第一篇：選修六 unit4 reading 逐句翻譯

Unit 4

THE EARTH IS BECOMIG WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER?

全球在變暖——這會(huì)帶來什么影響嗎？

During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit.在20世紀(jì)期間，地球溫度大約升了華氏1度。That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.這個(gè)數(shù)值對(duì)你我來說很可能是無所謂的，但是，跟多數(shù)自然變化相比較而言，這卻是種快速的增長。So how has this come about and does it matter? 這種溫度的增長是怎么產(chǎn)生的呢，它要緊嗎？ Earth care’s Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.“關(guān)愛地球”組織的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究這些問題。

There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1)and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無疑問，地球是在變暖。但是全球變暖的原因是人為的呢，或者僅僅是一種自然現(xiàn)象呢？

All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒化石燃料（如煤、天然氣和石油等），從而引起了地球溫度的升高。Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.這個(gè)升溫過程的副產(chǎn)品就叫做“溫室”氣體，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。Dr Janice Foster explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the “greenhouse effect”..賈尼絲·福斯特博士解釋說：“你知道，有一種科學(xué)稱之為‘溫室效應(yīng)’的自然現(xiàn)象。This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth.這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生在大氣層中少量的氣體（如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸氣等）吸收太陽的熱量，因而，使地球變暖。

Without the‘greenhouse effect，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsciu cooler than it is.如果沒有這種‘溫室效應(yīng)’，地球的溫度將比現(xiàn)在的溫度還要低33攝氏度左右。So, we need those gases.因此，我們需要這些氣體。The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.而當(dāng)我們因?yàn)槿紵剂隙勾髿鈱又性黾恿舜罅款~外的二氧化碳時(shí)，問題就來了。It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.二氧化碳含量的增加意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起了全球溫度上升。

We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years.我們知道，在過去100~150年期間，二氧化碳的含量急劇增加了。It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.有一位名叫查爾斯·奎林的科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)把1957~1997年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含量做了精確的統(tǒng)計(jì)。He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million(see Graph 2)他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這些年里，大氣層中的二氧化碳含量從百萬分之三百一十五上升到百萬分之三百七十。

All scientists accept this data.所有科學(xué)家都接受這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他們還認(rèn)為，正是由于燃燒的化石燃料越來越多而導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。So how high will the temperature increase go? 那么溫度會(huì)到達(dá)多高呢？ Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.賈尼絲·福斯特博士說，在今后的100年里，全球變暖的量可能低到1~1.5攝氏度，但是也有可能高達(dá)5攝氏度。

However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise in completely different.然而，科學(xué)家們?cè)趯?duì)待這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度上卻是大不相同的。

On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe？一方面,福斯特博士認(rèn)為氣溫升高5度的趨勢(shì) 可能是一場(chǎng)大災(zāi)難。

She says, “ We can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious.” 她說“對(duì)于未來的氣候,我們不可能作出精確的預(yù)測(cè),但是那時(shí)的天氣可能是很糟糕的.”O(jiān)thers who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species.同意她的觀點(diǎn)的其他科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,全球變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面上升好幾米:也有人預(yù)言會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)暴、洪澇、干旱、饑荒、疫病和物種的絕滅.On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面,還有一些人,像科學(xué)家喬治·漢布利,反對(duì)上面的觀點(diǎn),他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中會(huì)有高含量的二氧化碳.They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他們預(yù)言說,變暖的情況不會(huì)很嚴(yán)重, 對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也不會(huì)太壞.In fact, Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.漢布利實(shí)際上是這樣說的: “二氧化碳含量的增加實(shí)際上是件好事。It will make plants grow quicker;crops will produce more;it will encourage a greater range of animals-all of which will make life for human beings better.”它使植物成長更快,莊稼產(chǎn)量更高,還會(huì)促進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長 一一所有這些都能改善人類的生活.”

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.溫室氣體繼續(xù)在大氣層中聚集.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量,在(未來)幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi),氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖.No one knows the effects of global warming.Does that mean we should do nothing? 沒有人知道全球變暖會(huì)帶來什么樣的影響.這是不是意味著我們就不必采取任何措施昵?Or, are the risks too great? 還是說,這樣不采取任何措施危險(xiǎn)性會(huì)很大呢?

第二篇：高中英語選修7課文逐句翻譯(人教版)（范文）

1.選修七Unit1 MARTY’S STORY馬蒂的故事

Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am “one in a million”.你好。我叫馬蒂·菲爾丁。我想你可能會(huì)說我是―百萬人中才有一個(gè)‖的那種人。In other words, there are not many people like me.換句話說，世界上像我這樣的人并不多見。You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people.你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身體非常虛弱，所以我不能像別人那樣快跑快步爬樓梯。In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture.再說，有時(shí)候我還會(huì)笨手笨腳、不小心摔掉東西，或磕碰到家具上。Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.不幸的是，大夫們不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很開朗樂觀，學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)身體的殘疾。My motto is: live one day at a time.我的座右銘是：活好每一天。

Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else.十歲以前，我跟其他人是一樣的。I used to climb trees, swim and play football.我常常爬樹、游泳、踢足球。In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup.說實(shí)在的，我過去常常夢(mèng)想我會(huì)成為職業(yè)球員，代表我們的國家參加世界杯足球賽。Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium.后來，我的身體開始變得越來越虛弱，以至于只能坐在體育場(chǎng)的長凳上欣賞足球了。In the end I went into hospital for medical tests.I stayed there for nearly three months.最后我到醫(yī)院去做了檢查，幾乎住了三個(gè)月的醫(yī)院。I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.我想我至少做過十億次檢查，這還包括一次他們從我的大腿上切下一片肌肉放在顯微鏡下觀察, Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.也沒人能夠確診這個(gè)病，因此很難知道將來會(huì)是個(gè)什么樣子。

One problem is that I don't look any different from other people.問題是我看上去跟平常人一樣。So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.因此，當(dāng)我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就會(huì)喘不過氣來，或者爬樓才爬到一半就得停下來休息。因此，上小學(xué)時(shí)有的孩子見了我這種情況就會(huì)笑話我。Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有時(shí)候我的身體太虛弱上不了學(xué)，因此落了許多功課。Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.每次缺課之后，我就覺得自己很笨，因?yàn)槲冶葎e人落后了。

My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me.我在中學(xué)時(shí)期的生活（比在小學(xué)時(shí)）要輕松多了，因?yàn)槲业耐瑢W(xué)開始接受了我的狀況。The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.還有些同學(xué)看不到我的內(nèi)心世界，但是我并不生氣，只是不去理會(huì)他們罷了。All in all I have a good life.總而言之，我生活得挺好。I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.我很高興我能做許多事情，比如寫作和電腦編程。My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.我有雄心壯志，長大后我要在開發(fā)電腦軟件的公司里工作。Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me.去年我發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦足球游戲，有一家大公司已經(jīng)決定從我這兒買走。I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.我的生活很充實(shí)，沒有時(shí)間閑坐著顧影自憐。As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets.除了同我的朋友一起去看電影和足球比賽，我還花很多時(shí)間和我的寵物在一起。I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise.我有兩只兔子、一只鸚鵡、一缸金魚和一只烏龜。To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.我得花大量時(shí)間來照顧這些寵物，但我覺得很值。I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.此外，我還有好多功課，特別是在病了一段時(shí)間之后。

In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.在許多方面，我身體的殘疾倒使我心理上變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更加獨(dú)立。I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it.我必須努力工作才能過上正常的生活，但這是值得的。If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.假如我有機(jī)會(huì)跟健康孩子講一句話，那么，這句話就是：身體殘疾并不意味著生活不美滿。So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either.因此，不要感到殘疾人可憐，或者取笑他們，也別不理睬他們。Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.要接受他們，給他們以鼓勵(lì)讓他們能像你一樣過得豐富多彩、充實(shí)美滿。

Thank you for reading my story.謝謝你們讀我的故事。Marty馬蒂 2.選修七Unit 1 A LETTER TO AN ARCHITECT致建筑師的一封信 Ms L Sanders桑德斯女士

Alice Major愛麗斯·梅杰 Chief architect總建筑師

Cambridge Street劍橋街 64 號(hào) Cinema Designs影院設(shè)計(jì)公司

Bankstown班克斯敦 44 Hill Street希爾街 44 號(hào) Bankstown班克斯敦 September, 200__200___ 年 9 月 24 日 Dear Ms Sanders, 親愛的桑德斯女士：

I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.今天我從報(bào)上了解到，您將成為班克斯敦新影院的建筑設(shè)計(jì)師。I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought about the needs of disabled customers.In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things: 我希望您不介意我寫信詢問您是否已考慮到殘疾顧客的需要尤其是以下幾點(diǎn)不知您是否考慮到了：

Adequate access for wheelchairs.為乘坐輪椅的人進(jìn)入電影院提供充分的便利。It would be handy to have lifts to all parts of the cinema.影院內(nèi)德各個(gè)部分都安裝電梯就會(huì)很方便。The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair to reach, and the doors be wide enough to enter.電梯的按鈕應(yīng)當(dāng)讓乘坐輪椅的人容易夠到，電梯門應(yīng)足夠?qū)?。In some cinemas, the lifts are at the back of the cinema in cold, unattractive places.在有些電影院里，（殘疾人專用）電梯設(shè)在影院背后陰冷而不顯眼的地方。As disabled people have to use the lifts, this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.由于殘疾人必須要使用這些電梯，這就使殘疾人感到比別的觀眾低一等。

Earphones for people who have trouble hearing.給聽力有障礙的人提供耳機(jī)。It would help to fit sets of earphones to all seats, not just to some of them.所有座位的旁邊都裝有耳機(jī)，而不是少數(shù)幾個(gè)座位，那會(huì)有幫助。This would allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area.這樣可以使那些聽力有缺陷的觀眾和那些聽力正常的朋友做在一起欣賞，而不是讓前者坐在一個(gè)特定的區(qū)域。Raised seating.抬高座位。People who are short cannot always see the screen.身材矮小的人常?？床坏狡聊弧o I'd like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily.所以我想建議影院后排的座位應(yīng)該比前排的高，這樣每個(gè)人都能很容易地看到銀幕。Perhaps there could be a space at the end of each row for people in wheelchairs to sit next to their friends.也許可以讓每一橫排的排頭都留出空位，以便坐輪椅的人坐在他們的朋友旁邊。

Toilets.廁所。For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.在影院入口處的附近安排廁所會(huì)讓殘疾人感覺更加方便。It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basement a long way from where the film is showing.只在里放映大廳很遠(yuǎn)的地下室為殘疾人安排一個(gè)廁所，這種做法會(huì)給他們帶來麻煩。And if the doors could be opened outwards, disabled customers would be very happy.如果廁所的門能設(shè)計(jì)成向外開，殘疾人會(huì)很高興。

Car parking.停車場(chǎng)。Of course, there are usually spaces specially reserved for disabled and elderly drivers.當(dāng)然還得專門為殘疾司機(jī)和老年司機(jī)安排停車場(chǎng)。If they are close to the cinema entrance and/or exit, it is easier for disabled people to get to film in comfort.當(dāng)如果這些停車場(chǎng)離影院出入口都很近，殘疾人就會(huì)很輕松地到達(dá)影院。

Thank you for reading my letter.I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.感謝您閱讀我的信，希望您能贊成我的建議。Disabled people should have the same opportunities as able-bodied people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignity.殘疾人應(yīng)當(dāng)和健全人有同樣的機(jī)會(huì)來欣賞電影，同時(shí)能保持自己的尊嚴(yán)。I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people.如果您設(shè)計(jì)的電影院能夠?yàn)闅埣踩颂峁┓奖?，那么，我相信許多人都會(huì)夸獎(jiǎng)您的電影院，It will also make the cinema owners happy if more people go as they will make higher profits!而且電影院的老板也會(huì)高興，因?yàn)橛懈嗟娜四軌蛉タ措娪傲耍麄兙湍苜嵏嗟腻X了。

Yours sincerely,此致敬禮 Alice Major 愛麗斯·梅杰

3.選修七Unit2 SATISFACTION GURANTEED包君滿意

Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.拉里·貝爾蒙特在一家生產(chǎn)機(jī)器人的公司里工作。Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot.最近，該公司要對(duì)一個(gè)家用機(jī)器人進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)將由拉里的夫人克萊爾來嘗試。

Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.克萊爾并不想把機(jī)器人留在家里，特別是在她丈夫離家三周的這個(gè)期間，但是克萊爾被拉里說服了。他說，機(jī)器人不會(huì)傷害她，也不會(huì)讓別人來傷害她。It would be a bonus.這樣會(huì)是個(gè)以外的收獲。However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.然而她初次見到機(jī)器人的時(shí)候就感到有點(diǎn)兒吃驚。His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.機(jī)器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一個(gè)人，而不像臺(tái)機(jī)器。He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.他雖然面部表情毫無變化，但是個(gè)子高大、相貌英俊，頭發(fā)平整，聲音低沉渾厚。

On the second morning Tony, wearing an apron, brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.第二天早晨，托尼戴著圍裙，給她端來了早餐，然后問她是否需要幫忙穿衣打扮。She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.她感到有點(diǎn)不好意思，很快就打發(fā)他走了。機(jī)器人如此通人性，這使她覺得心煩和害怕。

One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever.有一天，克萊爾說起，她覺得她自己并不聰明。Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.托尼則說，克萊爾一定是很不高興，才會(huì)說出這樣的話來?？巳R爾覺得，機(jī)器人會(huì)向她表示同情，這有點(diǎn)荒唐可笑。But she began to trust him.但是他開始信任托尼了。She told him how she was overweight and this made her feel unhappy.她告訴托尼她太胖了，這讓她很不高興。Also she felt her home wasn't elegant enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position.還有對(duì)于像拉里這樣很想提高社會(huì)地位的人來說，她的家也不夠高雅。She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.她跟格拉迪絲·克拉芬不一樣，格拉迪絲是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的有錢有勢(shì)的女人。

As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.托尼為讓克萊爾高興，答應(yīng)幫助她，使她變得漂亮，使她的家變的高雅大方。So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan.于是克萊爾從圖書館借來一堆書給托尼閱讀，或者說給他瀏覽一下。She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand.他驚奇地看著他的手指翻動(dòng)著書頁，忍不住伸出手來摸他的手指。She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin.他的手指甲和他那柔軟溫暖的皮膚使她感到大為驚異。How absurd, she thought.He was just a machine.她在想，這是多么可笑啊，他只不過是一臺(tái)機(jī)器呀！

Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore.托尼給克萊爾換了個(gè)發(fā)型，又改變了化妝風(fēng)格。As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.因?yàn)椴辉试S托尼陪克萊爾去商店，所以托尼就給她寫了一份購物清單。Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding.克萊爾進(jìn)城去買了窗簾、坐墊、地毯和床上用品。Then she went into a jewellery shop to buy a necklace.然后她去了一家珠寶店買項(xiàng)鏈。When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.柜臺(tái)售貨員對(duì)她很粗魯，她就打電話給托尼，讓售貨員同托尼講話。The clerk immediately changed his attitude.售貨員馬上就改變了態(tài)度。Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”.克萊爾對(duì)托尼表示感謝，并說他是個(gè)―可愛的人‖。As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過身去，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.克萊爾想，被格拉迪絲發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這多么難為情??！By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.從格拉迪絲臉上的那種有趣而又驚奇的神色來看，克萊爾知道，格拉迪絲認(rèn)為她有風(fēng)流韻事了。After all, she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony.畢竟格拉迪絲知道她的丈夫是拉里，而不是托尼。

When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair.克萊爾回到家里，坐在扶手椅上氣得直哭。Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be.格拉迪絲的一舉一動(dòng)都是克萊爾想模仿的?！癥ou can be like her,” Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.托尼告訴克萊爾說，你可以同格拉迪絲一樣，還建議克萊爾邀請(qǐng)格拉迪絲和她的朋友到家里來玩，時(shí)間就定在托尼離去和拉里回家之前的那個(gè)晚上。By that time, Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.托尼想在此之前將房子改裝得煥然一新。

Tony worked steadily on the improvements.托尼有條不紊地搞著裝修。Claire tried to help once but was too clumsy.克萊爾有一次想來幫忙。She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time.但是她太笨手笨腳了，竟從梯子上掉了下來。盡管托尼當(dāng)時(shí)在隔壁房間里，他還是及時(shí)趕過來把她接住了。He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body.他把她緊緊地?fù)г趹牙?，她感覺到了他身上有股暖氣。She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.她尖叫了起來，把他推開，跑回她的房里，那天她就再也沒有出來過。

The night of the party arrived.聚會(huì)的那天晚上來到了。The clock struck eight.時(shí)鐘敲響八點(diǎn)。The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room.客人馬上就要到來了?？巳R爾叫托尼到另一間房里去。At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her, bending his face close to hers.就在那一瞬間，托尼彎曲胳膊摟著她，彎下身去把臉貼近她的臉。She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她大叫一聲―托尼‖，然后聽到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說，明天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開心。Then the front door bell rang.就在這時(shí)，前門的門鈴響了。Tony freed her and disappeared from sight.托尼放開了她，消失得無影無蹤了。It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.也就在這時(shí)候，克萊爾才意識(shí)到托尼早就把前邊窗戶的窗簾拉開了。Her guests had seen everything!她的客人把這一切看得一清二楚。

The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine.克萊爾和她的房子、美食給女士們留下了深刻的印象。Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony.就在他們離開之前，克萊爾聽到格拉迪絲跟另外一個(gè)女人小聲地說，她從來沒見過像托尼這樣英俊的男人。What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!受到那些女士的妒忌，這該是多么甜美的勝利！She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.克萊爾也許并沒有她們那樣漂亮，但是她們中沒有任何一個(gè)人擁有這樣英俊的情人。

Then she remembered-Tony was just a machine.這時(shí)候，她記起來了——托尼只不過是一臺(tái)機(jī)器。She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.她高聲嚷著：―讓我獨(dú)自呆一會(huì)兒！‖ 就跑上床。She cried all night.哭了一個(gè)通宵。The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.第二天早晨開來一輛汽車，把托尼接走了。

The company was very pleased with Tony's report on his three weeks with Claire.公司對(duì)托尼同克萊爾相處三個(gè)星期的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告非常滿意。Tony had protected a human being from harm.托尼保護(hù)了一個(gè)人免受傷害，He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure.他使克萊爾沒有因?yàn)樗氖「卸鴤ψ约?。He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire's marriage.那天晚上，他拉開窗簾，讓其他女人看到了他和克萊爾在一起，他明白這么做對(duì)克萊爾的婚姻并不造成危害。But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt-you cannot have women failing in love with machines.但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得做一番改建——總不能讓女人和機(jī)器相愛吧。

4.選修七Unit2 A BIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC ASIMOV艾薩克·阿西莫夫傳

Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the Holy Bible and Shakespeare.艾薩克·阿西莫夫是美國的科學(xué)家兼作家。他寫過大約480本書，包括怪誕小說、科學(xué)和歷史方面的書，甚至還寫過有關(guān)《圣經(jīng)》和莎士比亞的書。But he is best known for his science fiction stories.但是，他最有名的作品是他的科幻小說。Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.阿西莫夫不僅有著超凡的想象力，使他能對(duì)未來世界進(jìn)行探索，而且還有著驚人的智力，使他能對(duì)現(xiàn)在的和過去的各種事物作出解釋。

Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920.阿西莫夫的一生從俄羅斯開始，他生于1920年1月2日； It ended in New York on 6 April, 1992, when he died as a result of an HIV infection that he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier.阿西莫夫的一生在紐約結(jié)束，他死于1992年4月6日。他是因?yàn)榫拍昵暗囊淮屋斞懈腥玖税滩《静《径ナ赖摹?/p>

When Asimov was three, he moved with his parents and his one-year-old sister to New York City.阿西莫夫三歲的時(shí)候，就隨同父母和年僅一歲的妹妹遷到紐約。There his parents bought a candy store which they ran for the next 40 or so years.在那兒，他的父母買下了一家糖果店，后來一直經(jīng)營了大約40年。At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant with her third child, Asimov started working part-time in the store.阿西莫夫九歲的時(shí)候，母親懷了第三個(gè)孩子，他就開始在糖果店里兼職工作了。He helped out through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a master's degree in chemistry.他讀中學(xué)和大學(xué)的那段時(shí)期都在糖果店里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他獲得化學(xué)碩士學(xué)位一年以后他才停止糖果店的工作。In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years.1942年，他在費(fèi)城海軍造船廠里擔(dān)任初級(jí)化學(xué)師，干了三年。In 1948 he got his PhD in chemistry.1948年他獲得了化學(xué)博士學(xué)位。The next year he became a biochemistry teacher at Boston University School of Medicine.第二年他在波士頓大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)院任生化教員。In 1958 he gave up teaching to become a full-time writer.1958年他放棄了教學(xué)工作成為專職作家。

It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious.早在阿西莫夫11歲的時(shí)候，他的寫作才華就已經(jīng)顯露出來了。He had told a friend two chapters of a story he had written.The friend thought he was retelling a story from a book.他把他寫的小說中的兩個(gè)章節(jié)念給一個(gè)朋友聽，這個(gè)朋友還以為他是在復(fù)述某本書上的故事呢。This really surprised Asimov and from that moment, he started to take himself seriously as a writer.這使阿西莫夫很驚訝。從那以后，他就開始認(rèn)真地從事寫作了。Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939.1939年，阿西莫夫開始在科幻雜志上發(fā)表故事，1950年他出版了自己他的第一部小說。In 1950 he published his first novel and in 1953 his first science book.1953年出版了他的第一部科學(xué)書籍。

Throughout his life, Asimov received many awards, both for his science fiction books and his science books.阿西莫夫一生中多次獲過獎(jiǎng)，既有科幻小說獎(jiǎng)，也有科學(xué)書籍獎(jiǎng)。Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy(1951-1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.在他那些最富盛名的科幻小說中，有本獲獎(jiǎng)的書叫做《基地》三部曲（1951-1953），有三個(gè)小故事，講的是未來銀河系中一個(gè)偉大帝國的滅亡與復(fù)興。It was loosely based on the fall of the Roman Empire but was about the future.基本素材取自羅馬帝國的衰敗，但講的是有關(guān)未來的事情。These books are famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework which was designed to show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future.這些書之所以有名，是因?yàn)榘⑽髂騽?chuàng)造了一種理論框架，用以闡述各種想法在未來可能會(huì)如何發(fā)展。He is also well known for his collection of short stories, I, Robot(1950), in which he developed a set of three “l(fā)aws” for robots.他的短篇小說集《我，機(jī)器人》（1950)也是享有盛名的。在這本書里他提出機(jī)器人的三大―原則‖。For example, the first law states that a robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.舉例來說，第一條原則就規(guī)定機(jī)器人不得傷害人類，也不能允許人類受到傷害。Some of his ideas about robots later influenced other writers and even scientists researching into artificial intelligence.他那些有關(guān)機(jī)器人的想法后來影響了其他的作者，甚至影響了那些從事人工智能研究的科學(xué)家們。

Asimov was married twice.阿西莫夫結(jié)過兩次婚。He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son and a daughter.他于1942年同他的第一任妻子結(jié)婚，生有一男一女。Their marriage lasted 31 years.這次婚姻持續(xù)了31年。Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.1973年離婚后不久，阿西莫夫又結(jié)婚了，但是他與第二任妻子沒有生育兒女。

5.選修七Unit 3 OLD TOM THE KILLER WHALE虎鯨老湯姆

I was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station.1902年6月，我開始在捕鯨站里工作，那時(shí)我才16歲。I had heard of the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales.在此之前我曾經(jīng)聽說過虎鯨每年幫助捕鯨人捕捉大鯨魚。I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.當(dāng)時(shí)我以為只是一個(gè)故事罷了，但是后來我親眼見過多次。

On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was I sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.有天下午我來到捕鯨站，正在找住處的時(shí)候，聽到從海灣那邊傳來一陣喧鬧聲。We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.我們及時(shí)趕到岸邊，看到對(duì)面有一個(gè)龐大的動(dòng)物猛力躍出海面，然后又墜落到水里。It was black and white and fish-shaped.But I knew it wasn't a fish.它黑白相間，樣子像魚，但我知道它并不是魚。

“That's Old Tom, the killer,” one of the whalers, George, called out to me.―那是老湯姆，是虎鯨?！晃唤袉讨蔚牟饿L人高聲對(duì)我說，“He's telling us there's a whale out there for us.” ―它是在告訴我們那邊有一頭鯨，叫我們?nèi)ゲ东C?！?/p>

Another whaler yelled out, “Rush-oo...rush-oo.” This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.另一位捕鯨人大聲喊叫，―快走啊……走啊?！@是宣告獵鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開始的呼聲。

“Come on, Clancy.To the boat,” George said as he ran ahead of me.―克蘭西，快上，上船去。‖喬治在我前面邊跑邊說。I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting, so even though I didn't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.我以前就聽說過，喬治不喜歡等人，所以盡管我還沒有穿上合適的衣服，就跟在他后面跑起來。

Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.一刻不停地，我們和其他捕鯨人都跳進(jìn)漁船，朝海灣方向駛?cè)ァ looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way.我朝水里望去，可以看到老湯姆就在漁船旁邊游著，為我們指路。A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.幾分鐘之后，湯姆不見了，于是喬治開始用槳拍打水面。湯姆出現(xiàn)了，轉(zhuǎn)回到船邊，又領(lǐng)著我們前往捕獵處。

Using a telescope we could see that something was happening.通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡，我們可以看到遠(yuǎn)處有情況發(fā)生了。As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.走近一看，原來是一頭大鯨受到約六、七條虎鯨的攻擊。

“What're they doing?” I asked George.我問喬治，―它們?cè)诟墒裁茨?？?/p>

“Well, it's teamworkpurples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.我首先注意到的是我周圍那些鮮艷的色彩——紫色、紅色、橘黃、明黃、藍(lán)色和綠色等。The corals were fantasticI even saw them get inside their mouths and clean their teeth!我也喜歡那些為大魚清潔身體的小魚——我甚至還看到這些小魚游進(jìn)大魚的嘴里去幫他們刷牙。It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight: the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth;a yellow-spotted red sea-slug was sliding by a blue sea-star;a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it.當(dāng)我用水下探照燈探索小石洞、巖石和狹窄通道的時(shí)候，似乎每個(gè)角落都有使我感到驚奇的東西等著我：黃綠相間的鸚嘴魚倒掛著，用它那像鳥一樣的硬嘴從珊瑚上吸吮微小植物；帶著黃斑點(diǎn)的紅色海蛞蝓從一個(gè)藍(lán)色的海星旁邊滑行過去；一只長相聰慧的大烏龜緊貼著我的身旁而過，我?guī)缀蹩梢悦剿恕?/p>

There were other creatures that I didn't want to get too close toI felt very exposed in such deep clear water.我的心急劇地跳動(dòng)著——在這樣深邃而清澈的海水中，我感覺我徹底曝光了。

What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there!這個(gè)水底下世界是多么美妙，多么漫無邊際！And what a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!而我在這個(gè)海洋的世界中又是多么渺小！

7.選修七Unit4 A LETTER HOME一封家信 Dear Rosemary, 親愛的羅斯瑪麗：

Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive.謝謝你的來信，這封信兩星期才到。It was wonderful to hear from you.收到你的信真是太高興了。I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在這兒的生活情況。因此，我在信中附有幾張照片，能夠幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。

You asked about my high school.你問起我的中學(xué)情況。Well, it's a bush school – the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.噢，它是一所叢林學(xué)校——教室是用竹子搭起來的，屋頂是用茅草蓋的。It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track.我只要沿著一條泥濘的小路步行幾分鐘就到學(xué)校了。When I reach the school grounds there are lots of ”good mornings“ for me from the boys.每當(dāng)我走到學(xué)校操場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，迎接我的是男孩子們一片―早上好‖的聲音。Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.他們中許多人走了很長的路，有時(shí)候要走兩個(gè)小時(shí)才能到學(xué)校。

There's no electricity or water and even no textbooks either!這里沒有電，也沒有水，甚至連課本也沒有！I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions.我還在努力適應(yīng)這兒的生活條件。However, one thing is for sure, I've become more imaginative in my teaching.但是有一點(diǎn)是肯定的，我在教學(xué)中變得更富有想象力了。Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments.理科對(duì)我來說是最富挑戰(zhàn)性的課，因?yàn)槲业膶W(xué)生對(duì)做實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有概念。In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket!實(shí)際上，根本沒有設(shè)備。如果需要水，我還得從家里用水桶提過來！The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!有一天，我正給孩子們做每周一次的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的演示，我還沒有明白怎么回事，混合劑就到處冒氣泡了！The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.男孩們以前從來沒有見過這種情況，嚇得都往窗外跳去。Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.有時(shí)候，我真想知道，化學(xué)對(duì)這些孩子究竟有多大的用處。他們中的大多數(shù)人學(xué)完八年級(jí)以后就要回到他們的村莊去了。To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.說實(shí)在的，我真的不知道我教的課是否會(huì)讓這些孩子的生活有所改變。

You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people.你問我是否了解當(dāng)?shù)氐睦习傩铡ell, that's actually quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet.這實(shí)在是太難了，因?yàn)槲疫€說不了幾句當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f的英語。But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and 1 did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.不過，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教師真的去訪問了一個(gè)村莊，那是我的學(xué)生湯貝的家。It was my first visit to a remote village.這是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。We walked for two and a half hours to get therethis shows it is a man's house.湯貝的父親叫莫卡普，他把我們帶到他的家里。這是一個(gè)低矮的竹屋，屋頂上伸出一簇茅草——它代表這間竹屋是男人住的。The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.屋子是圓的，不像學(xué)校那樣是長方形的。There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through.這里沒有窗戶，房門只夠一個(gè)人進(jìn)出。The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.小屋內(nèi)很黑，因此眼睛要過好一陣子才能適應(yīng)過來。Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.地上擺放著一堆新鮮的草，還新做了一個(gè)平臺(tái)，是供詹妮和我睡覺用的。Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us.通常齊亞克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我們一起睡在平臺(tái)上。Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut.莫卡普和湯貝則睡在竹屋另一邊的小床上。There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway.在竹屋中間靠近房門的地方有一個(gè)火爐。The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.我所看到的僅有的家具是一把掃帚，幾個(gè)錫盤和錫杯，還有兩個(gè)罐子。

Outside Mukap was building a fire.莫卡普在屋子外邊生火。Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it.火著起來后，他往火里扔了幾塊石頭。When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), corn and greens.燒熱以后，他把石頭放在一個(gè)空油桶里，加上一些考考（紅薯）、玉米和青菜，He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam.然后他用香蕉葉把這些蔬菜蓋上，等著它們蒸熟。I sniffed the food;it smelled delicious.我用鼻子嗅，食物聞起來很香。We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire.我們?cè)诜坷飮馉t坐下來吃東西。I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate the conversation.他們家里人輕聲細(xì)語地用自己的語言在交談。我很喜歡聽他們談話，盡管我不能加入他們的談話。Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.幸好，湯貝能給我們當(dāng)翻譯。

Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.后來，我發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)錫罐子倒放在火爐的烤架上。After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.過了一會(huì)兒，湯貝把它從門道里扔了出去。I was puzzled.我不懂為什么這么做。Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.湯貝告訴我說，罐子加熱是為了把里面的殘菜剩飯燒干。They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut.他們相信剩飯?jiān)谝雇頃?huì)引來邪靈，所以要把食物放在罐子里燒干，再把罐子一起扔到屋外去。Otherwise they don't waste anything.否則的話，他們是不會(huì)浪費(fèi)任何東西的。

We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.第二天早晨，經(jīng)過一番緊緊握手和道別之后，我們就離開了村莊。My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home.我們爬下山回家，往回走的時(shí)候，我的腿部肌肉發(fā)痛，膝蓋發(fā)抖。That evening I fell happily into bed.那天晚上我很開心，倒在床上就睡了。It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.跟湯貝一家度過了一天，真是一種殊榮。

It's getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow's lessons and do some paperwork.Please write soon.天色很晚了，我還得準(zhǔn)備明天的功課呢。請(qǐng)?jiān)缛諄硇?。Love Jo 愛你的，喬

8.選修七Unit 4 THE WORLD'S MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE 世界上最有用的禮物清單

Would you like to donate an unusual gift?你是否想要贈(zèng)送一份特殊的禮物？Then this is the catalogue for you.那么下面這份禮單供你參考吧。The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確有需要的人的一項(xiàng)生活上的無償捐助。

Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world's poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.從這份清單中選擇一份確實(shí)有用的禮物，送給世界上最窮苦的人吧。給急需幫助的社區(qū)帶去一份改善未來的希望吧。

When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.你選購一項(xiàng)禮物時(shí)，我們都會(huì)給你提供一張精美的卡片，讓你送給你的某個(gè)特殊的人。You can use the cards for any special occasion-weddings ,births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries, etc.這種卡片可以用在任何一種特殊的場(chǎng)合 —— 結(jié)婚、出生、生日、圣誕節(jié)、周年紀(jì)念等。

Gifts禮物

Cost(AUD)價(jià)值（澳元）A 20tree seedlings 20株樹苗 $5

B A loan to set up women’s self-help group組建婦女自助會(huì)的貸款 $8 C Water supply for one person一個(gè)人的用水 $10 DTraining in vegetable gardening蔬菜園藝培訓(xùn) $15

E Child vaccinations against 6 killer diseases預(yù)防六種兒童致命疾病的疫苗$20 F School books 學(xué)校用書$20

G Basic adult education 成人基礎(chǔ)教育 $25 H Basic health-care services 基本保健服務(wù) $30 I One year of primary schooling 小學(xué)一年的學(xué)費(fèi)

$35 J A goat for a poor family 資助困難戶一頭羊 $40 K A family toilet 家用廁具

$50 L Water for a family 一個(gè)家庭的用水 $65

M A loan to set up a small business 建一家小型企業(yè)的貸款

$85 N A sewing machine 一臺(tái)縫紉機(jī) $100

O Family nutritional supplements 家用營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)品 $130 P Oxen for ploughing 耕牛 $180 Q A trunk library 箱式圖書館

$200

R Assistance for families headed by children 對(duì)遺孤家庭的扶助金

$300 S A community primary school 社區(qū)小學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi) $500 T Village tractor 村莊拖拉機(jī)

$1000 U A well and water pump 水井和水泵

$1350 To致_______

To let you know that I am thinking of you, I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest.為了讓你知道我在想著你們，特從―世界上最有用的禮物清單‖中購得一份禮物，請(qǐng)你轉(zhuǎn)送給世界上最窮苦的人。

This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India, Kenya, or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods, and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment.這份禮物給印度、肯尼亞或孟加拉國約40戶人口的村莊，對(duì)他們進(jìn)行新的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方法的培訓(xùn)，并提供種子和簡單的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械。Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.僅僅提高20%的產(chǎn)量就意味著會(huì)對(duì)人的患病與健康、家庭饑餓與自足產(chǎn)生影響。From 來自______

9.選修七Unit 5 Keep it up, Xie Lei再接再厲，謝蕾 Chinese student fitting in well中國學(xué)生適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)

Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London.六個(gè)月前，謝蕾告別了她在中國的家人和朋友，登上了前往倫敦的飛機(jī)。It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.這是她第一次離開自己的祖國。”After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long.―拿到簽證后我很激動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲液芫靡郧熬蛪?mèng)想著能有這么一天，But I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect,“ 但是我又非常緊張，因?yàn)槲也恢牢宜谕氖鞘裁?。‖Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures.課間休息時(shí)我在學(xué)生餐廳碰到正排隊(duì)的謝蕾，她告訴我說.Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.謝蕾今年21歲，來我們大學(xué)上學(xué)，希望獲得工商管理資格證書。She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.大多數(shù)外籍學(xué)生在申請(qǐng)學(xué)位課程之前都要學(xué)習(xí)一年預(yù)科，而謝蕾已經(jīng)讀完半年了。Xie Lei highly recommends it.她非常看重預(yù)科課程?！盩he preparation course is most beneficial,“ she said.”Studying here is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.“她說：―預(yù)科課程非常有益。在這兒學(xué)習(xí)跟在中國學(xué)習(xí)是相當(dāng)不同的。你必須事前做些準(zhǔn)備?！?/p>

”It's not just study that's difficult.―困難不僅僅只在學(xué)習(xí)方面，You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning,“你還必須習(xí)慣一種全新的生活方式，在一開始的時(shí)候這就會(huì)占去你的全部精力，‖ explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China.謝蕾解釋說。她在中國時(shí)一直居住在同一座城市。She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again.她還告訴我，幾乎每件事她都得重新學(xué)習(xí)?！盨ometimes I felt like a child,“ she said.她說：―有時(shí)候我覺得自己像個(gè)小孩似的，”I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn't know the English for.我得學(xué)習(xí)如何使用電話，乘公交車時(shí)該怎樣付款，在商店買東西時(shí)如果不知道商品的英文名字時(shí)，又怎樣問店主。When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didn't always understand.當(dāng)我迷路不得不向過路人問路時(shí)，經(jīng)常聽不懂他們說的話。They don't talk like they do on our listening tapes,“ she said, laughing.他們說的話不像我們?cè)诼犃Υ艓下牭降哪菢?，‖謝蕾說著笑了。

Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice.謝蕾同房東一家人住在一起，他們給了她許多建議。Although some foreign students live in student accommodation or apartments, some choose to board with English families.雖然有些外國學(xué)生住在學(xué)生宿舍或公寓房里，但是有些學(xué)生選擇寄宿在英國人的家中。Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.有的房東家也許會(huì)住著其他大學(xué)生，跟這樣的人家住在一起會(huì)給她提供機(jī)會(huì)，更好地了解新的文化?！盬hen I hear an idiom that I don't understand, I can ask my host family for help,“ explains Xie Lei.―當(dāng)我聽到我不理解的成語時(shí)，我可以向房東家里的人請(qǐng)教，‖謝蕾解釋說。”Also, when I miss my family, it's a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.“ ―還有，當(dāng)我想家的時(shí)候，房東家就是我家的替身，和他們?cè)谝黄鸾o了我很大的安慰?！?/p>

Xie Lei's preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university.謝蕾的預(yù)科課程幫助她熟悉了西方大學(xué)里在學(xué)術(shù)方面的要求?！盜 remember the first essay I did for my tutor,“ she told me.她對(duì)我說：―我還記得我交給導(dǎo)師的第一篇論文?！盜 found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed.我在網(wǎng)上找到一篇文章，看來跟我所需要的信息恰好一樣。So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in.于是我就那篇論文寫了一篇小結(jié)性的文章，修改了草稿，然后交給了導(dǎo)師。I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E.我原以為我會(huì)得到高分的，結(jié)果只得了一個(gè)E。I was numb with shock!我非常吃驚！So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision.于是去找導(dǎo)師理論，想換個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。First of all, he told me, I couldn't write what other people had said without acknowledging them.他告訴我說，首先，我不能把別人的話寫下來而不表示感謝。Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing.此外，他認(rèn)為，別人的想法并不是最重要的。He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.他想要知道的是我所想的是什么。這倒把我弄糊涂了，因?yàn)樵撐淖髡咚赖谋任叶嗟枚?。My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse what I read.導(dǎo)師給我解釋說，我得閱讀大量的、有關(guān)不同觀點(diǎn)的文章，并進(jìn)行分析。Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors.然后，在我的論文中，我得表明我自己的觀點(diǎn)，并且引用別的作者的觀點(diǎn)來說明為什么我相信我的觀點(diǎn)。Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I'd read!最后，他甚至鼓勵(lì)我反駁我讀過的那些作者的觀點(diǎn)！At first I lacked confidence, but now I'm beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved.More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.“起初，我缺乏信心這樣做，而現(xiàn)在我開始懂得了，我的分?jǐn)?shù)也已經(jīng)有所提高了。更重要的是，我現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)自主學(xué)習(xí)者?！?/p>

Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal.謝蕾告訴我說，現(xiàn)在她在英國感到自在多了。以前看似很奇怪的事，如今覺得似乎很正常了?！盜've just got one more thing to achieve.―我還有一件事要做，I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.我一直忙于學(xué)習(xí)，以至于沒有時(shí)間去參與社會(huì)活動(dòng)。I think it's important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I'm going to join a few clubs.我認(rèn)為在學(xué)習(xí)與社會(huì)生活之間的平衡也是很重要的，所以我打算參加幾個(gè)俱樂部，Hopefully I'll make some new friends."我希望會(huì)結(jié)識(shí)一些新朋友。‖

We will follow Xie Lei's progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise.關(guān)于謝蕾的進(jìn)步，我們將在今后幾期的報(bào)紙中做跟蹤報(bào)道。同時(shí)我們衷心祝愿她學(xué)業(yè)有成。She deserves to succeed.她是應(yīng)該取得成功的。

10.選修七Unit 5 PERU秘魯

Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America.秘魯是南美洲臨太平洋海岸的一個(gè)國家。It has three main geographical areas: 從地理上講，秘魯有三大地區(qū)：a narrow coastal belt;the Andes Mountains running parallel to the coast;and high, flat plains in the southeast.狹長的臨海地帶，與海岸平行的安第斯山脈以及東南部地勢(shì)較高的平原地區(qū)。In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.在高原地區(qū)有的的喀喀湖，這是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.秘魯有著多種多樣的植物，從沙漠中的草到大片的叢林。

Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire, much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards.秘魯曾經(jīng)是強(qiáng)盛而極為富裕的印加帝國的中心，從16世紀(jì)起，南美洲許多地區(qū)都是由西班牙統(tǒng)治的。Peru finally gained its independence from Spain in 1821.秘魯最終于1821年脫離西班牙而獨(dú)立。The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on the coast.秘魯?shù)氖锥际抢R，位于北部的臨海地區(qū)。The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco, is found high in the Andes.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)古印加帝國的首都庫斯科位于安第斯的高山之上。It is a popular tourist destination as it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.這兒是旅游的熱點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗x馬丘比丘城著名的印加遺址很近。Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns, where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen.庫斯科有許多旅店和酒吧，是一座富有活力的城市，在那兒你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化藝術(shù)。

1.Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?為什么庫斯科是旅游人士喜歡去的地方？ 2.What is special about Lake Titicaca?的的喀喀湖有什么特色？

3.What do you think the two official languages of Peru are?你認(rèn)為秘魯有哪兩種官方語言？ TRAVEL PERU秘魯旅游

Peru offers a variety of experiences from ancient ruins and centuries-old Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline.秘魯提供豐富的旅游資源，從古代的遺址、具有數(shù)百年歷史的西班牙式的村莊，到茂密的森林、聳立的高山和臨海的沙漠TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes.―秘魯之旅‖為各種年齡和品位的人提供旅游服務(wù)。The following tours are based at Cuzco, the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.。下列旅游項(xiàng)目都是從庫斯科出發(fā)，庫斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。Tour 1旅游路線1

Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up.體驗(yàn)叢林，近距離觀賞種類繁多的野生生物。During this four-day walking tour, you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike.在四天的徒步旅游中，山區(qū)的風(fēng)景和步行途經(jīng)的古代遺址將會(huì)令你嘆為觀止。On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes.最后一天到達(dá)馬丘比丘遺址，正好趕得上去安第斯山上觀看日出。Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the train back to Cuzco.白天參觀古印加城的遺址，然后乘火車返回庫斯科。Tour 2旅游路線2

A full-day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highland countryside.全日乘車旅游，從庫斯科到普諾，觀賞高原鄉(xiāng)村的秀麗景色。From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at the floating islands of the Uros people.再從普諾乘船穿過的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在烏羅族人的浮島上。These floating islands and the Uros Indian's houses are made of the water plants that grow in the lake.這些浮島和烏羅印第安人的房子都是用湖里的水草做成的。A full-day stay with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life.有一整天的時(shí)間待在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦募依?，這樣你會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)更多地了解他們的生活。Return to Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.第四天返回普諾，再乘飛機(jī)返回利馬。

Tour 3旅游路線3

Spend four days high in the-Andes at Cuzco.在庫斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天，Learn about its history and visit the museums.了解它的歷史，參觀博物館。Admire the Spanish architecture, enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets.觀賞西班牙式的建筑，品嘗西班牙美味，好好逛逛五顏六色的市場(chǎng)，花些時(shí)間討價(jià)還價(jià)買點(diǎn)紀(jì)念品。Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.乘火車去馬丘比丘，由導(dǎo)游陪同去參觀遺址和印加國王的皇家墓地。Tour 4旅游路線4

A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle.從庫斯科乘飛機(jī)作短途飛行，從安第斯山到亞馬孫河叢林的低地。From here you'll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve, which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area.從這里可以乘船到森林保護(hù)區(qū)的接待站。這個(gè)護(hù)林區(qū)保持著一項(xiàng)觀鳥記錄，即在一個(gè)地區(qū)可以看到最多的鳥類。From the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.你還可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下，從接待站出發(fā)去叢林探險(xiǎn)。

第三篇：岳陽樓記逐句翻譯

《岳陽樓記》范仲淹

慶歷四年春，滕子京謫守巴陵郡。越明年，慶歷四年的春天，滕子京降職到岳州做知州。到了第二年，政通人和，百廢具興。乃重修岳陽樓，增其舊制，政事順利，百姓和樂，各種荒廢的事業(yè)都興辦起來了，于是重修岳陽樓，擴(kuò)大它舊時(shí)的規(guī)模。

刻唐賢今人詩賦于其上。屬予作文以記之。

把唐代和當(dāng)今名家賢士的詩詞刻在它上面。他囑咐我寫一篇文章來記述重修岳陽樓這件事。

予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞廷一湖。銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長江，我看那巴陵的勝景，就在洞庭湖上。它包含著遠(yuǎn)方的山脈，吞吐著長江的江水，浩浩湯湯，橫無際涯；朝暉夕陰，氣象萬千。此則岳陽樓

浩浩蕩蕩，寬闊無邊，早上湖面映著日光，傍晚又是一片陰暗，早晚陰晴變化，景象變化萬千。這就是岳陽樓

之大觀也。前人之述備矣。然則北通巫峽，的雄偉景象。前人的記述很詳盡了。既然這樣，那么這里向北通向巫峽，南極瀟湘，遷客騷人，多會(huì)于此，向南直到瀟水和湘水，降職遠(yuǎn)調(diào)的人和詩人，大多在這里聚會(huì)，覽物之情，得無異乎？

他們看了自然景物而觸發(fā)的感情，怎能不有所不同呢？ 若夫霪雨霏霏，連月不開，陰風(fēng)怒號(hào)，像那連綿的雨紛紛而下的時(shí)候，整月不放晴，陰冷的風(fēng)怒吼著，濁浪排空；日星隱耀，山岳潛形；商旅不行，渾濁的波浪，沖向天空；太陽和星星隱藏了光輝，山岳也隱沒了形跡；商人、旅客無法通行，檣傾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎嘯猿啼。

桅倒下，槳折斷；傍晚時(shí)分，天色昏暗，只聽到老虎的吼叫和猿猴的悲啼。登斯樓也，則有去國懷鄉(xiāng)，憂讒畏譏，這時(shí)候登上這座樓，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生離開國都，懷念家鄉(xiāng)，擔(dān)心人家說壞話，懼怕譏諷的心情，滿目蕭然，感極而悲者矣

滿眼蕭條的景象，感慨到了極點(diǎn)而十分悲傷。至若春和景明，波瀾不驚，上下天光，一碧萬頃；

又如春風(fēng)和煦陽光明媚的時(shí)候，沒有波平浪靜，上下天色湖光相接，一片碧綠，廣闊無際。

沙鷗翔集，錦鱗游泳；岸芷

沙洲上的白鷗時(shí)而飛翔，時(shí)而停歇，美麗的魚兒在泳來泳去，岸上的小草，汀蘭，郁郁青青。而或長煙一空，皓月千里，小洲上的蘭花，香氣濃郁，顏色青翠。有時(shí)大片煙霧完全消散，皎潔的月光 一瀉千里，浮光躍金，靜影沉璧，有時(shí)候湖面上浮動(dòng)的光閃著金色，有時(shí)候湖面上靜靜的月影像沉下的玉璧，漁歌互答，此樂何極！登斯樓也，則有

漁夫的歌聲一唱一和，這樣的快樂哪有窮盡！這時(shí)候登上岳陽樓，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生 心曠神怡，寵辱偕忘，把酒臨風(fēng)，心胸開闊，神情愉悅，榮耀和屈辱一并忘了的心情，清風(fēng)吹拂中端起酒來喝，其喜洋洋者矣。

那心情快樂極了，高興極了。

嗟夫！予嘗求古仁人之人心，或異二者之為，唉！我曾經(jīng)探求過古代的品德高尚的人的思想，或許不同于（以上）兩種心情，何哉？不以物喜，不以已悲；居廟堂之高

這是什么原因呢？不因外物（好壞）和自己（得失）而或喜或悲；在朝廷做官，則憂其民；處江湖之遠(yuǎn)則憂其君。

就會(huì)擔(dān)憂（他的）百姓，不在朝廷做官（處在僻遠(yuǎn)的江湖間），就擔(dān)憂君主，是進(jìn)亦憂，退亦憂。然則何時(shí)而樂耶？

這樣在朝做官是憂，不在朝做官也是擔(dān)憂。既然這樣，那什么時(shí)候才快樂呢？ 其必曰“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”乎？

那一定要說“在天下人憂之前先憂，在天下人樂之后才樂” 吧？

噫！微斯人，吾誰與歸？

??！如果沒有這種人，我同誰一道呢？

第四篇：高中英語選修8課文逐句翻譯(人教版)

1.選修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亞

California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加州是美國第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個(gè)州。它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.這些移民的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以及語言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.當(dāng)你了解了加利福尼亞的歷史，你就不會(huì)對(duì)其文化的多樣性感到驚奇了。NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.最早一批人具體是什么時(shí)候來到我們現(xiàn)在了解的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的, 誰也說不清楚。However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這些遷居者通過一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.歐洲人在16世紀(jì)到來這里之后，土著人遭受了極大的苦難。Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.成千上萬人被殺或被迫成為奴隸。In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.另外, 歐洲人帶來的疾病，使許多人染病而死。However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.不過，還 1 是有一些人經(jīng)歷了這些恐怖時(shí)期而活下來了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。

THE SPANISH西班牙人

In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.在18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，加利福尼亞是被西班牙統(tǒng)治的。Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.西班牙士兵最早是在16世紀(jì)初期來到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，奪去了他們的土地。Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以后, 西班牙人在南美洲大部分地區(qū)定居下來，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱之為美國的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來。Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加利福尼亞州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原住居民傳授天主教。In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.1821年,墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨(dú)立。California then became part of Mexico.加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.1846年美國向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，美國贏得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國。However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.但是,這個(gè)州至今仍然保留著很強(qiáng)的西班牙文化的影響。That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.這就是為什么今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的緣故。RUSSIANS俄羅斯人

In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.在19世紀(jì)初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開始在加利福尼亞定居下來。Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.今天，住在舊金山及其周邊地區(qū)的美籍俄羅斯人大約25，000人。GOLD MINERS金礦工

In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.1848年,美墨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后不久,在加利福尼亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦。The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.發(fā)財(cái)夢(mèng)很快就吸引了來自世界各地的人。The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.距離最近因而來的最早的是南美洲人和美國人，Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.隨后跟著來的有歐洲和亞洲的探險(xiǎn)家。In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.事實(shí)上, 很少有人圓了發(fā)財(cái)夢(mèng)。Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.許多人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，大多數(shù)人仍然留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，在新的城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)場(chǎng)里定居下來。By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候, 它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會(huì)了。

LATER A RRIVALS后來的移民

Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.雖然中國移民在淘金熱期間就開始來到（美國），3 但是更大批量的中國移民卻是在十九世紀(jì)六十年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.今天,加利福尼亞州各地都有美藉華人居住,盡管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和舊金山的―中國城‖里。Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.十九世紀(jì)后期，其他國家的移民，比如意大利人來到加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有些釀酒工人。In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年丹麥移民建立了他們自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍保留著丹麥文化。By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.到了二十世紀(jì)二十年代，電影產(chǎn)業(yè)在加利福尼亞州的好萊塢建立了起來。The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.這個(gè)行業(yè)吸引了許多歐洲人包括許多猶太人。Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國占第二位。Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.日本的農(nóng)民是在20世紀(jì)初期開始到加利福尼亞來的,而從20世紀(jì)80年代以來就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.非洲人從19世紀(jì)就在加利福尼亞住下來，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來的。However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.然而更多的非洲人在1942年到1945年之間來到加利福尼亞的，當(dāng)時(shí)他們是到船廠和飛機(jī)廠工作的。MOST RECENT ARRIVALS最近期的移民

In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.在最近幾十年里,加利福尼亞成了亞洲人的家,包括柬埔寨人、朝鮮人、越南人和老撾人。Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.從20世紀(jì)70年代開始發(fā)展計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)以來，加利福尼亞又吸引了印度人和巴勒斯坦人的到來。

THE FUTURE未來展望

People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California世界各地的人，由于受氣候條件和生活方式的吸引,仍然在繼續(xù)遷入加利福尼亞。.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人們認(rèn)為, 要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。

2.選修八Unit 1 GEORGE’S DIARY喬治的日記 12TH—14TH JUNE

Monday 12th, June6月12日,星期一

Arrived early this morning by bus.Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.清晨乘公共汽車抵達(dá)，直赴飯店，放下行李，洗澡、刮臉，即去觀光。Then went exploring.First thing was a ride on a cable car.From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.先是乘纜車，在山頂攬勝，觀看舊金山灣及整個(gè)城市。Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.纜車系 5 統(tǒng)建立于1873年，是由安德魯·哈利迪發(fā)明的，他試圖找到一種比馬拉的軌道車更好的交通方式。Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.他曾經(jīng)看到過一次可怕的交通事故：一輛馬車剎車失靈，駕車失控，車子和馬一起從山上滑了下去，很明顯這讓他受到了極大的震驚。

Had a late lunch at Fisherman's Wharf.午餐是在漁人碼頭吃的，吃得很晚。This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry.意大利漁民在19世紀(jì)末首先來到這個(gè)地區(qū)，并且在這兒開始捕魚業(yè)。Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.如今這兒是一個(gè)旅游區(qū)了，很多商店、海鮮館和面包坊。It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.這兒也是乘渡船去天使島和海灣其他地方的渡口。Did so much exploring at Fisherman's Wharf.Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else.Early bed tonight!在漁人碼頭看了這么多東西，我太累了，什么也不想干了。今晚要早點(diǎn)睡覺!Tuesday 13th, June 6月13日 星期二

Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri)and hired a car.同酒店里的一對(duì)夫妻(彼得和泰莉)作伴，一起租了一輛小汽車。Spent all day driving around the city.一整天驅(qū)車游覽城市。There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.有一種專門為旅游者選定的駕車游活動(dòng)。It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.車身上有藍(lán)白兩色相間的標(biāo)記，上面有海鷗以表示要去的路線。It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.這是一次79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。Stopped many times to admire the view of the 6 city from different angles and take photographs.途中多次停車，從不同角度欣賞城市風(fēng)景并攝影。Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.現(xiàn)在有對(duì)城市的面貌有了一個(gè)很好的了解。

In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri.傍晚，跟彼得和泰莉一起去中國城。Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s.中國移民于19世紀(jì)50年代定居在這個(gè)地區(qū)。The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China.建筑物面前裝飾得就像在中國南部地區(qū)的古建筑一樣。Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.這兒看到了一些有趣的寺廟，不少的集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)和大量的餐館，還有美術(shù)館和一個(gè)博物館。Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening.博物館里有關(guān)于中國移民史的文件、照片和各種各樣的物品，但是晚上關(guān)門了。Will go back during the day.Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.打算白天再來。吃了一頓可口的飯菜，然后步行下山回到酒店。Wednesday 14th, June6月14日星期三

In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge.早晨，從舊金山灣的港口乘渡輪去天使島，路上觀賞了金門大橋。From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.從1882年至1940年，天使島成為一個(gè)著名的移民站，許多中國人在那兒申請(qǐng)美國居住權(quán)。The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.移民站的房間又冷又潮濕，一些房間甚至沒有光，但是移民們沒有其他去處。Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather 7 than justice and freedom to them.悲慘的境遇對(duì)他們來說似乎是一種懲罰而談不上公正和自由。They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.他們?cè)趬ι蠈懺?，抒發(fā)孤獨(dú)的情感，痛惜以前在中國的生活。In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.1940年民政部門改革了制度，使得更多的中國人能夠得到機(jī)會(huì)定居美國。Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.這引起我的感慨，使我對(duì)今天的生活感到欣慰。

3.選修八Unit2 CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?克?。核鼘盐覀円蚝畏剑?/p>

Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.克隆一直與我們同在，而且它還要持續(xù)下去。It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.這是一種用來生產(chǎn)與原型完全相同的動(dòng)植物的方法。It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.當(dāng)園藝師從生長著的植物上剪下枝條來培植新植物時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動(dòng)物身上，從同一個(gè)原生卵子產(chǎn)生性別和相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.實(shí)際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。

Cloning has two major uses.克隆技術(shù)有兩大用途。Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants.第一，園藝師一直用它生產(chǎn)大量的供商用的植物； Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.第二，它在對(duì)新植物物種的研究以及在對(duì)動(dòng)物的醫(yī)學(xué)研究方面都是很有價(jià)值的。Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very 8 complicated.It is a difficult task to undertake.克隆植物簡單，但克隆動(dòng)物就比較復(fù)雜了，是一項(xiàng)很難完成的任務(wù)。Many attempts to clone mammals failed.克隆哺乳動(dòng)物的多次嘗試都失敗了。But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是，科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報(bào)，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊―多莉‖的誕生。The procedure works like this:它的程序如下圖（略）所示： 1.母羊（甲）提供一個(gè)卵細(xì)胞。2.在卵細(xì)胞中取出細(xì)胞核。3.卵細(xì)胞準(zhǔn)備接受新的細(xì)胞核。

4.母羊（乙）提供一個(gè)供克隆的軀干細(xì)胞，該細(xì)胞應(yīng)包含有生產(chǎn)一頭新羊所需要的全部基因。

5.取出該細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核。

6.用電把母羊（乙）的軀干細(xì)胞核和母羊（甲）的卵細(xì)胞連接起來。7.細(xì)胞分裂并生長成胚胎。

8.把胚胎置入另外一頭寄生的母羊（丙）體內(nèi)，母羊（丙）就是克隆羊的代孕。9.這頭小羔羊就是母羊（乙）所提供的細(xì)胞核克隆而成的。

On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep.一方面整個(gè)科學(xué)界都在關(guān)注著首例成功的克隆動(dòng)物多莉羊的成長。The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.多莉看來是在正常地成長著，這很令人鼓舞。Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究看來的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們 9 很沮喪。Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.可悲的是，多莉只活了六年半，這是它的原型羊壽命的一半。Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice.可悲的是，同樣無法控制的命運(yùn)也在影響著其他物種，如克隆鼠。The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? 科學(xué)家們的腦海里產(chǎn)生的問題是―這是不是所有克隆動(dòng)物的一個(gè)主要困難呢？Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?” 這種現(xiàn)象會(huì)不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)生？如果改進(jìn)研究程序，問題會(huì)不會(huì)解決呢？‖

On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面，多莉羊的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)，對(duì)媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。It became controversial.It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.它引起了爭(zhēng)議，因?yàn)樗黄拼蜷_了人們的眼界，看到了有可能利用克隆技術(shù)來治療重病，甚至還有可能克隆出人類。

Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細(xì)胞很難獲得，報(bào)紙報(bào)道說，有些邪惡頭目希望把自己克隆出來以實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的野心。Religious leaders also raised moral questions.宗教領(lǐng)袖還提出了道德方面的問題。Governments became nervous and more conservative.各國政府惶恐不安而且更加謹(jǐn)慎。Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.有些政府開始改革司法制度，明令禁止進(jìn)行克隆人類的研究，但是 10 其他國家，如中國和英國，則仍然在繼續(xù)收集克隆技術(shù)有可能提供豐富的醫(yī)療救助的證據(jù)。However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫?duì)克隆技術(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向哪里感到困惑。

4.選修八Unit2 THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS?恐龍的回歸？

The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals has always excited film makers.克隆兇猛和滅絕的野生動(dòng)物的可能性一直使電影制片商感到興奮。And they are not the only ones!然而他們并不是唯一對(duì)此感到興奮的人。The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts.在《侏羅紀(jì)公園》這部影片中，有一位科學(xué)家克隆了好幾種不同的絕種恐龍。類似這樣的電影很受歡迎，證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals.但事實(shí)上，想要克隆絕種動(dòng)物，我們還要很長的路程要走。Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals.科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行克隆哺乳動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)，This is because the cloning of mammals is still a new science and its story only began seriously in the 1950s as this list shows:這是因?yàn)榭寺〔溉閯?dòng)物仍然還是一門新的科學(xué)，它是從20世紀(jì)50年代才開始進(jìn)行認(rèn)真研究的，如下表所示：

1950s cloning of frogs 1996 first clone of a mammal: Dolly the sheep 1970s research using the embryos of mice

2000 cow gave birth to a bison 1979 work on embryos of sheep and mice 2001 China's first cloned twin calves 1981 first experimental clones of mice 2002 first cloned cats 11 1983 first experimental clones of cows

2005 first cloned dog

From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.不時(shí)地會(huì)有人提議，克隆技術(shù)將有可能使地球上已經(jīng)消失的動(dòng)物（如恐龍）復(fù)活。Unfortunately, with what we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable.There are many reasons.不幸的是，據(jù)我們現(xiàn)在所知這是不可能的，也是不合適的。其原因有很多：

◎ The initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA(which gives information for how cells are to grow).首先要求你有完好的DNA，以提供有關(guān)細(xì)胞將如何生長的信息。

◎ All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.如果某個(gè)動(dòng)物群體沒有足夠的多樣性以戰(zhàn)勝疾病，那么克隆這種動(dòng)物的所有努力都將是無用的。Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.群體的多樣性是指這群動(dòng)物的基因要以不同的方式排列。The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病，這類動(dòng)物中的一些可能會(huì)死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.Then none of them would be 12 left to continue the species.經(jīng)過克隆的動(dòng)物群體的最大缺點(diǎn)是：它們的基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它們有可能會(huì)死于同一種疾病，這樣它們也可能一個(gè)也留不下來傳種接代了。

◎ It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.你如果克隆出任何絕種動(dòng)物，而它們必須生活在動(dòng)物園里那是不公平的。A suitable habitat would be needed for them to lead a natural life.它們需要適當(dāng)?shù)臈⒌剡^正常的野生生活。

Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.就我們現(xiàn)在所知，你不可能克隆那些已經(jīng)絕種了一萬年以上的動(dòng)物。Actually, dinosaurs disappeared 65,000,000 years ago.事實(shí)上恐龍?jiān)?，500萬年以前就已經(jīng)消失了，So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream.所以說恐龍回歸地球的可能性僅僅是個(gè)夢(mèng)想罷了！

5.選修八Unit 3 THE PROBLEM OF THE SHRIKES蛇的困擾

When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時(shí)候，她感到很心煩。“There are some snakes in our courtyard,” she told me.―我們?cè)鹤永镉袔讞l蛇，‖她告訴我說，“Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.Can you get rid of them please?” ―蛇時(shí)不時(shí)地爬到屋子邊上來?？蛇@幾條蛇似乎是在屋子附近離胡桃樹不遠(yuǎn)的地方安家了。你能不能把它們趕走？‖ I felt very proud.我感到很自豪，Here was a chance for.me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會(huì)傷 13 害它們。I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures!我知道我的父母親是不會(huì)讓我傷害這些生物的。

The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有沒有現(xiàn)成的產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，看來只有一種毒殺蛇的藥粉。A new approach was clearly needed.很明顯，我得找一種新的方法了。I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.于是我就著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它們。Luckily these reptiles are small and that made the solution easier.好在這些爬行動(dòng)物都很小，問題比較容易解決。

Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches: 經(jīng)過一番研究準(zhǔn)備之后，我決定采用三種可能的方法： firstly, removing their habitat;第一，鏟除蛇的棲息地；secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food;第二，用男人或女人用的香水或食物把它們引進(jìn)陷阱； and thirdly cooling them so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught.第三，降低它們的體溫，使它們困乏，這樣就容易把它們捉住。I decided to use the last one.我決定采用最后一種方法。I bought an ice-cream maker which was made of stainless steel.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled.我買了一個(gè)制冰淇淋的不銹鋼碗，在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁之間有些膠狀物，冷卻后會(huì)凍結(jié)。I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours.我把這個(gè)碗放進(jìn)冰箱，冷凍了24小時(shí)。At the same time I prepared some ice-cubes.與此同時(shí)，我還準(zhǔn)備了一些冰塊兒。

The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早晨太陽光還不太熱，我就早早起床了。I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat and the 14 ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.我把冰凍的碗放在蛇窩的上方，再把小冰塊放在碗上，以使碗保持冷卻狀態(tài)。Finally I covered the whole thing with a large bucket.最后再用一個(gè)大桶把碗罩住。于是我就等著。Then I waited.After two hours I removed the bucket and the bowl.過了兩個(gè)小時(shí)我才把桶和碗一起拿開。The snakes were less active but they were still too fast for me.蛇不像以前那么活躍了。They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.但是對(duì)于我來說，它們行動(dòng)還是太快了，突然一下子就消失在附近的墻洞里去了。So I had to adjust my plan.于是我只得調(diào)整我的計(jì)劃。

For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes' habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool.第二次試驗(yàn)我用的還是冰凍的碗和冰塊兒，但是這次我是在夜晚氣溫開始變涼的時(shí)候把它們放在蛇窩的上方，Then as before, I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything overnight.然后用桶把碗罩住，通宵放在那兒。Early the next morning I returned to see the result.第二天一早我就去看結(jié)果。This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.這一次我蹲下去檢查的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇都是睡意濃濃的。But once picked up, they tried to bite me.但是一把它們提起來，它們就要咬我。As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.因?yàn)樗鼈兌际嵌旧?，所以很顯然我還得改進(jìn)我的捕蛇方案。

My third attempt repeated the second procedure.第三次試驗(yàn)重復(fù)了第二次的程序，The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.第二天早晨我的手里拿了一個(gè)捕魚的小網(wǎng)，這是因?yàn)槲翌A(yù)料蛇還會(huì)再咬人。But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇不會(huì)惹 15 麻煩，一切都按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行著。I collected the passive snakes and the next day we merrily released them all back into the wild.我把這些溫順的蛇收集起來，第二天就把他們?nèi)酷尫诺揭巴饬恕?/p>

Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.由于朋友和親戚的敦促，我決定抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)把我的發(fā)明送到專利局去，請(qǐng)他們對(duì)我這次成功的思路給予認(rèn)可。Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有你得到這種承認(rèn)，你才可以說是一個(gè)真正的發(fā)明家。The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.（評(píng)定）專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常嚴(yán)格，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。In addition, no invention will get a patent if it is:此外，你的想法如果屬于下列情況，那么你也不可能得到專利： ◎a discovery一種發(fā)現(xiàn)

◎a scientific idea or mathematical model一種科學(xué)理論或數(shù)學(xué)模式 ◎literature or art文學(xué)或藝術(shù)

◎a game or a business一場(chǎng)游戲或一筆交易 ◎a computer programme一個(gè)電腦程序

◎a new animal or plant variety一種新的動(dòng)植物物種

Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過仔細(xì)調(diào)查，證明它確實(shí)與眾不同的，你才能獲得專利。There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.專利局還有一大批審查人員，他們的唯一職責(zé)就是審查你的專利申請(qǐng)是否有效。If it passes all the tests, 16 your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply.如果通過了所有這些審查，你申請(qǐng)的專利就會(huì)在你提出申請(qǐng)的18個(gè)月之后公布出來。So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent Office.于是，我填了表，向?qū)＠痔峤涣松暾?qǐng)書。Now it's a matter of waiting and hoping.現(xiàn)在就是等待和期盼了。You'll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance!將來你看看我的銀行結(jié)余金額就會(huì)知道我是否成功了。Wish me luck!祝我好運(yùn)吧！

6.選修八Unit3 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾

Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland, but when he was young his family moved to Boston, USA.亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾1847年出生于蘇格蘭。但在他還小的時(shí)候，他家就搬到了美國的波士頓。His mother was almost entirely deaf, so Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education.他的母親幾乎全聾了，因此他有志于幫助聾人交流，并從事聾人教育事業(yè)。This interest led him to invent the microphone.這一愛好促使他發(fā)明了麥克風(fēng)。He found that by pressing his lips against his mother's forehead, he could make his mother understand what he was saying.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他把嘴唇放在母親的額頭上，并以一定的方式來移動(dòng)額骨，就可以使她聽懂他所說的話。

He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: 他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人應(yīng)該總是有好奇心理。他最有名的一句話是：

“Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.―偶爾離開平路去尋求困境。Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.每次當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking 17 about to occupy your mind.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞著你的頭腦。All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”所有真正偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是思考的結(jié)果?！?/p>

It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous inventioncome hereand he treats me like dirt.伊：（不安地）我想在花店里當(dāng)賣花姑娘，不想到街上去賣花了。但是他們不會(huì)要我，除非我講話講得好些，所以我來了，準(zhǔn)備付給他錢。我并不是求他幫忙——可他把我當(dāng)下賤人看待。H: How much? 27 希：你給多少錢？

E:(happier)Now yer talking.A lady friend of mine gets French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman.You wouldn't have the face to ask me for the same for teaching me as yer would for French.So I won't give yer more than a shilling.伊：（比較高興地）啊，你發(fā)話了。我的一位女朋友跟一個(gè)真正的法國人學(xué)法文，每小時(shí)兩先令。你總不會(huì)好意思要我付跟法語同樣多的錢吧。所以我最多給你一個(gè)先令。

H:(ignoring Eliza and speaking to Pickering)If you think of how much money this girl has-why, it's the best offer I've had!(to Eliza)But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.希：（不理睬伊萊扎，而跟皮克林說）要是你想到這個(gè)年輕姑娘身上能有多少錢，那么，這就是我能得到的最高薪俸了?。▽?duì)伊萊扎說）不過，要是我來教你，我會(huì)比當(dāng)爸爸的還要嚴(yán)格。

CP: I say, Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...皮：喂，希金斯。你還記得昨天晚上你說過的話嗎？如果你能使她冒充一位貴夫人，那么我說你就是一位最了不起的教師了。我會(huì)為這個(gè)小賭當(dāng)裁判，而且課時(shí)費(fèi)由我來付。

E:(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.伊：（感激地）啊！你真好，真好。謝謝你，上校。

H: Oh, she is so deliciously low.(compromises)OK, I'll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she'll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her 28 horrible clothes.We'll buy her new ones.What's your name, girl? 希：哦，她真是粗俗得可愛！（提出折衷辦法）好吧，我教你。（對(duì)皮爾斯夫人說）不過，她得先把自己洗干凈了。把她帶下去，皮爾斯夫人。給她洗一洗，把那身可怕的臟衣服全部燒掉。我們給她買新的。姑娘，你叫什么名字？

E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.伊：我叫伊萊扎·杜立特爾。我是干凈的，上個(gè)禮拜才洗過澡。

MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning.If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same.They won't like the smell of you otherwise.管：希金斯先生有自己的浴缸。他每天早晨都要洗澡。如果你要這兩位先生教你，你就得照著辦。另外，他們不想聞到你身上的那股氣味。

E:(sobbing)I can't.I dursn't.It ain't natural and it'd kill me.I've never had a bath in my life;not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...伊：（哭泣）我不能，我不敢。這太別扭了，會(huì)要我的命的。我這一生從來沒有在浴缸里洗澡過，特別是全身浸泡，沖洗腰部以下或者把我的背心拿走我也算是不會(huì)洗的。要是我知道你要我做這樣的丑事，我是絕不會(huì)來的。

H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately.(Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation.She's in need of both.希：我再說一遍，把她帶走，皮爾斯夫人，立刻帶走。（伊萊扎跟皮爾斯夫人出去了，還在哭泣）皮克林，你看到麻煩了吧。不僅僅是語音問題，還得教語法呢。29 這兩個(gè)方面她都需要。

CP: And there's another problem, Higgins.What are we going to do once the experiment is over? 皮：希金斯，還有一個(gè)問題。一旦試驗(yàn)完成了，我們準(zhǔn)備做什么呢？ H:

(heartily)Throw her back.希：（興奮地）把她扔回去。

CP: But you cannot overlook that!She'll be changed and she has feelings too.We must be practical, mustn't we? 皮：你可不能小看這個(gè)問題了！她是會(huì)變的，她也是有感情的。我們必須實(shí)際一些，難道不是嗎？

H: Well, we'll deal with that later.First, we must plan the best way to teach her.希：這個(gè)以后再談吧。首先咱們得制定一個(gè)最好的教學(xué)計(jì)劃。

CP: How about beginning with the alphabet.That's usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go offstage together)皮：先從字母教起，怎么樣？通常認(rèn)為那是最有效的……（兩人一道朝臺(tái)下走去，聲音逐漸減弱）

9.選修八Unit 5 A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES周口店洞穴參觀記 A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(A)is showing them round.一群英國學(xué)生（學(xué)）來到周口店洞穴參觀，有一位考古學(xué)家（考）正領(lǐng)著他們參觀。

A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that 30 it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and...考：歡迎到中國來參觀周口店洞穴。很高興見到你們這些來自英國并且對(duì)考古學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生。你們想必都很清楚，正是在這個(gè)地方，我們找到了居住在世界上這個(gè)部分最早人類的證據(jù)。我們?cè)谶@兒進(jìn)行的挖掘工作已經(jīng)很多年了，而且……S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.學(xué)1：對(duì)不起，打斷了你的講話。請(qǐng)問他們?cè)趺茨軌蜃≡谶@個(gè)地方呢？這兒只有石頭和樹木啊。

A: Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.考：問得好。你是個(gè)敏銳地觀察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我們找到了人骨和獸骨，還有工具和其他物品。因此，我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。

S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.學(xué)2：那他們是怎樣取暖的呢？他們不可能像我們現(xiàn)在這樣有墊子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the 31 freezing winter.考：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞穴中央有生火用的地爐。他們用地爐里的火來取暖、做飯，還可以用火來嚇跑野獸。我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個(gè)冬天都在燒火。我們還沒有找到門，但我們認(rèn)為在天寒地凍的冬季他們可能是用獸皮掛在洞口來防寒的。S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago? 學(xué)3：在那以前有些什么野獸呢？

A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?(shows picture of a sewing needle)考：嗯，我們?cè)诙蠢镪懤m(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)老虎和熊的骨頭。我們認(rèn)為，這些野獸對(duì)他們來講是最危險(xiǎn)的敵人了。現(xiàn)在，你們看這個(gè)東西能告訴我們有關(guān)早期人類生活的什么情況呢？（指著一張畫有針線的照片讓大家看）

S2.: Gosh!That's a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things? 學(xué)2：哎呀，那是一根針。天哪，難道他們還會(huì)修補(bǔ)東西嗎？ A: What else do you think it might have been used for? 考：除此之外，你認(rèn)為還可能派別的什么用場(chǎng)嗎？

S4: Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the...學(xué)4：讓我看看。這個(gè)東西最多三厘米長，看起來像是骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎么樣做成針眼的。

S2:(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material? 32 學(xué)2：（插話）你是不是說他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪里搞到衣料呢？ A: They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? 考：他們沒有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什么嗎？

Sl: Wow!Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.學(xué)1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎么做成的？獸皮剪裁并縫起來一定又厚又重啊。

A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task!Now look at this.(shows a necklace)考：我們有證據(jù)表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮制作的衣服。我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)一些磨削其他工具用的工具?？礃幼铀麄兛赡苁怯媚ゼ獾氖鱽砬懈钜矮F并剝皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變?nèi)彳?。最后進(jìn)行剪裁，縫起來就成了。確實(shí)是既難又臟的活！現(xiàn)在來看看這個(gè)吧。（指著一串項(xiàng)鏈）

S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!學(xué)2：哎呀！這是一條原始的項(xiàng)鏈吧。早期人類也像我們現(xiàn)在一樣講究外貌嗎？太漂亮了！

A:Yes, and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?.考：是的，還保存得很好呢。你們看看是用什么做的？

S4:Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.學(xué)4：我來摸摸看。我想，有的珠子是用獸骨做的，有的是用貝殼做的，對(duì)嗎？ A:How clever you are!One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify any other bones? 考：你真聰明！有塊骨頭實(shí)際上是用野獸的牙齒，貝殼是從海邊撿來的。你還認(rèn)得別的骨頭嗎？

S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? 學(xué)1：這根很像魚骨頭，對(duì)嗎？

A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.考：很對(duì)。植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果明確地告訴我們，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很大的淺水湖。當(dāng)時(shí)湖里可能是有魚的。

S3:But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here? 學(xué)3：不過，湖并不是海呀。我們離海還遠(yuǎn)著呢。那么，貝殼又是怎么來的呢？ A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now, why don't we go and visit the caves? 考：早期人類之間也許有貿(mào)易往來，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟著獸群四處走。他們并不種植谷物，而是在野果熟了的時(shí)候采摘它們并捕 34 殺野獸來充饑。這就是他們被稱之為獵人和采摘者的緣故。好了，咱們?nèi)⒂^洞穴好嗎？

10.選修八Unit 5 THE FEAST: 18,000 BC公元前一萬八千年的一次盛宴

Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.拉拉擔(dān)心她這次盛宴的準(zhǔn)備工作，所以趕緊把堅(jiān)果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起來就快步回家了。It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands.由于在草原上放牧，家族成員先分散開，然后在不同的地方相聚，這是他們的一個(gè)習(xí)俗。A wrinkle appeared on her forehead.她的額頭出現(xiàn)了一道皺紋。If only it could be just like last year!要是能像去年那樣就好了！At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children.當(dāng)大胡選拉拉作未來孩子的母親時(shí)，她覺得很高興。He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen.他是這個(gè)家族中最好的工匠，被他選中對(duì)拉拉來說是莫大的榮幸。She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins.她記得那時(shí)熱血澎湃。She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.當(dāng)族人為他的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時(shí)候，拉拉覺得非常自豪。If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.那么她就不會(huì)這么擔(dān)心了。

Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.聽見狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，擔(dān)心會(huì)有野獸在等著她。She had no man with his 35 spear to protect her.她身邊沒有男人拿著矛來保護(hù)她。She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到目的地的時(shí)候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她不往前走了，停了下來。So the men had brought home the meat for the feast!因此那個(gè)男人把肉帶回了家用來設(shè)宴！The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.肉的香味籠罩著她，使她因饑餓而頭昏眼花。She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire.她看到母親和大一些的孩子在燒烤鹿肉和豬肉，Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins.她姨媽在用獸皮做衣服。Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.突然間她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來，Lala smiled with relief.拉拉寬慰地笑了，It was good to have her family around her.跟家人在一起實(shí)在是太好啦！

Just then a tall man came up behind her.就在這時(shí)候，她身后出來了一位高個(gè)子男人。He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.他有一張寬大的方臉，眉毛很重，顴骨突出，Over his shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm肩上扛著幾條大魚，腋下夾著一些木頭。Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.拉拉對(duì)大胡微笑著，遞給他一些石頭做的刮子。大胡也笑著，走出洞外，開始工作。

First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools.他先朝這些石刮子瞧了瞧，然后走到洞穴的一個(gè)角落，拖出來更多的工具。They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads.這些工具同其它一些銳利的箭頭和石斧頭堆放在一起。He chose one large stone and 36 began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.他選了一個(gè)大塊石頭，用它做錘子敲打一個(gè)需要磨快的石刮子邊沿。Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.他時(shí)不時(shí)地停下來看看，在手上試一試，然后再繼續(xù)工作。He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish.當(dāng)他覺得石刮子夠快，可以切肉刮魚鱗了，他才停下來，As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner.他把石刮子遞給拉拉，這時(shí)候，第一批鄰近洞穴的客人就開始到來吃飯了。Lala's spirits rose.拉拉情緒高漲起來。Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!是的，今年的盛宴一定會(huì)跟去年一樣熱鬧！She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.她高興地自己笑著，走出洞外，去歡迎她的朋友和鄰居。

第五篇：高中英語選修6課文逐句翻譯(人教新課標(biāo))

1.選修六Unit1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方繪畫藝術(shù)簡史

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.藝術(shù)是受著人民生活習(xí)俗和信仰的影響的。Styles in Western art have changed many times.西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格經(jīng)歷了多次變革。As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進(jìn)行全面的描述。Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.因此,本文只談及從公元6世紀(jì)以來最主要的幾種藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。

The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)中世紀(jì)(公元5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì))

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世紀(jì),畫家的主要任務(wù)是把宗教的主題表現(xiàn)出來。A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無意于如實(shí)地展現(xiàn)自然和人物。A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God.那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型的繪畫充滿了宗教的(象)特征,體現(xiàn)出了對(duì)上帝的愛戴與敬重。But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.但是,很顯然到了13世紀(jì)時(shí),觀念發(fā)生變化,像喬托這樣的畫家開始以一種比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)格來畫宗教場(chǎng)景。The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期(15世紀(jì)到16世紀(jì))

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,新的思想和價(jià)值觀逐漸取代了中世紀(jì)的思想和價(jià)值觀。People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.人們開始較少關(guān)注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.同時(shí)畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上。They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.他們力爭(zhēng)如實(shí)地畫出人物和自然。Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人們想擁有自己的藝術(shù)品并用來裝飾自己的高級(jí)宮殿和豪宅They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.,他們出價(jià)聘請(qǐng)著名藝術(shù)家來為自己畫像,畫自己的房屋和其他財(cái)物,以及他們的活動(dòng)和成就。

One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective.在此期間,最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.這一手法是1428年由馬賽其奧第一次使用的。When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.當(dāng)人們第一次看到他的畫時(shí),還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實(shí)的場(chǎng)景,并對(duì)此深信不疑。If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是這一時(shí)期油畫顏料也得到了發(fā)展,它使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時(shí)代著名的杰作。Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)印象派時(shí)期(19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)初期)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世紀(jì)后期,歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化,從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會(huì)變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會(huì)。Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.許多人從農(nóng)村遷入到新城市。There were many new inventions and social changes.有著許多新發(fā)明,還有許多社會(huì)變革。Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles.這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風(fēng)格。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。

The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.他們急切地想把一天中不同時(shí)間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現(xiàn)出來。However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.然而由于自然光的變化很快,印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫,Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.因此,他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細(xì)致了。At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.起初,許多人都不喜歡這種畫法,甚至還怒不可遏。They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.他們說這些畫家作畫時(shí)漫不經(jīng)心、粗枝大葉,而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。Modern Art(20th century to today)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀(jì)至今)

At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期,它們是存在著爭(zhēng)議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現(xiàn)在我們所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”的始祖了。This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.這是因?yàn)橛∠笈晒膭?lì)畫家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環(huán)境。There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.如今,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格有好幾十種,然而如果沒有印象派,那么這許多不同的風(fēng)格就不可能存在。On the one hand, some modern art is abstract;that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.一方面,有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的,也就是說,畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實(shí)地畫出來,而是集中展現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特性,用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面,有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么寫實(shí),看上去就像是照片。These styles are so different.這些風(fēng)格如此不同。Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?誰能預(yù)言將來會(huì)有什么樣的繪畫藝術(shù)風(fēng)格?

2.選修六Unit 1 THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES曼哈頓藝術(shù)畫廊薈萃 The Frick Collection(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)弗里克收藏館(第5大道和第70街大道之間)

Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.在紐約,比起其他藝術(shù)館許多藝術(shù)愛好者都更樂意參觀這家小型藝術(shù)陳列館。Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.亨利·克萊·弗里克是紐約的一位富豪,于1919年去世,把他的房子、家具和藝術(shù)收藏品全部留給了美國人民。Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection.弗里克對(duì)20世紀(jì)以前的西方繪畫有偏愛,而在這個(gè)陳列館的珍藏品里這些繪畫得以很好展出。You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a Visit.你還可以好好考察一下弗里克美麗的故居和花園,它們是很值得一看的。Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)古根海姆博物館(第5大道和第88街交匯處)

This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings.這家博物館擁有5000幅非常好的現(xiàn)代油畫、雕塑和素描。These art works are not all displayed at the same time.The exhibition is always changing.這些藝術(shù)品并不是同時(shí)展出的,展品總是在不斷地更換。It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.展覽將吸引印象派和后印象派作品的愛好者。The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous.古根海姆博物館的大樓也是世界聞名的。When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell.當(dāng)你走進(jìn)畫廊的時(shí)候,你會(huì)覺得你進(jìn)入了一個(gè)易碎的白色貝殼之中。The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.看畫展最好是從頂層看起,一直往下看到底層。There are no stairs just a circular path.The museum also has an excellent restaurant.展廳里沒有樓梯,只有一條環(huán)形的小道。博物館里還有一家極好的餐館。

Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館(第5大道與第82街交匯處)

The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection.這家博物館以收藏藝術(shù)品種類繁多而享有盛名。This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America.它的藝術(shù)品收藏涵蓋了5000多年來世界上眾多國家的文明史,其中包括美洲、歐洲、中國、埃及、其他非洲國家和南美洲。The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living.這家博物館展出的不只是可以看得見的藝術(shù)之美,它還向你介紹了古代的生活方式。You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.你可以看到埃及的寺廟,馥郁的明朝花園,18世紀(jì)法國住宅中的典型房間,以及許多其他特殊展品。Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館(第53街,位于第5和第6大道之間)

It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.令人驚奇的是,在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀(jì)后期到21世紀(jì)的如此眾多的名家巨作。The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.西方藝術(shù)的收藏包括有莫奈、凡高、畢加索和馬蒂斯等著名藝術(shù)家的作品。A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.有幾句話需要提醒你注意:博物館票價(jià)不菲,而且常常十分擁擠。

Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)惠特尼美國藝術(shù)博物館(麥迪遜大道945號(hào),靠近第75街)

The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.惠特尼博物館藏有極好的當(dāng)代美國繪畫和雕塑品。There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time.館內(nèi)沒有永久性的展出,展品都是隨時(shí)更換的。Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists.惠特尼博物館每兩年有一次特殊的展覽,展品是仍然在世的藝術(shù)家們的新作。The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.這家博物館還展出當(dāng)代影視藝術(shù)家的錄像和電影作品。

3.選修六Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS 簡體英文詩

There are various reasons why people write poetry.人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.有些詩是為了敘事，或者說是描述某件事并給讀者以強(qiáng)烈的印象。Others try to convey certain emotions.而有些詩則是為了傳達(dá)某種感情。Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.詩人用許多不同風(fēng)格的詩來表達(dá)自己的情感。In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.本文只談了幾種格式比較簡單的詩。

Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.孩子們最早學(xué)習(xí)的英文詩是童謠。These rhymes like the one on the right(A)are still a common type of children's poetry.像右邊的這首童謠（A）至今仍然是常見的。The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.童謠的語言具體但富有想象力，這使得小孩子們快樂，因?yàn)樗鼈冄喉?，?jié)奏感強(qiáng)，并較多重復(fù)。The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.童謠不一定有什么意義，甚至有的看來自相矛盾，但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)，也容易背誦。By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.通過童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了語言。（A）

Hush, little baby, don't say a word,小寶寶，別說話，Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.爸爸給你買個(gè)小嘲鳥。If that mockingbird won't sing,小嘲鳥，不會(huì)唱，Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.爸爸給你買個(gè)鉆石戒。If that diamond ring turns to brass,鉆石戒，變成銅，Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.爸爸給你買個(gè)小鏡子。If that looking-glass gets broke,小鏡子，打破了，Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat.爸爸給你買個(gè)小山羊。If that billy-goat runs away,小山羊，跑掉了。

Papa's going to buy you another today.爸爸今天再去給你買一只。

One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.像（B）和（C）這樣的列舉事物的清單詩是詩歌中最簡單的一種。List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.清單詩可長可短，可以重復(fù)一些短語，較為靈活。形成固定句型和詩的節(jié)奏。Some rhyme(like B)while others do not(like C).有些清單詩有韻腳（如B）,但有一些沒有（如C）。（B）

I saw a fish-pond all on fire我看到魚塘在燃燒 I saw a fish-pond all on fire,我看到魚塘在燃燒，I saw a house bow to a squire,我看到房子向地主哈腰，I saw a person twelve-feet high,我看到人高一丈八，I saw a cottage in the sky,我看到茅屋在天郊。I saw a balloon made of lead,我看到氣球用鉛做，I saw a coffin drop down dead,我看到棺材把死人拋。I saw two sparrows run a race,我看到兩只麻雀在賽跑，I saw two horses making lace,我看到兩匹馬兒繡花包。I saw a girl just like a cat,我看到姑娘像只貓，I saw a kitten wear a hat,我看到小貓帶花帽。I saw a man who saw these too,我看到有人在一旁瞄，And said though strange they all were true.雖奇怪，但也把實(shí)情報(bào)。（C）

Our first football match我們的第一場(chǎng)球賽 We would have won...我們本來會(huì)得冠軍…… if Jack had scored that goal,如果杰克踢進(jìn)了那個(gè)球，if we'd had just a few more minutes,如果我們還有幾分鐘，if we had trained harder,如果我們訓(xùn)練的更嚴(yán)格，if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,如果本把球傳給了喬，if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,如果有大批球迷助威，if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,如果我死死盯住球，if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,如果我們頭晚不熬夜，if we hadn't taken it easy,如果我們沒有放松警惕，if we hadn't run out of energy.如果我們沒有精疲力竭，We would have won...我們本來是會(huì)的冠軍的…… if we'd been better!如果我們能干的更好！

Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.另外一種學(xué)生容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的，叫做五行詩。With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.用五行詩，學(xué)生可以用少量的詞語傳遞一幅動(dòng)人的畫面。Look at the examples(D and E)on the top of the next page.請(qǐng)看下一頁上端的D和E兩個(gè)例子。（D）Brother兄弟

Beautiful, athletic愛美，又愛運(yùn)動(dòng)

Teasing, shouting, laughing愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑 Friend and enemy too是我的朋友 Mine也是我的敵人（E）Summer夏天

Sleepy, salty困乏，咸澀

Drying, drooping, dreading干涸，枯萎，恐怖 Week in, week out周而復(fù)始 Endless永無止境

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.俳句詩（Haiku）是一種日本詩，由17個(gè)音節(jié)組成。It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.它不屬于英詩的傳統(tǒng)形式，但是在用英語寫作的人們中間，這種詩也是很流行的。It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words.它容易寫，而且像五行詩一樣，它可以用最少的詞語呈現(xiàn)出一幅清晰的畫面，表達(dá)出一種特殊的感情。The two haiku poems(F and G)above are translations from the Japanese.下面兩首俳句詩（右邊的F和G）就是從日文翻譯過來的。（F）

A fallen blossom落下的花朵

Is coming back to the branch.回到了樹枝上。Look, a butterfly!瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！(by Moritake)（作者：Moritake）（G）

Snow having melted,雪兒融化了，The whole village is brimful整個(gè)村莊充滿著 Of happy children.歡樂的兒童。(by Issa)（作者：Issa）

Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetryall of which will make life for human beings better." 漢布利實(shí)際上是這樣說的： “二氧化碳含量的增加實(shí)際上是件好事，它使植物成長更快，莊稼產(chǎn)量更高，還會(huì)促進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長——所有這些都能改善人類的生活?！?/p>

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.溫室氣體繼續(xù)在大氣層中聚集。Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在（未來）幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。No one knows the effects of global warming.沒有人知道全球變暖帶來什么樣的影響。Does that mean we should do nothing? 這是不是意味著我們就不必采取任何措施呢？Or, are the risks too great? 還是說，這樣不采取任何措施危險(xiǎn)性會(huì)很大呢？

8.選修六Unit4 WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING? 關(guān)于全球變暖，我們能干些什么呢？ Dear Earth Care, 親愛的“關(guān)愛地球”組織：

I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖的課題研究。Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.有時(shí)候我覺得，像這樣一個(gè)巨大的環(huán)境問題，個(gè)人是起不了什么作用的。However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.然而我仍然認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。As I'm not sure where to start with my project, 由于我還不清楚我該從哪里著手開始我的研究。I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.我希望能得到你們的建議。Thank you!謝謝！Ouyang Guang歐陽光

Dear Ouyang Guang, 親愛的歐陽光：

There are many people who have a commitment like yours, but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.有許多人承擔(dān)你這樣的義務(wù)，而他們不相信自己有能力來影響環(huán)境。That is not true.這種想法是不正確的。Together, individuals can make a difference.眾人拾柴火焰高。We do not have to put up with pollution.我們不必去忍受污染。

The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.空氣中的溫室氣體，二氧化碳的增長的確是來自我們?cè)S多的日?；顒?dòng)。Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.這兒有幾條關(guān)于減少空氣中二氧化碳含量的建議。They should get you started with your project.這些建議應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠促進(jìn)你的研究。1 We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itthis includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.4.勸你的父母去買那些節(jié)約能源的產(chǎn)品，包括汽車和像冰箱、微波爐之類的小件物品。5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.5.在你的花園或校園里栽種樹木，它們能吸收空氣中的二氧化碳，還能在你觀賞的時(shí)候使你感覺清爽。Finally and most importantly, be an educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.6.最后，也是最重要的是，做一個(gè)教育者。同你的家人和朋友談一談全球變暖的問題，并把你學(xué)到的東西告訴他們。Rememberthe volcano.然而，最重要的是，通過我的工作能保護(hù)普通百姓免遭火山的威脅——這是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.作為一名火山學(xué)家，我被派到夏威夷火山觀測(cè)站（HVO）工作。My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.我的任務(wù)是收集有關(guān)基拉韋厄火山的數(shù)據(jù)資料，這是夏威夷最活躍的火山之一。Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和評(píng)估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測(cè)下次火山熔巖將往何處流去，流速多少。Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses.我們的工作拯救了許多人的生命，因?yàn)槿蹘r要流經(jīng)之地，老百姓都可以得到離開家園的通知。Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.遺憾的是，我們不可能把他們的家搬離巖漿流過的地方，因此，許多房屋被熔巖淹沒，或者焚燒殆盡。

When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.當(dāng)滾燙的巖石從火山噴發(fā)出來并撞回地面時(shí)，它所造成的損失比想象的要小些，This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.這是因?yàn)樵趲r石下落的基拉韋厄火山頂附近無人居住。The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.而順著山坡下流的火山熔巖所造成的損失卻大得多，這是因?yàn)榛鹕綆r漿所流經(jīng)的地方，一切東西都被掩埋在熔巖下面了。However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.然而火山噴發(fā)本身的確是很壯觀的，我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我第一次看見火山噴發(fā)時(shí)的情景。It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.那是在我抵達(dá)夏威夷后的第二個(gè)星期。Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.那天我辛辛苦苦等干了一整天，很早就上床睡覺了。I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.我在熟睡中突然感到床鋪在搖晃，接著我聽到一陣奇怪的聲音，就好像有列火車在我的窗外行駛一樣。Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.因?yàn)槲以谙耐脑?jīng)經(jīng)歷過多次地震，所以對(duì)這種聲音我并不在意。I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.我趕緊跑出房間，來到后花園，在那兒我能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看見基拉韋厄火山。There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.在山的一邊有火山噴發(fā)，紅色發(fā)燙的巖漿像噴泉一樣，朝天上噴射達(dá)幾百米高。It was an absolutely fantastic sight.真是絕妙的奇景！

The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.就在這次火山噴發(fā)的第二天，我有幸做了一次近距離的觀察。Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption.我和另外兩位科學(xué)家驅(qū)車上山，到最靠近這次火山噴口的地方才下車。Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.早先從觀測(cè)站出發(fā)時(shí)就帶了一些特別的安全服，于是我們穿上安全服再走近火山口。All three of us looked like spacemen.我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人看上去就像宇航員一樣，We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.我們都穿著白色的防護(hù)服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.穿著這些衣服走起路來實(shí)在不容易，但是我們還是緩緩?fù)鹕娇诘倪吘壸呷?，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.如今，我和當(dāng)初從事這項(xiàng)工作時(shí)一樣滿懷熱情。Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.雖然我從事火山研究很多年了，但是我對(duì)火山的壯麗景色以及它那潛在的巨大破壞力至今仍然感到驚愕不已。

10.選修六Unit5 THE LRKE OF HERVEN天上的湖（天池）

Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast China.Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is thick forest.長白山在東北的吉林省，這個(gè)美麗的山區(qū)大部分是茂密的林區(qū)。Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to enjoy.長白山是中國最大的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，保持著它的原始狀態(tài)，以供中國人民和世界各地的游客欣賞。The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.這里地面的高度從海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多種多樣動(dòng)物植物的生長地。Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.珍稀動(dòng)物有白鶴、黑熊、豹子和虎。Many people come to Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals.許多人到長白山來研究珍奇的動(dòng)植物。Others come to walk in the mountains, to see the spectacular waterfalls or to bathe in the hot water pools.另外一些人則是到山里來走一走，看看那些蔚為壯觀的瀑布，或者在溫水池里泡個(gè)澡。However, the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.然而保護(hù)區(qū)里最令人欣賞的地方則是天池，或者說是天上的湖。

Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain.天池是一個(gè)深水湖，是由山頂?shù)囊粋€(gè)死火山的火山口形成的。The lake is 2,194 metres above sea level, and more than 200 metres deep.In winter the surface freezes over.海拔高度為2194米，水的深度超過200米，到冬天湖面就全部結(jié)冰了。It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain.從路的盡頭到山頂約需一個(gè)小時(shí)。When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.你一到達(dá)山頂就會(huì)得到回報(bào)——你不僅可以看到天池那清澈如鏡的湖水，而且還可以看到四周的16座山峰。

There are many stories told about Tianchi.The most well-known concerns three young women from heaven.天池有著許多傳說故事，其中最著名的是關(guān)于從天上下凡的三位少女的故事。They were bathing in Tainchi when a bird flew above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl.她們?cè)谔斐叵丛钑r(shí)，突然有一只鳥飛到她們的上方，把一個(gè)小小的水果扔在最年輕的姑娘的衣服上。When she picked up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth.當(dāng)她拿起來聞的時(shí)候，它飛進(jìn)了她的嘴里。Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.姑娘吞食了這個(gè)果子，后來就懷孕了。過了一段時(shí)間，她生下了一個(gè)漂亮的男孩。It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說服力。

If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.如果你有幸同你所愛的人去游天池，別忘了投一枚硬幣到清澈碧藍(lán)的水中，以確保你們的愛情像湖水一樣深厚、持久。