第一篇：2012大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作輔導(dǎo)

2012大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作輔導(dǎo)

記敘文的思路與練習(xí)

記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫(xiě)人為主，又可以以寫(xiě)事為主。寫(xiě)記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：

時(shí)間（When）—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間？

地點(diǎn)（Where）—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有地點(diǎn)變化？

人物（Who）—— 何人參與，誰(shuí)是主角？

事件（What）—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)？

原因（Why）—— 事件的起因？

結(jié)果（How）—— 事件的經(jīng)過(guò)及結(jié)局？

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。

記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開(kāi)。

【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過(guò)一次專門(mén)的記敘文體裁的寫(xiě)作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出現(xiàn)過(guò)包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。

對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開(kāi)始構(gòu)思了。

When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。

Where：到哪兒散步？去公園？在校園里？在街上（街上空氣不好，還是不去?。?。

Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書(shū)背單詞的學(xué)生。

What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂(lè)跳舞，打球，等等。

Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書(shū)，讀讀單詞。

當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。

An Early Morning Walk

One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序（in chronological order），第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間（One morning）、人物（第一人稱“I”），并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)（What was the setting），接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)（in the park），然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)（What was happening），最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。

1.以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫(xiě)。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。

When：

Where：

Who：

What：

Why：

How：

參考思路

When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子？考前的晚上？公布成績(jī)的日子？周末？

Where：在大街上違章停車(chē)？在學(xué)校？在商場(chǎng)？在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書(shū)館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳？

Who：是我倒霉？是好友？你？那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友？

What：拿到罰單？上課上班遲到？失戀？被竊？四級(jí)沒(méi)過(guò)？

Why：倒霉嘛，無(wú)非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過(guò)頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦…

How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過(guò)也無(wú)所謂嘛…

想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東西挑出來(lái)，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。

根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1）用第一人稱;2）短語(yǔ)提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3）寫(xiě)出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。

參考范文

Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫(xiě)一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作輔導(dǎo)教程

記敘文的思路與練習(xí)

記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫(xiě)人為主，又可以以寫(xiě)事為主。寫(xiě)記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間?

地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有地點(diǎn)變化?

人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰(shuí)是主角?

事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?

原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?

結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過(guò)及結(jié)局?

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。

記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開(kāi)。

【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過(guò)一次專門(mén)的記敘文體裁的寫(xiě)作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過(guò)包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。

對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開(kāi)始構(gòu)思了。When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。

Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。

Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書(shū)背單詞的學(xué)生。

What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂(lè)跳舞，打球，等等。

Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書(shū)，讀讀單詞。

當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。

參考范文

An Early Morning Walk

One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some

were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序(in chronological order)，第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)(What was the setting)，接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)(in the park)，然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)(What was happening)，最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。

1.以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫(xiě)。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。When：

Where：

Who：

What：

Why：

How：

參考思路

When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成績(jī)的日子?周末?

Where：在大街上違章停車(chē)?在學(xué)校?在商場(chǎng)?在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書(shū)館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳?

Who：是我倒霉?是好友?你?那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友?

What：拿到罰單?上課上班遲到?失戀?被竊?四級(jí)沒(méi)過(guò)?

Why：倒霉嘛，無(wú)非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過(guò)頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦?

How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過(guò)也無(wú)所謂嘛?

想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東東挑出來(lái)，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。

根據(jù)自己的思路，寫(xiě)一篇文章：

參考范文

A Most Unlucky Day

I had a streak of tough luck yesterday.Everything，it seemed to me，went wrong.And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day.In the morning，as luck would have it，my alarm clock didn’t ring，and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual.I was in such a hurry that，when making an omelet，I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen.Having no time for my breakfast at that point，I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers.I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway，but somehow I couldn’t make it.I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class，because my English teacher is very strict and demanding，and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class.After getting off the 7:40 subway，I raced all the way from the station to my school，thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day.At the corner of the street near my school，I abruptly bumped into a man and，worse luck，broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week.With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology，I just kept on running and running.At long last，I arrived at the school only to find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked.It was Saturday.My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end.When I returned home greatly frustrated，I found myself locked out.In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me.Just my luck!

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這篇文章按照時(shí)間順序一氣呵成。文章的標(biāo)題、第一句和最后一句都點(diǎn)出了中心思想：“I had a most unlucky day”。故事從作者醒來(lái)開(kāi)始，在慌慌張張中煎蛋卷、趕地鐵、急奔學(xué)校、撞破眼鏡、發(fā)現(xiàn)白忙乎了一場(chǎng)，最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了鑰匙!整個(gè)故事描述得精彩生動(dòng)，既有動(dòng)作的細(xì)節(jié)又有作者內(nèi)心的感受，讓讀者也身臨其境地體會(huì)了倒霉的一天。

根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語(yǔ)提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫(xiě)出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。

參考范文

Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫(xiě)一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。

參考范文

Go on a Mediterranean Journey

My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey.Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation，the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting，but there was one man，a Mr.James，who irritated and annoyed us.Whatever subject we talked about，it seemed that he was an expert at it.He had，apparently，read more books，visited more countries and studied more languages，than anyone else had.After a few days，we ate our meals in silence，because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.Then my wife had an idea.She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject，look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner.If it were an unusual subject，Mr.James could not possibly know anything about it.The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm.Mr

歷年四級(jí)考試中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及圖表作文的第一段都屬于說(shuō)明文的范疇，如，2002年6月的根據(jù)坐標(biāo)圖寫(xiě)題為“Students Use of Computers”的作文。

說(shuō)明文必須按一定的順序進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，選擇具體的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明。

所以，說(shuō)明文的思路要圍繞說(shuō)明順序、事物的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)展開(kāi)。例如：

范文點(diǎn)評(píng)

A Famous Clock

When you visit London，one of the first things you will see is Big Ben，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834，the great clock would never have been erected.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.It is not only of immense size，but is extremely accurate as well.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.On the B.B.C.you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.Once，however，it failed to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是《新概念英語(yǔ)》中的一篇經(jīng)典說(shuō)明文，介紹了世界著名的“大本鐘”。文章開(kāi)篇指明該鐘位于英國(guó)倫敦，且全世界的人們通過(guò)BBC就能夠聽(tīng)到鐘聲。接下來(lái)講述了“大本鐘”的由來(lái)，特點(diǎn)——不僅外型巨大，而且走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)尾處講了“大本鐘”的一個(gè)幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶掛在指針上，把鐘弄慢了。細(xì)讀這篇文章，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)區(qū)159個(gè)單詞就把“大本鐘”的光輝形象牢牢地刻在讀者的腦海里，為什么?本文基于事實(shí)，分析了主題的來(lái)龍去脈，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔又不失生動(dòng)貼切，作者態(tài)度客觀又充滿幽默，使讀者既“明白了事理”，又對(duì)事物有較完整明晰的了解認(rèn)識(shí)，此乃說(shuō)明文之真諦也。

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試-寫(xiě)作篇

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試——寫(xiě)作篇

（一）2004年初教育部高教司組織制定并在全國(guó)部分高校開(kāi)始試點(diǎn)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)要求（試行）》，《教學(xué)要求》規(guī)定，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力，特別是聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，使他們?cè)诮窈蠊ぷ骱蜕鐣?huì)交往中能用英語(yǔ)有效地進(jìn)行口頭和書(shū)面的信息交流。在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試改革方案（試行）》中，寫(xiě)作能力測(cè)試部分（Writing）比例為15%，其中題材包括議論文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等。

? 命題趨勢(shì)

從題型上看，2000年之前，四級(jí)作文主要考議論文，從2000年起作文命題指導(dǎo)思想開(kāi)始變化，開(kāi)始考更能體現(xiàn)考生實(shí)力的記敘文、描寫(xiě)文以及書(shū)信演講類(lèi)應(yīng)用文。自2000年1月至2006年6月十三次考試中除2006年1月“Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?”2003年1月“It Pays to Be Honest”及2000年6月“Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”外，其他九次皆為 說(shuō)明文、記敘描寫(xiě)文或應(yīng)用文。最后這兩類(lèi)文章是考查考生英語(yǔ)表達(dá)基本功的最佳方式，因此近年來(lái)成為出現(xiàn)頻率最高的題型。

從題材上看，四級(jí)考試作文命題貼近大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和課余生活，反映社會(huì)變化、發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。在平常的訓(xùn)練中，論說(shuō)文重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備關(guān)于大學(xué)校園生活的話題，如學(xué)習(xí)生活、社會(huì)工作、兼職打工等；應(yīng)用文重點(diǎn)在咨詢信、投訴信、介紹信、請(qǐng)求信、建議信、道歉信、邀請(qǐng)信等私人和公務(wù)信函以及開(kāi)幕詞等致辭的寫(xiě)法。

? 題材類(lèi)型

四級(jí)考試作文出題形式包含有圖表類(lèi)以及非圖表類(lèi)兩大形式，其中非圖表類(lèi)有：

（1）觀點(diǎn)論述題——提出明確個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，并對(duì)已經(jīng)提出的觀點(diǎn)提供充分、符合邏輯的論據(jù)。常用句型表達(dá)有：

In my opinion??I ' m of the opinion that??I think??I argue for(against)??I have three main reasons for my opinion??

（2）不同物比較題——將兩物進(jìn)行比較（compare）或?qū)φ?contrast),比較兩物/兩觀點(diǎn)的相同點(diǎn)，對(duì)照兩個(gè)方面的相異點(diǎn)。常用表達(dá)有：

Similarly??on the contrary??in contrast??contrary to??prefer A to B??

Compare with A??B has the following advantages??I like A more for the following reasons??

（3）不同觀點(diǎn)比較題 ——常用表達(dá)有：

Different people have different opinions??some people insist that?，while others maintain??

（4）信件

2002年6月的四級(jí)作文考了圖表題。進(jìn)行此類(lèi)作文時(shí)，考生切忌堆砌數(shù)據(jù)，而應(yīng)對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確地概括和描述后用更多的篇幅來(lái)揭示圖表的含義或分析其現(xiàn)象的原因。

? 寫(xiě)作要求

《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要求》規(guī)定，四級(jí)寫(xiě)作的要求為：“能完成一般性寫(xiě)作任務(wù)；能描述個(gè)人經(jīng)理、觀感、情感和發(fā)生的事件等；能寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文；能就一般性話題或提綱在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出120個(gè)詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整，用詞恰當(dāng)，語(yǔ)意連貫；能掌握基本的寫(xiě)作技能。”英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)作文有四個(gè)基本考點(diǎn)：

1、切題-----所謂切題是指在形式上諸如段落、字?jǐn)?shù)、文體、格式等方面滿足題目

要求，并在內(nèi)容上沒(méi)有偏差。

2、表達(dá)清楚、條理清晰------考查學(xué)生掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，明確文章主題觀點(diǎn)，有頭有尾，論證說(shuō)明安排有主次，有輕重。

3、文字通順，連貫性較好----考查學(xué)生對(duì)過(guò)渡句和連接詞或詞組的掌握和運(yùn)用，要求文章句子內(nèi)部與句子之間通順連貫，不突兀。

4、基本無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤----考查學(xué)生對(duì)言基本功的掌握，包括語(yǔ)法與拼寫(xiě)兩部分。

考生在寫(xiě)作中，應(yīng)當(dāng)做到：注重語(yǔ)法、評(píng)寫(xiě)以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)的正確使用，用詞恰當(dāng)；遵循文章的特定文體格式，使體裁符合試題要求；合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一和連貫；根據(jù)寫(xiě)作目的和特定讀者，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言。

? 出題熱點(diǎn)

綜觀寫(xiě)作題材的選擇，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，出題熱點(diǎn)還是比較集中。以下是常見(jiàn)文章題材內(nèi)容：

1、方便------發(fā)明，計(jì)算機(jī)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)，快餐，新科技

Key words: convenience;convenient;bring us much convenience2、效率-------相對(duì)時(shí)間內(nèi)量最大

Key words: efficient;efficiency;save/waste time3、節(jié)省和浪費(fèi)-----針對(duì)大學(xué)生生活習(xí)慣

Key words: diligent;economical;thrifty;save space;metro/subway/tube;

costly;time-consuming;lavish;

selfish;selfishness;conservative;isolated;improve;enrich4、心理精神健康------體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，生活習(xí)慣，室內(nèi)/室外運(yùn)動(dòng)

Key words: independence;dependant；cooperation;team spirit;compete;

creation;creative;tolerance;tolerant;

physical;psychological;mental;healthy;mentally unhealthy;

sociable;popular;party animal5、娛樂(lè)-----新發(fā)明

Key words:recreation;entertainment;relaxation;

amusement park;leisure time;kill the time;

pleasure, autonomous, tired6、環(huán)境

Key words:environment;pollution;poisonous;contaminated;separated wastes;recycle7、身體健康

Key words: disease;energetic;dynamic8、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Key words:risk;hazard;danger;threaten9、經(jīng)驗(yàn)-----------諺語(yǔ)，抽象話題

Key words:social;sophisticated;skillful10、人道、正義、公平

Key words:humane;fair;justice;fair;help;love

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試——寫(xiě)作篇

（二）命題作文按照要求，體裁基本可以分為觀點(diǎn)論證、利弊選擇、現(xiàn)象解釋、途徑點(diǎn)評(píng)以及應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作這五類(lèi)。各類(lèi)體裁按照評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各有其寫(xiě)作技巧，考生在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中應(yīng)多注意培養(yǎng)針對(duì)不同體裁文章的寫(xiě)作技巧和思路。

1． 觀點(diǎn)論證型

觀點(diǎn)論證型作文要求考生根據(jù)題目給出的論點(diǎn)，按照所給提綱的結(jié)構(gòu)要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行論證，然后表明自己的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)，通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理的方式論述事理，發(fā)表意見(jiàn)，確立或否定某一主張。

審題思路考生拿到作文題后首先應(yīng)確立論證的主題、寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料選擇與組織。寫(xiě)作步驟

?

?

? 表明觀點(diǎn)，提出論點(diǎn)； 論證觀點(diǎn)，以事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)例證論點(diǎn)； 得出結(jié)論或表明個(gè)人看法和做法。

基本模式

? 第一部分：總結(jié)描述，用一兩句話概括、描述當(dāng)今社會(huì)存在的某種觀點(diǎn)，并做?

? 簡(jiǎn)單的擴(kuò)展——主題句+擴(kuò)展句 第二部分：列出論據(jù)，說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)成立的理由——主題句+舉例 第三部分：表明自己的觀點(diǎn)并結(jié)束全文。結(jié)尾部分一定要總結(jié)自己的觀點(diǎn)。類(lèi)型范例

Nowadays, ??is a common thing / has become more and more popular.For example, ??.There are different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that?? / some people have the idea that ??;while other people view differently, they contend that??.And some others??.In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / From my point of view, I prefer??.Personally speaking, I would rather??.As long as / With the development of??, we’ll certainly that?? in the end.2． 利弊選擇型

利弊選擇型作文要求考生能對(duì)一個(gè)論題的正反兩個(gè)方面加以闡述分析，進(jìn)一步作出選擇，推導(dǎo)出自己認(rèn)為合理的解決該問(wèn)題的模式。

審題思路考生拿到作文題后首先應(yīng)該確立協(xié)作主題、寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料選擇與組織。寫(xiě)作步驟

? 主題：分析問(wèn)題事實(shí)存在是否有討論的必要性

?

?

? 開(kāi)頭段：點(diǎn)明主題，指出爭(zhēng)論焦點(diǎn) 中心段1：闡述提綱中列舉的一種看法，給出理由或者舉例說(shuō)明 結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+理由/舉例1+理由/舉例2+理由/舉例3 中心段2：闡述提綱中列舉的另一種看法，給出理由或者舉例說(shuō)明

結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+理由/舉例1+理由/舉例2+理由/舉例3

? 結(jié)論段：表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，結(jié)束全文

類(lèi)型范例

These days we often hear that??.It is common that??.People hold different views about??.Some people believe / have the idea that ??.They say that??.They point out that??.For example??.But on the contrary, other people disagree with them.They firmly believe that??.They argue that??.In my own opinion, the former / latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, ??.For another, ??.Last but not the least, ??.3． 現(xiàn)象解釋型

現(xiàn)象解釋型作文要明確描述社會(huì)生活中存在的一種現(xiàn)象，要求考生根據(jù)自己的思考說(shuō)明該現(xiàn)象所反映的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，并且解釋該現(xiàn)象存在或發(fā)生的原因。

表述類(lèi)型現(xiàn)象解釋型作文有兩種表述類(lèi)型，其中包括文字描述型和圖表說(shuō)明型。考生拿到作文題，應(yīng)就給出信息確立寫(xiě)作主題、結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料的選擇和組織。

寫(xiě)作步驟1 文字描述型可以將文章分為三段，指出現(xiàn)象；解釋原因；分析優(yōu)劣褒貶，最后明確主旨，并且給出建議。

?

?

? 第一部分：描述現(xiàn)象，引起話題； 第二部分：對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析，結(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)象發(fā)生或變化的原因； 第三部分：針對(duì)現(xiàn)象做出評(píng)論，表明自己的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或做法以及如何在日常

生活中有效發(fā)揮該現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)勢(shì)或避免不利的方面。

解釋、描述句型

（1）Everybody knows that?

（2）It is true that?

（3）

（4）

（5）

（6）One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is? The chief reason is that? To take?for an example? Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned?

（7）There are several causes for this significant growth in?：First?Secondly?

Finally?

（8）Different people observes it in different ways.寫(xiě)作步驟2 圖表說(shuō)明型是現(xiàn)象解釋性作文的變體。在此類(lèi)作文中，題目提供的主題信息由圖表來(lái)呈現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)某一現(xiàn)象的細(xì)節(jié)、變化或發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，要求考生對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行分析，然后描述，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象存在和變化的原因，預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，并且在此過(guò)程中闡述個(gè)人看法。

? 第一部分：描述圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的主要趨勢(shì)，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析比較，總結(jié)歸納圖表? 內(nèi)容所呈現(xiàn)的主要特征； 第二部分：對(duì)現(xiàn)象和變化進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析，解釋現(xiàn)象發(fā)生或變化的原因；

? 第三部分：針對(duì)現(xiàn)象和變化做出結(jié)論。

圖表、描述句型

（1）It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.（2）There is an increase of 20% in total this year.（3）The table shows that it is decreased twice than that of the year 1996.（4）Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.（5）The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.（6）It has decreased almost two and half times, compare with?

類(lèi)型范例

From the chart / graph / table / figure, we can clearly see that??.Obviously that??.In

my mind, there are three reasons can explain this phenomenon.To begin with / The main reason is??.What is more / In addition that??.Thirdly / Lastly / Apart from that??.As a result / In short??.Considering all these??.For one thing??.For another??.In conclusion / In brief / To sum up??.4． 途徑點(diǎn)評(píng)型

途徑方法型作文通過(guò)給出提示性文字或圖表提出（或反映）社會(huì)生活中存在的某一現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，要求考生指出問(wèn)題的危害性或解決該問(wèn)題的緊迫性。然后對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，提出解決方案或應(yīng)對(duì)措施，最后表明考生自己的態(tài)度和做法。

審題思路了解途徑方法類(lèi)作文的特征，按照下列思路進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作：首先概述現(xiàn)狀，提出問(wèn)題；其次分析和解決問(wèn)題；最后總結(jié)全文或提出建議。

寫(xiě)作步驟

? 明確所要討論的主題

?

? 開(kāi)頭段：闡述為什么要討論該主題，其重要性以及作用 中心段1：分析主題討論問(wèn)題的原因

? 中心段2：討論解決問(wèn)題所必須的條件或具備的因素

? 結(jié)論段：得出結(jié)論，重申問(wèn)題的重要性

或者從各個(gè)方面提出解決該問(wèn)題的建議和方法

類(lèi)型范例

With the improvement of??, there are??.For example, ??.So it is high time??.The reasons are: First / At first / To begin with??.Secondly / The second / In addition / Furthermore / Besides, ??.Lastly / Finally / Last but not least??.But how to??？In my opinion, I think / as far as I am concerned??.On the one hand??.On the other hand??.Therefore, I believe??.

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試短文寫(xiě)作

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試短文寫(xiě)作

四項(xiàng)基本技能：聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)

傳統(tǒng)上：聽(tīng)和說(shuō)、讀和寫(xiě)

現(xiàn)在的新視角：聽(tīng)和讀（input）、說(shuō)和寫(xiě)(output)

一． 四級(jí)英語(yǔ)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

120個(gè)詞：（10句話）：每一段寫(xiě)3－4句話，寫(xiě)3個(gè)自然段

出題方式：命題作文、看圖畫(huà)或圖表作文，根據(jù)所給文章（中文或英文）寫(xiě)出文章概要或大意，給出關(guān)鍵詞作文等。

二． 四級(jí)作文題型

（一）正反闡釋題

2000年6月

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.很多人認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試，理由是。。

2.也有人持不同意見(jiàn)。。

3.我的看法和打算

99年6月； 98年6月 97年6月； 96年6月；95年1月；05年12月； 06年12月

（二）闡釋原因、描述危害題

00年1月；99年1月；97年12月；01年1月

（三）永恒話題

97年1月

（四）寫(xiě)一封信

01年6月；02年1月；03年6月（見(jiàn)證書(shū)）；04年1月；04年6月；05年1月；

05年6月

三． 四級(jí)作文評(píng)分原則

CET作文采用總體評(píng)分（Global Scoring）方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（Reward Scores）,而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。

1． 第一段要推敲

第二段看有沒(méi)有主題句，第一句就寫(xiě)主題句

第三段總結(jié)

看作文就是看兩點(diǎn)：第一看組織結(jié)構(gòu)，第二看語(yǔ)言表達(dá)

2．檢查五個(gè)方面的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤：

1）檢查三個(gè)一致問(wèn)題：主謂一致，時(shí)態(tài)一致，單復(fù)數(shù)一致

4）檢查拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤

3．格式有2種：

（1）每一段縮進(jìn)去4個(gè)字母，每一段之間不空行（傳統(tǒng)格式）

（2）每一段頂格寫(xiě)，每一段之間空一行（流行格式）

4．評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

11分――切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

14分――切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好。基本無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)

別小錯(cuò)。

字?jǐn)?shù)不足酌情扣分。

注：只寫(xiě)一段者：0－4分；只寫(xiě)兩段者：0－9分（按規(guī)定三段的作文）提供三點(diǎn)提

綱的作文

建議：無(wú)論提綱是幾點(diǎn)，都要寫(xiě)到三段或四段

經(jīng)原國(guó)家教委批準(zhǔn)，四、六級(jí)考試已從1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制計(jì)算成績(jī)，其中足見(jiàn)國(guó)家對(duì)提高大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力的重視程度。按規(guī)定，考生作文若為0分，無(wú)論其總分是否高于60分，均作不及格處理；若其作文分高于0分，低于6分，報(bào)成績(jī)時(shí)，需從總分中減去6分，再加上實(shí)得作文分。也就是說(shuō)，要從總分中減去實(shí)得作文分與6分之間的差額部分。

四． 四級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文范文

1． Should Firecrackers Be Banned?

2． Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?

五． 主題句練習(xí)

1.確定以下主題句是否恰當(dāng)。

Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out.The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely.The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball.The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular university’s entrance requirements.Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response.You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there.You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university.Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.refreshing swim.Then I walk along the beach and collect shells.Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles.Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.those students can get to class on the bus.Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation.Some students like to ride to class on bicycles.This is good exercise.Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can on a crowded university campus.Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2.寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的主題句。

1．______________________________________________________________________.The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences.The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers.There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book.The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.2.________________________________________________________________________.First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule.Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget.Finally, the food is usually consistent.For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased.Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3.選出不支撐主題句的例子。

1）Ways to get rid of hiccups

A.breathe into a paper bag

B.hold your breath to the count of 10

C.have someone frighten you

D.make an appointment with your doctor

2)Steps for planning a trip

A.purchasing a map

B.working late

C.making an itinerary

D.reserving a ticket

3)Reasons for car accidents

A.fast driving

B.drinking and driving

C.not following traffic regulations

D.giving signals

4)Advantages off small apartments

A.good school facilities

B.easy to clean

C.cheaper to furnish

D.relatively inexpensive

5)Characteristics of a good restaurant

A.efficient waiters

B.tasty food

C.jacket and tie required

D.pleasant atmosphere

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作指南

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作指南:現(xiàn)象闡釋型

本文作者： 趙子凌

這類(lèi)寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型是以當(dāng)下比較流行的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象為話題展開(kāi)的寫(xiě)作。一般題目即為現(xiàn)象，要求考生對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行較為詳盡的闡釋，包括分析該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因或可能帶來(lái)的后果，并要求考生談?wù)勛约簩?duì)于該現(xiàn)象的看法或建議。

基本解題思路：描述現(xiàn)象，分析原因，自己對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的看法。但有時(shí)提綱結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)稍加變化，第二部分要求分析后果而不是原因，寫(xiě)作時(shí)以具體提綱為準(zhǔn)。

以2007年12月四級(jí)寫(xiě)作真題為例：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.各大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)了多種多樣的選修課

2.學(xué)生因?yàn)楦鞣N原因選擇了不同的選修課 3.以你自己為例??

審題

根據(jù)題目中所給的中英文提示，可知話題是大學(xué)生非常熟悉的“選修課的選擇”。因此考生在寫(xiě)的時(shí)候可以結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行分析，這樣易于下手。中文提綱中的三個(gè)句子分別對(duì)應(yīng)article的三個(gè)段落，可以作為各段落的主題句。

擴(kuò)展提綱

1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地指出“各個(gè)大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)了多種多樣的選修課”這一現(xiàn)象。

2.闡述不同學(xué)生選擇選修課的不同原因，如有的同學(xué)是出于興趣，有的是為以后求職做準(zhǔn)備。3.談?wù)勛约哼x擇選修課時(shí)的考慮并解釋。

范文

Nowadays, colleges offer a wide range of elective courses for undergraduates.Students from different departments may sit in the same classroom and study a subject that may have nothing to do with their majors.There is no doubt that elective courses are welcomed by students, but the reasons for each student to make his/her own choice differ.Some students choose a course merely out of their personal interest in a certain field, while others may take the utility of the course into consideration and expect to put what they have learnt into practice after graduation.Some students are inclined to choose courses they are familiar with in order to get a good score in the exam, while others do not care about the exam and choose a course in a little known field.Personally, I’d like to learn from elective courses some knowledge useful for my future job.Elective courses can provide a chance to learn about other professions and give me broader usability.If I can prove my training in business but also have courses in science, I may just win a job over those who strictly majored in business with no other interests.(195 words)老師評(píng)：這篇文章感覺(jué)只是一篇中規(guī)守距的短文，主要問(wèn)題是沒(méi)有按四六級(jí)作文三段結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)寫(xiě)，表達(dá)不夠多樣性。選修課在英文中可以表達(dá)為：electives, elective courses, optional, optional courses;專業(yè)可以用majors, departments, programs;

練習(xí)題

2011年6月四級(jí)寫(xiě)作真題 Online Shopping 1.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已成為一種時(shí)尚

2.網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物有很多好處，但也有不少問(wèn)題 3.我的建議

四級(jí)作文高分秘訣

一.寫(xiě)得對(duì)

首先要保證審題正確，以免跑題。提綱式作文是四級(jí)作文中很常見(jiàn)的一種題型，建議考生在讀題過(guò)程中將提綱中的關(guān)鍵詞劃出來(lái)，從而明確方向。

二.寫(xiě)得多

寫(xiě)作文最怕的是言之無(wú)物，干癟無(wú)味。考生常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題是觀點(diǎn)確定后無(wú)法展開(kāi)論證。針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，建議考生在平時(shí)廣泛地閱讀報(bào)刊雜志，有效擴(kuò)充自己的文化背景知識(shí)，有意識(shí)地積累名人軼事等素材。這與死記硬背范文有明顯區(qū)別。

三.寫(xiě)出彩

要想四級(jí)作文出彩。一個(gè)小竅門(mén)就是注意所用語(yǔ)言的多樣性。因?yàn)樗募?jí)作文的篇幅不長(zhǎng)，所以盡量不要讓同一個(gè)單詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。為了避免單詞的重復(fù)使用，我們可以使用近義詞或者同義的短語(yǔ)。如“主要的原因”：main reasons。Main可以替換為primary, essential, crucial，indispensable，fundamental。豐富多變的用詞是article的最大亮點(diǎn)。

在句式方面，要避免單一的簡(jiǎn)單句型，可以適當(dāng)加入倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、插入語(yǔ)等句式，做到句式多樣化，為article加分。

作文評(píng)分知多少？

四級(jí)作文滿分15分，閱卷老師從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判，就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分：按五個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給分，一般不會(huì)低于2分，但其他分，如3、4、6、7、15分也是會(huì)有的。報(bào)道分和翻譯合并在一起，計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)加權(quán)處理為總分710分的20%（142分），但我看到的最好成績(jī)是130多分。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：

2分 — 條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或有多處嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。5分 — 基本切題。思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

8分 — 基本切題。部分思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤頗多，包括一些嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11分 — 切題。思想清楚，文字連貫，有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

14分 — 切題。思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好，語(yǔ)言僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。

(注：“嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤”包括句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和用詞錯(cuò)誤，嚴(yán)重影響作者意思的表達(dá)。)

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，離要求詞數(shù)每少10個(gè)扣一分（按一行算）。總詞數(shù)超過(guò)要求一般不會(huì)扣分，但這并不意味著詞數(shù)越多越好，建議控制在150-180詞左右。明顯筆誤不扣分。