第一篇：GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)

http://bailiedu.com

GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)

比較對(duì)象之間如果要能夠可比的話(huà)，他們首先是概念必須對(duì)等。就是說(shuō)要術(shù)語(yǔ)同一個(gè)類(lèi)型的，如果不是同個(gè)類(lèi)型，也就沒(méi)有比較的需要了，因此大家注意一定要是同一類(lèi)概念的才能比較，接下來(lái)小編就把GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)信息為大家介紹一下，希望考生能夠參考，順利備考GMAT語(yǔ)法考試。

比較結(jié)構(gòu)指一個(gè)人、事、物與另一個(gè)人、事、物或幾個(gè)人事物之間就行為、性質(zhì)、特征進(jìn)行比較，也可以是數(shù)量上的比較和對(duì)比。比較對(duì)象之間如果要能夠可比的話(huà)，他們首先是概念必須對(duì)等。就是說(shuō)要術(shù)語(yǔ)同一個(gè)類(lèi)型的，如果不是同個(gè)類(lèi)型，也就沒(méi)有比較的需要了，因此大家注意一定要是同一類(lèi)概念的才能比較。

在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中有替代原則。比較從句中與比較對(duì)象重復(fù)的名詞盡可能用that或those來(lái)代替。具體地說(shuō)，在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞，用that代替，在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用those代替。對(duì)稱(chēng)原則，比較的對(duì)應(yīng)部分在形式上應(yīng)盡可能保持對(duì)稱(chēng)。語(yǔ)序原則。比較從句使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和陳述語(yǔ)序皆可。從屬原則，當(dāng)一個(gè)事物與它所屬的類(lèi)別比較時(shí)，必須用any other把它自身排除在從屬范圍之外，這幾點(diǎn)需要大家關(guān)注一下，在平時(shí)做練習(xí)遇到時(shí)也要注意。

As或than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中我們要注意適當(dāng)?shù)氖÷?，不然句子顯得太長(zhǎng)了，比較從句謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)相同，可用do，did，does來(lái)代替。比較從句聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be與主句聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be相同，可以省略be，也可以不省略。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)使用助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+verb形式時(shí)，比較從句往往省略verb，保留助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。比較從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可以全部省略，常常保留做狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。比較從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同，可以省略。

比較從句和主句時(shí)態(tài)一致的話(huà)，兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間相同，同一事物的不同動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間相同。比較從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)不一致，兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象的動(dòng)作是相同的，但其發(fā)生的時(shí)間卻不一致，或同一事物的相同動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，than或as從句中補(bǔ)充的助動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和句子意思決定的。

以上就是關(guān)于GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容介紹，希望大家能夠了解。多多備考了解GMAT相關(guān)信息，爭(zhēng)取做到萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。更多關(guān)于GMAT考試備考重點(diǎn)的介紹小編會(huì)為大家呈現(xiàn)。最后祝大家順利備考GMAT考試，早日夢(mèng)圓名校。

第二篇：GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)考察內(nèi)容

http://bailiedu.com

GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)考察內(nèi)容

在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中有替代原則。比較從句中與比較對(duì)象重復(fù)的名詞盡可能用that或those來(lái)代替，考生在備考的時(shí)候一定要多加注意，接下來(lái)小編就GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)考察內(nèi)容為大家介紹一下，助力考生順利備考GMAT語(yǔ)法考試。

比較結(jié)構(gòu)指一個(gè)人、事、物與另一個(gè)人、事、物或幾個(gè)人事物之間就行為、性質(zhì)、特征進(jìn)行比較，也可以是數(shù)量上的比較和對(duì)比。比較對(duì)象之間如果要能夠可比的話(huà)，他們首先是概念必須對(duì)等。就是說(shuō)要術(shù)語(yǔ)同一個(gè)類(lèi)型的，如果不是同個(gè)類(lèi)型，也就沒(méi)有比較的需要了，因此大家注意一定要是同一類(lèi)概念的才能比較。

在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中有替代原則。比較從句中與比較對(duì)象重復(fù)的名詞盡可能用that或those來(lái)代替。具體地說(shuō)，在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞，用that代替，在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用those代替。對(duì)稱(chēng)原則，比較的對(duì)應(yīng)部分在形式上應(yīng)盡可能保持對(duì)稱(chēng)。語(yǔ)序原則。比較從句使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和陳述語(yǔ)序皆可。從屬原則，當(dāng)一個(gè)事物與它所屬的類(lèi)別比較時(shí)，必須用any other把它自身排除在從屬范圍之外，這幾點(diǎn)需要大家關(guān)注一下，在平時(shí)做練習(xí)遇到時(shí)也要注意。

As或than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中我們要注意適當(dāng)?shù)氖÷?，不然句子顯得太長(zhǎng)了，比較從句謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)相同，可用do，did，does來(lái)代替。比較從句聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be與主句聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be相同，可以省略be，也可以不省略。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)使用助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+verb形式時(shí)，比較從句往往省略verb，保留助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。比較從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可以全部省略，常常保留做狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。比較從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同，可以省略。

比較從句和主句時(shí)態(tài)一致的話(huà)，兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間相同，同一事物的不同動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間相同。比較從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)不一致，兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象的動(dòng)作是相同的，但其發(fā)生的時(shí)間卻不一致，或同一事物的相同動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，than或as從句中補(bǔ)充的助動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和句子意思決定的。

以上就是關(guān)于GMAT語(yǔ)法比較結(jié)構(gòu)考察內(nèi)容的相關(guān)內(nèi)容介紹，希望大家能夠了解。多多備考了解GMAT相關(guān)信息，爭(zhēng)取做到萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。更多關(guān)于GMAT語(yǔ)法比較知識(shí)點(diǎn)的介紹小編會(huì)為大家呈現(xiàn)。最后祝大家順利備考GMAT考試，早日夢(mèng)圓名校。

第三篇：GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

第一篇 總論

一、GMAT句子改錯(cuò)題的要求

GMAT句子改錯(cuò)題在筆考時(shí)，一般有22道題，限時(shí)25分鐘完成，其基本要求如下：Direction：In each of the following sentences，some part of the sentence or the entire sentence isunderlined．Beneath each sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part．Thefirst of these repeats the original；the other four are different．If you think the original is the bestof these answer choices，choose answer A；otherwise，choose one of the others．Select the bestversion and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet．

This is a test of correctness and effectiveness of expression．In choosing answers，follow therequirements of standard written English；that is，pay attention to grammar，choice of words，and sentence construction．Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence；this an—swer should be clear mad exact，without awkwardness，ambiguity，redundancy，or grammaticalerror.在實(shí)行CAT考試后，該要求沒(méi)有變化，只不過(guò)題量減少了，約為16～18題。

二、GMAT改錯(cuò)題的正確選項(xiàng)的特征

在GMAT中，改錯(cuò)題與其他英語(yǔ)考試中的改錯(cuò)題并不太一樣，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性和有效性，而不像TOEFL，只著重語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。那么，初學(xué)者會(huì)問(wèn)，就ETS而言，在GMAT改錯(cuò)中，當(dāng)把正確答案替換到原句中，該句子應(yīng)具有什么樣的特征呢?筆者認(rèn)為，該句子至少有以下3個(gè)特征：

1．保證原句基本意思及保持原句重心。也就是說(shuō)，句子的原意不能發(fā)生改變，同時(shí)原句的主從關(guān)系不能發(fā)生改變，作次要成分的不能充當(dāng)句子的主要成分，而句子的主要成分不能下降為從屬地位，作修飾成分。

2．意思單一，簡(jiǎn)潔有效。即在句子中，不能出現(xiàn)模棱兩可、含糊不清的意思表示。同時(shí)表達(dá)盡量簡(jiǎn)潔，不要I羅嗦，能用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的，就不用從句；能用一個(gè)詞表示的，就不用詞組。

3．5個(gè)中的最優(yōu)。而并非最完美的表達(dá)。

下面：我們以一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明以上幾點(diǎn)：

F—l Beatrix Potters，in her book illustrations，carefully coordinating them with her narratives，capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.(A)Beatrix Potters，in her book illustrations，carefully coordinating them with her narratives，(B)In her book illustrations，carefully coordinating them with her narratives，Beatrix Potter(C)In her book illustrations，which she carefully coordinated with her narratives,Beat—rix Potter(D)Carefully 000rdinated with her narratives，Beatrix Potter，in her book illustrations,(E)Beatrix Potter，in her book illustrations，carefully coordinated them with her narra—tives and題解：A、B之所以錯(cuò)，是因?yàn)樗`反了意思單一原則，其中的coordinating分詞短語(yǔ)的修飾關(guān)系是模糊的，既可修飾illustrations，又可修飾后面的主句。D錯(cuò)，是因?yàn)樗`反了第一條原則：保證原句意思。其中coordinated過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句首，就表明了該短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)：Beatrix Porrer改變了句意。而E中，由于其將coordinate與capitalize并列作為主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，改變了本屬于從屬地位的coordinating短語(yǔ)，從而改變了句子重心(coordi-nate與capitalize兩個(gè)動(dòng)作毫不相關(guān)，并列起來(lái)不恰當(dāng))。C意思單一，which從句限定修飾illustrations，主從關(guān)系明確，因而為正確答案。答案：C

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

至于第三個(gè)特征，我們將在以后的相關(guān)例子中提到。

三、GMAT解題方法

1．抓住明顯錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行排除：有時(shí)劃線部分中有明顯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤或邏輯錯(cuò)誤，我們就可由此作為突破口，進(jìn)行排除，縮小包圍圈。

F—2 The speculative fever of the Roaring Twenties infected rich and poor alike;vast quantities ofpeople were dangerously overextended，credit was absurdly easy to obtain,and most broderagehouses required only ten percent cash for stocks bought on ―margin.‖

(A)rich and poor alike；vast quantities of people were dangerously overextended

(B)both rich and poor alike；large amounts of people dangerously overextended them—selves(C)rich and poor alike；great numbers of people were dangerously overextended them—selves

(D)both rich and poor alike；vast amounts of people dangerously overextended them—selves

(E)both rich and poor；great quantities of people were dangerously overextended

題解：看完劃線部分后，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)明顯的錯(cuò)誤，即：A中用quantities來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞people，這在語(yǔ)法中是不能接受的，由此點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤，我們就可排除含有此錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)的A、E。同時(shí)，我們?cè)趯?duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行掃描的過(guò)程中，又發(fā)現(xiàn)B、D用amount來(lái)修飾people，這同樣是不能接受的。因而我們又可排除B,D。僅剩C可選。B,D、E中：both rich and poor alike的表達(dá)是噦嗦的，因?yàn)閎oth和alike在語(yǔ)義上有重復(fù)。在本句中，需要提出的是：rich和poor之前并未加the，也可表示一類(lèi)人的含義。答案：C

2.利用未劃線部分尋找暗示和啟發(fā)。有時(shí)候僅就選項(xiàng)部分而言，會(huì)有幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)在表達(dá)上和句意上都是無(wú)可挑剔的。在此種情況下，再進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)比較已毫無(wú)意義，而應(yīng)該把目光放寬一些，到未劃線部分中去尋找一些暗示。比如說(shuō)劃線部分與未劃線部分在人稱(chēng)上是否一致，在數(shù)上是否一致等等。這些暗示會(huì)使你確認(rèn)，這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中僅有一個(gè)正確。

F一3 Without hearing a word of—what is being—said or shouted，an experienced trader on thefloor of the stock exchange can listen to the hum of voices around them and tell what ishappening．(A)Without hearing a word of what is being said or shouted，an experienced trader

(B)Without hearing a word of what is being said or shouted，experienced traders

(C)Even though the person has not heard a word of what is being said or shouted，anexperienced trader

(D)Even when the person has not heard a word that is being said or shouted，experiences traders(E)In spite of not hearing a word of what is being said or shouted，an experienced trader題解：根據(jù)下一篇所講的內(nèi)容，我們會(huì)很容易排除C,D、E(此處排除這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的原因由大家在學(xué)完第二篇內(nèi)容后自行解決)。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A、B，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者都說(shuō)得通，只不過(guò)A中用單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，B用復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，我們就需再回到未劃線部分，搜索能為我們證實(shí)A、B中某一個(gè)必對(duì)而另一個(gè)必錯(cuò)的線索。當(dāng)讀到句末的around them時(shí)，我們的目光會(huì)為之一亮。them從句意講，指代主句主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)them所指代的應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因而A錯(cuò)B對(duì)。答案：B

3.利用對(duì)稱(chēng)性解題：英語(yǔ)在行文上，像我們漢語(yǔ)一樣，也講究前后的對(duì)稱(chēng)性。而這一點(diǎn)在比較句中，對(duì)照，對(duì)比句中和平行結(jié)構(gòu)中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出，即要求盡可能在語(yǔ)法功能上、表達(dá)形式上前后一致。我們則可通過(guò)未劃線部分中的表達(dá)形式及語(yǔ)法功能確定劃線部分中與之相對(duì)應(yīng)部分的語(yǔ)法功能及表達(dá)形式，很快排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

F一4 At ground level，ozone is a harmful pollutant，but．in the stratosphere it shields the earthGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

from the most biologically harmful radiation emitted by the Sun，radiation in the ultravio-let band of the spectrum．

(A)in the stratosphere

(B)in the stratosphere，in which

(C)it is in the stratosphere in、which

(D)in the stratosphere where

(E)it is in the stratosphere and

題解：由but表明前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即存在著對(duì)比。but之前的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)是at ground level因而but之后用in the stratosphere，無(wú)論從結(jié)構(gòu)上還是形式上均與at ground level對(duì)稱(chēng)。選A是正確的，B,D使but分句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。E改變句意，而C與but之前的形式缺乏對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，表達(dá)啰嗦。

答案：A

4．以薄弱環(huán)節(jié)作為切入點(diǎn)：在GMAT改錯(cuò)中，劃線部分中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤就是代詞指代混亂和限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代混亂。因而，如果劃線部分中出現(xiàn)了此兩類(lèi)詞，在未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯錯(cuò)誤之前，我們應(yīng)以此兩類(lèi)詞為切人點(diǎn)，通過(guò)確認(rèn)其真實(shí)指代對(duì)象與其語(yǔ)法指代對(duì)象是否一致來(lái)排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

F一5 The Gorton—Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to their customers how long they willdelay access to funds from deposited checks.(A)that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from

deposited checks．

(B)a bank to disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from a

deposited check．

(C)that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from depositedchecks。

(D)a bank that it should disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds

from a deposited check。

(E)that banks disclose to customers how long access to funds from their deposited check

is to be delayed．

題解：劃線中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)代詞：they和their，首先需要確認(rèn)其指代對(duì)象。在their之前未出現(xiàn)過(guò)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而僅出現(xiàn)單數(shù)名詞a bank，從句意判斷，their本應(yīng)指代the bank。由此矛盾，我們可判斷their屬誤用，應(yīng)用its替代；同理第--4“they也應(yīng)用it替代。由此我們可排除含their或they的A、B、E。C、D比較，D有兩個(gè)缺陷：(1)require的用法不妥；(2)itscustomers和之后的a deposited check在數(shù)上是不一致的。而C中：require + that從句(帶虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞)的用法正確，its customers和之后的checks在數(shù)上一致。答案：C

5．通過(guò)比較答案來(lái)尋找解題思路：有時(shí)候，劃線部分既無(wú)明顯錯(cuò)誤，又無(wú)對(duì)稱(chēng)性可言，也不存在代詞指代問(wèn)題。一眼看過(guò)去，劃線部分似乎沒(méi)有什么毛病，此時(shí)，我們就需要對(duì)5個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，找出5個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的主要差異(1～2個(gè))，分析并代回原句中。從句意、表達(dá)上進(jìn)行對(duì)比，確認(rèn)句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

F一6 The technical term‖pagination‖is a process that leaves editors，instead of printers, assemblethe page images that become the metal or plastic plates used in printing．

(A)is a process that leaves editors，instead of printers，assemble

(B)refers to a process that allows editors，rather than printers，to assemble

(C)is a process 1caving the editors，rather than printers，to assemble

(D)refers to a process which allows editors，but not to printers，the assembly of

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

(E)has reference to the process leaving to editors，instead of the printer，assembling題解：第一遍讀劃線部分時(shí)，似乎看不出什么錯(cuò)誤，但通過(guò)對(duì)5個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)差異：(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞is，還是用行為動(dòng)詞refer to。(2)that從句中：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用leave還是allow。把第(1)個(gè)差異代人原句中，is代回―這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是一個(gè)過(guò)程”refer to代人原句，意為：―這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)指一個(gè)過(guò)程“。從邏輯搭配上看，后者優(yōu)于前者，且表達(dá)句意，而前者句意模糊，不易理解。斷定此點(diǎn)后，我們就排除 A、C。同理，把差異(2)代入。allow明顯要比leave更適合與a process搭配。由此排除E。B、D比較，D有3個(gè)缺陷：(1)allow用法不當(dāng)，應(yīng)使用allow sb．to do sth．的結(jié)構(gòu)；(2)but not to printers不如B中用rather thanprinters準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。(3)公理中，我們提到過(guò)，除非先行詞為介賓，which不引導(dǎo)限制性從句，此處D違反了此原則。(詳看緊接著的公理部分)答案：B

對(duì)于以上5種方法，作者在此提出兩點(diǎn)說(shuō)明。

(1)以上5種思路僅是解題基本方法，并未囊括也不可能囊括GMAT改錯(cuò)中的所有方法。這是一個(gè)case-by-case，對(duì)有些題大家完全可以采用其他更快捷、更準(zhǔn)確的方法來(lái)解題。(2)對(duì)于以上5種基本方法，希望大家不要僵化地、孤立地使用，而應(yīng)該靈活、有機(jī)地將5種方法結(jié)合在一起，達(dá)到更快、更準(zhǔn)的解題目的。

四、GMAT公理

所謂公理，也就是經(jīng)過(guò)人們長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)、不需要證明同時(shí)也無(wú)法去證明的客觀規(guī)律，如我們?cè)诔踔衅矫鎺缀伍_(kāi)篇所學(xué)的―兩點(diǎn)之間可以畫(huà)一條直線，并且只可以畫(huà)一條直線‖，―三點(diǎn)確定一個(gè)平‖等公理。而正是在這些公理的基礎(chǔ)上，才建立起平面幾何這門(mén)學(xué)科。同樣，在我們的GMAT改錯(cuò)中，存在一些不言自明、經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐總結(jié)的規(guī)律，它們對(duì)我們的解題有極大幫助，我們把它們命名為―GMAT公理‖。不過(guò)，這里的公理，并不像平面幾何的公理一樣，可以放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)，即：使用這些公理，有些可以保證我們100％的正確性，而有些可能只能保證95％以上的正確性，另外的5％，可能需要與句意共同考慮來(lái)選擇一個(gè)最優(yōu)。畢竟，GMAT改錯(cuò)是一種對(duì)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的有效性、簡(jiǎn)潔性的考核，是有靈活性的，而不像平面幾何那樣是一門(mén)要求嚴(yán)密邏輯的科學(xué)。不過(guò)就這些GMAT公理在解題中所起到的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而言，它們的那些微小的局限性可忽略不計(jì)。

下面是對(duì)這些公理的具體敘述。

1．在我們通常使用的there be句型中，以下幾種表達(dá)必定錯(cuò)。(1)there could be done sth.(2)there be sth．done(3)there being+名詞詞組(4)there was sth．(抽象性表動(dòng)作的名詞)，如there was a transmission的表達(dá)不對(duì)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)GMAT中there be僅用于―某處有某物‖，而此物是指一具體名詞，如 wolf，stone，star，而不是指 抽象名詞：如 conversion，relation等。(其中done代表過(guò)去分詞。)

2．在表示某人有某種能力做某事的意思，最佳答案的選擇依據(jù)是，can do>be able to do>has(have)ability to do>has(have)a capability of doing…。(其中―>‖指―優(yōu)先于”，有can do就不用含有be able to do的選項(xiàng)，在選項(xiàng)中不含有can do時(shí)，再找有be able to的選項(xiàng)，依此類(lèi)推。

3．在從句中，以下連接詞或引導(dǎo)詞值得特別注意：

(1)which(或代詞 it)絕對(duì)不可指代前面的整個(gè)句子，而此用法在一般語(yǔ)法書(shū)中均是可以接受的

(2)because不可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；

(3)賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞that一般不能省略；

(4)if絕不可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，如要表示―是否“，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(5)對(duì)不作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的事物做限定性修飾，只用that而不用which。而which僅用于引導(dǎo)對(duì)介賓進(jìn)行修飾的限定性從句和引導(dǎo)非限定性從句。

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

4．在require、demand等表―建議，命令”意義的詞之后的that從句，要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)詞原形，不加should。

5．絕不可以單獨(dú)使用this，these來(lái)指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而絕對(duì)要通過(guò)換用其他人稱(chēng)代詞，或重復(fù)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞或者改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)避免這樣非正式且模糊的指代。如sth．of this kind，like this／these等模糊表達(dá)均要用such + n．(n．即重復(fù)this，these所指代的對(duì)象)來(lái)取代，意為―這些…‖。另外，在“such．that‖結(jié)構(gòu)中，such只修飾具體名詞，而不修飾抽象名詞(女I rapidity，severity)。

6．絕對(duì)不可以單獨(dú)使用that指代前面的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，而一般是用that of+n．結(jié)構(gòu)指代或換用其他表達(dá)方式。(可參看第十一章中 it／they，one／ones，that／ttx~指代的區(qū)別)

7．當(dāng)我們需要舉例時(shí)，一律用such as結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用like。

8．在GMAT改錯(cuò)題中，ETS傾向于用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而非用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)用主動(dòng)或用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)法和句意上都無(wú)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，選擇用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)的選項(xiàng)，即―主動(dòng)優(yōu)先原則”。

9．在GMAT中，關(guān)于being的以下使用必錯(cuò)：(1)being + n．(2)being + adj．(3)as being+n．／adj／v-ing，因?yàn)樵谝陨媳磉_(dá)中，being屬多余。

10．當(dāng)我們對(duì)一動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行替代時(shí)，不用do it，一律用do so。

11．介詞短語(yǔ)：on account of，because of，despite(in spite of)，as a result of之后只跟簡(jiǎn)單的名詞短語(yǔ)。若其后跟的是動(dòng)名詞或名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，或名詞短語(yǔ)之后用一復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)在分、詞來(lái)修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)改為與其相同意義的連詞because，although等引導(dǎo)的從句形式。12．幾種簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式：

(1)n．that is(are)adj．必然要換為adj．+n．的名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，如：a man who is poor的選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò)，而應(yīng)選含有a poor man的選項(xiàng).(2)當(dāng)表示謂語(yǔ)部分，尤其是表示實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的含義時(shí)，就直接用其動(dòng)詞形式表示，而不要用名詞形式或形容詞形式表示，如：be a cause一定會(huì)被cause(動(dòng)詞)替代；be suggestive of就一定會(huì)被suggest所替代。

(3)一些常見(jiàn)詞的替換方式：not any一定會(huì)被no替代；that which一定會(huì)被what替代；having been done會(huì)被done(作限定詞)所替代.13．平行結(jié)構(gòu)的最后一個(gè)成分之前必定有一個(gè)連詞and，0r，neither，nor或as well as，否則此并列結(jié)構(gòu)必存在問(wèn)題。如：to do A，do B，do C的表達(dá)就必然錯(cuò)誤，而必然是被to doA，do B，and do C或to do A，to do B，and to do C替代。

14．在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，對(duì)于―不是…而是‖的結(jié)構(gòu)，ETS傾向于用rather than，而很少用instead of。在具體實(shí)戰(zhàn)中，若5個(gè)選項(xiàng)中存在這兩個(gè)詞組的互換，請(qǐng)直接在含rather than的選項(xiàng)中找答案，除非含rather than的結(jié)構(gòu)有語(yǔ)法或邏輯錯(cuò)誤，再到含有instead of的選項(xiàng)中找答案。

15．若在題中的劃線部分(即A選項(xiàng))中出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，那么在最后的正確答案中必須有此情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或類(lèi)似語(yǔ)氣的詞出現(xiàn)。實(shí)戰(zhàn)中，此原則可轉(zhuǎn)化為：不含此情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或類(lèi)似語(yǔ)氣詞的選項(xiàng)均為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，立即排除.GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

第二篇 實(shí)戰(zhàn)篇

通過(guò)上一篇的簡(jiǎn)單概述，我們對(duì)GMAT的改錯(cuò)要求，相應(yīng)的解題技巧和原則有了初步的了解。但是，僅有上述的條條框框，顯然不足以讓我們這些MBA精英順利攻陷ETS的防線，正如一個(gè)光懂紙上談兵而無(wú)任何實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的將軍在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上只能鎩羽而歸一樣。因而在本篇中，筆者試圖通過(guò)分類(lèi)，把繁多而復(fù)雜的改錯(cuò)真題匯集在一個(gè)個(gè)小的section中，對(duì)典型題型進(jìn)行詳細(xì)剖析，使讀者能盡快掌握GMAT改錯(cuò)題的規(guī)律，逐步提高大家的實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能夠迅速把握ETS“排兵布陣‖的套路，并識(shí)破其設(shè)置的各種―路障‖，從而在本部分取得好成績(jī)，為最后攻陷ETS防線打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

在此指導(dǎo)思想下，本篇的布局結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

一、本篇分12個(gè)section

二、在每一個(gè)section中，首先是一些必要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的補(bǔ)充(考慮到大多數(shù)商業(yè)人士的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)已經(jīng)比較模糊)；接著是該類(lèi)下的小分類(lèi)及典型題型剖析，其中包括題解、解題技巧和語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示，最后是一些練習(xí)題及練習(xí)題的答案。

三、學(xué)完本篇之后，會(huì)有3個(gè)test用來(lái)做?？?綜合本篇中所有考試重點(diǎn))。

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：

1．本書(shū)著重實(shí)用，其分類(lèi)體系與一般語(yǔ)法書(shū)分類(lèi)不完全一致。

2．讀者在使用此書(shū)時(shí)，應(yīng)先做題后看題解。

第一章 名詞詞組與動(dòng)名詞

一提到名詞，大家腦海中可能會(huì)蹦出名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)等概念。在 GMAT改錯(cuò)中，這些較少成為考試的重點(diǎn)，更多而且更難的是，ETS經(jīng)?？疾槲覀儗?duì)名詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)性和動(dòng)名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作性的深入理解及名詞詞組的中心詞(或核心詞)的辨認(rèn)。而這些恰恰是我們?cè)谄匠W(xué)習(xí)較少或根本未考慮的問(wèn)題，并且這些考點(diǎn)在選項(xiàng)中迷惑性特別大，以致我們GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

初學(xué)時(shí)覺(jué)得每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都差不多，不知應(yīng)該選哪一個(gè)。為此，我們將對(duì)以上幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)分別給以詳細(xì)解釋。一、一般抽象名詞與動(dòng)名詞之間的選擇

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們認(rèn)為動(dòng)名詞可以充當(dāng)名詞，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種動(dòng)作；而我們說(shuō)的一般抽象名詞，表明的則是一種狀態(tài)，或者是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。比如說(shuō)，動(dòng)名詞burning強(qiáng)調(diào)燃燒這個(gè)動(dòng)作，而combustion則強(qiáng)調(diào)這種燃燒動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，表明了一種狀態(tài)。For example：1—1 Contrary to earlier conjectures，it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a

result of burning fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy

absorbed by snow．

(A)increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning

(B)increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of

(C)increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of

(D)carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that increased from burnying

(E)atmospheric carbon dioxide that increased from burning

題解：題意是由于化石燃料的燃燒而增加的大氣中的CO2會(huì)通過(guò)減少雪吸收的太陽(yáng)能量而降低全球溫度。A中as a result of使用不妥，因?yàn)樵撛~組總是作為狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子的，而不能修飾一個(gè)名詞，此處修飾dioxide是不對(duì)的；接著通過(guò)B、C的提示，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)B、C用combustion代替burning。剛才我們已提過(guò)，前者指結(jié)果，而后者指動(dòng)作。那么，究竟是―燃燒這個(gè)動(dòng)作導(dǎo)致了CO2的增加‖呢?還是―燃燒后的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了CO2的增加‖呢?對(duì)比后，我們覺(jué)得后者是合乎邏輯的。由于確定了用combustion代替burning，則A、D、E均為錯(cuò)；B、C用resulting from代替了as a result of，改正了此處錯(cuò)誤。B、C中最大的區(qū)別在于是用過(guò)去分詞increased還是increasing修飾CO2，我們知道，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作。在本句中，CO2后的resulting from

已充分表明increase是被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，因而我們選B不選C。另外，C中把原句的atmospheric改為后置的in the atmosphere修飾，是不簡(jiǎn)潔的，B中的increased和atmospheric共同修飾CQ是很簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式。答案．B

解題技巧：GMAT中，在選擇用increased還是用increasing修飾名詞時(shí)，幾乎都用increased語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：it may be that．．． …是可能的

1—2 Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing

number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to

specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from selling their

crops for buying necessities．

(A)selling their crops for buying

(B)the sales of their crops for buying

(C)their selling of crops SO as to buy

(D)their selling crops for buying of

(E)the sale of their crops to buy 題解：本題中有三個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)值得注意：rather than短語(yǔ)在句首，continue用原形與主語(yǔ)中的began相對(duì)應(yīng)(在第五章平行結(jié)構(gòu)中有對(duì)rather than的用法詳述)，specialize in sth．及usesth．to do sth．。在這里，仍然是在考查用selling還是用sales的選擇。同上題一樣，在心 中默問(wèn)自己：cash proceeds 是來(lái)自銷(xiāo)售這個(gè)動(dòng)作 selling 呢，還是來(lái)自于銷(xiāo)售谷物后的結(jié)果sales?從邏輯上講，用sales更好，再加上Use的用法，我們可選擇E。其實(shí)，在考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如果你熟悉use的用法的話(huà)，那么只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可供選，即E。答案：E

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：specialize in sth．； Use sth．to do sth．

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

二、動(dòng)名詞的名詞化

指當(dāng)某一動(dòng)詞無(wú)相應(yīng)的同源名詞形式，但又需要用它來(lái)表示一個(gè)狀態(tài)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，可通過(guò)在該動(dòng)詞的．ing形式前面加上冠詞a或者the來(lái)達(dá)到此目的。需引起注意的是，如一動(dòng)詞有相應(yīng)的名詞形式，就應(yīng)直接用名詞形式而不是用動(dòng)名詞形式。如increasing就不能作名詞形式，因?yàn)閕nc般瞬本身可作名詞。另外某些動(dòng)名詞已成為名詞形式：如lending(借貸)，就可直接使用。

1—3 New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused

reversals in the Earth‘s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents

80million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.(A)splitting apart continents

(B)the splitting apart of continents

(C)split apart continents

(D)continents split apart

(E)continents that were split apart

題解：根據(jù)句意看，劃線部分應(yīng)該表明一種狀態(tài)，是指80 million years ago的那次分離，只有這樣才能與其余部分并列起來(lái)形成平行結(jié)構(gòu)(第五章．)：磁極的顛倒，冰川時(shí)期的開(kāi)始，大陸的分離及火山的爆發(fā)。由此可排除A，它是動(dòng)名詞詞組，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，與其余名詞詞組的都不匹配；C．是一個(gè)動(dòng)賓詞組，結(jié)構(gòu)上不對(duì)應(yīng)；D是一個(gè)句子，結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)；E與原句意思相差太遠(yuǎn)，原句指那次分離，E卻指被分離的大陸；因而只有B是最正確，通過(guò)在splitting前加上 the 表明了是發(fā)生在 8 億年前的那一次分離，而不是其他時(shí)期的分離。apart ofcontinents短語(yǔ)對(duì)the splitting作修飾。答案：B

1-4 One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead toGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

lowering interest rates, as well as lowering tears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, anda weakening of the dollar.(A)lowing interest rates，as well as lowering fears about inflation，(B)a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation，(C)a lowering of interest rates，along with fears about inflation，(D)interest rates being lowered，along with fears about inflation，(E)interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered，with

題解：劃線部分其實(shí)是一個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)部分。根據(jù)劃線部分后的―股票和債券市場(chǎng)的止跌回穩(wěn)及美元的疲軟”，可以斷定劃線部分的意思是：利率的降低和對(duì)通貨膨脹的恐懼的降低。由此可推斷出D、E中的中心詞為interest rates不對(duì)，因?yàn)槲磩澗€的平行結(jié)構(gòu)中均是抽象名詞(a rally，a weakening)為中心詞，而interest rates是一具體名詞，且D中的along withfears about inflation與原意的―恐懼的減少‖剛好相反；E中with是無(wú)根據(jù)的，破壞了平行結(jié)構(gòu)；A是動(dòng)名詞詞組，符合狀態(tài)性名詞并列的要求；B、C的a lowering達(dá)到了名詞化效果，但C中的along with介短語(yǔ)含義是模糊的，它有可能指利率降低伴隨著恐懼減少，更可能是指lead to的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)部分，即導(dǎo)致恐懼，這正好與原意相反。而B(niǎo)中interest rates和fears之間加上and，并在and之后補(bǔ)上of，表明了即兩者同時(shí)的降低，正確表達(dá)了原意。注意此處：在fear之前補(bǔ)出of的重要性，明確fears about inflation是of的賓語(yǔ)，進(jìn)而修飾a lowering。另外，未劃線部分的a weakening of dollar實(shí)際上已提示我們劃線部分應(yīng)采用與其相同的形式。答案：B

三、名詞的泛指和特指

名詞的泛指和特指在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中非常重要，兩者的用法及意義是不同的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，特指明確，范圍窄，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義；而泛指模糊，范圍寬會(huì)有歧義。要表明一個(gè)名詞特指，通GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

常手法是在前面加冠詞the、物主代詞或其他限定詞；而要表明一個(gè)名詞泛指，則在前面加a或不加限定詞(可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù))，兩者所用場(chǎng)合不同，混用必然導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。

1—5C0nsuinerS may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances，butmany of them can be harmful to health especially ii they are used improperly.(A)Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be

(B)Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being

(C)A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being

(D)A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as(E)Household cleaning products may not be thought of，by consumers, as

題解：在本句中考到一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法：think of sth．a(chǎn)s sth．。A、B、C中think of sth．to be或think of sth．being都不符合習(xí)慣；E在明顯有動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者customers的情況下，用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。我們?cè)诘谝黄D公理‖中已強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)優(yōu)先于被動(dòng)，D為正確答案。你會(huì)說(shuō)，D中用a customer而原句是customers，兩者并不一致。上面我們說(shuō)過(guò)，a customer和customers均為泛指，含義上是無(wú)區(qū)別的，都代表一類(lèi)人：顧客。答案：D

1—6 In the face of widespread concern about environmental waste，compact disc manufacturersare attempting to find a replacement for the disposable plastic box in which they package theirproduct．

(A)the disposable plastic box in which they

(B)the disposable plastic box where they

(C)a disposable plastic box in which to

(D)disposable plastic boxes inside which they

(E)the disposable plastic boxes in which to

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

題解：把劃線部分的定語(yǔ)從句還原，就是：they package their products in boxes。因而A沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤；同時(shí)可看出D是錯(cuò)的，介詞inside的使用不準(zhǔn)確。此句的關(guān)鍵在于：判定disposableplastic box是特指還是泛指。從句意上看，這種盒子是現(xiàn)有的，并用于包裝特定產(chǎn)品的，顯然應(yīng)該用特指，因而在前面應(yīng)加the，由此排除C；B中用where是模糊的，在GMAT公理中，我們已強(qiáng)調(diào)在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，in which或其他介詞+which一定優(yōu)先于where；只剩A和E，E有the，且in which to的表達(dá)方式很簡(jiǎn)潔，E豈不比A更好?但E的缺陷在于它用了復(fù)數(shù)形式boxes而非A中的單數(shù)box，A表明現(xiàn)有的這一種盒子，在特指的情況下包括了很廣的范圍(整個(gè)compact disc行業(yè))，而E中的the boxes卻把范圍縮小了，似乎表明某一批或某一時(shí)期的這么多的盒子，顯然A反映了原意。從集合角度理解為：the box，表示全集，theboxes是the box的一個(gè)子集。答案：A

四、名詞詞組中的核心詞

所謂核心詞，即除去名詞詞組中的所有修飾成分所剩下的那個(gè)名詞，它正確表達(dá)了原句的主要意思。比如說(shuō)：在a of b中，a就是核心詞，而b不是。這一點(diǎn)，我們中國(guó)學(xué)生經(jīng)常忽略，開(kāi)始理解起來(lái)也不太容易。而ETS就喜歡在此點(diǎn)上出題，把一些修飾詞名詞化，而把核心名詞形容詞化，或?qū) of b結(jié)構(gòu)換成b of a結(jié)構(gòu)，從而造成混淆，導(dǎo)致考生失分。1—7 Following the nutrition board‘s advice on salt consumption would mean a virtual end of theof salt in cooking, and avoidance of obviously salty foods, and reducing the reliance on processedfoods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium.(A)reducing the reliance processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium(B)reducing the reliance on processed foods containing often hidden but significant amounts ofsodium

(C)a reduction of the reliance on processed food, containing as they do often hidden sodium inGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

significant amounts

(D)a reduced reliance on the significant amounts of hidden sodium often contained in processedfoods

(E)a reduced reliance on processed foods that contain significant but often hidden amounts ofsodium

題解：根據(jù)前面知識(shí)，可以看出，劃線部分與前面的a virtual end和鋤avoidance是并列的，因而以reducing開(kāi)頭的選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò)(它需要名詞化)，所以A、B可排除；C中名詞詞組的中心詞是reduction，D、E中均為reliance，根據(jù)句意理解，劃線部分的名詞詞組的核心詞，應(yīng)該是reliance而不是reduction。如果你覺(jué)得對(duì)于此點(diǎn)不好理解，我們可以暫時(shí)回避此問(wèn)題。繼續(xù)看C項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)致命錯(cuò)誤：containing +as從句的表達(dá)不夠簡(jiǎn)潔，不如用一形容詞短語(yǔ)，由此可以確認(rèn)C錯(cuò)；再看D、E，在介詞on后面，你又會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)中心詞的選擇問(wèn)題，是reliance on sodium還是reliance on foods，不過(guò)，這個(gè)選擇比起前一個(gè)中心詞選擇簡(jiǎn)單得多，顯然應(yīng)該是后者，而D弄錯(cuò)了reliance的對(duì)象，注意E對(duì)sodium的修飾語(yǔ)做了小修改，significant和hidden amounts of是對(duì)sodium的并列修飾，中間用but often(but表轉(zhuǎn)折，often修飾hidden)連接，清楚而準(zhǔn)確地表明了―大量的但卻總是隱藏的鹽“的含意。答案：E

五、對(duì)抽象名詞的解釋?zhuān)菏怯胦f that同位語(yǔ)從句呢?

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，抽象名詞后可用of或that對(duì)其做詳細(xì)解釋?zhuān)螘r(shí)應(yīng)用of短語(yǔ)，何時(shí)應(yīng)用that同位語(yǔ)從句并無(wú)一定論(類(lèi)似的抽象名詞：如likelihood，possibility，theory，hypothesis等)。在這里，我們給出三條原則進(jìn)行判定。

1．根據(jù)我們上面所說(shuō)的中心詞原則，通過(guò)對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的of后的內(nèi)容(核心詞)與that從句內(nèi)容比較，一般都能從意思上判定出。

2．a(chǎn) fact后一般跟that同位語(yǔ)，importance一般后面跟of介詞短語(yǔ)做解釋?zhuān)琧onclusionGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

ofsth．指sth．的結(jié)局或結(jié)果，而conclusion that是對(duì)conclusion的具體解釋。

3．實(shí)用原則：如發(fā)現(xiàn)抽象名詞之后的of短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的名詞詞組，則此結(jié)構(gòu)必正確；若of短語(yǔ)之后是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的名詞短語(yǔ)(套著從句或其他繁冗的修飾成分)或是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)基本上都改為that從句修飾，因?yàn)檫@樣簡(jiǎn)潔而準(zhǔn)確，而用of短語(yǔ)修飾是笨拙的，且辭不達(dá)意。另外，如果題目是在抽象名詞之后劃線，選項(xiàng)中有用of或有用that從句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋。答案均為含that從句的選項(xiàng)。

1—8 The brochure notes that in the seminar the—importance that communication is atwo-way．process will be emphasized.(A)importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized

(B)importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized(c)importance of communication being a two-way process will be the emphasis

(D)fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance

(E)emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important

題解：根據(jù)我們上面提到的第二條原則，A是錯(cuò)的(在GMAT中出現(xiàn)的importance的句子，都無(wú)一例外地使用importance of結(jié)構(gòu)。B選項(xiàng)符合我們的原則。C與B幾乎一樣，惟一區(qū)別是用being代替B中的as，在上一篇―公理‖中我們提到過(guò)，being屬多余，在GMAT很少用，出現(xiàn)的地方幾乎都是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)(惟有兩句例外，碰到時(shí)我們會(huì)提到)。D中用fact +that同位語(yǔ)從句與B的名詞短語(yǔ)比起來(lái)，顯得冗長(zhǎng)和笨拙，并且它改變了原意(交流是一個(gè)雙向過(guò)程的重要性)，改成了―交流是雙向的并且是重要的‖，這種對(duì)原意的篡改是不能接受的；E中being的使用是絕對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的，同時(shí)，它也改變了原句句意，原句認(rèn)為：??交流是雙向的重要性將會(huì)在討論中被強(qiáng)調(diào)‖，而E改成了―在討論中，交流的雙向性是重要的這一話(huà)題將是重點(diǎn)‖，顯然―討論中的強(qiáng)調(diào)問(wèn)題”與―重點(diǎn)‖并不完全一致。答案：B

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

1—9 Stable interest rates on long—term bonds are the financial market‘s vote of confidence in theFederal Reserve keeping in control of inflation.(A)in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation

(B)that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under 00ntrol

(C)for the Federal Reserve，that it would keep control of inflation

(D)that inflation will be kept control of by the Federal Reserve

(E)that inflation would be kept control of by the Federal Reserve

題解：根據(jù)核心詞原則，A表示對(duì)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的信心。而句意卻是：這種信心，即美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)能把通貨膨脹控制下來(lái)的信心。同時(shí)，A中的keep in control of sth．的用法不對(duì)，應(yīng)是keep sth．undercontrol。另外補(bǔ)充一種用法take(gain)control of對(duì)…控制；lu-1~C錯(cuò)，同時(shí)C的介詞用錯(cuò)，用in而不是for，即confidence in sth．，其中的that從句不知作什么成分。通過(guò)以上排除，剩下B、D、E(注：其實(shí)通過(guò)剛才的第三條原則，可以很快到達(dá)這一步)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)D、E中共同的結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且還出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者by the Federal Reserve，根據(jù)GMAT傾向主動(dòng)原則，B為正確答案。

六、對(duì)名詞的幾種修飾方法

1．n．+ adj．短語(yǔ)，如：the jobs available to Women

2．n．+介詞短語(yǔ)，如：a child with reading problems

3．a(chǎn)dv．+V．-ed+n．，如：seemingly limited number

4．n．+v．-ed短語(yǔ)或-ing短語(yǔ)

5．n．，V．-ed短語(yǔ)或-ing短語(yǔ)，that從句(對(duì)名詞的復(fù)雜修飾，有二重修飾，第一重是分詞短語(yǔ)的修飾，第二重是限定性從句的修飾)，如例7—8

6·n.，which從句，of sth．(同樣是二重修飾，第一重是which的非限定性從句修飾，第GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

二重是介詞短語(yǔ)of sth．的修飾)

1—10 Dr.Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly changeits genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each specifically targeted at aninvading microbe or foreign substance．(A)seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each specifically targeted at

(B)seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each targeted specifically to

(C)seeming unlimited number of antibodies，all specifically targeted at

(D)seemingly unlimited number of antibodies，all of them targeted specifically to

(E)seemingly unlimited number of antibodies，each targeted specifically at

題解：根據(jù)未劃線部分的an invading microbe及每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都有的specially，可斷定targeted分詞短語(yǔ)修飾單數(shù)形式each，而不是復(fù)數(shù)形式all，由此可排除c、D；在A、B中名詞短語(yǔ)seeming unlimited number表明seeming和unlimited共同修飾number，即為―看上去的、不受限制的數(shù)量?！鳨中，seemingly unlimited number 表明seemingly修飾形容詞u11limited，unlimited修飾名詞number，意為―看上去不受限制的數(shù)量‖，顯然，A、B中該名詞短語(yǔ)的意思不符合邏輯，而E的表達(dá)清楚。另外，target是與at搭配，而不與to連用。答案：E

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：本句有兩個(gè)習(xí)慣表達(dá)，win sth．for sth．／doing sth．因…而獲得…； targetat 把…作為目標(biāo)。

七、動(dòng)名詞

語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)備：動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞+ing；在語(yǔ)法功能上有名詞的性質(zhì)，但強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)；有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是由―動(dòng)詞+to‖構(gòu)成，這個(gè)to不是不定式的符號(hào)，而是介詞，后面要跟動(dòng)名詞，如：adhere to(堅(jiān)持、粘附)，attribute to(歸因)，contributeto(促成，捐助)，resort to(求助)，assent to(同意),aspire to(渴望)，appeal to(吸引)，attach to(隸GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

屬，附著)，yield to(屈服于)，look forward to(期望)，object to(反對(duì))等；有些動(dòng)詞定額管理只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓詞，如：advocate appreciatc avoid deny enjoy fancy imagine justifymiss postpone practice prevent quit resist risk suggest warrant 等。

1——11 Recently there has been increased debate over if a budget surplus should go towardslower taxes or increased spending on social programs.(A)over if a budget surplus should go towards lower taxes or increased spending

(B)over whether a budget surplus should go towards lowering taxes or increasing spending

(C)about a budget surplus going towards lower taxes or increasing spending

(D)about if lower taxes should come from budget surplus or spending increases

(E)concerning a budget surplus and its going towards lower taxes or increased spending

題解：劃線句意：預(yù)算是否應(yīng)該用于降低稅收或增加在公益性項(xiàng)目上的毫出。根據(jù)GMAT公理，if不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，因而A錯(cuò)，A中另一錯(cuò)誤是lower taxes和increased spending詞組強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，而題意強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作：降低稅收或增加支出；D用if是錯(cuò)的，且if從句中意思也大大改變；C、E中介詞towards后的詞組仍未能體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作化名詞的要求，且它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心詞與原旬核心詞相差甚遠(yuǎn)；B糾正A中的兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：whether替換了if，towards之后用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作介詞賓語(yǔ)替換了名詞短語(yǔ)，清楚準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了原句意思。答案：B

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：go towards sth．(一部分錢(qián))用于做…；debate over sth.關(guān)于…的辯論，concerning(介詞)，意為關(guān)于…

EXERCI SES

16題，限時(shí)20分鐘

E1—1 Once an apolitical confrontation of the world‘s best athletes，the Summer Olympics have

been increasingly politicized in recent years as the superpowers have denied many of theGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

best athletes access to competition．

(A)been increasingly politicized

(B)been increasing politicization

(C)been of increased politicization

(D)politicized，increasingly，(E)increased politicization

E1—2 The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden

downturns in the market，hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses，loosing the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be

undercapitalized．

(A)loosing the interest rates in Washington，and fearing the company may still beundercapitalized

(B)loosening the interest rates in Washington，and a fear of the company still being

undercapitalized

(C)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and fearing that the company may

still be undercapitalized

(D)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and a fear of the still undercapitalizedcompany

(E)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and a fear that the company may

still be undercapitalized

E1—3 Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades

were the high cost of land，the pressure of housing and commercial development，andGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and

California.(A)basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida andCalifornia

(B)basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida andCalifornia(C)basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida andCalifornia

(D)a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida andCalifornia

(E)a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and CaliforniaEl一4 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central—city areas

have contributed，according to a recent study，to significant increases in housing

integration, which, in turn reduces any future need for busing.(A)significant increases in housing integration，which, in turn, reduces

(B)significant integration increases in housing，which, in turn, reduces

(C)increase housing integration significantly，which, in turn, reduces

(D)increase housing integration significantly，in turn reducing

(E)significantly increase housing integration，which, in turn, reduce

E1—5 South Korea has witnessed the world‘s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations：

church membership is expanding by 6．6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth

coming from conversions rather than the population increasing.GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

(A)coming from conversions rather than the population increasing

(B)coming from conversions rather than increases in the population

(C)coming from conversions instead of the population‘s increasing

(D)is from conversations instead of population increases

(E)is from conversions rather than increasing the increases

E1—6 Many investors base their choice between bonds and stocks on comparing bondyields to the dividends available on common stocks.(A)between bonds and stocks on comparing bond yields to

(B)among bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields to

(C)between bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields with

(D)among bonds and stocks on comparing bond yields and

(E)between bonds and stocks on comparing bond yields with

E1—7 A ―calendar stick‖carved centuries ago by the Winnebago tribe may provide the firstevidence that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basingthem on systematic astronomical observation.(A)that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basingthem

(B)of the North American Indians who have developed advanced full-year calendars andbasing them

(C)of the development of advanced full-year calendars by North American Indians,basing them

(D)of the North American Indians and their development of advanced full-year calendarsGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

based

(E)that the North American Indians developed advanced full-—year calendars based

E1—8 Gall‘s hypothesis of there being different mental functions localized in different partsof the brain is widely accepted today.(A)of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain iswidely accepted today

(B)of different mental functions that are localized in different parts of the brain is widelyaccepted tobay

(C)that different mental functions ale localized in different parts of the brain is widely

accepted today

(D)which is that there are different functions localized in different parts of the brain is

widely accepted today

(E)which is widely accepted today is that there are different mental functions localized

in different parts of the brain

E1—9 The rising of costs of data-processing operations at many financial institutions hascreateda growing opportunity for independent companies to provide these services moreefficiently and at lower cost．

(A)The rising of costs

(B)Rising costs

(C)The rising cost

(D)Because the rising cost

(E)Because of rising cost

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

E1—10 The decision by one of the nation‘s largest banks to admit to$30 billion in potential

losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developingcountries and increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the fund．

(A)increasing the pressure

(B)the increasing pressure

(C)increased pressure

(D)the pressure increased

(E)the pressure increasing

E1—11 In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminalcharges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than$16 million in civil damages forcars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.(A)cars that were test—driven with their odometers disconnected

(B)cars that it had test—driven with disconnected odometers

(C)its cars having been test—driven with disconnected odometers

(D)having test—driven cars with their odometers disconnected

(E)having cars that were test—driven with disconnected odometers

El一12 A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting thetheory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact t—h—at contributed to the extinction ofthe dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago．

(A)supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that

(B)supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact

(C)that supports the theory of global forest fires that were ignited by a meteorite impact andGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

that

(D)in support of the theory that global forest fires were ignited by meteorite impact and that

(E)of support for the theory of a meteorite impact that ignited global forest fires and

E1—13 Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice．which datesfrom the eighth century，was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders．

(A)to keep from

(B)to keep it from

(C)to avoid

(D)in order that it would avoid

(E)in order to keep from

E1—14 As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate，less people will enter the laborforce in the 1980‘sthandid in the 1960‘s and 1970‘s ,a twenty-year period during which peopleborn after the war swelled the ranks of workers.(A)lass people will enter the labor force in the 1980‘S than(B)le88 people will be entering the labor force in 1980‘S as

(C)fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980‘S as

(D)fewer people will be entering the labor force in the 1980‘S as

(E)fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980‘S than

E1—15 It appears illogical to some people that West Germany．which bans such seeminglesser evils as lawn-moving on Sundays，still has some 4，000 miles of highway with no speedlimit．

(A)which bans such seeming lesser evils as

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

(B)which bans such seemingly lesser evils as

(C)which is banning such seeming lesser evils like

(D)banning such evils that seem lesser，for example

(E)banning such seeming lesser evils like

E1—16 In 1933 the rubber，clothing，and shipbuilding industries put into effect a six．hourworkday，believing it a seeming permanent accommodation rather than a temporary expedient forwhat many observers thought was an economy made overproduction by advances in technology．

(A)believing it a seeming permanent accommodation rather than a temporary expedient forwhat many observers thought Was

(B)believing it a seeming permanent accommodation instead of a temporary expedient．forwhat many observers thought Was

(C)believing that it Was not a temporary expedient but a seeming permanent accommodationto what many observers thought of as a

(D)not as a temporary expedient but as a seemingly permanent accommodation towhat many observers thought Was

(E)not as a temporary expedient but believing it a seemingly permanent accommodation forwhat many observers thought

The keys to Exercises 1．A 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．E 8．C 9．C 10．C11．D12．B 13．C 14．E 15．B 16．D

練習(xí)題題解：

E1—1答案：A D、E中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不對(duì)，句意是強(qiáng)調(diào)―政治化‖這一動(dòng)作，而不是一固定的狀態(tài)。

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

E1—2答案：E本句是一組名詞詞組的并列，而劃線部分的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在形式上與前面部分不一致，需要名詞化，給loosening加一個(gè)不定冠詞a，fearing可用名詞形式a fear替換，另a fear的內(nèi)容用一名詞詞組是表達(dá)不了的，而應(yīng)用同位語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充解釋。

E1—3答案：D本句是一組名詞詞組的并列，而劃線部分的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在形式上與前面的部分不一致，需要名詞化，排除A、B、C。E錯(cuò)，its所指不清；同時(shí)，importing短語(yǔ)在system之后變成了―進(jìn)口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)‖改變句意，D表達(dá)了正確意思：該系統(tǒng)是以從佛羅里達(dá)和加州的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)。E1—4答案：A B中，integration本是被housing修飾，卻改為修飾increase；改變了句意。C、D、E中的significantly都表明increase為動(dòng)詞，但contribute t0結(jié)構(gòu)中t0為介詞，而非動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志。

E1—5答案：B既然A、C中的increasing作為名詞使用，并有population修飾就應(yīng)用自己的名詞形式increase.D、E中，本來(lái)原句是用一名詞短語(yǔ)對(duì)―6．6％的增長(zhǎng)‖做一補(bǔ)充解釋?zhuān)珼、E卻把其改為句子，使得結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化。同時(shí)，兩個(gè)句子之間無(wú)任何連詞，構(gòu)成run一on句(僅用逗號(hào)連接的句子，錯(cuò))。還有，population increases和increasing the population的表達(dá)都不符合習(xí)慣，應(yīng)為increases in the population。

E1—6答案：C根據(jù)兩者之間用between而不用among、兩者之間比較用compare with而不用compare to的原則，可迅速排除A、B、D。剩下C、E，二者在語(yǔ)法上都是完全正確的，這時(shí)我們就應(yīng)從邏輯上考慮，究竟用comparison還是用comparing，我們知道，前者表示一種狀態(tài)或結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)比較這個(gè)動(dòng)作，那么，在投資上，我們選擇股票或國(guó)庫(kù)券的根據(jù)是基于兩者的收入比較之后的結(jié)果上呢，還是基于比較這兩種收入的動(dòng)作上呢?顯然，應(yīng)是前者，選C。這是在GMT中很典型的題，考慮究竟是強(qiáng)調(diào)―動(dòng)作‖還是―狀態(tài)‖。

El一7答案：E本句是考抽象名詞之后用of短語(yǔ)，還是用that，從句進(jìn)行解釋。根據(jù)GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

該節(jié)第三條原則，排除B、C、D。A中，have developed表示的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不對(duì)，basing表達(dá)不妥。

E1—8答案：c同上題一樣，hypothesis之后是一串復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，A、B錯(cuò)；D、E中用which引導(dǎo)的限定性從句使句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，且which一般不引導(dǎo)限定性從句(可查閱公理)。

E1—9答案：C A中rising有自己的名詞形式rise，在這里用rising作名詞是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。B中costs與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has不一致，D使句子無(wú)主句，E使主句無(wú)主語(yǔ)。

E1—10答案：C A、D、E中，increasing或者increased的位置都不對(duì)。B中用the是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，因?yàn)榍懊娌⑽闯霈F(xiàn)過(guò)pressure，加the特指是不必要的。同時(shí)，在本章第一個(gè)例題就提到過(guò)，選含有increased而不是含有increasing的選項(xiàng)。

E1一11答案：D test—driven是形容詞，本可直接修飾cars，因此，A、E中，用that從句修飾cars使得表達(dá)不夠簡(jiǎn)潔，同時(shí)使cars和with短語(yǔ)的緊密關(guān)系被分裂開(kāi)來(lái)。C中，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成 式不能作名詞的修飾成分(可查閱第七章內(nèi)容)，因而C錯(cuò)。B的意思是―為那些車(chē)支付$16rillion，邏輯不通。而原句意為：他(這個(gè)制造商)使本應(yīng)帶有數(shù)碼表的測(cè)試車(chē)與其數(shù)碼表分離，為此行為，他需支付$16 million；D中的‘have sth．done結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)了此意，for表原因。

E1—12答案：B A、C、E中，theory之后用of修飾，改變了句子重心，變成了―森林火的理論‖，應(yīng)排除。而在D中，第二個(gè)that從句的先行詞找不到，同時(shí)，前句的同位語(yǔ)從句與這里的定語(yǔ)從句不可以構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)，且in support of沒(méi)有supporting簡(jiǎn)潔。B中的that從句是同位語(yǔ)從句，ignited過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾fire。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：a contribute to b a導(dǎo)致了b的發(fā)生

E1—13答案：C keep from在此處與avoid是同義的，可互相替換，但keep from的完整GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是keep sb．(sth．)from doing sth．，A項(xiàng)keep之后缺賓語(yǔ)，因此排除A，其余3個(gè)選項(xiàng)均比C復(fù)雜，所以選C，avoid之后跟動(dòng)名詞-ing形式。

E1—14答案：E people是可數(shù)名詞，用less來(lái)修飾people絕對(duì)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)改用fewer，排除A、B。由于fewer的存在，決定了此句是比較狀語(yǔ)，C、D中未有無(wú)比較連詞―than‖出現(xiàn)，錯(cuò)。

E1—15答案：B由例題1～i0的思路，可以斷定應(yīng)用seemingly修飾形容詞lesser，而不應(yīng)用seeming 修飾evils，排除A、C、E。D中用such…for example，不僅結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜難懂，也不夠簡(jiǎn)潔，不如用such as來(lái)舉例。B恰當(dāng)。

E1—16答案：D同上，seemingly permanent accommodation的修飾關(guān)系才是正確的，排除A、B．C。再由not…but的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，排除E，同時(shí)E中accommodation之后用for是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，?yīng)用to。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：accommodation to sth． 包容，容納某物

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

第二章 主謂一致

主謂一致，簡(jiǎn)而言之，就是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：如果主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式(如have，were，are，do)就肯定錯(cuò)，而只能用單數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞(如has。was，is，does三等)。在GMAT改錯(cuò)中，主謂一致總是考核重點(diǎn)。對(duì)于主謂一致原則的熟練掌握，會(huì)使你很快排除一些選項(xiàng)，縮小包圍，擴(kuò)大命中率。

但是，關(guān)于主謂一致的問(wèn)題，有繁多的條款需要分別予以區(qū)分，在這里我們列出GMAT中經(jīng)?？嫉囊恍┲髦^一致原則，希望大家牢牢記住。

語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)備：

總則：謂語(yǔ)只跟主語(yǔ)的中心詞取得一致．中心詞前后的修飾詞不起作用。

1．―there be‖句型中be用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，由后面的真正主語(yǔ)而定。

2．倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致；在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，記住who后的謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)要與wll0前面的真正主語(yǔ)保持一致，如：It was Mary who does the jobwell．(does對(duì)應(yīng)Mary)。

3．―one of，結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，―two of‖就要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。

4．單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，若用and連接上述相同的兩個(gè)成分，謂語(yǔ)才用復(fù)數(shù)。5．單個(gè)的名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如果用and或both and連接兩個(gè)以上的成分作主語(yǔ)．謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

6．有時(shí)用and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一件事，而且and后面的名詞前又無(wú)冠詞(如：My 110use and home)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)；如果后面那個(gè)名詞前面加上了冠詞，主語(yǔ)則變成了復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：My friend and the classmate Jane；如果and后面的名詞前加了not，主語(yǔ)又變成單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，如The farmer，and not the city dweller，is hurtwhen food price falls．

7．單數(shù)主語(yǔ)由下列詞組修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)不受這些修飾詞組的影響，仍用單數(shù)形式：along with。as well as，accompanied by，besides，combined with，in addition to，including(包括)，ratherthan(而不是)，no less than(與…一樣)，together with(與…一起)，with(與…)，for example 如He，rather than we，does the job。

8．由下列連詞連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要與其相鄰的詞保持一致。如：either…or,neither…nor，not only…but(also)，nor，or。如Either offices or the classroom need。cleaning．

9．量詞修飾的主謂一致：

(1)‖form(type，kind)of+主語(yǔ)‖，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)定；

(2)―half(rest，plenty，part，fifty percent，etc．)of+主語(yǔ)‖中，如主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

(3)―an amount(sum)of+不可數(shù)名詞‖作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)只用單數(shù)；―quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞‖作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)只用單數(shù)；而―a large sums of或quantities of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：―a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞‖作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)(意為：大量的…)；―the numberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞‖作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)(意為：…的數(shù)量)。

注意：在選項(xiàng)中若發(fā)現(xiàn)有amount和number的替換，little和few的替換或many和much的替換，請(qǐng)一定注意看其修飾的對(duì)象是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)。若為前者，只能用number或few或many修飾；若為后者，則只能由amount，little或much修飾(而―numbers of+可數(shù)名詞‖的修飾必錯(cuò))。

例如：Some new types of buses are now on show．

The total amount of money is$100．

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes．

10．不定代詞，物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致：

(1)―both(few，many，several)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞‖中，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；

(2)―all(80me，none，most，any)of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(或不可數(shù)名詞)‖時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要看所修飾的名詞，若為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，若為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。

(3)―either(neither)of‖修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。

(4)no修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式；若名詞為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

(5)another，each one，no one，neither，the other，each(each of)，either，everything(one，-body)，anything(-one，-body)和something(-one，-body)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

(6)若是―名詞或代詞+each‖作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與each之前名詞的形式保持一致，不受each的影響，如：The students each have a book． 11．定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致：

(1)在―n．of n．that定語(yǔ)從句‖中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，of之前的名詞是先行詞，但有時(shí)of之后的名詞也可作that從句的先行詞(這需從邏輯上判斷)。

(2)在―one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that(who)從句‖中，從句中的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)that的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而在―the only one(the first one)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that(who)從句‖中，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)that的先行詞是單數(shù)名詞one。

12．專(zhuān)有名詞，表示時(shí)間、距離、度量的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

13．帶有-ics結(jié)尾的科學(xué)名稱(chēng)若表示學(xué)科時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若表示一種實(shí)踐活動(dòng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)，如：statistics(作學(xué)科)翻譯為―統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)‖，作為后者，指―統(tǒng)計(jì)資料‖，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

14．一些外來(lái)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：

(1)以．is結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)-is改為-as：analysis-analyses，crisis---crises；

(2)以-um結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)-um改為-a：bacterium--bacteria，datum—data；

(3)以-on結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)-on改為-a：criterion--criteria；

(4)以-us結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)-us改為-i：nucleus--nuclei，stimulus---stimuli；

(5)以-a結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)．a(chǎn)改為-ae：lava-lavae，formula--formulae；

(6)以-ex/-ix結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)-ex/-ix改為一ices，index-indices； 例題詳解：

2—1 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans，American Indians，and HispanicAmericans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while thenumber of other students who enter the field fallen．

(A)has steadily increased，while the number of the students who enter the field has fallen

(B)has steadily increased，while other students entering the field have declined in number

(C)increased steadily，while there Was a decline in the number of other students entering thefield

(D)have steadily increased，while the number of other students entering the field has fallen

(E)have steadily increased，while that of other students who enter the field fell

題解：跳過(guò)enrollments之后的of到states之間的部分(這一長(zhǎng)串都是對(duì)enrollments的修飾)。本句的結(jié)構(gòu)就極其簡(jiǎn)單。A、B錯(cuò)，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)enrollments是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用have，而不是has；C中的increased所反映的時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，因?yàn)閟ince 1986這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及句意都表明該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；E前半段是正確的，但在while從句中有兩處明顯的錯(cuò)誤：(1)thatGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

指代不正確，主句中的enrollments是復(fù)數(shù)形式，避免重復(fù)的指示代詞應(yīng)用those，而非that；(2)while從句中用了過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)而非題意需要的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；D中前后都用完成時(shí)態(tài)，前面用have對(duì)應(yīng)enrollments，后面用has對(duì)應(yīng)the number of詞組，因而是正確的。

請(qǐng)注意：在D中while從句中，students后的修飾詞從A中的who從句改為了一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)。這一變動(dòng)使得D項(xiàng)更加簡(jiǎn)潔，強(qiáng)調(diào)enter的動(dòng)作與has fallen的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)的，而從句只能表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)(從句與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別會(huì)在分詞一章重點(diǎn)提及)。答案：D

解題技巧：在GMAT改錯(cuò)中，我們經(jīng)常需要把復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單化，即拋除一切修飾部分，抓主干，找出主謂，在主謂一致的判別中該技巧尤其重要。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：enrollment一詞在作―入學(xué)或注冊(cè)人數(shù)‖解釋時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，而在作為―參加‖的意思時(shí)．為不可數(shù)名詞。

2—2 The lack of complete historical records from the mid—to-late 1800‘s have made someBlack inventions difficult to trace to their originators．

(A)have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators

(B)have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators

(C)have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators

(D)has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators

(E)has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators

題解：本題較為簡(jiǎn)單，考主謂一致與make的用法。用上題思路，簡(jiǎn)化句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)是the lack。因而A、B、C均錯(cuò)，它們的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have；在D、E中正確的選擇基于對(duì)make用法的了解：make it adj．+to do sth．是一種慣用法，因而選D；E中的make it adj．+indoing sth．是不符合習(xí)慣的。答案：D

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：lack一詞可作及物動(dòng)詞或不可數(shù)名詞(常用of短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充解釋)，make的用法一般是：make sth．sth．使…成為…，make it adj．+to do sth．表明使做某事是…的(it指代后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ))。2—3 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land。Cleveland is but one of alarge number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way toimprove the quality of urban lire and attract new businesses．

(A)is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(B)is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(C)are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(D)are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life andattracting

(E)are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban lifeand attract

題解：題干中的but在此作副詞，可譯為―只不過(guò)‖(與only比較一下)。根據(jù)前述的第11條中的第(2)點(diǎn)，可知此題that指代communities而不是but one，因而A、B在that從句中用is是錯(cuò)誤的；D中雖是用are作謂語(yǔ)，但其中的its water fronts顯然與that所指代的communities在指代上不相配，D錯(cuò)；在C、E之間做選擇涉及對(duì)短語(yǔ)look to與look at的區(qū)分，前者一般是：look to sth．to do sth．譯為―指望…做…‖，而后者look at sth．譯為看…99，根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)該選用 look to(指望這些濱水區(qū)能提高城市生活質(zhì)量和吸引新的生意)，因而E錯(cuò)；C在that從句中用了&re，正確使用了look to結(jié)構(gòu)，在attract之前省略了to(與to improve并列)，并省去了多余的as a way。在考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如不知look to的用法，我們?nèi)钥捎闷渌毕菖懦?E：as a way 后的 they 指代含糊不清，從語(yǔ)法上講傾向于指代communities而不是water fronts.答案：C

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：plan作名詞，其后經(jīng)常用動(dòng)詞不定式修飾；but的這種副詞用法及l(fā)ookto sth．to do sth．用法。2—4 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded thatmuch of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from theincineration of wastes．

(A)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans fire exposed comes

(B)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are export to come

(C)much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans areexposed to comes

(D)many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed tocome

(E)many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

題解：A、B、C用much of，D、E用many of，根據(jù)上述第9條原則，我們幾乎可以立刻斷定本題是在考主謂一致。跳過(guò)修飾詞，實(shí)際上是用much of dioxins還是many of dioxins的 選擇，盡管我們很可能不知道dioxins是何意思，但從其形式上看，它是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因而應(yīng)用many 0f(1ioXinS，從而排除A、B、C；D中有兩個(gè)缺陷：(1)在首篇GMAT公理中我們說(shuō)過(guò)，n．+that is(are)adj．這種表達(dá)不簡(jiǎn)潔，均要改為adj．+n．的名詞短語(yǔ)形式，D中的dioxins that are currently controlled表達(dá)屬于此類(lèi)；(2)dioxin是介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，在正規(guī)書(shū)面表達(dá)中，如果對(duì)dioxin用定語(yǔ)從句修飾，應(yīng)該把to提前在引導(dǎo)詞which之前(不用that)，而在D選項(xiàng)中，用了that引導(dǎo)，to未提前；而E避免了這兩處錯(cuò)誤，是正確答案。答案：E

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)提示：be exposed to暴露于…

2—5 Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density，allowsfor more open space in areas where—little water or—services exist.(A)little water or services exist

(B)little water or services exists

(C)few services and little water exists

(D)there is little water or services available

(E)there are few services and little available water

題解：根據(jù)第5條原則，and連接主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，C錯(cuò)；根據(jù)第8條原則，由or連接主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)形式與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致，B錯(cuò)；A、D、E根據(jù)主謂一致原則是對(duì)的。再深入思考。我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)1ittle water 0r services這種表達(dá)是模糊的，有可能造成歧義，即little不僅修飾water，同時(shí)還修飾services而顯然，services是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可能用little來(lái)修飾，因而A、D都錯(cuò)；E彌補(bǔ)了這個(gè)缺陷，用few修飾services和用little修飾water，中間用and連接，表明兩者是共存關(guān)系，而非其中之一的關(guān)系。答案：E

EXERCISES

17題，限時(shí)20分鐘

E2—1 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle．

(A)Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.(B)out of every four，three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle．

(C)Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the UnitedStates．

(D)In the United States，three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

(E)Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States，bicycles are also owned bythree．

E2—2Two valence states of u枷um，one with a deficit of four electrons and the other onewith a deficit of six, occurs in nature and contributes to the diversity of uranium‘s behavior．

(A)the 0ther one with a deficit of six，Occurs in nature and contributes

(B)the other one a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute

(C)the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contributes

(D)the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute

(E)one with six，occurs in nature and contributes

E2—3The relationship between corpulence and disease．Remain controversial, althoughstatistics clearly associate fl reduced life expectancy with chronic obesity．

(A)remain controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(B)remain controversial，although statistics clearly associates a reduced life expectancy with(C)remain controversial，although statistics dearly associates reduced life expectancy to(D)remains controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(E)remains controversial，although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy toE2—4 Green anole lizards。familiar to school children as chameleons，have recently becomefamiliar to biologists as an exce11ent animal for laboratory studies of the interaction betweenstimuli with hormones．

(A)an excellent animal for laboratory studies of the interaction between stimuli with

(B)an excellent animal for laboratory studies of the interaction of stimuli and

(C)being excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction between stimuli with

(D)excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction between stimuli with

(E)excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction of stimuli and

E2—5 Several recent studies suggest that a child born into a family whose members haveallergies will probably themselves develop allergies following the onset of a minor viral infection.(A)a child born into a family whose members have allergies will probably themselvesdevelop allergies

(B)children born into families whose members have allergies will probably themselvesdevelop allergies

(C)a child born into a family the members of which have allergies will probably develop anallergy

(D)in those families where members have allergies，children will probably develop allergiesthemselves

(E)children born into fl family in which there are allergies will themselves probably developan allergy E2—6The major areas of medicine in which lasers are effective．Is in the cutting and closingof blood vessels, and in the destruction of tumors．

(A)is in the cutting and closing of blood vessels，and in the destruction

(B)are the cutting and closing of blood vessels，and also the cases of destroying

(C)are the cutting，closing of blood vessels，and in the destroying

(D)are the cutting and closing of blood vessels，and the destruction

(E)is in the cutting and closing of blood vessels，and the destroying

E2—7 Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over theGMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wages ofhousepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking—lot attendants and libraryassistants．

(A)paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly femalehave

(B)paid in occupations that are predominantly male over those that are predominantlyfemale have

(C)that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have

(D)that favors predominantly male occupations over those that ale predominantly femalehas(E)in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has

E2—8 Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts，a major goal of educationreformers and many states in the 1970‘s has not significantly reduced the gaps existing betweenthe richest and poorest districts．

(A)has not significantly reduced the gaps existing

(B)has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists

(C)has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists

(D)have not significantly reduced the gap that exists

(E)have not been significant in a reduction of the gap existing

E2··9The commission acknowledged that no amount of money or staff members can ensurethe safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant，but it approved the installationbecause it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken．

(A)no amount of money or staff members

(B)neither vast amounts of money nor staff members

(C)neither vast amounts of money nor numbers of staff members

(D)neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff

(E)no matter how large the staff or how vast the amount of money E2—10Each of Hemingway‘s wives---Hadley Bichardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh-were strong and interesting women，very different from the often pallid womenwho populate his novels．

(A)Each of Hemingway‘s、7lrives—Hadley Bichardson，Pauline Pfeiffer，Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh——were strong and interesting women，(B)Hadley Bichardson，Pauline Pfeiffer，Martha Gellhorn，and Mary Welsh--each of themHemingway‘s wives—were strong and interesting women，(C)Hemingway‘s wives一Hadley Bichardson，Pauline Pfeiffer，Martha Gellhorn, and MaryWelsh—were all strong and interesting women．

(D)Strong and interesting women—Hadley Bichardson，Pauline Pfeiffer。Martha Gellhorn，and Mary Welsh--each a wife of Hemingway, was

(E)Strong and interesting women--Hadley Bichardson，Pauline Pfeiffer。Martha Gellhorn，and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway‘s wives were

E2—11 Inflation in medical costs slowed in 1986 for the fifth consecutive year but about50 percent greater than the rate of price increases for other items included in theconsumer priceindex．

GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)精解（劉振民）

(A)Inflation in medical costs slowed in 1986 for the fifth consecutive year but were

(B)Inflation in medical costs slowed for the fifth consecutive year in 1986 but was

(C)In 1986 inflation in medical costs were slowed for fifth consecutive year but were(D)1986 Was the fifth consecutive year in which inflation in medical costs slowed but

(E)1986 Was the fifth consecutive year that inflation in medical costs were slowed, but theywere

E2—12 While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing, operations，many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the cost associated with upgradingdata-processing equipment and with the development and rnaintenance of new products andtechnical staff are prohibitive．

(A)cost associated with

(B)costs associated with

(C)costs arising from

(D)cost of

(E)costs of

E2—13 The record of the past is always incomplete，and the historian who writes about itinevitably reflects the preoccupations of their own time．

(A)the historian who writes about it inevitably reflects

(B)the historian writing about it will inevitably reflect

(C)a historian writing about it inevitably reflects

(D)writing about it，it is inevitable for historians to reflect

第四篇：GMAT語(yǔ)法動(dòng)名詞使用方法介紹

http://bailiedu.com

GMAT語(yǔ)法動(dòng)名詞使用方法介紹

GMAT語(yǔ)法動(dòng)名詞有兩種分類(lèi)，一種是簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)名詞，這種動(dòng)名詞際上是將動(dòng)詞放在中間，而整體作為一個(gè)名詞。第二種是復(fù)合動(dòng)名詞，這種形式下，動(dòng)名詞被完全包含在名詞詞組中，通常前面有冦詞或形容詞，或者of 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，接下來(lái)小編就GMAT語(yǔ)法動(dòng)名詞為大家介紹一下，助力考生順利備考GMAT語(yǔ)法考試。

我們先來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：

The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love.很明顯，這里的The bouquet of 和a giving of love 在結(jié)構(gòu)上平行但實(shí)際上并不平行，雖然giving 在這里是作為句詞使用。而作為這種動(dòng)名詞來(lái)說(shuō)，可以被當(dāng)作名詞來(lái)使用，但是詞性不純。我們可以把動(dòng)名詞分為兩類(lèi)來(lái)討論：

1.簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)名詞：

Tracking satellites accurately is important for the space agency.上面的例子中Tracking satellites accurately 可以被something 替換，這種動(dòng)名詞際上是將動(dòng)詞放在中間，而整體作為一個(gè)名詞。

2.復(fù)合動(dòng)名詞：

The accurate tracking of satellites is important for the space agency.這種形式下，動(dòng)名詞被完全包含在名詞詞組中，通常前面有冦詞或形容詞，或者of 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：the running of marathons，marathon running。

對(duì)于這兩種動(dòng)句詞來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)法相互平行，而且只有復(fù)合動(dòng)名詞才能與名詞相平行。

Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, raising the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.http://bailiedu.com

Withdrawal, reductions, 和 pardon 都是名詞，所以這里不能使用raising，而且這樣使用容易讓我誤解為是一種修飾。

Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, THE raising OF the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.當(dāng)然如果存在這種名詞我們還是要選擇單純的名詞而不是動(dòng)名詞：

◆ Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND releasing certain political prisoners.◆ Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND THE releasing OF certain political prisoners.◆ Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND THE RELEASE OF certain political prisoners.以上就是關(guān)于GMAT語(yǔ)法動(dòng)名詞的相關(guān)內(nèi)容介紹，希望大家能夠了解。多多備考了解GMAT相關(guān)信息，爭(zhēng)取做到萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。更多關(guān)于GMAT語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)備考注意的介紹小編會(huì)為大家呈現(xiàn)。最后祝大家順利備考GMAT考試，早日夢(mèng)圓名校。

第五篇：GMAT語(yǔ)法備考指導(dǎo)

GMAT語(yǔ)法備考指導(dǎo)

一提到GMAT語(yǔ)法這個(gè)板塊，很多學(xué)生往往第一句話(huà)就是“老師，我語(yǔ)法不好!怎么辦?”可見(jiàn)我們從初中就開(kāi)始接觸的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法并未讓我們?cè)贕MAT語(yǔ)法中信心十足;相反的，它讓我們產(chǎn)生了一定的畏懼。既然我們要全力“擊敗”它以求高分，我們就得全面了解它，力求突破。

首先，了解考試。GMAT語(yǔ)法板塊，全名叫做：“sentence correction”，按照字面意思理解是“句子改錯(cuò)”。但，事實(shí)上，GMAT語(yǔ)法中，并非全是句子改錯(cuò)，而應(yīng)該是“句子改進(jìn)”。因?yàn)樵趧澗€部分下面的5個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，有些選項(xiàng)是有絕對(duì)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，而有些選項(xiàng)則表面上看來(lái)是沒(méi)基本語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題的，它的問(wèn)題可能是：表達(dá)不清楚、重復(fù)啰唆或者違反了商業(yè)常規(guī)用法。此舉是為了讓我們的考生(將來(lái)的potential職業(yè)經(jīng)理人)了解且做到在將來(lái)的商業(yè)合同中嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而不出現(xiàn)合同表達(dá)歧義從而產(chǎn)生紛爭(zhēng))。

其次，具備基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和劃分長(zhǎng)難句。所有的英語(yǔ)句子都是由“主謂賓/主系表+修飾”這樣的構(gòu)成方式，在面對(duì)語(yǔ)法中一些看似長(zhǎng)且語(yǔ)意復(fù)雜的句子時(shí)，考生們需要快速“去修飾、找主干”。因?yàn)閷?duì)任何一個(gè)原來(lái)句子的改進(jìn)都是建立在盡量不改變?cè)瓉?lái)句子意思、結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，考生只有很好的把握到句子的主干核心才能在做題時(shí)快速做出正確的判斷。

第三，了解考試主要的幾大語(yǔ)法考察點(diǎn)：主謂一致、謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、比較平行、指代問(wèn)題、固定搭配、修飾問(wèn)題和邏輯表達(dá)。在熟悉到這些考點(diǎn)后進(jìn)一步細(xì)致深入每一個(gè)點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)考點(diǎn)，并能很好的把每個(gè)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，因?yàn)镚MAT語(yǔ)法體現(xiàn)的是 “深”度和“廣”度。所謂“廣”，它考察以上各個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)中的細(xì)節(jié)分點(diǎn)，而且還要考察各種固定搭配和“to”到底是不定式還是介詞。

所謂“深”，它結(jié)合了幾大語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，需要考生花時(shí)間去剖析平時(shí)不熟悉的一些表達(dá)句型，例如，At stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.這個(gè)句子，首先考察了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榻樵~短語(yǔ)不能做主語(yǔ)，所以這個(gè)句子真正的主語(yǔ)是the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks;其次，這個(gè)句子考察了虛擬語(yǔ)氣及其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)閟hould a significant number of these debts be repudiated是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。最后這個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝還變成了主句這個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的插入語(yǔ)。所以還原整句話(huà)就成了：if a significant number of these debts should be repudiated, the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks is at stake.第四，有些我們母語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣可能會(huì)影響我們對(duì)題的判斷。例如，The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site, which a commoner or foreigner could not enter without any permission, on pain of death.有些人覺(jué)得這樣一個(gè)句子讀起來(lái)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槲覀冎形闹杏袝r(shí)候會(huì)說(shuō)“未經(jīng)允許，任何人都不能進(jìn)入”。雖然這個(gè)中文句子中，“任何”修飾的是“人”，但大家總會(huì)感覺(jué)有一個(gè)“any”在;所以，有些人在看到上面這個(gè)英文句子時(shí)，會(huì)覺(jué)得讀起來(lái)很通順。但，事實(shí)上，without permission就已經(jīng)能夠清楚表達(dá)意思了，any只是畫(huà)蛇添足。

第五，多做題，多總結(jié)。每個(gè)人的知識(shí)缺陷和做題方法都不一樣，考生們應(yīng)該在自己練習(xí)的過(guò)程中不斷總結(jié)來(lái)提升自己的速度和正確率。

最后，考前一個(gè)月必須在電腦上練習(xí)。在紙上做題的時(shí)候，考生們都喜歡圈圈點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，然后讓自己快速排除和看清考點(diǎn);但是，考試是在電腦上進(jìn)行，如果不提前適應(yīng)電腦屏幕和不能做符號(hào)標(biāo)注的考試模式，可能在考試的時(shí)候，會(huì)一定程度上降低自己的正確率。