第一篇：動詞單三變化及練習題精選

動詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化及讀音

動詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化有三種形式。

(1)一般動詞在詞尾加-s，-s在清輔音后讀／s／，在濁輔音或元音后讀／z／ds讀／dz／，ts讀／ts／。如：

help→helps／helps／，know→knows／n?uz／，get→gets／gets／，read→reads／ri?dz／

(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh或有些以o結(jié)尾的動詞加-es，-es讀／iz／。如：

guess→guesses／'??siz／，fix→fixes／'fiksiz／，teach→teaches／'ti?t?iz／，wash→washes／'w??iz／ 注意：go→goes／??uz／，do→does／d?z／

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，再加-es，-ies讀／iz／。如：

carry→carries／'k?riz／，fly→flies／flaiz／

注：在play→plays／pleiz／，say→says／sez／中，字母y前為元音字母，第三人稱單數(shù)形式直接在動詞后面加-s。(4)特殊詞例外。如： be→is，have→has 以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是[s]，[z]時，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音，與所加“s”，一起讀做[iz]。如：

close－closes [iz]

一般現(xiàn)在時練習

一.用詞的適當形式填空。

1.What time_________ his father_________(do)the work? 2.He _________(get)up at five o’clock.3.__________ you _________(brush)your teeth every morning.4.What ________(do)he usually ________(do)after school? 5.Tom ________(study)English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6.Kitty sometimes __________(go)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she __________(watch)TV with her parents.8.________ Mike________(read)English every day? 9.How many lessons________ your classmates______(have)on Monday? 10.We often___________(play)football in the playground.二．選擇

()1._____ you have a book? A.Do B.Are C.Is D.Have()2.They _________ on a farm.A.working B.is work C.work D.is worked()3.Does Peter like to watch TV? __________.A.Yes, he like B.No, he doesn’t C.Yes, he’d like D.No, he likes()4.She doesn’t __________ her homework in the afternoon.A.doing B.to do C.does D.do()5.How ____________ Mr.Brown ___________ to America? A.do,go B.is,go C.does,go D.does,goes()6.Where’s my camera? I____________ it.A.am not finding B.am not seeing C.can’t find D.can’t look at()7.How ___________ he go to work? He ___________ to work by bike.A.does;go B.do;goes C.do;go D.does;goes()8.______ you usually late for school? No, _____________.A.Do;I am B.Does;not C.Are;I’m not D.Are;I aren’t()9._____ she _____ home at six every day? A.Is , leave B.Does , leave C.Is , leaves D.Does , left()10.Mr.Yang ____________ English this term.A.teaches our B.teaches us C.teachs us D.teach our

一、單項選擇題

1.Jenny ____ in an office.Her parents ____in a hospital.A.work worksB.works work

C.work are working D.is working work 2.One of the boys_____ a black hat.A.have B.there is C.there are D.has 3.We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.A.don't rain B.didn't rain C.doesn't rain D.isn't rain

4.He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.A.rose;set B.rises;sets C.rises;set D.rise;sets 5.Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.A.like;listen B.likes;listens C.like;are listening D.liking;listen 6.Jenny____ English every evening.A.has study B.studies C.study D.studied 7._____Mike from Japan? A.Are B.Do C.Does D.Is 8._____you come from Japan? A.Are B.Do C.Does D.Is 9.What language do you_______? A.say B.talk C.tell D.speak 10.The elephant likes______her friends and _____grass.A.play with;eatB.play with;eats

C.to play with;eat D.to play with;eats

二、所給動詞的正確形式填空

1.I can take Li Ming there when he _____(come)to visit.2._____your sister_____(know)English? 3.Her home____(be)away from her school.4.The pot_____(not look)like yours very much.5.Where _____you____(have)lunch every day? 6.Who_____(want)to go swimming? 7.______she_____(do)the housework every day? 8.Jenny and Danny usually______(play)games in the afternoon.9.______you ______(like)English? 10.What______his father_____(do)?

第二篇：動詞的“三單”,ing,和過去式變化規(guī)則

動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)的單數(shù)及發(fā)音規(guī)則：

1.一般直接在此為加-s，-s在清輔音后讀/s/,在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/, ds讀/dz/, ts讀/ts 如 help

helps/s/

know

knows/z/

get

gets/s/

read

reads/z/ 2.以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 結(jié)尾的動詞加-es，-es 讀 /iz/, 如 guess

guesses

fix

fixes

teach

teaches

wash

washes 注意：go

goes/z/

do

does /z/ 3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，再加-es，-ies讀/iz/ carry

carries

fly

flies

注意：在play---plays，say----says中，字母y前為元音字母，第三人稱單數(shù)形式直接在動詞后加-s 4.特俗詞例外

5.be動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)分別為am, is, are, have則為has 注意：以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后，字母”e”發(fā)音，與所加-s一起讀作/iz/,如 close

closes/iz/ 動詞的ing變化規(guī)則：

1.一般情況直接加ing，如 look—looking

go---going visit---visiting 2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e再加ing，如 come---coming

make---making write---writing 3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫該輔音字母，再加ing，如 run---running

stop---stopping get---getting swim---swimming begin---beginning 4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，直接加ing，如

study---studying

carry---carrying

fly---flying cry---crying 5.以ie結(jié)尾的重度開音節(jié)動詞，先變ie為y，再加ing，如 die---dying

tie---tying

lie---lying 動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則：

1.規(guī)則變化

（1）一般直接在動詞后加ed，-ed在清輔音后讀/t/, 在濁輔音及元音后讀/d,/-ed在/t//d/后讀/id/,如

call---called open---opened look---looked

want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/（2）以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的，直接加-d，如

live---lived move---moved hope---hoped（3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，再加-ed，（注意：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的，還是直接加-ed，如，play---played，enjoy---enjoyed）如 study---studied cry---cried try---tried

（4）以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-ed，如

plan---planned fit---fitted stop---stopped

2.不規(guī)則變化（要特俗記憶），以下是一些常見的動詞的過去式 am,is-was

are-were，do-did，see-saw，say-said，give-gave，get-got, go-went

come-came

have/has-had eat-ate，take-took

run-ran

put-put make-made

read-read

write-wrote

draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew

ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept

swim-swam

sit-sat

hear-heard sleep-slept

let-let blow-blew

hurt-hurt

speak-spoke

buy-bought keep-kept swim-swam

eat-ate catch-caught know-knew stand-stood

choose-chose lie-lay

leave-left draw-drew teach –taught drink-drank make-made tell-told

think-thought mean-meant

feel-felt

drive-drove meet-met

write –wrote

find-found fly-flew

forget-forgot ring-rang see-saw

ride-rode grow-grew

sing-sang/sung begin-began learn-learned/learnt

可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則：

1.規(guī)則變化：

（1）一般情況下，在詞尾加-s，如book---books

boy---boys（2）以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es，如bus---buses

watch---watches（3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-es，如city---cities

family---families（4）以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的分兩類，一類直接加-s，另一類大多數(shù)情況下，將-f或-fe改為v，再加-es，如，roof---roofs belief---beliefs leaf---leaves life---lives knife---knives 2.不規(guī)則變化

（1）元音字母發(fā)生變化

man---men tooth---teeth goose---geese（2）詞尾變化

child---children mouse---mice（3）單復數(shù)同形

sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish

另附清輔音與濁輔音：

清輔音：

[p]

[t]

[k]

[f]

[s]

[θ]

[∫]

[ts]

[t∫]

[tr]

[h]

濁輔音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]

音節(jié)分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)，3.開音節(jié)又分為相對開音節(jié)和絕對開音節(jié)

（1）相對開音節(jié)：“以一個元音字母+一個輔音字母（r除外）+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾的叫相對開音節(jié)。這里元音字母發(fā)自己本身的音。如，cake，grade，name，bike（2）絕對開音節(jié)：以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的叫絕對開音節(jié)。如，he，she，me，no，go 2.閉音節(jié)：以“輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母”結(jié)尾的叫閉音節(jié)，如，get，put，pen，ten，let

第三篇：be 動詞練習題

王牌家教中心

姓名：時間 ：家長簽字：

謹記：I am;You are;He is;She is;It is;We are;You are;They are.一、在橫線上填上合適的be動詞。（am,is,are）

1、Helen____ a student2、This _____my book.5、Your mother_____ swimming.6、Your sister______in the study.7、Those jackets_______my sister’s8、That______her dog.9、The cat_______on the desk.10、The books_______under the table.二.用括號中適當?shù)脑~填空。

1.I ________(be)from China.2.She _______(be)a student.3.Jane and Tom _________(be)my friends.4.My parents _______(am, is, are)very busy(忙)every day.5.They_______(be)good students.6.These_______(be)my parents, Alan and Mary.7.Here _____(be)two photos of my family.8.He _____(be)nine tomorrow.三.用所be動詞的適當形式填空。

1.A: Who _______she?B: She ________my sister.2.A: _______ you Miss Black?B: Yes, I ______.3.It _____(be)a shirt, it _______(not)a skirt.四、用 am, is, are 填空

1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy?

2、The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4、The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.4.______ your brother in the classroom?

6、Where _____ your mother?

7.How _______ your father?

8、Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this?10.Whose socks ______ they?

11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?

13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk _____ for me.19.Some tea ______ in the glass.20.Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.21.My sister's name ______Nancy.22.I _____ a student.23.You ____ a doctor.24.____she from Jinan?

25._____you American?26.He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1.27.It_____ a car.28.They ____ cars.29.____ your mother in China?30._____your friends in New York?

31.What ____her name?32.These _____ buses.33.Those _____oranges.34.Where _____ her mother?

35.How old _____your teacher?36.What class _____ you in?

51.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.53.That ______ my red skirt.55.______ David and Helen from

57.56.There ______ a girl in the room.58._______ there any kites in the classroom?

There ______ some apples on the tree.59._______ there any apple juice in the bottle?1

第四篇：be動詞練習題

英語專項練習（Be動詞）

be動詞用法歌：

我用am,你用are，is連接他，她，它。單數(shù)名詞用is，復數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。

一、在下面的短文中填上恰當be動詞。

I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary.I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.二、在下面的題目中填上恰當?shù)腂e動詞。（注意Be動詞的時態(tài)）1.I ________from Australia.2.She _______ a student.3.Jane and Tom _________my friends.4.My parents _______very busy every day.5._______ there a Chinese school in New York? 6.There _____ some glasses on it.7.There ________many monkeys in the mountain.8.There_________ a beautiful garden in our school.9.I _______ at school just now.10.He ________ at the camp last week.11.We ________ students two years ago.12.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.13.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.14.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.15.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.16.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.17.There _________some water in the glass.18.There __________ some bread on the table.19.Where ________ your friends yesterday? 20.How old __________ you last year? 21.Which dog ________ yours? 22.Ten and two ________ twelve.、三．用am, is, are 填空 1)I _____ a student.2)You ____ a doctor.3)____she from Jinan?

4)_____you American? 5)He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1.6)It_____ a car.7)They ____ cars

.8)____ your mother in China? 9)_____your friends in New York? 10)What ____her name?

11)These _____ buses.12)Those _____oranges.13)Where _____ her mother? 14)How old _____your teacher? 15)What class _____ you in? 四．

1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack’s sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?

6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father? 8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?

13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling....

第五篇：英語動詞單三變化規(guī)則及名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)口訣

動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式變化規(guī)則：

1）一般由動詞原形加-s

get-gets

play-plays

2）以e結(jié)尾的動詞，加-s

like-likes

make-makes

3)以o結(jié)尾的動詞加-es

go-goes

do-does

以s, x, ch, sh等字母結(jié)尾的動詞，后面加-es

kiss-kisses

fix-fixes

teach-teaches

fish-fishes

4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變i, 再加-es

fly-flies

study-studies 5)have –has

一般現(xiàn)在時

主語+動詞原型V I have a friend.You have a friend.We have a friend.They have a friend.主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動詞V（三單）

She / He / It has a friend.Tom / My mother has a friend.名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)口訣

(一)規(guī)則變化

名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)，直接加-s 占多數(shù)；

s, x, z, ch, sh 來結(jié)尾，直接加上-es；

詞尾是 f 或 fe，加-s 之前先變 ve；

輔母 + y 在詞尾，把 y 變 i 再加-es；

詞尾字母若是 o，常用三個已足夠，要加-es 請記好，hero, tomato, potato。

(二)不規(guī)則變化

男人女人 a 變 e，鵝足牙 oo 變 ee；

老鼠虱婆也好記，ous 變 ic； 孩子加上 ren，魚鹿綿羊不用變。

This---these(這些)

that--those(那些)

【解說】

1.英語名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)的區(qū)別，單數(shù)表示“一”，復數(shù)表示“多于一。”名詞由單數(shù)變復數(shù)，多數(shù)是規(guī)則的變，直接加-s，例如：book → books, girl → girls。但以-s,-z,-x,-ch,-sh 結(jié)尾的名詞，變成復數(shù)時加-es, 例如：bus → buses, buzz → buzzes, box → boxes, watch → watches, brush → brushes

2.-f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)歌訣：① 樹葉半數(shù)自已黃，妻子拿刀去割糧，架后竄出一只狼，就像強盜逃命忙。② 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。例如：leaf(樹葉，葉子)，half(一半)，self(自已)，wife(妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼), thief(竊賊，強盜)和 life(生命)，這些名詞變成復數(shù)時，都要改-f(e)為 v，再加-es。

3.-f 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s 變復數(shù)歌訣：海灣邊、屋頂上，首領奴仆兩相望；誰說他們無信仰，證據(jù)寫在手帕上。例如：gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief，這些名詞變復數(shù)直接加-s。

注：scarf(圍巾；披風)可以先改 f 為 ve 再加-s，也可直接加-s。

4.輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的名詞，把 y 變 i 加-es。例如：baby → babies, country → countries, family → families；而-y 前是元音時，-y 不變，直接加-s。例如：day → days, boy → boys

5.以-o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時，多數(shù)直接加-s。例如：radio → radios, piano → pianos, kangaroo → kangaroos；有的須加-es，中學課本中有幾個這樣的單詞，可以通過一句口訣來記憶：黑人英雄愛吃西紅柿和土豆。即：Negro → Negroes, hero → heroes, tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes；有的以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞既可加-s 也可加-es。例如：volcano(火山)→ volcanos / volcanoes 等。

6.名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化需要特別記憶。例如：man → men, woman → women, goose →geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, louse(虱子)→ lice, child → children, fish → fish, deer(鹿)→ deer, sheep → sheep 等。

7.初中課本中表示“某國人”的名詞復數(shù)形式變化可通過歌訣記憶：中日不變英法變，其余-s 加后面。例如：Chinese → Chinese, Japanese → Japanese；Englishman → Englishmen, Englishwoman → Englishwomen, Frenchman → Frenchmen, Frenchwoman → Frenchwomen；American → Americans, Rusian → Rusians, Arab → Arabs, German → Germans 等。

8.不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式，沒有復數(shù)形式。有些不可數(shù)名詞可借助單位詞表示一定的數(shù)量。例如：a cup of tea 一杯茶, two pieces of paper 兩張紙, an item of news 一則新聞

不規(guī)則動詞過去式與過去分詞分類記憶表

一、AAA.（原形，過去式和過去分詞一致）1.花費 cost cost cost

2.割

cut cut

cut

3.傷害 hurt hurt hurt

4.讓

let

let let 5.放

put

put put 6.朗讀

read read read 7.設置、安置 set set set 8.打擊，碰撞

hit hit hit 9.關上門窗 shut shut shut 10.讓

let

let

let

二、ABB（過去式和過去分詞一致）

1)過去式、過去分詞含有-ought

1.帶來

bring

brought

brought 2.買

buy

bought

bought 3.打架

fight

fought

fought 4.想

think

thought

thought 5.尋找、探究

seek sought

sought 2)過去式、過去分詞含有-aught

5.抓住

catch

caught

caught 6.教

teach

taught

taught 3)過去式、過去分詞-t替換原形-d

7.建筑

build

built

built 8.借出

lend

lent

lent 9.花費

spend

spent

spent 10.派遣

send

sent

sent 4)過去式、過去分詞在原形詞尾加t或d

11.學會

learn

learnt/ed

learnt/ed 12.意思

mean

meant

meant 13.燃燒

burn

burnt/ed

burnted 13.做夢

dream dreamt/ed

dreamt/ed 13.處理

deal

dealt

dealt 14.聽

hear

heard

heard 5）過去式、過去分詞改為-ept

15.保持

keep

kept

kept 16.睡覺

sleep

slept

slept 17.掃

sweep

swept

swept 6）過去式、過去分詞改為-elt

18.感覺

feel

felt

fel

19.嗅

smell

smelt/ed

smelt/ed 20.拼寫

spell

spelt/ed

spelt/ed 7)過去式、過去分詞改為-aid 20.孵蛋

lay

laid

laid 21.說

say

said

said 22.支付

pay

paid

paid 8)過去式、過去分詞改為-old

23.賣

sell

sold

sold 24.告訴

tell

told

told 9)過去式、過去分詞改為-ood 站

stand

stood

stood 26.明白

understand understood

understood 10)其它變化

27.得到

get

got

got(gotten)28.坐

sit

sat

sat 29.照顧

babysit

babysat

babysat 30.離開

leave

left

left 31.失去

lose

lost

lost 32.找到

find

found

found 33.有

have(has)

had

had 34.握住，召開 hold

held

held

35.制造

make

made

made 36.懸掛

hang

hung

hung 37.照耀

shine

shone

shone 39.贏

win

won

won 40逃跑

flee

fled

fled 41喂

feed

fed

fed 42.引導，導致 lead

led

led

43遇見

meet

met

met

三、ABA（過去式與原形一致）

1.變成become

became

become 2.來

come

came

come 3.跑

run

ran

run

四、ABC（原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣）

1).過去分詞在過去式或原形后加-n或-en

1.擊敗

beat

beat

beaten 2.破壞

break

broke

broken 3.駕駛

drive

drove

driven 4.吃

eat

ate

eaten 5.落下

fall

fell

fallen 6.給

give

gave

given 7.生長

grow

grew

grown 8.知道

know

knew

known 9.blow

blew

blown 10.扔

throw

threw

thrown

11.展示 show

showed

shown

12.弄錯，錯誤

mistake mistook

mistaken 13.拿

take

took

taken 14.搖動

shake

shook

shaken 15.說

speak

spoke

spoken 16.選擇 choose

chose

chosen

2)三種形式都有變化

1.是

be(is, am, are)

was/were

been 2.開始 begin

began

begun

3.做

do

did

done 4.喝

drink

drank

drunk 5.飛

fly

flew

flown

6.忘記

forget forgot

forgotten(forgot)7.躺

lie

lay

lain 8.騎

ride

rode

ridden 9.打電話 ring

rang

rung 10.唱

sing

sang

sung 11.穿

wear wore

worn 12.游泳

swim

swam

swum 13.寫

write

wrote

written 14.去

go

went

gone

Grammar

一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞 過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下 :

A:1.一般情況下，直接在動詞原形后面加 –ed.worked answered obeyed wanted 2.以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾的動詞只加 –d.moved hoped divided

3.字尾是輔音+y的動詞。則將y改i加ed.studied tidied satisfied 4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，這些詞的末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 –ed.stopped regretted dropped B: Learn the verb list on P122.二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時的 “完成用法”

現(xiàn)在完成時的 “完成用法” 指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關系。例如： He has turned off the light.他已把燈關了。

(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)

現(xiàn)在完成時 “完成用法” 的特點是動作不延續(xù)，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如： already，yet，before，recently 等)、頻度時間狀語(如： never，ever，once 等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如： this morning / month / year...，today 等)連用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？

2、現(xiàn)在完成時的 “ 未完成用法 ”

現(xiàn)在完成時的 “ 未完成用法 ” 指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。

例如：1.He has lived here since 1978/he moved here.自從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于 1978 年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)

2.I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動作開始于 5 年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。)

此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由 since 或 for 引導)，或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如： up to now，so far 到目前為止)等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“ 助動詞 have /has + 過去分詞 ”。

如： The film started at 7 o'clock.He has been a teacher for many years.(2)一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與 just, already, ever, never 等副詞和 these days, this week, since..., for.../since...ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段時間的狀語連用。

(3)一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對 “ 現(xiàn)在 ” 產(chǎn)生的影響。

如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他 1998 年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)

看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？

(A)Have you seen the film?(B)Did you see the film?

[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。

(A)He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.[說明] 他在北京住了 8 年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了 8 年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過 8 年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。