強(qiáng)有力的工具。我們?nèi)绾问褂谜Z言塑造我們的世界；我們?nèi)绾卫米晕覍υ捴苯拥匦纬晌覀兒褪澜鐑烧叩慕?jīng)歷；我們?nèi)绾蝹鬟f交流溝通造就世界對我們反響的方式。我們能夠更加有效地利用語言，此舉顯然影響到我們的健康和個(gè)人的關(guān)系以及工作關(guān)系的能力。

七、短文寫作（第51題，30分）

請根據(jù)所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100詞左右的英文寫作任務(wù)。將你的答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

51.某英文報(bào)紙正在舉辦題為“My Favorite Job”的征文活動(dòng)。請就此題目寫一篇英文短文應(yīng)征。內(nèi)容包括以下兩個(gè)方面：

你最喜歡的工作是什么？

你為什么喜歡它？

試題短文寫作部分為一個(gè)小題，總計(jì)30分，要求考生寫一篇100詞左右的短文。試卷已經(jīng)給出題目，考生應(yīng)依════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《 英語二》

據(jù)內(nèi)容的要求進(jìn)行寫作。

短文寫作的一般要求為：能夠理解所給出的語言情境，能夠運(yùn)用相關(guān)的語言知識完成所規(guī)定的寫作任務(wù)。能正確表達(dá)思想，內(nèi)容基本清晰完整，語言基本通順，意義連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤，用詞基本恰當(dāng)，符合文章的特定文體格式。

寫作評分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)簡述：

評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為五個(gè)檔次。首先根據(jù)短文書寫的總體質(zhì)量，而不是按照語言錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量扣分。打分時(shí)，根據(jù)所寫內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和語言運(yùn)用初步確定其所屬的檔次，然后再具體給分。拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面，字?jǐn)?shù)明顯不足分?jǐn)?shù)要降低一個(gè)檔次，書寫質(zhì)量較差也要降低一個(gè)檔次。英、美拼寫皆可接受。

評分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)五檔（詳見教學(xué)大綱）

寫作應(yīng)試策略：

寫作內(nèi)容涉及生活、一般常識和私人信件，體裁包括記敘文、說明文、描寫文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等。依據(jù)近年來成人考試的考題分析，英語短文寫作趨勢以應(yīng)用文類型為主。試題皆為命題寫作，限定內(nèi)容，加以拓展。

寫作相對來講是比較難的題目，但是因?yàn)轭}目已經(jīng)給出規(guī)定內(nèi)容和要求，只要翻譯準(zhǔn)確即可。不要求文字的華麗。經(jīng)過組織段落之后，短文字?jǐn)?shù)也要盡量寫夠100詞。

短文寫作的最根本的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯量，掌握了一定量的詞匯（words），還要有語法知識，才能把詞匯寫成句子（sentence），應(yīng)注意英文寫作表達(dá)方式和格式與漢語的不同之處，盡量避免寫病句。句子是短文寫作的重要組成部分，將句子安排順序組織成段落（paragraph），這就是短文（composition）的構(gòu)成。

短文寫作，沒什么捷徑可走，必須多練，熟能生巧。建議大家每星期至少寫一篇英語小短文，并在每一篇中盡量換一個(gè)新話題，使用已經(jīng)學(xué)到的詞匯、詞組、句型和句式。這樣既可以強(qiáng)化記憶單詞，同時(shí)也可以實(shí)踐語法的正確使用，嘗試自己是否可以駕御寫作英文短文。在實(shí)踐中，將母語與英語漸漸的融為一體，發(fā)展自己的寫作風(fēng)格。

下面就以2013年的考試題目為例，寫出一篇小短文，僅供參考。

My Favorite Job

I have had a variety of part-time and full-time jobs, some interesting and some dull.I’ve worked in an office, a grocery store, a factory, and countless other places.After I graduated from college, I became a teacher.I definitely prefer teaching to any of the other jobs.I am a people-person and especially enjoy the interaction with the students.I also feel very fulfilled when I see the students make progress.I greatly enjoy preparing the lessons and try to create activities that are both practical and fun.While I’m glad I gained much practical experience at my other jobs, I realize that I am most fulfilled as a teacher.結(jié)束語：

學(xué)員朋友們，今天我們關(guān)于2013年10月真題的解析就到此結(jié)束。建議大家在下課后對已經(jīng)學(xué)過的知識進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)、總結(jié)，在考試前夕按照考試規(guī)定時(shí)間認(rèn)真多做一些模擬題，鍛煉并提高自己的應(yīng)試能力，進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。

高等教育自考英語

（二）的考試是本科階段的通過考試，因此試題有一定的難度。但是，通過自己的努力學(xué)習(xí)提高英語水平，就一定能夠達(dá)到目的。

If you never give up, you will definitely succeed.你只要不灰心，就一定會(huì)成功的。

Good luck!

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

第二篇：自考英語二2010.04真題

I.GRAMMARAND VOCABULARY Complete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer.Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 15 points in all)1.I was shocked by the number of people who seemed to have nothing better to do with their time than ______ to know fish better.A.get B.gets C.getting D.got

2.Not all birds can fly , ______ do all birds build nests.A.not B.no C.never D.nor

3.When you fall in love for the first time, it’s surprising ______ inconveniences you can put up with.A.that B.what C.which D.those

4.I know my limitations, so I won’t do anything ______ my ability.A.beyond B.under C.above D.below

5.The hosts apologized for ______ that some of their guests might be vegetarians.A.having not considered B.not having considered C.having not been considering D.not considering

6.Mrs.Smith locked both the front and the back doors before she went to bed ______ that someone might steal into the house at night.A.so B.for fear C.unless D.on condition

7.We have to wait for the bus, ______? A.have we B.haven’t we C.do we D.don’t we

8.______ the popularity of robots in Japan, the country’s robot-production growth is slowing down.A.As B.Although C.With D.Despite 9.The proposal deserves support as it gives ______ to the needs of children.A.curiosity B.awareness C.priority D.emphasis

10.Those familiar with evening dress will always ______ black with elegance.A.link B.associate C.connect D.relate

11.If you’re sitting around a lonely campfire at night, the howl of a wolf can sound pretty ______.A.fearful B.threatening C.dreadful D.frightening

12.The suspect cooperated fully with the police when ______ about his role in the incident.A.required B.questioned C.demanded D.negotiated

13.Homing pigeon is useful as a ______ carrier because when taken from home, it will return at the first opportunity.A.meaning B.information C.message D.content

14.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A.conveniently B.obediently C.sufficiently D.reluctantly

15.She was so ______ the noise that she sent the children to bed.A.broken down by B.filled in with C.taken over by D.fed up with

II.CLOZE to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 15 points in all)A quarter of the world’s population now speaks English.If you want to 16 your products, or yourself, you have no choice 17 to do it in English.Politicians and business people must speak English if they want to make their mark 18 the world’s stage.Writers of minority languages can 19 hope to sell their books unless they write in English.As English is spoken all over the world, it means that no individual country can really exercise a 20 influence over it.In the past, it was the mother tongue 21 who controlled the future of the language.Now, indeed for the last few decades, the mother tongue users are in a significant 22.This means that the character of the language could well 23 with new words, new rhythms, and new pronunciations.It isn’t going to be British and American English anymore-that’s 24.All over the world education authorities are struggling to find the resources to meet the 25 for English.However, it is open to question whether they are putting all their eggs in one 26.The future of English language is intimately 27 the electronic revolution.Satellite television and the Internet have helped accelerate the 28 of English, but will that always be the case? The Internet, 29 , is now seen as the saviour of minority languages.Indeed, with the continuing improvements in electronic translation, will we even need a(n)30 language? It is open to question.16.A.sell B.make C.produce D.trade 17.A.and B.but C.rather D.or 18.A.on B.with C.for D.at 19.A.ever B.still C.no longer D.no more 20.A.negative B.typical C.subtle D.dominant 21.A.speakers B.followers C.believers D.interpreters 22.A.group B.number C.amount D.minority 23.A.alter B.differ C.shift D.vary 24.A.old B.new C.history D.future 25.A.want B.pursuit C.demand D.desire 26.A.box B.basket C.bag D.container 27.A.restricted to B.drawn to C.tied up with D.caught up with 28.A.range B.scope C.spread D.coverage 29.A.as a result B.as a rule C.in addition D.in fact 30.A.global B.unique C.worldly D.international Ⅲ.PARAPHRASING

Choose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part.Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 10 points in all)31.By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of othersexplanation-example

Every single student that applies for a class or course online has certain expectations and they are often extremely high.Unfortunately for most individuals, they will be disappointed.It is a fact that the majority of individuals believe that they will actually enjoy every aspect of their course.The truth is that there is very little in a degree to inspire until an individual actually completes the course and is awarded the degree or certificate that could change his or her life.This is no different with an online education and, in fact, the disappointment may be more obvious because they may face extra difficulties in an online course.Online education expectations are often incredibly high, as previously stated, in terms of what an individual can get from it as well as the manageability of the content itself.However, although an individual will ultimately be proven right about what he or she can get from it, this will not be the case for manageability.Most online education courses are anything but manageable for those who decide to take them.The level of work would be the same as any other degree or qualification course, but an individual is expected to manage it on his or her own instead of having a tutor or lecturer there to remind him or her about assignments and deadlines.Time management is extremely important, but the nature of these individuals’ life often makes it impossible to manage without feeling the stresses and strains of the burden.It is important to be realistic with your expectations concerning an online education course, but many are completely unrealistic.If you read any of the accounts from students that have already taken and may have even passed an online education course, many will speak in glowing terms;but you should also read between the lines.They claim that their expectations will ultimately be fulfilled in terms of the long-term benefits.However, in the short term they may say they found it difficult to cope with the workload, the lack of time that they actually had to complete it, an unsupportive employer and so on.This last point may not be an issue if you are doing it to advance yourself within your current workplace, but there will otherwise be some sort of resentment bubbling under the surface and that can indeed make your life a misery for a little while.If you expect it and prepare for it then it should not bother you too much, and if the resentment does not come then so much the better!In terms of your own expectations, the best attitude to have is not to go in with any at all.If you do not expect anything then you may be pleasantly surprised.It can be difficult to fit an online education in with personal commitments, such as a family to look after or a job to go to every day whilst trying to study.It does take a lot of effort, but if you do not expect it to be easy or expect that you will just be able to do it without the balance of your life being upset as a result, then you will probably find that you do get a sense of satisfaction from it!Similarly, if you expect the worst then you will probably be pleasantly surprised!Managing your expectations can be difficult, but do not let them get the better of you!46.The manageability is more difficult in online courses than in any other course because ______.A.online courses require higher level of work B.online courses bring much more assignments C.online course takers have no way to contact their lecturers D.online course takers have to rely on themselves for management 47.According to the passage, one may not have the problem of an unsupportive employer if ______.A.he is fully prepared to deal with any resentment from his boss B.his online education will be beneficial to his current workplace C.his expectations will be fulfilled in the form of long-term benefits D.he can discuss the issue width his boss openly and bravely on the table 48.According to the writer of this passage, one’s satisfaction in online education might come from ______.A.high expectations B.diligent efforts C.a realistic attitude D.a proper balance 49.In the last sentence of this passage, the phrase “get the better of you” probably means “______”.A.make a fool of you B.take advantage of you C.get too fancy for you to imagine D.become too high for you to control 50.This passage is written mainly for the purpose of ______.A.inspiring its readers to fulfill their expectations through hard work B.persuading its readers to be more practical with their personal commitments C.informing its readers about the disadvantages of the courses they take online D.preparing its readers for the hardships they may encounter in online education

V.WORD DERIVATION Complete each of the following sentences with a(compound)word derived from the one(s)given in brackets.Write your word on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 10 points in all)51.The railway station has always been a fascinating place, representing departure as well as ______.(arrive)52.A climate that is extreme in temperature, whether it be too hot or too cold, is not ______.(desire)53.Tropical rainforest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round ______ and plentiful rainfall.(warm)54.We often hear of people breaking down from ______, but in nine cases out of ten they are really suffering from worry or anxiety.(work, over)55.The ______ red strawberries make a nice decoration on top of the cake.(juice)56.More and more businessmen have realized that it is important to ______ their products in international trade.(standard)57.The earthquake-stricken area received ______ help from its neighboring provinces.(time)58.What is considered moral in one society may be ______ in another, depending on different social values.(moral)59.Young people will need to learn to ______ the responsibility of their own decisions.(shoulder)60.Special guidance and help need to be provided to the ______ members of the staff.(qualified)VI.SENTENCE TRANSLATION Turn the following sentences into English and write your sentences on the answer sheet.(3 points each, 15 points in all)61.公司越來越多地借助高科技來保護(hù)計(jì)算機(jī)的安全。62.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該首先根據(jù)他們的興趣來選專業(yè)。

63.名人生活壓力很大，因?yàn)椴还芩麄儽砻娑喙怩r，他們基本上沒有隱私和安全感。64.在應(yīng)聘工作時(shí)，應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)積極參與談話，但不應(yīng)喧賓奪主。

65.經(jīng)過三個(gè)月的投訴，我終于讓百貨商場經(jīng)理退還了多收我的二十塊錢。VII.WRITING Write a composition on the answer sheet in about 150 words, basing yourself on one of the texts you have learned.(15 points)Topic: Describe the changes Barrentt experienced and explain the reason based on the text “Take Over, Bos’n!” Use the following outline: ·the situation the sailors were in

·the conflict between Snyder, the captain, and Barrentt, the third officer ·the role Barrentt played

·the cause for Barrentt’s change

第三篇：自考英語寫作真題-3

全國2010年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試

外貿(mào)英語寫作試題

課程代碼：00097

請將答案填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上

Part One: Questions 1-20

Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.（在下列各題中選擇一個(gè)最佳答案填空。）20%

1.The ______ will have a rotating honorary chairman.A.Board of Directors

C.boards of directorB.Boards of DirectorD.Board Directors

2.Only one of the job applicants can keyboard as fast as ______.A.mine

C.IB.myselfD.me

3.Because of the construction decline, ______ housing is available.A.fewer

C.leastB.lessD.more

4.Checking accounts differ ______ saving accounts.A.with

C.betweenB.onD.from

5.After inspection of the above shipment, they found 6 cases ______.A.loss

C.missedB.missingD.losing

6.It might have been ______ who made the bid.A.himself

C.him

7.______ must be done to solve this problem.A.Everything

C.Some thing

8.She is unhappy with ______ of the order.A.your handle

C.you handleB.your handling D.you handlingB.SomethingD.AnythingB.hisD.he

9.A committee of four men and five women ______ to be appointed in this week’s meeting.A.wereB.was

═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

C.isD.are

10.The President has asked for budget cuts, and Congress has indicated ______ willingness to legislate some of them.A.its

C.it’sB.theirD.his

11.The outer packing of the black tea in small wooden cases looks ______.A.attractive

C.beautyB.attractivelyD.beautifully

12.______ you have entered your new office building, you probably would like to refurnish it.A.Now that

C.ForB.So thatD.Because

13.In addition to setting the price of a product, business firms must decide ______ to offer special discount and credit terms to their customers.A.if

C.whateverB.whichD.whether

14.I think your sister is old enough to know ______ to spend all her money on fancy goods.A.better than

C.other thanB.thanD.rather than

15.I have received ______ professional training.A.three-month

C.a three-monthB.three-monthsD.three-month’s

16.______ our general agent, you would also have to look after the advertising.A.Be

C.To beB.ForD.As

17.Although ______ primarily to promote trade relations, these agreements also foster technological cooperation.A.designed

C.it is designedB.they are to be designedD.they are being designed

18.The importer will submit references if these ______ given in the preliminary negotiations.A.are not

C.has not beenB.had not beenD.were not

19.The goods are urgently needed.We ______ hope you will deliver them immediately.A.in the case

C.thereforeB.soD.for

20.We appreciate your suggestion ______ establish agency relationship between our two banks.A.that

C.we

Part Two: Questions 21-30

B.forD.to

There is one mistake in each of the following sentences.Detect and correct the mistakes.Write your corrections together with the mistakes on the answer sheet.（下列每句各有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，找出錯(cuò)誤并改正。請將錯(cuò)誤及改正寫在答題紙上。）20%

Example: Who’s taking care the dog while you’re away?

taking care → taking care of

21.The computer, which is a very useful tool, is more and more dispensable in both our work and our life.22.Comparing with the same type of products of other companies, your product is the best.23.Nowadays surfing on the net is become a necessary part of our everyday life.24.I wish I could speak English as fluent as native speakers do.25.“I’ve got used to do E-commerce on the net,” he said to me proudly.26.Surely it was them who left the package last night.27.Our age, as we all know, is a information age.28.The contract, which stipulations have been negotiated over the past six months, is to be signed again.29.This letter is accompanied by a questionnaire and a self-addressed envelope.30.Writing for Business Week, the TV networks were commended by the editor for their coverage of economics.Part Three: Questions 31-40

Write logical sentences with the words and phrases given.(用所給的詞和詞組寫出符合邏輯的句子。)10%

31.generally expect / to have / we / in today’s workplace / good computer skills / all employees

32.how well / are eager to / is performing / find out / the sales representatives / the promotion team

33.will have / with exchange rate / you visit / in any of the 8 countries / you and your staff / no trouble

34.import tax / permits goods / with little or no / to enter this country / the open-door policy

35.a free bestseller / will send / join now / if you / the Time Book Club / you

36.like the WTO / to regulate the economic / international economic bodies / and trade development / the world / needs

37.the enclosed draft / be able to review / you will / the next two weeks / within / I hope

38.have been employed / in an effort / different methods / the energy problem / by different countries / to solve

39.the group / similar investments / in other parts / according to / is making / a recent report / of the world

40.during a given time period / the imports / of a specified commodity / or exports / a quota limits

Part Four: Questions 41-50

Each of the following sentences contains one punctuation error.One punctuation in each is either missing or misused.Detect the error and write the missing punctuation or your correction together with the word before the punctuation on the answer sheet.（下面每句都有一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號錯(cuò)誤，該用標(biāo)點(diǎn)處未用標(biāo)點(diǎn)或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號用錯(cuò)。改正錯(cuò)誤或補(bǔ)寫標(biāo)點(diǎn)，并將其與前面的一個(gè)單詞一起填寫在答題紙上。）10%

Example: A.What a nice present you gave me.B.You think you are right don’t you?

41.I doubt that he can answer your question

42.In short employees must work hard and creatively.43.We are considering Boise, Idaho or Phoenix Arizona as a possible site for our factory.44.Everybody knows that, we have a very challenging sales quota to fulfill this year.45.The aircraft exhibition will be open seven days a week from 9 am to 6 p.m.46.The machines arrived today, we plan to install them next week.47.If you desire additional information please sign and return the enclosed card.48.Although, he joined the firm only last year, he is already senior to me.49.The rent is reasonable, moreover, the location is perfect.50.They have been working for hours without a moments rest.Part Five: Memo Writing

Write a memo in about 50 words.（寫一份50個(gè)單詞左右的備忘錄。）15%

51.You are the Personnel Manager of a company, and have been approached by your IT Department to recruit three new members of staff.Write a memo to Miss Kate Bush, the Manager of the IT Department,·informing her you have received over 100 applications and have selected 10 candidates for interview,·telling her you will write to the candidates inviting them for interview, and

·asking her to tell you the time and the place of the interview.Part Six: Letter Writing

Write a letter in 130-150 words.（寫一封字?jǐn)?shù)為130-150的信函。）25%

52.根據(jù)下列信息寫一封希望與一家外國公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的書信, 字?jǐn)?shù)在130-150之間。

1)從網(wǎng)上獲悉貴公司求購絲綢服裝。

2)我們公司是我國最大的絲綢服裝出口公司之一, 愿在平等互惠的基礎(chǔ)上建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

3)我們公司的絲綢服裝采用高檔純絲作原料，按傳統(tǒng)工藝制作而成，給人以雍容華貴之感，令人愛不釋手?，F(xiàn)

附上商品目錄和價(jià)格單供貴公司參閱。

4)希望貴公司來函詢盤。

第四篇：經(jīng)典真題解析

一、簡單地介紹下自己

尊敬的各位考官以及所有工作人員，大家好！

今天能在這里參加面試，有機(jī)會(huì)向各位考官請教和學(xué)習(xí)，我感到非常榮幸，我會(huì)好好珍惜這次難得機(jī)會(huì)把一個(gè)真實(shí)的我展示給在場的各位，下面介紹一下我的基本情況。

我是某重點(diǎn)高校2008屆**專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)生，報(bào)考的崗位是****。我生活作風(fēng)簡樸踏實(shí)，為人樂觀友善；熱心國事，積極參與黨團(tuán)組織活動(dòng)；有著較高的政治覺悟和一定的理論水平；喜歡從事事務(wù)性工作，服務(wù)意識較強(qiáng)；愛好寫作、讀書以及戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。

我接受過全方位大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)教育，**專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)鍛造了我扎實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)、縝密的邏輯思維能力以及敏銳的發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題的視角。在求學(xué)的過程中，我積極參與調(diào)研和社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，曾擔(dān)任學(xué)生社團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)人，組織策劃過多次學(xué)生社團(tuán)活動(dòng)；參加過我校大學(xué)生暑期三下鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，參與撰寫的社會(huì)實(shí)踐論文獲我校暑期三下鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)實(shí)踐優(yōu)秀論文二等獎(jiǎng)。通過大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)和鍛煉，我培養(yǎng)了較強(qiáng)的文字處理、社會(huì)調(diào)研、人際交往以及計(jì)劃組織協(xié)調(diào)能力。在大學(xué)期間，獲得了省級高校三好學(xué)生、校級三好學(xué)生、校級獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金以及校級優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生等榮譽(yù)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我在服務(wù)零售業(yè)工作近兩年，曾擔(dān)任經(jīng)理助理一職，協(xié)助經(jīng)理處理好區(qū)域各項(xiàng)事務(wù)，負(fù)責(zé)公文寫作、會(huì)議組織、活動(dòng)策劃、行政管理等相關(guān)工作。服務(wù)零售業(yè)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了我的服務(wù)意識，積累了解決實(shí)際問題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，更加深了我對基層工商行政管理部門在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中，履行準(zhǔn)入、監(jiān)管、執(zhí)法、維權(quán)等職能以規(guī)范市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序、保障國民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的理解。

總之，較為全面的知識儲備以及兩年來的工作經(jīng)歷，使我具備了一定的文字功底和較強(qiáng)語言表達(dá)能力，鍛煉較強(qiáng)的人際關(guān)系處理、計(jì)劃組織協(xié)調(diào)、應(yīng)變及自我情緒控制能力。面向未來，就我的工作意愿、興趣愛好、能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而言，我有信心能在公務(wù)員這一神圣的崗位上，為社會(huì)做出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值。謝謝！

二、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)前一天交代你將文件交給甲，第二天領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一上班就責(zé)怪你，本應(yīng)將文件送給乙，為什么卻送給了甲，你該如何處理？

在工作中會(huì)碰到各式各樣的問題，如題中出現(xiàn)的情況，就是一個(gè)很正常的現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)楣ぷ骶褪窃诮鉀Q紛繁復(fù)雜的矛盾中個(gè)人能力得到不斷提高，從而更好地服務(wù)他人，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值的過程。如果我碰到上述問題，我會(huì)從以下幾個(gè)方面去處理：

首先，我要擺正心態(tài)、正確地對待這個(gè)問題，既然領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)怪我把文件送錯(cuò)地方了，那我在第一時(shí)間將甲處的文件取回，送給乙。同時(shí)，跟甲道歉，由于自己的疏忽把文件誤送給甲，請求他的諒解，我相信通過我的溝通，甲能夠諒解的。

其次，我會(huì)虛心接受領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對我的批評，當(dāng)然不會(huì)跟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)頂撞，否則會(huì)使事情復(fù)雜化。待將錯(cuò)誤彌補(bǔ)后，我會(huì)對這件事情進(jìn)行反思。在我的印象中明明是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)交代我將文件送給甲的，是我記錯(cuò)了還是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)突然該改變想法，又不便于表明。這些都不是重點(diǎn)了，自己的反思是為了將這件事情弄清楚，給自己一個(gè)反省。

第三，事后，若該事是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的失誤造成的，對此我也不會(huì)單獨(dú)找領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說明情況，畢竟是一件小事。我更不會(huì)因此抱怨，尤其在同事之間抱怨。我會(huì)把這件事情當(dāng)做對自己的一種歷練。對于以后的類似事情，我會(huì)跟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)再次確認(rèn)文件送往的處室和人員，并將送往的處室和人員寫在便條上附在文件后與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核實(shí)。

總之，在工作中犯錯(cuò)誤并不可怕，可怕的是再次犯同一錯(cuò)誤。在以后的工作中，我會(huì)更加細(xì)致、耐心并加強(qiáng)業(yè)務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)，確保把工作做得盡善盡美。

三、你新到單位，對單位不了解，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)交給你任務(wù)，你沒有完成好，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不信任你了，你怎么辦？

任何人進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的環(huán)境都會(huì)有一個(gè)由陌生到熟悉、不適應(yīng)到適應(yīng)的過程，作為新到單位的公職人員，肯定會(huì)遇到由于對單位的不熟悉不了解，而產(chǎn)生這樣或那樣的問題。不管遇到任何難題，我們一定要擺正心態(tài)、積極主動(dòng)地應(yīng)對一切。如遇到上述情況，我會(huì)從以下幾個(gè)方面來做：

首先，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)交給我任務(wù)，我沒有完成好，是自己的失責(zé)，我一定會(huì)虛心接受領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的批評和建議，積極改正錯(cuò)誤，加班加點(diǎn)保質(zhì)保量將任務(wù)完成好，直到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)滿意為止。

其次，在以后的工作中，我會(huì)更多地向有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老同志請教，在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)熟悉單位工作流程和規(guī) 1

章制度，同時(shí)利用休息時(shí)間加強(qiáng)知識學(xué)習(xí)，切實(shí)提高自身業(yè)務(wù)技能。

第三，我不會(huì)因?yàn)檫@件事情而氣餒，我會(huì)將這種壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為做好本職工作的動(dòng)力，在盡職盡責(zé)做好本職工作之余，遇到自己有把握做好的任務(wù)，我會(huì)積極主動(dòng)地向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)“請纓”，并竭盡一切力量確保圓滿完成新的任務(wù)。

我相信通過自己努力的學(xué)習(xí)、誠懇的工作、積極的態(tài)度，一定能重新獲得領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的信任。其實(shí)在工作中，尤其是在公務(wù)員這個(gè)神圣的崗位上，我們將會(huì)面臨更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的問題，不管任何時(shí)候，都要堅(jiān)定信心、千方百計(jì)排除萬難，將自己有限的生命投入到無限的為人民服務(wù)的事業(yè)中去。為人民、為國家做出自己應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。

四、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)安排一個(gè)與你有矛盾的同事一起出差，你會(huì)如何做？

人心齊，泰山移。和諧的同事關(guān)系是做好工作的基礎(chǔ)和保證。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)安排我和一個(gè)有矛盾的同事一起出差，正是給了化解我們矛盾的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。在執(zhí)行任務(wù)的時(shí)候，我會(huì)從以下幾個(gè)方面來做：

首先，認(rèn)真反思，我和這位同事產(chǎn)生矛盾的原因，是由于自己的過失，還是他的誤解，或者其他方面的分歧因處理不當(dāng)留下的“后遺癥”，同時(shí)，仔細(xì)考慮采取何種方式化解矛盾。

其次，無論矛盾的起因如何，過錯(cuò)在誰。在出差的過程中，我都會(huì)提前做好后勤保障工作，落實(shí)好交通、食宿、聯(lián)絡(luò)等相關(guān)事項(xiàng)；在工作上，多與同事溝通，互相交換意見。

第三，如果造成矛盾的主要原因在我，我會(huì)找個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)、以合適的方式向同事道歉，請求他的諒解；若由于他的誤解造成了矛盾，我也會(huì)向他講明事情原委，委婉地表明是他誤解了。

最后，如果做了上述努力后，矛盾仍未化解，我會(huì)以大局為重、以工作為先，盡力與同事共同完成任務(wù)，在總結(jié)工作向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)時(shí)，我會(huì)將功勞多歸功于同事；如果在出差的過程中，同事非但不配合還從中作梗，我會(huì)嚴(yán)肅地提出批評，指出其錯(cuò)誤，必要的時(shí)候如實(shí)向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)。

我相信，通過自己的努力和相互的溝通，我們一定能“化干戈為玉帛”，成功化解彼此之間的誤解，重歸親密無間的伙伴關(guān)系。除此之外，在以后的工作中，我會(huì)時(shí)刻以寬容的心態(tài)對待同事、時(shí)刻注意團(tuán)結(jié)同事、時(shí)刻注意維護(hù)單位的整體形象，這樣才能最大限度發(fā)揮大家的合力，形成一個(gè)高效和諧的團(tuán)隊(duì)。

五、單位派你去山村扶貧一年，但是因?yàn)榛鶎訄?zhí)法人員的一些不當(dāng)?shù)膱?zhí)法行為，使得當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩詹幌嘈欧桑惺裁词虑榫涂空谊P(guān)系或者其他門路解決，你怎么扭轉(zhuǎn)這個(gè)局面？

依法治國是黨和政府治理國家的基本方略，各級政府和相關(guān)部門必須做到“有法必依、執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)、違法必究”，人民群眾也要學(xué)會(huì)用法律來維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益。如果遇到上述問題，我會(huì)這樣來處理：

首先，仔細(xì)調(diào)研群眾反映的執(zhí)法不公現(xiàn)象，向群眾、執(zhí)法人員以及相關(guān)部門了解清楚事情原委，獲取第一手資料。

其次，經(jīng)調(diào)查如果發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)存在部分基層執(zhí)法人員不當(dāng)?shù)膱?zhí)法行為，我將提出建議和意見，督促其糾正錯(cuò)誤、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重觸犯法律法規(guī)的，我會(huì)向司法檢察機(jī)關(guān)反映，絕不姑息這些違法違紀(jì)行為。如果調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，不存在這樣的現(xiàn)象，我會(huì)公布調(diào)查結(jié)果，打消群眾疑慮消除誤解，維護(hù)好干群關(guān)系。

第三，無論調(diào)查結(jié)果如何，老百姓不相信法律質(zhì)疑法律權(quán)威，表明當(dāng)?shù)鼗蚨嗷蛏俅嬖趫?zhí)法不公、執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)的現(xiàn)象。我將向上級部門反映，加強(qiáng)地方政府尤其是執(zhí)法人員法律法規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)，嚴(yán)厲打擊違法違紀(jì)行為，強(qiáng)化依法行政、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法觀念。同時(shí)，采取法律知識巡講、免費(fèi)法律咨詢等方式，做好山區(qū)群眾普法教育，提高老百姓知法守法用法意識。

溫家寶總理曾說過：公平正義比太陽還光輝！公平正義是構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的重要目標(biāo)，無論是地方政府還是基層執(zhí)法人員都必須恪守國家法律法規(guī)依法行政、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法，為提高整個(gè)國家的法治水平實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)，讓人民群眾生活地更加幸福、更有尊嚴(yán)！

六、某住宅樓有一個(gè)住在頂樓的住房將住宅改成餐廳，吸取了很多人來就餐，導(dǎo)致下面的住戶意見很大！如果你是居委會(huì)辦事人員，派你去處理此事，你將怎么辦？

社區(qū)是居民生活的公共場所，社區(qū)事情無小事，身為居委會(huì)辦事人員，我有責(zé)任和義務(wù)做好社區(qū)工作，如果出現(xiàn)上述情況，我會(huì)這樣來處理：

首先，針對住戶反映的情況，我將展開詳細(xì)的調(diào)查，實(shí)地考察這個(gè)違規(guī)餐廳的基本情況，與餐廳老板

和樓下住戶進(jìn)行溝通，從而對餐廳的違規(guī)程度以及造成的影響有個(gè)詳細(xì)的了解；同時(shí)，查閱有關(guān)違規(guī)建筑和違法經(jīng)營的法律法規(guī)。

其次，我將根據(jù)自己掌握的資料，及時(shí)向相關(guān)部門反映情況，配合城管、工商等有關(guān)部門做好餐廳老板的說服教育以及行政執(zhí)法工作；同時(shí)對社區(qū)進(jìn)行一次大的排查，整頓違規(guī)行為，杜絕安全隱患，并及時(shí)做好這起違規(guī)餐廳事件處置情況的通報(bào)，告知其他居民處理結(jié)果，以這個(gè)事情為契機(jī)，宣傳相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，提高社區(qū)居民法律意識，避免類似事情再次發(fā)生。

第三，在事情處理好之后，我會(huì)做好餐廳老板和樓下住戶矛盾的協(xié)調(diào)工作，恢復(fù)和諧的鄰里關(guān)系。另外，之前來餐廳就餐的人不少，表明在這個(gè)社區(qū)開餐廳還是有一定市場的。如果餐廳老板愿意在社區(qū)繼續(xù)開餐廳，我將積極引導(dǎo)其合法經(jīng)營，并盡可能的提供幫助。

總之，和諧的社區(qū)環(huán)境、友好的鄰里關(guān)系有助于提高社區(qū)居民的生活質(zhì)量。作為基層管理者，要盡職盡責(zé)、盡心盡力做好本職工作，為構(gòu)建和諧社區(qū)做出自己應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。

七、對于廣州法制辦“咆哮哥”事件，你有什么看法？

全心全意為人民服務(wù)，接受人民群眾監(jiān)督是每一個(gè)公務(wù)員要履行的基本義務(wù)。廣州法制辦的那名公職人員因其惡劣的服務(wù)態(tài)度被戲稱為“咆哮哥”值得我們深思，關(guān)于這件事我有以下幾點(diǎn)看法：

首先，公務(wù)員是代表國家從事公共事務(wù)管理的，時(shí)刻代表著國家和政府的形象，忠于職守、勤勉敬業(yè)是我們的本分，為人民群眾提供公共服務(wù)是我們應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。在這一點(diǎn)上這位公職人員是失職的，同時(shí)也給我們政府和整個(gè)公務(wù)員隊(duì)伍造成了較大的負(fù)面影響。然而值得可喜的是，事后，那名公職人員意識到自己的錯(cuò)誤，主動(dòng)向當(dāng)事人道歉，改正錯(cuò)誤，這種行為值得肯定。

其次，咆哮哥事件暴露出了當(dāng)前我國公務(wù)員隊(duì)伍建設(shè)上的一些問題，部分公務(wù)員自身修養(yǎng)不夠；工作態(tài)度不端正，官本位、官僚主義作風(fēng)濃厚；對于公務(wù)員行政執(zhí)法缺乏有效監(jiān)督機(jī)制和內(nèi)部糾錯(cuò)機(jī)制。

第三，公務(wù)員隊(duì)伍作風(fēng)建設(shè)事關(guān)建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府大局，相關(guān)部門要強(qiáng)化公務(wù)員隊(duì)伍素質(zhì)修養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)和業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)范培訓(xùn)，同時(shí)進(jìn)一步完善公務(wù)員考核機(jī)制，把公務(wù)人員作風(fēng)考核推向社會(huì)，讓社會(huì)參與考評，構(gòu)建起公務(wù)員作風(fēng)監(jiān)督平臺。防止類似事件再次發(fā)生。

總之，作為一名公務(wù)員，在以后的工作中，我們必須嚴(yán)格遵守法律法規(guī)、做好本職工作，時(shí)刻注意自身行為、時(shí)刻注意傾聽群眾意見，時(shí)刻注意維護(hù)群眾利益，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、勤勉盡責(zé)，履行好“全心全意為人民服務(wù)”的莊嚴(yán)承諾，為努力建設(shè)人民滿意的服務(wù)型政府作出積極的貢獻(xiàn)。

八、一個(gè)藝術(shù)家問一個(gè)書法家什么字最難寫，書法家回答：是“一”字。請發(fā)表你的看法？

老子曾說過：“有無相生，難易相成”，其中“難易相成”指的就是事情沒有絕對的難和易之分，難易是可以相互轉(zhuǎn)變的。其實(shí)，書法家對于藝術(shù)家的回答也可以這樣理解，對于這種表達(dá)我有以下幾點(diǎn)看法：

首先，群眾利益無小事，只要是關(guān)系到群眾的事情，不管事情多小，我們都要竭盡全力努力解決好，一定要讓群眾滿意。

其次，在復(fù)雜的任務(wù)面前，只要我們要充分發(fā)動(dòng)群眾的力量，集眾人之力，就一定能夠把事情辦好。就拿目前我國南方各省洪澇災(zāi)害來說，只要我們眾志成城、萬眾一心，就一定能夠共度難關(guān)。

第三，最難寫的是“一”字，因?yàn)橐獙懙钠狡秸?、不偏不倚，“一”字的寫法啟示我們在工作?dāng)中，尤其是在公務(wù)員這個(gè)職位上，做人處事一定要像“一”字一樣，堂堂正正做人、公公正正做事，要盡忠職守、公道正派。

總之，不管做人還是做事，作為公職人員都必須嚴(yán)格遵守法律法規(guī)，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、盡心盡力、盡職盡責(zé)把工作做好，恪守“全心全意為人民服務(wù)”的莊嚴(yán)承諾，在這個(gè)平凡的崗位上作出不平凡的貢獻(xiàn)。

九、用“大智若愚”編個(gè)小故事。

各位考官，接下來考生給各位講一個(gè)“愚蠢的乞丐”的小故事。

以前，有個(gè)乞丐每當(dāng)人們拿1元與5角的錢讓他挑選時(shí)，他都挑5毛的，很多人都以此認(rèn)為這個(gè)乞丐不能分辨1元和5毛的，這個(gè)不能分辨錢大小的乞丐越傳越遠(yuǎn)，以致只要有人碰到這個(gè)乞丐都會(huì)拿1元和5毛讓他去選，當(dāng)然，乞丐依舊選5毛的。有一天，一個(gè)小孩很好奇，就問乞丐：你真的不認(rèn)識錢嗎？乞丐嘿嘿一笑：當(dāng)然認(rèn)識啊，只不過如果我拿1元的，以后還會(huì)有人拿1元和5毛的來讓我挑嗎？

在這個(gè)故事里，表面上看乞丐“愚”到不能分辨錢的大小，實(shí)際上正從反面反映出其“智”，這種人正

如老子所說：“大智若愚、大巧若拙”。這個(gè)故事給我的啟示是，作為新進(jìn)單位的公職人員，必須時(shí)刻謙虛謹(jǐn)慎，不可過分張揚(yáng)，要虛心向老同志請教，以盡快熟悉單位工作流程和規(guī)章制度，提高自己的業(yè)務(wù)技能，盡快成為業(yè)務(wù)能手。

十、對于富士康跳樓事件你如何看？

富士康集團(tuán)發(fā)生員工連續(xù)墜樓事件“是快速工業(yè)化、城市化、現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型期出現(xiàn)的特殊問題”。從個(gè)體看，這些年輕員工思想觀念不成熟、心理比較脆弱、壓力調(diào)節(jié)能力不夠；從企業(yè)看，富士康集團(tuán)的企業(yè)管理、文化建設(shè)等問題容易使問題和情緒產(chǎn)生“疊加效應(yīng)”；從社會(huì)層面看，社會(huì)服務(wù)、關(guān)愛、支持、援助不夠。

防止再次發(fā)生類似事件，要從加強(qiáng)防范、改善公共服務(wù)配套設(shè)施、加強(qiáng)心理干預(yù)的針對性等方面進(jìn)一步加大工作力度，多管齊下，多策并重。主要措施包括：

首先，公安等部門將和企業(yè)一道，密切配合，人防、技防、物防措施一起上，仔細(xì)排查、堵塞漏洞。其次，加強(qiáng)企業(yè)周邊的文化、體育、醫(yī)療、教育等公共服務(wù)配套設(shè)施規(guī)劃建設(shè)，加大社會(huì)環(huán)境綜合整治力度等，讓員工在工廠內(nèi)外都有良好的生活環(huán)境。

第三，指導(dǎo)幫助企業(yè)加快建立完善員工心理咨詢體系，為全體員工提供心理咨詢、輔導(dǎo)等服務(wù)，及時(shí)提供幫助實(shí)施有效干預(yù)，增強(qiáng)防范效果；最后，加強(qiáng)信息發(fā)布和輿論引導(dǎo)，要向社會(huì)及時(shí)發(fā)布客觀、真實(shí)、全面、準(zhǔn)確的信息，營造積極、健康、客觀、理性的輿論氛圍。除此之外，新一代產(chǎn)業(yè)工人要珍愛生命、熱愛生活，勇敢面對困難，做生活的強(qiáng)者。

十一、近期，東莞警方牽賣淫女游街，引起人們熱議。對于這件事，你如何看？

打擊賣淫嫖娼，是公安機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)盡職責(zé)，有利于凈化社會(huì)風(fēng)氣，促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和諧。對于東莞警方牽賣淫女游街，我有以下幾點(diǎn)看法：

第一，東莞警方響應(yīng)公安部“打黃掃非”號召，嚴(yán)厲打擊賣淫嫖娼行為，這一點(diǎn)無可厚非，這是公安機(jī)關(guān)履行職責(zé)，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序的好舉措，打得好！

第二，東莞警方采取賣淫女游街這樣的方式來打擊、遏制賣淫嫖娼行為，這種執(zhí)法方式值得商榷。對賣淫女游街示眾，這是用羞辱一個(gè)人的方式去改造一個(gè)人，反映出當(dāng)前一些地方基層公安機(jī)關(guān)和民警片面追求打擊效果、輕視保障人權(quán)的觀念根深蒂固，不能正確、公開、公正、文明、理性執(zhí)法，執(zhí)法方式嚴(yán)重違反國家規(guī)定，侵害了違法人員的人格尊嚴(yán)。

第三，打擊賣淫嫖娼行為，需要全社會(huì)共同努力。要進(jìn)一步完善打擊賣淫嫖娼行為的實(shí)施細(xì)則，對違法行為加大處罰力度，讓參與賣淫嫖娼的群眾有所懼；各級公安機(jī)關(guān)及公職人員要切實(shí)改進(jìn)執(zhí)法工作，努力做到規(guī)范執(zhí)法、公正執(zhí)法、文明執(zhí)法；要?jiǎng)訂T廣大人民群眾的力量，鼓勵(lì)其舉報(bào)賣淫嫖娼行為；要發(fā)揮新聞媒體輿論監(jiān)督的作用，在全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)積極健康的生活方式。

總之，只要全社會(huì)共同行動(dòng)起來，警民互動(dòng)共同打擊賣淫嫖娼行為，我們的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣將更加良好，社會(huì)將更加和諧穩(wěn)定。

十二、溫總理在浙大勉勵(lì)學(xué)子“做事不做官”，你如何看？

“為天地立心，為生民立命，為往圣繼絕學(xué)，為萬世開太平?！边@是先人告誡我們后輩如何實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值，溫總理勉勵(lì)學(xué)子“做事不做官”，與先人的教誨有異曲同工之處。對于這句話我是這樣來理解的：

首先，人生的目的就是“做事”?！靶行谐鰻钤?，無論干哪一行、從事什么專業(yè)，都要用我們所學(xué)的專長為人民服務(wù)，如果這樣做了，而且做貢獻(xiàn)了，就實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的價(jià)值，人生也就有了意義。

其次，不能“為了做官而做官”。如果為做官而做官，背離老百姓的利益，作威作福、以權(quán)謀私，給社會(huì)和國家造成了嚴(yán)重的損失，將老百姓的利益當(dāng)成自己升官發(fā)財(cái)?shù)膲|腳石，那么這樣的官必定會(huì)被人民唾棄，文強(qiáng)就是例證。

第三，公務(wù)員只是實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值的一種路徑而已，公務(wù)員的宗旨就是為人民服務(wù)，我們要向沈浩同志學(xué)習(xí)，時(shí)刻把人民的利益放在心上，真正地給人民帶來福祉，這樣人民才會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住我們。

十三、古人云“疑人不用、用人不疑”你在使用下屬干部時(shí)是否采用此觀點(diǎn)？

對待這一問題我有如下看法：

第一，關(guān)于用人的原則我贊同“疑人不用”的做法，既是選人用人，就是要對所選之人有相當(dāng)?shù)牧私猓⑶覠o論是在能力還是在品德上都要達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)橛萌撕缶鸵跈?quán)，權(quán)利要掌握在自己信賴的屬下手中，這樣有助于工作的開展。如果，冒險(xiǎn)用人，希望在在實(shí)際中檢驗(yàn)其良莠，很可能會(huì)付出很高的成本。

第二，對于“用人不疑”，我個(gè)人認(rèn)為要一分為二的看。一方面，“用人不疑”體現(xiàn)的是一種用人風(fēng)格的大氣。當(dāng)年劉備起用諸葛亮，以全然的信賴和誠摯換來了諸葛亮的“鞠躬盡瘁，死而后已”?？梢哉f是善用他人的典范，然而，這種“不疑”多少會(huì)有冒險(xiǎn)的成分，要么是有十足的把握，要么是險(xiǎn)中一博。這種風(fēng)格并不十分適用于國家干部的選擇，人民的利益不可以作為冒險(xiǎn)的籌碼。另一方面，在某些情況下用人要疑，人總是在不斷的變化的，過于信賴而疏于監(jiān)督，就為縱容、放任的埋下了隱患，對于下屬的發(fā)展也是極為不利的。

第三，凡事有個(gè)度的把握，在疑與不疑之間要找到平衡點(diǎn)。具體問題具體分析永遠(yuǎn)是不變的真理。身為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，在用人、知人上一定要擦亮慧眼，將人民的利益擺在衡量一切工作的天平上。

十四、漫畫：一邊修路，一邊拆；一個(gè)官員指著正在修的路，說“這是為人民服務(wù)”，另一為群眾說：“這條路從我小時(shí)候就開始修，至今還沒修好”。對于這幅漫畫，你是怎么認(rèn)識的？

各位考官，對于這幅漫畫我有以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識：

首先，這幅漫畫反映了當(dāng)前我國某些地方政府由于唯經(jīng)濟(jì)GDP是從的不正確的政績觀導(dǎo)致了大量的形象工程和面子工程，使得某些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施重復(fù)建設(shè)層出不窮，這樣一種現(xiàn)象。

其次，形象工程、面子工程給我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來了嚴(yán)重的影響，一方面，市政工程的重復(fù)建設(shè)既浪費(fèi)了社會(huì)財(cái)富又制造了大量的建筑垃圾，使得原本脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境雪上加霜；另一方面，形象工程疏遠(yuǎn)了干群關(guān)系、黨群關(guān)系，使得人民群眾對政府的公信力大打折扣，這將影響我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。

第三，我們必須多措并舉、多管齊下，積極地糾正這種錯(cuò)誤的政績觀，杜絕重復(fù)建設(shè)。具體來說，我認(rèn)為，糾正錯(cuò)誤的政績觀核心在于制度建設(shè)，我們要加緊建立健全容括經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化、生態(tài)建設(shè)為一體的科學(xué)發(fā)展綜合評價(jià)體系，杜絕唯經(jīng)濟(jì)GDP是從的錯(cuò)誤的政績觀，同時(shí)嚴(yán)厲打擊違反相關(guān)規(guī)定大搞形象工程的行為，追究相關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人責(zé)任；樹立正確的政績觀，重點(diǎn)在于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要加強(qiáng)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的學(xué)習(xí)，真正把人民群眾的利益放在心上，做到“為官一任、造福一方；杜絕形象工程、面子工程，關(guān)鍵是發(fā)揮群眾的監(jiān)督作用，我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造條件讓群眾批評政府、監(jiān)督政府，同時(shí)充分發(fā)揮新聞媒體的輿論監(jiān)督作用，讓權(quán)力在陽光下運(yùn)行。

總之，只要我們?nèi)鐣?huì)共同努力，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，一個(gè)民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的社會(huì)必將實(shí)現(xiàn)！

十五、某縣一鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)在洪水來襲時(shí)，發(fā)生了大橋坍塌事件，近70名群眾落水。此時(shí)縣領(lǐng)導(dǎo)派你火速趕往現(xiàn)場處理此事，你將怎么辦？

方案11、全力做好失蹤人員搜救工作，盡一切努力搜救失蹤人員；

2、積極做好遇難者及失蹤人員家屬的善后工作；

3、把救災(zāi)當(dāng)做當(dāng)前的中心工作抓緊抓好，確保受災(zāi)群眾生活穩(wěn)定、思想穩(wěn)定，確保社會(huì)大局安定；

4、迅速動(dòng)員全縣上下全面排查各類事故隱患，特別是尾礦庫、水庫、橋梁、河道、松動(dòng)山體等容易發(fā)生

災(zāi)害的地方，進(jìn)一步明確責(zé)任、強(qiáng)化措施，確保不再發(fā)生類似事故；

5、組織力量晝夜搶修，全力做好通信、交通、供水、供電等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施恢復(fù)工作，以最短時(shí)間恢復(fù)正常生

產(chǎn)生活秩序。

方案2：

第一，我會(huì)迅速組織集結(jié)抗洪救災(zāi)隊(duì)伍，向他們說明當(dāng)前面臨的嚴(yán)峻形勢，并在簡短的動(dòng)員之后帶領(lǐng)大家奔赴抗洪救災(zāi)一線，同時(shí)我會(huì)把隊(duì)伍分成抗洪搶險(xiǎn)組、后勤保障組、群眾轉(zhuǎn)移組等，要求大家分頭行動(dòng)，確保救災(zāi)工作的有序進(jìn)行。

第二，我會(huì)安排抗洪搶險(xiǎn)組加強(qiáng)對區(qū)域內(nèi)重點(diǎn)水利工程的巡察，對發(fā)現(xiàn)的險(xiǎn)情盡快作出處理；后勤保障組要負(fù)責(zé)做好搶險(xiǎn)物資的準(zhǔn)備和運(yùn)輸，確保其他各組工作的有效進(jìn)行；群眾轉(zhuǎn)移組要深入各群眾聚居區(qū)，做好群眾的安撫和動(dòng)員工作，迅速把群眾轉(zhuǎn)移到安全區(qū)域，過程中尤其要注意優(yōu)先轉(zhuǎn)移老幼病殘?jiān)腥罕姟?/p>

第三，在抗洪救災(zāi)過程中，要注意保持與各組的信息溝通，統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，保證救災(zāi)工作的有序快速進(jìn)行。第四要及時(shí)向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)抗洪救災(zāi)工作的進(jìn)展情況，請領(lǐng)導(dǎo)放心。

十六、生命如花，有的花香而不艷，有的花艷而不香，有的又艷又香但是有刺。對此你有什么感想？

第一，花香而不艷，則賞花之人不易發(fā)現(xiàn)；花艷而不香，則賞花之人不愿長駐足；又艷又香卻有刺，美則美矣，卻苦于無法接近。

第二，花就好比我們?nèi)耍械娜藘?nèi)涵豐富，才能卓越，卻苦于沒有相應(yīng)的表達(dá)技巧，往往郁郁終生而不得志；有的人巧舌如簧，口若懸河，但卻無法以深厚的功底作為支撐，終究不能成大器；有的人兩者兼?zhèn)?，但又不免恃才傲物，不易接近?/p>

第三，對于個(gè)人來說，要成為一個(gè)符合當(dāng)今社會(huì)要求的德才兼?zhèn)涞娜瞬?，我們有很多路要走，既要注重提高自己的個(gè)人專業(yè)技能，又不能偏廢自身品德素養(yǎng)的磨練，只有這樣，我們才能得到他人認(rèn)同與幫助，終成大器。

第四，對社會(huì)來說，“人無完人”，一個(gè)完美的人才是可遇而不可求的，我們必須要愛才惜才更容才，充分挖掘其長處，對其短處則多些寬容與引導(dǎo)，使其最大限度地推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步。

單位要提拔一個(gè)人，有二個(gè)人選。有一個(gè)能力很強(qiáng)，有一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系能力好，單位提了協(xié)調(diào)能力強(qiáng)的這個(gè)人你是怎么看的？認(rèn)為正常嗎？

答案：

1、我認(rèn)為這是正常的，俗話說:橫看成嶺側(cè)成鋒。每個(gè)人的看法和角度都不一樣。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有著豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他考慮問題是很全面的是從大局出發(fā)的。因此他用人肯定有他自己的看法。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)服從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、支持領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

2、我們應(yīng)該把重心放在做好自己的本分工作上。不參與議論是非。不利于團(tuán)結(jié)的話不說、不利于團(tuán)結(jié)的事不做，認(rèn)真維護(hù)單位內(nèi)部的團(tuán)結(jié)氛圍。

3、公務(wù)員考察的是德能勤績廉。他對一個(gè)人的要求是很全面的。在一個(gè)部門，一個(gè)科室，和諧的有戰(zhàn)斗力的工作集體的創(chuàng)造離不開同志的互相支持和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)高超的協(xié)調(diào)藝術(shù)。因此，作為一名公務(wù)員不僅要求有很高的工作能力和業(yè)務(wù)水平，還要有很強(qiáng)的組織協(xié)調(diào)能力。

4、作為一名公務(wù)員，我會(huì)在以后的工作崗位上，向兩位同事學(xué)習(xí)，不斷努力提高的業(yè)務(wù)水平和工作能力，注意自己協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系能力的培養(yǎng)，及時(shí)和同事進(jìn)行溝通，及時(shí)向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)自己的工作，不斷完善、充實(shí)自己，做一名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)放心、同事支持的公務(wù)員。

第五篇：1988年考研英語真題及解析

1988年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God

1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧

months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims

that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living

began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists? health

with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back

the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was

them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way ［C］ on their own

［D］ of their own 2.［A］ course

［B］ route

［C］ passage ［D］ channel 3.［A］ Uncomfortable ［B］ Bad

［C］ Unfavourable ［D］ Terrible 4.［A］ passed

［B］ sustained ［C］ survived ［D］ spent 5.［A］ situations

［B］ environments ［C］ conditions

［D］ circumstances 6.［A］ strengthened ［B］ regained ［C］ recovered ［D］ improved 7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 9.［A］ Best of all ［B］ For the best ［C］ To their best ［D］ All in all 10.［A］ ashore

［B］ around

［C］ about

［D］ aboard

試題精解

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了“五月花號”抵達(dá)美洲新大陸的情況及感恩節(jié)的來歷。

第一段交代了文章的背景：一批殖民者到達(dá)北美新大陸。①至④句介紹了“五月花號”前往美洲的原因，⑤至⑩句介紹了“五月花號”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陸后遇到的困難，○11至1○6句介紹了他們生活條件得到好轉(zhuǎn)的原因及表現(xiàn)。第二段通過對過去的回顧與對未來的展望，敘述了朝圣者懷有感恩的心態(tài)并與當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩撕炇鹩押脜f(xié)定，為下文感恩節(jié)的形成做了鋪墊。

第三段說明了感恩節(jié)產(chǎn)生的直接原因：朝圣者想慶祝他們定居新家的第一年。

二、試題具體分析

1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way以…特有的方式 ［C］ on their own單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地

［D］ of their own自己的，本人的 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：句內(nèi)語義+固定短語

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語作狀語，修飾worship God，說明朝圣者前往新大陸的原因。in one?s own way是固定搭配，意為“以…特有的方式”，代入文中意為“以他們特有的方式敬仰上帝”，符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，為正確答案。on their own與of their own不符合文意，style雖然可以表示“方式、方法”，但該含義不用于in one?s own…結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一個(gè)層次，揭示了五月花號前往新大陸的原因。④句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主干為They were looking for a place，后接where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾place。［空格設(shè)置］in one?s own way是固定短語，如：I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的確是以她特有的方式愛你。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用常見的固定搭配設(shè)置干擾。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her own.這一事故的發(fā)生不是她本人的過錯(cuò)。He did it on his own.這件事他獨(dú)立完成了。

2.［A］ course航向，航線

［B］ route路線，路途 ［C］ passage通道，航程

［D］ channel渠道，海峽 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析

［快速解題］空格處填入的名詞作lost的賓語，因此此題關(guān)鍵是判斷那個(gè)選項(xiàng)可與lost搭配且符合文意。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)賓搭配分別表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路線”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峽”，顯然不存在后兩種搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。［篇章分析］⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二個(gè)層次，分別介紹了朝圣者在航行中及登陸后遇到的困難。

［空格設(shè)置］course除了考生熟悉的表示“課程”的含義外，還可意為“（船或飛機(jī)的）航向，航線“，如：The plane was on/off course.飛機(jī)航向正確/偏離航向。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用其他表示“路徑”的詞對course形成近義干擾。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一條是最佳路線？This passage will take us to the other building.穿過這條通道，我們就可以到達(dá)另一座大樓。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投訴必須通過正當(dāng)途徑進(jìn)行。

3.［A］ Uncomfortable令人不舒適的 ［B］ Bad令人不快的，壞的

［C］ Unfavourable不利的，有害的 ［D］ Terrible可怕的，造成極大傷害的 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+形容詞辨析 ［快速解題］空格處填入的形容詞做定語修飾months，意為“…的幾個(gè)月”。months后面的of…介詞結(jié)構(gòu)也做定語后置修飾months，由of后面的一系列名詞“starvation、disease、death”可知，這幾個(gè)月的情況是極其嚴(yán)重的，因此，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)選擇表示惡劣程度最深的terrible。

［空格設(shè)置］terrible的詞義和用法比較簡單，本題需要考生理解上下文的具體內(nèi)容做出選擇。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“不利的”的形容詞設(shè)置干擾，考生需結(jié)合詞語表達(dá)含義的程度與具體語境排除干擾。

4.［A］ passed通過，經(jīng)過；消磨，度過

［B］ sustained維持（生命、生存）［C］ survived生存；幸存，挺過，艱難度過 ［D］ spent花（時(shí)間），度過 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+動(dòng)詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人…那個(gè)冬天”。pass常用于指無聊或等人時(shí)打發(fā)、消磨時(shí)間；spend強(qiáng)調(diào)以某種方式花時(shí)間，常接on sth或in doing sth來表示方式。sustain雖然含有“生存”的意思，但其后常接life或人作賓語，不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive，指“艱難挺過那個(gè)冬天”，與上一題中的terrible相呼應(yīng)。［空格設(shè)置］本題借survive考查了考生對上下文的理解。例句：I can?t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元，我無法維持生活。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用表示“度過”的動(dòng)詞對survive構(gòu)成近義干擾，考生要在理解詞義的基礎(chǔ)上對單詞的用法區(qū)別掌握。例句：We sang songs to pass the time.我們借唱歌消磨時(shí)間。Few planets can sustain life.能夠維持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作業(yè)用了多長時(shí)間？ 5.［A］ situations情況，狀況

［B］ environments環(huán)境 ［C］ conditions環(huán)境，條件

［D］ circumstances條件，狀況 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分living 5 意為“生活…”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都含有“環(huán)境，狀況”的意思，但是側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。situation強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)期和特定地點(diǎn)形勢、局面，environments特指影響個(gè)體或事物行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境，conditions指居住、工作或做事情的環(huán)境或條件，circumstances尤其指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等詞可知，這里指的是人們的生活條件得到改善，符合文意的為[C]conditions.［篇章分析］○11句至○16句是第一段的第三個(gè)層次，指出了朝圣者在新的定居點(diǎn)生活條件得到改善的原因及表現(xiàn)。

［空格設(shè)置］conditions本身詞義比較簡單，但要求考生根據(jù)上下文語境排除干擾，作出正確判斷。例句：changing economic conditions不斷變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“環(huán)境、狀況”的名詞對conditions形成近義干擾。這幾個(gè)詞雖然含義相近，但用法上各有不同，例句如：We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我們都遇到過類似的尷尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他們創(chuàng)造了一種可以大大提高生產(chǎn)力的環(huán)境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.補(bǔ)助金根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況發(fā)放。6.［A］strengthened加強(qiáng)，鞏固

［B］regained 重新獲得，恢復(fù) ［C］recovered恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)

［D］improved 改進(jìn)，改善 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分的主語是the colonists? health，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞能與health搭配，并且能與上下文銜接。strengthened指“增強(qiáng)能力或地位等”，不能與health搭配，首先排除。regained意為“恢復(fù)”時(shí)常做及物動(dòng)詞，不符合文中用法，但是可以說…regained health。recovered本身即意為“恢復(fù)健康”，不需要health作主語。符合上下文語義的只有improve，在文中意為“健康得到改善”。

［篇章分析］○16句的主干部分是The colonists? health improved，介詞with的用法比較特殊，表原因，介賓短語with…解釋了health improved的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］improve的含義比較簡單，但用法很豐富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”，如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手術(shù)后他的生活質(zhì)量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；改善條件。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用考生熟悉的漢語表達(dá)法設(shè)置干擾。漢語里經(jīng)常有“恢復(fù)健康、增強(qiáng)健康”的表達(dá)方式，考生要熟悉英漢兩種語言表達(dá)方式的區(qū)別，排除干擾。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近幾個(gè)星期以來，她在黨內(nèi)的地位有所增強(qiáng)。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢復(fù)自己的一點(diǎn)兒尊嚴(yán)。He?s still recovering from his operation.手術(shù)后，他仍在恢復(fù)之中。7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：介詞搭配

［快速解題］空格處填入的介詞既要與look back搭配，又要能接the past year作賓語。不存在look back in與look back of的用法，首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over與look back at都可意為“回顧”，但look back at后面接具體的時(shí)間或事物，look back over后面接特定階段，顯然文中the past year強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，符合要求的是look back over，代入文中意為“回顧過去的一年”。

［篇章分析］第二段分為兩個(gè)層次：1○7至○20句是對過去的回顧，2○1至○26句是對未來的展望與準(zhǔn)備。○21句句首o(hù)n the other hand表明了這種今昔對比。

［空格設(shè)置］介詞over的含義和用法都很豐富，在知識運(yùn)用的文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生要結(jié)合具體語境掌握該詞用法。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用其他可與look搭配的常用介詞設(shè)置干擾，需要正確理解上下文才排除干擾。8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+介詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意為“一個(gè)大豐收…他們”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知，他們在秋天已經(jīng)取得大豐收，并為第二年冬天做準(zhǔn)備。behind意為used to say that sth is in sb?s past，它代入文中，意為“他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收”，即“已經(jīng)獲得了豐收”。其他項(xiàng)與them搭配分別意為“由他們支付”、“為了他們”與“他們無法理解“，均不符合上下文語義，應(yīng)排除。［篇章分析］2○1句是第二段第二個(gè)層次的總起句，指出了對未來的希望。2○2句至段末分別從食物、住所以及人際關(guān)系三方面舉出了充滿希望的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］本題通過behind考查了考生對文章內(nèi)部時(shí)間邏輯的把握，及它本身不為考生所熟悉的含義。例句：She has ten years? useful experience behind her.她已有十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能派上用場。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用常用介詞設(shè)置的脫離上下文的無關(guān)干擾，聯(lián)系上下文語義不難排除。

9.［A］ Best of all最好的是，尤其 ［B］ For the best出于好意 ［C］ To their best

［D］ All in all總的來說 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語放在句首，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷空格前后部分的邏輯關(guān)系。to their best短語不存在，首先排除。上文都是講殖民者為來年做的物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備，○26句重在強(qiáng)調(diào)人際關(guān)系方面的改善，體現(xiàn)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系的只有best of all。［篇章分析］2○6句雖然是一個(gè)簡單句，但是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，主干為they had established a treaty of friendship，句首的best of all與with..，under…，in…三個(gè)介賓短語做狀語。［空格設(shè)置］邏輯關(guān)系在知識運(yùn)用中的考查比重越來越大，需要考生提高語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力。例句如：Best of all, we don?t have any homework.最好的是我們沒有什么家庭作業(yè)了。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用詞形設(shè)置的形近干擾。例句：I did it for the best.我是出于好意這么做的。All in all it has been a great success.總的來說，那是個(gè)巨大的成功。10.［A］ ashore在岸上

［B］ around周圍 ［C］ about到處

［D］ aboard在（船、車飛機(jī)）上 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+副詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“當(dāng)‘五月花號’返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，沒有一名殖民者…”，顯然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章語義的銜接，為正確選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)不符合上下文，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］2○7○28句承接上文，總結(jié)指出殖民者生活狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，他們在殖民地定居下來?！?9句是過渡句，指出他們想要建立一個(gè)節(jié)日慶祝新的生活，由此引出○30句感恩節(jié)的來歷。［空格設(shè)置］aboard的含義和用法都比較簡單，但需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推斷。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用aboard的形近詞設(shè)置的干擾，由于都脫離了上下文，不難排除。

三、全文翻譯

1620年，一艘被命名為“五月花號”的小帆船離開倫敦駛往新大陸?！拔逶禄ㄌ枴毕蛭挥诟ゼ醽喼轀嘏０兜恼材匪诡D殖民地行進(jìn)。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個(gè)地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂風(fēng)和兇猛的暴風(fēng)雨，“五月花號”迷失了航向。1620年12月份，這一群勇敢的殖民者最終不得不在位于馬薩諸塞州巖石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陸。當(dāng)時(shí)正是北方嚴(yán)冬時(shí)期，他們將面對的是充滿了饑餓、疾病和死亡的極其可怕的幾個(gè)月。朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人活過了那個(gè)冬天。許多婦女把她們少得可憐的口糧留給了自己的孩子，自己卻死于饑餓。生活條件在1621年的春天開始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚和野禽。因此，盡管缺乏狩獵、捕魚的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們也能夠獲得足夠的新鮮肉類。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。在秋天，他們回顧了過去的一年，既遺憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下來，人類生命的代價(jià)和和悲劇是如此巨大。另一方面，他們看到了未來的新希望。在他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收，他們充滿自信地為第二個(gè)冬天的到來做好了準(zhǔn)備。他們有十一所用于抵御嚴(yán)冬的簡陋房屋，其中的七所為家庭所有，四所作為公用。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長的監(jiān)管下，他們在夏天與其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。林地和森林變安全了。那年夏天，當(dāng)“五月花號”返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，船上沒有一名殖民者。在他們定居新家的第一年年底，這些朝圣者想以一個(gè)真正的節(jié)日來慶祝，這便是他們的第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I?m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It?s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I?m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I?m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That?s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I?d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don?t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one?s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、詞匯

1．make no difference沒有...作用或影響

2．specific a.明確的 3．suppose v.假設(shè),以為,認(rèn)為

4．a(chǎn)t random隨便地，任意地 5．happen to(do sth)碰巧（做某事）

6．skim v.略讀 7．react to對...做出反應(yīng)

8．take in接受，理解

二、長難句

1.It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.該句的主干為It doesn?t come as a surprise to you，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to realize that …，that引導(dǎo)的從句做realize的賓語。賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的what you read or study。

翻譯：如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。文章段落分散，語言平實(shí)易懂，總體可以分為三個(gè)部分。

第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。

第二部分為第二至五段，敘述幫助記憶的方法之一：有目的或有原因的閱讀。以購物過程和閱讀過程做類比說明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進(jìn)行良好記憶。第三部分為第六至八段，論述閱讀的過程——理解內(nèi)容和批判性地思考評估內(nèi)容，而后者又包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評判信息來源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。

四、試題具體分析

11.If you cannot remember what yo

11.如果你不能記住所閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的內(nèi)容，________。[A] 這毫不出奇

[B] 這意味著你沒有真正學(xué)到任何東西 [C] 這意味著你沒有選對閱讀的書籍

[D] 你意識到這無所謂 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]和[D]選項(xiàng)偷換概念，第一段指出，如果不能記住所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，那么所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容無關(guān)緊要，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇，而非“不能記住所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容”不出奇或無關(guān)緊要。[C]選項(xiàng)無干干擾，從文中無從推知。

12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book

12.在你開始閱讀之前，有必要________。

[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來 [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第二段提出一種幫助記憶的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的閱讀，換句話說，就是在閱讀前確定閱讀的目的或原因。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，它們是閱讀和記憶過程中的步驟，而非閱讀前的步驟。[D]選項(xiàng)無中生有。

13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences

13.閱讀行為包括________。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過程

[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評估內(nèi)容

[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，它包括至少兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的重要過程。③④句列出這兩個(gè)過程：迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容和以自己的思維表述對所讀內(nèi)容的反應(yīng)。[B]選項(xiàng)是對這兩個(gè)過程的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第六段首句指出閱讀行為至少包括（at least）兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過程，而非僅僅（only）這兩個(gè)過程。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過程。一般而言，帶有絕對意味的限定性詞語的選項(xiàng)（如only和merely）都不是正確項(xiàng)。

14.A good reader is one 14.一位好讀者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關(guān)知識聯(lián)系the subject matter 起來

[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在閱讀過程中進(jìn)行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 對閱讀采取批判性的態(tài)度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能夠?qū)⑺x到的事實(shí)與已知事實(shí)核對

has already known 【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明確指出，一位好讀者就是一位批判性的讀者。[C]選項(xiàng)是這句話的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。

[A]、[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第七、八段論述批判性閱讀，指出思考閱讀內(nèi)容的過程包括評估內(nèi)容、將所讀內(nèi)容與已知內(nèi)容進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、根據(jù)自己的目的進(jìn)行應(yīng)用；而批判性閱讀則包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評判內(nèi)容來源、進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。[A]選項(xiàng)是思考過程中的一點(diǎn)；[B]選項(xiàng)僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項(xiàng)也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點(diǎn)，因此其他三項(xiàng)都不完整。

五、全文翻譯

如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。這樣不過是浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間罷了。不過，或許你早已發(fā)現(xiàn)一些聰明的方法來避免遺忘。一種幫助你記住所學(xué)內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。如果你清楚你為何而閱讀，那么你對所閱讀的內(nèi)容就會(huì)記得更牢靠些。當(dāng)你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助（“不，謝謝，我只是看看”）時(shí)，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開了呢？這是因?yàn)槟愫退贾溃绻悴淮_定自己要什么，你也不大可能會(huì)有所收獲。然而，假設(shè)你的回答是“是的，謝謝，我想買一副太陽鏡?！彼龝?huì)回答，“好的，請這邊走。”然后你和她就向“目的地”走去——都迫切地去尋找你想要的東西。這與你的學(xué)習(xí)過程非常相似。如果你隨機(jī)選擇了一本書，“只是看看”而不是尋找具體東西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一無所獲。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書，那么你幾乎肯定會(huì)獲得你所想要的東西。你的緣由可能大不相同：閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)是為了“找出更多信息”、“為了理解原因”和“為了找出方法”。一個(gè)好學(xué)生對于他所做的事情總有一個(gè)明確的目的或原因。

這就是奏效的方法。在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·貝尼特為什么這樣描寫美國。我讀這篇文章就是要找出原因?！被蛘摺拔乙ㄗx這篇文章，看看中世紀(jì)英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的?！庇捎谀阒篱喿x或?qū)W習(xí)的原因，你就可以將這些信息與你的目的緊密聯(lián)系，并更好地記住它。

閱讀并不是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，期間至少兩個(gè)重要過程同時(shí)發(fā)生。在閱讀時(shí)，你能夠迅速而又準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容，同時(shí)在對所讀內(nèi)容予以反應(yīng)時(shí)也在表述自己的思想。你與作者進(jìn)行一種精神對話。如果你口頭表述你的想法的話，它們很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是這樣?！被蚴恰班拧?，我以為這項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄早就被打破了。我最好還是再查查日期?！被蚴恰暗沁€要考慮一些其他的事實(shí)！”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要。

對所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過程包括評估這些內(nèi)容、將其與已知信息相聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)自身目的來進(jìn)行應(yīng)用。換句話說，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者。正如你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，批判性閱讀的一部分就是區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)。事實(shí)可以通過證據(jù)來確認(rèn)，而觀點(diǎn)只是個(gè)人反應(yīng)。批判性閱讀的還包括評判來源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、詞匯

1．extent n.范圍，程度

2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊

3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity n.強(qiáng)度，強(qiáng)烈

6．duration n.持續(xù) 7．frequency n.頻繁,頻率

8．hazard n.危險(xiǎn),危害 9．decibel n.分貝

10．measure n.量度 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于

12．intermittent a.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance n.警戒

14．detect v.檢測，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear n.后面,背后

二、長難句

1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.該句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise，主語stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語；謂語部分有介詞短語at another time做時(shí)間狀語。句末分詞depending on …做條件狀語。

翻譯：因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時(shí)候的刺激在另外一些時(shí)候就是噪音。

2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.該句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss，介詞短語above about 85 decibels做后置定語，修飾主語名詞sounds。插入語部分為if條件句，做條件狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。翻譯：如果呆在超過85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時(shí)間足夠長，將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽力喪失。

3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.該句的主干為Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and連接的并列名詞結(jié)構(gòu)做介詞賓語。第一個(gè)名詞frequencies后接有to which引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語；第二個(gè)為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

翻譯：實(shí)際的聽力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).該句為主從復(fù)合句。主句為Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks，have effects on sth意為“對……有影響”。if引導(dǎo)條件從句，其主干為one is performing a watch keeping task，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a watch keeping task。該定語從句的主干為that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance，in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞vigilance。

翻譯：在某些任務(wù)的工作過程中，噪聲會(huì)造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測某種弱信號（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，句子主干為you may have noticed that …and that …，其賓語由and連接的兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句構(gòu)成。

翻譯：如果你坐在噴氣式飛機(jī)的后部，首先你會(huì)注意到進(jìn)行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來抵消噪音的影響。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討噪音對人類及其行為的有害影響。文章主題明確，層次清晰，總體結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，可以分為兩個(gè)部分。第一部分為總（第一段）：提出噪音現(xiàn)象，給出噪音定義，并指出人們開始關(guān)注噪音對人類行為的影響。

第二部分為分（第二、三和四段）：論述噪音對人類及其行為的有害影響。第二段指出噪音會(huì)造成人類聽力的部分或完全喪失。第三段指出噪音會(huì)對某些工作執(zhí)行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音會(huì)對人際交流造成不良影響。

四、試題具體分析

15.Noise differs from sound15．噪音與聲音的不同之處在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干擾人們工作的聲音

[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一種特別類型的大音量的聲音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常難以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定義可以比聲音的定義更加準(zhǔn)確

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

眾所周知，噪音是聲音的一種。文章首段給出了噪音的兩種定義，一種是人們的通俗定義，噪音是人們不想聽到的聲音；另一種是較為準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)定義，噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無關(guān)的聲音，即干擾人們工作的聲音。[A]選項(xiàng)是第二種定義的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。

[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特點(diǎn)之一，但并非噪音的唯一特點(diǎn)。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語large city、define和precisely捏造無關(guān)干擾。

16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音對人類工作的有害影響之一是________。[A] it reduces one?s sensitivity [A] 降低人們的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到無助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剝奪人們享受音樂的快樂 [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹沒人們在工作地點(diǎn)的對話

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第二、三和四段論述噪音對人類的有害影響。第三段指出噪音會(huì)干擾某些任務(wù)的執(zhí)行，該段以一項(xiàng)需要高度警惕的觀察工作（如監(jiān)測雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）為例暗示噪音會(huì)分散觀察者的注意力，即降低人們的敏感性，[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)從文中無從推知。[D]選項(xiàng)利用第四段“噪音對人際交流產(chǎn)生不良影響”進(jìn)行干擾，但文中指出人們會(huì)根據(jù)噪音音量來提高自己說話的音量，而不是對話完全被噪音淹沒。

17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound

17.這篇文章的目的是________。[A] 確定噪音對人類行為的影響 [B] 警告人們噪音污染的危險(xiǎn) [C] 提供如何避免聽力喪失的建議 [D] 敘述噪音與聲音之間的差異

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：文章主旨題。

這篇文章采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)探討噪音對人類及其行為的影響。第一段為總，提出噪音現(xiàn)象以及人們對噪音對人類行為的影響的關(guān)注。第二、三和四段為分，論述噪音對人類行為的具體影響，包括造成人類聽力部分或完全喪失、影響工作任務(wù)的執(zhí)行、阻礙人際交流。[A]選項(xiàng)是文章內(nèi)容的總體概括，為正確項(xiàng)。

[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，[B]僅能概括文章第二段部分內(nèi)容，即噪音會(huì)造成聽力喪失（噪音污染的危險(xiǎn)之一）；[D]僅提及第一段噪音定義的部分內(nèi)容，兩者都不能完全概括全篇內(nèi)容。[C]選項(xiàng)無中生有，文章第二段提及噪音會(huì)造成聽力喪失，但作者并未就此提出任何建議。

五、全文翻譯

如果你居住在一個(gè)大城市，對噪音問題就再熟悉不過了，然而，因?yàn)殛P(guān)注它的一些有害影響，你可能沒有意識到它對人們行為舉止的影響程度。雖然每個(gè)人都或多或少知道噪音是什么（即人們不想聽到的聲音），但是最好是從科學(xué)目的角度來為其更準(zhǔn)確地下定義。其中的一種定義是：噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無關(guān)的聲音。因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時(shí)候的刺激在另外一些時(shí)候就是噪音。最近幾年，人們對噪音對人類行為的影響產(chǎn)生極大興趣，諸如“噪音污染”的概念也隨之出現(xiàn)，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的還有減少噪音的種種行動(dòng)。置身于嘈雜環(huán)境無疑能造成聽力的部分或完全喪失，這要看噪聲的強(qiáng)度、持續(xù)時(shí)間和頻率構(gòu)成。目前許多工作都存在噪音危害，如工作在工廠中或噴氣機(jī)的周圍、駕駛農(nóng)場拖拉機(jī)、在演奏搖滾樂的音樂廳中工作（或僅僅身處其中）。一般來說，持續(xù)呆在超過80分貝（判斷聲音大小的度量）的噪音環(huán)境中被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)的。分貝的大小和各種聲音的大小一致。如果呆在超過85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時(shí)間足夠長，將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽力喪失。實(shí)際的聽力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

在某些任務(wù)的工作過程中，噪聲會(huì)造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測某種弱信號（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。噪音對人際交流也會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響。如果你坐在噴氣式飛機(jī)的后部，首先你會(huì)注意到進(jìn)行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來抵消噪音的影響。噪音就是問題的根源。

Text 3 ①The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.②It is said that it is a woman?s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.③Thus a woman?s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years.④Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.⑤Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.①It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home.②That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.③Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.④Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.⑤Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.⑥The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.①Apart from women?s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered.②Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work.③There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women.④It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.⑤The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful.⑥Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married.⑦While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.一、詞匯

1．maintain v.維持,保養(yǎng)

2．compulsory a.義務(wù)的 3．cease v.停止

4．drudgery n.苦差事,苦工 5．laundry n.要洗的衣服，洗衣

6．fiber n.纖維

二、長難句

1.The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.該句主干為The traditional belief …can hardly be reasonably maintained，主語名詞belief后接有兩個(gè)that連接的從句做同位語。

翻譯：傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今情況。2.Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.該句主干為Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry，“名詞the latest models +分詞being entirely automatic and able to”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做結(jié)果狀語。翻譯：洗衣機(jī)承擔(dān)了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。

3.It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.該句主干為It is extremely wasteful to，it為形式主語，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為真正的主語。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中又有不定式結(jié)構(gòu)only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry and be lost forever…做結(jié)果狀語。

翻譯：社會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間與財(cái)力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護(hù)士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費(fèi)啊！

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章探討女性位置的歸屬。作者從傳統(tǒng)觀念切入，從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責(zé)、承擔(dān)家庭事務(wù)和參與社會(huì)工作三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析，指出女性除了照顧家庭之外還應(yīng)該在社會(huì)上工作，即女性不單屬于家庭，也屬于社會(huì)。

第一段開門見山，提出主題：女性的歸屬。傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭，天職是照顧孩子。隨后作者從職責(zé)角度分析女性歸屬不再僅限于家庭，原因在于：一是家庭規(guī)模變小，二是女性生育期限減小，三是女性教育孩子時(shí)間縮短。

第二段從家庭角度進(jìn)行分析：現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（家用電器、冷凍食品、人造纖維、成裝等）的發(fā)展大大減輕女性在家庭中的負(fù)擔(dān)與勞動(dòng)量。第三段從社會(huì)角度進(jìn)行分析：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的良好運(yùn)行需要女性的貢獻(xiàn)。以護(hù)士與教師兩大職業(yè)以及工業(yè)和貿(mào)易中女性的重要性為例指出女性對社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺。

四、試題具體分析

18.The author holds that ________.18．作者認(rèn)為________。[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is [A] 不論已婚與否，所有女性的正確位置都屬于the home, not elsewhere 家庭而非其他地方 [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family

[B] 所有已婚女性都應(yīng)該在家庭之外有一份職

業(yè)

[C] 已婚女性應(yīng)當(dāng)以母親的責(zé)任為重 [D] 沒有接受教育的已婚女性應(yīng)當(dāng)留在家中照

顧家庭

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。

文章第一段首句指出傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而不應(yīng)外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今社會(huì)。隨后作者從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責(zé)、承擔(dān)家庭事務(wù)和參與社會(huì)工作三個(gè)角度展開分析論述，說明女性的歸屬不再僅限于家庭，她們應(yīng)當(dāng)外出工作，為社會(huì)做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)，而社會(huì)也需要她們的貢獻(xiàn)。[B]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]、[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，這三者都是傳統(tǒng)觀念，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。

19.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family [B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances

19．以家庭為重的女性________。[A] 把她的整個(gè)生活都奉獻(xiàn)給家庭 [B] 把自己與其家庭的幸福放在首位 [C] 還需要社會(huì)支付費(fèi)用來接受特殊培訓(xùn)以實(shí)

現(xiàn)其作為家庭主婦的責(zé)任 [D] 應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備 【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“house-proud woman”定位到文章第二段。第二段①句指出有些人認(rèn)為以家庭為重的女性在家中總有很多事情可做。但接下來作者指出，現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（洗衣機(jī)、電冰箱、罐裝的冷凍食品、簡便購物、人造纖維和成裝）的發(fā)展大大減輕了女性在家庭中的勞動(dòng)量，而女性應(yīng)該充分利用這些條件，[D]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]選項(xiàng)常識干擾，這屬于傳統(tǒng)觀念，并非文章中作者所論述的觀點(diǎn)。[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語women’s own happiness、training at public expense和help her in duties as a mother進(jìn)行干擾，[B]選項(xiàng)從文中無從推知，[C]選項(xiàng)是作者反對的觀念，作者認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)當(dāng)利用自己所接受的培訓(xùn)為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)，而非僅為實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭角色。

20.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation [B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women [D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade

20．作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)________。[A] 即使沒有女性參與其中也能很好地運(yùn)行 [B] 由于缺乏女性護(hù)士與教師而大大阻礙了

其發(fā)展

[C] 沒有女性的貢獻(xiàn)而無法良好運(yùn)行 [D] 將繼續(xù)受到重工業(yè)與國際貿(mào)易中女性工

作人員短缺的嚴(yán)重影響

【分析】本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。第三段②句明確指出，如果沒有女性在各個(gè)職業(yè)領(lǐng)域所做出的貢獻(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)將無法良好運(yùn)行，[C]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第三段僅是利用護(hù)士與教師兩大職業(yè)中女性的重要性說明女性對于社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺。[D]選項(xiàng)過度引申，首先文中提到的是工業(yè)與貿(mào)易兩大領(lǐng)域，并未具體到重工業(yè)與國際貿(mào)易；其次最后一段末句所提出的是一種假設(shè)的現(xiàn)象，而并非事實(shí)。

五、全文翻譯

傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今情況。人們認(rèn)為照顧孩子是女性的天職，但是如今的家庭規(guī)模變小，孩子之間的年齡僅相差一兩歲，這樣女性生育孩子的整個(gè)期限也不過五年。此外，由于孩子在五六歲時(shí)開始接受義務(wù)教育，女性作為其子女主要教育者的角色也隨之終止。因此，即使我們都贊同女性在孩子入學(xué)之前應(yīng)當(dāng)留在家中照顧他們，這段時(shí)間最長也不過十年。

有人可以辯解說，以家庭為重的女性在家庭中總有很多事情要做。這或許是事實(shí)，但是很顯然，女性沒必要花一輩子時(shí)間來做飯、打掃和縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)。洗衣機(jī)承擔(dān)了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。電冰箱可以長時(shí)間存儲食物，并且現(xiàn)在很多冷凍食物都是罐裝，方便獲取。購物已經(jīng)不是每日必做的事情，你可以在一天之內(nèi)完成一周的采購。新型的人造纖維比自然纖維更耐穿，這大大減少了縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)的需要，而成裝既價(jià)格便宜又貨源充足。除了女性本身的幸福之外，社會(huì)的需要也必須納入考慮之中。如果沒有女性在職業(yè)領(lǐng)域和其他各種工作中的貢獻(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)無法良好運(yùn)行。護(hù)士與教師領(lǐng)域人才短缺，而這只是兩種女性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)。社會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間與財(cái)力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護(hù)士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費(fèi)??！確實(shí)，這種培訓(xùn)會(huì)幫助她們做一個(gè)更好的媽媽，但是如果她們繼續(xù)工作，她們的服務(wù)將為社會(huì)帶來更多的利益。很多工廠與商店的工作人員也是女性，大多數(shù)都是已婚者。盡管培訓(xùn)在這種情況下不是主要問題，但是如果已婚女性不再工作的話，工業(yè)和貿(mào)易就會(huì)遭遇人員短缺的窘境。

Section III English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)

Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firm?s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.The company was pleased:(21)Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.(22)Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women.The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven?t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new.For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education.But today no job seems off-limits.Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.(23)These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do--but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women?s fields”? All kinds.(24)“I don?t know of any definite answers I?d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.(25)“I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.I wasn?t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(26)In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.But similarities often end there.Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue.Most men don?t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers.Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.(27)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont.“Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say ?A nurse,? they laugh at me.I just smile and say, ?You know, there are female doctors, too.?”

Still, there are encouraging signs.Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(28)Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women — or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It?s probably coming--but not very soon.一、試題結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文第一至三段指出男性正在從事越來越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔(dān)的工作，而且這些變化影響著長期存在的有關(guān)男性和女性工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念。第四至六段分析指出男性從事女性工作的動(dòng)機(jī)和其他找工作的動(dòng)機(jī)一樣：出于個(gè)人的興趣或經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。第七、八段指出問題仍然存在：從事傳統(tǒng)女性工作的男性仍然很少，而且會(huì)惹人笑話。第九段以小學(xué)教師和男護(hù)士人數(shù)增加為例說明仍然有令人鼓舞的跡象，并展望未來從事傳統(tǒng)女性職業(yè)的男性會(huì)和女性一樣多。

二、試題具體解析

21.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：定語從句?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為this was a person，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾person。副詞clearly為插入語，用來表示說話者對句子所表達(dá)的意思的態(tài)度?！驹~義確定】take pride in意為“以...為豪”。considerable意為“相當(dāng)?shù)?可觀的”。【翻譯】顯然，他是個(gè)對自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。22.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：方式狀語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句為主從復(fù)合句，句首為Just as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句?！驹~義確定】necessarily意為“必然，必定”。automatically意為“自動(dòng)地”?！痉g】正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。

23.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：并列分句，定語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】 該句由but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。前一分句的主干為These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions，名詞短語the types of work后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句(that)men and women can do。后一分句的主干為they also produce some undeniable problems for the men，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞men?！驹~義確定】long-standing意為“長期存在的”。undeniable意為“不可否認(rèn)的”。【翻譯】這些變化正影響著長期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來說，無疑也帶來一些問題。24.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：定語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為I don?t know of any definite answers，名詞answers后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句(that)I?d be comfortable with?！驹~義確定】know of意為“知道，聽說”。

【翻譯】我還沒聽說過有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案。25.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：賓語從句，時(shí)間狀語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句是主從復(fù)合句，賓語從句由直接引語構(gòu)成。該從句是and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句：I found that work very interesting and it just seemed natural for me to …。第二個(gè)分句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

【詞義確定】out of the service意為“退職（役）”。go into意為“從事”。

【翻譯】他回憶說：“我覺得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時(shí)，對我來說，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。

26.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：介詞短語表原因，定語從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句主干為men enter “female” jobs，介詞短語out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity …做狀語，表示“出于……的原因”。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞短語personal interest and economic necessity?！驹~義確定】necessity意為“需要，必需品，必然”。motivate意為“激發(fā)，給予動(dòng)機(jī)”?！痉g】換句話說，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個(gè)人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。27.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：并列分句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主語和表語都是不定式構(gòu)成。【詞義確定】line of work意為“職業(yè)”。invite意為“招致（尤指壞事）”。ridicule意為“嘲笑，愚弄”。

【翻譯】選定這一類工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。28.本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：并列分句?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為Can we anticipate a day，兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞a day，具體說明什么樣的一天?！驹~義確定】mix意為“混合”。raise eyebrows意為“揚(yáng)起眉毛；懷疑、吃驚的表情”?！痉g】我們是否能預(yù)見到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)，人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚？

三、全文翻譯

坐在一家紐約公司前臺后面的接待員非常有效率。

這家公司穿著入時(shí)的新職員接電話時(shí)有著悅耳的聲音和自然的魅力，這使客戶感到自在。公司非常滿意：（21）顯然，他是個(gè)對自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。接待員大衛(wèi)·金不同尋常，但絕非獨(dú)特。（22）正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。在以女性為主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域男性的數(shù)量仍然很少，他們也沒有像進(jìn)入以男性為主的領(lǐng)域的女性那樣常常得到關(guān)注。但是男性正在從事越來越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔(dān)的工作。

嚴(yán)格來講，這不是新現(xiàn)象。過去幾十年中，男性已經(jīng)悄悄地進(jìn)入護(hù)理、社會(huì)工作和基礎(chǔ)教育等領(lǐng)域。但是，如今沒有什么工作似乎是超出范圍的。男性也在辦公室準(zhǔn)備咖啡、在飛機(jī)上準(zhǔn)備食物。（23）這些變化正影響著長期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來說，無疑也帶來一些問題。什么樣的男性冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入這些所謂的“女性領(lǐng)域”呢？各種各樣的男性。（24）“我還沒聽說過有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案”，威爾斯利大學(xué)女性研究中心的約瑟芬·普萊克博士解釋說。

比如，在一家波士頓醫(yī)院工作的30歲護(hù)士薩姆·沃蒙特從事護(hù)理工作，因?yàn)檐婈?duì)曾訓(xùn)練他成為醫(yī)務(wù)工作者。（25）他回憶說：“我覺得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時(shí)，對我來說，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。我對于成為醫(yī)生并不真的感興趣?！比鍤q的大衛(wèi)·金是一位失業(yè)的演員，他找了一份接待員的工作，因?yàn)樗茈y在百老匯得到合適的角色，卻需要支付房租。

（26）換句話說，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個(gè)人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。但是相似性也僅此而已。承擔(dān)女性主導(dǎo)的工作的男性是很明顯的。他們這個(gè)群體的工作歷史在大部分方面與其女性同事不同。他們經(jīng)常從那些在職業(yè)上有接觸的人那里得到不同的待遇。問題自然產(chǎn)生了：為什么仍然有99個(gè)女秘書，而只有1個(gè)男秘書？還有一個(gè)更嚴(yán)重的問題。大部分男性不想成為接待員、護(hù)士、秘書或縫紉工。簡單的說，這些工作通常不被認(rèn)為是男性化的工作。（27）選定這一類工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。

沃蒙特回憶說：“最初只是開玩笑。從學(xué)校來的孩子們問我是誰，當(dāng)我說“是護(hù)士”，他們都嘲笑我。我只是笑著說“知道嗎，也有女醫(yī)生”。但是仍然令人鼓舞的跡象。多年前，小學(xué)教師和男護(hù)士一樣稀有。如今，六個(gè)小學(xué)老師中至少有一個(gè)是男性。（28）我們是否能預(yù)見到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)，人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚?