第一篇:英語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)用法
第一部分:規(guī)則變化
情況 構(gòu)成法 讀音 例詞
一般情況(包括以e結(jié)尾的名詞)加-s-s在清輔音[p][t][k] [f]后讀[s]
在濁輔音和元音后讀[z]
在輔音[s][z][d ?]后讀[iz]
口訣:清清濁濁元濁
Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces
以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾 加-es 在[s][z][?][t?]后讀[iz] Classes, boxes, watches, brushes
以輔音+y結(jié)尾 變y為i,加es 讀[z] Cities, countries, studies
以元音+y結(jié)尾 加-s 讀[z] Boys, rays, days
有人還把以下兩個(gè)加入了名詞有規(guī)則變復(fù)數(shù)的行列。
情況 構(gòu)成法 讀音 例詞
以o 結(jié)尾 加-es 讀[z] Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes
加-s 讀[z] Bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos
以f, fe結(jié)尾
變f, fe為v,再加-es 讀[vz] Leaf-leaves
Life-lives
Wife-wives
加-s 讀[s] Roofs, proofs, chiefs
第二部分:不規(guī)則變化
我們經(jīng)常會(huì)看到有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)并沒(méi)有遵循上述規(guī)則。這就是名詞的不規(guī)則變化。我們經(jīng)??匆?jiàn)的有man-men,woman-women,child-children等等。還有一些名詞,單復(fù)數(shù)是同一個(gè)形式的。不過(guò),我們還是可以通過(guò)一些比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些奧妙。以下我將為大家講講名詞的不規(guī)則變化。(下面內(nèi)容,可以量力而行。有的可能很難,需要以后慢慢消化吸收)
一、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來(lái)詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
二、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。
例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
三、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
四、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
五、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。
讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。
例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
六、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。
讀音變化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
七、極少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化:沒(méi)有規(guī)律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen 八、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞: 例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren 九、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→data數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號(hào);phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii 半徑
tooth→teeth;woman→women
十、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的
例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鮭魚(yú);trout 鱒魚(yú) 十一、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞
例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通
十二、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多
例:bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀
trousers長(zhǎng)褲;wages工資
十三、compound nouns,這類(lèi)復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來(lái)表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十四、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞
例:pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
十五、另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚(yú)
十六、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters | 我們經(jīng)常看見(jiàn)的有man-men,woman-women,child-children等等。還有一些名詞,單復(fù)數(shù)是同一個(gè)形式的。不過(guò),我們還是可以通過(guò)一些比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些奧妙。以下我將為大家講講名詞的不規(guī)則變化。(下面內(nèi)容,可以量力而行。有的可能很難,需要以后慢慢消化吸收)
一、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來(lái)詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
二、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。
例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
三、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
四、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。
讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
五、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。
例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
六、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
七、極少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。
讀音變化:沒(méi)有規(guī)律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen 八、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞:
例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren 九、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→data數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men
mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號(hào);phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii 半徑
tooth→teeth;woman→women
十、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的
例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鮭魚(yú);trout 鱒魚(yú) 十一、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞
例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通
十二、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多
例:bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀
trousers長(zhǎng)褲;wages工資
十三、compound nouns,這類(lèi)復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來(lái)表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十四、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞
例:pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
十五、另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚(yú)
十六、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),一般把f或fe變成v, 再加-es。knife→knives leaf→leaves wife→wives life→lives shelf→shelves thief→thieves wolf→wolves half→halves dwarf→dwarves 以下以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加-s。
roofs 屋頂 chiefs 首長(zhǎng) proofs 證據(jù) cliffs 懸崖 safes 保險(xiǎn)箱 gulfs 海灣 beliefs 信念 serfs 農(nóng)奴 briefs 摘要 griefs 悲痛
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下: 規(guī)則 例詞 1 2 一般情況在詞尾加-s
map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-變-f和-fe為v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞
thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)S忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞 一般加-es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外來(lái)詞加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
兩者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, volcanos 7 以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s zoo-zoos 8 以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s path-paths, 2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, 英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下: 規(guī)則 1 例詞
改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 單復(fù)數(shù)相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,people, police, cattle, staff compasses, contents 4 一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù) 5 部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義 customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7 表示“某國(guó)人”
加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese Swedes, Europeans
單復(fù)數(shù)同形
以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-women
sons-in-law, lookers-on,grown-ups, Englishmen, Frenchwomen 合成名詞 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
housewives, stopwatches
將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) women singers, men servants
第二篇:名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的用法
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的用法
1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法
規(guī)則變化的復(fù)數(shù)名詞遵循以下原則:(1)在一般情況下,加詞尾-s:
desk→desks 書(shū)桌 tree→trees 樹(shù) face→faces 臉
(2)以 s, x, sh, ch 等結(jié)尾的名詞,通常加詞尾-es: bus→buses 公共汽車(chē) box→boxes 盒子 dish→dishes 盤(pán)子 peach →peaches桃子
(3)以y 結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成要分兩種情況:以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,將 y 改為 i+s;以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加詞尾-s:
city→cities 城市 boy→boys 男孩 key→keys 鑰匙 family→families
(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般詞尾-s,(除了四個(gè)單詞-es tomato(西紅柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄),Negro(黑人)。piano→pianos 鋼琴 tomato→tomatoes 西紅柿
(5)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,一般將 f / fe 改為 ves: knife→knives 小刀 thief→thieves 賊 life→lives 生命
【注】初中英語(yǔ)中這類(lèi)名詞主要的有wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(樹(shù)葉),thief(賊),half(一半),self(自己),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式均是將詞尾的f或fe改為ves。另外,也有的以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加詞尾-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)(如roof →roofs 屋頂),但這在初中英語(yǔ)中很少見(jiàn)。
2.單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞
初中英語(yǔ)中主要的有: sheep 綿羊 fish 魚(yú) deer 鹿 Chinese 中國(guó)人
Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 等
3.不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞
有的名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)則:
man→men 男人 woman→women 女人 child→children 小孩
tooth→teeth 牙齒 foot→feet 腳 mouse→mice 老鼠 goose→ geese鵝
【注】一些以 man, woman 結(jié)尾的合成詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)與 man, woman 的變化形式相同,如:
policeman→policemen 警察 Englishwoman→Englishwomen(女)英國(guó)人
另外,當(dāng)man和woman用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)時(shí),若其后被修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則man和woman也要用復(fù)數(shù):
man nurse→men nurses 男護(hù)士 woman doctor→women doctors 女醫(yī)生
第三篇:英語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
英語(yǔ)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)主要有以下規(guī)則:
一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。
讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀[s],結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。
輔音包括清輔音和濁輔音兩大類(lèi)。
發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不震動(dòng)、送氣的叫清輔音, 讀[s] /p/、/t/、/k/、/f/、/θ/、/s/、/W/、/t∫/、/ts/、/tr/,再加上/r/、/h/,合計(jì)12個(gè)。;
發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng)、不送氣的叫濁輔音, 讀[z]
/b/、/d/、/g/、/v/、/e/、/z/、/T/、/dv/、/dz/、/dr/再加 上/m/、/n/、/N/、/l/、/j/、/w/合計(jì)16個(gè)。
(有一些字母電腦打不出)
例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。
讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。
例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes box →boxes;watch →watches;actress →actresses;class →classes;coach(長(zhǎng)途車(chē))→coaches;dress →dresses;sandwich →sandwiches;toothbrush →toothbrushes;waitress(女侍者)→waitresses
三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。
讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:candy→candies;daisy(雛菊)→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories
strawberry →strawberries;baby →babies;puppy →puppies;library →libraries;dictionary →dictionaries;cherry →cherries;activity →activities
四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,如果不是外來(lái)詞或縮寫(xiě),就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。(有生命的加es,無(wú)生命的加s)
讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo(魚(yú)雷)→torpedoes;bingo(彩票式游戲)→bingoes
反例:silo(青貯塔)→silos;piano→pianos(外來(lái)詞);photo→photos;macro(宏指令,計(jì)機(jī)算語(yǔ)言)→macros(縮寫(xiě)詞)
五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。
讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。
例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff(員工)→staves;scarf(圍巾)→scarves
目前搜集的直接加s:roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf(海灣)-gulfs, serf(農(nóng)奴)-serfs,safe-safes,chief(負(fù)責(zé)人)-chiefs
這幾個(gè)可變可不變: scarf-scarfs,handkerchief-handkerchiefs
六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來(lái)詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。
讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。
例:fungus(真菌)→fungi;abacus(算盤(pán))→abaci;focus(焦點(diǎn))→foci;cactus(仙人掌)→cacti;cestus(拳擊用的牛皮手套)→cesti
七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。
讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。
例:axis(軸線(xiàn))→axes;basis→bases;naris(鼻孔)→nares;hypothesis(假設(shè))→hypotheses;restis(索狀體)→restes
八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。
讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。
例:matrix(矩陣)→matrices;directrix(準(zhǔn)線(xiàn))→directrices;calix(杯狀窩,盞)→calices;appendix(闌尾)→appendices 反例:affix(粘住,使固定)→affixes
九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。
讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum(論壇)→fora;stadium(體育場(chǎng))→stadia;aquarium(水族魚(yú)缸)→aquaria;datum(數(shù)據(jù))→data;vacuum(真空,空虛)→vacua
十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。
讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。
例:larva(昆蟲(chóng)的幼蟲(chóng))→larvae;formula(公式)→formulae;ala(翼)→alae;media(媒介)→mediae;hydra(九頭蛇,水螅)→hydrae
十一、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。
讀音變化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon(蛙、三文魚(yú)、大馬哈)→salmon cannon →cannon;trout →trout(鱒魚(yú))
十二、極少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。
讀音變化:沒(méi)有規(guī)律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen foot →feet;goose →geese;mouse →mice;tooth →teeth;datum →data數(shù)據(jù)十三、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞:
例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother(用于教堂)→brethren 十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→data數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;
formula公式→formulae/formulas;goose→geese;louse虱子→lice;man→men
mouse→mice;
medium→media/mediums
備
媒忘
介錄
;;emorandum→memoranda/memorandumsparenthesis→parentheses 圓括號(hào);phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii 半徑 tooth→teeth;woman→women
十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的例:deer;fish;cannon(大炮);sheep;salmon 鮭魚(yú);trout 鱒魚(yú)十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞
例:absence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通
十七、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多
例:bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀 trousers長(zhǎng)褲;wages工資
十八、compound nouns,這類(lèi)復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來(lái)表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law
媳
婦
;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servants 女仆tep-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿
十九、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞
例:pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
二十、另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚(yú)
二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters
二十二、合成詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
1)以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:homework, newspaper等。
2)以man或woman為前綴的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),前后兩個(gè)名詞都變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如:woman doctor→women doctors, man waiter→men waiters.3)以“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語(yǔ))”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),把名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。例如:fath-erinlaw→fathersinlaw.
4)以“動(dòng)詞/過(guò)去分詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),在詞尾加s。例如:grownup→
grownups, standby→standbys.
二十三、集合名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化
有些名詞為單數(shù)形式,但做整體概念來(lái)看待,稱(chēng)為集合名詞或集體名詞,如:people police cattle,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。有些名詞為單數(shù)形式,做整體概念來(lái)看待時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中具體人或事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:class, family, audience, committee, army.【例句】
1)The class are doing experiments on heat and light in the lab.
2)A large class is like a big banquet, which requires a teacher to make full pr eparation and have good performance.集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō) a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說(shuō)a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱(chēng)時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。
第四篇:英語(yǔ)名詞復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題
名詞變復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題
一、請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
this _____________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich__________ paper_________ juice__________ water____________ milk___________ rice__________
二.寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I _____ him ______ this ______ her _____ watch ____
child_______ photo_______ diary_____ day_____ foot____ book______ dress________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box______ strawberry _______ thief _____ yo-yo ________ peach______ sandwich _____ man______ woman______ paper______ juice_______ milk_____ rice_____ tea_____ people_______ CD______三.請(qǐng)把下列各詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式:1、hero 2、potato 3、match 4、boy5、city 6、kangaroo 7、radio 8、zoo9、photo 10、leaf 11、knife 12、scarf13、mouth 14、man 15、foot 16、tooth17、child 18、mouse 19、woman 20、Chinese21、sheep 22、fish 23、glass
四.給下列的名詞加上復(fù)數(shù)的形式:
Thriller_________ documentary ________ comedy________ action_________ movie ______ life_______ knife _______ fry________ leaf________ photo_______ radio ________piano_______ zoo________ tomato _______ potato______ bus_______ watch ________ box_______ book_______ map______
cat ______ film ________ door_______ month_______ horse______ picture_______ class______ boy_______ tooth_______
woman ________ eye_______ tooth _______ German________ Chinese______ man _______football________ child_______ classroom _______ monkey_______ tree________ egg_______ coat________ Frenchman_________
選擇填空1、They are________A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors2、There are ive____ in the hill.A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers3、Those white socks ____ small.A: are B: is C: am D: do4、We have many _____in our school.A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher5、Do you like _____?A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable6、How many _____do they have?A: picture B: pictures C: a picture7、There are six ____in the room.A:volleyball B: volleyballs C: a volleyball D: volleyballs8、Are these ____teachers?A: woman B: women C: womans9、It is ____.A: milk B: a milk C: an molk D: milks10、It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____.A: apple, egg B: cake,egg C: egg,orange D: egg,cake11、Tom and Jim are ___.A: friends B: friend C: brother D: sister12、Where are his ____? ___the dresser.A: keys , They are on B: key, They are on
C: keys, It is at D:key, It is in13、Are those your ____?A: bookes B: boxs C: apples D: apple
名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞,其中可數(shù)名詞具有單復(fù)數(shù)的形式;而不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下:1、一般情況下,直接加“s”,如:book—books、bag—bags、cat—cats、bed—beds2、以“s、x、sh、ch”結(jié)尾,加“es”,如:bus—buses、box—boxes、watch—watches3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加“es”,如:family—families、strawberry—strawberries4、以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加“es”,如:knife—knives5、以o結(jié)尾,有生命的加“es”, 無(wú)生命的加“s”.如:potato—potatoes、zoo—zoos6、不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish
sheep-sheep people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
當(dāng)people后加上“s”時(shí)即peoples表示“民族”例如:There are peoples in China.以下詞為常為不可數(shù)名詞,他們的復(fù)數(shù)形式就是他們本身。water milk tea rice orange juice bread不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量關(guān)系可借助量詞表示,如a cup of tea、two cups of tea
名詞復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題選擇填空1.They come from different ______A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes and pencil-boxes B.knives and pencils-boxC.knives and pencil-box D.knives and pencils-boxes4.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs5._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato
6.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys7.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs and wolfs B.Foxes and wolfs C.Foxes and wolves.8.What do you want to drink much ?A.a milk B.milk C.milks.9.This is—— room.It’s very big.A.Lily and Lucy’s B.Lily’s and Lucy’s C.Lily’s and Lucy
10.What do you want some for supper?A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos11.In autumn,you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
12.My sister has two.One is old,the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches
13.There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos14.That’a art book.A.an B.a C.the D are
15.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches將以下單復(fù)數(shù)句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換1、This is a knife.2、That is a tomato.3、That child is very good.4、These are mice.5、Those are children.單項(xiàng)選擇 1.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.boys C.boies3.A cat has four ____ , doesn’t it?A.foots B.feet C.feets4.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A.American,Japanese B.Americans,Japanese C.American, Japanese5.Can you see nine ____ in the picture?A.fish B.book C.horse6.The _____ has two______.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths9.I saw many _____ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
選擇填空 1.They come from different ______A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachersC.women teacher D.woman teacher4.Would you like _______ ,please?A.two glass of water B.two glasses of waterC.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, GermenC.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, travelingC.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs10.My uncle has three _______.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
第五篇:英語(yǔ)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.一些特殊詞的變化:
this-----these that-----those he/she/it----they is----are 2.一般性的可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)直接加“s”。
bird----birds pear----pears flower----flowers room-----rooms brother---brothers sister----sisters 3 不可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣。
milk----milk juice----juice bread----bread rice----rice water-----water honey----honey 4, 以元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加“es” tomato---tomatoes potato----potatoes 5, 有些成雙成對(duì)的單詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn).hands(手)eyes(眼睛)
gloves(手套)
shoots(靴子)
trousers(褲子)
ears(耳朵)tooth--teeth(牙齒)legs(腿)foots(腳)chopsticks(筷子)socks(襪子)等
6.以“y”結(jié)尾的名詞多變“y”為“i”再加“es”但“y”前是元音字母的不需作此變化.butterfly----butterflies family---families
但 boy---boys toy----toys monkey----monkeys key----keys
day----days 7, 單詞中含有名詞“man”的要變“man”中的“a”為“e”
postman----postmen fireman---firemen milkman----milkmen fisherman---fishermen man---men
woman---women policeman---policemen 等.8 以“ch ” “sh” “x” “s”結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加“es”
peach—peaches pencil-box---pencil-boxes class-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 10, 以 “f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要去掉“f”或“fe”再加“ves” leaf----leaves knife----knives
thief-thieves loaf-loaves
wife-wives 11 單詞本身以元音字母“e”結(jié)尾的直接加“s”
orange----oranges pie---pies cake---cakes bee---bees cle----uncles 13,以元音字母開(kāi)頭的名詞單數(shù)表達(dá)時(shí)前不是“a”而是"“an” an orange an egg an apple an elephont an ice--cream 3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞 變-f和-fe為v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s
un
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
規(guī)則 例詞
1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)
people, police, cattle, staff
5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義
customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)
7表示“某國(guó)人”加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanes