第一篇：胡壯的自薦信
自薦信
尊敬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：
您好！
感謝您在百忙之中抽出寶貴時(shí)間來(lái)翻閱我的材料。也許正是您的關(guān)注，將翻開(kāi)我人生嶄新的一頁(yè)，這對(duì)于一個(gè)即將邁出校門(mén)走向工作崗位的學(xué)子，將是一份莫大的鼓勵(lì)。相信您在給予我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)的同時(shí)，您也多了一份選擇！即將走向社會(huì)的我懷著滿腔的熱忱向您推薦我自己——我叫陳國(guó)鋒，是江蘇海事職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院電氣自動(dòng)化2012屆專科畢業(yè)生。獲知貴單位廣納賢才，在我們當(dāng)?shù)囟急环Q為好單位，所以我真誠(chéng)渴望加入，愿奉獻(xiàn)自己熱情和智慧。
在學(xué)校的三年里，我認(rèn)真刻苦，掌握了扎實(shí)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，并且取得了專業(yè)技能證書(shū)。在認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)文化知識(shí)的同時(shí)，此外，我還利用假期和課余時(shí)間，勤工儉學(xué)，了解社會(huì)體驗(yàn)社會(huì)，增加自己的社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
活潑開(kāi)朗、積極進(jìn)取是我的品質(zhì)，沉著和冷靜是我遇事的態(tài)度，廣泛的愛(ài)好使我的生活很充實(shí)，眾多的朋友讓我倍感富有。大學(xué)三年，異地求學(xué)的生涯讓我學(xué)會(huì)了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，對(duì)生活充滿了信心，對(duì)事業(yè)執(zhí)著追求，我有了很強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感和事業(yè)心，這可以使我面對(duì)任何困難和挑戰(zhàn)。
給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)用行動(dòng)來(lái)證明我自己。
最后，衷心祝愿貴公司的事業(yè)蒸蒸日上！
自薦人：陳國(guó)鋒
2011月10月5日
第二篇：胡壯麟語(yǔ)言學(xué)名詞解釋
1.design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.2.function: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,etc.Language functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function.3.etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper.4.emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone.5.synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind.6.diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history.7.prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history.8.prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,i.e.laying down rules for language use.9.descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described.10.arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.11.duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.12.displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication.13.phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of language.14.metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies.15.macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics，anthropological linguistics,et 16.competence: language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules.17.performance: the actual use of language in concrete situation.18.langue: the linguistic competence of the speaker.19.parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances).20． Articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speechsounds.21． Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved..Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation.22． Voicing: pronouncing a sound(usually a vowel or a voiced consonant)by vibrating the vocal cords.23． Broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;while,the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription.24． Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.25． Phoneme: the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language.26． Allophone:any of the different forms of a phoneme(eg.
第三篇：胡壯麟語(yǔ)言學(xué)名詞解釋
1.design feature: are features that define our human languages, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission, etc.2.Function: the use of language to communicate, to think , etc.Language functions include informative function, interpersonal function, performative function, interpersonal function, performative function, emotive function, phatic communion, recreational function and metalingual function.3.etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential, differentiations, just as was often the case with phonetic vs.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper.4.emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech community rather than via appeal to the investigator’s ingenuity or intuition alone.5.synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind.6.diachronic: study of a language is carried through the course of its history.7.prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history.8.prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be, i.e.laying down rules for language use.9.descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described.10.arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.11.duality: one design feature of human language, which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.12.displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present c in time and space, at the moment of communication.13.phatic communion: one function of human language, which refers to the social interaction of language.14.metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies.15.macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnography, science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, et 16.competence: language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules.17.performance: the actual use of language in concrete situation.18.langue: the linguistic competence of the speaker.19.parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances).20.Articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speech sounds.21.Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved.Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation.22.Voicing: pronouncing a sound(usually a vowel or a voiced consonant)by vibrating the vocal cords.23.Broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;while, the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription.24.Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.25.Phoneme: the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language.26.Allophone: any of the different forms of a phoneme(e.g.
46.lexicon: a list of all the words in a language assigned to various lexical categories and provided with semantic interpretation.47.grammatical word: word expressing grammatical meanings, such conjunction, prepositions, articles and pronouns.48.lexical word: word having lexical meanings, that is , those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and verbs.49.open-class: a word whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and many adverbs.50.blending: a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.51.loanvoord: a process in which both form and meaning are borrowed with only a slight adaptation, in some cases, to eh phonological system of the new language that they enter.52.loanblend: a process in which part of the form is native and part is borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed.53.leanshift: a process in which the meaning is borrowed, but the form is native.54.acronym: is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified headword.55.loss: the disappearance of the very sound as a morpheme in the phonological system.56.back-formation: an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already in the language.57.assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called ‖contact‖ or ‖contiguous‖ assimilation.58.dissimilation: the influence exercised.By one sound segment upon the articulation of another, so that the sounds become less alike, or different.59.Folk etymology: a change in form of a word or phrase, resulting from an incorrect popular nation of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous 60.category:parts of speech and function, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, etc.61.concord: also known as agreement, is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.62.syntagmatic relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present.63.paradigmatic relation: a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and he others absent.64.immediate constituent analysis: the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups(or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.65.endocentric construction: one construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the whole.Hence an endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction.66.exocentric construction: a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any to any of its constituents.67.deep structure: the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, i.e.the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents , such as the relation between, the underlying subject and its verb, or a verb and its object.68.surfacte structure: the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction, which closely corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and receive.69.c-command: one of the similarities, or of the more general features, in these two government relations, is technically called constituent command, c-command for short.70.government and binding theory: it is the fourth period of development Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which consists of X-bar theme: the basis, or the starting point, of the utterance.71.communicative dynamism: the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the communication.72.ideational function: the speaker’s experience of the real world, including the inner world of his own consciousness.73.interpersonal function: the use of language to establish and maintain social relations: for the expression of social roles, which include the communication roles created by language itself;and also for getting things done, by means of the interaction between one person and another..74.textual function: the use of language that provide for making links with itself and with features of the situation in which it is used.75.conceptual meaning: the central part of meaning, which contains logical, cognitive, or denotative content.76.denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world.77.connotation: a term in a contrast with denotation, meaning the properties of the entity a word denotes.78.reference: the use of language to express a proposition, meaning the properties of the entity a word denotes.79.reference: the use of language to express a proposition, i.e.to talk about things in context.80.sense: the literal meaning of a word or an expression, independent of situational context.81.synonymy: is the technical name for the sameness relation.82.complentary antonymy: members of a pair in complementary antonymy are complementary to each field completely, such as male, female, absent.83.gradable antonymy: members of this kind are gradable, such as long;short, big;small, fat;thin, etc.84.converse antonymy: a special kind of antonymy in that members of a pair do not constitute a positive-negative opposition, such as buy;sell, lend, borrow, above, below, etc.85.relational opposites: converse antonymy in reciprocal social roles, kinship relations, temporal and spatial relations.There are always two entities involved.One presupposes the other.The shorter, better;worse.etc are instances of relational opposites.86.hyponymy: a relation between tow words, in which the meaning of one word(the superordinate)is included in the meaning of another word(the hyponym)87.superordinate: the upper term in hyponymy, i.e.the class name.A superordinate usually has several hyponyms.Under animal, for example, there are cats, dogs, pigs, etc, 88.semantic component: a distinguishable element of meaning in a word with two values, e.g.<+human> 89.compositionality: a principle for sentence analysis, in which the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined.90.selection restriction: semantic restrictions of the noun phrases that a particular lexical item can take, e.g.regret requires a human subject.91.prepositional logic: also known as prepositional calculus or sentential calculus, is the study of the truth conditions for propositions: how the truth of a composite propositions and the connection between them.92.proposition;what is talk about in an utterance, that part of the speech act which has to do with reference.93.predicate logic: also predicate calculus, which studies the internal structure of simple.94.assimilation theory: language(sound, word, syntax, etc)change or process by which features of one element change to match those of another that precedes or follows.95.cohort theory: theory of the perception of spoken words proposed in the mid-1980s.It assumes a ―recognition lexicon‖ in which each word is represented by a full and independent ‖recognition element‖.When the system receives the beginning of a relevant acoustic signal, all elements matching it are fully activated, and, as more of the signal is received, the system tries to match it independently with each of them, Wherever it fails the element is deactivated;this process continues until only one remains active.96.context effect: this effect help people recognize a word more readily when the receding words provide an appropriate context for it.97.Frequency effect: describes the additional ease with which a word is accessed due to its more frequent usage in language.98.inference in context: any conclusion drawn from a set of proposition, from something someone has said, and so on.It includes things that, while not following logically, are implied, in an ordinary sense, e.g.in a specific context.99.immediate assumption: the reader is supposed to carry out the progresses required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word in encountered.100.language perception: language awareness of things through the physical senses, esp, sight.101.language comprehension: one of the three strand of psycholinguistic research, which studies the understanding of language.102.language production: a goal-directed activity, in the sense that people speak and write in order to make friends, influence people, convey information and so on.103.language production: a goal-directed activity, in the sense that people speak and write in order to make friends, influence people, convey information and so on.104.lexical ambiguity: ambiguity explained by reference to lexical meanings: e.g.that of I saw a bat, where a bat might refer to an animal or, among others, stable tennis bat.105.macroproposition: general propositions used to form an overall macrostructure of the story.106.modular: which a assumes that the mind is structured into separate modules or components, each governed by its own principles and operating independently of others.107.parsing:the task of assigning words to parts of speech with their appropriate accidents, traditionally e.g.to pupils learning lat in grammar.108.propositions: whatever is seen as expressed by a sentence which makes a statement.It is a property of propositions that they have truth values.109.psycholinguistics: is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structure.Psycholinguistics can be divided into cognitive psycholinguistics(being concerned above all with making inferences about the content of human mind, and experimental psycholinguistics(being concerned somehow with empirical matters, such as speed of response to a particular word).110.psycholinguistic reality: the reality of grammar, etc.as a purported account of structures represented in the mind of a speaker.Often opposed, in discussion of the merits of alternative grammars, to criteria of simplicity, elegance, and internal consistency.111.schemata in text: packets of stored knowledge in language processing.112.story structure: the way in which various parts of story are arranged or organized.113.writing process: a series of actions or events that are part of a writing or continuing development.114.communicative competence: a speaker’s knowledge of the total set of rules, conventions, etc.governing the skilled use of language in a society.Distinguished by D.Hymes in the late 1960s from Chomsky’s concept of competence, in the restricted sense of knowledge of a grammar.115.gender difference: a difference in a speech between men and women is‖genden difference‖
116.linguistic determinism: one of the two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, i.e.language determines thought.117.linguistic relativity: one of the two points in Spir-Whorf hypothesis, i.e.there’s no limit to the structural diversity of languages.118.linguistic sexism: many differences between me and women in language use are brought about by nothing less than women’s place in society.119.sociolinguistics of language: one of the two things in sociolinguistics, in which we want to look at structural things by paying attention to language use in a social context.120.sociolinguistics of society;one of the two things in sociolinguistics, in which we try to understand sociological things of society by examining linguistic phenomena of a speaking community.121.variationist linguistics: a branch of linguistics, which studies the relationship between speakers’ social starts and phonological variations.122.performative: an utterance by which a speaker does something does something, as opposed to a constative, by which makes a statement which may be true or false.123.constative: an utterance by which a speaker expresses a proposition which may be true or false.124.locutionary act: the act of saying something;it’s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.Namely.the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.125.illocutionary act: the act performed in saying something;its force is identical with the speaker’s intention.126.perlocutionary act: the act performed by or resulting from saying something, it’s the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.127.conversational implicature: the extra meaning not contained in the literal utterances, understandable to the listener only when he shares the speaker’s knowledge or knows why and how he violates intentionally one of the four maxims of the cooperative principle.128.entailment: relation between propositions one of which necessarily follows from the other: e.g.‖ Mary is running‖ entails, among other things, ‖Mary is not standing still‖.129.ostensive communication: a complete characterization of communication is that it is ostensive-infer-entail.130.communicative principle of relevance: every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance.131.relevance: a property that any utterance, or a proposition that it communicates, must, in the nature of communication, necessarily have.132.Q-principle: one of the two principles in Horn’s scale, i.e.Make your contribution necessary(G.Relation, Quantity2, Manner);Say no more than you must(given Q).133.division of pragmatic labor: the use of a marked creatively complex and/or expression when a corresponding unmarked(simpler, less ‖effortful‖)alternate expression is available tends to be interpreted as conveying a marked message(one which the unmarked alternative would not or could not have conveyed).134.constraints on Horn scales: the hearer-based o-Principle is a sufficiency condition in the sense that information provided is the most the speaker is able to..135.third-person narrator: of the narrator is not a character in the fictional world, he or she is usually called a third –person narrator.136.I-narrator: the person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story, relating the story after the event.137.direct speech: a kind of speech presentation in which the character said in its fullest form.138.indirect speech: a kind of speech presentation in which the character said in its fullest form.139.indirect speech: a kind of speech presentation which is an amalgam of direct speech.140.narrator’s representation of speech acts: a minimalist kind of presentation in which a part of passage can be seen as a summary of a longer piece of discourse, and therefore even more backgrounded than indirect speech representation would be.141.narrator‖srepresentation of thought acts: a kind of categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their of characters are exactly as that used to present speech acts.For example, she considered his unpunctuality.142.indirect thought: a kind of categories used by novelist to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly as that used to present indirect speech.For example, she thought that he would be late.143.Fee indirect speech: a further category which can occur, which is an amalgam of direct speech and indirect speech features.144.narrator’s representation of thought acts: a kind of the categories used by novelists to present the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech e.g.He spent the day thinking.145.indirect thought: a kind of categories used by novelist to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly as that used to present indirect speech.For example, she thought that he would be late.146.Fee indirect speech: a further category which can occur, which is an amalgam of direct speech and indirect speech features.147.narrator’s representation of thought: the categories used by novelists to present the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech e.g.He spent the day thinking.148.Free indirect thought: the categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech, e.g.He was bound to be late.149.direct thought: categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech..150.computer system: the machine itself together with a keyboard, printer, screen, disk drives, programs, etc.151.computer literacy: those people who have sufficient knowledge and skill in the use of computers and computer software.152.computer linguistics: a branch of applied linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language.153.Call: computer-assisted language learning(call), refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language.154.programmed instruction: the use of computers to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate lessons, material, etc.155.local area network: are computers linked together by cables in a classroom, lab, or building.They offer teachers a novel approach for creating new activities for students that provide more time and experience with target language.156.CD-ROM: computer disk-read only memory allows huge amount of information to be stored on one disk with quick access to the information.Students and teachers can access information quickly and efficiently for use in and out of the classroom.157.machine translation: refers to the use of machine(usually computer)to translate texts from one language to another.158.concordance: the use of computer to search for a particular word, sequence of words.Or perhaps even a part of speech in a text.The computer can also receive all examples of a particular word, usually in a context, which is a further aid to the linguist.It can also calculate the number of occurrences of the word so that information on the frequency of the word may be gathered.159.annotation: if corpora is said to be annotated-it appears in its existing raw state of plain text, whereas annotated corpora has been enhanced with various type of linguistic information，160.annotation: if corpora is said to be annotated—it appears in its existing raw state of plain text, whereas annotated corpora has been enhanced with various type of linguistic information.161.informational retrieval: the term conventionally though somewhat inaccurately, applied to the type of activity discussed in this volume.An information retrieval system does not inform(i.e.change the knowledge of)the user on the subject of his inquiry.it merely informs on the existence(or non-existence)and whereabouts of documents relating to his request.162.document representative: information structure is concerned with exploiting relationships, between documents to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of retrieval strategies.It covers specifically a logical organization of information, such as document representatives, for the purpose of information retrieval.163.precision: the proportion of retrieval documents which are relevant.164.recall: the proportion of retrieval documents which are relevant.165.applied linguistics: applications of linguistics to study of second and foreign language learning and teaching, and other areas such as translation, the compiling of dictionaries, etc 166.communicative competence: as defined by Hymes, the knowledge and ability involved in putting language to communicative use.167.syllabus: the planning of course of instruction.It is a description of the course content, teaching procedures and learning experiences.168.interlanguage:the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language, i.e.the language system between the target language and the learner’s native language.169.transfer: the influence of mother tongue upon the second language.When structures of the two languages are similar, we can get positive transfer of facilitation;when the two languages are different in structures, negative transfer of inference occurs and results in errors.170.validity: the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measure.There are four kinds of validity, i.e.content validity, construct validity, empirical validity, and face validity.171.rebiability: can be defined as consistency.There are two kinds of reliability, i.e.stability reliability, and equivalence reliability.172.hypercorrection: overuse of a standard linguistic features, in terms of both frequency, i.e.over passing the speakers of higher social status, and overshooting the target, i.e.extending the use of a form in a linguistic environment where it is not expected to occur, For example，pronouncing ideas as [ai’dier], extending pronouncing post-vocalic/r/ in an environment where it’s not supposed to occur.173.discrete point test: a kind of test in which language structures or skills are further divided into individual points of phonology, syntax and lexis.174.integrative test: a kind of test in which language structures or skills are further divided into individual points of phonology, syntax and lexis.
第四篇：胡猛自薦信
自薦信
貴公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：
您好！真誠(chéng)地感謝您在繁忙的工作中瀏覽這份自薦材料，這里有一顆熱情而赤誠(chéng)的心靈渴望得到您的了解、支持與幫助，在此，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向您毛遂自薦。
我叫胡猛，是安徽水利水電學(xué)院機(jī)械工程系機(jī)械制造與自動(dòng)化2012年應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生，面臨擇業(yè),我選擇應(yīng)聘富有雄厚實(shí)力的貴公司。
作為?？茖W(xué)校的學(xué)生，掌握扎實(shí)的專業(yè)技能是我們?cè)诟?jìng)爭(zhēng)中致勝的法寶。因此，我們隨時(shí)注意到理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，認(rèn)真學(xué)好每一門(mén)課程。增強(qiáng)自己的實(shí)際操作能力。通過(guò)在校的學(xué)習(xí)，自己在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了一定的成績(jī)。
在學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識(shí)和拓展個(gè)人興趣的同時(shí)，強(qiáng)烈的集體榮譽(yù)感和奉獻(xiàn)激情又使我積極、熱情、務(wù)實(shí)地投入到一些有益的社會(huì)活動(dòng)中。在假期中，我認(rèn)真參加了社會(huì)實(shí)踐，使我學(xué)到了在書(shū)本上學(xué)不到的知識(shí)，盡管時(shí)間很短，但體會(huì)頗深，無(wú)論是在業(yè)務(wù)能力，還是社交能力，都有一定的提高，具備了一定的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
雖然我剛從學(xué)校畢業(yè)，工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)有限。但是，在這次應(yīng)征之前，我就對(duì)自己別以了評(píng)估，我覺(jué)得以我有較扎實(shí)的專業(yè)知識(shí)與較強(qiáng)的敬業(yè)精神，實(shí)踐經(jīng)歷，我相信自己適合機(jī)械行業(yè)，售后，銷售以及服務(wù)顧問(wèn)等相關(guān)工作。請(qǐng)您相信我，給我一個(gè)發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)以一顆真誠(chéng)善良的心、飽滿的工作熱情、勤奮務(wù)實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)、快速高效的工作效率回報(bào)貴單位。我的個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷在附件中，相信您的信任和我的勤奮的結(jié)合將會(huì)為我們帶來(lái)共同的成功。感謝您在百忙之中讀完我的自薦信，誠(chéng)祝事業(yè)蒸蒸日上，工作順利！
此致
敬禮
自薦人：胡猛
第五篇：[語(yǔ)言學(xué)]胡壯麟版《語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程》名詞解釋
胡壯麟《語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程》術(shù)語(yǔ)表 第一章
phonology音系學(xué) grammar語(yǔ)法學(xué) morphology形態(tài)學(xué) syntax句法學(xué) lexicology詞匯學(xué)
general linguistics普通語(yǔ)言學(xué) theoretical linguistics理論語(yǔ)言學(xué) historical linguistics歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué) descriptive linguistics描寫(xiě)語(yǔ)言學(xué) empirical linguistics經(jīng)驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言學(xué) dialectology方言學(xué) anthropology人類學(xué) stylistics文體學(xué) signifier能指 signified所指 morphs形素
morphotactics語(yǔ)素結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)/形態(tài)配列學(xué)
syntactic categories句法范疇 syntactic classes句法類別序列 sub-structure低層結(jié)構(gòu) super-structure上層結(jié)構(gòu) open syllable開(kāi)音節(jié) closed syllable閉音節(jié) checked syllable成阻音節(jié) rank 等級(jí) level層次
ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能論
sing-song theory唱歌說(shuō) yo-he-ho theory勞動(dòng)喊聲說(shuō) pooh-pooh theory感嘆說(shuō) ta-ta theory模仿說(shuō)
animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模聲說(shuō)
Prague school布拉格學(xué)派 Bilateral opposition雙邊對(duì)立 Mutilateral opposition多邊對(duì)立 Proportional opposition部分對(duì)立 Isolated opposition孤立對(duì)立 Private opposition表缺對(duì)立 Graded opposition漸次對(duì)立 Equipollent opposition均等對(duì)立 Neutralizable opposition可中立對(duì)立 Constant opposition恒定對(duì)立 Systemic-functional grammar系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法
Meaning potential意義潛勢(shì) Conversational implicature會(huì)話含義 Deictics指示詞 Presupposition預(yù)設(shè) Speech acts言語(yǔ)行為 Discourse analysis話語(yǔ)分析 Contetualism語(yǔ)境論 Phatic communion寒暄交談 Metalanguage原語(yǔ)言 Applied linguistics應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué) Nominalism唯名學(xué)派 Psychosomatics身學(xué)
第二章
trachea/windpipe氣管 tip舌尖 blade舌葉/舌面 front舌前部 center舌中部 top舌頂 back舌后部 dorsum舌背 root舌跟 pharynx喉/咽腔 laryngeals喉音 laryngealization喉化音 vocal cords聲帶 vocal tract聲腔 initiator啟動(dòng)部分
pulmonic airstream mechanism肺氣流機(jī)制
glottalic airstream mechanism喉氣流機(jī)制
velaric airstream mechanism腭氣流機(jī)制
Adam’s apple喉結(jié) Voiceless sound清音 Voiceless consonant請(qǐng)輔音 Voiced sound濁音 Voiced consonant濁輔音 Glottal stop喉塞音 Breath state呼吸狀態(tài) Voice state帶音狀態(tài) Whisper state耳語(yǔ)狀態(tài) Closed state封閉狀態(tài) Alveolar ride齒齦隆骨 Dorsum舌背 Ejective呼氣音 Glottalised stop喉塞音 Impossive內(nèi)爆破音 Click/ingressive吸氣音
Segmental phonology音段音系學(xué) Segmental phonemes音段音位 Suprasegmental超音段 Non-segmental非音段 Plurisegmental復(fù)音段 Synthetic language綜合型語(yǔ)言 Diacritic mark附加符號(hào) Broad transcription寬式標(biāo)音 Narrow transcription窄式標(biāo)音 Orthoepy正音法 Orthography正字法 Etymology詞源
Active articulator積極發(fā)音器官 Movable speech organ能動(dòng)發(fā)音器官 Passive articulator消極發(fā)音器官 Immovable speech organ不能動(dòng)發(fā)音器官 Lateral邊音
Approximant [j,w]無(wú)摩擦延續(xù)音 Resonant共鳴音
Central approximant中央無(wú)摩擦延續(xù)音
Lateral approximant邊無(wú)摩擦延續(xù)音
Unilateral consonant單邊輔音 Bilateral consonant雙邊輔音 Non-lateral非邊音
Trill [r]顫音 trilled consonant顫輔音rolled consonant滾輔音 Labal-velar唇化軟腭音 Interdental齒間音 Post-dental后齒音 Apico-alveolar舌尖齒齦音 Dorso-alveolar舌背齒齦音 Palato-alveolar后齒齦音 Palato-alveolar腭齒齦音 Dorso-palatal舌背腭音 Pre-palatal前腭音 Post-palatal后腭音 Velarization軟腭音化 Voicing濁音化 Devoicing清音化 Pure vowel純?cè)?Diphthong二合元音 Triphthong三合元音 Diphthongization二合元音化 Monophthongization單元音化 Centring diphthong央二合元音 Closing diphthong閉二合元音 Narrow diphthong窄二合元音 Wide diphthong寬二合元音 Phonetic similarity語(yǔ)音相似性 Free variant自由變體 Free variation自由變異
Contiguous assimilation臨近同化 Juxtapostional assimilation鄰接同化 Regressive assimilation逆同化 Anticipatory assimilation先行同化 Progressive assimilation順同化 Reciprocal assimilation互相同化 Coalescent assimilation融合同化 Partial assimilation部分同化 Epenthesis插音 Primary stress主重音 Secondary stress次重音 Weak stress弱重音 Stress group重音群 Sentence stress句子重音 Contrastive stress對(duì)比重音 Lexical stress詞匯重音 Word stress詞重音 Lexical tone詞匯聲調(diào) Nuclear tone核心聲調(diào) Tonetics聲調(diào)學(xué)
Intonation contour語(yǔ)調(diào)升降曲線 Tone units聲調(diào)單位 Intonology語(yǔ)調(diào)學(xué)
Multilevel phonology多層次音系學(xué) Monosyllabic word多音節(jié)詞 Polysyllabic word單音節(jié)次 Maximal onset principle最大節(jié)首輔音原則
第三章 詞匯
liaison連音
contracted form縮寫(xiě)形式 frequency count詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì) a unit of vocabulary詞匯單位 a lexical item詞條 a lexeme詞位 hierarchy層次性 lexicogrammar詞匯語(yǔ)法 morpheme語(yǔ)素
nonomorphemic words單語(yǔ)素詞 polymorphemic words多語(yǔ)素詞 relative uninterruptibility相對(duì)連續(xù)性 a minimum free form最小自由形式 the maximum free form最大自由形式 variable words 可變?cè)~ invariable words不變?cè)~ paradigm聚合體
grammatical words(function words)語(yǔ)法詞/功能詞
lexical words(content words)詞匯詞/實(shí)義詞
closed-class words封閉類詞 opened-class words開(kāi)放類詞 word class詞類 particles小品詞 pro-form代詞形式 pro-adjective(so)代形容詞 pro-verb(do/did)代副詞 pro-adverb(so)代動(dòng)詞
pro-locative(there)代處所詞/代方位詞 determiners限定詞 predeterminers前置限定詞 central determiners中置限定詞 post determiners后置限定詞 ordinal number序數(shù)詞 cardinal number基數(shù)詞 morpheme詞素 morphology形態(tài)學(xué) free morpheme自由詞素 bound morpheme黏著詞素 root詞根 affix詞綴 stem詞干
root morpheme詞根語(yǔ)素 prefix前綴 infix中綴 suffix后綴
bound root morpheme黏著詞根詞素 inflectional affix屈折詞綴 derivational affix派生詞綴 inflectional morphemes屈折語(yǔ)素 derivational morphemes派生語(yǔ)素 word-formation構(gòu)詞 compound復(fù)合詞
endocentric compound向心復(fù)合詞 exocentric compound離心復(fù)合詞 nominal endocentric compound名詞性向心復(fù)合詞
adjective endocentric compound形容詞性向心復(fù)合詞
verbal compound動(dòng)詞性復(fù)合詞
synthetic compound綜合性復(fù)合詞 derivation派生詞 morpheme語(yǔ)素 phoneme音位
morphonology形態(tài)語(yǔ)音學(xué) morphophomemics形態(tài)音位學(xué) morphemic structure語(yǔ)素結(jié)構(gòu) phonological structure音素結(jié)構(gòu) monosyllabic單音節(jié) polysyllabic多音節(jié)
phonological conditioned音位的限制 morphological conditioned形態(tài)的限制
coinage/invention新創(chuàng)詞語(yǔ) blending混成法 abbreviation縮寫(xiě)法 acronym首字母縮寫(xiě)法
back-formation逆序造次/逆構(gòu)詞法 analogical creation類比構(gòu)詞法 borrowing借詞法 loanword借詞 loanblend混合借詞 loanshift轉(zhuǎn)移借詞 loan translation翻譯借詞 loss脫落 addition添加 metathesis換位 assimilation同化
contact assimilation接觸性同化 contiguous assimilation臨近性同化 theory of least effort省力理論 non-contiguous assimilation非臨近性同化
distant assimilation遠(yuǎn)距離同化 morpho-syntactic change形態(tài)-句法變化
morphological change形態(tài)變化 syntactical change句法變化 finite element有定成分 semantic change語(yǔ)義變化 multisemous多種意義 broadening詞義擴(kuò)大 narrowing詞義縮小 meaning shift詞義轉(zhuǎn)移 class shift詞性變換 folk etymology俗詞源
orthographic change拼寫(xiě)的變化 conversion變換/變碼 domain范圍/領(lǐng)域 meaning shift意義轉(zhuǎn)移
split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes)calque仿造詞語(yǔ) clipping截?cái)喾?metanalysis再分化 finiteness定式
proximate(this)近指代詞 obviative(that)遠(yuǎn)指代詞
non-productivity/unproductive非多產(chǎn)性
semiotics符號(hào)學(xué)
paradigmatic relations聚合關(guān)系 associative relations聯(lián)想關(guān)系 syntagmatic relations組合關(guān)系 sequential relations序列關(guān)系 logogram語(yǔ)標(biāo) register語(yǔ)域
passive vocabulary消極詞匯 lexis/vocabulary詞匯表
第四章 句法 number數(shù) gender性 case格 nominative主格 vocative呼格 accusative兵格 genitive屬格 dative與格 ablative離格 tense 時(shí) aspect體 perfective完成體 imperfective未完成體
concord/agreement一致關(guān)系/協(xié)同關(guān)系
government支配關(guān)系 the governor支配者 the governed被支配者 signified能指 signifier所指
syntagmatic relationship組合關(guān)系 paradigmatic relationship聚合關(guān)系 associative relationship聯(lián)想關(guān)系 animate noun有生名詞 the two axes兩根坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo)軸 immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法 linear structure線性結(jié)構(gòu) hierarchical structure層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) construction結(jié)構(gòu)體 constituent成分 substituability替換性
labeled tree diagram標(biāo)簽樹(shù)形圖 endocentric/headed construction向心結(jié)構(gòu)/中心結(jié)構(gòu)
exocentric construction離心結(jié)構(gòu) subordinate construction主從結(jié)構(gòu) coordinate construction并列結(jié)構(gòu) recapitulation再現(xiàn) the declarative陳述句 the interrogative疑問(wèn)句 dative movement與格移位 morph-phonemic rule形態(tài)音位規(guī)則 constituent morphemes成分規(guī)則 affix hopping詞綴越位 nominalization名物化 object-deletion賓語(yǔ)刪除 subject-deletion主語(yǔ)刪除 categories語(yǔ)類 lexicon詞庫(kù)
temporal subject表時(shí)間的主語(yǔ)
syntactic limitation句法限制 standard theory標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論 trace theory語(yǔ)跡理論 the same index帶同標(biāo)志 government管轄 binding約束
a rule system規(guī)則系統(tǒng) a principle system原則系統(tǒng) constituent command(C-command for short)成分統(tǒng)制 plain English普通英語(yǔ) anaphor照應(yīng)語(yǔ) pronominal指代語(yǔ)
r-expression(referential-expression)指稱語(yǔ)
INFL(inflection)形態(tài)變化 reciprocals(each other)相互代詞 accessible subject可及主語(yǔ) local domain局部語(yǔ)域 binding domain約束語(yǔ)域 logophoricity主人公視角 CS(computational system)計(jì)算系統(tǒng) Merger合并 move移動(dòng) theme主位 rheme述位
empty subject空主語(yǔ) objective order客觀順序 subjective order主觀順序
actual sentence division實(shí)義句子切分法
functional sentence perspective 功能句子觀
communicative dynamism(CD)交際動(dòng)力
bipartition二分法
tripartite classification三分法 representative function表達(dá)功能 expressive function表情功能 appellative/vocative function稱呼功能 conative function意欲功能 poetic function詩(shī)學(xué)功能 ideational function概念功能 interpersonal function人際功能 textual function語(yǔ)篇功能 transitivity及物性 actor動(dòng)作者
mood system語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)
the finite verbal operator限定部分 residue剩余部分 indicative直陳語(yǔ)氣 imperative祈使語(yǔ)氣
mental-process(a process of sensing)心理過(guò)程（感覺(jué)過(guò)程）
relational process(a process of being)關(guān)系過(guò)程（屬性過(guò)程）
verbal process(a process of saying)言語(yǔ)過(guò)程（講話過(guò)程）existential process生存過(guò)程
第四章 句法
number數(shù) gender性 case格
nominative主格 vocative呼格 accusative兵格 genitive屬格 dative與格 ablative離格 tense 時(shí) aspect體 perfective完成體 imperfective未完成體
concord/agreement一致關(guān)系/協(xié)同關(guān)系
government支配關(guān)系 the governor支配者 the governed被支配者 signified能指 signifier所指
syntagmatic relationship組合關(guān)系 paradigmatic relationship聚合關(guān)系 associative relationship聯(lián)想關(guān)系 animate noun有生名詞 the two axes兩根坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo)軸 immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法 linear structure線性結(jié)構(gòu) hierarchical structure層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) construction結(jié)構(gòu)體 constituent成分 substituability替換性
labeled tree diagram標(biāo)簽樹(shù)形圖 endocentric/headed construction向心結(jié)構(gòu)/中心結(jié)構(gòu)
exocentric construction離心結(jié)構(gòu) subordinate construction主從結(jié)構(gòu) coordinate construction并列結(jié)構(gòu) recapitulation再現(xiàn) the declarative陳述句 the interrogative疑問(wèn)句 dative movement與格移位 morph-phonemic rule形態(tài)音位規(guī)則 constituent morphemes成分規(guī)則 affix hopping詞綴越位 nominalization名物化 object-deletion賓語(yǔ)刪除 subject-deletion主語(yǔ)刪除 categories語(yǔ)類 lexicon詞庫(kù)
temporal subject表時(shí)間的主語(yǔ) syntactic limitation句法限制 standard theory標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論 trace theory語(yǔ)跡理論 the same index帶同標(biāo)志 government管轄 binding約束
a rule system規(guī)則系統(tǒng) a principle system原則系統(tǒng)
constituent command(C-command for short)成分統(tǒng)制 plain English普通英語(yǔ) anaphor照應(yīng)語(yǔ) pronominal指代語(yǔ)
r-expression(referential-expression)指稱語(yǔ)
INFL(inflection)形態(tài)變化 reciprocals(each other)相互代詞 accessible subject可及主語(yǔ) local domain局部語(yǔ)域 binding domain約束語(yǔ)域 logophoricity主人公視角 CS(computational system)計(jì)算系統(tǒng)=derivational procedure推導(dǎo)系統(tǒng) Merger合并 move移動(dòng) theme主位 rheme述位
empty subject空主語(yǔ) objective order客觀順序 subjective order主觀順序
actual sentence division實(shí)義句子切分法
functional sentence perspective 功能句子觀
communicative dynamism(CD)交際動(dòng)力
bipartition二分法
tripartite classification三分法 representative function表達(dá)功能 expressive function表情功能 appellative/vocative function稱呼功能 conative function意欲功能 poetic function詩(shī)學(xué)功能 ideational function概念功能 interpersonal function人際功能 textual function語(yǔ)篇功能 transitivity及物性 actor動(dòng)作者
mood system語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)
the finite verbal operator限定部分 residue剩余部分 indicative直陳語(yǔ)氣 imperative祈使語(yǔ)氣
mental-process(a process of sensing)心理過(guò)程（感覺(jué)過(guò)程）
relational process(a process of being)關(guān)系過(guò)程（屬性過(guò)程）
verbal process(a process of saying)言語(yǔ)過(guò)程（講話過(guò)程）existential process生存過(guò)程
empiricism經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義（洛克，白板說(shuō)）rationalism 理性主義（笛卡爾）mentalism心靈主義 new empiricism新經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義(Bloomfield)
priori先天綜合判斷（康德Kant）Cartesian linguistics笛卡爾語(yǔ)言學(xué)派 Syntactic structure(SS)早期轉(zhuǎn)換句法時(shí)期
Standard theory(ST)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論時(shí)期 Extended Standard theory(EST)擴(kuò)展的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論
Revised Standard theory(REST)擴(kuò)展的休正標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論
The theory of government and binding(GB theory)管轄和約束理論時(shí)期（管約論）
Minimalist program(MP)最簡(jiǎn)方案時(shí)期
Structural description結(jié)構(gòu)描寫(xiě)式 Performance system應(yīng)用系統(tǒng) Modular theory模塊理論 Spell-out拼寫(xiě)
Language faculty語(yǔ)言機(jī)制/官能 Mental organ心智器官
Knowledge of language 語(yǔ)言知識(shí) Meaning potential 意義潛勢(shì) Context culture 文化語(yǔ)境 Field語(yǔ)場(chǎng) Tenor語(yǔ)旨 Mode語(yǔ)式 pivot words軸心詞 mental construct心理構(gòu)念
theoretical cognitive psychology理論認(rèn)知心理學(xué)
psychological faculty心理官能 autosyn/autogram/autoknow語(yǔ)法自主(arbitrariness任意性,systemacity系統(tǒng)性, self-containedness自足性)typological functionalism類型學(xué)功能主義
extreme functionalism極端的功能主義
external functionalism外部功能主義 integrative functionalism一體化功能注主義
exceptional case marking例外格標(biāo)記 specifier標(biāo)定成分
fall-category maximal projection全語(yǔ)類的最大投射
two-segment category兩節(jié)語(yǔ)類 complement domain補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)區(qū)域 minimal domain最小區(qū)域 internal domain內(nèi)部區(qū)域 checking domain檢驗(yàn)區(qū)域 sisterhood姐妹關(guān)系
minimizing chain link最小語(yǔ)鏈聯(lián)結(jié) representational system表達(dá)系統(tǒng) strict cyclic principle嚴(yán)格的層級(jí)條件 structure-preserving principle結(jié)構(gòu)保存原則
C-commanding condition成分統(tǒng)領(lǐng)條件
articulatory-perceptual system發(fā)音-聽(tīng)音系統(tǒng)
conceptual-intentional system概念-意旨系統(tǒng)
interface conditions中介條件 full-interpretation完全解釋原則
procrastination邏輯形式操作優(yōu)先原則
greed句法操作自利原則
the shortest linkage principle最短聯(lián)接原則
the shortest movement principle最短移位原則 primary
complement/modifier(referential NP)一級(jí)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)位/修飾語(yǔ)位(定指名詞短語(yǔ))
secondary complement(non-referential NP)二級(jí)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)位(非定指名詞短語(yǔ))empty category principle空范疇原則 aspect checking特征驗(yàn)證 aspect feature基本體貌特征 ASPP is functional projection.ASPP 是功能投射.crossing branch交叉分支
across the board extraction抽取跨界移動(dòng)
principles-and-parameters framework原則與參數(shù)語(yǔ)法
head parameter中心語(yǔ)參數(shù) logical form(LF)邏輯形式 phonetic form(PF)語(yǔ)音形式 spell-out拼讀
phonological component音韻部分 overt component顯性部分 covert component隱性部分 core computation核心運(yùn)算
asymmetric c-command不對(duì)稱成分統(tǒng)制
linear correspondence axiom線形對(duì)應(yīng)定理
adjunction加接 determiner限定詞 concatenate聯(lián)結(jié) linearization線性化
functional parameterization hypothesis功能參數(shù)設(shè)定假設(shè) right-branching右向分支 X’(V,N,A,P)詞項(xiàng)
X’’=XP=Xmax是X的二階投射結(jié)構(gòu) Y’’=指示語(yǔ)specifier Z’’=補(bǔ)述語(yǔ)complement IP=屈折短語(yǔ)inflection phrase XP=general phrase structure CHL人類語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)算系統(tǒng)=computational system for human language
LCA線性對(duì)應(yīng)定理=linear correspondence axiom Xmin=X0=最小投射
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