第一篇:2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案
智能暑期輔導(dǎo)班內(nèi)部資料 2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案
首先,關(guān)注基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。高考試題無論如何選材,落腳點(diǎn)還是教材主干基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),即“題目在書外,答案在書中”。因此,在高考的一輪復(fù)習(xí)中,要認(rèn)真閱讀教材,聽老師的講解,作好課堂筆記,結(jié)合復(fù)習(xí)資料,對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)加深理解,掌握知識(shí)的內(nèi)涵和外延。其次,建立知識(shí)體系。同學(xué)們應(yīng)在建立起本章節(jié)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,形成跨越章節(jié)的內(nèi)容之間的聯(lián)系,建立學(xué)科內(nèi)某些板塊知識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),從不同的角度建立貫穿全部內(nèi)容的規(guī)律、技巧和方法上的聯(lián)系。最后,或預(yù)?或廢?凡事預(yù)則立不預(yù)則廢。古希臘哲學(xué)大師亞里士多德寫道:“首先,要有一個(gè)明確可行的構(gòu)想,也就是一個(gè)目標(biāo);其次,用任何可行的方式來達(dá)成目標(biāo);第三,調(diào)整所用的一切方法,以達(dá)到成功?!敝挥忻鞔_而具體的目標(biāo)才可衡量,而只有可衡量的目標(biāo)才可能達(dá)到。
時(shí)間不由分說地把我們帶到了求學(xué)路上的分水嶺,快節(jié)奏的學(xué)習(xí)生活將填滿我們今后一年中的每個(gè)日夜,當(dāng)課桌上的書本、習(xí)題越摞越高,大大小小的考試已成為家常便飯時(shí),高三,已悄無聲息地拉開了帷幕,我們唯有向著目標(biāo)揚(yáng)帆起航。
智能暑期輔導(dǎo)班內(nèi)部資料1
智能暑期輔導(dǎo)班內(nèi)部資料2
智能暑期輔導(dǎo)班內(nèi)部資料3
智能暑期輔導(dǎo)班內(nèi)部資料4
智能暑期輔導(dǎo)班內(nèi)部資料5
第二篇:2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案
2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案(數(shù)學(xué)篇)輪次 任務(wù) 復(fù)習(xí)方式習(xí)題量 一輪復(fù)習(xí):1.按章節(jié)進(jìn)行單元按章節(jié)進(jìn)行單元復(fù)習(xí),主要目標(biāo)是鞏固章節(jié)基本概2013年7月
2月底 復(fù)習(xí).關(guān) 念、定義、定理、公式、方法、技巧、題型,注重講1.同步課時(shí)練;知識(shí). 初至2014年2.每周一次同步過練結(jié)合,以單元訓(xùn)練為主,突出重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)2.單元過關(guān)訓(xùn)練主要目標(biāo)是鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),構(gòu)建知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò),強(qiáng)化重點(diǎn)
知識(shí),提升解題能力.專題訓(xùn)練與綜合訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合,對(duì)重點(diǎn)專題要重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練.將專題可分為:
(1)函數(shù)與導(dǎo)數(shù)、不等式;
(2)數(shù)列、極限與數(shù)學(xué)歸納法;
二輪復(fù)習(xí):
2014年3月
初至2014年
4月底(3)向量與三角函數(shù); 1.以專題為主線進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí). 2.專項(xiàng)配套訓(xùn)練(4)排列組合與二項(xiàng)式定理;(5)直線、圓與圓錐曲線;(6)直線、平面與簡單幾何體;
(7)概率與統(tǒng)計(jì);
(8)數(shù)學(xué)思想方法:函數(shù)思想、分類與整合思想、方程思想、數(shù)形結(jié)合思想、轉(zhuǎn)化與化歸思想、運(yùn)動(dòng)變
化思想、客觀題解法研究等.
(9)熱點(diǎn)問題:應(yīng)用性問題,探索性問題,創(chuàng)新型
問題. .2.每周滾動(dòng)綜合訓(xùn)練
1.精做歷年高考真題.歷年的高考真題具有很強(qiáng)的代表性,考生可以購買歷年各個(gè)省市的高考真題進(jìn)行
1.前半段以綜合訓(xùn)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.
練、模擬訓(xùn)練為主,2.整理錯(cuò)題本.整理錯(cuò)題,建立錯(cuò)題庫.一般的錯(cuò)
三輪復(fù)習(xí):
2014年5月
初至高考 以提高綜合解題能誤類型有:①粗心導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤,②思維與方法性錯(cuò)誤,力. ③知識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤等. 2.后半段進(jìn)行查缺3.精選各地的最新模擬試題,進(jìn)行模擬實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練.之
補(bǔ)漏,回歸課本,進(jìn)所以選擇各地試題,其一是為了熟悉各類題型,其二
行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練和心理是歷年高考都有各地考點(diǎn)“輪回考”的特點(diǎn).此外,最
調(diào)節(jié). 后還是以本省市的模擬題為主.
4.回歸教材.再次對(duì)教材的例、習(xí)題、復(fù)習(xí)參考題
重做一遍,要知道,教材是高考命題的源泉.
第三篇:高考復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案【精品推薦】
2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案(語文篇)時(shí)間 目標(biāo) 實(shí)施方法 獨(dú)門技巧
①跟著老師走,課本為重中之重?;仡?/p>
課本,掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。老師布置的任務(wù)
一定要不折不扣地完成。計(jì)劃背誦。將隨身攜帶筆記本 1個(gè)筆記本是專門的字、詞集錦,將平時(shí)所高中所有課本的文言文、詩歌、詞賦的見的容易誤讀的字和容易望文生義的詞語(主要是成語)全
第一輪
2013年7月
~2014年2月 豐富知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備 篇名整理成目錄,每日?qǐng)?jiān)持背誦,包括部收錄,然后利用早讀大聲朗讀加以強(qiáng)記;1文中的重點(diǎn)詞匯等。文言文可摘取重點(diǎn)專門收錄一些俗語或者從報(bào)刊中摘錄一些自己認(rèn)為比較好的文段或重點(diǎn)篇章來背誦,背誦完成后可文章、段落、句子等,如果摘錄的東西太長,就把它裁剪下在目錄后做標(biāo)識(shí)。堅(jiān)持在第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中
完成背誦。
②保持一定量的課外閱讀。推薦報(bào)刊:
《青年文摘》《散文》《科學(xué)畫報(bào)》等。來粘貼到本子上,晚上睡覺時(shí)可以翻看。枕頭書 在枕邊長期放一本成語詞典,每天睡覺前可以看3 ~5條成語,長期堅(jiān)持,也就是一個(gè)很好的積累。
①堅(jiān)持整理一輪復(fù)習(xí)中的筆記本。
②結(jié)合語文復(fù)習(xí)資料的分類板塊來逐一
復(fù)習(xí),每周攻破一項(xiàng)。
③豐富閱讀基礎(chǔ) 針對(duì)高考語文閱讀
“重名家不中名篇”的特點(diǎn),可分別整
理高中課本中涉及到的一些名家的生活
第二輪 背景、寫作特色、精神氣質(zhì)等。如,考
2014年3月~4月逐一突破 生需要將魯迅的各種特點(diǎn)整理出來,實(shí)文言文字典 翻看文言文字典,掌握文言文實(shí)詞和虛詞的用法,經(jīng)常翻看《考試大綱》規(guī)定的文言文實(shí)詞和虛詞以及一些特殊的例句。將《考試大綱》要求的100個(gè)文言文實(shí)詞、18個(gè)虛詞,分別分散到每天的學(xué)習(xí)中去。名人名家錄 將課本中涉及的名人,包括詩人、詞人的基本資料整理在筆記本中,如果自己把握不準(zhǔn),可以讓老師幫忙。分類練習(xí)專項(xiàng)突破需要一定量的習(xí)題練習(xí),此外一定要將錯(cuò)現(xiàn)從對(duì)人的理解進(jìn)而到對(duì)文章的理解。題整理出來。④重點(diǎn)攻破文言文 在第一輪背誦的基大語文 廣攝取,活應(yīng)用。主要是針對(duì)“星光燦爛”的語言應(yīng)礎(chǔ)上,分別整理各篇文章中的實(shí)詞、虛用題。多注意電視、廣告牌上的廣告詞,報(bào)紙的標(biāo)題等,甚詞、特殊句式。至是門口的對(duì)聯(lián)都不放過,有隨時(shí)隨地積累的意識(shí)。⑤每周一卷 此時(shí)可以每周利用整塊的時(shí)間來完成一份語文試卷。
關(guān)注考試范圍、新
增內(nèi)容、題型示例及樣卷。它們不但能滿分作文精讀 精選一些往年的滿分作文來背誦,尤其注意其讓考生對(duì)高考試卷的長度、題型的大致首段和末段。此外,整理往年高分作文的標(biāo)題也是一個(gè)提高
第三輪
2014年5月至高
考 最后沖刺 比例有所了解,更能告訴考生本高作文成績的好方法。將歷年來你覺得很好的作文標(biāo)題整理出考的命題走向。來,參透其模式,模仿其模式。②重溫重要考點(diǎn) 字音和字形,常見實(shí)試卷錯(cuò)題集 不同于之前的錯(cuò)題本,改錯(cuò)題本主要是整理試卷
詞、虛詞,文學(xué)常識(shí)和名篇名句等。中的錯(cuò)題,此時(shí)的錯(cuò)題已經(jīng)是進(jìn)一步地篩選過后的錯(cuò)題,非
③重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備作文。
④每三天一卷。常具有針對(duì)性。
2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案(數(shù)學(xué)篇)輪次 任務(wù) 復(fù)習(xí)方式習(xí)題量 一輪復(fù)習(xí):1.按章節(jié)進(jìn)行單元按章節(jié)進(jìn)行單元復(fù)習(xí),主要目標(biāo)是鞏固章節(jié)基本概2013年7月
2月底 復(fù)習(xí).關(guān) 念、定義、定理、公式、方法、技巧、題型,注重講1.同步課時(shí)練;知識(shí). 初至2014年2.每周一次同步過練結(jié)合,以單元訓(xùn)練為主,突出重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)2.單元過關(guān)訓(xùn)練
主要目標(biāo)是鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),構(gòu)建知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò),強(qiáng)化重點(diǎn)
知識(shí),提升解題能力.專題訓(xùn)練與綜合訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合,對(duì)重點(diǎn)專題要重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練.將專題可分為:
(1)函數(shù)與導(dǎo)數(shù)、不等式;
(2)數(shù)列、極限與數(shù)學(xué)歸納法;
二輪復(fù)習(xí):
2014年3月
初至2014年
4月底(3)向量與三角函數(shù); 1.以專題為主線進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí). 2.專項(xiàng)配套訓(xùn)練(4)排列組合與二項(xiàng)式定理;(5)直線、圓與圓錐曲線;(6)直線、平面與簡單幾何體;
(7)概率與統(tǒng)計(jì);
(8)數(shù)學(xué)思想方法:函數(shù)思想、分類與整合思想、方程思想、數(shù)形結(jié)合思想、轉(zhuǎn)化與化歸思想、運(yùn)動(dòng)變
化思想、客觀題解法研究等.
(9)熱點(diǎn)問題:應(yīng)用性問題,探索性問題,創(chuàng)新型
問題. .2.每周滾動(dòng)綜合訓(xùn)練
1.精做歷年高考真題.歷年的高考真題具有很強(qiáng)的代表性,考生可以購買歷年各個(gè)省市的高考真題進(jìn)行
1.前半段以綜合訓(xùn)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.
練、模擬訓(xùn)練為主,2.整理錯(cuò)題本.整理錯(cuò)題,建立錯(cuò)題庫.一般的錯(cuò)
三輪復(fù)習(xí):
2014年5月
初至高考 以提高綜合解題能誤類型有:①粗心導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤,②思維與方法性錯(cuò)誤,力. ③知識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤等. 2.后半段進(jìn)行查缺3.精選各地的最新模擬試題,進(jìn)行模擬實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練.之補(bǔ)漏,回歸課本,進(jìn)所以選擇各地試題,其一是為了熟悉各類題型,其二
行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練和心理是歷年高考都有各地考點(diǎn)“輪回考”的特點(diǎn).此外,調(diào)節(jié). 最后還是以本省市的模擬題為主.
4.回歸教材.再次對(duì)教材的例、習(xí)題、復(fù)習(xí)參考題
重做一遍,要知道,教材是高考命題的源泉.
2014年高考總復(fù)習(xí)方案(英語篇)輪次 任務(wù) 獨(dú)門技巧習(xí)題量
①準(zhǔn)備一本權(quán)威的英漢詞典,背誦課本單詞時(shí)參考詞
①以涵蓋單元考
同步過關(guān)。
第一輪 ②注重背誦課文
(80天)位。
③同步課本復(fù)習(xí)
語法。形變化都是連在一起的,考生可通過比較來背誦。②每晚臨睡前花上5分鐘的時(shí)間把白天背誦的單詞在腦中過一遍,然后第二天清晨醒來時(shí)再迅速回顧這些單詞,這樣背誦的單詞更不容易忘。③記單詞還要掌握一個(gè)技巧,就是借助英文解釋來記憶。比如join/attend/take part in,如果你知道它們的join—become a member of;attend——have a share in/help)遇到辨析題也不怕。讀與寫作練習(xí)。
比較法。側(cè)重語法知識(shí)間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,可采用比較
and some of them are businessmen.與friends, some of whom are businessmen.第一句中有并列連詞and,為并列句。后半句使用人稱
第二輪 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1:語法whom
②每2~3天進(jìn)行一替代friends。(30天)分類訓(xùn)練 項(xiàng)語法的專題訓(xùn)掌握語法的本質(zhì):一個(gè)句子有且只有一個(gè)謂語。根據(jù)
練??赡苁遣⒘芯渥?,如“The secretary worked far into
”
work作謂語,而prepare則使用其them替代friends,沒有連接詞,是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合
第四篇:高考英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)
從句
一. 定義
1.句子分為簡單句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是只有一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)合句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的句子。
2.復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句是全句的主體,從句是主句的一個(gè)成分,它不能單獨(dú)做句子,它在句子中作什么成分,就叫什么成分的從句,如作主語的就叫主語從句,作賓語的就叫賓語從句,作表語的就叫表語從句,作定語的叫定語從句,作狀語的就叫狀語從句。3.復(fù)合句主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句(包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等)。
二. 名詞性從句
(一)主語從句
1.主語從句是指從句充當(dāng)主語的句子。2.引導(dǎo)詞;關(guān)系代詞:(1)從句成分什么都不缺:thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用,if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)從句成分缺人:whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)從句成分缺物:whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.關(guān)系副詞:where:(什么地方),從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語 when:(什么時(shí)候),從句中缺時(shí)間狀語 why:(什么原因),從句中缺原因狀語 how:(如何,怎樣),從句中缺方式狀語
Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主語從句的特殊形式:it做形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact an honor that(2)it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句
It seems happened that…(4)it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道… It is said that…據(jù)說…
It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)…
4.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1)if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2)It is said ,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)
(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí),主語從句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意:
(1)主語從句的時(shí)態(tài):不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.(2)主語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞放在句首不能省略
(二).賓語從句
1.從句在主句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子是賓語從句 2.引導(dǎo)詞
3.賓語從句的幾種形式(1)做及物動(dòng)詞的賓語 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語
Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容詞的賓語
I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)動(dòng)詞+it+that結(jié)構(gòu)
It做形式賓語,代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)賓語從句否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意:(1)賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序
(2)如果主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)不受限制,如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí),賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)(即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等)。He thought he was working for the people.
I heard she had been to the Great W all.
John hoped that he would find a job soon.
但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等,則不變化:
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(三)表語從句
從句在主句中充當(dāng)表語成分的句子是表語從句。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people
But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(四)同位語從句
1.同位語從句是修飾前面名詞的從句。
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。
(2)定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如:
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分)
三.形容性從句(定語從句)
(一)含義:從句充當(dāng)定語成分的句子叫做定語從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。先行詞:被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞,短語,或整個(gè)主句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
(二)限制性定語從句
1.限制性定語是指定語從句緊跟它所修飾的中心名詞或代詞之后,沒有逗號(hào)分開。2.引導(dǎo)詞:分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(1)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句:
that:指代人、事物,作主語、賓語,做賓語時(shí)可以省略 who:指代人,做主語
whom:指代人,做賓語,可以省略。它在口語和非正式用語中常用who代替,可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物,做主語、賓語。做賓語可以省略 whose:指代人、物,做定語,其后直接加名詞 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物時(shí)常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)代替:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired(2)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句:
where:指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語 Shai hai is the city where I was born
The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指時(shí)間,在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語
I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句都可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 練習(xí):
A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.(賓語)What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意
(1)限制性定語從句中只能用that的幾種情況:
A 當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí),或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí),要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾,如:firstlastnext等
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)
This is the best film that I have seen.D 當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時(shí)
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),偶爾也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 當(dāng)先行詞既有人,也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(2)限制性定語從句中只能用who的情況:
A 當(dāng)定語從句對(duì)指人的先行詞進(jìn)行隔位修飾時(shí),只能用who(whom)。如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認(rèn)識(shí)黑板前面正在給學(xué)生們講話的那位女孩子嗎?
B 當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時(shí),只能用who(whom)。如:
Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請(qǐng)來這邊。
C 當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時(shí),只能用who(whom)。如: Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對(duì)我們的人就是我們的敵人。D 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who(whom)。如:
There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我們班有些學(xué)生你見過。
E 當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)指人的現(xiàn)行詞分別帶有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí),若一個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞為that, 那么,另一個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞必定為who。如:
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你會(huì)到的那個(gè)男孩是李明的剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的弟弟。
(3)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo),而且通??梢允÷浴?/p>
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising
(三).非限制性定語從句
1.含義:先行詞和從句用逗號(hào)隔開,對(duì)所修飾你名詞或代詞等起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。如果去掉從句,并不影響它所修飾的先行詞的意義。
2.引導(dǎo)詞(1)關(guān)系代詞:
指人:who :做主語,不可省略 ;whom:做賓語,不可省略 指物:which:做主語或賓語,不可省略(2)關(guān)系副詞:
when where why as等
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he 答案C.此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。
The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3.as和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句
(1)as和which都可在句子中做主語或賓語,它們指代的是整個(gè)句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之尾,還可分割整個(gè)主句,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如,正想”之意 As is known to us,china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent
John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主語時(shí),which既可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語,也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語;而這時(shí)as 只可以做系動(dòng)詞be的主語。例如:
A)He married her, which was natural.(可用as代替which)他和她結(jié)婚,這是很自然的事。
B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng),這使他名揚(yáng)天下。
It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞若是am, is, are則這些系動(dòng)詞不能省略;而as后面若是這種情況,則可以省略。例如:
A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)當(dāng)先行詞有such,the same修飾時(shí),常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意:當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí),偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
(四)引導(dǎo)詞+介詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞在從句中做介詞的賓語時(shí),從句常用介詞+關(guān)系代詞引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意:
A:含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用。如:look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),關(guān)系代詞指人是只能用whom,,關(guān)系代詞指代物時(shí),只能用which,關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí),用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介詞+定語從句,前面可有some any both each none neither 等代詞或數(shù)詞修飾 He love his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,,most of whom are from cities 四.狀語從句
一:時(shí)間狀語從句
(一)when, while和as。
1.when引導(dǎo)從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作。引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞(一段時(shí)間),又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞(一點(diǎn)時(shí)間)。when還含有“at that moment”的意思,引起的句子不能放在句首
When he heard the news,they were much surprised(從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她進(jìn)來時(shí),我在吃飯。(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時(shí),我常常為他擔(dān)水。(延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞)
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視,這時(shí)燈突然滅了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家,這時(shí)天就開始下雨了。
2.while 從句的動(dòng)作和主句同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 從句的動(dòng)作和主句同時(shí)發(fā)生。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可是瞬時(shí)性的,也可是延續(xù)性的。從句和主句要表示一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成時(shí),則多用as,可譯為“一邊......,一邊......” She came up as I was cooking.(延續(xù)性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬時(shí)性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走,一邊不時(shí)地往后看。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..隨著時(shí)間的推移,天氣變得越來越暖了。練習(xí):
1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006遼寧)
A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)
A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)
A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)
A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked
C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行過程中,從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如: The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房東懷疑在她看電視時(shí)曾有人闖入屋
5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)
A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山東)
A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)
A.before B.until C.when D.after
(二)before 和after
before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后,如主句是將來時(shí),從句中現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句是過去時(shí),主句用過去完成時(shí)。after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。
It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重點(diǎn):before 的用法
1.用于It + be + 時(shí)間段 + before...句型中,意思是“在……之后才……”,如果主句中用否定式,則表示“不多久……就”。
It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回來。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后,敵人就被趕走了。
It won’t be long before they understand each other.他們不久就會(huì)互相了解的。
2.還有“趁……(還沒有)”之意。例如:
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他們正在考慮趁房價(jià)未漲時(shí)把房子買下來。
Do it before you forget it.趁早動(dòng)手,以免忘了 3.短語before long與long before的區(qū)別
before long是“很快,不久”的意思, 可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。如:
Before long, he went to America.不久,他就去了美國。
I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再見到你。
而 long before是“很久以前”的意思,一般用在過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的句子里。如: She said she had read the novel long before.她說她很久以前就讀過這部小說。
(三)till和until
①until和till都可表示“直到...為止”,與主句中持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式連用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。
②當(dāng)until和till表示“直到...才....”時(shí),通常與主句中短暫動(dòng)詞的否定式連用,這時(shí),until和till也可用before代替。
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來,我才離開的。③be動(dòng)詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。
④until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但till從句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí),主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序: Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般用until,不用till。如:
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 題干中的主句為肯定句,until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的謂語動(dòng)詞連用,因此本題應(yīng)選表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的watched(其他選項(xiàng)中的saw,noticed,observed所表示的動(dòng)作都不能延續(xù),意味著結(jié)果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until
(四)since的用法 1.連詞
(1)表示“自從……以來”:
A:主句+since+非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
一般主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用過去時(shí),翻譯:“某某自從…以來已經(jīng)…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用過去時(shí),翻譯:“某某自從沒有…以來已經(jīng)…了”
He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自從從耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來已經(jīng)做了好幾份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自從她從這里搬走,我們就再也沒見過她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信。C:主句+since +延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),翻譯:“某某自從…以來…了’
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營。
He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我。
D:It be(一般式或完成式)+表示一段時(shí)間的詞匯+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已經(jīng)有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我們?cè)谀莾阂汛袅巳辍?/p>
應(yīng)注意的是,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語動(dòng)詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯(cuò)了:
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正確的說法為:
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學(xué)英語了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個(gè)月沒來看我了。(2)既然;因?yàn)?/p>
He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把書拿走了,因?yàn)闀巡辉谶@里了。
Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞?/p>
2.介詞:表示“自從……以來”,其具體用法有兩種情況:
(1)since+表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn))。
They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時(shí)起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來,我曾去該地多次。(2)since+表示一段時(shí)間的詞匯+ago。
I have been here since five months ago.五個(gè)月以來我一直在這里。
They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
(五)表示“一…就…”:as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…;表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”: the time, the moment;by the time(到…時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗? next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的時(shí)候), the last time(上次…的時(shí)候),once(一旦…)
She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到聲音就沖進(jìn)房間 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達(dá)那里就生起病來。
He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒說完就有人起來反駁他的論點(diǎn) He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時(shí),他給我留下了好印象。注意:hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…
前面常用過去完成時(shí),后面用一般過去時(shí)。同時(shí)它們還可以倒裝: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達(dá)那里就生起病來。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.(六)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性:every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每當(dāng))等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時(shí)候他們就來幫我們 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進(jìn)城,總要來看看我們的學(xué)校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家,他都出去了。
二.地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般由由where(在……的地方), wherever(無論哪里),everywhere(每一個(gè)地方)引導(dǎo)的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三.原因狀語從句
(一)because since as for 1.because 表示的原因語氣最強(qiáng);通常放在主句之后,有時(shí)也放在主句之前;直接回答why 提出的問題;在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能用because;被not所否定時(shí)只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人們事先已經(jīng)知道的,是對(duì)已知事實(shí)提供理由,而不表示直接原因;since比as語氣稍強(qiáng),且比as略為正式,兩者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列連詞(其作三者為從屬連詞),它有時(shí)可表示因果關(guān)系(只能放在主句之后,且可與because換用),有時(shí)不表示因果關(guān)系,而是對(duì)前面分句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后,但不能與because換用)。
The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是濕的,因?yàn)樽蛲硐逻^雨。
It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下過雨,今天早上地面都是濕的(二)由now that,seeing that,considering that(由于…,既然…)
Seeing that it’s raining,we’d better stay indoors.既然外邊在下雨,我們最好待在室內(nèi)。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然來了,最好還是留下吧
Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考慮到她沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn),她已經(jīng)做得不錯(cuò)了
四.條件狀語從句
(一)if,unless
1.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句時(shí),主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的虛擬;if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的省略
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not
You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard
You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard
(二)1.as(so)long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我,我就留下。as(so)long as 還可表示一段時(shí)間
Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。
So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前,我覺得我沒有權(quán)利介入你們之間
2.only if 與 if only。only if 意為“只要”,只用于真實(shí)條件句中,是if 的強(qiáng)調(diào)式;if only 有兩個(gè)意思,一是表示“只要”,此時(shí)通常與陳述語氣連用,與 only if 用法相似;二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”,此時(shí)多用于虛擬語氣和感嘆句中。
I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答應(yīng)不請(qǐng)瑪麗,我就來。
If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴,我們就去。
If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了 If only he will listen to you!他要是聽你的話多好!3.as long as 與 only if 的區(qū)別
(1)從語氣上看,only if 的語氣要比as long as 強(qiáng)
(2)當(dāng)主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞均為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如:He will come only if you ask him.(3)兩者均可引導(dǎo)從句置于主句之后,也可置于主句之前。但是,當(dāng)only if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句置于主句之前時(shí),其后的主句要用倒裝語序,而且 as long as 引導(dǎo)的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如:
As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨,我們就能玩。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教師的允許,學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這間屋。
(三)provided(providing)(that),on condition that,given that,in case,suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。
He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你給他錢,他就干活
I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付現(xiàn)金,這架相機(jī)就賣給你
Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果贏得人民的支持,他將取得競(jìng)選的勝利
Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失敗,別灰心,再試試。
五. 讓步狀語從句
(一)although, though“雖然,盡管” 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),句中不能用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折語氣,但可跟yet,still表示轉(zhuǎn)折
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
(二)ever if, even though.“雖然,盡管,即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.(三)“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever” :意為“無論…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.(1)“no matter +疑問詞”不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么(2)注意however以下兩類句型結(jié)構(gòu) ① however+主語+謂語:
However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走,至少要三天。② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語:
However much he eats, he never gets fat.無論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。③ 有時(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語和謂語可以有所省略:
He was of some help, however small.他總能幫些忙,不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管條件多好,我都不接受。
(四)讓步狀語從句與倒裝
引導(dǎo)倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though,但不是能用although;as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中引出讓步狀語,但若不倒裝,則不能用as,而與之相反,although在不倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語,但在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中卻不可以用。
(五)讓步狀語從句的虛擬語氣
六.目的狀語從句
(一)so that,in order that, so, that表示“以便;為了”,so that:如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句常與may,can,will連用;如果主句是一般過去時(shí),從句常與could,should,would,might連用。
We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby
(二)least,in case,for fear that 表示“以防,以免”,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣
七.結(jié)果狀語從句
(一)so that,so...that,such...that 1.so…that與such…that的區(qū)別在于:
(1)A such+a(an)+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明,大家都非常喜歡他。
B such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣,我想再讀一遍。
C such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that…
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意:如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話,則不用such而用so。如:
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少,不適合做這個(gè)工作。(2)so…that也作“如此…以致”
so+adj./adv.+that…clause(so的后面跟形容詞或副詞)
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快,沒人能追上他。
2.so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),意思是“因此;所以”;在從句前常有逗號(hào)與主句分開;結(jié)果狀語從句中沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;目的狀語從句可移到句首,而結(jié)果狀語從句不能。
Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.約翰去的很早,得到了一個(gè)好位置。
Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.約翰去的很早,為的是得到一個(gè)好位置。
The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八.方式狀語從句
方式狀態(tài)語從句常由as, as if/as though等。例如:
She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句要用虛擬語氣
第五篇:化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)方案
九年級(jí)化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)方案
一、學(xué)生分析
九年級(jí)共六個(gè)教學(xué)班,其中九(1)班、九(3)班、九(6)班學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣較好,學(xué)習(xí)能力強(qiáng)些,而九(2)班、九(4)、九(5)班大多是沒有養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,學(xué)習(xí)興趣、自覺性比較差,從考試情況來看:優(yōu)等生占21%,學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)展生占27%??傮w情況分析:學(xué)生兩極分化十分嚴(yán)重,中等生所占比例不大,一部分學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)熱情不高,不求上進(jìn)。而其中的優(yōu)等生大多對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)熱情高,但對(duì)問題的分析能力、計(jì)算能力、實(shí)驗(yàn)操作能力存在嚴(yán)重的不足,尤其是所涉及和知識(shí)拓展和知識(shí)的綜合能力等方面不夠好,學(xué)生反應(yīng)能力弱。總體來看,兩極分化還是較嚴(yán)重,許多學(xué)生對(duì)此感到無從下手,不會(huì)進(jìn)行知識(shí)的梳理,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生掉隊(duì),同時(shí)學(xué)生面臨畢業(yè)和升學(xué)的雙重壓力等,致使許多學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了厭學(xué)心理。這就要求我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)過程還注重保護(hù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和積極性,并因材施教。
二、教材分析
魯教版九年級(jí)化學(xué)(下冊(cè))的內(nèi)容共五個(gè)單元,分別是:第七單元《常見的酸和堿》,第八單元《海水中的化學(xué)》,第九單元《金屬》,第十單元《化學(xué)與健康》,第十一單元《化學(xué)與社會(huì)發(fā)展》。其中第七、第八、第九單元是重點(diǎn),尤其是第七單元。不過在上學(xué)期已經(jīng)把第七、第八單元學(xué)完了,所以重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)第九單元。第十、第十一單元教學(xué)難度不大,多屬于“知道”、“了解”的層次,容易引起學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。
三、教學(xué)進(jìn)度
通常我們化學(xué)在總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)只能進(jìn)行兩輪復(fù)習(xí),就是通常所說的一輪復(fù)習(xí)和三輪復(fù)習(xí),今年的復(fù)習(xí)資料正好符合我們的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃,那如何來安排我們的復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)度呢?一輪復(fù)習(xí)總共分為22個(gè)專題,除專題一、二、五、二十一、二十二用一個(gè)課時(shí)外,其他專題基本上是兩個(gè)課時(shí)解決一個(gè)專題,也就是說一輪復(fù)習(xí)大約需要39個(gè)課時(shí),去掉周末放假,還有期間的耗時(shí)約一周的實(shí)驗(yàn)考試,一輪復(fù)習(xí)基本上在第十二周結(jié)束。在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中確保學(xué)生能正確的完成中考題中最簡單的第12、13題。