第一篇：川大考博呼吸真題

四川大學(xué)華西2018考博呼吸內(nèi)科及大內(nèi)科真題

呼吸內(nèi)科?？祁}：

1.舉例說明三種支氣管擴張劑，簡述期其應(yīng)用，2.有關(guān)哮喘和COPD的一道病例分析題，（20分）

3.ARDS的定義和最新診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，4.CAP的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，5.機械通氣撤機困難應(yīng)考慮哪些原因，6.COPD的定義，分級，分期，7.活動性肺結(jié)核的治療原則和初治和復(fù)治的要點，大內(nèi)科公共題，選2個，20分

呼吸：呼吸支持技術(shù)？簡述其要點

心內(nèi)：冠心病二級預(yù)防

消化：潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和crohn腸病鑒別

腎內(nèi)：2選1 AKI診斷及分期

慢性腎功能不全透析指針

內(nèi)分泌：酮癥酸中毒基本處理原則

血液：出血性疾病診斷試驗及意義

免疫：系統(tǒng)性硬化的臨床分型，實驗室特點，治療原則

感染：臨床常用抗生素種類及使用基本原則

第二篇：吉大考博馬哲真題

2008年馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理、原著研究

一、列寧《哲學(xué)筆記》中說：“問題不在于有沒有運動，而在于如何在概念的邏輯中去表達它?！比绾卫斫?/p>

這個論斷

二、如何理解人對世界的否定性統(tǒng)一關(guān)系

三、如何理解人的歷史活動與歷史規(guī)律的關(guān)系

四、談?wù)劯母镩_放以來馬克思主義哲學(xué)研究獲取的重要成果

西方哲學(xué)

一、如何理解芝諾“阿基里斯永遠追不上烏龜”

二、評述休謨懷疑主義及其對后世影響

三、黑格爾對康德先驗邏輯的的批判

四、后現(xiàn)代主義哲學(xué)對西方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的批判

2009年馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理、原著研究

一、思維和存在的關(guān)系問題

二、馬克思《1844年經(jīng)濟學(xué)哲學(xué)手稿》對黑格爾哲學(xué)的整體評價

三、邏輯學(xué)認識論辯證法三統(tǒng)一

四、以某一個哲學(xué)理論為例，談近三十的哲學(xué)發(fā)展（當(dāng)前焦點）

西方哲學(xué)

一、柏拉圖的理念論

二、康德實踐哲學(xué)

三、黑格爾邏輯學(xué)認識論辯證法三者統(tǒng)一

四、后現(xiàn)代主義哲學(xué)思潮特征及其對馬克思主義哲學(xué)的影響

2010年馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理、原著研究

一、辯證法與形而上學(xué)的比較

二、如何理解《費爾巴哈提綱》中的實踐觀

三、如何理解真理具有客觀性

四、論述近年來馬克思主義哲學(xué)在中國的發(fā)展

西方哲學(xué)

一、亞里士多德的形而上學(xué)

二、近代哲學(xué)的主體性，并結(jié)合后現(xiàn)代主義的“主體性已經(jīng)死亡”進行論述

三、康德的“二律背反”

四、語言學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)向

2011年馬克思主義哲學(xué)

一、論述關(guān)于《費爾巴哈提綱》的內(nèi)容，并評述。

二、科學(xué)與哲學(xué)的關(guān)系

三、真理論與價值論的關(guān)系

談?wù)劷陣鴥?nèi)關(guān)于歷史唯物主義的主要觀點，并談?wù)勀阕约旱睦斫狻?/p>

西方哲學(xué)

一、亞里士多德的“實體”學(xué)說

二、論述從洛克、貝克萊、休謨經(jīng)驗論發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯

三、黑格爾的“實體即主體”學(xué)說

四、邏輯經(jīng)驗主義如何拒斥形而上學(xué)

第三篇：2016年浙大考博英語真題部分試題

2016年浙江大學(xué)博士生英語

聽力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.-----文章來源 托福聽力

聽力是 托福內(nèi)容，完型填空 是大學(xué)英語教程第四冊里面的內(nèi)容~~~

完型閱讀

Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

PS：聽力第一題 五個答案為：1.a good sampling 2.exotic birds 3.a safe distance 4.running a canoe 5.a close view

2016年浙大英語考博完形填空原文，各位考生可以回憶下 你選對了幾個~~~~~Gold

Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

翻譯原文

Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，“運動型消費者”不僅在尋找最優(yōu)價，他們還很享受買促銷品帶給他們的興奮感。

Professors from San Francisco State University revealed this new breed of shoppers and presented evidence that they have similar behaviors of competitive athletes in that they view bargain shopping as an achievement domain.Achievement goal theory, which describes the motivational behavior of sports athletes in achieving their athletic goals, was used in the study to better understand the motivation of sport shoppers.The study looked at American undergraduate students, who filled out open-ended surveys, participated in interviews and took part in closet inventories.The researchers then analyzed the information using three categories: task, ego and social approval.'This is somebody who takes great pride in their ability to get the thing they want at a discount,' said Kathleen O'Donnel, associate dean of the School of Business.'It's not about spending the least, it's about saving the most.' O'Donnell is the lead author on an article published online Nov.14 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, with Judi Strebel, chair of the marketing department, and their Australian colleague Gary Mortimer of Queensland University as co-authors.The article, titled, 'The thrill of victory: Women and sport shopping,' will be published in print early in 2016.

第四篇：北師大考博英語翻譯題解析

睿普教育—專注考博英語

004km.cn

去年我一個學(xué)員報考了北京師范大學(xué)，考試結(jié)束后他興高采烈的對我說，考的很好，感覺題特別簡單，最少也能考75分以上，結(jié)果成績下來后，他只考了60多分，我們一起核對答案后，才知道原來他的翻譯答的不好，其中一篇15分的漢譯英題，她基本都是用簡單句翻譯的。總所周知，北師大是全國高等的師范學(xué)府，這也就是說北師大的考博題型多少是有點偏文的，其考博英語試卷中僅僅翻譯和寫作就占55分，也就是說如果你的翻譯和寫作環(huán)節(jié)很薄弱，你就不可能通過考試。下面我們一起來看看北師大05年的漢譯英題。

在學(xué)問上打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)將使你終生受益。在學(xué)習(xí)的初級階段，學(xué)校所有科目中最重要的是語言和數(shù)學(xué)。語言是閱讀和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表達自己； 沒有很好的掌握一門外語，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難吸收外國的新知識。數(shù)學(xué)能訓(xùn)練人的邏輯思維。其他學(xué)科也各有用處，很難說哪一門更重要。比如，體育和音樂教育對于促進人的智力發(fā)展 同樣是重要的。(北師大2005年)（15分）

想做好這道題我們要具備的是積累一定量單詞和詞組，不過相信這段中文所涉及到英文單詞大家都會拼寫，但是很多考生達不了高分的主要原因就是因為只顧著背單詞而忽略了在學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中對詞組的積累。如第一句“在學(xué)問上打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)將是你終生受益”，其中在……方面打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)該用詞組：lay a solid foundation in……，而為……奠定牢固的基礎(chǔ)lay a solid foundation for……。睿普教育—專注考博英語

004km.cn

此外，使……受益，應(yīng)該表達為：grant……benefit.在……的初級階段：on the preliminary stage.還有所給文章中有一句“學(xué)校所有科目中最重要的是語言和數(shù)學(xué)”。這里考生很可能看到最重要的就想怎樣把“important”這個詞添加進去。其實dominate也有在……占首要地位的意思，在譯文中用dominate會更地道一些。還有文章中“你就不能很好的表達自己”。很多考生會譯成：you can’t express yourself well.其實我們譯成：prevent you from expressing yourself更好些，不要見到能救翻譯成can見到不能就翻譯成can’t.要考慮到上下文語境，選擇最適合的詞語進行搭配。

如果我們在平時學(xué)習(xí)中積累到了上述的詞組搭配，這篇翻譯就會得到很高的分數(shù)，下面我們這些詞組組合起來，便可譯出下面的譯文。Laying a solid foundation in learning will grant you lifetime benefit.On the preliminary stage Language and Math dominate the most part of all subjects in school education.Language and reading are important means of reading and communication.Awkward mother tongue may prevent you from expressing yourself and a good command of foreign Language can enable you to absorb newest information from abroad while Math can train our ability of thinking in the logic way.To other subjects, it is hard to tell which is more important because they have respective advantages.For example.Physical and musical education make equal contribution to our mental development.

第五篇：2013人大考博英語

2013英語

20分單選20個 20分完型20個 20分閱讀20個

20分翻譯英譯漢漢譯英 20分寫作 寫作題目

Major study and English learning

不少于200字 必須包括以下內(nèi)容

1.major study is your future 2.English study is important 3.How to manage the time between them

另外，翻譯挺難，英譯漢是關(guān)于communication technology的，里面有一些專業(yè)詞匯。漢譯英更變態(tài)，是一個青州佛像的翻譯，比如青州佛像最令人難忘的是它的笑容，他細細的眉眼，兩腮若隱若現(xiàn)的笑容，仿佛蕩漾著愉悅等等…..