第一篇：外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)常用語(yǔ)

When could you introduce me to your sister company?

什么時(shí)候把貴公司的兄弟公司介紹給我們？

Would you please introduce us to some of the most reliable exporters of Chinese handicrafts?

請(qǐng)向我們推薦一些最可靠的中國(guó)手工藝品出口商，可以嗎？

If you are interested in dealing, with us in other products of our company, please inform us of your requirements as well as your banker’s name and address.如果你們有意經(jīng)營(yíng)我公司其他產(chǎn)品，請(qǐng)告知你方要求及往來(lái)銀行的名稱(chēng)和地址。

Because of the rapid development of our business in Asia, we think it’s necessary to open a branch at the following address.鑒于我們?cè)趤喼薜貐^(qū)業(yè)務(wù)的迅速發(fā)展，有必要在下列地點(diǎn)設(shè)立分公司。

We’ve often expressed our interest in investing in China.我們一直對(duì)在中國(guó)投資很感興趣。

Our abundant resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages they invest here.我們豐富的資源和穩(wěn)定的政策為外商投資提供了有利條件。

Thank you for your manner of business cooperation.我們對(duì)你們的合作態(tài)度非常滿(mǎn)意。

We have been working on expanding our scope of.我們一直努力設(shè)法擴(kuò)大與中國(guó)的合作范圍。

We believe in long-term cooperation with China because we view the future as bright.我們相信與中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期合作的前途是光明的。

Words and Phrases

trade prospects/outlook 貿(mào)易前景

trade cooperation 貿(mào)易合作

technological cooperation 技術(shù)合作

business cooperation 業(yè)務(wù)合作

cooperative relationship 合作關(guān)系

the scope of cooperation 合作范圍

Additional Words and Phrases

trade fair 貿(mào)易展銷(xiāo)會(huì)

trade show 貿(mào)易展覽

trade agreement 貿(mào)易協(xié)議

to establish arrangement 達(dá)成協(xié)議

to reach an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議

trade terms/clause 貿(mào)易條款

trade balance 貿(mào)易平衡

to conclude a business transaction 達(dá)成貿(mào)易交易

to work with 與...共事

business activities 經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)

business house 商行；商號(hào)

trading department/mechanics 貿(mào)易機(jī)構(gòu)

trade association 貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)

the foreign trade department 對(duì)外貿(mào)易部門(mén)

C.C.P.I.T.(China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)

中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)會(huì)

Commercial Counselor’s Office

中國(guó)使館的商務(wù)處

Chamber of Commerce 商會(huì)

trading partnership 經(jīng)營(yíng)合伙人

foreign trade personnel 外貿(mào)工作者

trading center 貿(mào)易中心

trading market 貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)

tradesman/trade peoples 商人，零售商

第二篇：外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)《開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)與自我介紹》

As you are one of the leading importers in......we have pleasure in contacting you in the hope of establishing business relationsand rendering you assistance in a wide range ofyour requirements.譯文：鑒于你們是……的主要進(jìn)口商之一，特此聯(lián)系，盼能建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，以有助于你們滿(mǎn)足各項(xiàng)需求。

We understand that you are interested in both the import and export of......and it is on this subject that we wish to introduce ourselves in thehope of establishing mutually beneficial business relations between our two corporations.譯文：了解到你們對(duì)……（商品）的進(jìn)口和出口都感興趣，故愿自薦，希望在我們兩公司間建立互利的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

The high reputation, which you are enjoying as......importers, has rendered us desirous of entering into business relations with you.Accordingly,we introduce ourselves to you by sending you our catalogs and price-lists.譯文：你公司是信譽(yù)卓著的……進(jìn)口商，我公司極愿與你公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。為此，我們現(xiàn)在寄去商品目錄和價(jià)目單，用以向你公司毛遂自薦。

The commodities we are handling consist of the manufactures of the firstrate......of this country, and so we are in a good position to serveyour customers with the most reliable quality ofthe line you suggest.譯文：我們經(jīng)營(yíng)的商品包括本國(guó)第一流……制造商，因此，我們有良好條件就你們提出的商品，向你們的顧客提供質(zhì)量最可靠的商品。

Specializing in the export of.......we express our desire to trade with you in this line.譯文：我們專(zhuān)門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)……出口，愿與你們進(jìn)行交易。

Our lines are mainly.......譯文：我們的主要業(yè)務(wù)是……。

We have been in this line of business formany years.譯文：我們經(jīng)營(yíng)這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)已有多年。

The purpose of this letter is to explore thepossibilities of developing trade with you.譯文：本信目的是探索與你們發(fā)展貿(mào)易的可能性。

We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchanging what one has for whatone needs.譯文：我們?cè)冈谄降然ダ?、互通有無(wú)的基礎(chǔ)上與你公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

We wish to establish friendly business relationswith you to enjoy a share of mutually profitablebusiness.譯文：我們?cè)概c你們建立友好業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，分享互利的交易。

We wish to enter into direct negotiation withyou with a view to introducing your speciallines in our market.譯文：盼直接洽談，以便將你公司特種經(jīng)營(yíng)商品引進(jìn)我地市場(chǎng)。

We are interested in the possibility of establishingsources of supply of.......from the People’s Republicof China.譯文：我們有意向中華人民共和國(guó)尋求……供應(yīng)來(lái)源的可能性.We advise you to make use of our experience and special knowledge on trial.譯文：建議試試?yán)靡幌挛覀兊慕?jīng)驗(yàn)和專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)。

We trust that our experience in foreign trade and intimate knowledge of international market conditions will entitle us to your confidence.譯文：相信我公司的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及對(duì)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)情況的熟悉，可能使我們有資格得到你們的信任。

Being closely connected with reliable wholesalers here, we shall be able to do considerable import business with you.譯文：我公司與此地可靠的批發(fā)商有密切聯(lián)系，能與你公司作可觀的進(jìn)口業(yè)務(wù)。

We are able to quote you very advantageous terms.譯文：我們能開(kāi)報(bào)十分優(yōu)惠的條款。來(lái)源:考試大-外銷(xiāo)員考試

第三篇：外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)：開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)與自我介紹

實(shí)惠網(wǎng)外貿(mào)平臺(tái)歡迎您的到來(lái)！

外貿(mào)實(shí)戰(zhàn)英語(yǔ)：開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)語(yǔ)自我介紹

從中華人民共和國(guó)駐…大使館商務(wù)參贊處獲悉貴公司名稱(chēng)和地址，現(xiàn)借此機(jī)會(huì)與貴方通信，意在達(dá)成一些實(shí)際交易為開(kāi)端，以建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

1.Having had your name and address from the Commercial Counselor’s office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in……，we now avail ourselves of this opportunity to write to you and see if we can establish business relations by a start of some Practical transactions.從中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)會(huì)獲悉，你們有意采購(gòu)電器用具。

2.We have heard from China Council for the Promotion of International Trade that you are in the market for Electric Appliances.駐貴地的中國(guó)領(lǐng)事向我們介紹，你公司是…生產(chǎn)…（商品）的大出口商。

3.Your name has been recommended to us by the Chinese Consul stationed in your city as large exporters of …… goods produced in ……

從…獲悉你們行名及地址并了解你們是……有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的進(jìn)口商。現(xiàn)向你們開(kāi)報(bào)…，盼能在貴地市場(chǎng)推銷(xiāo)。

4.From ……，we have obtained your name and address and understand that you are experienced importers of …… We have pleasure in offering you …… of which we would appreciate your pushing the sale on your market.從…獲悉你公司專(zhuān)門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)…，現(xiàn)愿與你公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

5.We learn from …… that your firm specializes in ……，and would like to establish business relationship with you.承……的介紹，獲悉你們是……有代表性的進(jìn)口商之一。

6.Through the courtesy of…… we have learned that you are one of the representative importers of ……

據(jù)紐約司密斯公司所告，得悉你公司名稱(chēng)和地址，并得知你們…日本東京商會(huì)已把你行介紹給我們。

7.Your name and address has been given to us by Messrs.J.Smith &；amp； Co.，Inc.，in New York，who have informed us that your firm has been recommended to us by the Chamber of Commerce in Tokyo，Japan.承貴地…銀行通知，你們是…的主要進(jìn)口商（出口商），并有意與中國(guó)進(jìn)行這些方面的貿(mào)易。

9.The…… Bank in your city has been kind enough to inform us that you are one of the leading importers（exporters）of …… and are interested in trading with China in these lines ……

據(jù)了解，你們是中國(guó)…（商品）有潛力的買(mǎi)主，而該商品正屬我們的業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍。

10.We are given to understand that you are potential buyers of Chinese ……，which comes within the frame of our business activities.通過(guò)貴國(guó)最近來(lái)訪的貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)，我們了解到你們是信譽(yù)良好的…進(jìn)口商，現(xiàn)發(fā)信給你們，盼能不斷地接到你們的定單。

11.Through your trade delegation that recently paid a visit to this country，we learned that you are well-established importers of …… and are writing to you in the hope of receiving your orders from time to time.我們欣然寄發(fā)這封自薦信，希望是互利關(guān)系的前奏。

12.We are glad to send you this introductory letter，hoping that it will be the prelude to mutually beneficial relations between us.我們有幸自薦，盼望能有機(jī)會(huì)與你們合作，擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)。

13.We have the Pleasure to introduce ourselves to you with the hope that we may have an opportunity of cooperating with you in your business extension.我們冒昧通信，以期待與貴公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

14.We take the liberty of writing to you with a view to building up business relations with your firm.現(xiàn)向貴司自我介紹，我們是國(guó)營(yíng)公司，專(zhuān)門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)輕工業(yè)品。

15.We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state operated corporation dealing exclusively in Light Industrial Goods.也許你們已有所知，我們是國(guó)營(yíng)公司，經(jīng)營(yíng)……（商品）的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。

16.As you may be well aware，we are a state-operated corporation handling such items as …… in both import and export business.外貿(mào)平臺(tái)-實(shí)惠網(wǎng)()整理資料系列

最新外貿(mào)平臺(tái)實(shí)惠網(wǎng)sfyh.com 火熱推出-自主B2C店鋪,所有精品店鋪模板目前完全免費(fèi),實(shí)惠網(wǎng)官方外貿(mào)群：112301572；博客交流：

http://xinzhihuan123.blog.tianya.cn)

更多外貿(mào)資料，歡迎訪問(wèn)實(shí)惠網(wǎng)外貿(mào)論壇（http://bbs.sfyh.com）。

第四篇：外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)

寧波外貿(mào)分析

摘要：簡(jiǎn)要介紹了中國(guó)寧波外貿(mào)的大背景和優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足，介紹了寧波面臨的困難和解決辦法及黃巖島問(wèn)題對(duì)寧波外貿(mào)對(duì)影響

關(guān)鍵詞：寧波；困難；黃巖島問(wèn)題；優(yōu)勢(shì)；寧波外貿(mào)的大背景

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，我國(guó)的外貿(mào)迅猛發(fā)展?！笆濉逼陂g我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)年均增長(zhǎng)24.6％，遠(yuǎn)高于同期世界貿(mào)易和我國(guó)GDP增長(zhǎng)速度，2005年我國(guó)進(jìn)出口總值達(dá)到14221億美元，外貿(mào)規(guī)模全球排名第三。中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易極大提升中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和綜合國(guó)力，為中國(guó)融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)起到不可估量作用。與此同時(shí)，“中國(guó)制造”產(chǎn)品在很多國(guó)家成了中低檔產(chǎn)品的代名詞，國(guó)際上，遭遇各種貿(mào)易壁壘，反傾銷(xiāo)，貿(mào)易糾紛不斷。國(guó)內(nèi)方面，資源消耗比重過(guò)高，能源緊缺。而實(shí)際上，中國(guó)貿(mào)易利益有限，出現(xiàn)了“中國(guó)制造”的尷尬：8億件襯衫才換回一架波音，而且“順差在中國(guó)，利潤(rùn)在歐美”。究其原因，中國(guó)外貿(mào)主要依靠出口規(guī)模和數(shù)量為主，外貿(mào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力僅體現(xiàn)在以勞動(dòng)密集型和資源密集型的粗放型產(chǎn)品上。在以后較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)，如何從貿(mào)易大國(guó)走向貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)，提升外貿(mào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，是中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的主要任務(wù)。在中國(guó)外貿(mào)大背景下：相比國(guó)內(nèi)其他城市，寧波外貿(mào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力較強(qiáng)。充分發(fā)揮比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，在很多勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)和部分資本技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)密集的生產(chǎn)制造環(huán)節(jié)取得了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，如紡織服裝、輕工文具和小家電，汽車(chē)配件等。在附加值較高的設(shè)計(jì)和流通環(huán)節(jié)，高新技術(shù)、品牌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力還處于劣勢(shì)。寧波現(xiàn)今面臨的難題和破解

經(jīng)歷了多年的快速增長(zhǎng)，寧波開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了令人矚目的成就，2011年地區(qū)進(jìn)出口順差占全國(guó)的15%，整個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)外貿(mào)的依存度高達(dá)105%。歐債危機(jī)爆發(fā)后，一般日用品、造船和光伏等行業(yè)受到了全面的沖擊。受此影響，2012年一季度，寧波出口同比增長(zhǎng)僅4.8%。如何有效應(yīng)對(duì)這一個(gè)困難局面，成為當(dāng)前全市經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域共同的一個(gè)課題。

2.1難題破解：銀企攜手推動(dòng)融資創(chuàng)新

針對(duì)當(dāng)前外貿(mào)企業(yè)收匯少、融資難的現(xiàn)狀，作為“中小企業(yè)外匯金融服務(wù)年”活動(dòng)的第二期主題，4月27日下午，外匯局寧波市分局聯(lián)合市外經(jīng)貿(mào)局，在寧波國(guó)際會(huì)展中心舉辦了“百家成長(zhǎng)型外貿(mào)企業(yè)專(zhuān)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)”，專(zhuān)門(mén)為我市120余家成長(zhǎng)型外貿(mào)企業(yè)提供融資對(duì)接，并在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)達(dá)成16億元人民幣的融資意向。本次百家成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè)專(zhuān)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，標(biāo)志著寧波市“百家成長(zhǎng)型外貿(mào)企業(yè)幫扶計(jì)劃”進(jìn)入實(shí)質(zhì)性實(shí)施階段，也成為我市外匯金融和外貿(mào)管理領(lǐng)域密

切合作、共同助推涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)新的里程碑。

銀行、保險(xiǎn)合作共贏，創(chuàng)新性產(chǎn)品支持外貿(mào)企業(yè)開(kāi)拓新市場(chǎng)。在傳統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)出口前景不樂(lè)觀的情況下，東歐、中東等出口市場(chǎng)卻仍然保持了強(qiáng)勁的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭。但是由于上述市場(chǎng)屬于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)，很多企業(yè)面對(duì)訂單卻不敢接單。在外匯局的大力支持下，我市銀行進(jìn)行了大膽的創(chuàng)新，主動(dòng)與保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)接，對(duì)買(mǎi)入的出口應(yīng)收賬款投保出口信用保險(xiǎn)，并在此前提下對(duì)企業(yè)發(fā)放出口貿(mào)易融資。這種做法有效分?jǐn)偭孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)，增強(qiáng)了出口企業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和融資能力，為涉外企業(yè)開(kāi)拓東歐、拉美、非洲等地區(qū)及廣大新興市場(chǎng)提供了強(qiáng)有力的金融支持。目前，我市已有多家企業(yè)通過(guò)上述方式得到融資。億元人民幣的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)融資配套，可以基本滿(mǎn)足126家成長(zhǎng)性外貿(mào)企業(yè)的資金需求，必將成為我市外貿(mào)企業(yè)攻堅(jiān)克難最強(qiáng)有力的資金支持。隨著中小企業(yè)外匯金融服務(wù)年活動(dòng)的不斷推進(jìn)，外匯局寧波市分局還將圍繞匯率、大宗商品交易、小微企業(yè)等，開(kāi)展各具特色的主題活動(dòng)。

2.2扶危濟(jì)困：銀行與企業(yè)共克時(shí)艱

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，外匯局寧波市分局一貫堅(jiān)持服務(wù)開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理念，在百家成長(zhǎng)型外貿(mào)企業(yè)專(zhuān)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)上，外匯局寧波市分局宋漢光局長(zhǎng)向全市外匯金融系統(tǒng)發(fā)出倡議，要求各外匯指定銀行積極拓寬資金渠道，主動(dòng)創(chuàng)新外匯金融產(chǎn)品，自覺(jué)加大對(duì)中小企業(yè)讓利，破解當(dāng)前企業(yè)發(fā)展難題，與廣大中小企業(yè)共克時(shí)艱，共同成長(zhǎng)。在外匯管理部門(mén)的大力倡導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)銀行寧波市分行、中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行寧波分行和中國(guó)信用保險(xiǎn)公司寧波分公司向廣大企業(yè)做出鄭重承諾：加大對(duì)企業(yè)的信貸支持，不設(shè)定企業(yè)存款、結(jié)算、承兌匯票、個(gè)人理財(cái)?shù)热魏胃郊訔l件，不增加隱性財(cái)務(wù)成本，并在費(fèi)率、利率等方面按市場(chǎng)水平予以下浮。擲地有聲的承諾，給廣大外貿(mào)企業(yè)拓展業(yè)務(wù)吃了一個(gè)“定心丸”。在“中小企業(yè)外匯金融服務(wù)年”活動(dòng)的積極推動(dòng)下，我市外匯指定銀行通過(guò)總分行聯(lián)動(dòng)、海內(nèi)外聯(lián)動(dòng)等方式，多方籌措低成本外匯資金，投入到對(duì)我市外貿(mào)企業(yè)的支持中去。在本次專(zhuān)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)中，有126家成長(zhǎng)型外貿(mào)企業(yè)提出了約79億元人民幣的融資需求。對(duì)此，參加專(zhuān)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)的兩家銀行表示，寧波分行已經(jīng)預(yù)留了50億元人民幣的融資額度，另外，再?gòu)暮Ｍ饣I措低成本資金20億元人民幣，用于專(zhuān)項(xiàng)滿(mǎn)足百家成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè)的貿(mào)易融資需求。

今年寧波外貿(mào)分析

2012年一季度浙江寧波外貿(mào)外經(jīng)低速增長(zhǎng)一季度，浙江省寧波市外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額222.9億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)1.9%，增速比1-2月回升2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。其中出口133.0億美元，增長(zhǎng)4.8%；進(jìn)口89.8億美元，下降2.1%。

黃巖島問(wèn)題對(duì)寧波外貿(mào)對(duì)影響

對(duì)寧波今年前4個(gè)月分析，寧波口岸對(duì)菲律賓進(jìn)出口總額累計(jì)為3.1億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)

2.1%。其中，進(jìn)口2831萬(wàn)美元，下降34.2%；出口2.8億美元，增長(zhǎng)8.2%。從主要進(jìn)出口商品看，進(jìn)口未鍛造的銅及銅材1009萬(wàn)美元，下降64.5%；進(jìn)口廢金屬697.9萬(wàn)美元，增長(zhǎng)11.7%；出口機(jī)電、音像設(shè)備及其零附件5542萬(wàn)美元，增長(zhǎng)15.3%；出口紡織原料、紡織制品5531萬(wàn)美元，增長(zhǎng)1.1%。寧波海關(guān)有關(guān)人士認(rèn)為，雖然對(duì)菲貿(mào)易占寧波口岸外貿(mào)總額的比例較小，但由于黃巖島所在海域毗鄰國(guó)際海運(yùn)航線要道馬六甲海峽，該事件未來(lái)對(duì)國(guó)際海運(yùn)航線的后續(xù)影響值得關(guān)注。

第五篇：外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)

1.Enclosed for your information are our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as you asked

為你的信息附上有插圖的目錄和明細(xì)價(jià)目單

2.Financing Local Roads Construction:Small Markets Make Big Business.如果你方的價(jià)格做得開(kāi)的話,我們相信能成大生意.3.The illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list you asked for have been enclosed.Two copies of our illustrated catalogue and price-list , which you asked for, have been enclosed for your infomation.4.Active demand will certainly result in increased price, and for this reason we expect your early reply.需求大則必然會(huì)造成漲價(jià),這一點(diǎn)希望引起你方注意,同時(shí)請(qǐng)你們?cè)缛兆鞔?/p>

5.There's no minimum quantity, so you can order just a few or even just one machine.我們沒(méi)有最低起訂量的限制，你可以訂幾臺(tái)甚至可以只訂一臺(tái)機(jī)器。

The price depends on quantity.價(jià)格依數(shù)量而定.6.拳頭產(chǎn)品: Competitive products；knock-out products;blockbuster products

龍頭產(chǎn)品:core products；flagship products;mainstay products

尖端產(chǎn)品:highly sophisticated products

7.老外不回郵件怎么治他

分析下原因,一般情況下我會(huì)再寫(xiě)封追蹤信給他:

Hope you are fine, my friend.It is regret that I haven't receive any information from your side.May I have your idea about our offer? We will try to satisfy you upon receipt of your reply.As we don't want to lost a good customer like you!If there is anything we can do for you, we shall be more than pleased to do so.Hope we can build good cooperation with your.如果客人還沒(méi)有回信,一周后再問(wèn)客人不回信的真實(shí)原因.(一般情況,70%的客人會(huì)告訴你他的原因)

Glad to contact you again!Have you kindly check my offer? Hope they are workable for your market!Sorry that we still don't receive any information from you.I would apprreciate for your any comment about our offer, including price, quality, sercive.No matter if it is positive answer, It is great help for us to meet your requirement.Waiting for your favorable reply soon!

之后的日子里,可以嘗試新產(chǎn)品的報(bào)價(jià),刺激下客人的神經(jīng).