第一篇：科技英語(yǔ)翻譯 課后答案

科技英語(yǔ)翻譯

1.1 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.動(dòng)力裝置是船舶的心臟。

驅(qū)動(dòng)這些機(jī)器的動(dòng)力裝置是一臺(tái)50馬力的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。

第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半導(dǎo)體裝置也稱(chēng)為晶體管，在許多場(chǎng)合替代電子管。

我們知道，所有的物體都有重量并占據(jù)空間。

空間狹窄，旅客的兩腿就不能自由活動(dòng)。

第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的礦物質(zhì)叫做軟化。

雙子葉植物典型的營(yíng)養(yǎng)葉由兩個(gè)主要部分組成：葉片和葉柄。

1.2 對(duì)譯者的要求 第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.愛(ài)因斯坦的相對(duì)論是能解釋這種現(xiàn)象的唯一理論。（直譯）

這四顆外層行星的內(nèi)核可能都由金屬、硅酸鹽和水構(gòu)成。（意譯）The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.設(shè)計(jì)師必須備有所使用材料的儲(chǔ)備表。（意譯）

要使印刷品的質(zhì)量達(dá)到要求，部件調(diào)試及修理就必須定期進(jìn)行。（意譯）

第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生長(zhǎng)的各因素中最重要的是水的供應(yīng)。（合譯）

太陽(yáng)的大小看起來(lái)有變化，這是由于靠近地平線的空氣中有塵粒而引起的。（分譯）醫(yī)生對(duì)血樣作了分析，看是不是貧血癥。（分譯）

These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.這些石塊和鐵塊的碎片大小不等，大的直徑有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分譯）制造過(guò)程可以分為單件生產(chǎn)和大量生產(chǎn)。前者指的是生產(chǎn)少量的零件，后者則是指生產(chǎn)大量相同的零件。（分譯）第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Cartography is the science of making maps.Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.制圖學(xué)是研究繪制地圖的科學(xué)。（增譯）

人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然界里許多元素，都是各種不同的同位素的混合物。（增譯）

The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.電學(xué)上最常用的兩個(gè)單位是安培和伏特：后者是電壓的單位，前者是電流的單位。（增譯）同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸是電學(xué)的一個(gè)基本規(guī)律。（省譯）

第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.幾乎任何一種絕緣體都多少具有保留電荷一段時(shí)間的能力。向心推力軸承有較大的軸向承載能力。通過(guò)改變晶粒的方向可以改變焊縫的性能。2.1 詞義的選擇 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.The earth isn’t completely round;it is slightly flattened at the poles.In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.錠子同時(shí)繞兩個(gè)互相垂直的軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。（介詞）

粒子每運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一周都從振蕩電場(chǎng)獲取新的能量。（名詞）地球并非完全是圓的，它的兩極略扁平。（形容詞）

An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.Her waist measures forty inches round.電子是繞原子核轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)且?guī)в胸?fù)電荷的極其微小的粒子。（動(dòng)詞）她腰圍40英寸。（副詞）

第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.Certain isotopes are not found in nature.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)鉆孔速度與工具所受的凈壓力成正比。

求一正方形或長(zhǎng)方形的面積，你只需將其長(zhǎng)度乘以寬度?？茖W(xué)家們總是力求找到快速而簡(jiǎn)便的方法獲得定量數(shù)據(jù)。有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。

New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.Kangaroos are found in Australia.This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.Plastics find wide application in our daily life.大袋鼠產(chǎn)于澳大利亞。

這種植物生長(zhǎng)在近河口的海中。

新發(fā)明的纖維在工程和工業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。微型計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于智能傳感器的生產(chǎn)中。塑料在我們的日常生活中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.滾動(dòng)阻力的起因在于滾動(dòng)體的配合面和它滾動(dòng)的滾道的變形。（技術(shù)性引申）

通常，數(shù)控機(jī)床的編程是脫機(jī)完成的，指令載于穿孔帶上。（技術(shù)性引申）大片大片漂浮的藻類(lèi)的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致很多魚(yú)因缺氧而死亡。（修辭引申）

The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors.元件技術(shù)中起主要作用的是半導(dǎo)體元件。（具體化引申）兩板之間的距離相對(duì)于其寬度和長(zhǎng)度而言比較小。（具體化引申）

隨著鈾核和钚核的裂變，會(huì)有極其巨大的能量釋放處理。（修辭性引申）正像不同的固體和液體的密度不同一樣，不同的氣體和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具體化引申）The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure.At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.The facts have been set down in black and white.顯然，其結(jié)構(gòu)還有較大的改進(jìn)余地。（抽象化引申）目前，煤是火電廠最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）

居里夫婦堅(jiān)信，自然界中有一種物質(zhì)能放出輻射能。（具體化引申）這些事實(shí)已經(jīng)清清楚楚地記錄下來(lái)了。（抽象化引申）2.3 詞類(lèi)的轉(zhuǎn)換 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf.We should get familiar with different systems of units.每次取一個(gè)標(biāo)本測(cè)定顏色。

可以肯定，這場(chǎng)石油泄漏事件對(duì)波斯灣的生態(tài)是個(gè)慘重的打擊。我們應(yīng)該熟悉各種（計(jì)量）單位制。

These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design---not just to mechanical engineering design.Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators.When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.常以氫氣代替空氣來(lái)冷卻大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)。

第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)德國(guó)人在研制核武器方面離成功還很遠(yuǎn)。

這些判定過(guò)程可以應(yīng)用于工程設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)領(lǐng)域，而不僅僅限于機(jī)械工程設(shè)計(jì)。Various precautions have been taken against leakage.Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F.Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost.This new model should appeal to potential buyers.一旦進(jìn)入烘干爐，板材就處于365華氏度的溫度條件下。價(jià)值的定義是功能或性能與成本的數(shù)值比。

已采取了各種措施防止?jié)B漏。

這種新式樣對(duì)潛在的買(mǎi)主肯定有吸引力。

Galileo’s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill.Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird;sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.有時(shí)科學(xué)家觀察一物體及其特征，例如一顆星或一只鳥(niǎo)；有時(shí)科學(xué)家觀察某一事件，即在一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的事。

地震對(duì)于生命的破壞通常大于火山爆發(fā)。

伽利略的實(shí)驗(yàn)并不難，也沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明他是以非凡的技能來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的。Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.一種燃料燃燒的速度有多快，取決于它與氧氣或空氣混合的均勻程度。這就是線圈常被叫做電感器的原因。

應(yīng)當(dāng)慢慢加熱，以避免發(fā)生局部過(guò)熱現(xiàn)象。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure.The metal casts well.A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic;the plastic is insulation round the wire.幾乎材料的一切有用特性都與其內(nèi)部的結(jié)構(gòu)有密切的關(guān)系。這種金屬有良好的鑄造性能。

傳導(dǎo)電流的導(dǎo)線包有塑料，該塑料便是導(dǎo)線周?chē)慕^緣材料。

There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.Safety in a power plant is of great importance.Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.安全在電廠是非常重要的?，F(xiàn)代發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)大多采用固體電路。有許多方法來(lái)確定磁場(chǎng)周?chē)拇帕Ψ植紶顩r。潤(rùn)滑良好可保護(hù)軸承不受損傷。

E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.這些概念常?？浯罅藱C(jī)器人與人類(lèi)在形體和行為方面的相似之處?！峨娮踊ど虅?wù)》目前主要提供兩個(gè)層次的有關(guān)化學(xué)、塑料和能源電子商務(wù)的在線商務(wù)信息服務(wù)。

直到1886年人們發(fā)現(xiàn)電解法還原鋁之前，鋁一直是一種昂貴的珍品。

Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts.由于有些材料不像另一些那樣容易被損壞，所以有可能研制出防輻射的零件。2.4 詞的增譯

第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem---weightlessness.By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.這一作用從外表上看來(lái)像電容器的放電現(xiàn)象。

一旦離開(kāi)了地球的引力范圍，宇航員又遇到了另一個(gè)問(wèn)題——失重?？茖W(xué)家們正通過(guò)最大限度地減小微觀缺陷來(lái)制造強(qiáng)度高得多的陶瓷。Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones.Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.天文學(xué)家有證據(jù)表明，還有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作為伴星。和普通電池相比，原子電池體積小、重量輕。晶體管能使原先體積大的設(shè)備變得小得多。

The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.最大最貴的產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)轶w積大，在該工廠里是不能檢驗(yàn)的。

開(kāi)發(fā)新材料的關(guān)鍵在于研究人員不斷提高在分子一級(jí)上處理物質(zhì)的能力。

冷軋可使操作工生產(chǎn)出精確度高、均勻度好的軋制件，并具有更好的表面光潔度。All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model.PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful.This method makes it easy to identify the various components.在擬訂模型時(shí)，所有這些因素都將起到關(guān)鍵性的作用。這個(gè)方法使人們很容易識(shí)別各種不同的構(gòu)成成分。

個(gè)人電腦一般并不太穩(wěn)定，所以，進(jìn)行視頻編輯時(shí)需要加倍小心。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.據(jù)估計(jì)，一匹普通馬的功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。

補(bǔ)塊比原板的厚度大一號(hào)。

眾多研究表明，以圖形表示的信息被人們接受的速度比以文字表示的快許多倍。The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region.The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況，這臺(tái)接收機(jī)都將可靠地工作。藥劑師正對(duì)毒性進(jìn)行分析。

看來(lái)，建造水壩對(duì)這一地區(qū)的生態(tài)已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)大的影響。

Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier.頻率、波長(zhǎng)和聲速三者是密切相關(guān)的。

輻射能、電能和化學(xué)能這三種能均可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮?。采用參量放大器即可將噪音系?shù)減小至最低限度。

In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.如果沒(méi)有足夠的知識(shí)，就分不清標(biāo)本是屬蝶類(lèi)還是蛾類(lèi)。

有許多器件在受光照射時(shí)能產(chǎn)生電流，但不發(fā)生任何化學(xué)變化。鉛能被錘成很薄的薄片而不破裂。2.5 詞的省譯

第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality.Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其質(zhì)量差。這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)成為內(nèi)燃機(jī)。

肝炎不管是由何種病毒引起的，其癥狀均大同小異。

This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period.The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.設(shè)計(jì)選擇的關(guān)鍵在于考慮增益、噪音系數(shù)等等。

這個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的逆差來(lái)源于三個(gè)始終互相影響的因素。碳轉(zhuǎn)變成石墨時(shí)，其性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了變化。Temperatures may reach 700°C and surface oxidation becomes critical.If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experiments.分裂一重元素的原子核，會(huì)釋放出很大的能量。溫度高達(dá)700攝氏度，表面氧化便成為關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。酶的發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要，因?yàn)樗苿?dòng)了一系列試驗(yàn)的進(jìn)行。

Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed.金屬有電流通過(guò)時(shí)，除了金屬可能變熱外沒(méi)有什么顯著變化。溫度升高了，結(jié)果元件出了故障。

這個(gè)設(shè)備是許多先進(jìn)系統(tǒng)不可缺少的一部分。

If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.如果能利用的冷卻水不多，則柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以成為極好的發(fā)電10000千伏安以下的原動(dòng)機(jī)。水管被東西堵住，水流不出去。2.6 重復(fù)法

第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid.The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron.The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air.氣體的性質(zhì)與液體的性質(zhì)大不相同。（重復(fù)名詞）氣體三定律不但適用于空氣，也適用于所有氣體。（重復(fù)動(dòng)詞）銅的電阻不像鐵的電阻那樣大。（重復(fù)名詞）Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.物質(zhì)不僅形態(tài)改變而且體積也改變。（重復(fù)動(dòng)詞）連續(xù)資料可以用分?jǐn)?shù)表示，也可以用整數(shù)表示。（重復(fù)動(dòng)詞）3.1 名詞的譯法 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.一個(gè)不同尋常的用途是：這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)使用指紋掃描器監(jiān)視居住人員的進(jìn)出。當(dāng)含有電感的電路突然斷開(kāi)時(shí)，可用電容器消除火花。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the subjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比較結(jié)果表明，誤差是由于名稱(chēng)不同而造成的。

掃描結(jié)果證實(shí)，受試者的大腦處理詞的方式同一種古老的舊觀念不一致。對(duì)放射性同位素的最新研究結(jié)果表明，這種設(shè)想是完全錯(cuò)誤的。Metals differ in the ease with which they give up electrons and enter into chemical combination.Internal-shoe drum brakes provide better protection from water and dust.People on earth are protected from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun by a layer or ozone that spans the planet and absorbs the radiation.各種金屬放出電子和參與化學(xué)反應(yīng)的難易程度不一。內(nèi)蹄式鼓形制動(dòng)器的防水、防塵性能比較好。

地球上的人們受到包圍著地球并能吸收輻射的一層臭氧層的保護(hù)，從而免受危險(xiǎn)的太陽(yáng)紫外線輻射的傷害。

According to the molecular theory the temperature of an object depends on the average speed of its molecules.Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.根據(jù)分子理論的原理，物體的溫度取決于其分子的平均速度。

溫度控制的效果取決于潤(rùn)滑劑的用量、環(huán)境溫度以及外部的冷卻設(shè)施。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth.要特別注意軟管，保證沒(méi)有擦傷。竊取基因不是新鮮事。

電工學(xué)主要關(guān)注的是通過(guò)輸送能量做功的情況。所有動(dòng)植物均需要碳才能生長(zhǎng)。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 The experiment was a success.Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control function in electronic equipment.這個(gè)試驗(yàn)是成功的。

半導(dǎo)體在電子設(shè)備中能起各種各樣的控制作用。3.2 冠詞的譯法 第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight.Being a good insulator, rubber is often used in cables.The patient was administered the mixture twice a week.These machines may be oiled once or twice a month.聚合物是一種高分子的物質(zhì)。這種混合劑病人每周服用兩次。

橡膠是一種良好的絕緣體，所以經(jīng)常使用在電纜上。這些機(jī)器每個(gè)月可以加一次或兩次油。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components.Use a transformer and power at low voltage can be changed into power at high voltage.An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.軸承可以定義為一種專(zhuān)門(mén)用于支撐運(yùn)動(dòng)著的機(jī)器零件的構(gòu)件。靜止的物體沒(méi)有動(dòng)能，因?yàn)樗乃俣葹榱?。使用變壓器可將低壓電轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦邏弘?。?節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 作為固定詞組時(shí)的省譯： on a large scale a majority of a wealth of as a result 結(jié)果，因此 大規(guī)模地 大多數(shù)的 大量的

第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 The machine is intended for grinding the top and bottom surfaces of tungsten carbide tips.The mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback inhibition.該機(jī)床是供磨削硬質(zhì)合金刀片上下表面用的。這種機(jī)制就叫做累加反饋抑制。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.The main effect is to raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency.計(jì)算機(jī)的基本任務(wù)是處理信息。主要作用在于提高基本的晃動(dòng)頻率。第3章 總復(fù)習(xí)題

Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.另一些因素則將影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。飛行正常時(shí)，艙門(mén)與機(jī)身平整貼合。

用人們已知的方法，既不能創(chuàng)造能量也不能消滅能量。

It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他對(duì)電子計(jì)算機(jī)的操作是陌生的。

習(xí)慣上根據(jù)部件的復(fù)雜程度把設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)稱(chēng)為高設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)和低設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)。

此系統(tǒng)的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)之處在于它能移動(dòng)列車(chē)的車(chē)廂而不必將它們脫鉤分開(kāi)。A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set.The flame does not touch the flask directly.這種匯編程序能把匯編碼中的關(guān)鍵字?jǐn)U展成完整的指令集。系統(tǒng)能力計(jì)劃中關(guān)鍵因素是性能的金融成本?；鹧鏇](méi)有直接接觸燒瓶。

The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure.The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.研究固體的強(qiáng)度，就必須研究晶體結(jié)構(gòu)中的缺陷。鐵生銹是鐵元素和氧元素在濕空氣中緩慢化合的現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)安裝一個(gè)補(bǔ)償噴嘴，解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.有機(jī)物的腐爛是空氣中的氧引起的一種緩慢氧化過(guò)程。

為了改善一種電池的性能，愛(ài)迪生花了差不多十年時(shí)間，做了近50000次試驗(yàn)。4.1 代詞的一般譯法 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photo-electric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode.The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves.在這種電池中，照在電池光敏表面光電效應(yīng)而發(fā)射電子，而這些電子被吸引到另一電極。即使老鼠躲藏在一堆葉子下看不見(jiàn)的地方，貓頭鷹也能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)老鼠咀嚼的聲音而飛下來(lái)襲擊它。

This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise.這可以與雜亂的聲波相比，一般的噪音就是由這種雜亂的聲波組成的。

第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge.Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible.將電子與原子分離會(huì)使原子帶上純凈正電荷。每一結(jié)晶的形狀應(yīng)與其他結(jié)晶的形狀盡可能相似。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Every element retains its identity no matter how it is finely divided.Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color.每種元素不論分得怎樣細(xì)小，它仍保持其特征。

天文學(xué)家根據(jù)恒星的顏色可以估計(jì)它的大小和亮度。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction.It is possible to work backward from the known strength and determine what factor of safety was used.Each is a solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by silicate shells.我們能夠由已知的強(qiáng)度反過(guò)來(lái)求出所用的安全系數(shù)。

它們每一顆都是由硅酸鹽外殼包圍著金屬內(nèi)核的固態(tài)球體。

人們已經(jīng)提出了很多方法，未來(lái)可能的選擇之一就是熔融還原法。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 In this chapter our task is to find out what the air is made of.Today we have a fairly clear idea of what goes on inside of atom.Practically all of the heat energy received by the earth comes from the sun.現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)原子內(nèi)部的情況已相當(dāng)清楚了。地球所得到的熱能幾乎都來(lái)自于太陽(yáng)。

在這一章中，我們的任務(wù)是弄清空氣的構(gòu)成成分。4.2 人稱(chēng)代詞的譯法 第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 You can decide what resolution and compression level is best for your output.We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.You can find the density of a body providing you know its mass and volume.We must be very careful to avoid trying to express energy in terms of power units.我們將盡一切努力來(lái)改善電力供應(yīng)。

只要知道物體的質(zhì)量和體積，就可求出物體的密度。你可以決定哪種溶解和壓縮程度對(duì)成品最好。必須注意避免用功率單位表示能量。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 It may require the taking of a large sample as in macro analysis.If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.如果一個(gè)原子有三個(gè)質(zhì)子，這個(gè)原子必然有三個(gè)電子來(lái)使其呈電中性。它可能要求像宏觀分析中那樣采用大的樣本。4.3 形容詞性物主代詞的譯法 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The density of anything is its mass per unit volume.Each substance shows an individual structure of its own.One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability to operate continuously.每一種物質(zhì)都顯示出它自己的獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)。任何物體的密度是它的每單位體積的質(zhì)量。早期激光器的缺點(diǎn)之一是它們不能連續(xù)地工作。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 In their workshop there is no one who understands how a computer uses its tubes.Transistors are more advantageous to vacuum tubes for their being small and light.The transformer cannot be called a machine because of its having no moving parts.晶體管優(yōu)于真空管，因?yàn)樗叽缧?、重量輕。

在他們車(chē)間，無(wú)人能理解計(jì)算機(jī)是怎樣使用其電子管的。變壓器不能稱(chēng)為機(jī)器，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的部件。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 According to their ability to conduct electric current, all materials may be classified into three major categories: conductors, semiconductors and insulators.You shouldn’t have touched the wire with your wet hands.你不該用濕手觸摸導(dǎo)線。

根據(jù)導(dǎo)電的性能不同，所有的材料可分為三大類(lèi)：導(dǎo)體、半導(dǎo)體和絕緣體。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Heating semiconductors means increasing their conductivity.Triangles can be classified according to their angles or the relative lengths of their sides.According to their composition, these raw materials may be separated into three groups.The brain has its managing system.三角形可按照其角度或其相對(duì)邊長(zhǎng)來(lái)分類(lèi)。

根據(jù)這些原材料的構(gòu)成成分，它們可以分為三種類(lèi)型。加熱半導(dǎo)體就會(huì)增加其導(dǎo)電率。大腦有自己的管理系統(tǒng)。4.4 指示代詞的譯法 第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 All atoms, except those of hydrogen, contain one or more neutrons in the nucleus.The speed of the object approaches that of light.The geometry of the test specimens differs from the geometry of those used in tension tests.所用試件的形狀和尺寸與拉伸試驗(yàn)的試件不同。除了氫原子外，所有的原子都有一個(gè)或幾個(gè)中子。該物體的速度接近光速。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 It diffracts the diffracted beam and this means that it generates an inverse transform.Heat is a form of energy and that is known to all of us.They used the transformers of poor quality, and this caused the whole power supply system break down.他們用了一批劣質(zhì)的變壓器，使得整個(gè)供電系統(tǒng)陷于癱瘓。熱是能的一種形式，這是大家都知道的。

它對(duì)衍射光束發(fā)生衍射，這意味著它產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)逆變換。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 This is a simple criterion that guarantees the existence of such a representation.The percentage of such cases among surgical patients can be determined in the following manner.在接受手術(shù)的病人中，這樣的病例所占的百分比可用下述方法確定。這是確保這種等值表達(dá)式存在的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 As a rule solids and liquids expand when heated, water does the same except near its freezing point.The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.按照固體和液體遇熱膨脹的原理，水除了接近其冰點(diǎn)的情況之外也是如此。當(dāng)交流電壓加在電阻上時(shí)，情況也是一樣的。

第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 All motion in this universe is the form of successively rising and falling.Series do have the advantage of increasing resistance to reduce current when this is desirable.串聯(lián)電路的確有這樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：在需要時(shí)可以增加電阻來(lái)減少電流。宇宙內(nèi)的一切運(yùn)動(dòng)，均處在連續(xù)上升和下降的狀態(tài)中。4.5 不定代詞的譯法 第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 All these elements can be used in semiconductor manufacture.All transformers and electric machinery use magnetic material.All the shafts were cut from heavy planks of wood.所有的變壓器和電機(jī)都使用磁性材料。在半導(dǎo)體生產(chǎn)中，所有這些元件都能用上。箭桿都是用厚木板削制而成的。

Almost all who die of AIDS actually die of starvation.All the currents at node were not to add up to zero.Not all the energy from an antenna is radiated in the main beam.Not all people who test positive for the AIDS antibody get the disease AIDS.幾乎所有喪命愛(ài)滋病的患者都是死于饑餓。并非所有節(jié)點(diǎn)上的電流總和為零。天線能量并不都是由主波束輻射的。

并不是所有的愛(ài)滋病抗體試驗(yàn)為陽(yáng)性的人都患有愛(ài)滋病。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 The equipment will compensate for any dimensional variations caused by wheel wear.Any portion of the flight control system may be readily removed in any sequence by the removal of attaching bolts and nuts.Which, if any, of the three statements below are false? 拆卸了原裝的螺釘及螺母，便可很快地按任意順序拆除飛機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的任何部分。該裝置對(duì)砂輪磨損引起的任何尺寸誤差給予補(bǔ)償。下面三種說(shuō)法中如果有錯(cuò)，那么是其中的哪一種？

What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer? There are few, if any, of them know the construction of the transformer.你覺(jué)得進(jìn)口加拿大的天然氣對(duì)美國(guó)的生產(chǎn)者可能產(chǎn)生什么影響嗎？ 他們當(dāng)中幾乎沒(méi)人懂得變壓器的結(jié)構(gòu)。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Both alternatives are presented on the screen.Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and direction.速度是一種矢量，既有大小，又有方向。兩種選擇都在屏幕上顯示出來(lái)了。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Each of the bits has a different optimum cutting speed.There are many types of efficient water pumps, each designed to meet a specific need.Every element, no matter how it is finely divided, retains its identity.效率高的水泵有多種類(lèi)型，每一種都用來(lái)滿足某個(gè)特定的需要。每個(gè)鉆頭都有一個(gè)不同的最佳切割速度。

每種元素不論分得怎樣細(xì)小，仍保持該元素的特征。One half of the medium was renewed every three days.It has an error rate of one or two words in every hundred.Not every minute difference is noted.每三天更換一半溶劑。

誤差率是每百字有一兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

并非每一個(gè)細(xì)微的差別都被注意到了。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 Without electricity neither machine could be stared.I believe either method will do.我看兩種方法中的任何一種都行。沒(méi)有電，這兩臺(tái)機(jī)器都開(kāi)動(dòng)不了。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 Sometimes one finds in fossil stones the imprint of a leaf.The last sound to reach the receiving ship is the one that hits the basement.Neutrinos from a subsidiary decay process are the ones to be detected.傳到接收船上的最后的聲音就是碰到底層的聲音。有時(shí)人們能在化石里發(fā)現(xiàn)一片樹(shù)葉的痕跡。有待探測(cè)的中微子來(lái)自次要的衰變過(guò)程。

Driving machines are always the opposite of driven ones.One of the most successful methods of achieving this depends on the use of fluidization.One of the uses of the triode is that it can amplify.主動(dòng)機(jī)和從動(dòng)機(jī)總是相反的。

達(dá)到這一目的的最成功的方法之一就是采用流化技術(shù)。三極管的用途之一是放大。

Ones who make the decisions on what went into the system are programmers.Ones who claim ECT is both effective and safe, in fact, cannot prove it.There are two 300MW thermal power units in this power plant.One is made in China;the other is imported from Germany.決定要把什么寫(xiě)進(jìn)系統(tǒng)的人是專(zhuān)業(yè)編程人員。

那些宣稱(chēng)電痙攣療法既有效又安全的人，實(shí)際上并無(wú)法證明他們的觀點(diǎn)。

這家電廠有兩臺(tái)30千瓦火力發(fā)電機(jī)組，一臺(tái)是國(guó)產(chǎn)的，另一臺(tái)是從德國(guó)進(jìn)口的。

There are two kinds of electric currents.One is the direct current;the other is the alternating current.電流有兩種，一種是直流電流，另一種是交流電流。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 This chemical is poisonous.Others are poisonous, too.Some parts require a hard, tough metal and others may be made of softer metals.The coolant serves no other purpose than to remove excess heat.Some atomic nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while others do not.冷卻劑除了排除多余的熱以外沒(méi)有任何其他用處。這些化學(xué)制品有毒，別的化學(xué)制品也有毒。

有些零件需要由硬的韌性金屬制成，而有些則可由軟的金屬制成。有的原子核會(huì)同時(shí)裂變，而另外一些卻不會(huì)。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 Another method is available to increase the system capacity.Heat is always being transferred in one way or another, where there is any difference in temperature.凡有溫差的地方，熱都會(huì)以這樣或那樣的方式傳輸。還有另一種可增加系統(tǒng)容量的方法。第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9 Some metals burn more readily than others.To specify a distance, we must use some unit of length.When an object is warmer than the surrounding region, it loses some of its heat by radiation.The particles require some a day to reach the earth.為了確定距離，我們必須使用某種長(zhǎng)度單位。有些金屬比另一些金屬更容易燃燒。

當(dāng)一個(gè)物體比周?chē)h(huán)境熱時(shí)，該物體會(huì)通過(guò)輻射失去它的一些熱量。這些粒子大約需要一天的時(shí)間才能到達(dá)地球。4.6 it及其句型的譯法 第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 It moves or rotates by a fixed amount each time an electrical pulse is applied to it.To help avoid information overload, it(virtual convergence)will do this intelligently.The earth rotates as it travels through space.As current flows through a conductor, it sets up a magnetic field.為了避免信息過(guò)載，它（虛擬連接）將會(huì)智能化地進(jìn)行操作。對(duì)它每加一個(gè)電脈沖，它就移動(dòng)或旋轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)固定的量。地球在空間運(yùn)行時(shí)，它還要自轉(zhuǎn)。電流通過(guò)導(dǎo)體，便產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 It is a $12-billion industry whose factories, numbering in the hundreds, are found all over the world.It is twenty meters in height.那個(gè)行業(yè)資金達(dá)120億美元，工廠有上千家，遍布世界各地。高度為20米。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 It is very far to the airport.It is raining hard.到機(jī)場(chǎng)很遠(yuǎn)。雨下得很大。

第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 It is recommended that the screw be used to increase accuracy of measurement.By using a laser, it is possible to throw very large and very clear television pictures on to a screen.It was pointed out that while the lead obtained from the disintegration of radium possessed all the characteristics of ordinary lead, it differed from it in atomic weight.使用激光器，可以將很大很清晰的電視圖像投射到屏幕上。建議使用螺桿調(diào)節(jié)，以提高測(cè)量的精確度。

前已指出，雖然由鐳蛻變而獲得的鉛具有普通鉛的一切特性，但其原子量與普通鉛不同。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 It necessitates careful design of the apparatus to get rid of the heat.It is unknown when to begin to make transportable transformers.It is interesting to compare the energy needed to place a satellite in orbit with the energy that would be required to cause it to escape.什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始制造移動(dòng)式變壓器還不知道。除熱需要對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行仔細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。

把一顆衛(wèi)星送入軌道所需的能量和使衛(wèi)星脫離地球所需要的能量進(jìn)行比較是很有意思的。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 It used to be thought that when you see a word and speak it, several stages of processing are involved.It must be remembered that the condition may be silent until haematemesis, melaena or perforation occurs.It is known that electronic computers play an important part in science and technology.大家必須記住，在嘔血、黑便，或穿孔發(fā)生之前，該病可能無(wú)癥狀。過(guò)去人們常常認(rèn)為一個(gè)詞從看見(jiàn)到念出來(lái)包括好幾個(gè)處理階段。我們知道，電子計(jì)算機(jī)在科學(xué)和技術(shù)方面起著重要作用。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 It follows that any form of preheat adds to the welder’s difficulties and causes discomfort, particularly when welding at high preheat temperature levels inside vessels.It can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venus is too hot for life as known on earth.It had been calculated that actual error probability for the value was of the order of 0.5 percent.由此可見(jiàn)，任何形式的預(yù)熱都會(huì)增加焊工的困難，使他們身感不適，在容器內(nèi)高溫預(yù)熱下施焊時(shí)尤其如此。

可以斷定，金星表面的溫度過(guò)熱，地球上的生物是不能適應(yīng)的。據(jù)計(jì)算，這個(gè)數(shù)值的實(shí)際誤差概率約為0.5%。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 It makes no difference when inducing an e.m.f., which moves, the coil or the magnet.It is essential that the body of the machine is effectively earthed.在感應(yīng)出電動(dòng)勢(shì)時(shí)，是線圈運(yùn)動(dòng)還是磁鐵運(yùn)動(dòng)，這沒(méi)有區(qū)別。這機(jī)器的機(jī)身必須有效接地，這一點(diǎn)十分重要。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9 The heating effect makes it possible to produce the light.We find it possible to transform a.c.into d.c.by using a rectifier.We think it true that the human body is also a good conductor.熱效應(yīng)使產(chǎn)生光成為可能。

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)能用整流器將交流電變成直流電。

人體也是一種良好的導(dǎo)體，我們認(rèn)為這點(diǎn)是正確的。第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)10 It is the voltmeter which we use to measure the voltage.It is through this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire substation.It was not until I came in that he began to repair the old generator.我們用來(lái)測(cè)量電壓的就是伏特計(jì)。

變電站運(yùn)行人員正是通過(guò)這個(gè)界面控制和監(jiān)視整個(gè)變電站的。直到我進(jìn)來(lái)，他才開(kāi)始修理那臺(tái)老式發(fā)電機(jī)。

It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到19世紀(jì)，熱才被認(rèn)為是能的一種形式。第4章 總復(fù)習(xí)題

The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage.The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm.溫度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。

不論物體的形狀如何復(fù)雜，人們均可求出它的體積。要求輸送的電能越多，就得使電壓升得越高。機(jī)器人最具人性化的特點(diǎn)就是它的機(jī)械臂。

In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei.That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed.那種汽輪機(jī)通常以非常低的速度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

我們研究第一定律時(shí)，可以明白區(qū)分狀態(tài)函數(shù)和路徑函數(shù)的重要性。電子管的第一項(xiàng)工作就是使電子與其原子核分開(kāi)。

Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.The same has happened to the central control system.There’s hardly any room for any impurities in such a microfiber.中心控制系統(tǒng)也發(fā)生過(guò)同樣的事故。

小物體，比如塵粒和水珠，僅僅下落了一小段距離后便失去了其大部分的加速度。在這種微纖維中，雜質(zhì)幾乎沒(méi)有存在的可能。

His instances were Lennard and Stark, both of them were Nobel laureates but later became fervent followers of Hitler.The primacy function of a regulator is to supply constant pressure to each device.The best use of these equations is in checking the theoretical analyses using the other approaches.他舉出勒納德及史塔克為例子。這兩個(gè)人都得過(guò)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，但后來(lái)卻成了狂熱的希特勒信徒。這些方程式最大的用處是可對(duì)采用了其他方法的理論分析進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。調(diào)節(jié)器的基本功能是給每個(gè)裝置提供穩(wěn)定的電壓。

It is desirable to characterize electrical noise as accurately as possible.It is known that local weather can be affected within a few days by meteorological conditions thousands of miles away from here.需要盡可能準(zhǔn)確地表征電噪音。

我們知道，當(dāng)?shù)氐奶鞖庠趲滋靸?nèi)會(huì)受到幾千英里以外地區(qū)氣象狀況的影響。5.1 數(shù)詞的譯法 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Liquid bromine boils at 58°C at which temperature it changes into a reddish-brown gas.Move to the next operation after the voltage reaches 150V.Tests have shown that the energy saving can rise about 40 percent.液態(tài)溴在58攝氏度時(shí)沸騰，在這個(gè)溫度它變成紅褐色的氣體。等電壓到了150伏時(shí)，進(jìn)行下一個(gè)操作。試驗(yàn)證明，能量節(jié)約可增加40%左右。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Of many thousands spare parts does not come up to the standard but one.A lot of counties have set up power stations, chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories.The periodic table contains more than one hundred chemical elements belonging to eight families.在幾千個(gè)備件中，只有一個(gè)不合格。

許多縣已建立了發(fā)電站、化肥廠以及許多別的工廠。元素周期表由屬于8個(gè)族的100多個(gè)化學(xué)元素組成。These materials become quite soft and flexible below 150°C.An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1% reduces that calorific value by some 1.7%.Nearly 25 neurotransmitters have been found so far.這些材料在150攝氏度以下變得十分柔軟、易于彎曲。煤的含氧量每增加1%，其熱值就下降約1.7%。迄今為止，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約25種神經(jīng)傳遞素。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 With the result of automation, productivity has increased by 5 times in that factory.The sales of industrial electronic products have increased to six times.The output of the machine tools has multiplied four times.The current has increased by a factor of three.由于自動(dòng)化的結(jié)果，那個(gè)工廠的生產(chǎn)率提高到5倍。工業(yè)電子產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)售額增加了5倍。機(jī)床產(chǎn)量增加了3倍。電流增加了2倍。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 This type of furnace uses 4 times more electricity than that type does.This rod is 4 times longer than that one.The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.這種爐的耗電量是那種爐耗電量的4倍。這根桿比那根長(zhǎng)3倍。

氧原子的原子量幾乎是氫原子量的16倍。

The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen.In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction.氦原子量比氫原子量重3倍。

滾動(dòng)軸承的啟動(dòng)摩擦大概是轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)摩擦的2倍。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times.The operation of cost decreased by five times.The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four.The pipe is four times lighter than that one.新型電容器的引線縮短了5/6。成本運(yùn)行降至1/5。

這根管子重量是那根的1/4。電損減少了3/4。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 Weld strength can be increased by 45 percent.Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by 30 percent.The loss of energy has been reduced to less than 10 percent.焊接強(qiáng)度可增加45%。

試驗(yàn)證明，能量消耗可減低30%。能量損耗可減至不足10%。

Its grain output was 18 percent higher than that in 1998.The steel output is 30 percent higher than that of last year.其糧食產(chǎn)量比1998年高出18%。鋼產(chǎn)比去年增加了30%。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 Ten to one, the experiment is unlikely to produce good results.These figures show that the improvement of molecular refraction is within a factor of ten.十有八九，這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)不可能得出好的結(jié)果。

這些數(shù)字表明分子折射度的改進(jìn)值為一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)。5.2 形容詞的譯法 第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Suitable treatment shall be given as soon as possible to avoid hydrogen embrittlement.Complex computer systems are prone to software hitches.The parts must be very strong so that they may not break in use.This kind of steel becomes very hard and very brittle when hardened.盡快予以適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?，以免氫蝕脆化。復(fù)雜的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)容易出現(xiàn)軟件故障。零件必須十分堅(jiān)固，才不會(huì)在使用中破損。這種鋼淬火后就變得很硬很脆。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Hydrogen is about one-fourteenth as dense as air.Helium is a very light gas, only twice as heavy as hydrogen.Ice floats because it is not as dense as water.氫的密度大約是空氣密度的1/14。

氦氣是一種很輕的氣體，重量?jī)H為氫氣的2倍。冰浮起是因?yàn)樗拿芏缺人拿芏刃　５?節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 In the thermosciences area, the mechanical engineer is concerned with thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.This in a large measure is responsible for the high accuracy obtainable from such systems.The transmission ratio is dependent upon the ratio of the number of teeth of the meshing gear wheels.在熱學(xué)領(lǐng)域，機(jī)械工程師關(guān)心的是熱力學(xué)、流體力學(xué)和傳熱學(xué)。在很大程度上，這是從這類(lèi)系統(tǒng)中獲得高精度的原因。傳動(dòng)比取決于兩個(gè)嚙合齒輪的齒數(shù)比。

Once the engine is underway, these auxiliaries are turned off.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一旦啟動(dòng)，這些輔助設(shè)備就關(guān)閉了。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Recent discoveries have been made concerning the peculiar properties of certain semiconductors.Research and development is of particular importance to aerospace industry.In copper and most pure metals there is an appreciable increase in resistance with an increase in temperature.最近，對(duì)于某些半導(dǎo)體的奇怪特性有一些發(fā)現(xiàn)。研究和發(fā)展對(duì)航空航天工業(yè)非常重要。

在銅和大部分純金屬中，隨著溫度的升高，電阻也會(huì)明顯增大。

One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability of continuous operation.These metal ions interfere with electron flow and cause a great decrease in electron motion.Lubricating oils are used to ensure the smooth running of the machine.早期激光器的缺點(diǎn)之一是它不能連續(xù)工作。

這些金屬離子阻礙電子流動(dòng)，引起電子運(yùn)動(dòng)大幅減弱。使用潤(rùn)滑油是為了確保機(jī)器正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 The most common application for bearing is the support of a rotating shaft that is transmitting power from one location to another.The World Wide Web is a unique medium for communication and for publishing.軸承最常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用是支撐旋轉(zhuǎn)軸將功率從一處傳至另一處。萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的通訊和出版媒體。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 A practical means of transferring geothermal energy is to convert it to electric power.An electron, if moving, produces a magnetic field.將地?zé)崮苻D(zhuǎn)變成電能是輸送這種能量的一種切實(shí)可行的辦法。電子如果運(yùn)動(dòng)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 Needle bearings have a high load capacity.Considerable effort must be expended to ensure consistent blast volume, humidity and temperature.滾針軸承的承載能力大。

還要在確保風(fēng)量、濕度和溫度穩(wěn)定方面做出相當(dāng)大的努力。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate.We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.We hope everything ready for the operation.Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for most island waters and coastal areas.齒輪的齒必須具備足夠的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度。我們將盡一切努力來(lái)改善電力供應(yīng)。我們希望一切在開(kāi)工之前就緒。

科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種適合大多數(shù)島嶼的近海和沿海地區(qū)的測(cè)量方法。Coal is a kind of fuel suitable for power generation.The only transformer available is produced in Shanghai.煤是一種適合發(fā)電的燃料。

唯一可用的變壓器是上海產(chǎn)的。

第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9 The resistance of the load is too high for the amplifier.For this reason the switching signal should be no steeper or larger than necessary.The capacity to store water in their leaves is typical of desert plant.He is quite familiar with state function.負(fù)載的電阻對(duì)于放大器來(lái)說(shuō)太高。

因此激勵(lì)信號(hào)的斜率及寬度不應(yīng)超過(guò)所要求的數(shù)值。在葉子中儲(chǔ)存水的能力是沙漠植物的特性。他非常熟悉狀態(tài)函數(shù)。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Deserted soils are sparsely covered with shrubs and grass.The relationships used are briefly outlined.荒漠上稀疏地覆蓋著灌木叢和雜草。這些用到了的關(guān)系已簡(jiǎn)要地概括出來(lái)了。5.3 副詞的譯法 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 The resulting flux is confined essentially to the ring.Actually, and metal or alloy can be cast by precision casting.Normally the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.所產(chǎn)生的磁通基本上被限制在環(huán)內(nèi)。

實(shí)際上，任何金屬或合金都可以進(jìn)行精密鑄造。

在正常情況下，原子的整個(gè)質(zhì)量都集中在原子核里。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Admittedly, the term temporal coherence seems to imply an effect which is exclusively temporal.The most important advantages of rolling bearings over sliding bearings is the most complete elimination of friction.不可否認(rèn)，時(shí)間相干性這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)似乎意味著一種只屬于時(shí)間的效應(yīng)。滾動(dòng)軸承優(yōu)于滑動(dòng)軸承的最重要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于幾乎完全消除了摩擦。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 We are certain that neutrons act differently from protons.To detect gases, a sample of air can be analyzed chemically.Slopes orientated differently receive direct solar radiation in different amounts.我們確信中子的作用和質(zhì)子的是不同的。

為了檢測(cè)各種氣體，可以對(duì)空氣試樣進(jìn)行化學(xué)分析。朝向不相同的山坡，直接接收到的太陽(yáng)輻射量是不同的。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 The salts should be heated electrically, if possible.The methods of controlling pests chemically often have undesirable side effects;for this reason it is likely that the methods of controlling biologically will be applied increasingly in the future.Evaporation takes place only at the surface of a liquid;boiling takes place throughout the liquid.如果可能的話，這些鹽應(yīng)該用電來(lái)加熱。

用化學(xué)品控制害蟲(chóng)的方法常有不良的副作用，因此將來(lái)會(huì)越來(lái)越多地采用生物學(xué)方法。蒸發(fā)只是發(fā)生在液體表面，沸騰發(fā)生在液體各處。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 The CPU also controls the flow of data to and from the peripheral devices.It is also possible to check the temperature distribution at the top of the burden, although the burden at the top of the furnace is not evenly distributed.There is also an increased excretion of nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and sodium chloride(salt).CPU還控制著流向和來(lái)自外部設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)流。

盡管爐頂爐料的分布方式是不均勻的，但爐頂爐料的溫度分布也還是可以檢測(cè)的。推拿還促進(jìn)氮、無(wú)機(jī)磷和氯化鈉（鹽）的排放。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 A relatively small explosion would be enough to send a ship off at a very fast rate.When the core of this cloud became dense enough, gravity triggered the collapse of its inner layers.Satellites---some large enough to be planets in their own right---either formed along with the giants or were captured later.一次較小的爆炸就足以將飛船以極快的速度發(fā)射出去。

當(dāng)這個(gè)分子團(tuán)的核心變得十分稠密時(shí)，重力引起分子團(tuán)的內(nèi)層崩潰。

至于衛(wèi)星，有些大的足以稱(chēng)得上行星，它們或是與這些巨大的行星同時(shí)形成，或是后來(lái)被獵獲的。

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 The watt is a small unit of power, so we use the kilowatt instead.Instead of working with the space variable for electric field intensity we can work directly with voltage.瓦特是一個(gè)很小的功率單位，因此我們就改用千瓦代之。我們可以直接用電壓來(lái)代替電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度這個(gè)空間變量。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9 The experimental result was just the opposite of what I had expected.The introduction of laser into industry has only just begun.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與我預(yù)料的剛好相反。激光用于工業(yè)還僅僅剛開(kāi)始。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)10 Never lay tools or workpieces on the ways of a lathe.Man has never made a machine that, of itself, will continue in a state of uniform motion.Up to now, atomic energy has never been used for aircraft propulsion.絕不要把工具或工件放在車(chē)床的導(dǎo)軌上。

人類(lèi)從未制成過(guò)一臺(tái)能自行永久保持勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的機(jī)器。到目前為止，原子能從來(lái)沒(méi)有被用于飛機(jī)的推進(jìn)。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)11 An electric current is only a shifting of electricity.What we call mass is only another manifestation of energy.Only when an object moves, is work done.電流僅僅是電的移動(dòng)。

我們所說(shuō)的質(zhì)量只是能的另一種表現(xiàn)形式。物體只有移動(dòng)時(shí)才做功。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)12 Gravity keeps the satellite in orbit.Otherwise, it would drift off into space.His inspection of the transmission lines revealed some possible faults that might otherwise have been overlooked.引力使衛(wèi)星保持在軌道上，否則衛(wèi)星就會(huì)偏離而進(jìn)入太空。

他對(duì)輸電線路進(jìn)行檢查，查出了一些故障，否則這些潛在的故障就會(huì)被忽視。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)13 In a mathematical sense the impulse response is a rather sophisticated concept.Process depends on identifying radio stars with some kind of object emitting visible light---but radio astronomers can give their optical colleagues only rather imprecise directions as to where to look.The operation of our generating unit was no better but rather worse.從數(shù)學(xué)意義上講，沖量反應(yīng)是個(gè)相當(dāng)微妙的概念。

進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)展取決于能否確定射電星是一種能發(fā)射可見(jiàn)光的天體，然而射電天文學(xué)家只能給光學(xué)天文學(xué)家提供很不精確的觀測(cè)方向。我們機(jī)組運(yùn)行的情況沒(méi)有見(jiàn)好，相反更糟了。

The temperature did not go up, as one had expected, but rather went down.They are encouraged in designing a turbine rather than repairing it.In deciding where an airplane actually is in the sky, we believe our eyes rather than our ears.溫度沒(méi)有像人們預(yù)料的那樣上升，反而下降了。他們從事渦輪機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)工作，而不是修理渦輪機(jī)。

要判斷飛機(jī)在空中的確切位置，我們與其相信自己的耳朵不如相信自己的眼睛。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)14 Just as the feed-water supply system can be controlled, so the coal handling equipment can also be computer-controlled.It is for this reason that so much care has to be given to the burden preparation by sintering and by the blending of fluxes and coke.So many devices have utilized these processes.正如給水系統(tǒng)可由計(jì)算機(jī)控制那樣，輸煤設(shè)備也可以這樣做。

正因?yàn)槿绱?，必須通過(guò)優(yōu)良燒結(jié)以及助熔劑和焦炭來(lái)精心準(zhǔn)備高爐的爐料。如此之多的裝置現(xiàn)已采用了這些工藝。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)15 Attention is given to the transformer, too.Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in.Such particles are far too tiny to be seen with the strongest microscope.Hardened steel is too hard and too brittle for many tools.同時(shí)也注意變壓器。

太多的女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵離子含量。

這種粒子太小，即使用最高倍的顯微鏡也看不見(jiàn)。硬化鋼太硬、太脆，對(duì)許多工具的制作都不適宜。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)16 Many natural phenomena yet remain to be investigated.The cause of this wear have not yet been established.If the temperature is high, the resistance of a wire becomes yet greater.尚有許多自然現(xiàn)象有待研究。這種磨損的原因尚未查明。

如果溫度升高，導(dǎo)線的電阻會(huì)更大。

This could turn out to be our biggest mistake yet.This is the biggest underground lake yet discovered.這是我們到目前為止所犯的最大錯(cuò)誤。這是迄今已發(fā)現(xiàn)的最大的底下湖。5.4 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的譯法 第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The roads in our power plant are with a new kind of material, the strength of which is as great as that of concrete.Metals do not change their form as easily as plastic bodies do.我們電廠的道路是一種新材料鋪設(shè)的，這種新材料的強(qiáng)度與水泥的強(qiáng)度一樣高。金屬不像塑料物體那樣容易變形。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 This material can withstand higher stresses under repeated loading.Given a higher capital cost for electric buses, the cash grant payable would be higher for a conventional vehicle.If one has an attitude of respect for the equipment, the end product will be more satisfactory.這種材料在交變載荷下可以承受較高的應(yīng)力。

即使電瓶巴士投資成本高于傳統(tǒng)車(chē)輛，傳統(tǒng)車(chē)輛應(yīng)支付的現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼也會(huì)更高。如果人們對(duì)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備持尊重態(tài)度，那么其生產(chǎn)出的成品也會(huì)更加令人滿意。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 The right genetic material, weight for weight, can be more valuable than precious metals and jewels.Three of the giant planets radiate more heat back into space than they absorb from the sun.恰當(dāng)?shù)倪z傳物質(zhì)，就其重要性來(lái)說(shuō)，要比貴金屬和珠寶更有價(jià)值。

巨大的外層行星中有三顆射向太空的熱量超過(guò)它們從太陽(yáng)那里吸收的能量。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Even quite small amounts of some impurities can make copper a much poorer conductor of electricity.Aluminum and copper are far more corrosion-resistant than ordinary steel.甚至很少量的雜質(zhì)都可能會(huì)使銅成為性能差得多的導(dǎo)電體。鋁和銅的抗腐蝕能力比普通鋼高得多。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 Nuclear energy is being used more and more widely.More and more nuclear power stations are built up.核能用得越來(lái)越廣泛了。建設(shè)了越來(lái)越多的核電站。第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 The greater the bearing load, the shorter will be the life of the bearing in revolutions.The farther out the line of the momentum extends, the greater the angular momentum.The greater the cross-sectional area, the greater the strength will be.軸承的載荷越大，其以轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)為單位的壽命就越短。動(dòng)量作用線伸展得越遠(yuǎn)，角動(dòng)量就越大。截面越大，強(qiáng)度越大。

5.5 形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)的譯法 第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1: Polyacetylene is the simplest possible conjugated polymer.Pain is the most prominent symptom of surgical disease.聚乙炔可能是最簡(jiǎn)單的共軛聚合物。疼痛是外科疾病最突出的癥狀。第5章 總復(fù)習(xí)題

This seems to indicate that further research would be necessary.An a.c.motor is similar in construction to a d.c.motor.Natural environment can be easily ruined by inappropriate exploration.Negative charges are moving counterclockwise.這似乎表明進(jìn)一步研究的必要性。交流電動(dòng)機(jī)與直流電動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)相似。開(kāi)發(fā)不當(dāng)容易毀壞自然資源。負(fù)電荷按逆時(shí)針?lè)较蛄鲃?dòng)。

The average value of voltage can be measured point by point.The problem of materials is eased by the lower boiling point.As a result, although there is minimal friction present, a lubricant is still absolutely essential.Removal procedure for left-hand and right-hand cyclic cylinders is essentially the same.因此，雖然有很小的摩擦，但潤(rùn)滑劑仍舊是非常必要的。電壓的平均值可以逐點(diǎn)測(cè)量。

由于沸點(diǎn)較低，材料問(wèn)題容易解決。

左右兩邊循環(huán)氣缸的拆卸步驟基本上相同。

Substantially, anthecyanin, the pigment that turns leaves---and apples---red, is produced by sugars that remain after the nutrients are choked off.Massage will affect muscles throughout the body.In this test the major part is backed off electrically.It is also good for shock and impact loads.The term minimum life is also used to mean rating life.在此項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，主要部分被電補(bǔ)償。

本質(zhì)上，使樹(shù)葉和蘋(píng)果變紅的色素——花色素苷是營(yíng)養(yǎng)去除后剩余的糖分產(chǎn)生的。它還適用于振動(dòng)和沖擊載荷。

推拿將會(huì)對(duì)全身的肌肉組織產(chǎn)生影響。最小壽命這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)也指額定壽命。

Usually, a 2cm adjustment of the machine is enough to bring the pressure back to normal.Statistics is a rather modern branch of mathematics.Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy in working with ideas than had previously been possible.Less than a quarter of the energy of a human engine is converted into mechanical energy.Hydrogen is the lightest gas, its density being 0.0894 g/l.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是一門(mén)相當(dāng)新的數(shù)學(xué)分支。

人體發(fā)出的不到1/4的能量轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能。

計(jì)算機(jī)處理意念時(shí)所提供方法的速度和精確度都超過(guò)了以往所能達(dá)到的水平。氫是最輕的氣體，其密度為0.0894克/升。

通常，把機(jī)器調(diào)整2厘米就足以使壓力恢復(fù)正常。6.1 介詞的一般譯法 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 In general, man serves as the source of infection while animals act as such only occasionally.An industrial robot shares many attributes in common with a numerical control machine tool.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，人可作為感染源，而動(dòng)物只是偶然如此。工業(yè)用機(jī)器人與數(shù)控機(jī)床有許多共同的特性。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 With non-changeover control both the boiler plant and the chiller plant operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year.The online service delivers substantially more value to our global audience of e-business professionals in the chemical, plastics and allied industries.This device can mimic photosynthesis to produce usable energy from sunlight.采用非轉(zhuǎn)換控制，鍋爐設(shè)備和制冷裝置都在運(yùn)行，全年可同時(shí)供暖和制冷。

該網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)主要向全球從事化學(xué)、塑料及相關(guān)工業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)電子商務(wù)用戶提供更有價(jià)值的服務(wù)。

這種裝置能夠模擬光合作用，利用陽(yáng)光產(chǎn)生可用的能源。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 The longitudinal axis of the turbine generator is perpendicular to the axis of the steam generator.In the right conditions, membranes are self-assembling.Winding of the spring induces residual stresses through bending.汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的縱軸與鍋爐軸線垂直。當(dāng)條件適宜時(shí)，細(xì)胞膜會(huì)自行聚集。卷繞彈簧時(shí)因?yàn)閺澢鹆藲堄鄳?yīng)力。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 If leakage occurs around output shaft, replace seal and packing.So they give off a stronger signal to sensitive radiation detectors mounted over the subject’s head.如輸出軸周?chē)┯?，?yīng)更換密封件及填料。

因而它向安裝在受試者頭部上方的靈敏的輻射探測(cè)器發(fā)出的信號(hào)比較強(qiáng)。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 It is customary to use electromagnets rather than permanent magnets for the field.This flat screen technology eliminates curvature on the screen surface.All the charge on a conductor lies on its surface.通常磁場(chǎng)用的都是電磁鐵而不是永久磁鐵。這種純平面技術(shù)可以消除屏幕表面的彎曲。導(dǎo)體的全部電荷都在其表面。6.2 介詞短語(yǔ)的譯法 第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 For ease of assembly and removal of the wheels, the outer races are press-fitted in the wheel hubs.With the length much greater than its width, the coil is called solenoid.With only about half as many moving parts as a conventional engine, a Wankel is only half the size and weight, and almost completely vibrationless.為了便于車(chē)輪安裝和拆卸，把外套圈壓入配合到輪轂里。如果長(zhǎng)度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了寬度，這種線圈就稱(chēng)為螺線管。由于其運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)件數(shù)幾乎僅為一般發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的一半，汪克爾發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)只有一般發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的一半大、一半重，而且?guī)缀跬耆珱](méi)有振動(dòng)。

Without an electric field applied, a dielectric atom is symmetrical.Despite changes in the load, the voltage applied to it remains fairly constant.For more information on the improvements we’ve made, scroll down to New Features & Functionality.如果沒(méi)有外加電場(chǎng)，電介質(zhì)原子是對(duì)稱(chēng)的。

不管負(fù)載如何變化，加在負(fù)載上的電壓都仍然相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定。

要想對(duì)我們的改進(jìn)有更多的了解，請(qǐng)往下看“新特點(diǎn)與新功能”。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Singularity functions do not occur in physical systems.A fair amount of theoretical and experimental work has been devoted at this agency to a better understanding of non-stationary aerodynmics.物理系統(tǒng)不存在奇異函數(shù)。

該機(jī)構(gòu)為更好地了解非定常氣體動(dòng)力學(xué)作了大量的理論研究和試驗(yàn)工作。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Animals are always losing carbon by respiration as against plants always gaining carbon.The most effective method of reducing friction is to use rolling friction instead of sliding friction.動(dòng)物通過(guò)呼吸排除碳，而植物卻吸收碳。

減少摩擦力的最有效的方法是采用滾動(dòng)摩擦，而不是采用滑動(dòng)摩擦。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 The shape of the electron spectrum in beta decay is not dominated by properties of the matrix element.Pressure in a liquid is at right angles to the walls of container.β衰變的電子譜的形狀不取決于矩陣元的性質(zhì)。液體的壓力與容器壁垂直。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 Hysteresis energy is a useful basis for the establishment of failure criteria in fatigue.Physical chemistry applies the methods of physics to the study of chemical systems.在建立疲勞破壞準(zhǔn)則時(shí)，遲滯能量是一個(gè)有用的依據(jù)。物理化學(xué)是應(yīng)用物理學(xué)的方法研究化學(xué)體系。6.3 常用介詞的譯法 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Little information is given about the origin of life.A basic change in thinking about force and mass is required.Fluoride damage is generally restricted to areas about manufacturing plants.The vacuum was created about the exit.關(guān)于生命起源方面的資料極少。

對(duì)于力和質(zhì)量的看法需要做根本的改變。氟化物的危害一般僅限于制造廠附近。在出口附近產(chǎn)生真空。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 All of its circuit elements are bonded together after being manufactured.Line reams new bushings after installation.After all logic events have been completed, the automatic control unit initiates the machine after the instruction.將所有的電路元件在制成之后都連結(jié)在一起。安裝后對(duì)新軸套絞同心孔。

在所有的邏輯事件完成之后，自動(dòng)控制器按照指令再次啟動(dòng)該機(jī)器。Those machines are made after the model.After all its changeable forms, energy can never be destroyed.那些機(jī)器是按該模型制成的。

盡管能的形式是可以改變的，但絕不會(huì)消失。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Working instruments are verified for calibration against reference instruments.The current in a transmitting antenna when plotted against time is usually a sine wave.The process was against any basic laws of physics.Force is necessary to drive an electric current against a resistance.工業(yè)用的儀表要根據(jù)基準(zhǔn)儀表來(lái)校驗(yàn)其刻度。

將發(fā)射天線中的電流相對(duì)于時(shí)間來(lái)描述出來(lái)，常是一正弦波。該過(guò)程違背了物理學(xué)的基本原理。驅(qū)動(dòng)電流克服電阻需要有電動(dòng)勢(shì)。

One of the chief uses of zinc is to protect the surface of iron against rust.Lightening rods are used to protect electrical devices against lightening.It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and undervoltage.The advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm have to be weighted against each other in the light of the particular application.鋅的主要用途之一是防止鐵表面生銹。避雷針用來(lái)保護(hù)電器設(shè)備不受雷擊。必須保護(hù)感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，防止過(guò)載及欠壓。

每一種算法都必須根據(jù)具體應(yīng)用相互對(duì)比才能權(quán)衡其優(yōu)劣。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 The second phase of the restoration project will be to lay down a stabilization ring around the tower’s foundation.The separating force on the mill was calculated to be around 10 million 1b.The arch dam is economical in narrow canyons where the top chord length is around two to three times the height of the dam.修復(fù)工程的第二階段是在塔基周?chē)ㄔ煲画h(huán)形穩(wěn)固基。此軋機(jī)的軋制力量估計(jì)大約一千萬(wàn)磅左右。截面越大，強(qiáng)度越大。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 Each observation could be weighted inversely as the distance or as the square root of the frequency.If the electric lines are parallel to the earth, the wave is referred to as horizontally polarized.每次觀測(cè)可以倒過(guò)來(lái)加權(quán)，作為距離或頻率的平方根。如果電力線與地面平行，其電波就稱(chēng)為水平極化電波。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 At the beginning of its operation, this turbine is only about 50 percent efficient.It is usual to provide a flowmeter at the column outlet.A small hole is provided at the lock ring groove to facilitate removal of the lock ring.在開(kāi)始運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，這臺(tái)渦輪機(jī)的效率只有50%。在柱子出口處常常要安裝一個(gè)流量器。

為使鎖定環(huán)拆卸方便，可在其溝槽內(nèi)開(kāi)一小孔。The shunt motor operates nearly at constant speed.Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.并勵(lì)電動(dòng)機(jī)差不多恒速運(yùn)行。

育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是鐵流失重要原因之一。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 And offshore drilling is made possible by using huge quantities of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen to provide a livable atmosphere deep under water.Every metal possesses certain properties, or characteristics or qualities which we can find by experiment.All materials are deformed to some extent by the application of an external force.用大量的氮?dú)夂脱鯕庑纬稍谏钏心軌蛏畹沫h(huán)境，才有可能進(jìn)行海底石油鉆探。每一種金屬都具有某些性能，或特性、性質(zhì)，而這些我們可以通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)出來(lái)。所有材料多少都會(huì)由于外力而變形。（練習(xí)8用法）Nd

By the Law of Universal Gravitation, all bodies attract each other.By this theory we can explain the phenomenon for which the old view of matter did not account.按照萬(wàn)有引力定律，一切物體都相互吸引。

根據(jù)這一學(xué)說(shuō)，我們就能解釋舊的物質(zhì)觀沒(méi)有說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 The machine tool is directly driven by the main drive motor.The pituitary gland is constituted by two lobes.The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy, or energy of motion.The production capacity has greatly increased by the development of the control of manufacturing processes by computers.機(jī)床由主電機(jī)直接啟動(dòng)。

物體由于運(yùn)動(dòng)而獲得的能量稱(chēng)為動(dòng)能，或稱(chēng)為運(yùn)動(dòng)能量。由于采用了計(jì)算機(jī)控制制造過(guò)程，因而生產(chǎn)能力大大提高。垂腺體由兩個(gè)葉組成。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9 We may not have eliminated cigarette smoking completely by the end of this century.The faculty line must be repaired by the time of the summer harvest.The current in an inductor lags the voltage by 90° or, what is the same thing, the voltage leads the current by 90 °.The experts calculate that this will straighten up the tower by several centimeters.到本世紀(jì)末我們或許還不能完全消除吸煙現(xiàn)象。夏收之前，故障線路必須修好。

根據(jù)專(zhuān)家們的計(jì)算，這將使斜塔取直幾厘米。電感器中的電流落后于電壓90°，或者說(shuō)，電壓超前于電流90 °。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)10 By hPa we mean an international standardized pressure unit.By conductivity we mean the ability to conduct an electric current.所謂百帕，是國(guó)際上通用的表示氣壓的單位。所謂導(dǎo)電率，是指?jìng)鲗?dǎo)電流的能力。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)11 The electric drive system is made detachable for ease of transportation and installation.CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals were first mass-produced in the 1950s for use as refrigerants, industrial solvents, cleaning fluids and agents in making foam products.These data are the basis for important decisions.They will build two power plants here, which can meet the demands for power supply.為了便于運(yùn)輸和安裝，電力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)做成可拆式。

20世紀(jì)50年代，氟里昂和其他消耗臭氧的化工產(chǎn)品首次批量生產(chǎn)，它們主要用作制冷劑、工業(yè)溶劑、清洗液以及制造泡沫產(chǎn)品的制劑。這些數(shù)據(jù)上做出重要決策的依據(jù)。

他們將在這里建兩座電廠，這樣便可以滿足對(duì)電力的需求。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)12 The temperature was too high for the boiler to withstand.A visual inspection must be done carefully for the materials, especially for those to be used in fabrication of pressure vessels.For this reason, be very careful when you take antibiotics.The first passengers came to ground, none the worse for their experience, 3,000 meters from their standing point.溫度提高，致使鍋爐承受不了。

必須對(duì)材料仔細(xì)進(jìn)行外觀檢查，對(duì)制造壓力容器所用材料尤需如此。由于這個(gè)原因，當(dāng)你用抗生素時(shí)務(wù)必非常小心。

第一批乘客在離出發(fā)點(diǎn)3000米處著陸，并沒(méi)有因這一 遭遇而發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)13 Make water do duty for alcohol as a solvent.They succeeded in substituting a synthetic rubber for the natural rubber.Electricity compensates for barometric pressure as well as system pressure variations.用水代替酒精當(dāng)溶劑用。

他們?cè)谟煤铣上鹉z代替天然橡膠方面取得了成功。用電補(bǔ)償大氣壓力和系統(tǒng)壓力的變化。Nd

The disease raged through the city for months.The mixture was cured at room temperature for 8-14 days.這種疾病在這座城市猖獗了幾個(gè)月。混合物在室溫下需熟化8-14天。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)14 For all their great stableness under ordinary circumstances, insulating materials may change radically in characteristics under extreme conditions of voltage stress or temperature or under the action of certain chemicals.For all its invisible shield, the ozone layer can be measured in a number of ways.For all our advice, he insists on carrying out ignition experiment.盡管在正常的情形下絕緣材料的性能很穩(wěn)定，但在極端情況下，比如電壓過(guò)高、高溫或在某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)作用下，絕緣材料的性能會(huì)遭到完全破壞。

盡管臭氧層是一種不可見(jiàn)的保護(hù)層，但還是有多種測(cè)量它的方法。盡管我們勸阻他，他仍然堅(jiān)持要進(jìn)行點(diǎn)火實(shí)驗(yàn)。Nd 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)15 This reduces the resistance to current flowing from the wire through the rubber to copper strips below the tubes.A user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear, associative way.From the information in this table, we can easily compute an estimate of the value of the mean of this grouped data.Having no compass, he got his bearings from the sun.軸承的載荷越大，其以轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)為單位的壽命就越短。動(dòng)量作用線伸展得越遠(yuǎn)，角動(dòng)量就越大。截面越大，強(qiáng)度越大。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)16 Fabricate a shield from 12cm aluminum alloy to the dimensions shown on Figure 11.The electronic device is made from semiconductor.Dead time is the time a worker losses from lack of materials or equipment breakdown.A similar error arises from neglect of multiple causes.按圖11所示，用12厘米厚的鋁合金制造防護(hù)罩。這只電子器件是用半導(dǎo)體做的。

無(wú)效時(shí)間是指工人因無(wú)原料或設(shè)備故障而失去的時(shí)間。類(lèi)似的錯(cuò)誤可能由于忽視了多種原因而產(chǎn)生。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)17 The hardened washer shall be prevented from turning during locknut tightening.Washers shall be from burrs and sharp edges.The triggering circuit is immune from noise.The mixture are distinct from compounds.Data is often distinguished from information and from programs.當(dāng)自鎖螺母擰緊時(shí)應(yīng)防止淬火墊圈轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。這個(gè)觸發(fā)電路不受雜音影響?；旌衔锊煌诨衔?。墊圈不應(yīng)帶有毛刺和尖角。數(shù)據(jù)通常有別于信息和程序。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)18 Highly poisonous insecticides should be kept from ordinary insecticides.Electrolysis is the liberation of free elements from a liquid by passing an electric current through it.Place these parts in a plastic bag, and keep separate from other bearing assemblies.劇毒農(nóng)藥和普通農(nóng)藥要嚴(yán)格分開(kāi)置放。

電解就是讓電流通過(guò)液體，從而使游離元素從液體中分離出來(lái)的過(guò)程。將這些零件裝進(jìn)塑料袋中，和其他軸承部件分開(kāi)置放。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)19 Canadian scientists looked for ozone thinning in the Arctic.31 In Canada, governments are also starting programs to recycle and recover CFCs.The uses of industrial gases in our high-tech world are numerous and varied.加拿大科學(xué)家在北極區(qū)尋找臭氧層變薄的跡象。

在加拿大，政府正在開(kāi)展工作回收和循環(huán)使用氟里昂。

在我們這個(gè)技術(shù)高度發(fā)達(dá)的社會(huì)中工業(yè)氣體的用途是多種多樣的。Nd

The hummingbird has the highest metabolic rate per unit of body weight in the avian world.Although in recent years the liquid state has been the subject of intense study, the several books treat mainly the physics of this state.In the 1970s, the focus of designing hardware was the creation of circuitry.在鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)世界中，單位體重的新陳代謝以蜂鳥(niǎo)為最高。

雖然近年來(lái)液態(tài)已成為努力研究的課題，但是這些書(shū)主要是談?wù)撘簯B(tài)的物理特征。在20世紀(jì)70年代，硬件設(shè)計(jì)的焦點(diǎn)是生成電路。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)20 The decision to repair is not easy, especially in borderline cases.All molecules are in constant motion.In the study of lubrication and journal bearings, additional fundamental knowledge must be utilized.In order to prevent any damage or injury to human eyes in training, a laser energy attenuator may be mounted on the laser exit window.做出返修的決定不是容易的，在可修可不修的情況下尤其如此。在研究潤(rùn)滑和滑動(dòng)軸承時(shí)，尚需用到另外的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。

在訓(xùn)練時(shí)，為防止誤傷人眼，可在激光輸出窗口上裝上激光能量衰減器。一切分子都處在永恒的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)之中。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)21 The electric power which is consumed in an electric circuit is measured in watts or kilowatts.Energy and work are both measured in joules.Power, being the amount of work done per second, is measured in watts(joules/sec).電路中消耗的電力是以瓦或千瓦計(jì)量的。

能和功都用焦耳計(jì)量。功率是每秒鐘所做的功，所以用瓦特（焦耳/秒）計(jì)量。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)22 Objects sink down into fluids until the upthrust equals the weight of the object.If a permanent magnets is plunged into the coil the meter registers a momentary current.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.物體沉入流體，直到向上的推力與物體的重量相等。如果把永久磁鐵插入線圈，電表會(huì)記錄到一次瞬間電流。只是在最近，天文學(xué)家才開(kāi)始對(duì)黑洞進(jìn)行具體的研究。Nd

Physics gives us power to adventure into the unknown.Heat transforms ice into water and water into steam.The process converts iron and steel scraps into metal powder.物理學(xué)給予我們探索未知世界的能力。

熱使冰變成水，使水變成蒸汽。此法可把鋼鐵切屑變成金屬粉末。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)23 Considerable literature has grown up relating to experimental confirmation of elastohydrodynamic theory.The successful launching of space rockets has added much to man’s knowledge of the upper strata of the atmosphere.The processor is in over-all control of the system.關(guān)于彈性流體動(dòng)力潤(rùn)滑理論的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，已涌現(xiàn)出大量文獻(xiàn)。宇宙火箭發(fā)射的成功大大增加了人類(lèi)對(duì)大氣上層的知識(shí)。處理器對(duì)系統(tǒng)實(shí)施全面控制。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)24 These compounds are of the same family of organic materials.All the types of memory we have discussed are of “random access”.It might be thought that these two effects would be of the same order of magnitude.Today of the four only Earth is known to be tectonically active.這些化合物屬于同族有機(jī)物。

上述的各類(lèi)儲(chǔ)存期都屬于“隨機(jī)存取”類(lèi)型。

人們可能會(huì)以為這兩個(gè)效力的大小屬于同一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)。

今天，在這四顆行星中，據(jù)人們所知只有地球的地殼構(gòu)造仍在活動(dòng)。Nd

Of all forms of energy electricity is the most important.在所有形式的能量中，電能是最重要的。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)25 A magnetic system is made of wrought iron arranged as in Fig.8-16.Flat belts are usually made of either oak-tanned leather or a fabric, such as cotton or rayon, which has been impregnated with rubber.The motor consists of two parts, the stator and the rotor.磁系統(tǒng)是由熟鐵制成，如圖8-16所示。

平型帶通常用橡樹(shù)皮鞣革或浸漬過(guò)橡膠的棉織品或人造纖維織品制成。電動(dòng)機(jī)由定子和轉(zhuǎn)子兩部分構(gòu)成。Nd

Each stage requires a different set of tools and sometimes requires different equipment and skills.每一步都要求有一套不同的工具，有時(shí)還要求有不同的設(shè)備和技術(shù)。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)26 This chart may be plotted on semilog paper or on log-log paper.Apply a small amount of the adhesive liquid on the face of the gasket.Final composition of the Theater List is normally decided by the surgeon on the day prior to operation.On freezing, water does not contract, but instead it expands.此曲線圖可繪于半對(duì)數(shù)圖紙或?qū)?shù)圖紙上。在密封墊表面上涂少許粘著劑。

接受手術(shù)人員的最后名單一般由外科大夫在手術(shù)前一天做出決定。

水結(jié)冰時(shí)，并不收縮，而是膨脹。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)27 Further research on this subject may suggest ways in which earthquakes can be predicted and prevented.A good example of the local effects of pollution on weather is the increase in rainfall found in regions adjacent to a large paper mill.The design of structures and drainage systems are not based on these adverse site conditions.在這方面作進(jìn)一步研究也許能提供預(yù)報(bào)和預(yù)防地震的方法。

污染對(duì)天氣有局部影響，一個(gè)很好的實(shí)例就是在大型造紙廠附近地區(qū)降雨量有所增加。工廠的建筑物和排水系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有根據(jù)這些不利的廠址條件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。

Relationships between voltages and currents in a circuit have been established on the experiments.On Bohr atomic theory and wave amplification theory, laser has been developed by scientists.電路中電壓與電流的關(guān)系已根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定。

根據(jù)玻爾的原子理論以及波的放大理論，科學(xué)家們研制了激光。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)28 It relies heavily on digital processing.On these observations, a hypothesis may be formulated.The motor is on the operation.He developed pneumonia caused by blood clots in the lungs after traveling to Asia on an economy-class ticket.這在很大程度上要依靠數(shù)字處理。電動(dòng)機(jī)在運(yùn)行。

他在一次乘經(jīng)濟(jì)艙飛往亞洲之后，由于肺里產(chǎn)生血塊而得了肺炎。通過(guò)這些觀察，可以作出一個(gè)假設(shè)。Nd

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)29 The prereduced or raw fine ore is injected into the smelting reduction furnace through the upper tuyeres.Gases readily diffuse through porous solids.The radiation could penetrate through layers of different materials.經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)還原的礦粉或者原始的礦粉都是通過(guò)上部的風(fēng)口送入熔融還原爐的。氣體很容易通過(guò)多孔固體滲出。該輻射可以穿透多層不同的材料。

Through the combustion of the fuel, chemical energy is converted into heat energy.The range and variety of work that can be done on a lathe are greatly increased through the use of various work-holding attachments.Atomic energy has arrived in time to save civilization from dying through lack of power.Silicon, chiefly through its better temperature characteristics, quickly replaced germanium in the power diode.通過(guò)使用各種工件夾具，可大大擴(kuò)大車(chē)床所進(jìn)行的作業(yè)范圍和種類(lèi)。由于硅有較好的溫度特性，在功率二極管中，硅很快取代了鍺。通過(guò)燃料的燃燒，化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮堋?/p>

原子能已及時(shí)出現(xiàn)，從而拯救文明使其免于因能源短缺而滅亡。

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)30 Magmas in transit to the surface will further supplement this heat.The makeup water pipeline conveys the makeup water from the makeup water intake structure to the cooling tower basin.A fresh cutter can be loaded to the spindle in a similar manner.向地表移動(dòng)的巖漿進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)償這種熱量。

補(bǔ)給水管道把補(bǔ)給水從取水建筑物輸送到冷卻塔水池。用同樣的方法可將新刀具裝在主軸上。

The function of the computer is not limited to providing support in solving mathematical problems.The system is restricted to examining the surface only.Needed is a method of timing accurate to millionths of a second.Cultivation can be mechanized to the largest degree.該系統(tǒng)僅限于檢驗(yàn)金屬表面。耕作可在最大程度上實(shí)行機(jī)械化。

計(jì)算機(jī)的作用不能只限于幫助解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題上。

需要有一種精確度達(dá)到幾百萬(wàn)分之一秒的計(jì)時(shí)方法。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)31 Computers have as yet contributed little to pure mathematical theory.Air pressure is inversely proportional to altitude.Thus, Fig.5 is similar to Fig.4b insofar as the same recombination and filters have been applied to both.An electric motor is similar to a generator in construction.迄今為止，計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)純數(shù)學(xué)理論的貢獻(xiàn)不大。氣壓與高度成反比。

電動(dòng)機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)在結(jié)構(gòu)上類(lèi)似。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)32 Water enters the cylinder and fills the space under the piston.When a vehicle passes over a road, its weight is transmitted through the wheel on to the pavement under it.But how can bouncing sound waves help oceanographers to see the sea floor and the mud, soil, and rocks under it? 水進(jìn)入泵筒，并注滿活塞下面的空間。

當(dāng)一輛車(chē)駛過(guò)馬路時(shí)，其重量通過(guò)車(chē)輪傳至車(chē)下的路面上。

而反射波怎樣幫助海洋學(xué)家去考察海底以及下面的泥、土和巖石呢？

Under certain conditions, heat energy may be changed into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy(may be changed)into heat energy.There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.Water vapor in the air breaks down under the intense heat.在力的作用下，一切材料無(wú)不變形。

在一定條件下，熱能可以轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能，機(jī)械能也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成熱能。空氣中的水蒸氣在高溫下發(fā)生分解。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)33 Under some trade terms, the buyer might undertake to clear the goods for export in the seller’s

country.The books are categorized under the Dewey Decimal System.The agreement for the trade and cooperation is still under a draft.Lianyungang Nuclear Power Station is still under construction.根據(jù)某些貿(mào)易條款規(guī)定，買(mǎi)方須負(fù)責(zé)在賣(mài)方所在國(guó)的出口清關(guān)。這些圖書(shū)是按照杜威十進(jìn)制編目的。貿(mào)易合作的協(xié)定仍在草擬中。連云港核電站仍在建設(shè)中。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)34 It has no connection with the automatic positioning facilities.Oxygen is a gas that can unite with many substances.The resistance usually varies with temperature.它與自動(dòng)定位裝置沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

氧是一種能與許多物質(zhì)化合的氣體。電阻常常隨溫度變化。

With the invention of the transistor, electronics entered a new phase.With the advance of science and technology, some scientific problems become less complicated than they were thought.隨著晶體管的發(fā)明，電子技術(shù)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的階段。

隨著科技進(jìn)步，有些科學(xué)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有原先認(rèn)為的那么復(fù)雜了。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)35 The machining center is provided with an automatic tool changer.Bricks are also produced in many different colors and with various finishes.Most of the machining we do in a machine shop is done with cutting tools.Unix marketers have looked with some envy at these applications.加工中心備有自動(dòng)換刀裝置。

磚也可以燒成不同的顏色，具有不同的光潔度。

我們?cè)跈C(jī)械加工車(chē)間所做的大部分機(jī)加工是用刀具來(lái)進(jìn)行的?！癠NIX”的銷(xiāo)售者以很大的熱情關(guān)注著這些應(yīng)用程序。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)36 With the advent of modern methods of communication the whole world has been transformed into a single mechanism.The machines may get heated with overload.Computers perform particular operations with the information they are given.由于近代通信方法的出現(xiàn)，整個(gè)世界已轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)統(tǒng)一的機(jī)體。機(jī)器可因過(guò)載而發(fā)熱。

計(jì)算機(jī)根據(jù)所收到的信息進(jìn)行特定的運(yùn)算。

Assemble bearing inner and outer races with serial numbers indexed.An interrupt is allowed to occur in accordance with specified priorities.根據(jù)特定的優(yōu)先權(quán)允許發(fā)生中斷。根據(jù)序號(hào)組裝軸承內(nèi)外座圈。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)37 With its many advantages, wood is not without its drawbacks as a fuel.With its complex structure, it is liable to install.36 With no discovery, many laws of nature actually exist in nature.With slight repair, the old type of engine can be used.盡管木材有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但作為燃料仍有缺陷。雖然結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，但容易安裝。

許多自然規(guī)律雖然尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)，但它們確實(shí)存在于自然界之中。只要稍加修理，這臺(tái)老式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就可使用。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)38 Petrol is a mixture of the lower-boiling hydrocarbons, with boiling temperatures ranging from 100°C to 400°C.Never operate the engine with the water temperature in the radiator exceeding 100°C.The field-effect transistor consists of a single crystal of doped semiconductor material in the shape of a bar with leads connected to both ends.在散熱器中的水溫超過(guò)100°C的情況下決不要開(kāi)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。

場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管是一個(gè)棒狀的摻雜半導(dǎo)體材料的單晶，兩端連有引出線。汽油是低沸點(diǎn)的碳?xì)浠衔锘旌象w，其沸點(diǎn)范圍在100°C to 400°C之間。With the cause of the fault removed at once, the generator kept working.One kind of switch is inside a metal box called a switch box, with a handle on the outside.The pressure of a gas varies inversely as its volume, with temperature constant.With the switch open, there is no current flowing in the load.有一種開(kāi)關(guān)是放在一個(gè)稱(chēng)作開(kāi)關(guān)箱的金屬箱內(nèi)，而柄留在外面。由于即使排除了故障，發(fā)電機(jī)繼續(xù)工作。溫度不變時(shí)，氣體壓強(qiáng)和體積成反比。打開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)，沒(méi)有電流通過(guò)負(fù)載。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)39 Magnetic induction can take place without contact between the magnet and the iron.Without dust, there would be no clouds and no rain.Thin plates are joined by melting their edges together without the addition of filling metal.磁鐵和鐵塊相互不接觸便可發(fā)生磁感應(yīng)。若沒(méi)有灰塵，就不會(huì)形成云和雨。

薄鋼板是靠熔化其邊緣而焊接在一起的，不需要填料金屬。A body cannot be moved without having a force act upon it.He finished the stress experiment without difficulty.他輕松地完成了這個(gè)應(yīng)力實(shí)驗(yàn)。

若沒(méi)有力作用于物體上，物體就不能移動(dòng)。第6章 總復(fù)習(xí)題

The conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in contact with air.There is a brighter future for intelligent devices in the home.The scientists found that the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Once upon a time, bold claims were made about computers, the future and the “paperless office”.聚乙炔一接觸空氣，其導(dǎo)電性就迅速下降。家庭智能裝置仍有著更加光明的前景。（省譯）科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)腿內(nèi)的血管不會(huì)腫脹。

曾幾何時(shí)，有人就有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)、未來(lái)和“無(wú)紙化辦公”做過(guò)大膽的預(yù)測(cè)。The doctor advised against the use of the new treatment.37 If a good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth, then a so-called deep foundation must be provided.Magnetic lines of force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by what they do.磁力線是看不見(jiàn)的，但是我們按照它們的作用即知它們的存在。醫(yī)生建議不要使用新的治療方法。

若在合理的深度內(nèi)找不到堅(jiān)實(shí)的地基層，那就要采用所謂的深基礎(chǔ)。We may process directly with Kirchoff’s voltage law for the circuit.The proper values of a and b are determined from two conditions.Optional communications are free from electromagnetic interference.This type of discrepancy could have resulted from differences in kinetics.a和b的值由兩個(gè)條件決定。

對(duì)于電路，我們可直接從克希荷夫電壓定律講起。光電通信不受電磁的干擾。

這種差異可能是由動(dòng)力的不同而造成的。

The visual image of the letters making up the word is converted into its spoken equivalent.Primitive man made weapons, tools, and utensils of copper, brass, and bronze.The longer wavelengths of radio signals pass through the atmosphere relatively undisturbed.將組成詞的各字母的視覺(jué)形象轉(zhuǎn)換成該詞對(duì)應(yīng)的發(fā)音。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，波長(zhǎng)較長(zhǎng)的射電訊號(hào)通過(guò)大氣時(shí)沒(méi)有受到干擾。原始人類(lèi)用銅、黃銅和青銅制作成各種武器、工具和器皿。

Most hardness-testing systems employ a standard load which is applied to a ball or pyramid in contact with the material to be tested.All metals are corrodible under the proper circumstances.The design of the rocket nozzle also has much to do with the behavior of the exhaust and the resulting velocity of the vehicle itself.多數(shù)的硬度實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)使用一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)載荷加在與實(shí)驗(yàn)金屬相接觸的小球或棱錐上。所有金屬在一定情況下都是可腐蝕的。

火箭噴管的設(shè)計(jì)與排氣的性能及飛行器本身的有效速度有很大關(guān)系。

Peripheral milling operations are usually performed on milling machines with the spindle positioned horizontally;however, they can also be performed with end mills on vertical-spindle machines.Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current only after silver.From various experiments we cannot but think the theory still holds good.周銑作業(yè)通常在帶有水平定位主軸的銑床上進(jìn)行，但也可以在帶有端面銑刀的主軸銑床上進(jìn)行。

銅和鋁是僅次于銀的最好的導(dǎo)電體。

根據(jù)各種實(shí)驗(yàn)，我們不得不承認(rèn)這個(gè)理論依然是行之有效的。Hydrogen is generated from zinc and sulfuric acid.The sort of fish cannot live in the temperate zone, let alone in the frigid zone.The locomotive developed some new problems on its line-test.Gases can be chemisorbed or physically absorbed on solids.氫由鋅和硫酸所產(chǎn)生。

這種魚(yú)不適合在溫帶生活，更不必說(shuō)在寒帶了。這臺(tái)機(jī)車(chē)在試運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)了一些新問(wèn)題。

氣體能化學(xué)吸附或物理吸附在固體上。

Under ideal conditions the fatigue failure will consist of a spotting of the load-carrying surfaces.Oxidation implies the combination of other elements with oxygen to form compounds.在理想條件下，疲勞失效將是承載表面的點(diǎn)蝕。氧化意味著其他元素與氧形成化合物。7.1 連詞的一般譯法 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Carbon steel contains only iron and carbon, while alloy steel contains some other alloying metals.Because this current continually reverses in direction, it is called an alternating current.Liquid and vapor phases cannot coexist in equilibrium.碳鋼只含有鐵和碳，而合金鋼含有一些別的合金金屬。由于這種電流不斷地改變方向，故稱(chēng)為交流電。液相和氣相不能在平衡中并存。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 Some companies replace certain parts regularly, determining the effective life of a part and then replacing it just before it would wear out.The cost of making these tests is very low when it is divided by the total number of parts manufactured.一些公司定期更換某些零部件，先推定零部件的有效壽命，以便在零部件即將磨損之前予以更換。

如果以生產(chǎn)零件的總數(shù)來(lái)劃分，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的成本會(huì)非常低。Why use metal when you can use plastic? A brief description of how transistors are manufactured is given here.That is why surfactants are so widely used in industry.既然能用塑料為什么你卻使用金屬呢？ 這里對(duì)晶體管的是生產(chǎn)方法作一簡(jiǎn)略敘述。這就是在工業(yè)上廣泛使用表面活性劑的原因。第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Sometimes it is necessary to drill to a depth of 1,000 meters or more, before water is found in sufficient quantity.It is stated that the positioning system has an accuracy of repeatability within 0.0002 inch.When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle they are reflected.有時(shí)必須鉆到1000米或更深的深度，才能找到足夠量的水。據(jù)稱(chēng)，該定位系統(tǒng)的重復(fù)精度在0.0002英寸。短波發(fā)送出去，遇到障礙就反射回來(lái)。7.2 常用并列連詞的譯法 第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 Computers cope with negative numbers and fractions in binary arithmetic.Oxygen is chemically active and takes part in many reactions.計(jì)算機(jī)采用二進(jìn)制算法來(lái)處理負(fù)數(shù)與小數(shù)。氧的化學(xué)性能活潑，能參與許多反應(yīng)。（省譯）

Modern electronic computers and other devices will be made smaller by the development of LSI.Some electrical engineers design and maintain power plants, transmission lines and home and factory electrical installations.39 大規(guī)模的集成電路的發(fā)展將使現(xiàn)代化電子計(jì)算機(jī)以及其他裝置越來(lái)越小。

有些電氣工程師設(shè)計(jì)和保養(yǎng)發(fā)電廠、輸電線、以及各種家用和工業(yè)用電器設(shè)備。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 The induced electromotive force lags and the current leads.Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)滯后，而電流導(dǎo)前。同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。（省譯）

Transformers are commonly used in radio receivers and electrical communication circuits, and they are generally much smaller than those for power transmission.Analyzing the dynamics of the way a person signs his or her name, and not just how the signature looks, is one basis of a biometric verifier.變壓器通常用于無(wú)線電收音機(jī)和電信電路中，可是這些變壓器一般比用于輸電的變壓器小得多。

分析一個(gè)人簽名時(shí)書(shū)法的筆力，而不只是分析簽名的字形如何，這是生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)核實(shí)器的一個(gè)基本點(diǎn)。

第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 It is important to know that different types of control circuits may be used in one control system, and a completed control loop may consist of a combination of electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic elements.重要的是要知道，在一個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)中可使用不同類(lèi)型的控制電路，而且一個(gè)完整的控制回路可由電力、氣動(dòng)或液壓配合組成。

The synchronous motor is even more expensive and requires a source of d.c.excitation, as well as special synchronizing control to apply the d.c.power at the correct instant.Telephone communication is now widespread and efficient.The machine is old and heavy.同步電動(dòng)機(jī)則更貴，而且需要直接勵(lì)磁電源和專(zhuān)門(mén)的同步控制器以便在適當(dāng)?shù)乃查g接入直流電源。

現(xiàn)在的電話通訊既廣泛又有效。這臺(tái)機(jī)器又舊又笨重。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 We have to replace some of its parts and make this machine more efficient.To make the balloon descend, the “pilot” opened a valve and allowed some of the gas escape.我們必須調(diào)換某些零件，以使這臺(tái)機(jī)器效率更高。

為使氣球降落，“飛行員”打開(kāi)閥門(mén)，以使部分氣體逸出。

Change one or more steps and we will improve the quality of the finished products.Use a transformer and we can transform power at low voltage into power at high voltage and vice versa.若改變一個(gè)或幾個(gè)步驟，我們就有可能提高成品的質(zhì)量。

用了變壓器，我們就可以把低電壓變?yōu)楦唠妷?，也可把高電壓變?yōu)榈碗妷骸５?節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 Uncap openings in indicators and connect lines.Install aluminum washers nest to pump, steel washers next, and install nuts.Lead lacks tensile strength and it cannot be drawn out in the form of fine wire.取下儀表開(kāi)口處的蓋子，再接上管路。

鉛的張力差，因此不能制成細(xì)絲狀。

緊貼泵處安上鋁墊片，然后加鋼墊片，再安上螺栓。

For LP turbine there is no residual axial thrust caused from blading because of the turbine’s double-flow arrangement of blading and thus no balancing piston is needed.至于低壓汽輪機(jī)，并沒(méi)有殘存的軸力，因?yàn)槠啓C(jī)的葉柵作雙流配置，因而也無(wú)需采用平衡輪。

第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 The plan is very complicated technically, but the general idea is quite simple.Now the electrons which have been driven onto the negative plate are trying to get back to the positive plate, but cannot do so because of the e.m.f which is applied to the plates.這一計(jì)劃在技術(shù)上十分復(fù)雜，但總的想法卻相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單。

現(xiàn)在已被趕到負(fù)極上的電子力圖返回正極，可是由于極板上施加有電動(dòng)勢(shì)的緣故而辦不到。There are already a number of modern vehicles which are not yet in common use, but which may become a usual means of transport in the future.現(xiàn)在已有一些現(xiàn)代化的運(yùn)載工具，它們目前尚未被普遍使用，但將來(lái)可能成為一種日常的交通工具。

第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 But that he prevented me, I might have kept the machine parts in the damp place.But that the checking up of the experimental data had taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.若不是他阻止，我可能就會(huì)把那些機(jī)器零件保存在潮濕的地方。假若檢驗(yàn)這些實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)不花那么多時(shí)間，我們?cè)缇屯瓿闪诉@項(xiàng)工作。But for air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.But for the laws of motion as a basis, thousands of discoveries and inventions would have been out of the question.要是沒(méi)有空氣，地球溫度就會(huì)發(fā)生劇變。

如果沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)定律作為基礎(chǔ)，就不可能有成千上萬(wàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 The positive and negative ions become separated or dissociated.No electric charges have been observed of smaller magnitude than the charge of protons or electrons.Foods quick-frozen in liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide have transformed the way we eat.正負(fù)離子彼此分解或電離。

還沒(méi)有觀察到比質(zhì)子或電子的電量更小的電荷。

用液態(tài)氮或二氧化碳速凍的食物已改變了我們的飲食習(xí)慣。

We will start with a cubic inch of hydrogen at atmosphere pressure(or the air pressure at the earth’s surface).Scientists have shown that certain chemicals are slowly eroding the ozone layer.The main culprits are chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs.Fire is a chemical action, or an action taking place between different chemical substances.我們從大氣壓力（即地球表面的空氣壓力）下的一立方英寸氫氣開(kāi)始。

科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)證明，某些化工產(chǎn)品會(huì)慢慢破壞臭氧層。主要誘因就是氯氟甲烷，即氟里昂。火是一種化學(xué)反應(yīng)，也就是發(fā)生在不同化學(xué)物質(zhì)間的一種作用。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9

Right or wrong, his theory is the most influential.All methods, simple or complicated, are employed in the tension-test.You have to open the switch right away or else the fuse will be burned off.無(wú)論對(duì)錯(cuò)，他的理論無(wú)疑是最有影響力的。

在拉伸試驗(yàn)中，所有方法不論簡(jiǎn)單還是復(fù)雜，都用過(guò)了。你必須把開(kāi)關(guān)立即斷開(kāi)，否則保險(xiǎn)絲就會(huì)燒斷。A body must move, or no work is done.These old transformers have been used for ten or twenty years.The newly-installed generating set will be put in operation a month or so.物體必須移動(dòng)，否則就沒(méi)有做功。

這些舊變壓器已經(jīng)使用大約一二十年了。新機(jī)組再有一個(gè)月左右就投入運(yùn)行。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)10 The central computer’s job is to run through the maps in its database as well as details on road works, weather, etc.Boiling point elevations, as well as the variation of the heat capacities and latent heats with temperature, are negligible.中心計(jì)算機(jī)的任務(wù)是查閱儲(chǔ)存在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的地圖以及修路工程、天氣等詳細(xì)情況。沸點(diǎn)升高以及熱容和潛熱隨溫度的變化而忽略不計(jì)。

He discovered that he could send the sound of music as well as the dot-and-dash sounds of Morse Code through the coil.The physics students study chemistry as well as physics.他發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅能使線圈傳送莫爾斯電碼的點(diǎn)劃音，而且也能是線圈傳送音樂(lè)。（倒譯法）物理系學(xué)生不僅學(xué)物理，而且要學(xué)化學(xué)。（倒譯）

Experimental data can be used to illustrate the application techniques as well as to demonstrate the validity of the approach.In order to get various vitamins a person should eat a diet including vegetables as well as meat.實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)既能用來(lái)說(shuō)明應(yīng)用技術(shù)，也能用來(lái)驗(yàn)證方法的有效性。（順譯）為了攝取多種維生素，一個(gè)人既應(yīng)該吃些素食，也該吃葷食。（順譯）第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)11 When light strikes an opaque object, the light is either absorbed or reflected.The oxygen contained in the rocket is either in the liquid or in the solid form.When astronomers look at the sky, they expect to see either a star or a galaxy.當(dāng)光照在不透明的物體上時(shí)，光或是被吸引或是被反射。火箭內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存的氧或是液態(tài)的，或是固態(tài)的。

每次天文學(xué)家觀測(cè)天空，他們期望看到的不外乎是一個(gè)恒星或一個(gè)星系。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)12 There are materials which are neither good conductors nor good insulators.It is neither possible nor practical to make many parts to an exact size.Neither glass nor porcelain is a conductor.有些材料既非良好的導(dǎo)體也非良好的絕緣體。

要使許多零件加工尺寸絲毫不差，既不可能，也不切實(shí)際。玻璃和陶瓷都不是導(dǎo)體。第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)13

Not only does air exert pressure, but it also has buoyancy.This method not only simplifies analysis but also facilitates measurements.空氣不僅產(chǎn)生壓力，而且有浮力。

這種方法不僅簡(jiǎn)化了分析，而且也便于測(cè)量。7.3 常用主從連接詞的譯法 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 The loop oscillator frequency can be the same as, or a multiple of , the reference frequency.Because a d.c.motor is the same physical machine as a d.c.generator, its equivalent circuit is exactly the same as that of a generator except for the direction of current flow.環(huán)路振蕩器可以和參考頻率相同，也可以是參考頻率的倍數(shù)。由于直流電機(jī)與直流發(fā)電機(jī)的物理結(jié)構(gòu)是一樣的，其等效電路除了電流方向外也與直流發(fā)電機(jī)相同。

R2, as is shown in Fig.3, has been split in halves to enable the feedback to be applied.Under certain conditions a body can be charged, as has been said before.如圖3所示，R2被分為兩半，使得反饋能夠加上去。在一定的條件下，物體能夠帶電，這在前面已經(jīng)講到。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 As current is increased, the flux builds up according to Curve 2.As you are doing the experiment, write down the observations.當(dāng)電流增大，磁通沿著曲線2增大。

在你做實(shí)驗(yàn)的同時(shí)，把觀察到的情況記錄下來(lái)。

As the 21st century approaches, complicated digital technologies and the promise of exploding bandwidth are combining to create a third kind of convergence.As particle has no extent, its position is a point.As water is a compound, it can be decomposed.As the current was trebled abruptly, the second valve burnt out.隨著21世紀(jì)的來(lái)臨，復(fù)雜的數(shù)字技術(shù)與帶寬不斷擴(kuò)大的前景相結(jié)合將會(huì)創(chuàng)造出第三種意義的“連通”。

由于質(zhì)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有廣度，它的位置是一個(gè)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樗腔衔铮钥梢苑纸狻?/p>

由于電流突然增加了兩倍，第二個(gè)電子管燒壞了。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3 Gravity, the force of the earth’s attraction, governs the atmosphere just as it governs solid objects.Some waves are reflected as a mirror reflects light.The large force is to the small force as the large area is to the small area.引力，即地球的吸引力，正像它影響著固體那樣影響著大氣。大的力與小的力之比就像大面積與小面積之比。有些波被反射，就像鏡子反射光一樣。

Electron tubes are not so light in weight as semiconductor devices.The tools are machined to tolerances as close as 0.0001 inch.Modern computers can store the facts as fast as they are gathered and pour them out whenever they are needed.電子管的重量不如半導(dǎo)體器件那么輕。

現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)能盡快地將收集到的資料儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，并在需要時(shí)輸送出去。

工具加工的誤差接近0.0001英寸。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4 Complicated as modern machine is, it is essentially a combination of simple machines.The various losses in a machine, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the Law of Conservative of Energy.Very large as the nuclear energy supply in the interior of the star is, it is nevertheless finite.現(xiàn)代化機(jī)器雖然復(fù)雜，但實(shí)質(zhì)上不過(guò)是許多簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械的組合。雖然恒星內(nèi)部的核能儲(chǔ)量很大，但仍是有限的。

機(jī)器中的各種損耗盡管很大，但這與能量守恒定律絲毫也不矛盾。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5 Each of the two wires carrying currents has a magnetic field, as if it were a magnet.Water also presses on the inside of the container as though it is trying to escape.通電的兩根導(dǎo)線每一根都有一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)，好像是一塊磁鐵。水對(duì)容器的內(nèi)壁也產(chǎn)生壓力，似乎水力圖要流出來(lái)一樣。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)6 So long as we have means of producing heat can we keep a steam engine working.It is capable of keeping its shape as long as the planet keeps spinning.只要設(shè)法產(chǎn)生熱，就能使蒸汽機(jī)做功。

只要恒星連續(xù)不斷地旋轉(zhuǎn)，它就能保持自己的形狀。

As far as processing power is concerned, the difference between a PC and a mainframe is closing fast.As far as the quality of transformers is concerned, the ones they produced are better.就處理能力而言，PC機(jī)和大型機(jī)之間的差異正在迅速縮小。就變壓器的質(zhì)量而言，他們生產(chǎn)的變壓器更好。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)7 As soon as printing quality levels can be maintained and the effective life of the machine increased, a preventive maintenance program is effective.As soon as the electrons are transformed and ions formed, they are charged.The electrons create a magnetic field as soon as they begin to move.一旦印刷質(zhì)量得以保證并且機(jī)器有效使用期得以延長(zhǎng)，經(jīng)常性維修保養(yǎng)計(jì)劃才是行之有效的。

一旦電子轉(zhuǎn)移，形成離子，它們就帶電了。電子一開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)，就產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)8 Before you join one electric wire with another, make sure the current has been switched off.The leaves separate before the metallic board is touched.Further study is needed before the origin of the covalent bond can be considered a settle question.在你把一根電線和另一根電線連接起來(lái)之前，務(wù)必先切斷電源。在接觸金屬板以前簧片分開(kāi)。

需進(jìn)一步深入研究，才能解決共價(jià)鍵的起源問(wèn)題。

The direction of the current was decided before electrons were discovered.She switched on the engine before we could stop her.電流方向確定了，電子才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

我們還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止她，她就開(kāi)動(dòng)了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。

第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)9 Even if one of the engines fails the plane will be able to continue its flight safely.It has undergone a chemical change since, even if cooled, it will not return to its original condition.The lathe can turn holes even if it is not a driller.即使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中有一臺(tái)失靈，飛機(jī)仍能安全地繼續(xù)飛行。車(chē)床盡管不是鉆床，也能鉆孔。

從那時(shí)起它已發(fā)生化學(xué)變化，即使加以冷卻，它也不會(huì)恢復(fù)原樣。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)10 If a.c.power is available, all drives requiring constant speed should use squirrel-cage induction or synchronous motors because of their ruggedness and lower cost.If the parting contacts are made of low-melting-point material such as brass or copper, the arc will go out at the first current zero as the voltage is insufficient to reestablish as cathode spot after current reversal.因?yàn)槭蠡\式感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)或同步電動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)久耐用且成本低，若有交流電源可用，所有需要恒速驅(qū)動(dòng)的裝置應(yīng)使用這兩種電機(jī)。如果分段的觸點(diǎn)采用低熔點(diǎn)金屬（如黃銅、銅）等制作，則電弧會(huì)在第一個(gè)電流過(guò)零點(diǎn)熄滅，因?yàn)樵陔娏鳂O性變化后，沒(méi)有足夠的電壓再次產(chǎn)生陰極輝光放電。

People might have avoided many accidents if ultrasonic methods had been known.If a d.c.system were to be used, the transmission loss would be very great.If there were no air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.The question is if there are other chief sources of organic materials in addition to coal and petroleum.要是過(guò)去知道超聲波法，人們當(dāng)時(shí)是可以避免許多事故的。如果沒(méi)有空氣，地球溫度就會(huì)發(fā)生劇變。若采用直流電力網(wǎng)，輸電損失就會(huì)很大。

問(wèn)題是除了煤和石油之外是否還有別的有機(jī)物主要來(lái)源。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)11 The current flows through a conductor in case there is a difference of potential between the ends of the conductor.Ordinary movements would be impossible in case friction were unavailable.如果導(dǎo)體兩端有不同電位時(shí)，電流就可以通過(guò)導(dǎo)體流動(dòng)。假如沒(méi)有摩擦力，常見(jiàn)的活動(dòng)都不可能進(jìn)行。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)12 Once formed, the depletion region acts against further diffusion.Once the melting point is reached, the temperature will not increase any further until the melting is completed.Once an object is in motion, it will continue to move.耗盡區(qū)一旦形成，便會(huì)阻礙進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散。

一旦達(dá)到熔點(diǎn)，溫度就不再升高，直到完全熔化。物體一旦處于運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)，就會(huì)繼續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)下去。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)13 The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided its temperature is kept constant.45 The blast-furnace is expected to remain the world’s chief source of iron units steelmaking, provided adequate supplies of suitable coking coal remain available at competitive cost.如果溫度保持不變，則氣體壓力和其體積成反比。

只要有足夠的焦煤且成本低，高爐仍將是世界上主要的煉鐵設(shè)備。

All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, in the event that the potential difference is high enough.The magnetic effect does not represent a continuous expenditure of energy, supposing that the current is steady.倘若電位差足夠高時(shí)，所有的物質(zhì)都將可能通過(guò)若干電流。假如電流穩(wěn)定的話，磁效應(yīng)不再繼續(xù)消耗能量。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)14 Since that time, especially since the introduction of the Bessemer process, the age of iron has turned into an age of steel.Electricity has found wide application since it was discovered.自從那時(shí)起，特別是自從采用貝西默煉鋼法以來(lái)，煉鐵時(shí)代轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊掍摃r(shí)代。自從發(fā)現(xiàn)電以后，電就獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用。

Since planetesimals aggregated at different distances from the sun’s heat and light, the composition of the planets varies.Since the secondary winding is normally operated into a high-impedance circuit, the secondary current is quite small.由于微星聚集的地點(diǎn)離太陽(yáng)的熱和光遠(yuǎn)近不同，行星的組成也不同。因?yàn)榇渭?jí)繞組通常被輸入高阻抗的電路，所以次級(jí)電流很小。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)15 Large accumulations of plant remains indicate that the deposits were formed in close proximity to land in a swamp, estuary, or delta.One condition for this is that the polymer consists of alternate single and double bonds, termed conjugated double bonds.若是植物遺骸大量堆積，這表明沉積物是在緊靠陸地的沼澤、港灣或三角洲中形成的。（賓從）

一種情況是，這種聚合物由單雙鍵交替構(gòu)成，即所謂的共軛雙鍵。（表從）

We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving by itself.The pore space of soil that is thoroughly soaked with water does not have any air.This could result in the development of tiny, powerful computers that run for extended periods of time on little power.我們都熟知這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：自然界沒(méi)有一個(gè)物質(zhì)會(huì)自行開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)或自行停止運(yùn)動(dòng)。（同位從）完全被水浸沒(méi)的土壤，其孔隙沒(méi)有絲毫空氣。（定從）這種技術(shù)可以用于開(kāi)發(fā)體積微小、功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)。而這類(lèi)計(jì)算機(jī)依靠極少的電能就可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作。（定從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)16 Many substances such as glass and wood conduct so poorly that they may be called nonconductors or insulators.At an estimated 80 beats per second, the bee hummer’s wings move so rapidly that the naked eye cannot detect them.諸如玻璃、木材之類(lèi)的物質(zhì)傳導(dǎo)性極差，所以可稱(chēng)為非導(dǎo)體或絕緣體。（結(jié)果狀從）

蜂鳥(niǎo)的翅膀估計(jì)每秒扇動(dòng)80次，速度之快使肉眼看不到它的翅膀。（結(jié)果狀從）Cables are usually laid underground so that their life may be extended.Now that we have examined several areas of natural science, perhaps it would be well to attempt to define science.Lead is toxic in that it hampers brain development.電纜通常安裝在地下，為的是延長(zhǎng)其壽命。（目的狀從）

既然我們已經(jīng)仔細(xì)研究了自然科學(xué)的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域，現(xiàn)在不妨給科學(xué)下個(gè)定義。（原因狀從）鉛有毒，因?yàn)殂U會(huì)影響大腦發(fā)育。（原因狀從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)17 Unless the steam is superheated, higher pressure will be necessary.A copper wire is not affected unless there is electrical pressure.Usually substances can’t expand, unless they are heated.如果蒸汽不是過(guò)熱蒸汽，就需要較高的壓力。銅線不受磁鐵的影響，除非它載有電流。物質(zhì)如果不受熱，一般是不會(huì)膨脹的。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)18 Until the SCR was developed, the thyratron was the only controlled rectifier available.Rubber was known only as a natural product until its synthesis was achieved in 1916.Not until the jet engine had come into use could planes travel at supersonic speeds.在研制出可控硅之前，閘流管是唯一可用的可控整流元件。

在1916年人工合成橡膠之前，人們只知道橡膠是一種天然產(chǎn)品。直到噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)投入使用，飛機(jī)才能做超音速飛行。

When the water temperature is increased, it vaporizes more quickly until it reaches boiling point.水溫升高時(shí)，水蒸發(fā)得越來(lái)越快，直到達(dá)到沸點(diǎn)為止。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)19 Precisely what happens to the atomic structure of metals at such low temperatures is still not wholly understood.Since sound travels differently through different materials, analyzing the sounds can reveal what the floor is made of.在如此低的溫度下金屬的原子結(jié)構(gòu)到底發(fā)生什么變化，還不完全清楚。（主從）

因?yàn)槁曇粼诓煌奈镔|(zhì)中傳播情況不同，分析這些聲音能夠知道海底是由什么構(gòu)成的。（賓從）

A programmer must make out, in every detail, the problem to be solved in what is called machine language.These illustrations show what happens to the mixture after it enters the cylinder of the engine.The method of physics is to analyze first the simpler cases, to extract what we can from them, and to go forward to more and more complicated cases.What the image tube does is not hard to describe.程序編制人員要用所謂的機(jī)器語(yǔ)言把要解決的題目詳盡地編排出來(lái)。（賓從）這些插圖顯示混合物進(jìn)入汽缸后會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況。（賓從）顯象管的作用不難說(shuō)清。（主從）

物理學(xué)的方法是首先分析一些較簡(jiǎn)單的事例，從中吸取我們所能吸取的知識(shí)，然后進(jìn)一步分析越來(lái)越復(fù)雜的事例。（賓從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)20

We don’t know when the best times are for seeing Mercury.We don’t know when they can give the transformers we ordered.This was the period when he began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.我們不知道觀察水星的最好時(shí)機(jī)是什么時(shí)候。（主從）我們不知道他們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始交付我們訂購(gòu)的變壓器。（賓從）

就在這期間，他開(kāi)始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)研究，通過(guò)這項(xiàng)研究創(chuàng)立了著名的相對(duì)論。（定從）

In those years when electricity had not been discovered, people knew nothing of conductors and insulators.在電還沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的年代里，人們不知道有導(dǎo)體和絕緣體。（定從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)21 When a substance is dissolved in water, the freezing point of the water is lowered.The SCR will only pass current when its gate is pulsed.Newton’s first two laws hold only when they are observed in unaccelerated reference frames.當(dāng)一種物質(zhì)溶解于水時(shí)，水的冰點(diǎn)就會(huì)降低。

只有當(dāng)可控硅的門(mén)電極受脈沖作用時(shí)才能讓電流通過(guò)。

牛頓的第一、第二定律，只有在非加速的參照系中作觀察時(shí)，才能成立。An electric current exists when there are charges in motion.如果有電荷運(yùn)動(dòng)，就存在著電流。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)22 Where the power station will be built is under discussion.Universal connectivity will bring together all the information and services you need and make them available to you regardless of where you are, what you are doing, or the kind of device you are using.電站建在什么地方正在討論中。（主從）

通用連接技術(shù)將能把你所需要的信息和服務(wù)收攏起來(lái)。而且無(wú)論你在哪里，無(wú)論你在做什么，無(wú)論你使用何種設(shè)備，它都能將這些信息和服務(wù)送到你手上。（賓從）Then arose the question where we were to buy the generators needed.Water power station must be built where there are water falls.Where the watt is too small a unit, we may use the kilowatt.這時(shí)就產(chǎn)生了這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們到哪兒買(mǎi)所需要的發(fā)電機(jī)？（同位從）水電站必須建在水有落差的地方。（狀從）在用瓦作單位太小的情況下，我們可用千瓦。（狀從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)23 Resistant and tolerant varieties can help mitigate tuber damage where nematodes are present.Most urban areas now have a TDD relay center, where operators serve as intermediaries between TDD users and standard-phone users.Surrounding every magnet there is a region where magnetic forces act.在每一塊磁鐵的周?chē)加幸粋€(gè)磁力作用的區(qū)域。（定從）抗病蟲(chóng)品種可以有助于減緩線蟲(chóng)對(duì)球根的損害。（定從）現(xiàn)在大部分城市市區(qū)都有“耳聾電信裝置”中繼中心，在那里接線員是“耳聾電信裝置”用戶和普通電話用戶的中間人。（定從）

The reducing top gas, containing 70 percent carbon monoxide plus hydrogen, flows from an outlet pipe located near the top of the DR furnace into the top-gas scrubber, where it is cooled and

scrubbed to remove dust particles.第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)24 The question is whether these relays and breakers come up to the mark.We wonder whether simpler and more inclusive conservation laws exist.There is no difference whether or not the temperature is kept constant.A waterfall, whether it is man-made or natural, also possesses energy.我們不知道是否有形式更簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)用范圍更廣泛的守恒定律。（賓從）溫度是否保持不變，這沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。（同位從）問(wèn)題是這些繼電器和斷路器是否合乎要求。（表從）瀑布，不管它是人造的還是天然的，也具有能量。（狀從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)25 Which of these generators is the most efficient has to be tested.The problem is which generator you repair first.As to which of these apparatuses is the best, I can’t give you any definite answer.這些發(fā)電機(jī)中哪一個(gè)最有效還有待試驗(yàn)。（主從）

至于這些裝置中哪臺(tái)最好，我不能作任何肯定的回答。（賓從）問(wèn)題是你先修哪一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)。（表從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)26 Technology tries to find applications for new ideas which science discovers.In order to keep the engine speed within the limits which it was designed for, a device which is known as a governor is incorporated in the engine.The basic principle which a tape recorder functions on is that of magnetism.技術(shù)力圖為科學(xué)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的新思想找到應(yīng)用。（定從）

為了使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速保持在所設(shè)計(jì)的范圍之內(nèi)，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)里裝有被稱(chēng)為調(diào)速器的裝置。（定從）

磁帶錄音機(jī)的基本工作原理就是磁性原理。（定從）

Molecules in turn are made up of atoms, which are smaller particles still.An experimental station has been established off the Ivory Coast of Africa, which utilizes the different temperature levels of sea water.Light has a higher frequency than radio vaves or microwaves, which gives it a greater information carrying capacity.分子本身又是由原子構(gòu)成，后者是更小的粒子。（定從）在非洲象牙海岸沿海已建立起一座試驗(yàn)性發(fā)電站，該發(fā)電站利用海水的溫度級(jí)差來(lái)發(fā)電。（定從）

光的頻率高于無(wú)線電波和微波，這就使它具有更大的信息運(yùn)載能力。（定從）

At present, microwave technology, which includes microwave heating and microwave survey, is being widely applied to industrial and agricultural production.Many people could find that videoconferencing yields productivity gains which make it worth the investment of time and money.目前，微波技術(shù)，包括微波加熱和微波測(cè)量，正廣泛地應(yīng)用于工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。（定從）許多人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，視頻會(huì)議系統(tǒng)可以提高生產(chǎn)效率，因此它值得我們投入時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。（定從）第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)27 Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.New types of computers are smaller in size, while they are simpler in operation.49 Each face is an equilateral triangle, while three faces meet at each vertex.新型計(jì)算機(jī)體積較小，而且操作也比較簡(jiǎn)單。

每一個(gè)面是一個(gè)正三角形，而且在每一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)有三個(gè)面相交。運(yùn)動(dòng)是絕對(duì)的，而靜止是相對(duì)的。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)28 While a crystal solid melts, there is no change in temperature.While there are heat losses in a steam turbine, I cannot prove it.While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.當(dāng)晶態(tài)固體熔化時(shí)，溫度沒(méi)有變化。

雖然渦輪機(jī)內(nèi)有熱損耗，但我無(wú)法加以證明。只要病人還有一息生機(jī)，醫(yī)生就有責(zé)任挽救。第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)29 It is still not clear in my mind why a generator can produce power.This is why some conjugated polymers exhibit electro-luminescence.We all know why the ground loses heat to the air.我仍然弄不明白為什么發(fā)電機(jī)能發(fā)電。（主從）

這就是為什么一些共軛聚合物具有電致發(fā)光的特點(diǎn)。（表從）我們都知道為何地表把熱量輸送給空氣。（賓從）

The reason why elements emit radioactive rays is that they are constantly decaying.The reason why the turbine doesn’t work is the lack of lubricant.元素射出放射線的原因是因?yàn)樗鼈儾煌５卦谒プ?。（定從）那臺(tái)汽輪機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不靈的原因是缺少潤(rùn)滑油。（定從）第7章 總復(fù)習(xí)題

The conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in contact with air.There is a brighter future for intelligent devices in the home.The scientists found that the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Once upon a time, bold claims were made about computers, the future and the “paperless office”.聚乙炔一接觸空氣，其導(dǎo)電性就迅速下降。家庭智能裝置仍有著更加光明的前景。（省譯）科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)腿內(nèi)的血管不會(huì)腫脹。

曾幾何時(shí)，有人就有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)、未來(lái)和“無(wú)紙化辦公”做過(guò)大膽的預(yù)測(cè)。The doctor advised against the use of the new treatment.If a good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth, then a so-called deep foundation must be provided.Magnetic lines of force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by what they do.磁力線是看不見(jiàn)的，但是我們按照它們的作用即知它們的存在。醫(yī)生建議不要使用新的治療方法。

若在合理的深度內(nèi)找不到堅(jiān)實(shí)的地基層，那就要采用所謂的深基礎(chǔ)。We may process directly with Kirchoff’s voltage law for the circuit.The proper values of a and b are determined from two conditions.Optional communications are free from electromagnetic interference.This type of discrepancy could have resulted from differences in kinetics.a和b的值由兩個(gè)條件決定。

對(duì)于電路，我們可直接從克希荷夫電壓定律講起。

第二篇：科技英語(yǔ)翻譯答案

新核心大學(xué)英語(yǔ)——科技英語(yǔ)

UNIT 7 1．到目前為止，還沒(méi)有一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能像iPad一樣對(duì)消費(fèi)者形成如此顯著的影響。（so far）So far,none of these contenders like iPad has gained any significant influence on consumer.2．如果應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)卯?dāng)，新一輪全球化也許對(duì)中國(guó)這樣的發(fā)展中國(guó)家更為有利。（be favorable for）When properiy handled, the new-round globalization can be more favorable for developing countries like China.3．她通常不隨便花錢(qián)，要花也只是花她所掙的一小部分。（a fraction of）Generally, she is careful with her money, and spends only a fraction of her earning.4．演講者應(yīng)當(dāng)向觀眾表述一些有意義，有見(jiàn)解的發(fā)言，讓觀眾在思想上受益。（deliver…to）Speakers should deliver to audience a meaningful and insinghtful speech and make audience benefit from it.5．我得改掉每天晚上看電視的習(xí)慣。（wean oneself from）I have to wean myself from watching TV every night.UNIT 8 1．除了過(guò)強(qiáng)的北風(fēng)外，此處為建設(shè)零碳環(huán)保建筑提供了理想的地理環(huán)境條件。（with the exception of）

With the exception of too-strong winds from the north, the location offers ideal geographical and environmental condition for a net-zero, environment-friendly building.2．此外，生態(tài)建筑挑戰(zhàn)還限制了建材到工地的運(yùn)輸半徑。（in addition）

In addition, living building challenge places limits on the transportation radius from the construction site.3．為了充分利用當(dāng)?shù)氐奶烊毁Y源，項(xiàng)目小組將能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)成沿地形逐漸降低的三部分。（to make the most of）

To make the most use of the local natural assets the project team developed the energy lab into three volumes that step down with the landscape.4．建筑管理系統(tǒng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室能效監(jiān)控方面起到了重大作用。（play a significant role in）The building management system plays a significant role in minitoring the lab’senergy efficency.5．考慮到項(xiàng)目小組為滿足苛刻認(rèn)證條件所作出的努力，該項(xiàng)目是真正的可持續(xù)建筑。（Given….）

Given all the effort involved in meeting the demanding requirement for the certification ,the project is a real sustainable building.UNIT 10 1．我們需要的一切是一些創(chuàng)造力和大量的時(shí)間和練習(xí)。（along with）All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.2．工廠由于未能遵守政府的安全條例而被關(guān)閉。（comply with）

The factory was closed for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.3．這個(gè)國(guó)家最終可能只是成為一個(gè)低成本的生產(chǎn)基地，而不是創(chuàng)新的發(fā)源地。（end up）This country could end up becoming simply a low-cost manufactoring base , not a source of innovation.4．為了幫助他們開(kāi)拓新的市場(chǎng)，你有何具體計(jì)劃？（open up）Do you have any particular plan to help them open up new market? 5．中國(guó)不惜一切代價(jià)去阻止臺(tái)灣“獨(dú)立”，包括發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。（wage）

China is willing to wage war with Taiwan to prevent from declaring independence-whatever the cost.

第三篇：商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯課后習(xí)題答案

Unit1

1)從合同生效之日起到合同終止期間，雙方每年舉行一次正式會(huì)晤，以便討論合同執(zhí)行中存在的問(wèn)題，以及就技術(shù)發(fā)展與改進(jìn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行交流，為進(jìn)一步技術(shù)合作奠定基礎(chǔ)。雙方的會(huì)晤輪流在兩國(guó)舉行。討論的內(nèi)容和結(jié)論載入備忘錄。每方與會(huì)人員不得超過(guò)5人，費(fèi)用自理。

2)如果合同一方未能在合同規(guī)定的時(shí)限內(nèi)履行合同義務(wù)，并在收到未違約方通知后15天內(nèi)未能消除違約或采取補(bǔ)救措施，而且在被允許延長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)未履行合同，在此情形下，未違約方應(yīng)書(shū)面通知違約方解除合同，同時(shí)有權(quán)向違約方索賠。

1)從合同生效之日起到合同終止期間，雙方每年舉行一次正式會(huì)晤，以便討論合同執(zhí)行中存在的問(wèn)題，以及就技術(shù)發(fā)展與改進(jìn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行交流，為進(jìn)一步技術(shù)合作奠定基礎(chǔ)。雙方的會(huì)晤輪流在兩國(guó)舉行。討論的內(nèi)容和結(jié)論載入備忘錄。每方與會(huì)人員不得超過(guò)5人，費(fèi)用自理。

2)如果合同一方未能在合同規(guī)定的時(shí)限內(nèi)履行合同義務(wù)，并在收到未違約方通知后15天內(nèi)未能消除違約或采取補(bǔ)救措施，而且在被允許延長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)未履行合同，在此情形下，未違約方應(yīng)書(shū)面通知違約方解除合同，同時(shí)有權(quán)向違約方索賠。

1）① 僅進(jìn)去年一年時(shí)間，美元升值已經(jīng)超過(guò)10%，這與1997年至1998年的亞洲金融危機(jī)期間的升值幅度差不多。② 美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的減速很可能更加支持人們對(duì)美元的信心。

2）① 匯率變動(dòng)對(duì)于進(jìn)口價(jià)格的影響取決于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求的強(qiáng)度。

② 事實(shí)上，今年美國(guó)的出口已經(jīng)有顯著增長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)首次超過(guò)了進(jìn)口。

1）當(dāng)事人一方不履行合同義務(wù)或者履行合同義務(wù)不符合約定的，在履行義務(wù)或者采取補(bǔ)救措施后，對(duì)方還有其他損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償損失。

2）對(duì)發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)本身業(yè)務(wù)需要發(fā)行債券的，所籌資金必須按批準(zhǔn)的用途使用，債券本息的償還自行負(fù)責(zé)。

3）報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)由住所在該國(guó)的一方或其代表辦理，這通常是可取的。因此，出口商通常應(yīng)辦理出口報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)，進(jìn)口商應(yīng)辦理進(jìn)口報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)。

1)世界貿(mào)易組織于1995年成立，是年輕的國(guó)際組織之一。世界貿(mào)易組織的前身是關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定，成立于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)期。因此，盡管世界貿(mào)易組織很年輕，但是關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定時(shí)期建立的多邊貿(mào)易體系已經(jīng)有50年的歷史了。1998年5月19日多邊貿(mào)易體系在日內(nèi)瓦慶祝其50周年紀(jì)念日時(shí)，許多國(guó)家和政府首腦都到場(chǎng)參加了慶?；顒?dòng)。

2)因此，生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者都知道他們所需的成品、零部件、原材料、服務(wù)會(huì)得到充足的供應(yīng)，且選擇面廣。生產(chǎn)者和出口商同樣明白，國(guó)外市場(chǎng)會(huì)對(duì)他們開(kāi)放。

3)與其前身不同的是，世界貿(mào)易組織是一個(gè)正式組建的實(shí)體，它的所有規(guī)定對(duì)其成員國(guó)具有法律的約力，并且它是獨(dú)立于聯(lián)合國(guó)以外的國(guó)際組織。它為國(guó)家貿(mào)易法規(guī)提供了總的框架，同時(shí)也將關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定規(guī)定的范圍擴(kuò)大到服務(wù)貿(mào)易、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和投資貿(mào)易。

1）對(duì)不包括在合同中的工程或業(yè)主簽訂的其他與合同工程有關(guān)的輔助合同項(xiàng)目，承包人按業(yè)主的要求，為業(yè)主雇傭的其他承包人及其工人，業(yè)主雇傭的工人和其他在工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)課雇傭的機(jī)構(gòu)提供合理的開(kāi)展工作的機(jī)會(huì)。

2）然而，如果承包人應(yīng)工程師或其代表的書(shū)面要求，讓其他承包人、業(yè)主或其他機(jī)構(gòu)可以使用由他負(fù)責(zé)維護(hù)的公路或道路，或者允許他們使用施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的腳手架或其他設(shè)備，或提供其他任何類(lèi)似的服務(wù)，則業(yè)主應(yīng)向承包人支付工程師認(rèn)為合理的費(fèi)用。

3）所有在既是承包人又是業(yè)主的工地上發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石、錢(qián)幣、有價(jià)物品或古代文物、建筑物和其他具有地質(zhì)或考古價(jià)值的遺跡、物品均被認(rèn)為絕對(duì)屬于業(yè)主的財(cái)產(chǎn)。承包人應(yīng)防止他人搬走或損壞這些物品，并在發(fā)現(xiàn)之后搬動(dòng)之前，立即通知工程師的代表，按其指示處理這些物品，費(fèi)用由業(yè)主承擔(dān)。

4）為了防范匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，穩(wěn)定進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易（包括其他對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)）成本，開(kāi)展即期和遠(yuǎn)期外匯買(mǎi)賣(mài)業(yè)務(wù)，特制定本規(guī)定。

1）在合同簽字后12年內(nèi)，買(mǎi)方不得全部或部分地披露按本合同所獲得的專(zhuān)有技術(shù)、技術(shù)資料和其他情況。但買(mǎi)方有權(quán)將上述內(nèi)容提供給為本合同工廠工作或與本合同工廠有關(guān)的人員。對(duì)專(zhuān)有技術(shù)、技術(shù)資料和其他情報(bào)已經(jīng)公開(kāi)的部分，買(mǎi)方不再承擔(dān)保密義務(wù)。

2）若由賣(mài)方負(fù)責(zé)消除缺陷，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)按賣(mài)方要求，向賣(mài)方提供必需的人員、安裝工具和吊車(chē)等。由此而產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用由賣(mài)方負(fù)擔(dān)。消除缺陷應(yīng)盡快進(jìn)行，賣(mài)方應(yīng)盡最大努力使合同工廠的建設(shè)進(jìn)度不受其影響。

3）安裝期間，賣(mài)方技術(shù)人員須參加全部設(shè)備安裝質(zhì)量的檢查和測(cè)試。雙方各自授權(quán)一名代表，處理合同工廠從安裝到驗(yàn)收期間有關(guān)合同工廠的全部技術(shù)工作。雙方代表如有分岐意見(jiàn)應(yīng)友好地協(xié)商解決。當(dāng)不能解決時(shí)，可報(bào)請(qǐng)雙方的上級(jí)處理

1)新公司股東應(yīng)在新公司成立時(shí)，在基于本協(xié)議規(guī)定制訂的公司章程中描述其權(quán)利和義務(wù)的條款。如果新公司各股東對(duì)本工程的有關(guān)事宜不能達(dá)成協(xié)議，主要股東的意見(jiàn)和決定應(yīng)是最終的，對(duì)新公司的其他股東具有約束力。

2)B方應(yīng)確保在建造期間，C方可以免去下述稅費(fèi)，即免除各種設(shè)備和材料的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅、國(guó)稅及地稅，如發(fā)電設(shè)備、施工設(shè)備、車(chē)輛（包括小汽車(chē)、吉普車(chē)等）、工具、建筑材料以及其他物品和生活設(shè)施。

3)本協(xié)議中的任何規(guī)定不應(yīng)被理解為對(duì)本協(xié)議所述設(shè)備的專(zhuān)利或版權(quán)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)羞@些權(quán)利均完全屬于其正的合法主人，C方或新公司應(yīng)保留對(duì)有關(guān)說(shuō)明書(shū)、策劃案、圖紙和其他文件的所有權(quán)利，B方保證在未經(jīng)C方或新公司事先書(shū)面同意的條件下不得將類(lèi)似或相關(guān)內(nèi)容泄露給第三國(guó)。

1、9月28日，該公司股票首次在東京證券交易所掛牌上市。

2、出售期貨合約的出售者被認(rèn)為是處在市場(chǎng)空頭。

3、期貨交易只能在政府管理的交易所內(nèi)進(jìn)行。

4、清算所將每個(gè)交易所清算成員各自的凈結(jié)算額通知他們。

5、如果你賣(mài)空而期貨價(jià)格上升，你就賠錢(qián)。

6、外匯期貨是金融期貨的一種。

7、直到期貨合約到期之時(shí)，期貨價(jià)格才穩(wěn)定。

8、保證金也給了交易商以極大的財(cái)務(wù)杠桿的便利。

9、多頭是指一種貨幣的流入大于流出，而空頭指一種貨幣的流出大于流入。

10、期貨市場(chǎng)上的套做交易實(shí)際上就是轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

1)9月17日，行人從位于紐約時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)的納斯達(dá)克股票市場(chǎng)走過(guò)，那天股市以跌幅達(dá)7%收盤(pán)，這是繼9月11日被劫持的飛機(jī)撞塌世貿(mào)中心大廈以來(lái)首次開(kāi)盤(pán)。

2)上海證券交易所開(kāi)張迄今15年，這個(gè)中國(guó)首家資本市場(chǎng)目前已覆蓋全國(guó)，并開(kāi)始與國(guó)際股市接軌。上海證券交易所是一個(gè)世界股市有史以來(lái)成長(zhǎng)最快的資本市場(chǎng)。從2010年至2020年，上海證券交易所將成為全球最大的股票市場(chǎng)之一。

3)紐約證券交易所是由21位董事會(huì)來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)，其中10位從證券業(yè)選舉產(chǎn)生，10位從非證券業(yè)中挑選產(chǎn)生，還有一位是由董事們選舉的董事會(huì)主席。紐約證券交易所不擁有證券，不買(mǎi)賣(mài)股票，也不影響它們的價(jià)格，它只提供一個(gè)集中的地方以供其成員買(mǎi)賣(mài)證券。

1）（人民幣的）匯率并軌是（中國(guó)）外貿(mào)、金融、物價(jià)改革邁出的很大一步。匯率并軌極大有利于促進(jìn)出口，幫助平衡國(guó)家財(cái)政收支，刺激外商直接投資，而不會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生巨大的沖擊。

2）債券購(gòu)買(mǎi)者天性謹(jǐn)慎。在購(gòu)入債券之前，常常堅(jiān)持要求掌握一份法律上可強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的合同。這種債券契約闡述債券持有人的權(quán)利及債券發(fā)行者的義務(wù)，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)行者本金和利息的及時(shí)支付。除此以外，債券契約通常包含若干保護(hù)性條例，如限制發(fā)放現(xiàn)金紅利以及不許發(fā)售新債券等。

3）債券發(fā)行之后，發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)根據(jù)管匯部門(mén)的要求，按季報(bào)送資金的使用情況、投資和貸款項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況以及資金的償還情況。如果需要改變資金用途，發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)事先取得管匯部門(mén)的同意。

1）為了讓外國(guó)游客和商人能方便地支付在中國(guó)的費(fèi)用和以及讓國(guó)民試用這種世界流行的信用工具，中國(guó)銀行一直在努力向客戶推介使用長(zhǎng)城卡。目前已有數(shù)萬(wàn)張長(zhǎng)城卡投入使用，顯示出比傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)金結(jié)算更高的效率。

2）信用卡能使持卡人通過(guò)賒賬的方式獲得商品和服務(wù)。信用卡由零售商店、銀行或信用卡公司發(fā)放給經(jīng)過(guò)批準(zhǔn)的客戶。銀行或信用卡公司結(jié)清客戶的賬單，按月給客戶開(kāi)列消費(fèi)清單，收取欠款的利息。他們的利潤(rùn)來(lái)自所收取的高額利息，持卡人支付的年費(fèi)以及接受信用卡的單位交納的代理費(fèi)。

3）當(dāng)持卡人到已經(jīng)與中國(guó)銀行訂立協(xié)議接受這種付款工具的商店、賓館、餐館購(gòu)物或接受服務(wù)之時(shí)，可以用信用卡支付賬單。然后，這些供應(yīng)單位再向銀行索償，銀行全額償付這些款項(xiàng)后，每月對(duì)客戶的賬戶結(jié)算一次。

4）除此以外，中國(guó)銀行還開(kāi)辦了用外匯計(jì)值的長(zhǎng)城金卡，它是專(zhuān)門(mén)為國(guó)際旅游者設(shè)計(jì)的。因?yàn)樵摽ㄒ鸭尤肓巳f(wàn)事達(dá)和維薩兩大國(guó)際信用卡公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)，此卡的持卡人就可以作為這兩種外國(guó)信用卡的成員，在任何與這兩家信用卡集團(tuán)有關(guān)系的國(guó)外服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)使用它。

1、當(dāng)時(shí)，銀行的規(guī)定對(duì)小額零星存款和短期存款的利率有限制。但是資金市場(chǎng)互助基金卻使個(gè)體投資者能夠參與國(guó)

債，大額存單，商業(yè)本票的批發(fā)或“資金”市場(chǎng)，這些市場(chǎng)的利率要高的多。

2、基金投資運(yùn)作的關(guān)鍵是盡可能降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)盡最大可能獲取利潤(rùn)。然而，高收益往往與高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相伴，低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與低收益同行。因此，資金投資運(yùn)作必須正確處理好風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與收益的關(guān)系。在現(xiàn)代投資理論和投資實(shí)踐中，解決這一問(wèn)題的基本對(duì)策是組合投資。

3、自去年以來(lái)，高利率幫助存貨急劇減少。首先，因?yàn)楦呃适菇杩钯?gòu)貨變得昂貴；其次，因?yàn)楫?dāng)貨幣市場(chǎng)有高利可圖時(shí)，人們不愿再存放成本高的無(wú)利息的商品。

2）出口配額是出口國(guó)政府允許出口的某種或某類(lèi)商品的數(shù)量。出口配額的目的是保護(hù)如糖，水泥和木材等這類(lèi)商品在國(guó)內(nèi)的供應(yīng)。出口配額也可用作抬高如石油，戰(zhàn)略金屬等商品的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格，以保護(hù)輸出國(guó)自然資源。配額一詞通常指進(jìn)口配額。在實(shí)際操作中，配額通常指進(jìn)口配額，雖然有些不夠準(zhǔn)確。當(dāng)出口方談及出口配額時(shí)，一般指進(jìn)口國(guó)的進(jìn)口配額。

3）法律環(huán)境對(duì)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是指東道國(guó)與商業(yè)有關(guān)的法律法規(guī)。了解這些法律和法規(guī)，同時(shí)調(diào)整自己的行為以適應(yīng)東道國(guó)的法律環(huán)境，對(duì)公司都非常重要。

1）所得稅建立在凈收入的基礎(chǔ)上，是從毛收入中扣除某些項(xiàng)目后所剩余的部分?？煽鄢捻?xiàng)目和使用的稅率由法律規(guī)定，個(gè)人所得稅和公司所得稅是不同的。

2）社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)稅是聯(lián)邦政府征收的薪金稅，此項(xiàng)稅收為老年救濟(jì)金和失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的社會(huì)義務(wù)保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃提供資金。稅款來(lái)自雇員和雇主，并根據(jù)雇員的收入征稅。不能因?yàn)樗枚愐彩且环N收益稅而將其與社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)混淆。社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)稅用于一種特定的目的，而所得稅則用于多種目的。

3）銷(xiāo)售稅是按固定的比率對(duì)商品零售價(jià)格征收的稅。在一些州或城市，食品及藥品一類(lèi)的商品和服務(wù)都是免稅的，但在其他地方卻不然。聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)貨物的最終銷(xiāo)售不征收“普通”營(yíng)業(yè)稅，然而對(duì)酒類(lèi)、汽油和其他產(chǎn)品的制造、銷(xiāo)售和消費(fèi)則征收特別的銷(xiāo)售稅，即消費(fèi)稅。

4）電子商務(wù)的概念不是新出現(xiàn)的------商業(yè)上應(yīng)用EDI進(jìn)行商業(yè)交易已經(jīng)多年了。EDI使企業(yè)能夠在計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)之間交換結(jié)構(gòu)化的信息（訂單、發(fā)票等）而無(wú)須人工參與。信息通常在專(zhuān)用的增值網(wǎng)絡(luò)（VANS）上傳送，VANS為用戶提供存儲(chǔ)和接收郵件的服務(wù)。

第四篇：科技英語(yǔ)翻譯

寧波工程學(xué)院簡(jiǎn)介

（NINGBO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PROFILE）

寧波工程學(xué)院是一所由寧波市政府舉辦的全日制普通本科院校，前身寧波高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校創(chuàng)建于1983年5月。2004年5月升格更名為寧波工程學(xué)院。學(xué)校分東、西兩個(gè)校區(qū)，占地面積1400多畝（西校區(qū)（翠柏路）300畝；東校區(qū)（風(fēng)華路）規(guī)劃1100多畝，其中已建成約400畝），校舍建筑面積30萬(wàn)平方米?，F(xiàn)有11個(gè)二級(jí)學(xué)院，27個(gè)本科專(zhuān)業(yè)。有教職工825人，在校全日制學(xué)生9429人。Ningbo University of Technology is a Full-time regular undergraduate program university which financed by Ningbo Municipal Government,it was founded in May,1983 as Ningbo polytechnic college which was upgraded and redesignated in May,2004.(east campus and west campus with total area of 1400mu and building area of 0.3 million square,the west camps at 208Cuibai Road ,the 400mu east camps at the Fenghua Road to be developed.It is constituted of 11schoolos ,27 undergraduate-programs, registering a staff of 825,full-time admission of 9429.學(xué)校綜合辦學(xué)條件良好，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施齊備?，F(xiàn)有教學(xué)儀器設(shè)備總值8989萬(wàn)元，館藏圖書(shū)117萬(wàn)余冊(cè)。目前學(xué)校專(zhuān)任教師511人，其中有碩士以上學(xué)位者297人，占58%，博士67人，占13%；副教授129人，教授56人，副高以上占36%，師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。

NBUT is well-equipped,in the value of 89890000RMB and a library of

1.17million volumes.The university registers a faculty of 511,of whom 297 have obtained master degrees and over 67 doctor degrees,(58% and 13% of the total respectively),and whom 129 associate professors and 56 professors(36% of the total respectively),the construction of teaching resource shows a favorable development trend.學(xué)校以學(xué)科建設(shè)為龍頭，以市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，精心設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)，堅(jiān)持工科為主，多學(xué)科協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。學(xué)校不斷提高專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)水平，辦好優(yōu)勢(shì)專(zhuān)業(yè)，扶植特色專(zhuān)業(yè)，全面實(shí)施“321教學(xué)質(zhì)量工程”?，F(xiàn)有省級(jí)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科1個(gè)，重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)2個(gè)，精品課程5門(mén)，省級(jí)示范基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

Directed to the discipline building and market demand ,NBUT attaches prime importance to program configuration with the focus upon engineering courses in cooperation with others.The “321 Teaching Quality Project” is underway,in support of advantaged and specialized.Currently rated at provincial level is a parcel of fruits,a key note program,two key note major programs and five excellent courses,model basis laboratory.學(xué)校加強(qiáng)科研基地和隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，大力開(kāi)展應(yīng)用性科技研究和發(fā)展，現(xiàn)有科研機(jī)構(gòu)十余個(gè)2008年已獲國(guó)家級(jí)項(xiàng)目5項(xiàng)，省級(jí)項(xiàng)目14項(xiàng)；發(fā)表論文282篇，其中三大檢索論文48篇，CSSCI來(lái)源期刊論文14篇；實(shí)現(xiàn)專(zhuān)利轉(zhuǎn)讓2項(xiàng)。學(xué)校積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合，科研成果的應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)化成效良好。

NBUT provides an impetus to the growth of research basis under personal,in view of applied R&D.Available on the campuses are over ten research basis.The 2009 saw the research proceeds in the amount of over 40million RMB,three state Natural Science Fund,5 PNSF projects ,the publication of 282 theses,of which 56 are retrieved into SCI,EI and ISTP,and 14 into CSSCI,along with the transfer of two patents.2008年，為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)學(xué)校與地方政府、企業(yè)以及高等院校、科研院所之間的聯(lián)系與合作，啟動(dòng)了“雙合作”工作，初見(jiàn)成效。與鎮(zhèn)海區(qū)簽訂了全面科技合作協(xié)議；與中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院合作共建國(guó)際港口與物流研究中心；與中國(guó)科學(xué)院寧波材料技術(shù)與工程研究所共建專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

The Double coo-program/Scheme was launched in 2008 to keep in close contact with the local government and the above-mentioned institutions.Agreements were signed covering all round science and Technology Cooperation with Zhenhai district, the jointly-built international sea-ports and logistics research-canteen with China of society science, the jointly-built specialized lib with Ningbo Medical Technology and engineering institute under China of science.學(xué)校以應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)型高級(jí)技術(shù)人才為培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，積極探索“知行合一，雙核協(xié)同”的人才培養(yǎng)模式。學(xué)校注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力，組織參加省級(jí)以上專(zhuān)業(yè)競(jìng)賽，屢獲佳績(jī)。畢業(yè)生深受地方用人單位的歡迎，初次就業(yè)率一直保持在95%以上。

Aimed to cultivating the advanced technical talents in applied R&D,NBUT is seeking after about the educational mode of knowledge and practice in “Oneness” and “Double-Kernel Link” students are encouraged to take part in the specialized competition at province level with outstanding awards.Graduates are welcome to local companies.The first employment rate is kept over than 95%.學(xué)校廣泛開(kāi)展對(duì)外合作，借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，強(qiáng)化外向型辦學(xué)特色。1984年即與亞琛應(yīng)用科技大學(xué)結(jié)對(duì)，是全國(guó)四所中德合作研究院校之一。先后與澳大利亞、德國(guó)等多國(guó)的大學(xué)建立校際合作關(guān)系并開(kāi)展合作辦學(xué)、師生交流和合作研究。學(xué)校設(shè)有寧高出國(guó)留學(xué)服務(wù)中心。

NBUT extensive corporation with the foreign university is promote.AS early as 1984,NBUT set up the sister relations with Aachen Applied Te-University ranked among colleges in China for Sino-German join educational program.Bilateral have been earlier or later established with a dozen of universities Australia、German and some other countries in regular of the degree program, exchanges of teacher and students , joint research projects.NG O-S-S is attached NBUT.學(xué)校全方位、多層次構(gòu)建高格調(diào)、高水平、高質(zhì)量的校園文化，著力塑造“知行合一”的辦學(xué)理念，積極發(fā)揮環(huán)境育人的功能，努力營(yíng)造特色鮮明、文明和諧、健康向上的校園文化氛圍，全面提高學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)。

Due efforts are distributed to the educational mode” knowledge and practice in oneness,double-kernel link” in the hope of achieving a lofty advanced and harmonious campus culture and training the well-developed students.

第五篇：科技英語(yǔ)翻譯

形合和意合

1.昨天看電影我沒(méi)有買(mǎi)到好票。

I did not buy good seat for movie last day.2.這個(gè)車(chē)間既做來(lái)料加工，又做來(lái)樣加工。

This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well.3.她在中國(guó)留學(xué)服務(wù)中心工作。

She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange.4.烤煙，蘋(píng)果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，年產(chǎn)量3.12億元，占農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的52.5%。

Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values.5.可以預(yù)言，鈦材在飛機(jī)或各種飛行器上的應(yīng)用將會(huì)與日俱增，并且在其他工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用也會(huì)擴(kuò)大。It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries.6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension.某種與其他疾病伴發(fā)的高血壓，稱(chēng)為繼發(fā)性高血壓

7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本節(jié)內(nèi)容如有更改，均見(jiàn)本書(shū)末附錄。

8.一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物，這種現(xiàn)象最早是巴斯德發(fā)現(xiàn)的，他指出這可以用到醫(yī)療上去。

That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use.英漢句子中心的差異

1.他們培育出的細(xì)胞看上去像胚胎干細(xì)胞，這的確令人驚訝。

It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells.2.1968年12月阿波羅8號(hào)宇宙飛船上那些想家的宇航員們?cè)谔张南铝苏麄€(gè)地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)地球日，這絕非是歷史的偶然。

It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968.3.你們已經(jīng)取得了進(jìn)步，對(duì)此我毫不懷疑。

There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved.4.由于貴國(guó)政府的提議，才得以這樣快的重新實(shí)現(xiàn)訪問(wèn)，這使我感到特別高興。

I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.5.由于現(xiàn)代世界的發(fā)展和近年來(lái)在單門(mén)學(xué)科狹窄前沿上的研究進(jìn)展，出現(xiàn)一些極其復(fù)雜的難題，單憑一兩人的力量是無(wú)法對(duì)它們進(jìn)行透徹研究的。

One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6.這種小型熱帶魚(yú)由于具有自行修復(fù)受損和患病的眼部細(xì)胞的獨(dú)特能力，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直為科學(xué)家所關(guān)注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes.7.不努力就不會(huì)成功。

One can never succeed without making great efforts.8.想到要出國(guó)深造，他激動(dòng)不已。

He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.9.如蒙早日寄來(lái)樣品或產(chǎn)品冊(cè)，將不勝感激。

I would appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forward to us.10.如能盡早回復(fù)，我將非常感謝。

I would appreciated it if you can reply as soon as possible.11.他本來(lái)在天津開(kāi)會(huì)，會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飛機(jī)回來(lái)。

He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjing.12.In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize the error.為保證最大的分辨率必須選用薄層，為使誤差最小必須選用厚層，實(shí)際上要權(quán)衡一下來(lái)選擇厚度。

13.在自然界找不到處于游離狀態(tài)的鋁，因?yàn)檫@種金屬總是和其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最普遍是跟氧結(jié)合（鋁和氧都有很強(qiáng)的親和力）。所以，鋁直到十九世紀(jì)才被人類(lèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Aluminum remained unknown until 19th century, because no free aluminum can be found in the nature, due to the metal can connected with other elements, most commonly with oxygen for aluminum and oxygen having strong affinity.14.It was to test the effect of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clipping from toenails, where heavy metal tend to be deposited.重金屬通常是富集在指甲內(nèi)，于是兩項(xiàng)新的研究比較了腳趾甲剪取物中的汞水平，以此來(lái)考察對(duì)比心臟的影響。

英漢語(yǔ)序差異

1.人體T細(xì)胞白血病病毒：human T-cell leukemia virus 2.國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序：a new international economic order 3.第五屆全國(guó)化學(xué)生物學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議：The 5th National Conference on Chemical Biology 4.Nation Academy of Sciences：國(guó)家科學(xué)院

5.Overview of GMP, Quality System and Compliance in the US：美國(guó)的GMP和質(zhì)量體系合規(guī)性概觀

6.common side effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer：治療癌癥的化療藥的一般副作用 7.這個(gè)通信衛(wèi)星可以在任何時(shí)間向任何地點(diǎn)有效的傳遞語(yǔ)音信號(hào)和數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)。

The communications satellite can send voice signal and data signal to any place at anytime.8.昨天在真空中進(jìn)行了這個(gè)反應(yīng)。

The reaction is carried out in a vacuum yesterday.9.中國(guó)南京江寧區(qū)龍眠大道639號(hào)。

639 Longmian Avenue, jiangning district, Nanjing, China 10.When the gene is activated, mice exhibit symptoms that mimic depression.基因被激活，小鼠表現(xiàn)出抑郁的癥狀。

11.The temperature is between 20-25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured.無(wú)論什么時(shí)候測(cè)量，實(shí)驗(yàn)室的溫度都保持在20-25度之間。12.無(wú)論出于固態(tài)，液態(tài)或氣態(tài)，水的化學(xué)成分都保持不變。

The chemical constituents of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state.13.SELDL-TOF-MS is a rapid and sensitive proteomic technique that has been applied to identify biomarkers in various diseases.14.由于甜椒中的親脂性成分，用極性洗脫液洗脫的甜椒樣品表現(xiàn)出更高的生物活性。

The sweet pepper samples eluted with polar eluents exerted high bioactivity due to their lipophilic component.15.該項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則隨后成為了全球公認(rèn)的評(píng)價(jià)口服固體劑型均勻度的非藥典測(cè)量方法。

動(dòng)態(tài)，靜態(tài)及名詞化

1． 地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化。

The rotation of earth its axis causes the change from day to night.2． 采用這種新裝置可以大大降低廢品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3． 為使物體克服慣性而運(yùn)動(dòng)，就需要一個(gè)力。A force is needed to move an object against inertia.4． 許多學(xué)貫中西的大師的經(jīng)歷證明，學(xué)不好母語(yǔ)的人，也不可能真正學(xué)好外語(yǔ)。

The experience of many great master well versed in the learning of both Chinese and Western cultures have shown that without a mastery of his native language, it is impossible for one to be truly at home with a foreign language.增詞減詞 增詞

1.After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.2.He said he’d come to the discussion.3.Her job was sweeping, scratching, cleaning.4.I could knit when I was seven.5.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.6.Because of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale, normally using steam as the heat source.7.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.8.During an EL Nino the pressures over Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal, which results in dry conditions or even droughts.9.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.10.The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.11.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons, neutrons and electrons.13.Air is a mixture of gases.14.Things in the universe are changing all the time.15.Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t.16.Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.17.The earth’s population is doubling, the environment is being damaged.18.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects.減詞

1.由于失業(yè)率增高，美元幣值下降，股票市場(chǎng)處于困境之中，經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題將是總統(tǒng)所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。With high unemployment, the low dollar and the distr stock market, the economy will be the president’s trail.2.你參加過(guò)花樣滑冰項(xiàng)目的比賽嗎？

3.陽(yáng)光會(huì)破壞牛奶一類(lèi)食品的維生素成分。

4.我們已經(jīng)從其他國(guó)家有計(jì)劃有選擇的進(jìn)口了一些成套的設(shè)備。5.應(yīng)探索各種途徑和手段促進(jìn)兒童語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展。

Various channels and ways should be explored to promote the language development of children.6.這家航空公司需要加強(qiáng)改進(jìn)和完善運(yùn)行機(jī)制。

The airline company should make intensive effort to change and improve.7.回顧過(guò)去病史，未發(fā)現(xiàn)感染反復(fù)發(fā)作。

8.今年我們?cè)谝M(jìn)工作方面又取得了重大成績(jī)。9.我們積極支持生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。

10.肯德基出了新品種的香辣雞翅。

11.抗氧化劑是某種存在于食品中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。Antioxidant is a chemical in food.12.這臺(tái)較復(fù)雜的電腦又能設(shè)計(jì)出一臺(tái)更為復(fù)雜的電腦，而且還可以一代代更加復(fù)雜精密的開(kāi)發(fā)，研制下去。This more complex computer could design one still more complex and soon…

句意反譯 肯定譯為否定

1． 這份說(shuō)明書(shū)不夠詳盡。The specification lacks details.2． 我們不應(yīng)該再把海洋當(dāng)成人類(lèi)的生活污水和工業(yè)污水的垃圾場(chǎng)了。We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.3． 精密儀器必須保持無(wú)塵。

Precise instrument must be keep free from the dust.4． 鐵箱能使地球磁場(chǎng)影響不了指南針。

An iron case will keep the Earth’s magnetic field away from the compass.5． 我們無(wú)權(quán)簽此合同。

It’s beyond our power to sign the contract.6． 他們公司在產(chǎn)品的包裝和宣傳上明顯比不上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

Their company is obviously inferior to their rival in product packing and davertisement.7.There are many other energy source in store.有很多能源尚未開(kāi)發(fā)。

8.In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.高海拔處冰雪常年不化。

9.As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.由于橡膠不導(dǎo)電，所以可以用作絕緣材料。

10.We have found your terms and conditions agreeable.我們對(duì)你的章程和條款沒(méi)有異議。

否定譯為肯定

1.The study of genetics will never be so all encompassing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology.遺傳學(xué)幾乎包含了從藥學(xué)到社會(huì)學(xué)的所有學(xué)科。

2.The advantages of nano-structured materials do no end here.納米材料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)一言難盡。

3.Until recently geneticists were not interested in particular gene.基因?qū)W家最近才開(kāi)始對(duì)特定基因感興趣。4.Don’t lose time in posting this letter.請(qǐng)及時(shí)送達(dá)這封信。

5.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced.憑票退押金。

6.It was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.這意味著這個(gè)設(shè)施需要按時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)。

7.Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。

8.These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃ 100℃可以殺滅細(xì)菌。

9.Its importance can’t be stressed too strongly.它的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過(guò)。

10.We don’t consider melting to be chemical changes.我們認(rèn)為熔化不改變化學(xué)成分。

11.The doctor do not expect that the patient with breast cancer will recover.醫(yī)生認(rèn)為乳腺癌患者康復(fù)機(jī)率小。

12.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.搬到一個(gè)新住處要越小心越好。

物稱(chēng)與人稱(chēng)

1.Pork has priced itself out of his dish.豬肉太貴，他吃不起。

2.Space does not allow us to further analyze this problem here.限于篇幅，我們不能在此對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做進(jìn)一步分析。3.By now optimism had given way to doubt.至此，人們不再盲目樂(lè)觀，而是疑惑重重。

4.Aminophylline does not share the usual objection to vasodilators.人們通常反對(duì)使用血管擴(kuò)張劑但并不反對(duì)使用氨茶堿。5.The exigency of the case admitted of no alternative.情況緊急，別無(wú)選擇。

6.It never occurred to me that she was dishonest.我從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)她不老實(shí)。

7.There was a strike participated in by five thousand workers.五千個(gè)工人參加了罷工。

8.“There is an increased level of anxiety disproportionate to the actual risk,” says Jerrold Bushberg, who directs programs in health physics at the University of California at Davis.“It’s the dose that makes the poison.It’s not a binary thing.”

人們的焦慮情緒日益強(qiáng)烈，但實(shí)際上人們并不需要如此擔(dān)憂，只有劑量夠大，才會(huì)把人毒死，并不是非此即彼。

9.The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are know.已知電壓和電流可以確定電阻。

10.Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.有人在此講了不該講的話

11.It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by moon.月亮影響潮汐規(guī)律。

12.突然間我想到了一個(gè)主意。

Suddenly I got an idea./Suddenly an idea struck me.13.不同的人對(duì)食物持不同的態(tài)度。

Different people have different attitude towards food./Attitudes toward food vary from person to person.14.人們一致認(rèn)為植物病毒不會(huì)感染動(dòng)物，反之亦然。

It has always been assumed that plant virus cannot infect animals and vice versa.15.Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria inn for lunch and later played an exhibition match.中國(guó)乒乓球隊(duì)在星期五早上參觀了坐落于安娜堡附近，擁有2200名學(xué)生的密歇根大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化校園，并在學(xué)校自助餐廳與學(xué)生一起進(jìn)餐，然后進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)表演賽。

16.There has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the United States from 34 per 1,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100,000 currently.據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)的胃癌死亡率一直在明顯地持續(xù)下降，從1930年的0.034%到目前的0.008%，但原因不明。17.The journey from embryonated egg to the ligase chain reaction has embraced an enormous amount of work involving tissue cell culture ,enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence ,and molecular techniques.從最早的雞胚（中分離得到衣原體）發(fā)展到用連接酶鏈鎖反應(yīng)（診斷衣原體感染），醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家們進(jìn)行了組織細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)、酶免疫測(cè)定、熒光反應(yīng)和分子技術(shù)等大量工作。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.Qinghao has been used to treat malaria in China for over 2000 years.在中國(guó)使用青蒿治療瘧疾已經(jīng)有2000多年歷史了。2.There problems must be solved before the tests start.考試開(kāi)始之前必須解決這些問(wèn)題。

3.Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.藥物，物理治療，外科手術(shù)可以治療疼痛。

4.The patient is questioned by a doctor about his present complaint and the date of the onset of the disease.醫(yī)生詢(xún)問(wèn)病人現(xiàn)在的情況以及疾病開(kāi)始的時(shí)間。

5.Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.一些元素和化合物可以從海水中直接提取出來(lái)。

6.While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.電線有電流通過(guò)后會(huì)發(fā)熱。

7.Weak magnetic field are know to come from the human body.已知人體會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的微弱的磁場(chǎng)。

8.Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the missile is to be designed.導(dǎo)彈設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要特別注意空氣阻力問(wèn)題。

9.It is claimed that soap powders polluted the water we drink.有人聲稱(chēng)肥皂粉污染了我們的飲用水源。10.心臟往往被看作是人體最重要的器官。

The heart is often regarded as the most important human organ.11.雄性Wistar大鼠20只隨機(jī)分成對(duì)照組和糖尿病組。male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly :control group and diabetes group.12.本文以前沒(méi)有發(fā)表過(guò)，目前也沒(méi)有考慮投寄其他雜志發(fā)表。

This paper has not been previously published, also not been considered in other journal at present.13.Replication is normally carried out by the A, B, or C family polymerases with high fidelity and high processivity.復(fù)制過(guò)程通常是由具有高保真性和高持續(xù)合成性的聚合酶家族A，B或C實(shí)施的。

14.The conflict between the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents against resistance bacteria in clinic and less development of new antibiotics should be resolved by the cooperations among enterprises , government and institutions.企業(yè)、政府和科研機(jī)構(gòu)之間的合作將是解決臨床對(duì)于治療耐藥菌感染的新型藥物的迫切需求與抗菌藥研發(fā)處于低谷之間矛盾的方法。or耐藥菌感染治療急需新型抗菌藥物，而抗菌藥物的研究開(kāi)發(fā)處于相對(duì)低谷,由此所產(chǎn)生的矛盾應(yīng)該由企業(yè)、政府與科研機(jī)構(gòu)合作解決。

15.Although an association between migraine and chest pain has been described, an association between migraine and coronary events has not been firmly established.雖然先前已有過(guò)關(guān)于偏頭痛和胸痛之間關(guān)聯(lián)的描述，但是偏頭痛和冠心病之間的關(guān)聯(lián)尚未確立。

漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主語(yǔ)句的英譯

1.弄不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。

If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.2.要了解中國(guó)，可以有很多視角。

There are different angles to approach China.3.學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。

Only by learning from the advances is it possible for one to catch up with and surpass them.4.與其說(shuō)海洋把陸地分開(kāi)，不如說(shuō)海洋把陸地連在一起。The ocean do not so much divide the world as unite it.5.從他家到公園很近。

It is only a stone’s throw from his house to the park.6.我的家鄉(xiāng)冬天很少下雪。It seldom snows in my hometown.7.可以采用各種方法使溫度下降。

We can take all sorts of measures to bring the temperature down.Various methods can be adopted to keep the temperature down.8.首先要保證產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。

The quality of the products must be guaranteed.9.操縱這些機(jī)器時(shí)必須小心。

Be careful when operating these machines.10.要著力解決經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的突出矛盾。

Efforts must be made to resolve the prominent conflicts in economic and social development.11.使用電子顯微鏡，能獲得大得多的放大倍數(shù)。

Much greater magnification can be obtained when electronic microscope is used.12.該項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中肯定困難很多。

There must be many difficulties in the experiment.13.沒(méi)有順利，無(wú)所謂困難；沒(méi)有困難，也無(wú)所謂順利。Without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa.14.對(duì)母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，根本不可能4個(gè)星期就學(xué)會(huì)漢語(yǔ)。

It is impossible for native English speakers to master Chinese in just four weeks.15.已經(jīng)決定幾個(gè)月后進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。

It has been decided that production should begin in a few months.16.建議采用中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的設(shè)備。

It is suggested that the equipment made in China be adopted.17.隨信附上我們新開(kāi)發(fā)產(chǎn)品的樣品。

Enclosed are samples of our newly developed products.定語(yǔ)從句

1.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。

2.Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.發(fā)燒是提問(wèn)高于正常的情況。

3.Essential hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found.原因不明的高血壓成為原發(fā)性高血壓。

4.The chemicals that make metabolism possible come from the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.使新陳代謝成為可能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)自我們呼吸的空氣、所飲的水和所吃的食物。

5.The body consists of a large number of organs, each of which has its own particular function to perform.人體由大量器官構(gòu)成，每種器官都有特殊的功能。

6.Glycogen is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.糖原儲(chǔ)存于肝，需要時(shí)以葡萄糖的形式釋放出。

7.Operation can be performed with acupuncture analgesia, which is a great contribution to the development of medical science.手術(shù)可用針刺痛法進(jìn)行，這對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展是一大貢獻(xiàn)。

8.The blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tissues.血流由小動(dòng)脈流入血管，在毛細(xì)血管血液把氧釋放給身體的細(xì)胞并從組織中排除廢物。

9.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我們知道由于貓的眼睛比人的眼睛能吸收更多的光線，所以可以在夜間看的清楚。10.The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.此病可發(fā)生于任何年齡，但以年輕的成年人常見(jiàn)。

11.Cancer should be suspected in persons who have any of these symptoms and signs for unaccountable causes and for an unreasonable period of time.如果病人具有任何這些癥狀和體征，病因又難以說(shuō)明，而且持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)懷疑癌癥。

12.Third world countries export their mineral deposit and tropical agriculture products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界國(guó)家出口礦物和熱帶農(nóng)作物以換取所需的外匯。13.The purpose for which electricity is used is numerous.電的用途是很多的。

14.Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.幸好，有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無(wú)煙的。

英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句

1.It was believed that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixed on the sound of the heart beat;if this is so, then the discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frightening new world outside.據(jù)說(shuō)，在母體發(fā)育期間，胎兒的注意力可能會(huì)集中于心跳的節(jié)律；如果是這樣，那么外界相似的聲音可能會(huì)對(duì)出生后的嬰兒產(chǎn)生鎮(zhèn)靜作用，特別是剛來(lái)到這陌生又可怕的新世界的嬰兒。

2.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risking destroying their hope , so that they may recover more slowly , or deteriorate faster , perhaps even commit suicide.研究表明，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生深信重病患者并不想知道他們的真實(shí)病情，冒著會(huì)毀滅他們希望的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)告知他們事實(shí)，會(huì)使他們恢復(fù)得更慢，或者會(huì)加速惡化，甚至導(dǎo)致自殺。

3.He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had been given a same name and different names that had been given to the same substance.同名不同藥，同藥不同名，由此造成的混淆，他都一一予以澄清。

4.It was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails,(where heavy metals tend to be deposited).因?yàn)橹亟饘偃菀自谀_趾甲富集，為了測(cè)試汞對(duì)心臟的影響，所以?xún)身?xiàng)新的研究比對(duì)了從腳趾甲上剪下的碎片中的汞水平。

5.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如說(shuō)一個(gè)46歲的男子----在與家人外出度假之前進(jìn)行常規(guī)身體檢查---盡管他自己感覺(jué)很好，但醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他患有某種癌癥，6個(gè)月內(nèi)會(huì)死亡，這時(shí)醫(yī)生該怎么對(duì)他講呢？

6.There is no more difference, but there is the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person ,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales , and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科學(xué)家的思維活動(dòng)和普通人的思維活動(dòng)之間存在著差別。這種差別就跟面包師或賣(mài)肉的人與化學(xué)家在操作方法上的差別一樣——前者用普通的秤稱(chēng)商品的重量，后者則用天平和精密的砝碼進(jìn)行艱難復(fù)雜的定量分析。其差別不過(guò)如此而已。

7.This hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often thwarted by diverse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.肺癌早期發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨后進(jìn)行外科治療，這可能是目前最有效的治療辦法，但這個(gè)希望由于肺癌生長(zhǎng)速度和方向等生物學(xué)特征不相同而破滅。

8.Over the periods the snakes’ saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.在演化的過(guò)程中，蛇的唾液——一種溫和、助消化的像人類(lèi)唾液一樣的液體——變成了甚至在今天也難以分析的毒液。

9.But scientists hope stem cells can be used to grow a range of tissues, from brain tissue to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s, in which brain cells are destroyed, to juvenile diabetes, in which key cells in the pancreas die off.但科學(xué)家希望干細(xì)胞能用來(lái)分化成一系列組織，如從腦組織到胰腺組織，用于治療由于腦細(xì)胞被破壞引起的疾病如帕金森病以及由胰腺關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞死亡引起的青少年糖尿病。