第一篇：華中科大考博英語

華中科技大學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)《英語》考試大綱 總則

本大綱的各項規(guī)定作為華中科技大學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語（第一外語）考試考題編寫參考以及質(zhì)量檢查的依據(jù)?？忌鷮ο?/p>

本大綱的考生對象是參加華中科技大學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)考試并把英語作為第一外語的全國考生。

考試時間及記分

本考試采取百分制記分，滿分為100分；考試時間為180分鐘。

一、考試目的

博士研究生入學(xué)英語考試是為了考察考生的實際英語應(yīng)用能力是否達到非英語專業(yè)研究生英語教學(xué)大綱中《碩士研究生英語教學(xué)與考試》規(guī)定的要求?？荚嚦煽冇糜诓┦垦芯可娜雽W(xué)選拔。

二、考試設(shè)計

本考試共分為四部分：完形填空（10％）、閱讀理解（40％）、英漢互譯（30％）和英語寫作（20％）。

1.完形填空（10％）

本部分測試考生的語言知識及綜合運用能力。測試內(nèi)容包括詞匯的認知能力、搭配知識的掌握，句法結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和篇章閱讀、分析能力。本部分給出一篇約200單詞的短文，文中留出10處空白，每空為一題，設(shè)4個備選答案。要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從中挑選一個最佳選項，使短文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。2.閱讀理解（40％）

本部分測試考生在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，即對閱讀材料的細節(jié)、事實、要點、作者觀點和態(tài)度的理解能力。題材包括社會、文化、史地、科普及人物傳記等內(nèi)容，體裁涉及敘事、議論、描述、說明和應(yīng)用文等。該部分給出4篇約500單詞的文章，每篇文章后面附5個問題，每個問題設(shè)四個備選答案。要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從每題選出一個最佳選項。3.英漢互譯（30％）

本部分測試考生的英漢互譯能力?？荚囆问綖榉g段落劃線部分，原文內(nèi)容涉及社會、文化、史地和科普知識。要求考生將200-250漢字長度的中文段落劃線部分準(zhǔn)確地翻譯成通順的英文，以及將相當(dāng)長度的英文段落劃線部分準(zhǔn)確翻譯成通順的中文。4.英語寫作（20％）

本部分測試考生的英語書面表達能力。要求考生根據(jù)給出的題目和提綱，或者根據(jù)情景或圖表自擬題目，用英語寫出一篇約200單詞的短文。要求作文切題、意義連貫、文字通順，并符合英文表達習(xí)慣。華中科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院 中國語言文學(xué)系

院系：中文系聯(lián)系電話：87557713

聯(lián)系人：陳燕玉 中國語言文學(xué)系簡稱中文系，其前身是1980年成立的中文教研室和語言研究所(首任所長為著名語言學(xué)家嚴(yán)學(xué)宭先生)，1985年正式建系。中文系現(xiàn)設(shè)有漢語言文學(xué)、漢語國際教育兩個本科專業(yè)，具有一級學(xué)科博士授予權(quán)和一級學(xué)科碩士授予權(quán)（含文藝學(xué)、語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)、漢語言文字學(xué)、中國古代文學(xué)、中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)、世界文學(xué)與比較文學(xué)等8個碩士點），并建有漢語國際教育專業(yè)碩士學(xué)位點?，F(xiàn)有教師35人，其中教授12人，副教授14人，余為講師與助教；教師中有博士學(xué)位者31人。教師里有1人次擔(dān)任全國中文專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會委員，1人次任漢語國際教育專業(yè)碩士學(xué)位教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會委員，2人次享受國務(wù)院特殊津貼，1人次為湖北省跨世紀(jì)學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人，12人次先后分別擔(dān)任了全國、省級相關(guān)學(xué)會的副會長、會長、常務(wù)理事、理事、秘書長、副秘書長等學(xué)術(shù)職務(wù)。三十年來，在學(xué)校的大力支持和全體教師的團結(jié)奮斗下，在學(xué)術(shù)研究和教書育人方面取得了較大成績，培養(yǎng)造就了一支具有相當(dāng)高的學(xué)術(shù)聲望、教學(xué)效果好、奉獻精神強的師資隊伍，形成了踏實與創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。語言學(xué)的研究在國內(nèi)已有相當(dāng)大的影響，尉遲治平教授的音韻學(xué)研究與計算語言學(xué)研究、李崇興教授的近代漢語研究、董為光教授的詞匯學(xué)研究、黃樹先教授的對比語言學(xué)研究、程邦雄教授的文字學(xué)研究、何洪峰教授的現(xiàn)代漢語語法研究，已經(jīng)得到同行的廣泛關(guān)注和認同；文學(xué)研究也呈現(xiàn)出良好的發(fā)展勢頭，王乾坤教授的魯迅研究、劉真?zhèn)惤淌诘墓糯墨I研究、何錫章教授的現(xiàn)代文學(xué)思潮與魯迅研究、李俊國教授的都市文學(xué)研究、王毅教授的新詩研究、蔣濟永教授的文學(xué)閱讀與批評研究、岳珍教授的詞學(xué)研究、劉久明教授的郁達夫與外國作家關(guān)系研究，在學(xué)術(shù)界皆產(chǎn)生了不同程度的影響，具有一定的學(xué)術(shù)地位。

自1987年開始招收本科生、1990年獲得第一個碩士點以來，已培養(yǎng)出各類學(xué)生千余人，其中本科生1500余人，碩士生700余人，博士生60余人。畢業(yè)生大都在黨政機關(guān)、各級新聞媒體和各類學(xué)校等單位工作，有數(shù)十人分別考取北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、北京師范大學(xué)、南京大學(xué)、浙江大學(xué)、武漢大學(xué)、華東師范大學(xué)、中山大學(xué)、中國社會科學(xué)院以及本校等單位的碩士、博士?，F(xiàn)在在校本科生400余人，碩士生130余人，博士生30余人。近年來，中文系教師先后承擔(dān)了國家社科基金重大項目和一般項目9項，教育部重點項目與規(guī)劃項目8項，其它省級科研課題10余項，8項成果獲省級社會科學(xué)優(yōu)秀成果獎；出版學(xué)術(shù)著作30多部，在國家級等重要學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表論文250余篇。

自建系以來，中文系就十分注重與海外學(xué)校、學(xué)術(shù)機關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)交流，近五年來，先后由10余人次到美國、日本、德國、韓國、俄羅斯、新加坡等國以及港、臺等地講學(xué)、進行學(xué)術(shù)交流，并與美國偉恩州立大學(xué)、韓國慶尚大學(xué)、安東大學(xué)、國立新加坡大學(xué)等建立了穩(wěn)定的系際交流與合作關(guān)系。

中文系現(xiàn)主辦有在海內(nèi)外影響甚大的學(xué)術(shù)季刊《語言研究》。系資料室藏書較豐富，有圖書7萬余冊并訂有大量國內(nèi)外主要學(xué)術(shù)期刊。

中國語言文學(xué)系博士招生指標(biāo)全部用于公開招考。

熱烈歡迎海內(nèi)外同仁到中文系工作，講學(xué)；衷心歡迎學(xué)生報考中文系的本科、碩士與博士。學(xué)科專業(yè)名稱及代碼、研究方向

招生 人數(shù)

考試科目

備注

401中國語言文學(xué)系

050101文藝學(xué)

①2305 文學(xué)原理與研究方法 ②1101 英語

1102 俄語

1103 日語

1104 德語

③3537 中西文論史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 選一)

01 文學(xué)闡釋學(xué)

02 藝術(shù)與文化傳播

03 藝術(shù)哲學(xué)

04 文學(xué)本體研究

050102語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)

①2275 語言學(xué)理論 ②1101 英語

1102 俄語

1103 日語

1104 德語 ③3503 漢語史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 選一)

01 比較語言學(xué)

02 語法理論

03 應(yīng)用語言學(xué)

050103漢語言文字學(xué)

①2275 語言學(xué)理論 ②1101 英語

1102 俄語

1103 日語

1104 德語 ③3503 漢語史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 選一)

01 文字學(xué)

02 漢語語法學(xué)

03 歷史語言學(xué)

04 國學(xué)/唐宋文學(xué)

050105中國古代文學(xué)

①2275 語言學(xué)理論 ②1101 英語

1102 俄語

1103 日語

1104 德語 ③3503 漢語史

(1101、1102、1103、1104 選一)

01 唐宋文學(xué)

050106中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)

①2305 文學(xué)原理與研究方法 ②1101 英語

1102 俄語

1103 日語

1104 德語

③3538 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)史論(1101、1102、1103、1104 選一)

01 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)語言研究

02 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)價值研究

03 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)與都市審美

04 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)文本類型與敘事研究

05 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代詩歌研究

06 中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)與文學(xué)批評

050108比較文學(xué)與世界文學(xué)

①2305 文學(xué)原理與研究方法 ②1101 英語

1102 俄語

1103 日語

1104 德語

③3550 外國文學(xué)專題

(1101、1102、1103、1104 選一)

01 歐美文學(xué)研究

02 中外文學(xué)比較研究

第二篇：2013人大考博英語

2013英語

20分單選20個 20分完型20個 20分閱讀20個

20分翻譯英譯漢漢譯英 20分寫作 寫作題目

Major study and English learning

不少于200字 必須包括以下內(nèi)容

1.major study is your future 2.English study is important 3.How to manage the time between them

另外，翻譯挺難，英譯漢是關(guān)于communication technology的，里面有一些專業(yè)詞匯。漢譯英更變態(tài)，是一個青州佛像的翻譯，比如青州佛像最令人難忘的是它的笑容，他細細的眉眼，兩腮若隱若現(xiàn)的笑容，仿佛蕩漾著愉悅等等…..

第三篇：山大考博英語大綱

一、考試目的

全面考查考生是否達到了從事高級研究所需要的英語語言綜合運用能力的要求。

二、考試性質(zhì)與范圍

屬于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照性考試?？荚嚪秶?、讀、寫、譯四個方面的能力。

三、考試形式

為了有效地考核考生綜合運用英語進行交際的能力，既兼顧考試的科學(xué)性、客觀性，又考慮到考試的可行性。采用多種試題形式，以保證考試的效度和信度。

四、考試內(nèi)容

共有六個部分：聽力理解、語法與詞匯、閱讀理解、語言運用、英譯漢、寫作。

Ⅰ.聽力理解(Listening Comprehension)(15 points)1.測試要求

(a)能聽懂真實交際場合中的各種英語會話和講話。

(b)能聽懂有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等方面的專題的英文報道。

(c)能聽懂有關(guān)文化、教育、科普方面的演講。

2.測試目的

測試考生獲取口頭信息的能力。

Ⅱ.語法與詞匯(Part Ⅱ: Grammar and Vocabulary)(15 points)1.測試要求

(a)掌握并能正確運用從事高級研究所需要的語法知識。

(b)認知15,000詞，并且能正確、熟練地運用其中的8,000個單詞及其最基本的搭配。

2.測試目的

測試考生掌握詞匯、短語及基本語法概念的熟練程度。

Ⅲ.閱讀理解(Part Ⅲ: Reading Comprehension)(30 points)1.測試要求:

(a)能理解所讀材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事實和細節(jié)。

(b)能理解字面意義和隱含意義。

(c)能根據(jù)所讀材料進行判斷和推理。

(d)能分析所讀材料的思想觀點、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點和修辭手法。

2.測試目的

閱讀理解部分測試考生通過閱讀獲取有關(guān)信息的能力，考核考生掌握相關(guān)閱讀策略和技巧的程度。既要求準(zhǔn)確性，也要求一定的速度。

Ⅳ.語言運用(Part Ⅳ: Use of Language)(10 points)1.測試要求

本部分提供一篇英語文章，其中有5個句子被刪除。這5個句子和另外2個與文章內(nèi)容不相關(guān)的句子一起作為選項附在文章末，要求考生將這5個被刪除的句子挑選出來，并填寫到適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>

2.測試目的

測試考生運用語言知識的能力。

Ⅴ.英譯漢(Part Ⅴ: English to Chinese Translation)(10 points)1.測試要求

能運用英譯漢的理論和技巧，翻譯報刊雜志上的文章和一般文學(xué)作品。譯文必須忠實原意，語言通順、流暢。

2.測試目的

測試考生的翻譯能力。

Ⅵ.寫作(Part Ⅵ: Writing)(20 points)1.測試要求

能根據(jù)所給題目及要求撰寫各類體裁的文章，文章長度約200個單詞；能做到內(nèi)容充實，層次分明，語言通順，用詞恰當(dāng)，表達得體。

2.測試目的

測試考生的寫作能力

第四篇：山大考博英語2014-2010

2014山大考博英語

2014-04-07 語法詞匯題比較難，30個單選題，一個0.5分，基本上是考查詞意的 完型題20個，一個0.5分，01年考研真題

閱讀理解4篇，每個題1.5分，30分，都是六級和考研原題（最近兩年閱讀沒出專八題）7選5，共10分，關(guān)于奧巴馬的

英譯漢五個，一個3分，長句子翻譯比較難，費得時間比較長 作文20分，關(guān)于children surfing the net

2013山大考博英語

Part I Grammar and Vocabulary

1.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that __________ the speakers stopped for deferments.A.at large B.at intervals C.at ease D.at random

2.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers’ checks, which provide a secure__________ to carrying your money in cash.A.substitute B.selection C.inference D.alternative

3.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.A.gracious B.suspicious C.unique D.particular

4.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________produces artificial cold surrounding it.A.absorption B.transition C.consumption D.interaction

5.Language, culture, and personality may be considered__________of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A.Indistinctly B.separately C.irrelevantly D.independently

6.Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th__________the birth of Jesus Christ.A.in accordance with B.in terms of C.in favor of D.in honor of

7.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must __________the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear

8.To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed __________and means of packing.A.specimens B.inspections C.samples D.specifications

9.Many of the conditions that __________population pressures---overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness---lead to dissatisfaction.A.bring forward B.give rise to C.feed up with D.result from

10.Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily__________for a month or a year as for a single day.A.put up B.stay up C.speed up D.make up

11.The fact that the earth’s surface heats__________provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.A.infrequently B.irregularly C.unsteadily D.uneverny

12.If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird __________a set of actions to protect its offspring.A.hastens B.releases C.devises D.initiates

13.How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be__________to tourist spending?

A.attributed B.applied C.contributed D.attached

14.Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and __________for us in an advanced age;and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.A.ingredient B.reliance C.shelter D.inclination

15.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to __________wonderful bargains in the market.A.pick up B.bump into C.pile up D.bring back

16.Scientists are searching for the oldest tree __________because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.A.lively B.alive C.living D.live

17.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City __________shock and anger throughout the world.A.tempted B.provoked C.summoned D.enveloped

18.A 1994 World Bank report concluded that __________girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A.enrolling B.assigning C.involving D.consenting

19.The UN official said aid programs will be __________until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.A.multiplied B.arrested C.spanned D.suspended

20.Despite almost universal__________of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world.A.confession B.identification C.acknowledgement D.compliment

21.Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now __________much of their food.A.deliver B.import C.produce D.develop

22.Because Jenkins neither __________nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic

A.criticizes...acumen B.attacks…neutrality C.confronts…aptitude D.dismisses…flair

23.Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only __________their trainers.A.imitating B.condoning C.instructing D.acknowledging

24.It is ironic that the__________insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere

A.oriinal… cliches B.banal… beliefs C.dubious… habits D.philosophical-questions 25.The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable__________, when weight loss if not stops.A.moods… accelerates B.feasts… halts C.holidays… contracts D.plateaus… slows

26.Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends were so__________, she was surprised that her__________were recognized.A.laudatory… styles B.obvious… anecdotes C.oblique… allusions D.critical… eulogies

27.If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the __________of moraliy?

A, regulation B.basis C.belief D.collapse

28.Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be __________, and therefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.A.learned… immune to B.innate… unaffected by C.intricate… belong to D.specific… confused with

29.Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy __________at any price.A.order B.emancipation C.hope D.liberty

30.As a person who combines care with _________, Marisa completed her duties with__________as well as zeal.A.levity… resignation B.enthusiasm… meticulousness C.vitality… willingness D.empathy… rigor

PartⅡ Close

The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology.As the name __31__ , it combines biology and modern technology through such __32__ as genetic engineering.Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, __33__ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent(取得專利)seeds that give a high yield(產(chǎn)量), that __34__ disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals.__35__ such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial.But some have raised __36__ about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity(多樣性)is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment.“A rose can be crossed(雜交)with a different kind of rose, but a lose will __37__ cross with a potato...” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to __38__ a desired property or character.This could mean, __39__ , selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes __40__ from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.__41__ , then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that __42__ species.Like the green revolution,(43)what some call the gene revolution(44)contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity(千篇一律)–some say even more so(45)because geneticists can employ techniques such(46)as cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly(47)identical copies, or clones.Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain.Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48)issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment.―We are flying blindly into a new(49)of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potensial(50), ‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31.A.suggests B.recalls C.concerns D.advises

32.A.concepts B.views C.techniques D.courses

33.A.participate B.focus C.specialize D.involve

34.A.treat B.avoid C.oppose D.resist

35.A.If B.Unless C.Since D.As

36.A.demands B.topics C.concerns D.lessons

37.A.sometimes B.never C.frequently D.eventually

38.A.convey B.transfer C.select D.collect

39.A.for example B.for one thing C.on one hand D.in any case

40.A.resulted B.evolved C.injected D.taken

41.A.In contrast B.In that C.In case D.In essence

42.A.separate B.form C.create D.vary

43.A.what B.where C.as D.so

44.A.combines B.contributes C.commands D.breaks

45.A.that B.because C.if D.when

46.A.like B.for example C.as D.is

47.A.resembling B.alike C.similar D.identical

48.A.issues B.height C.difficulties D.goals

49.A.spot B.era C.deadline D.scheme

50.A.navigations B.mystery C.outcomes D.destinations Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Passage 1

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be ―all things to all people‖.In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends.The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context;skills, rather than being means, have become ends.Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree.In short, driven by careerism, ―the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文憑)than in providing a quality education for their students.―The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning.Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.― Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching.In fact, they do much to undermine it.As one professor observed: ―Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.‖ Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates.Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure(終身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases.Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research.Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that ―There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.‖

51.When a college tries to be ―all things to al people‖(Lines 1-2, Para.1)it aims to ________.A)satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously

B)focus on training students in various skills

C)encourage students to take as many courses as possible

D)make learning serve academic rather than productive ends

52.By saying that ―in too many academic fields, the work has no context‖(Lines 4-5, Pare.1)the author means that the teaching in these areas ________.A)ignores the actual situation

B)is not based on the right perspective

C)only focuses on an integrated core of common learning

D)gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students

53.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that ________.A)a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges

B)students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn

C)skills are being taught as a means to an end

D)students are only interested in obtaining credentials

54.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because ________.A)most of them lack high-quality faculties

B)the interests of most faculty members lie in research

C)there are not enough incentives for students to study hard

D)they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching

55.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for ________.A)putting academic work in the proper context

B)a commitment to students and effective teaching

C)the practice of putting leaning to productive ends

D)dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge

答案

51.C 52.B 53.A 54.D 55.B Passage 2

Endangered Species Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction.Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution.Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today.These species slowly disappeared because of changes of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation(捕食).Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment(侵犯)on natural ecology systems.Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats(棲息地).Drainage of wetlands(沼澤地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats.As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings.Species in these small islands‖ lose contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing their genetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.Since the 1600s, commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has caused many species to become extinct or endangered.Introduced diseases and parasites have also greatly reduced some species.Pollution is another important cause of their extinction.Some private and governmental efforts have been organized to save declining species.Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing.International endeavors are shown in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.approved by 51 nations.Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species.How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement(實施)and support by the people and the courts.Because of a lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.56 According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of man species since the 17th century?

A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D The world’s climate has changed so greatly that most species cannot survive.57 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word islands refers to

A the lands that are completely surrounded by water.B the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law

C the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.58 This passage mentions all of the following reasons that cause the extinction of man species except

A natural selection of species.B various natural disasters.C commercial trade and killing.D destruction of natural surroundings.59 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?

A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C Relevant laws must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.60 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?

A Worried.B Optimistic.C Indifferent.D Confident.Passage 3

Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing.They actually saw it as afactor in world peace.They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war.Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn.The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs(粘膜炎)and consumptions.The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs.In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy(中風(fēng)).The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight.But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite.They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable.If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort.Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats;but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all;no seats and no roof;they were just open trucks.So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed.In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost;they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic(滑稽的)press.This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway.The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages.He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood.Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.61.All boys and girls in large families know that

A)a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together

B)people tend to be together more than they used to be

C)a lot of people being together makes fights likely

D)Railway leads the world to peace

62.According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except.A)the railway enables people travel fast

B)the railway brings comfort to people

C)the railway makes the world peaceful

D)the railway leads the world to war as well.63.According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but.A)tunnels are dangerous to public health

B)the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves

C)the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs

D)to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die

64.We may safely conclude that.A)the author belongs to the anti-railway group

B)the author belongs to the for-railway group

C)the author speaks highly of the railway

D)the author may never take train because of its potential dangers

65.What is the tone of this passage?

A)Practical B)Satirical C)Humorous D)Exaggerated

答案

61.C 62.D 63.D 64.A 65.C Passage Passage 4

The Myth of College Many of you young persons out there are seriously thinking about going to college.(That is, of course, a lie.The only things you young persons think seriously about are loud music and sex.Trust me: these are closely related to college).College is basically a bunch of rooms where you sit for roughly two thousand hours and try to memorize things.The two thousand hours are spread out over four years;you spend the rest of the time sleeping and trying to get dates.Basically, you learn two kinds of things in college:

Things you need to know later in life(two hours).These include how to make collect telephone calls and get beer and crepe-paper stains out of your pajamas.Things you will not need to know in later life(1,998 hours).These are the things you learn in classes whose names end in-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics, and so on.The idea is you memorize these things, then write them down in little exam books, then forget them.If you fail to forget them, you become a professor and have to stay in college for the rest of your life.It's very difficult to forget everything.For example, when I was in college, I had to memorizethe names of the metaphysical poets other than John Donne.I have managed to forget one of them, but I still remember that the other two were named Vaughan and Crashaw.Sometimes, when I'm trying to remember something important, like whether my wife told me to get tuna packed in oil or tuna packed in water, Vaughan and Crashaw just pop up in my mind, right there in the supermarket.It's a terrible waste of brain cells.After you've been in college for a year or so, you're supposed to choose a major, which is the subject you intend to memorize and forget the most things about.Here is a very important piece of advice: be sure to choose a major that does not involve Known Facts and Right Answers.This means that you must not major in mathematics, physics, biology or chemistry, because these subjects involve actual facts.If, for example, you major in mathematics, you're going to wander into class one day and the professor will say: “Define the cosine integer of the quadrant of the rhomboid binary axis, and extrapolate your result to five significant vertices.” If you don't come up with exactly the answer the professor has in mind, you fail.The same is true of chemistry: if you write in your exam book that carbon and hydrogen combine to form oak, your professor will flunk you.He wants you to come up with the same answer he and all the other chemists have agreed on.Scientists are extremely snotty about this.68.When should the college students choose a major?

A.The moment they go to college

B.After they have been in college for nearly two years

C.After they have been in college for a year or so

D.When they become a senior

69.The word ―flunk‖ in the last paragraph means

A.float B.fail C.ridicule D.dupe

70.What is the beat title for the passage?

A.The Myth of College

B.What Can You Learn in College?

C.How to Enjoy Your College Life

D.The Importance of College Part Ⅳ Use of Language

The psychology of warranties保單心理學(xué)

Protection racket保護之詐

If extended guarantees are overpriced, why are they so popular? CUSTOMERS tend to agonise over the relative merits of different models of electronic goods such as digital cameras or plasma televisions.But when they get to the till, many spend freely on something they barely think about at all: an extended warranty, which is often more profitable to the retailer than the device it covers.Shoppers typically pay 10-50% of the cost of a product to insure it beyond the term covered by the manufacturer’s guarantee.71.Yet products rarely break within the period covered, and repairs tend to cost no more than the warranty itself.72 l.So why, asks a paper published in the December issue of the Journal of Consumer Research, do so many consumers still buy extended warranties? The authors—Tao Chen of the University of Maryland, Ajay Kalra of Rice University and Baohong Sun of Carnegie Mellon University—examined purchase data from a big electronics retailer for over 600 households from November 2003 to October 2004.73.If a customer is about to buy something fun(ie, a plasma television rather than a vacuum cleaner), he will be more inclined to splash out on extra insurance.This is because consumers value ―hedonic‖ items over utilitarian ones, regardless of the actual price tag.74.The study also found that poorer consumers are more likely to buy ―potentially unnecessary and overpriced insurance‖, because they are more worried about the expense of replacing a product if it breaks.75.But although most policies go unused, he admits that the emotional tranquillity that comes with buying a new warranty is not in itself without value, even if ―rationally, it doesn’t make sense‖.A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary(and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shopper’s mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a product’s failure, says Mr Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal

答案

B G E A F

Part Ⅴ Translation

1.Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more ―unnatural food.‖

2.According to a growing body of exidence, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.3.Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, they’ ll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.4.The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.5.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yieds.Part Ⅵ Writing

As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent.Please make comment on the phenomena

第五篇：浙大考博英語實用聽力-答案

Test One

Section A-Section B

1C ／ 2D ／ 3D ／ 4C ／ 5D ／ 6D ／ 7C ／ 8A ／ 9B ／ 10C ／ 11C ／ 12B ／ 13A ／ 14A ／ 15B ／ 16A ／ 17D ／ 18B ／ 19C ／ 20C

Section C

Part A

1.a bright light

2.face masks

3.frightened

4.piece of metal

5.kind of souvenir

Part B

6.Italy

7.four English victories, four ties

8.70,000

9.at the 52nd minute

10.107

Part C

11C ／ 12A ／ 13C

Part D

14D ／ 15C ／ 16B ／ 17E ／ 18A

Test Two

Section A-Section B

1C ／ 2A ／ 3B ／ 4D ／ 5C ／ 6B ／ 7D ／ 8C ／ 9D ／ 10B ／ 11C ／ 12C ／ 13D ／ 14B ／ 15B ／ 16D ／ 17C ／ 18D ／ 19A ／ 20B

Section C

Part A

1.snow showers

2.more consistent snowfall

3.cloudy

4.rain showers

5.89 degrees

Part B

6.at least 324 square miles

7.an important earthquakes source

8.magnitude, depth, the surface structures

9.$358 million

10.once every 500-2,000 years

Part C

11B ／ 12D ／ 13A

Part D

14A ／ 15B ／ 16C ／ 17A

Test Three

Section A-Section B

1A ／ 2D ／ 3B ／ 4D ／ 5B ／ 6B ／ 7D ／ 8D ／ 9C ／ 10D ／ 11C ／ 12C ／ 13B ／ 14D ／ 15A ／ 16C ／ 17C ／ 18B ／ 19D ／ 20C

Section C

Part A

1.on a picnic

2.looking for firewood

3.slowly as possible

4.two small incisions / cuts

5.the hospital overnight

Part B

6.early Saturday

7.a merchant vessel

8.mechanical problem

9.29

10.immigrant smuggling

Part C

11D ／ 12B ／ 13A

Part D

14C ／ 15A ／ 16D

Test Four

Section A-Section B

1B ／ 2C ／ 3B ／ 4A ／ 5D ／ 6A ／ 7C ／ 8C ／ 9C ／ 10C ／ 11B ／

13C ／ 14D ／ 15C ／ 16D ／ 17A ／ 18D ／ 19D ／ 20C

Section C

Part A

1.a cooperation agreement

2.broadband communications network

3.negotiations and discussions

4.technologies, management expertise

5.responsible departments

Part B

6.a young architect

7.old and lovely

8.very frightened

9.write his ghost a letter

10.they lived happily together

Part C

11C ／ 12B ／ 13A ／ 14D

Part D

15A ／ 16C ／ 17D

Test Five

Section A-Section B

1B ／ 2C ／ 3D ／ 4C ／ 5D ／ 6A ／ 7B ／ 8D ／ 9A ／ 10D ／ 11B ／

13A ／ 14D ／ 15C ／ 16C ／ 17D ／ 18C ／ 19A ／ 20D

Section C

Part A

1.write

2.a VCR

3.purchase stolen goods

4.get a bargain

5.more thefts

Part B

6.with an enthusiastic smile

7.he gave a lively commentary

8.they smiled

9.his dream was in jeopardy

10.emotional intelligence

Part C

11A ／ 12B / 13A / 14B

Part D

15A ／16D ／17C ／18A

Test Six

Section A-Section B

1C ／ 2A ／ 3D ／ 4B ／ 5A ／ 6C ／ 7C ／ 8A ／ 9B ／ 10D ／ 11B ／／／／ 12C12B12B

13D ／ 14C ／ 15B ／ 16A ／ 17A ／ 18B ／ 19A ／ 20B

Section C

Part A

1.swept by emotion

2.change a bad mood / change bad moods

3.deal with / relieve

4.more positive light

5.distraction

Part B

6.a positive attitude

7.gathering of enthusiasm, zeal, confidence

8.clear goals, optimistic, cando attitude

9.the situation, not themselves

10.with effort and practice

Part C

11A ／12A ／13B ／14C

Part D

15B ／16D ／17B ／18C

Test Seven

Section A-Section B

1C ／ 2B ／ 3C ／ 4C ／ 5A ／ 6D ／ 7A ／ 8D ／ 9D ／ 10B ／ 11B ／

13C ／ 14D ／ 15D ／ 16A ／ 17A ／ 18B ／ 19C ／ 20C

Section C

Part A

1.delay impulse

2.children / kids / preschoolers

3.twofruit reward

4.pursuing their goals

5.through practice

Part B

6.others feel

7.subtle, almost imperceptible

8.academic I.Q.tests

9.reliable networks

10.interpersonal skills / emotional intelligence

Part C

11D ／12D ／13B ／14C

Part D

15C ／16C ／17D ／18A

Test Eight

Section A-Section B

1C ／ 2D ／ 3D ／ 4B ／ 5D ／ 6B ／ 7B ／ 8A ／ 9D ／ 10A ／ 11A ／

13A ／ 14D ／ 15A ／ 16D ／ 17C ／ 18C ／ 19D ／ 20A

Section C

Part A

1.a good name

2.unmarried mothers

3.teenager drug abuse

4.cultural influences

5.sense of shame

Part B

6.to get comfort

7.an adventurous and independent woman

8.a master's degree in linguistics

9.searchandrescue work／／ 12A12C

10.100 times greater

Part C

11D ／12C ／13A ／14C

Part D

15C / 16A / 17B / 18D

Test Nine

Section A-Section B

1D ／ 2C ／ 3D ／ 4B ／ 5A ／ 6C ／ 7A ／ 8C ／ 9B ／ 10D ／ 11A ／ 12D ／

13A ／ 14D ／ 15C ／ 16A ／ 17C ／ 18C ／ 19B ／ 20D

Section C

Part A

1.entertaining and constructive

2.his marriage

3.in 1965

4.vigorously condensing / focusing on essentials

5.in 19 languages

Part B

6.forgetting about calories

7.a doctor

8.that on the package's label

9.25 percent

10.a strong willpower and persistence

Part C

11C / 12C / 13A / 14D

Part D

15B / 16B / 17D / 18D Test Ten

Section A-Section B

1B ／ 2A ／ 3D ／ 4C ／ 5C ／ 6B ／ 7A ／ 8C ／ 9A ／ 10D ／ 11B ／

13A ／ 14D ／ 15B ／ 16B ／ 17B ／ 18C ／ 19C ／ 20B

Section C

Part A

1.the video taperecorder

2.more efficient

3.more than doubled

4.rising Japanese company

5.repeatable and editable

Part B

6.a dozen silicon chips

7.creating the microprocessor

8.by advertising in Electronic News

9.the heart of computers

10.a consultant in patent cases

Part C

11A / 12C / 13B / 14D

Part D

15B / 16C / 17D / 18C

／12C