第一篇:2005年成人高考英語試題及答案2(高起點)
關于婚假、喪假、探親假、病事假、產假、休假的規(guī)定
為了更好地貫徹執(zhí)行國家、省、地、縣人事部門的有關規(guī)定,保障職工的合法權益,現(xiàn)根據(jù)國家有關政策法規(guī),特制訂本規(guī)定,請各科室按此規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
一、婚、喪假
1、婚假:職工本人結婚,給予3天婚假,晚婚增加10天。職工按上述規(guī)定所享受的假期期間,工資、獎金照發(fā)。
2、喪假:職工的直系親屬(父母、配偶、子女、岳父母、公婆)死亡時,給予3-5天喪假;職工在外地的直系親屬死亡時,可根據(jù)路程遠近,另給路程假。在批準的喪假和路程假期間,職工工資照發(fā),途中的車船費等,全部由職工自理。當職工的非直系親屬死亡時,不可以請喪假,只能請事假。
二、探親假
1、探親的條件和范圍
(1)職工探望配偶的,每年給予探親假一次,假期為30天;
(2)未婚職工探望父母,原則上每年給假一次,假期為20天。如果因工作需要,單位不能給予假期,或者職工自愿2年探親一次的,可以2年給假一次,假期為45天。
(3)已婚職工探望父母的,沒四年給假一次,假期為20天。
探親假是職工與配偶、父、母團聚的時間。另外,根據(jù)實際需要給予路程假。上述假期均包括公休假日和節(jié)假日在內。
(4)職工工作為滿一年的,不能享受探親待遇。上半年期滿轉正的,下半年可享受探親假;下半年期滿轉正的,從下一年度開始享受探親假。
2、探親路費報銷標準
職工探親路費包括往返車船費、市內交通費和途中住宿費。職工探望配偶和未婚職工探望父母的路費,由所在單位負擔;已婚職工探望父母的往返路費在本人月工資30%以內的,由本人自理,超過部分由所在單位負擔。
三、病、事假
(一)病、事假的批準
1、病假:職工請病假,需有縣級以上醫(yī)院或中心出示的病假證明及本人申請。
2、事假:職工請事假,需由本人提出請假理由及申請。
(二)病、事假期間的待遇
1、病假
(1)病假兩個月以內的,工資照發(fā)。
(3)病假超過兩個月不滿六個月,從第三個月起,基本工資中的固定工資及活津貼按90%發(fā)放。
(4)病假超過六個月,從第七個月起,工資中按70%發(fā)放。
(5)獲得由人事部與國務院工作部門聯(lián)合授予的勞動模范、先進工作者稱號和獲得國家、省授予的有特出貢獻專家稱號、省級勞模,仍保持榮譽的,病假期間的工資全額發(fā)放。
(6)工作人員病假期間從事有償收入活動的,停發(fā)其病假期間的全部工資。
2、事假(1)普通事假
①當年事假累計在20天及以下的,基本工資照發(fā)。
②當年事假累計在20天以上、30天以下(含30天)的,每天扣發(fā)本人日基本工資的50%(日基本工資=月基本工資 ÷21.75天,以下同);當年事假累計超過30天以上的,從第31天起,停發(fā)本人基本工資。
(2)出國事假 ①因私事請假出國半個月以上不超過1個月(含1個月)的,按本人基本工資的70%計發(fā)。
②因私事請假出國在1個月以上不超過2個月(含2個月)的,按本人基本工資的60%計發(fā)。
③因私事請假出國在2個月以上不超過3個月(含3個月)的,按本人基本工資的50%計發(fā)。
④因私事請假出國超過3個月的,從第4個月起停發(fā)基本工資。
四、產假、護理假 女職工的產假為90天,其中產前假15天;符合晚育年齡的夫妻,增加女方產假30天,同時給予男方護理假7天(不符合晚育條件的夫妻,男方不可以請護理假,只能請事假);女職工如果是難產的,增加產假15天;多胞胎生育的,每多生一個嬰兒,增加產假15天。職工在產假期間辦理《獨生子女父母光榮證》的,增加產假90天。女職工懷孕流產的,單位應當根據(jù)醫(yī)務部門的證明,給予一定時間的產假。女職工懷孕不滿4個月流產時,給予15天至30天的產假;懷孕滿4個月以上流產者,給予42天產假。產假、護理假,工資照發(fā),福利待遇不變,不影響考勤、考核和晉級、晉職、提薪。
五、出國出境人員探親待遇
出國探親一般為三個月,最多不得超過六個月。前三個月工資照發(fā),從第四個月起,停發(fā)工資。
六、法定節(jié)假日
新年(1月1日,放假1天)
春節(jié)(農歷正月初
一、初
二、初三,放假3天)
勞動節(jié)和國慶節(jié)(1日-3日,放假3天)
清明節(jié)、端陽節(jié)、中秋節(jié)各1天
婦女節(jié)(3月8日,婦女放假半天)
除婦女節(jié)外的其他節(jié)假日,如果適逢星期
六、星期日,應當在工作日補假。
七、帶薪年休假
(一)勞動者連續(xù)工作一年以上的,享受帶薪年休假。(二)職工累計工作已滿1年不滿10年的,年休假5天;已滿10年不滿20年的,年休假10天;已滿20年的,年休假15天。且國家法定休假日、休息日不計入年休假的假期。
(三)職工有下列情形之一的,不享受當年的年休假:
1、職工請事假累計20天以上且單位按照規(guī)定不扣工資的;
2、累計工作滿1年不滿10年的職工,請病假累計2個月以上的;
3、累計工作滿10年不滿20年的職工,請病假累計3個月以上的;
4、累計工作滿20年以上的職工,請病假累計4個月以上的。
(四)年休假在1個年度內可以集中安排,也可以分段安排,一般不跨年度安排。單位因生產、工作特點確有必要跨年度安排職工年休假的,可以跨1個年度安排。單位確因工作需要不能安排職工休年休假的,經職工本人同意,可以不安排職工休年休假。對職工應休未休的年休假天數(shù),單位應當按照該職工日工資收入的300%支付年休假工資報酬。
八、職工依法參加社會活動請假
職工依法參加社會活動期間,用人單位應當依法支付工資。社會活動包括:依法行使選舉權或被選舉權;當選代表出席鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))、區(qū)以上政府、黨派、工會、青年團、婦女聯(lián)合會等組織召開的會議;出任人民法院證明人;出席勞動模范、先進工作者大會;《工會法》規(guī)定的不脫產工會基層委員會委員因工會活動占用的生產或工作時間;其它依法參加的社會活動。
九、節(jié)育假和節(jié)育護理假
職工接受計劃生育手術,享受國家規(guī)定的休假。落實避孕措施、實施計劃生育手術的公民,憑醫(yī)療單位或者計劃生育技術服務機構證明,所在單位應當按照規(guī)定給予休息。放置宮內節(jié)育器休息2天,取宮內節(jié)育器休息1天,“皮埋”術休息3天,取“皮埋”休息2天,輸精管結扎休息15天,單純輸卵管結扎休息21天,人工流產(包括藥物流產術)休息20-30天,中期終止妊娠休息42天。以上假期視為出勤,不影響基本工資、獎金及福利待遇。
十、女職工哺乳假
單位對有不滿1周歲嬰兒的女職工,應當在每班勞動時間內給予其兩次哺乳(含人工喂養(yǎng))時間,每次30分鐘。多胞胎生育的,每多哺乳一個嬰兒,每次哺乳時間增加30分鐘。哺乳時間和在本單位內哺乳往返中的時間算作勞動時間。單位不得在女職工哺乳期降低其基本工資。嬰兒滿周歲時,經縣(區(qū))以上(含縣、區(qū))醫(yī)療或保健機構確診為體弱兒,可以適當延長哺乳期,但是不得超過6個月。即哺乳女職工請哺乳假最長可到嬰兒1歲半時為止。
十一、因請假未發(fā)放全額工資職工,扣發(fā)當月(日)績效獎金。
十二、假期批準
請假假期在1天以內的,可以口頭申請,超過1天的必須書面申請。1-3天由科室批準;3天以內由辦公室主任批準;3天以上的,經辦公室主任同意,由中心主任批準。
十三、本規(guī)定從頒布之日起執(zhí)行。由中心主任負責解釋。
育才社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務中心
二〇一一年一月二日
第二篇:2004年成人高考英語試題及答案(高起點)
華人民共和國勞動法
第一章 總
則 第二章 促進就業(yè) 第三章 勞動合同和集體合同 第四章 工作時間和休息休假 第五章 工
資 第六章 勞動安全衛(wèi)生 第七章 女職工和未成年工特殊保護 第八章 職業(yè)培訓 第九章 社會保險和福利 第十章 勞動爭議 第十一章 監(jiān)督檢查 第十二章 法律責任 第十三章 附
則
中華人民共和國勞動法》已由中華人民共和國第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第八次會議于1994年7月5日通過,現(xiàn)予公布,自1995年1月1日起施行。
中華人民共和國主席 江澤民 1994年7月5日
中華人民共和國勞動法第一章 總
則
第一條 為了保護勞動者的合法權益,調整勞動關系,建立和維護適應社會主義市場經濟的勞動制度,促進經濟發(fā)展和社會進步,根據(jù)憲法,制定本法。
第二條 在中華人民共和國境內的企業(yè)、個體經濟組織(以下統(tǒng)稱用人單位)和與之形成勞動關系的勞動者,適用本法。
第三條 勞動者享有平等就業(yè)和選擇職業(yè)的權利、取得勞動報酬的權利、休息休假的權利、獲得勞動安全衛(wèi)生保護的權利、接受職業(yè)技能培訓的權利、享受社會保險和福利的權利、提請勞動爭議處理的權利以及法律規(guī)定的其他勞動權利。
勞動者應當完成勞動任務,提高職業(yè)技能,執(zhí)行勞動安全衛(wèi)生規(guī)程,遵守勞動紀律和職業(yè)道德。
第四條 用人單位應當依法建立和完善規(guī)章制度,保障勞動者享有勞動權利和履行勞動義務。
第五條 國家采取各種措施,促進勞動就業(yè),發(fā)展職業(yè)教育,制定勞動標準,調節(jié)社會收入,完善社會保險,協(xié)調勞動關系,逐步提高勞動者的生活水平。
第六條 國家提倡勞動者參加社會主義義務勞動,開展勞動競賽和合理化建議活動,鼓勵和保護勞動者進行科學研究、技術革新和發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,表彰和獎勵勞動模范和先進工作者。
第七條 勞動者有權依法參加和組織工會。
工會代表和維護勞動者的合法權益,依法獨立自主地開展活動。
第八條 勞動者依照法律規(guī)定,通過職工大會、職工代表大會或者其他形式,參與民主管理或者就保護勞動合法權益與用人單位進行平等協(xié)商。
第九條 國務院勞動行政部門主管全國勞動工作。
縣級以上地方人民政府勞動行政部門主管本行政區(qū)域內的勞動工作。第二章 促進就業(yè)
第十條 國家通過促進經濟和社會發(fā)展,創(chuàng)造就業(yè)條件,擴大就業(yè)機會。
國家鼓勵企業(yè)、事業(yè)組織、社會團體在法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的范圍內興辦產業(yè)或者拓展經營,增加就業(yè)。
國家支持勞動者自愿組織起來就業(yè)和從事個體經營實現(xiàn)就業(yè)。
第十一條 地方各級人民政府應當采取措施,發(fā)展多種類型的職業(yè)介紹機構,提供就業(yè)服務。
第十二條 勞動者就業(yè),不因民族、種族、性別、宗教信仰不同而受歧視。
第十三條 婦女享有與男子平等的就業(yè)權利。在錄用職工時,除國家規(guī)定的不適合婦女的工種或者崗位外,不得以性別為由拒絕錄用婦女或者提高對婦女的錄用標準。
第十四條 殘疾人、少數(shù)民族人員、退出現(xiàn)役的軍人的就業(yè),法律、法規(guī)有特別規(guī)定的,從其規(guī)定。
第十五條 禁止用人單位招用未滿16歲的未成年人,必須依照國家有關規(guī)定,履行審批手續(xù),并保障其接受義務教育的權利。
第三章 勞動合同和集體合同
第十六條 勞動合同是勞動者與用人單位確立勞動關系、明確雙方權利和義務的協(xié)議。
建立勞動關系應當訂立勞動合同。
第十七條 訂立和變更勞動合同,應當遵循平等自愿、協(xié)商一致的原則,不得違反法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定。
勞動合同依法訂立即具有法律約束力,當事人必須履行勞動合同規(guī)定的義務。
第十八條 下列勞動合同無效:
(一)違反法律、行政法規(guī)的勞動合同;
(二)采取欺詐、威脅等手段訂立的勞動合同。
無效的勞動合同,從訂立的時候起,就沒有法律約束力。確認勞動合同部分無效的,如果不影響其余部分的效力,其余部分仍然有效。
勞動合同的無效,由勞動爭議仲裁委員會或者人民法院確認。
第十九條 勞動合同應當以書面形式訂立,并具備以下條款:
(一)勞動合同期限;
(二)工作內容;
(三)勞動保護和勞動條件;
(四)勞動報酬;
(五)勞動紀律;
(六)勞動合同終止的條件;
(七)違反勞動合同的責任。
勞動合同除前款規(guī)定的必備條款外,當事人可以協(xié)商約定其他內容。
第二十條 勞動合同的期限分為有固定期限、無固定期限和以完成一定的工作為期限。
勞動者在同一用人單位連續(xù)工作滿10年以上,當事人雙方同意續(xù)延勞動合同的,如果勞動者提出訂立無固定限期的勞動合同,應當訂立無固定限期的勞動合同。
第二十一條 勞動合同可以約定試用期。試用期最長不得超過6個月。
第二十二條 勞動合同當事人可以在勞動合同中約定保守用人單位商業(yè)秘密的有關事項。
第二十三條 勞動合同期滿或者當事人約定的勞動合同終止條件出現(xiàn),勞動合同即行終止。
第二十四條 經勞動合同當事人協(xié)商一致,勞動合同可以解除。
第二十五條 勞動者有下列情形之一的,用人單位可以解除勞動合同:
(一)在試用期間被證明不符合錄用條件的;
(二)嚴重違反勞動紀律或者用人單位規(guī)章制度的;
(三)嚴重失職、營私舞弊,對用人單位利益造成造成重大損害的;
(四)被依法追究刑事責任的。
第二十六條 有下列情形之一的,用人單位可以解除勞動合同,但是應當提前30日以書面形式通知勞動者本人:
(一)勞動者患病或者非因工負傷,醫(yī)療期滿后,不能從事原工作也不能從事由用人單位另行安排的工作的;
(二)勞動者不能勝任工作,經過培訓或者調整工作崗位,仍不能勝任工作的;
(三)勞動合同訂立時所依據(jù)的客觀情況發(fā)生重大變化,致使原勞動合同無法履行,經當事人協(xié)商不能就變更勞動合同達成協(xié)議的。
第二十七條 用人單位瀕臨破產進行法定整頓期間或者生產經營狀況發(fā)生嚴重困難,確需裁減人員的,應當提前30日向工會或者全體員工說明情況,聽取工會或者職工的意見,經向勞動行政部門報告后,可以裁減人員。
用人單位依據(jù)本條規(guī)定裁減人員,在6個月內錄用人員的,應當優(yōu)先錄用被裁減人員。
第二十八條 用人單位依據(jù)本法第二十四條、第二十六條、第二十七條的規(guī)定解除勞動合同的,應當依照國家有關規(guī)定給予經濟補償。
第二十九條 勞動者有下列情形之一的,用人單位不得依據(jù)本法第二十六條、第二十七條的規(guī)定解除勞動合同:
(一)患職業(yè)病或者因工負傷并被確認喪失或者部分喪失勞動能力的;
(二)患病或者負傷,在規(guī)定的醫(yī)療期內的;
(三)女職工在孕期、產期、哺乳期的;
(四)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他情形。
第三十條 用人單位解除勞動合同,工會認為不適當?shù)模袡嗵岢鲆庖?。如果用人單位違反法律、法規(guī)或者勞動合同,工會有權要求重新處理;勞動者申請仲裁或者提起訴訟的,工會應當依法給予支持和幫助。
第三十一條 有下列情形之一的,勞動者可以隨時通知用人單位解除勞動合同:
(一)在試用期內的;
(二)用人單位以暴力、威脅或者非法限制人身自由的手段強迫勞動的;
(三)用人單位未按照勞動合同約定支付勞動報酬或者提供勞動條件的。
第三十三條 企業(yè)職工一方與企業(yè)可以就勞動報酬、工作時間、休息休假、勞動安全衛(wèi)生、保險福利等事項,簽定集體合同。集體合同草案應當提交職工代表大會或者全體職工討論通過。
集體合同由工會代表職工與企業(yè)簽定;沒有建立工會的企業(yè),又職工推舉的代表與企業(yè)簽定。
第三十四條 集體合同簽定后應當報送勞動行政部門;勞動行政部門自收到集體合同文本之日起15日內未提出異議的,集體合同即行生效。
第三十五條 依法簽定的集體合同對企業(yè)和企業(yè)全體職工具有約束力。職工個人與企業(yè)訂立的勞動合同中勞動條件和勞動報酬等標準不得低于集體合同的規(guī)定。
第四章 工作時間和休息休假
第三十六條 國家實行勞動者每日工作時間不超過8小時、平均每周工作時間不超過44小時的工時制度。
第三十七條 對實行計件工作的勞動者,用人單位應當根據(jù)本法第三十六條規(guī)定的工時制度合理確定其勞動定額和計件報酬標準。
第三十八條 用人單位應當保證勞動者每周至少休息1日。
第三十九條 企業(yè)應生產特點不能實行本法第三十六條、第三十八條規(guī)定的,經勞動行政部門批準,可以實行其他工作和休息辦法。
第四十條 用人單位在下列節(jié)日期間應當依法安排勞動者休假:
(一)元旦;
(二)春節(jié);
(三)國際勞動節(jié);
(四)國慶節(jié);
(五)法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他休假節(jié)日。
第四十一條 用人單位由于生產經營需要,經與工會和勞動者協(xié)商后可以延長工作時間,一般每日不得超過1小時;因特殊原因需要延長工作時間的在保障勞動者身體健康的條件下延長工作時間每日不得超過3小時,但是每月不得超過36小時。
第四十二條 有下列情形之一的,延長工作時間不受本法第四十一條規(guī)定的限制:
(一)發(fā)生自然災害、事故或者因其他原因,威脅勞動者生命健康和財產安全,需要緊急處理的;
(二)生產設備、交通運輸線路、公共設施發(fā)生故障,影響生產和公眾利益,必須及時搶修的;
(三)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他情形。
第四十三條 用人單位不得違反本法規(guī)定延長勞動者的工作時間。
第四十四條 有下列情形之一的,用人單位應當按照下列標準支付高于勞動者正常工作時間工資的工資報酬:
(一)安排勞動者延長時間的,支付不低于工資的百分之一百五十的工資報酬;
(二)休息日安排勞動者工作又不能安排補休的,支付不低于工資的百分之二百的工資報酬;
(三)法定休假日安排勞動者工作的,支付不低于工資的百分之三百的工資報酬。
第四十五條 國家實行帶薪年休假制度。
勞動者連續(xù)工作1年以上的,享受帶薪年休假。具體辦法由國務院規(guī)定。
第五章 工 資
第四十六條 工資分配應當遵循按勞分配原則,實行同工同酬。
工資水平在經濟發(fā)展的基礎上逐步提高。國家對工資總量實行宏觀調控。
第四十七條 用人單位根據(jù)本單位的生產經營特點和經濟效益,依法自主確定本單位的工資分配方式和工資水平。
第四十八條 國家實行最低工資保障制度。最低工資的具體標準由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府規(guī)定,抱國務院備案。
第四十九條 確定和調整最低工資標準應當綜合參考下列因素:
(一)勞動者本人及平均贍養(yǎng)人口的最低生活費用;
(二)社會平均工資水平;
(三)勞動生產率;
(四)就業(yè)狀況;
(五)地區(qū)之間經濟發(fā)展水平的差異。
第五十條 工資應當以貨幣形式按月支付給勞動者本人。不得克扣或者無故拖欠勞動者的工資。
第五十一條 勞動者在法定休假日和婚喪假期間以及依法參加社會活動期間,用人單位應當依法支付工資。
第六章 勞動安全衛(wèi)生
第五十二條 用人單位必須建立、健全勞動衛(wèi)生制度,嚴格執(zhí)行國家勞動安全衛(wèi)生規(guī)程和標準,對勞動者進行勞動安全衛(wèi)生教育,防止勞動過程中的事故,減少職業(yè)危害。
第五十三條 勞動安全衛(wèi)生設施必須符合國家規(guī)定的標準。
新建、改建、擴建工程的勞動安全衛(wèi)生設施必須與主題同時設計、同時施工、同時投入生產和使用。
第五十四條 用人單位必須為勞動者提供符合國家規(guī)定的勞動安全衛(wèi)生條件和必要的勞動防護用品,對從事有職業(yè)危害作業(yè)的勞動者應當定期進行健康檢查。
第五十五條 從事特種作業(yè)的勞動者必須經過專門培訓并取得特種作業(yè)資格。
第五十六條 勞動者在勞動過程中必須嚴格遵守安全操作規(guī)程。
勞動者對用人單位管理人員違章指揮、強令冒險作業(yè),有權拒絕執(zhí)行;對危害生命安全和身體健康的行為,有權提出批評、檢舉和控告。
第五十七條 國家建立傷亡和職業(yè)病統(tǒng)計報告和處理制度。縣級以上各級人民政府勞動行政部門、有關部門和用人單位應當依法對勞動者在勞動過程中發(fā)生的傷亡事故和勞動者的職業(yè)病狀況,進行統(tǒng)計、報告和處理。
第七章 女職工和未成年工特殊保護
第五十八條 國家對女職工和未成年工實行特殊勞動保護。
未成年工是指年滿16周歲未滿18周歲的勞動者。
第五十九條 禁止安排女職工從事礦山井下、國家規(guī)定的第四級體力勞動強度的勞動和其他禁忌從事的勞動。
第六十條 不得安排女職工在經期從事高處、低溫、冷水作業(yè)和國家規(guī)定的第三級體力勞動強度的勞動。
第六十一條 不得安排女職工在懷孕期間從事國家國家規(guī)定的第三級體力勞動強度的勞動和孕期禁忌從事的勞動。對懷孕7個月以上的女職工,不得安排其延長工作時間和夜班勞動。
第六十二條 女職工生育享受不少于90天的產假。
第六十三條 不得安排女職工在哺乳未滿1周歲的嬰兒期間從事國家規(guī)定的第三級體力勞動強度的勞動和哺乳期禁忌從事的其他勞動,不得安排其延長工作時間和夜班勞動。
第六十四條 不得安排未成年工從事礦山井下、有毒有害、國家規(guī)定的第四級體力勞動強度的勞動和其他禁忌從事的勞動。
第六十五條 用人單位應當對未成年工定期進行健康檢查。
第八章 職業(yè)培訓
第六十六條 國家通過各種途徑,采取各種措施,發(fā)展職業(yè)培訓事業(yè),開發(fā)勞動者的職業(yè)技能,提高勞動者素質,增強勞動者的就業(yè)能力和工作能力。
第六十七條 各級人民政府應當把發(fā)展職業(yè)培訓納入社會經濟發(fā)展的規(guī)劃,鼓勵和支持有條件的企業(yè)、事業(yè)組織、社會團體和個人進行各種形式的職業(yè)培訓。
第六十八條 用人單位應當建立職業(yè)培訓制度,按照國家規(guī)定提取和使用職業(yè)培訓經費,根據(jù)本單位實際,有計劃地對勞動者進行職業(yè)培訓。
從事技術工種的勞動者,上崗前必須經過培訓。
第六十九條 國家確定職業(yè)分類,對規(guī)定的職業(yè)制度職業(yè)技能標準,實行職業(yè)資格證書制度,由經過政府批準的考核鑒定機構負責對勞動者實施職業(yè)技能考核鑒定。
第九章 社會保險和福
第七十條 國家發(fā)展社會保險,建立社會保險制度,設立社會保險基金,使勞動者在年老、患病、工傷、失業(yè)、生育等情況下獲得幫助和補償。
第七十一條 社會保險水平應當與社會經濟發(fā)展水平和社會承受能力相適應。
第七十二條 社會保險基金按照保險類型確定資金來源,逐步實行社會統(tǒng)籌。用人單位和勞動者必須依法參加社會保險,繳納社會保險費。
第七十三條 勞動者在下列情形下,依法享受社會保險待遇:
(一)退休;
(二)患??;
(三)因工傷殘或者患職業(yè)??;
(四)失業(yè);
(五)生育。
勞動者死亡后,其遺屬依法享受遺屬津貼。
勞動者享受社會保險待遇的條件和標準由法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定。
勞動者享受的社會保險金必須按時足額支付。
第七十四條 社會保險基金經辦機構依照法律規(guī)定收支、管理和運營社會保險基金,并負有使社會保險基金保值增值的責任。
社會保險基金監(jiān)督機構依照法律規(guī)定,對社會保險基金的收支、管理和運營實施監(jiān)督。
社會保險基金經辦機構和社會保險基金監(jiān)督機構的設立和職能由法律規(guī)定。
任何組織和個人不得挪用社會保險基金。
第七十五條 國家鼓勵用人單位根據(jù)本單位實際情況為勞動者建立補充保險。
國家提倡勞動者個人進行儲蓄性保險。
第七十六條 國家發(fā)展社會福利事業(yè),興建公共福利設施,為勞動者休息、修養(yǎng)和療養(yǎng)提供條件。
用人單位應當創(chuàng)造條件,改善集體福利,提高勞動者的福利待遇。
第十章 勞動爭議
第七十七條 用人單位與勞動者發(fā)生勞動爭議,當事人可以依法申請調解、仲裁、提起訴訟,也可以協(xié)商解決。
調解原則適用于仲裁和訴訟程序。
第七十八條 解決勞動爭議,應當根據(jù)合法、公正、及時處理的原則,依法維護勞動爭議當事人的合法權益。
第七十九條 勞動爭議發(fā)生后,當事人可以向本單位勞動爭議調解委員會申請調解;調解不成,當事人一方要求仲裁的,可以向勞動爭議仲裁委員會申請仲裁。當事人一方也可以直接向勞動爭議仲裁委員會申請仲裁。對仲裁裁決不服的,可以向人民法院提出訴訟。
第八十條 在用人單位內,可以設立勞動爭議調解委員會。勞動爭議調解委員會由職工代表、用人單位代表和工會代表組成。勞動爭議調解委員會主任又工會代表擔任。
勞動爭議經調解達成協(xié)議的,當事人應當履行。
第八十一條 勞動爭議仲裁委員會由勞動行政部門代表、同級工會代表、用人單位代表方面的代表組成。勞動爭議仲裁委員會主任由勞動行政部門代表擔任。
第八十二條 提出仲裁要求的一方應當自勞動爭議發(fā)生之日起60日內向勞動爭議仲裁委員會提出書面申請。仲裁裁決一般應在收到仲裁申請的60日內作出。對仲裁裁決無異議的,當事人必須履行。
第八十三條 勞動爭議當事人對仲裁裁決不服的,可以自收到仲裁裁決書之日起15日內向人民法院提起訴訟。一方當事人在法定期限內不起訴又不履行仲裁裁決的,另一方當事人可以申請強制執(zhí)行。
第八十四條 因簽定集體合同發(fā)生爭議,當事人協(xié)商解決不成的,當?shù)厝嗣裾畡趧有姓块T可以組織有關各方協(xié)調處理。
因履行集體合同發(fā)生爭議,當事人協(xié)商解決不成的,可以向勞動爭議仲裁委員會申請仲裁;對仲裁裁決不服的,可以自收到仲裁裁決書之日起15日內向人民法院提出訴訟。
第十一章 監(jiān)督檢查
第八十五條 縣級以上各級人民政府勞動行政部門依法對用人單位遵守勞動法律、法規(guī)的情況進行監(jiān)督檢查,對違反勞動法律、法規(guī)的行為有權制止,并責令改正。
第八十六條 縣級以上各級人民政府勞動行政部門監(jiān)督檢查人員執(zhí)行公務,有權進入用人單位了解執(zhí)行勞動法律、法規(guī)的情況,查閱必要的資料,并對勞動場所進行檢查。
縣級以上各級人民政府勞動行政部門監(jiān)督檢查人員執(zhí)行公務,必須出示證件,秉公執(zhí)法并遵守有關規(guī)定。
第八十七條 縣級以上各級人民政府有關部門在各自職責范圍內,對用人單位遵守勞動法律、法規(guī)的情況進行監(jiān)督。
第八十八條 各級工會依法維護勞動者的合法權益,對用人單位遵守勞動法律、法規(guī)的情況進行監(jiān)督。
任何組織和個人對于違反勞動法律、法規(guī)的行為有權檢舉和控告。
第十二章 法律責任
第八十九條 用人單位制定的勞動規(guī)章制度違反法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定的,由勞動行政部門給予警告,責令改正;對勞動者造成損害的,應當承擔賠償責任。
第九十條 用人單位違反本法律規(guī)定,延長勞動者工作時間的,由勞動行政部門給予警告,責令改正,并可以處以罰款。
第九十一條 用人單位有下列侵害勞動者合法權益情形之一的,由勞動行政部門責令支付勞動者的工資報酬、經濟補償,并可以責令支付賠償金:
(一)克扣或者無故拖欠勞動者工資的;
(二)拒不支付勞動者延長工作時間工資報酬的;
(三)低于當?shù)刈畹凸べY標準支付勞動者工資的;
(四)解除勞動合同后,未依照本法規(guī)定給予勞動者經濟補償?shù)摹?/p>
第九十二條 用人單位的勞動安全設施和勞動衛(wèi)生條件不符合國家規(guī)定或者未向勞動者提供必要的勞動防護用品和勞動保護設施的,由勞動行政部門或者有關部門責令改正,可以處以罰款;情節(jié)嚴重的,提請縣級以上人民政府決定責令停產整頓;對事故隱患不采取措施,致使發(fā)生重大事故,造成勞動者生命和財產損失的,對責任人員比照刑法第一百八十七條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
第九十三條 用人單位強令勞動者違章冒險作業(yè),發(fā)生重大傷亡事故,造成嚴重后果的,對責任人員依法追究刑事責任。
第九十四條 用人單位非法招用未滿16周歲的未成年人的,由勞動行政部門責令改正,處以罰款;情節(jié)嚴重的,由工商行政管理部門吊銷營業(yè)執(zhí)照。
第九十五條 用人單位違反本法對女職工和未成年工的保護規(guī)定,侵害其合法權益的,由勞動行政部門責令改正,處以罰款;對女職工或者未成年工造成損害的,應當承擔賠償責任。
第九十六條 用人單位有下列行為之一,由公安機關對責任人員處以15日以下拘留、罰款或者警告;構成犯罪的,對責任人員依法追究刑事責任:
(一)以暴力、威脅或者非法限制人身自由的手段強迫勞動的;
(二)侮辱、體罰、毆打、非法搜查和拘禁勞動者的。
第九十七條 由于用人單位的原因訂立的無效合同,對勞動者造成損害的,應當承擔賠償責任。
第九十八條 用人單位違反本法規(guī)定的條件解除勞動合同或者故意拖延不訂立勞動合同的,由勞動行政部門責令改正;對勞動者造成損害的,應當承擔賠償責任。
第九十九條 用人單位招用尚未解除勞動合同的勞動者,對原用人單位造成經濟損失的,該用人單位應當依法承擔連帶賠償責任。
第一百條 用人單位無故不繳納社會保險費的,由勞動行政部門責令其限期繳納;逾期不繳的,可以加收滯納金。
第一百零一條 用人單位無理阻撓勞動行政部門、有關部門及其工作人員行使監(jiān)督檢查權,打擊報復舉報人員的,由勞動行政部門或者有關部門處以罰款;構成犯罪的,對責任人員依法追究形事責任。
第一百零二條 勞動者違反本法規(guī)定的條件解除勞動合同或者違反勞動合同中約定的保密事項,對用人單位造成經濟損失的,應當依法承擔賠償責任。
第一百零三條 勞動行政部門或者有關部門的工作人員濫用職權、玩忽職守、徇私舞弊,構成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責任;不構成犯罪的,給予行政處分。
第一百零四條 國家工作人員和社會保險基金經辦機構的工作人員挪用社會保險基金,構成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責任。
第一百零五條 違反本法規(guī)定侵害勞動者合法權益,其他法律、行政法規(guī)已規(guī)定處罰的,依照該法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定處罰。
第十三章 附 則
第一百零六條 省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府根據(jù)本法和本地區(qū)的實際情況,規(guī)定勞動合同制度的實施步驟,抱國務院備案。
第一百零七條 本法自1995年1月1日起施行。
第三篇:2009年成人高考英語試題及答案(高起點)
第四模塊:作文 專題三十六 新材料作文
(測試時間:90分鐘)
閱讀并全面理解下面的材料,但可以選擇一個側面、一個角度構思,寫一篇不少于800字的作文。自主確定立意,確定文體,確定標題;不要脫離材料的含意作文,不要套作,不得抄襲。
題目是編者加的,只是為了便于識別,不代表話題。1.鑰匙與鎖
一把堅實的大鎖掛在大門上。鑰匙來了,它瘦小的身子鉆進鎖孔,那大鎖就啪的一聲開了。鐵棒奇怪的問:“為什么我費了那么大的力氣也打不開,而你卻輕而易舉地打開了呢?” 鑰匙說:“因為我最了解它的心??!”
2.發(fā)問的精神
青蛙見了蜈蚣,好奇地問:“蜈蚣大哥,我四條腿走路都很困難,你有上百條腿,走路時先邁哪一條腿呢?” 蜈蚣聽后說:“青蛙老弟,我一直就這么走路,從沒想過先邁哪一條腿,等我想一想再回答你。”
蜈蚣站立了幾分鐘,它一邊思考一邊向前,蹣跚了幾步,終于趴下去了。
它對青蛙說:“請你再也別問其它蜈蚣這個問題!我一直都在這樣走路,這根本不成問題!可現(xiàn)在你問我先移動哪一條腿,我也不知道了。搞得我現(xiàn)在連路都不會走了,我該怎么辦呢?”
3.慣性
有位老農把一頭大水牛拴在一個小小的木樁上。我走上前,對老農說:“大伯,它會跑掉的?!?老農呵呵一笑,語氣十分肯定地說:“它不會跑掉的,從來就是這樣?!?/p>
4.真與假
武漢百姓聯(lián)線2007年元月八日就一家醫(yī)院承諾9.9元治好感冒一事采訪了幾位市民,結果沒有一個相信;到該醫(yī)院去看感冒的病人也不多。
5.思想的三態(tài)
凡物有三種狀態(tài),思想也有三種狀態(tài)。
氣態(tài)的思想是風――它是頭腦中的過客,自由地來并自由地去,一般不會留下任何足跡
用心 愛心 專心
紀念或可供考古的文物。氣態(tài)的思想使人顯得活潑乃至年輕,但有時也會使人顯得有些漂萍無根乃至朝秦暮楚。
固態(tài)的思想是巖石――它是頭腦中護靈的門神,捍衛(wèi)著人生的信念。固態(tài)的思想不是每個人都有的――在一個世俗功利的社會中,許多人的頭腦中并沒有守護靈魂的門神。
液態(tài)的思想是水――它是頭腦中定而無定的河流的活水!液態(tài)的思想汩汩地流淌著,乃至不舍晝夜地流淌著,攜帶著超人智慧乃至創(chuàng)新思想的意志――既不散逸也不凝固的意志。
6.橘子的味道
我喜歡吃橘子,而我父親不喜歡吃。有時候我們勸他,橘子富含維生素C啊。他就強調說:“再好的橘子我也不喜歡吃,因為我根本就不喜歡橘子的味道?!?/p>
我覺得很遺憾,但他的話突然讓我有了想法。是的,作為一個橘子,哪怕是再好的橘子,也照樣有人不喜歡。這個世界上的人,各人都有自己所愛的蘿卜青菜,通往羅馬的道路有千千萬萬條,很多問題,不是單項選擇,答案往往豐富多彩。確定的世界是人為制造的,不確定的世界才是真實的世界。
7.追星
據(jù)《楚天都市報》3月29日訊:狂追劉德華13年的蘭州女歌迷楊麗娟,25日終于同劉德華合影,但她仍不滿足,為了圓女兒的追星夢,其父母節(jié)衣縮食,四處借錢,籌措路費,甚至賣掉了自家的唯一住房。為了讓劉德華單獨見女兒一面,68歲的父親楊勤冀竟然在香港跳海自殺。然而父親的死并沒有喚醒女兒的夢魘,她仍然堅持要見劉德華。
8.重拾信心
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)剛剛結束的時候,人間到處是一片廢墟。有兩個美國人,去訪問一家住在地下室內的德國居民。離開那里以后,兩個人在路上談起了觀感。甲問道:“你看他們能重建家園嗎?”乙說:“一定能?!奔子謫柕溃骸盀槭裁椿卮鸬眠@么肯定?”乙反問道:“你看見他們在黑暗的地下室的桌子上放著什么嗎?”甲說:“一瓶鮮花。”乙于是說:“任何一個民族,處在這樣困苦艱難的境地,還沒有忘記鮮花,那他們一定能在這片廢墟上重建家園?!?/p>
9.由誰領獎
下面是一幅關于由誰領獎的諷刺漫畫。
10.永遠第一
有個教授做過一項實驗:12年前,他要求他的學生進入一個寬敞的大禮堂,并自由找座位坐下。反復幾次后,教授發(fā)現(xiàn)有的學生總愛坐前排,有的則盲目隨意,四處都坐,還有
用心 愛心 專心
一些人似乎特別鐘情后面的座位。教授分別記下了他們的名字。10年后,教授的追蹤調查結果顯示:愛坐前排的學生中,成功的比例高出其他兩類學生很多。
后來,教授語重心長地對新生們說道:“不是說凡事一定要站在最前面,永遠第一,而是說這種積極向上的心態(tài)十分重要。在漫長的一生中,你們一定要勇爭第一,積極坐在前排呀!”
11.態(tài)度與人生
曾經有三個幫助報社謄寫文稿的年輕人。第一個沉默寡言,只是老老實實地抄寫文稿,錯字、別字也照抄不誤。第二個則非常認真,對每份文稿都先進行認真仔細地檢查然后才抄寫。遇到錯字、病句都要改正過來。第三個則與眾不同,他也仔細看每份文稿,但他只抄與自己意見相符的文稿,對那些意見不同的文稿則隨手扔掉,一句話也不抄。后來,三個人的命運各不相同,第一個人一直默默無聞;第二個人成為著名的歌詞作家;第三個人則掀起了一場轟轟烈烈的革命,成為建國的元勛。
12.琴聲
蘇軾有一首《琴詩》,詩云: “若言琴上有琴聲,放在匣內何不鳴? 若言聲在指頭上,何不于君指上聽?”那么,琴聲究竟是從哪里發(fā)出來的呢? 13.安寧
●一個小和尚和一個老和尚下山化緣。老和尚背一個姑娘過了河。小和尚一直不敢問,直到走了20里地,覺得太憋悶了,終于就問了,說師父啊我們是出家人,你怎么能背著那個姑娘過河呢?師父就神態(tài)安寧地告訴他:“你看我把她背過河就把她放下了,你在心里背了她20里地還沒放下。”
●所有外在的儀式都比不上一個內心的安寧,你越淡定越從容,越舍棄那樣一些看似激烈的、宏闊的、張揚的、外在的形式,而尊重安靜的、內心的聲音,也許你就會有更多的收獲。
●一個人的視力是有兩種功能的,一個是向外去無限寬廣地拓展世界,另外是向內無限深刻的去發(fā)現(xiàn)內心。孔夫子能夠交給我們快樂的秘訣就是去找到你內心的安寧?!x自于丹《論語心得》
14.創(chuàng)業(yè)
以下是“青年創(chuàng)業(yè)網”主頁上2006年11月發(fā)布的部分標題內容。首次創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗后:靠50元再創(chuàng)財富 06年11月22日
用心 愛心 專心
信心,伴我走在創(chuàng)業(yè)路上 06年11月22日
創(chuàng)業(yè):店鋪不怕小,生意不嫌小 06年11月22日
中國式創(chuàng)業(yè)最容易犯的100個錯誤 06年11月21日
創(chuàng)業(yè)之初的流浪,讓我學會堅強 06年11月21日
網吧——我剛開始創(chuàng)業(yè)的痛 06年11月21日
專家稱創(chuàng)業(yè)投資有捷徑可走 06年11月17日 15.留守兒童
有資料顯示,目前我國“留守兒童”已超過1000萬。這是一個特殊的群體,因親情缺失,他們往往敏感、自卑、膽怯。甘肅省定西市安定區(qū)婦聯(lián)的一項調查顯示,只有37.9%的留守兒童表示愿意和臨時監(jiān)護人說心里話。留守兒童在情感上最依戀的還是父母,親情饑渴現(xiàn)象嚴重。(2006年12月27日《中國青年報》)
●由于經濟原因,外出務工人員回家次數(shù)很少,長期分離和缺乏聯(lián)系使孩子在身心成長過程中無法得到父母的引導和關心,家長無法了解子女的心理變化。父母對子女的歉疚往往用物質彌補,子女的親情缺失導致對家長的怨恨,與家長溝通障礙加深。在長期情感缺失和心理失衡的影響下,許多農村留守孩子因“情感饑餓”而產生了厭世自閉、社會逆反、拜金主義等不良心理。(2005年11月《干部教育培訓網》)
16.物質誘惑
有兩塊蛋糕。有貪婪心的人說:我得馬上吃了它,我餓壞了。有感恩之心的人說:我得馬上把它送人,比我饑餓的人還很多呢。有涵養(yǎng)的人說:我可以先吃掉一塊,然后用另一塊去換一點鮮花。有商業(yè)頭腦的人說:我得先做廣告,然后高價賣出去。
17.成功的秘訣
一位禪師,一群弟子。一天禪師要求弟子到河對岸的南山各自砍一擔柴。弟子們領命而去。到達河邊,突遇山洪爆發(fā),眾弟子無功而返。禪師責備眾弟子,唯有一人神色坦然。禪師問其故,該弟子曰:我雖沒砍到柴,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)河邊有一棵蘋果樹,因此帶回了一些蘋果。最
用心 愛心 專心
后,該弟子成了禪師的衣缽傳人。
專題三十六參考答案
1、[導寫]這則材料我們可以聯(lián)想到:1.澆樹澆根,交人交心;解決思想矛盾,還得從打開心鎖入手;2.凡事要講求策略,按事物的規(guī)律辦事,不能一味蠻干;3.堡壘最容易從內部攻破。
2、【導寫】多角度思考往往是打開疑難問題思路的鑰匙,運用逆向思維的方法可聯(lián)想到:1.勇于質疑,勤于思考往往是成功的秘訣。2.要知其然更要知其所以然。3.挑戰(zhàn)規(guī)則,打破常規(guī)。
3、[導寫]小小的木樁為何能拴住一頭大水牛呢?原來約束這頭大水牛的并不是那個小小的木樁,而是它自己用慣性設置的精神枷鎖。想想看,這個世界,除了自己,還有誰能用一個小小的“木樁”拴住你呢?又有誰能使你超越自我?
4、【導寫】透過現(xiàn)象的背后,除了慣勢思維作怪外,虛假廣告,假冒偽劣,坑騙陷阱??讓人真假難辨,防不勝防,也是老百姓“一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩”的社會原因。宕開筆去,還可以關注一下醫(yī)療領域之外的類似問題,譬如教育費用、招工招商等等??傊?分析問題時要注意由點到面,舉一反三,以增加文章思想的廣度和深度。
5、【導寫】你的思想是哪一種狀態(tài)呢?你喜歡哪一種狀態(tài)的思想呢?你欣賞有哪一種思想的人呢?用文字為我們描述或評點一下吧,注意不要空談。
6、【導寫】以下題目或觀點可供參考:①別苛求自己 ②做個自己滿意的橘子 ③沒有最好,只有更好 ④我努力,我無悔 ⑤橘子的味道
7、【導寫】追星沒有不可,但應有一個“度”,應讓心中的偶像成為自己前進的動力。透過悲劇的背后,不也折射出家庭教育和社會教育的嚴重誤區(qū)么?作為“追星族”的父母們,該如何從中汲取教訓,引導孩子從盲目走向理智;作為教育部門和相關媒體,應引導孩子走出追星的盲區(qū),培養(yǎng)青少年從小樹立正確的人生觀。
8、[導寫]材料主要說明:有了信心,德國人就能在廢墟上重建家園。這個材料的角度還是比較多的,如信心對個人、民族和國家來說,能夠創(chuàng)造奇跡;如一個人總不能永遠處在生活事業(yè)的頂峰,往往會有低谷的時候,但如果有了信心,就能產生巨大的力量。比較好的標題如“只要信心不被打碎”。
9、[導寫]從畫面看,兩只母雞下蛋,所得到的榮譽卻截然不同。左邊的母雞下蛋少,把蛋壘得高高的,獲得了高產獎;而右邊那只下蛋多,因為不會擺弄,卻沒得獎。漫畫諷刺了社會上存在的實干家不如投機者的不公平的社會現(xiàn)象??梢粤⒁猓荷鐣獙嵤┒鄤诙嗟玫姆峙湓瓌t,反對投機取巧的歪風,應鼓勵實干的作風,反對只作表面文章,反對形式主義。
用心 愛心 專心
寫作時可以從下面幾個方面聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實:某些領導人為了追求政績的面子工程,形象工程。數(shù)字出官,數(shù)字出政績的現(xiàn)象;不注重真才實學,只注重面子的現(xiàn)象;注重表面不重內容實質的現(xiàn)象。
10、[導寫]這則材料可以轉換為話題――“坐在生活的前排”。審讀題意:“坐在生活的前排”,這是一種積極進取的生活態(tài)度,一種積極向上、不甘落后的心態(tài)。它是“敢為天下先”,它要求自己盡己所能,去爭取盡可能好的成績,去爭取成功,但并不奢望自己一定成功;盡了力就沒有遺憾,更不會后悔。
11、[導寫]要準確理解與把握材料,必需弄清三種不同的為人處事方面的相互區(qū)別及其本質。第一種人屬于老實辦事但缺少工作的主動性或主見一類;第二種人則屬于辦事認真負責,富有主人翁精神一類;第三種人則屬于辦事極富主見性與原則性一類。據(jù)此,我們可以從這三個不同的角度提煉出三種不同的寫作話題,比如“為人辦事要有主人翁精神”“辦事要有主見”“辦事要有思想與原則”等。也可以從整體上對材料加以考慮,可以提煉出“態(tài)度與人生”的寫作話題等。
12、【導寫】這首詩給我們以啟發(fā),藝術創(chuàng)造是主觀和客觀相統(tǒng)一的結果,事物間的相互作用非常重要。
13、[導寫]寫好本題,關鍵是要注意做到情感真摯。真正寫出自身對“安寧”的真切感悟來。因為“安寧”說到底還是一種內心情緒,是一種源自心靈深處的認知,因此,情感越到位,越真摯,文章才越成功。表現(xiàn)在具體的行文中,無論是記敘描寫,還是議論抒情,都應該圍繞真切感受來寫,這也是由中心議題的特征決定的。
14、[導寫]考生可以圍繞表格內容,理解到創(chuàng)業(yè)應該屢敗屢戰(zhàn),應該有信心,要堅強;應該從小處著手,重視原始創(chuàng)業(yè);認識到創(chuàng)業(yè)也要講究方法和技巧,有時也應該去尋找創(chuàng)業(yè)的捷徑;認識到IT創(chuàng)業(yè)的成與敗等等。
15、[導寫]材料給的是現(xiàn)實世界不能回避的“留守兒童”問題,可以從全面理解兩則材料的角度立意,思考怎樣對待“親情”;可以從“留守兒童”的角度立意,思考“親情”如何對待;可以從“務工父母”的角度立意,思考“親情”怎樣重構等等,角度可多元。
16、[導寫]商業(yè)社會怎樣對待“物質誘惑”,已經非常嚴峻地擺在每一個中學生的面前,怎樣去面對,意義十分重大。寫好本題,可以圍繞材料整體立意為“面對物質誘惑”,不同特點的人,態(tài)度是不一樣的;也可以圍繞其中的一個側面來立意,比如“應該拋棄私心,心懷感恩之心”,可以立意為“面對物質誘惑,也要追求精神生活”,甚至可以立意為“將蛋糕做大做強,值得提倡”等等,充分體現(xiàn)新材料作文的開放性與靈活性。
用心 愛心 專心
17、[導寫]當代中學生怎樣對待成功,以什么方式獲取成功,在新課標實施的當下,在素質教育的大背景下,已經顯得更為多元,本題具有一定的矯正功能。本題圍繞材料可以立意為“當人生既定目標遭遇挫折時,及時更改目標,也能獲得成功”,也可以圍繞“禪師與弟子”的關系來立意,顯示出一定的自由性。
18、[導寫]考生可以從調查的四個方面分別選點:別讓“高薪工作”使得學習帶上功利色彩;別讓“個人成功”蒙蔽了我們的視野和胸懷;別讓“實用主義”降低了我們的人生品位;期待“完美人生”,讓生活和世界更精彩。也可以圍繞幾個角度綜合立意,比如“高薪并不意味著真正的成功”“個人的成功意識讓實用主義蔓延”“摒棄動機和理想的狹隘主義,追求完美人生”“實用主義不可取,完美人格記心中”等。只要是圍繞圖表信息來立意,都應該是切題的。當然,個別考生可能正面肯定前三個方面的情況,比如“追求高薪有何錯?”“高薪工作奠定了完美人格的基礎”“只有個人成功才能走向人格完善”“實用主義也可取”等觀點,只有言之有理,并且符合人們評價社會的科學、理性的態(tài)度,都應該是切題的。
用心 愛心 專心 7
第四篇:2003年成人高考高起點英語試題及答案
2003年成人高考(高起點)英語試卷及答案
一.語音知識(共5小題;每題1.5分,共7.5分。)
在下列每組單詞中,有一個單詞的劃線部分與其他單詞的劃線部分的讀音不同。找出這個詞。
1.A.piece B.cheek C.dealt D.receive
2.A.glove B.stone C.globe D.spoke
3.A.flew B.knew C.threw D.grew
4.A.hotel B.hopeless C.holiday D.honest
5.A.society B.precious C.decision D.medicine 二.詞匯與語法知識(共25小題;每題1.5分,共37.5分。)
從每小題的四個選擇項中,選出最佳的一項。
6.Allen _______ any good job since he came to New York City two years ago.A.hasn't found B.didn‘t find
C.doesn't find D.hadn‘t found
7.“Let me _______ you,”said my boss,“you should call me immediately after you arrive at the airport.”
A.ask B.advise C.remember D.remind
8.The boys spent the whole morning _______ possible answers to the question.A.discuss B.and discussing
C.discussing D.and discussed
9.This village ______ to be the place in which Ernest Hemingway,one of the greatest American writers,wrote this story.A.is believing B.is believed
C.believes D.believe
10.It's reported that by the end of last month the sale of the company ______ by 10%.A.has risen B.had been rising
C.had risen D.has been rising
11.-How _________ will you be able to finish the painting?
-In a couple of hours.A.soon B.often
C.long D.fast
12.______ any friends in the city,he felt quite lonely and helpless.A.No to have B.No having
C.Not to have D.Not having
13.Dr.White was away to the South last month,so he didn't attend the meeting _______ in Beijing.A.having held B.to hold
C.to be held D.held
14._______ at his paper over the weekend,Neil didn't finish it.A.As he worked hard
B.Hard as he worked
C.How he worked hard
D.How hard he worked
15.-Are you satisfied with her work,sir?
-Not at all.It couldn't be any _______.A.better B.best
C.worse D.worst
16.That was _______ matter that I had no choice but to talk it over with my parents.A.a such serious B.a so serious
C.such serious a D.so serious a
17.This disease is second only _______ heart attack as a cause of death all over the world.A.to B.of
C.with D.from
18.The word is new to us.You'd better ______ in the dictionary.A.look at it B.look for it
C.look it up D.look it out
19.If there is no one _______ him with the preparation,he will have to put off the meeting.A.help B.to help
C.helps D.helped
20.As soon as she _______ open the letter,Mrs.White will find out what has happened to her husband.A.tears B.is tearing
C.will tear D.has torn
21.______ the government argees to give extra money,the theatre will have to be closed next month.A.Unless B.If
C.Since D As
22.To reduce weight,plastic has taken _______ of iron and steel in making boats.A.its place B.place
C.the place D.a place
23.-Let me help you with your suitcase.-________.A.You're very nice
B.Yes,you're so helpful
C.No,I can do
D.It's very kind of you
24.These three English novels are for you.The rest _______ for the other students in your class.A.were B.is
C.are D.was
25.You _______ have seen Jane in her office last Friday;she's been out of town for two weeks.A.couldn't B.mustn‘t
C.wouldn't D.shouldn‘t
26.Henry never said that he was good at maths,_______ he?
A.was B.did
C.didn't D.wasn‘t
27.The little girl showed the policeman the corner _______ she was knocked off her bike.A.and B.which
C.that D.where
28.The snow was so deep that the climbers could not ________ to the camp.A.get over B.get along
C.get through D.get around
29.In need of money,Bob had to take ______ job that was offered to him.A.whatever B.no matter what
C.whichever D.no matter which
30.My friend and I would like to go to the concert,but ________ of us has got a ticket.A.both B.none
C.neither D.all
三.完形填空(共20小題;每題1.5分,共30分)
通讀下面的短文,掌握其大意。然后,從每小題的四個選擇項中選出可填入相應空白處的最佳選項。
I once went to a town in the north of England on business.It was about 7:30 in the evening when I reached the hotel.The manageress,a strict old lady of about 60,showed me to my room.When I asked her what time dinner was,she said there was only one sitting at 6:30,and I had 31it.“Never mind,”I said.“I'm not very 32.I‘ll just have a drink in the bar(酒吧)and a sandwich.”
“Bar!”she 33her voice.“This is a respectable hotel,young man.If you want 34,you must go somewhere else.”She spoke 35a glass of beer was a dangerous drug.I went to a bar and had some beer and sandwiches and then went to the cinema.At about 11:30 I 36.Everything was in darkness.I knocked at the door,but nothing happened.The 37sound was the church clock opposite,which suddenly struck the half-hour with such 38that it made me jump.39a window opened upstairs.The old lady 40and asked me what was going on.I explained who I was and she let me 41after ten minutes'wait.She was in her nightdress.She told me seriously that guests were 42to be back in the hotel by 11 o‘clock.I went to bed but could not sleep.Every quarter of an hour the church clock struck and at midnight the whole hotel shook with the noise.Just before dawn,I finally 43.When I arrived at 44,everyone else had nearly 45and there was not enough coffee to go round.“Did you 46well,young man?”the old lady asked.“47,I don't think I could go through 48night in that room,”I replied.“I hardly slept at all.”
“That's because you were 49all night drinking!”she said angrily,putting 50to the conversation.31.A.had B.passed C.missed D.caught
32.A.hungry B.sleepy C.tired D.happy
33.A.lost B.lowered C.dropped D.raised
34.A.beer B.coffee C.milk D.tea
35.A.even if B.since C.although D.as if
36.A.went to bed B.walked to a club
C.returned to the hotel D.drove to a restaurant
37.A.only B.sharp C.sweet D.last
38.A.effort B.force C.power D.attraction
39.A.Firstly B.Wonderfully C.Unfortunately D.Finally
40.A.came out B.got up C.looked out D.woke up
41.A.down B.out C.back D.in
42.A.ordered B.expected C.taught D.encouraged
43.A.fell asleep B.went to bed C.got up D.gave in
44.A.a decision B.breakfast C.once D.the office
45.A.arrived B.done C.finished D.started
46.A.play B.sleep C.eat D.do
47.A.First of all B.Never mind C.To tell you the truth D.As a result
48.A.one B.another C.such D.any
49.A.away B.here C.down D.up
50.A.an end B.a saying C.a joke D.a pause
四.閱讀理解(共15小題;每題2分,共30分。)
閱讀下列短文,然后根據(jù)短文的內容從每小題的四個選擇項中選出最佳的一項。
A
There was a river with a small town on either side of it.The towns were linked by a bridge.One day,a hole appeared in the bridge.Both towns agreed that the hole should be mended.However,disagreement came up as to who should mend it.Each town thought that it had a better reason for the other to mend the hole.The town on the right bank said that it was at the end of the road,so the left-bank town should mend the hole.The town on the left bank,on the other hand,insisted that all the traffic came to the right-bank town,so it was in their interest to mend the bridge.The quarrel went on and on,and so did the hole.The more it went on,the more the hostility between the two towns grew.One day a man fell into the hole and broke his leg.People from both towns questioned him closely about whether he was walking from the right bank to the left or from the left bank to the right,in order to decide which town should be blamed for the accident.But he could not remember,since he got drunk that night.Some time later,a car was crossing the bridge and broke an axle(軸)because of the hole.Neither town paid any attention to the accident,as the traveler was not going from one to the other,but was merely passing through.The angry traveler got out of the car and asked why the hole was not mended.On hearing the reason,he declared,“I'll buy this hole.Who‘s the owner?”
Both towns at once declared that they owned the hole.“One or the other,whoever owns the hole must prove it.”
“How shall we prove it?”asked both sides.“That's simple.Only the owner of the hole has the right to mend it.I‘ll buy the hole from whoever mends the bridge.”
People from both towns rushed to do the job while the traveler smoked a cigar and his driver changed the axle.They mended the bridge in no time and asked for the money for the hole.“What hole?”The traveler looked surprised.“I can't see any hole.I‘ve been looking for a hole for several years now.I'm prepared to pay a good price for it,but there’s no hole here.Are you pulling my leg or what?”
He got into his car and drove off.51.What did the two towns quarrel about?
A.Which of them should mend the hole.B.Whether the hole should be mended.C.Why there was a hole in the bridge.D.When they should mend the hole.52.The man who had fallen into the hole failed to answer any questions because he ______.A.had one of his legs broken
B.was busy changing the axle
C.had drunk too much wine
D.was afraid to blame anybody
53.Both towns rushed to mend the hole in order to prove that ______.A.they owned the whole bridge
B.they had the right to sell the hole
C.they were able to mend the hole
D.they could afford to mend the hole
54.In“Are you pulling my leg or what?”,the phrase pulling my leg refers to ______.A.trying to stop me
B.laughing at me
C.putting me in trouble
D.making fun of me
B
Scientists have searched for many years for a method to tell whether a volcano(火山)explosion will be small or large.Now,four scientists say they have discovered something in lava(熔巖)that will help do this.They did the research on Mount Unzen on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu.Mount Unzen exploded in November,1990.Since then,more explosions have killed 43 people and destroyed the homes of more than 2,000 others.The volcano is still active today.The scientists say the lava of the volcano contains high level of an element(成份),which is a sign of the presence of the lava from deep in the earth,not from the surface.They say it shows that the lava coming directly from inside the earth is connected with huge explosions instead of smaller ones.The scientists examined the lava from 18 explosions of Mount Unzen that took place during many thousands of years.They also studied the lava from other volcanoes in the area that are older than Mount Unzen.The lava studied came from both large and small explosions.The scientists found that large explosions contained more of the element than small ones.The scientists say if they had known this two years earlier,they could have warned the people living in the area near Mount Unzen and saved many lives.55.From the passage we learn that Mount Unzen is the name of ______.A.a huge volcano explosion
B.a Japanese island
C.an active volcano
D.a kind of lava
56.The four scientists discovered that the level of the element contained in the lava could tell ______.A.the degree of a volcano explosion
B.the place of a possible explosion
C.the number of volcano explosions
D.the time of a possible explosion
57.The research of the four scientists was based on ______.A.the lava that caused explosions
B.the presence of the lava from the surface
C.the damages caused by the 1990 explosion
D.the lava from different explosions in the area
C
Have you ever argued with your loved ones over simple misunderstandings(誤解)?Little wonder.We often believe we're more skillful in getting our point across than we actually are,according to Boza Keysar,a professor at the University of Chicago.In his recent study,speakers tried to express their meanings using unclear sentences.Speakers who thought listeners understood were wrong nearly half the time.Here‘s some good advice to reduce misunderstanding:
(1)Don't trust what you see from the listener.Listeners often nod,look at you or say“uhhuh”to be polite or move the conversation along.But it‘s easy to consider these as signs of understanding.(2)Train the editor(編輯)in your head.If you say,“Beth discusses her problems with her husband,”it's not clear whether she‘s talking to her husband or about him.Try instead,“Beth talks to her husband about her problems.”or“Beth talks to others about the problems with her husband.”
(3)Ask listeners to repeat your message.Introduce your request by saying“I want to be sure I said that right.”Questions like“How does that sound?”or“Does that make sense?”may also work.(4)Listen well.When on the receiving end,ask questions to be sure you're on the same page.After all,it isn‘t just the speaker's job to make his speech understood.58.Why does the writer give us the advice?
A.We're not skillful enough to make clear sentences.B.Misunderstanding is damaging our normal lives.C.Misunderstanding occurs now and then.D.It's impolite to say NO to others.59.The writer suggests that when talking to others,the speaker should ______.A.know that listeners will show him that they understand his words
B.express himself clearly even when he sees signs of understanding
C.notice listener's signs of understanding
D.look directly into his listener's eyes
60.By Train the editor in your head,the speakers are advised _______.A.to get themselves trained by a good editor
B.to discuss problems with their husbands or wives
C.to express themselves in long but simple sentences
D.to make sure each sentence has only one meaning
61.In the last paragraph,the words you're on the same page mean that ______.A.you're following the speakers closely
B.you're reading the same page as the speaker does
C.you should know which page the speaker refers to
D.your story is written on the same page as the speaker's
B
While acting may run in the family,it wasn't Angelina Jolie‘s only choice when thinking about her future.Although Jolie has studied her craft(技藝)since childhood,at one point the 26-year-old,who stars this month in Tomb Raider with her father,actor John Voight,wanted to be a funeral(殯葬)director.“I thought that the crossing over could be a beautiful thing and a time of comfort when people could reach out to each other.”
Tradition(傳統(tǒng))is always attractive and interesting to Jolie,who moved with her mother,Marcheline Bertand,and brother after her parents separated when she was two.“I never had one home.I never had an attic(閣樓)that had old things in it.We always moved,so I was never rooted anywhere.And I always dreamed of having that attic of things that I could go back and have a look.I'm very drawn to some things that are tradition,that are roots,and I think that may be why I paid such special attention to funerals.”
Finally,she chose acting.“Following in my father's footsteps,”she says,“is an interesting thing,because I think we speak to each other through our work.You don‘t really know your parents in a certain way,and they don't really know you.So he can watch a film and see how I am as a woman,the way I’m dealing with a husband who's been hurt,or the way I‘m crying alone.”
“And it's the same for me:I can watch films of his and just see who he is.I‘ve learned to understand him as a person.”
62.The passage is about a woman who _______.A.was once a funeral director
B.is the leading actress in Tomb Raider
C.wants an attic to live in
D.was hurt by her husband
63.Which of the following can best support Tradition is always attractive and interesting to Jolie?
A.Jolie longed to have old things from her childhood.B.Having more than one home is always interesting to Jolie.C.Jolie's parents separated when she was very young.D.Tradition is always rooted somewhere.64.The words Following in my father's footsteps most probably mean ______.A.listening to my father's advice
B.taking my father as an example
C.walking after my father
D.looking for my father's footsteps
65.Angelina Jolie finally chose acting because she thought she and her father could _______.A.work together several months a year
B.bring into memory what happened in the past
C.pay attention to things they are interested in
D.get to know each other through their films
第II卷
注意事項:
1.第II卷共4頁,用鋼筆或圓珠筆直接答在試卷上。
2.答卷前將密封線內的項目填寫清楚。
五.補全對話(共5句;每句滿分為3分,共15分。)
根據(jù)中文提示,將對話中缺少的內容寫在線上。這些句子必須符合英語表達習慣。打句號的地方,用陳述句;打問號的地方,用疑問句。
提示:Jane和Michael商量周末去野餐。他們討論要去什么地方,帶些什么。Michael建議邀請John和他的女朋友參加。最后他們決定星期六早上8點出發(fā)。
Jane:How do you like the idea of having a picnic this Saturday?
Michael:Wonderful.But 66?
Jane:What about going to the Western Hills?It's quite cool there.Michael:That's a good idea.67to go with us?
Jane:OK.And we can ask them to prepare some drinks.Michael:68?
Jane:You'd better buy some fruit,and sandwiches.Michael:69?
Jane:I like oranges,watermelons,grapes,and bananas.Michael:70?
Jane:How about 8 in the morning?We can get there in an hour and a half.Michael:OK.I'll call John and tell him about our plan.六.書面表達(滿分30分)
假定你是John,將去上海旅游。寫一封信給你在上海的朋友張強,告訴他你將乘火車于10月21日上午8點到達上海,請他接站,并請他幫你安排21至24日的住宿(旅館最好靠近市中心,房間可以小一些,但不要太貴)。此外,你還要他幫你訂24日返回北京的火車票。
注意:詞數(shù)應為100左右。
Oct.15
Dear Zhang Qiang,__________________________________________________________________________
All the best,John
參考答案:
選擇題:
1.C2.A3.B4.D5.B6.A 7.D8.C9.B10.C11.A12.D 13.D14.B15.C16.D17.A18.C
19.B20.A21.A22.C23.D24.C 25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B 31.C32.A33.D34.A35.D36.C
37.A38.B39.D40.C41.D42.B 43.A44.B45.C46.B47.C48.B 49.D50.A51.A52.C53.B54.D
55.C56.A57.D58.C59.B60.D 61.A62.B63.A64.B65.D
五.補全對話:參考答案:
66.where shall we go / where shall we have the picnic
67.Shall we invite John and his girlfriend
68.What should I do then(for the picnic)
69.What kind of fruit should I buy(/ do you like)
70.When shall we start off / When shall we leave for the picnic
評分說明:
本題應補入5處,每處3分,共15分。補入的部分內容恰當、語句正確、通順的給滿分。與答案不同但意思、語言無錯誤的不扣分。大體正確的,給2分。句子結構或用詞有毛病但尚能達意的,給1分。句子結構或用詞有嚴重錯誤的,給0.5分或不給分。完全錯誤或只寫個別單詞的不給分。每句中的拼寫錯誤每1-2處扣0.5分,不倒扣分。
六.書面表達
(一)評分原則:
1.本題總分為30分,按5個檔次給分。
2.評分時,先根據(jù)文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次,然后以該檔次的要求來衡量,確定或調整檔次,最后給分。
3.詞數(shù)少于80和多于120的,從總分中減去2分。
4.評分時,應注意的主要內容為:內容要點、應用詞匯和語法結構的數(shù)量和 準確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。
5.拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面,評分時,應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
6.如書寫較差,以至影響交際,將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。
(二)內容要點:
1.去上海旅游;
2.到達的時間,請接站;
3.安排住宿;
4.要求旅館靠近市中心,不能太貴,房間可以小一些;
5.訂返回北京的車票。
(三)各檔次的給分范圍和要求:
第五檔(很好):(25-30分)
完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
--覆蓋所有內容要點。
--應用了較多的語法結構和詞匯。
--語法結構或詞匯方面有些許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致;具備較強的語言運用能力。
--有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使全文結構緊湊。
完全達到了預期的寫作目的。
第四檔(好):(19-24分)
完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
--雖漏掉了1、2個次重點,但覆蓋所有主要內容。
--應用的語法結構和詞匯能滿足任務的要求。
--語法結構或詞匯方面應用基本準確,些許錯誤主要是因嘗試較復雜語法結構或詞匯所致。
--應用簡單的語句間連接成分,使全文結構緊湊。
達到了預期的寫作目的。
第三檔(適當):(13-18分)
基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務
--雖漏掉一些內容,但覆蓋所有主要內容。
--應用的語法結構和詞匯能滿足任務的要求。
--有一些語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤,但不影響理解。
--應用簡單的語句間連接成分,使全文內容連貫。
整體而言,基本達到了預期的寫作目的。
第二檔(較差):(7-12分)
未恰當完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內容,寫了一些無關內容。
語法結構單調、詞匯項目有限。
有一些語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤,影響了對寫作內容的理解。
較少使用語句間的連接成分,內容缺少連貫性。
信息未能清楚地傳達給讀者。
第一檔(差):(1-6分)
未完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
明顯遺漏主要內容,寫了一些無關內容,原因可能是未理解試題要求。
語法結構單調、詞匯項目有限。
較多語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤,影響對寫作內容的理解。
缺乏語句間的連接成分,內容不連貫。
信息未能傳達給讀者。
0分
未能傳達給讀者任何信息:內容太少,無法評判;寫的內容均與所要求內容無關或所寫內容無法看清。
(四)說明:
1.內容要點可用不同方式表達。
2.對緊扣主題的適當發(fā)揮不予扣分。
(五)One possible version:
Oct.15
Dear Zhang Qiang,How are you doing recently?I‘m planning to go to Shanghai and look around in the city for a few days.I’ll take the train and arrive at 8 o‘clock a.m.on October 21st.Will you please come and meet me at the station?I’m going to stay in Shanghai till October 24th.Please help me book a hotel room.I hope to stay in a hotel around the downtown area but the price shouldn‘t be very high.I don’t mind if the room is small.Another thing.Can you book a ticket for me back to Beijing on 24th?
All the best,John
第五篇:2006年成人高考英語試題及答案下(高起點)
2006年成人高考英語試題及答案下(高起點)7
一、從下列各句四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。(每小題1分,共10分)1.I'm wondering why he hasn't turned _____ at the meeting.A.down B.up C.out D.over
2._____, I couldn't get a job in this company.A.Try as I might B.As I might try C.Try though I might D.I might try
3.It is a well-known fact ______ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.A.that B.if C.when D.whether
4._____, Mary went out with delight.A.With her homework doing B.With her homework done C.Her homework was done D.Done her homework
5.Contrary ______ popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite.A.on B.at C.against D.to
6.______ the storm, we have to postpone the flight.A.Owing to B.Thanks to C.Because D.As
7.By using both ears one can tell the direction _____ a sound comes.A.in which B.from which C.over which D.with which
8.When she worked with the government, she _____ the difficult task of monitoring elections.A.overworked B.overtook C.underwent D.undertook
9.Apparently, it wasn't an accident.Someone must have done it on ______.A.intention B.determination C.purpose D.reason
10.The young doctor could not sleep at night, the worsening condition of a patient _____ him.A.disturbing B.disturbed C.being disturbed D.to disturb
二、下列短文中有十個空白,每個空白有四個選項。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案(每選項1分,共10分)
Sometimes people find really wonderful things when they are not looking 11 them.One example was John Colter.Colter was a mountain man who lived 12 in the Rocky Mountains of the United States.He loved to walk in the mountains, but one day in 1803 he saw a strange 13.Water was shooting high into the air and 14 into a green pool.It was a natural water fountain.Colter found other pools of blue water.Some of the pools were hot.The chemicals in the water made a beautiful color, 15 they also made it smell bad.16 there were large, clear lakes and spectacular waterfalls on cold, clear
第 1 頁 mountain rivers.Colter was excited, so he told 17 about the place.18 , the other people did not believe him.They thought that he was a dreamer, a fool.19 they saw these wonders, they too were excited.Today the place Colter 20 is known as Yellowstone Park.11.A.forward B.for C.upon D.into
12.A.along B.alive C.alone D.lonely
13.A.sight B.site C.glimpse D.glance
14.A.fall B.falling C.to fall D.falls
15.A.but B.and C.thus D.so
16.A.Nearly B.Near C.Next to D.Nearby
17.A.the other B.others C.another D.each other
18.A.Then B.However C.Therefore D.Consequently
19.A.Since B.Before C.After D.While
20.A.initiated B.invented C.created D.discovered
三、從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案。(每選項2分,共30分)
Passage One
Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history.An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe.It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity(特性)of time and space and so on — but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame.He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin.He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War.Einstein hated violence.The misery of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research.Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In the years following the First World War, honors were increasingly heaped on him.He became the head of the Kaiser Whilhem Institute of Theoretical Physics.In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics, and he was highly honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism(納粹主義)when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.21.The first paragraph is mainly about _____.A.a new outlook of the universe
B.the feelings of an American college president
C.the change in human thought caused by Einstein
D.the difficulty in teaching Einstein's theory
22.From the second paragraph, we know Albert Einstein ____.A.enjoyed world popularity
B.was the head of an academy
C.was a famous teacher
D.enjoyed studying wars
23.Which of the following statements about Einstein is true?
A.He achieved more than any other scientists in history.B.Our ideas about the universe differ from one another because of him.C.He kept working until peace came in 1918.第 2 頁
D.His research practically stopped during the First World War.24.In the years following the First World War, _____.A.Einstein began to be accepted even by ordinary men
B.more and more honors were granted to Einstein
C.Einstein became the head of the Prussian Academy of Science
D.Einstein was not honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism
25.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A.Albert Einstein was interested in nothing but science
B.Einstein was forced to serve in the German army
C.Einstein made a lot more breakthroughs in his research after the First World War
D.his reputation was ruined because of Nazism
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Could you imagine your parents choosing your husband or wife for you? And can you imagine not setting eyes on him or her until your wedding day? This situation is common in India, the Middle East and many parts of Africa.Marriage customs around the world often differ from our own.We don't realize that people in other places often get married in very different ways — and with different motives.In many countries, marriage is a practical matter.A marriage provides a safe and stable home for the husband and wife.It also joins two families, which benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy.Marriage also brings children, making sure the couple will be taken care of in old age.Because a marriage is important for the whole family, some cultures don't let young people choose whom to marry.Just as there are many different reasons for marriage, there are also many different wedding rituals.Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple.In a typical Western wedding, the bride seeks good luck by wearing “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue.” Something old represents the past.Something new represents success in the future.Something borrowed reminds the bride she can get help from her friends and family.And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband.In Poland, one wedding tradition is not only lucky, but also very practical.The wedding guests pin money to the bride's dress while she is dancing.The money is meant to bring kick and to help the young couple build their new life.In Bermuda, the young couple plants a tree in the yard of their new home.Once they move in, they take good care of the tree and make it grow.The planting of the tree is a good metaphor(比喻)for marriage.A truly good marriage is something that grows with care.26.Which of the following statements DOES NOT support the idea that marriage is a practical matter? A.The couple may have a safe and stable home through their marriage.B.The parents had better help their children choose whom to marry.C.A marriage benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy.D.A marriage brings children who will take care of the couple when they are old.27.The word “rituals”(para.3, line 2)means _____.A.forms B.customs C.traditions D.ceremonies
第 3 頁 28.In a typical Western wedding, the bride wears something blue to ________.A.seek good luck B.represent the past
C.represent success in the future D.remind her to be true to her husband
29.Although cultures differ in different countries, one thing in common when a young couple gets married is that _____.A.people wish them to take care of each other
B.people wish them to get practical benefits from the marriage C.people wish them to have good luck in their new life
D.people wish them to make money at the wedding ceremony
30.Which of the following statements best summarizes the subject of this passage? A.People across the world get married in different ways and for different reasons.B.Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the young couple.C.A truly good marriage is something that grows with care.D.In many countries, marriage is a practical matter.Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.While popular in the U.S., the April Fool's Day tradition is even more prevalent in European countries, such as France and Great Britain.Although the roots of the traditional tricking are unclear, the French and the British both have claims on the origin of the celebration.One theory holds that the first April Fool's Day was on April 1 of the year when King of France instituted(設立)the new calendar.This new system placed the day that had formerly been the first day of a new year on April 1.Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year's Day on what had become the first day of April.Thus, they became the first April fools.An English story about the day, however, holds that it began sometime during the 1200s.At the time, King John of England was in the habit of making a road out of nearly every path he walked regularly.The citizens of one particular farm village were aware of this.To avoid having their green pastures(牧場)disturbed with one of king's roads, they built a fence that prevented the king from walking through their countryside.The king sent a group of messengers(信使)to inform the villagers that they must remove the barrier.Upon hearing that the king was planning to do this, however, the villagers developed a plan of their own.When the messengers arrived, they found what appeared to be a community of mad people, with people behaving in a strange manner, throwing things and running around wildly.The messengers, alarmed at what they found, reported to King John that these people were so mad as to be beyond punishment.So, the villagers saved their farmland by tricking the King.In Great Britain, tradition only allows April Fool's tricks from midnight to noon on April 1.Those who try to play tricks in the afternoon become the fools themselves.31.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? A.April Fool's Day is more popular in the U.S.B.April Fool's Day is more popular in France and Great Britain.C.No one is sure where the tradition of celebrating April Fool's Day originated.D.The celebration of April Fool's Day originated from both France and Great Britain.32.According to the second paragraph, many people continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April 1, because _____.A.they knew nothing about the new calendar B.they didn't want to accept the new calendar
第 4 頁 C.they wanted to receive gifts from their friends D.they wanted to become the first April fools
33.The word “holds”(para.3, line 1)means “_____”, A.supports B.conducts C.contains D.believes
34.The third paragraph tells how the citizens of one particular farm village in England saved their farmland by ______.A.building a fence
B.throwing things to the messengers C.tricking the king
D.lighting with the messengers
35.What is the main idea of paragraph three?
A.How the tradition of celebrating April Fool's Day originated in Great Britain.B.How the citizens of one particular farm village saved their land from the king.C.King John of England wanted to make a road through one particular farm village.D.In Great Britain, tradition allows April Fool's tricks from midnight to noon.四、將下列漢語單詞譯成英語。作為提示,每個詞的詞類和 第一個字母以及用短線表示的其余字母數(shù),已給出。(共20分)36.分析v.a_ _ _ _ _ _
37.簡歷;摘要n.r_ _ _ _ _
38.私有的;私立的;a.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _
39.轉移;替換n./v.s_ _ _ _
40.擔保;保證v.e_ _ _ _ _
41.追趕;尋求v.p_ _ _ _ _
42.坦率地;直率地ad.f_ _ _ _ _ _
43.相當?shù)?;公正地ad.f_ _ _ _ _
44.誤導;帶錯路;v.m_ _ _ _ _ _
45.主題;主旋律n.t_ _ _ _
46.網狀物;網絡n.n_ _ _ _ _ _
47.聯(lián)合;工會n.u_ _ _ _
第 5 頁 48.功能;作用n.f_ _ _ _ _ _ _
49.雇傭;使用v.e_ _ _ _ _
50.傷殘的 a.d_ _ _ _ _ _
51.目標;進球n.g_ _ _
52.永恒地;經常地ad.c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
53.鼓舞v.i_ _ _ _ _ _
54.無價值的;無用的a.w_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
55.自由(權)n.l_ _ _ _ _ _ _
五、將括號內的各詞變?yōu)檫m當?shù)男问健#ü?0分)
56.It was imperative that students ______(finish)their papers before July 1st.57.So far, Irving ____(live)in New York City for ten years.58.The patient _____(send)to another hospital before we got there.59.The __________(far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes.60.With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn't resist ____(take)four pounds.61.Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and _____(advance)it at night.62.When ________(give)the chance, it is quite possible for him to fulfill the task within ten days.63.I'll be only too pleased _ ___(help)out those who are in difficulty.64.Television is another major instrument of communication, ____(permit)us to see as well as to hear the performer.65.It is high time that we _____(take)firm measures to protect our environment.六、將下列各句翻譯成英語。(共15分)
66.我工作了一整天,所以你來看我時,我很疲倦。
67.高薪和福利都不能取悅工人們。
68.我更喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)村,因為那里空氣污染不太嚴重。
69.每個人都可以培養(yǎng)自己的興趣。
70.絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)學上的重大進步都是建立在動物研究基礎上的。
第 6 頁
七、將下列短文翻譯成漢語。(共15分)
Some animals that cannot see can still tell the difference between light and darkness, while others can react to chemicals, which is something like smelling and tasting.However, there may be a sense that we know nothing about, for otherwise it is very hard to explain how birds, animals and even insects and fish manage to travel long distances without losing their way.Only man can tell his companions exactly what he wants, for he has the wonderful gift of speech;but many of the larger animals can show that they are hungry or frightened or pleased by making sounds that we have learned to recognize, such as a roar.Even man still uses animal-like sounds when he laughs or sighs.Some animals can get further than these simple noises.For instance, a bird song is much more elaborate, for it tells other males to keep away, while at the same time inviting a female to come closer.Birds have other calls which warn of danger or help to keep the flock(鳥群)together.Of course, a parrot does not understand what it is saying when it imitates the human voice.第 7 頁