第一篇：口譯材料Review Data of Oral Interpretation

C2E 1 2002年8月26日，聯(lián)合國(guó)在南非的約翰內(nèi)斯堡召開(kāi)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展“全球峰會(huì)”。

August 26, 2002, the UN held a “global summit” about sustainable development in Johannesburg, South Africa.美國(guó)環(huán)境專家調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，今年9月份北冰洋的冰面縮小了4%，為1978年以來(lái)之最。American environmental experts survey found that the September ice in the Arctic Ocean shrank by 4%, the most since 1978.一種突破性的超級(jí)鋅空氣燃料電池技術(shù)已悄然在美國(guó)開(kāi)花并在上海結(jié)果。

A groundbreaking super zinc air fuel cell technology has begun quietly in the United States, and successful developed in Shanghai.改革開(kāi)放推動(dòng)了我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)、快速、健康的發(fā)展，綜合國(guó)力顯著提高。

The reform and opening up has promoted the development of our national economy sustained, rapid and healthy, and the comprehensive national strength has been significantly improved.生活在這個(gè)城市的人們，就像坐在高速、但又十分擁擠的地鐵中。

People living in this city are like sitting in a fast, but crowded subway.6根據(jù)有關(guān)部門預(yù)測(cè)，磁浮列車開(kāi)通后，預(yù)計(jì)年客流量將在一千萬(wàn)人次左右。

According to the relevant departments predict that after the opening of the Maglev train, the passenger flow is expected to flow will be around ten million passengers.上了一輛出租車，地道的北京司機(jī)跟你談的話題是政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化。

Get on a taxi, the authentic Beijing driver to talk to you about the subject of political, economic and cultural.在當(dāng)前的復(fù)雜形勢(shì)下，政治談判是爭(zhēng)取中東和平的唯一正確而有效的途徑。

In the current complex situation, political negotiations are the only correct and effective way to get peace in the Middle East.世界上越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家認(rèn)為，中國(guó)是維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平與穩(wěn)定的重要力量。

More and more countries in the world believe that China is an important force in safeguarding regional and world peace and stability.每年的4月1日是西方也是美國(guó)的民間傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——愚人節(jié)，其實(shí)愚人節(jié)起源于歐洲的法國(guó)，后經(jīng)英國(guó)傳入美國(guó)。

April 1st is the west is also America folk festival-April Fool's day, in fact, April Fool's Day originated in Europe, France, after the introduction of the UK to the United States.專家一致認(rèn)為，黃浦江兩岸濱水區(qū)選址方案具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它巧妙的扣住了“城市，讓生活更美好”這個(gè)主題。

Experts agree that on both sides of the Huangpu River waterfront location scheme has a unique advantage, it clever to withhold “better city,better life” as the theme.根據(jù)美國(guó)航空航天局的最新衛(wèi)星記錄，北冰洋的冰塊正以高出往日9%的速度融化，面臨著本世紀(jì)末全部消失的危險(xiǎn)。

According to NASA's latest record of satellite, Arctic ice is melting at a rate of 9%, and is at risk of disappearing in the end of the century.自黨的十三屆四中全會(huì)以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展，我們不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了溫飽有余，而且還開(kāi)始邁向更加富裕的小康社會(huì)。

Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth National Congress of the party, the Chinese economy sustainable develop, we not only realize the superabundant life with just enough food and clothing, but also the beginning of towards more affluent well-off society.經(jīng)過(guò)多年艱苦談判，中國(guó)正式成為世界貿(mào)易組織的成員。為此，中國(guó)的改革和對(duì)外開(kāi)放進(jìn)入了一個(gè)嶄新的階段。

After many years of hard negotiation, China officially became a member of the world trade organization.To this end, China's reform and opening to the outside world has entered a new stage.自中美建交以來(lái)，臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題是中美關(guān)系最重要、最敏感的問(wèn)題，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直制約著中美關(guān)系的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the issue of Taiwan has been the most important and sensitive issue in the relationship between China and the United States, which has long been restricting the healthy and stable development of China US relations.據(jù)衛(wèi)生部統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國(guó)艾滋病感染人數(shù)已超過(guò)100萬(wàn)，但這個(gè)人群的生存狀況對(duì)于公眾來(lái)說(shuō)一直是鮮為人知的。

According to the Ministry of health statistics, China's number of HIV infections has exceeded 1000000, but the survival of the crowd for the public has been little-known.我國(guó)西北五省和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)將建立沙塵暴的聯(lián)合預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)防機(jī)制，以加強(qiáng)該地區(qū)對(duì)沙塵暴的預(yù)防和治理能力。

The combined forecasting and preventing mechanism of Sandstorm in northwest five provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will strengthen the prevention and control of dust storms in the region.隨著浦東對(duì)外開(kāi)放的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步拓寬和投資環(huán)境的進(jìn)一步改善，一批水平高、功能強(qiáng)的內(nèi)外資想項(xiàng)目紛至沓來(lái)。

With Pudong opening to the outside world further broaden and investment environment for further improvement, a number of high level, strong function of internal and external capital to projects come in a throng.隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高和社會(huì)交際的日臻頻繁，喝咖啡已不僅是一種享受，更是時(shí)尚與文化的結(jié)合。

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and social communication, drinking coffee is not only a kind of enjoyment, but also the combination of fashion and culture.春節(jié)怎么過(guò)？網(wǎng)上調(diào)查顯示，共享天倫、朋友聚會(huì)、過(guò)把購(gòu)物癮、給自己“充電”成了最受歡迎的四種度假方式。

How to spend the Spring Festival? Online survey, sharing family happiness, party with friends, shopping, to“charge” self became the most popular four ways of vacation.進(jìn)入世貿(mào)以后，面對(duì)國(guó)際大公司的資金、技術(shù)、市場(chǎng)和管理優(yōu)勢(shì)，僅僅依靠低成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是難以做到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的。

After entering WTO, towards the fund, technology, market and management advantage of the international big company, only relying on the low cost competition is hard to achieve sustainable development.有人認(rèn)為，隨著兩極格局的解體，取而代之的是美國(guó)的單極格局，而另外一些人則認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)在是一超多強(qiáng)的格局。

Some people think that with the disintegration of the two poles setup, instead is America's unipolar setup, and also some people think, now is one super and many strong setup.E2C 1 About six hundred years ago golf was invented in Scotland, so naturally Scotland has more golf courses per head than anywhere else in the world.大約六百年前，高爾夫起源于蘇格蘭，所以蘇格蘭比世界其他地方人均有更多的高爾夫球場(chǎng)。Over-eating has become a serious social problem in the United States with over 300,000 American eating themselves to death every year.暴食已經(jīng)在美國(guó)成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，每年有超過(guò)30萬(wàn)人因暴食而死亡。In order to treat the water pollution, 1.07 billion cubic meters of water has been diverted from the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu.為了治理水污染，已經(jīng)有10億7百萬(wàn)立方米的水從長(zhǎng)江改道太湖。Bilateral trade between China and Russia has enjoyed fast development in recent years and is expected to reach US$11 billion this year.中國(guó)和俄羅斯之間的雙邊貿(mào)易近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速，預(yù)計(jì)今年將達(dá)到110億美元。In recent years, lotteries have become a popular way for local and central governments to raise money for charities and other social projects.近年來(lái)，彩票已經(jīng)成為中央和地方政府為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)和其他社會(huì)項(xiàng)目籌集資金的的一種流行方式。Many boarding schools have much experience of making special arrangements for international students, ensuring that they can improve their English if necessary.許多寄宿制學(xué)校特別為國(guó)際學(xué)生安排了一些豐富的體驗(yàn)，確保他們?cè)诒匾臅r(shí)候能夠提高自己的英語(yǔ)。If the ecological environment in the western part of the country is not improved, it is impossible to escape the threat of sandstorms.如果國(guó)家的西部生態(tài)環(huán)境沒(méi)有改善，也不可能逃脫沙塵暴的威脅。China is now an essential trading partner for Asian countries while the US is becoming somewhat less important in the face of China’s rise.中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是亞洲國(guó)家重要的貿(mào)易伙伴，與此同時(shí)面對(duì)中國(guó)的崛起美國(guó)已經(jīng)變得不太重要了。The Bush administration has hardened its stance toward China on the Taiwan issue, and makes no effort to hide its intention to interfere.布什政府面對(duì)中國(guó)在臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)非常強(qiáng)硬，而且絲毫不隱藏自己的干涉意圖。A good lecturer will emphasize that the process of thinking and working together in learning is a valuable life skill for every student.一個(gè)好的講師會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)思考和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的過(guò)程在學(xué)習(xí)中對(duì)于每個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)都是一種寶貴的生活技巧。Driven by the new laws on air pollution, the world’s leading automakers are competing in a race to create affordable eco-friendly cars.在空氣污染新法規(guī)的推動(dòng)下，世界領(lǐng)先的汽車制造商都在競(jìng)相比賽創(chuàng)造實(shí)惠的環(huán)保汽車。Both sides agreed to diversify the pattern of trade in order to realize the full potential of bilateral trade and economic relations.雙方同意將為貿(mào)易實(shí)現(xiàn)雙邊貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系發(fā)揮全部的潛力。After September 11th there is a sharp contrast between the increasing US tendency of unilateralism and the multi-lateral cooperation as advocated by Europe,Russia and China.If China’s automobile industry continues to grow at its current rate, the country’s petroleum import volume will have exceeded 100 million tons by the end of next year.如果中國(guó)的汽車工業(yè)繼續(xù)以目前的速度增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)的石油進(jìn)口量將在明年超過(guò)1億噸。According to the World Bank, it is estimated that the global economy will recover this year, growing as much as 2.5percent as a US rebound of probably 2.6 percent starts to pull Europe and Asia out of the sluggishness.根據(jù)世界銀行的數(shù)據(jù)，據(jù)估計(jì)，全球今年經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)復(fù)蘇，增長(zhǎng)大概在2.5%-2.6%之間，開(kāi)始將歐洲和亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)帶出低迷。In order to expand their business on China’s mainland market of 1.3 billion people, many overseas banks urge the central bank and other Chinese regulators to open China’s financial industries at a fast pace, including banking, securities, asset management and insurance.為了對(duì)中國(guó)大陸13億人口的內(nèi)地市場(chǎng)拓展業(yè)務(wù)，許多海外銀行敦促中央銀行和其他中國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)盡快開(kāi)放中國(guó)的金融業(yè)，包括銀行，證券，資產(chǎn)管理和保險(xiǎn)。Oral communication skills do not only rely on vocabulary.Many British teachers have found that Chinese students attach great importance to vocabulary.But at the same time,they comment that students’ usage of words is importance in their communication.口語(yǔ)交際能力不僅依賴于詞匯。許多英國(guó)的老師發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)學(xué)生重視詞匯。但同時(shí)他們認(rèn)為，學(xué)生在溝通中合理用詞的方法也很重要。The European Union currently applies its emission standard Euro Ⅲ，a system followed by most countries in the world.It will be replaced by the Euro Ⅳ in the next few years.The EuroⅠand EuroⅡwere introduced in 1992 and 1996 respectively.歐盟目應(yīng)用的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)歐Ⅲ，一個(gè)被世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家采用的系統(tǒng)。它將在未來(lái)幾年被歐Ⅳ取代。歐Ⅰ和歐Ⅱ分別在1992年和1996年出臺(tái)。After almost a decade of planning and building, the Central Business District(CBD)in Beijing has become a dynamic and modern area with over 60 percent of the city’s foreign corporations, big office complexes, shopping malls and luxury apartments.在差不多十年的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)后，中央商務(wù)區(qū)（CBD）在北京已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)充滿活力和現(xiàn)代的面積，有超過(guò)60%的全市外資企業(yè)，大辦公樓，購(gòu)物中心和豪華公寓。Among the global challenges of the 20th century , none was more important than eliminating the danger of nuclear war.Together, Russia, The United states, and other countries substantially minimized this threat and began the process of limiting unclear arsenals.在二十世紀(jì)的全球挑戰(zhàn)中，沒(méi)有比消除核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)更重要的了。同時(shí)，俄羅斯、美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家都在大大減少這種威脅并開(kāi)始限制不明武器。The English are a nostalgic people and value customs and traditions above almost everything.It does not seem to matter just where traditions have come from or why they have survived.They are traditions, and that is enough for them.英國(guó)人是一些懷舊的人，幾乎視傳統(tǒng)和習(xí)俗的價(jià)值高于一切。好像不太在乎這些傳統(tǒng)是來(lái)自于哪里或者為什么留存了下來(lái)。它們是傳統(tǒng)，這對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)就夠了。According to government data and various estimates, man’s demand for resources has soared during the past 50 years.Scientists warn that a failure to curb man’s overuse of natural resources could send the planet into ecological bankruptcy and exhaustion.根據(jù)政府的數(shù)據(jù)和各種估計(jì)，在過(guò)去的50年，人類對(duì)資源的需求猛增?？茖W(xué)家警告說(shuō)，不能遏制人類過(guò)度利用自然資源會(huì)讓地球產(chǎn)生生態(tài)危機(jī)和枯竭。Hong Kong will have a gross domestic product growth of 2 percent this year due to its stronger consumer confidence and the excellent external sector led by a robust trade industry and strong tourism receipts from Chinese mainland visitors.香港今年的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)%2，由于其強(qiáng)大的消費(fèi)者信心 Meeting together for the fifth time since 1997, the heads of the governments of 13 nations said in a joint statement that their cooperation would span trade, investment,monetary and financial coordination, technology transfer, scientific exchange, training and alleviation of poverty.自1997第五次會(huì)議以來(lái)，13個(gè)國(guó)家的政府首腦在聯(lián)合聲明中表示，他們的合作將跨越貿(mào)易，投資，貨幣和金融合作，技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓，科技交流，培訓(xùn)和扶貧。The Chinese government will soon open the national urban utility market to domestic and overseas investors, which signals another round of break-up of monopolies in China following the opening up of industries such as aviation, telecommunications and electricity generation.在中國(guó)新一輪的信號(hào)拆分壟斷后，將對(duì)外開(kāi)放如航空業(yè)，電信和發(fā)電，中國(guó)政府將很快開(kāi)放全國(guó)城市公用事業(yè)市場(chǎng)給國(guó)內(nèi)和海外的投資者，

第二篇：口譯詞匯

口譯詞匯

Health and Diseases 衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)

世界衛(wèi)生組織 World Health Organization 衛(wèi)生部 Ministry of health 綜合醫(yī)院 general hospital ?？漆t(yī)院 specialized hospital 兒童醫(yī)院 children’s hospital 產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院 maternity hospital 整形外科醫(yī)院 plastic surgery hospital 精神醫(yī)院mental hospital 腫瘤醫(yī)院 tumor hospital 診所 clinic

醫(yī)院科室

內(nèi)科(internal)medical department 外科 surgical department 婦產(chǎn)科 department of gynecology and obstetrics 小兒科 pediatrics department 急診室 emergency room 掛號(hào)處 registration office 住院處admissions office 門診部 out-patient department/ OPD 住院部in-patient department 護(hù)理部 nursing department 手術(shù)室 operation room 病房ward 藥房 pharmacy

醫(yī)務(wù)人員

院長(zhǎng) director of the hospital 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 physician 內(nèi)科主任 head of physician 外科醫(yī)生 surgeon 外科主任 head of surgeon 住院醫(yī)生 resident doctor 主治醫(yī)生 attending doctor 產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生 obstetrician 小兒科醫(yī)生 pediatrician 護(hù)士長(zhǎng) head nurse 實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生 intern 救死扶傷 save the dying people and rescue the wounded

疾病

先天性疾病 congenital disease 急性病 acute disease 慢性病 chronic disease 流行病 epidemic disease 職業(yè)病 occupational disease 傳染病 contagious disease 過(guò)敏 allergy

小兒麻痹癥 polio 闌尾炎 appendicitis 霍亂 cholera 癌癥 cancer 糖尿病 diabetes

高血壓 high-blood pressure 肥胖癥 obesity

支氣管炎 bronchitis 哮喘 asthma 關(guān)節(jié)炎 arthritis

非典型性肺炎 SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome 流感 influenza

甲型流感 A Influenza 禽流感 bird flu

瘋牛病 mad-cow disease

口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

手足口病 had-foot-and-mouth disease 塵肺病 black lung disease 狂犬病 rabies 水痘 chickenpox 天花 smallpox 瘧疾 malaria

艾滋病 AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

治療方法

西醫(yī) western medicine 量體溫 take temperature 量血壓 take blood pressure 驗(yàn)血 test blood 血型 blood type 胸透 chest X-ray

全身檢查 general check-up 藥房 prescription

開(kāi)藥 give sb.a prescription 口服 oral administration

外用 external use 中醫(yī)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)/ alternative 計(jì)劃生育 family planning

提倡優(yōu)生優(yōu)育,鼓勵(lì)晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy medicine 針灸 acupuncture and moxibustion 草藥 herbal medicine 拔火罐 cupping 推拿 massage 氣功療法 traditional Chinese breathing exercises 中西醫(yī)結(jié)合 a combination of Chinese and western medicine 保健

保健食品 health food/health-care food 藥酒 medical wine/liquor 人參 ginseng 蜂王漿 royal jelly 疫苗 vaccine 鮮血 donate blood 個(gè)人衛(wèi)生 personal hygiene 免疫力 immunity 治愈率 cure rate 發(fā)病率 incidence of a disease 預(yù)防為主 put prevention first

Population and family planning 常住人口 permanent population 流動(dòng)人口 floating population

盲流 the unemployed migrant people 勞動(dòng)力 labor force 外來(lái)工 migrant worker 臨時(shí)工 seasonal worker 人口普查 census

人口基數(shù) population base 人口稠密 densely populated 人口稀少 sparsely populated 人口爆炸 population explosion 人口過(guò)剩 overpopulation 出生率 birth rate 死亡率 mortality rate

自然增長(zhǎng)率 natural growth rate 人口老化 aging of population 合法婚齡 legal age for marriage 結(jié)婚高峰 marriage boom 生育高峰 baby boom period

and scientific nurture, and encourage late marriage and postponed child-bearing

破除重男輕女習(xí)俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters

多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings 男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman 傳宗接代 carry on the family line

養(yǎng)兒防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age 避孕 contraception

避孕用品 contraceptives 人工流產(chǎn) abortion 節(jié)育 birth control 產(chǎn)婦 lying-in women

婚前檢查 premarriage health checkings 孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率 maternal mortality rate 嬰兒死亡率 infant mortality rate

節(jié)育率（避孕率）contraceptive prevalence rate 總和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr)平均預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy at birth

每年人口增加數(shù) annual increment of the population 人口基數(shù)大 large population base

平均年增長(zhǎng)數(shù) average annual increase 平均年增長(zhǎng)率 average annual growth rate 城市化 urbanization

人口流動(dòng) movement of population 流動(dòng)人口 floating population

人口老齡化 the aging of population 更替水平population replacement level 社會(huì)保障體系 social security system

農(nóng)村剩余勞力的轉(zhuǎn)移 the transfer of rural surplus labors 正規(guī)的學(xué)校教育 formal school education

到去年年末，中國(guó)人口已達(dá)到11億8千5百萬(wàn)，比上一年凈增長(zhǎng)1346萬(wàn)。By the end of last year, the Chinese population had reached 1,185 million, a net increase of 13.34 million from a year ago.計(jì)劃生育政策符合中國(guó)國(guó)情，符合整個(gè)國(guó)家的利益。The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions and serves the interests of the whole nation.sixth nationwide population census 第六次全國(guó)人口普查 door-to-door interviews/door-to-door household survey 入戶摸底調(diào)查

census enumerators 人口普查員 confidentiality agreements 保密協(xié)議

Beijing permanent residency/hukou 北京市常住戶口 household register 戶口登記簿 temporary residence permit 暫住證

local permanent residence permit 長(zhǎng)期居住證 mobile population流動(dòng)人口 aging of population 人口老齡化 demographic dividend 人口紅利

rural left-behind population 農(nóng)村留守人口 urban population 城鎮(zhèn)人口 rural population 農(nóng)村人口

functional population zones人口功能區(qū) birth rate/natality rate 出生率 births 出生人數(shù) birth peaks 出生高峰 mortality rate 死亡率

general mortality rate 總死亡率 infant mortality rate 嬰兒死亡率

sex-age-specific death rate 分性別年齡死亡率 mean age at death平均死亡年齡 average length of life平均壽命 natural growth 人口自然增長(zhǎng)

NPG(negative population growth)人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng) ZPG(zero population growth)人口零增長(zhǎng) annual growth rate 年增長(zhǎng)率

average annual rate of growth平均年增長(zhǎng)率 vital index 出生死亡比例 vital statistics 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)

age-sex composition 年齡性別組成 age structure 年齡結(jié)構(gòu) age group 年齡組

expectation of life平均預(yù)期壽命

rejuvenation of population 人口年輕化 sex ratio 性比率

sampling survey 抽樣調(diào)查 random sampling 隨機(jī)抽樣 questionaire 調(diào)查表 place of birth 出生地 date of birth 出生日期 sampling error 抽樣誤差 migration 遷居

emigration 遷出、移居國(guó)外 immigration 遷入、移居入境 migrant 移民

internal migration 國(guó)內(nèi)遷移 migration rate 遷移率

Education and Talents

School Personal and organs

小學(xué)一、二年級(jí)學(xué)生 a primary school student in Grade One/ a second-grade pupil

中學(xué)初

一、高三學(xué)生 a(secondary school)student in Junior One/ Senior Three

一年級(jí)大學(xué)生 freshman 二年級(jí)大學(xué)生 sophomore 三年級(jí)大學(xué)生 junior student 四年級(jí)大學(xué)生 senior student

研究生 a graduate student/ a postgraduate student 向某人授予學(xué)位 confer a degree on sb.走讀生 a day student/ a non-resident student 應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生 graduating student 學(xué)生會(huì) the students’ union

班主任 the teacher in charge of the class/ the Head Teacher of the class

訪問(wèn)學(xué)者 a visiting scholar 碩士生導(dǎo)師 tutor

博士生導(dǎo)師 supervisor/ adviser 院士 academician

兩院院士 academician of Chinese Academy of Science and Chinese Academy of Engineering

School activities

教書(shū)育人 impart knowledge and educate people

學(xué)生交付 alleviate/ lighten the burden of the students 教學(xué)大綱 the reaching program/ syllabus 批改學(xué)生的卷子 to correct students’ papers 期中考試 the mid-term exam

我們語(yǔ)法測(cè)試了 We took a test in/ on grammar.口試、筆試 oral exam/ written exam 給考卷打分 to mark the papers

他正忙于畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、寫(xiě)論文 He is busy with his graduation project/ paper

文憑、畢業(yè)證書(shū) a diploma/ a graduation certificate 學(xué)生證 the student’s identity card 補(bǔ)考 make-up exam

學(xué)校紀(jì)律 school discipline

獎(jiǎng)狀、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)證書(shū) a certificate merit 他曠了一節(jié)課 He cut a class.他逃學(xué) He cut school.他被學(xué)校開(kāi)除了 He was expelled from school.他擅自曠課 He was absent from school without leave.給他一個(gè)警告處分 give him a disciplinary warning 學(xué)費(fèi)，書(shū)費(fèi) tuition/ money spent on books

Schools, universities and subjects 托兒所 a nursery 幼兒園 a kindergarten 北大附中 Middle School attached/ affiliated to Peking University 大專 a junior college 高等院校 institutions of higher education/ higher learning 重點(diǎn)、非重點(diǎn)大學(xué) a key/ a non-key university 成人夜校 a night school/ an evening school for adults 函授學(xué)校 a correspondence school 遠(yuǎn)程教育 distance education/learning 專升本 upgrade from associate degree to bachelor’s degree 中等專業(yè)學(xué)校 a secondary specialized school 技工學(xué)校 a technical school 職業(yè)學(xué)校 a vocational school 普及初等、中等教育 achieve universal primary/ secondary education 義務(wù)教育 compulsory school 聾啞學(xué)校 a school for deaf-mutes 幼兒師范學(xué)校 a school for kindergarten teachers 護(hù)士學(xué)校 a nursing school 舞蹈學(xué)校 a dancing school 戲劇學(xué)校 a drama school 文科大學(xué) universities of liberal arts 理工科大學(xué) universities of science and engineering 必修課 compulsory class 選修課 optional/ elective class 招生簡(jiǎn)章 prospectus/ enrolment catalogue 準(zhǔn)考證 exam admission card

Hot issues in educations 普及九年制義務(wù)教育 make the nine-year compulsory education universal 民辦學(xué)校 schools run by non-governmental sectors 自學(xué)考試 examination for self-taught students 學(xué)分制 credit system 應(yīng)試教育 exam-oriented education

素質(zhì)教育 quality-oriented education 實(shí)踐能力 practical ability

大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) university students start up their own business 自費(fèi)留學(xué) self-funded study abroad

海外留學(xué)人員 Chinese students and scholars studying abroad

托福熱降溫了 the TOEFL fever has cooled down.考研 take part in the entrance examination for graduate/ postgraduate schools

考研熱 craze for graduate school

大專生 a junior college student;associate-degree student 在職博士生 an on-the-job doctorate

碩博連讀 a continuous academic project involves postgraduate and doctoral study

同等學(xué)力 have the same educational level 雙學(xué)位 double degree

特困生 the most needy student

擔(dān)任系學(xué)生會(huì)干部 serve as an official of the departmental school union

擔(dān)任校學(xué)生會(huì)宣傳部部長(zhǎng) be the Head of the Publicity Department of the university’s student union

通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試 pass the College English Test Band 4

獲六級(jí)證書(shū) obtain a certificate of CET-6

被評(píng)為“三好學(xué)生” be cited as “three-good student” 獲三等獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 be awarded the third-class scholarship 召開(kāi)家長(zhǎng)會(huì) to hold a parent-teacher meeting

雙向選擇 two-way selection(with employers and graduating students choosing each other in a job market)

世界觀，人生觀，價(jià)值觀 world outlook/ outlook on life/ outlook on values

陶冶情操 cultivate taste and temperament

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge economy 知識(shí)密集 knowledge intensive 偽科學(xué) pseudo-science

招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室 enrollment and vocation guidance office

人才流失 brain drain

人才交流 talents exchange 職業(yè)培訓(xùn) job training

211工程 211 Project for higher education

科教興國(guó) rejuvenate China through science and education 復(fù)合型人才 inter-disciplinary talent 勤工助學(xué) work-study 師資力量 the quality of teaching staff 品學(xué)兼優(yōu) excellent in character and learning

經(jīng)濟(jì)類

1.出租車起步價(jià) flag down fare 2.法定準(zhǔn)備金率 required reserve ratio 3.實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) real economy 虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì) fictitious economy 4.反盜版 anti-piracy

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights 5.出口退稅 tax rebates

人民幣升值 the yuan’s appreciation 6.信貸緊縮 credit crunch

次貸危機(jī) subprime mortgage rate 最優(yōu)惠貸款利率 prime rate 7.經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房 economically affordable house 8.安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 9 住房保障制度 housing security system 10.大宗交易系統(tǒng) block trading system 競(jìng)價(jià)交易系統(tǒng) bid trading system 11.暴利稅 windfall tax 12.從緊的貨幣政策 tight monetary policy 13.寬松的貨幣政策 easy monetary policy 14.審慎的財(cái)政政策 prudent fiscal policy 15.油價(jià)飆升 oil prices surge 16.原油價(jià)飆升 crude oil prices surge 17.石油輸出國(guó)組織 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)18.原油儲(chǔ)備 crude oil stockpiles 19.輕質(zhì)原油 light sweet crude 20.使人均GDP翻兩番 to quadruple per capita GDP 21.股權(quán)收購(gòu)、股權(quán)投資 stake purchase;take stakes 22.房屋中介 letting agent 保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 insurance agent 地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 estate agent 23.直銷 direct selling 傳銷 pyramid selling 24.吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback 25.洗錢 money laundering 26.透支 overdraft 27.股市牛年 bullish year 28.上市子公司 listed subsidiary

29.海關(guān)稅收 customs revenue 30.稅收減免 tax break 31.貨幣升值 revaluation

32.貨幣經(jīng)紀(jì)人 money broker 33.起征點(diǎn) cutoff point 34.暴發(fā)戶；新貴 upstart

35.養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) endowment insurance 36.解雇金 severance pay 37.勾銷債款 write off 38.職員總數(shù) headcount 39.逃稅 tax evasion

40.公開(kāi)募款 initial public offering

41.戰(zhàn)略石油儲(chǔ)備 strategic petroleum reserve 42.基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) benchmark 43.出口補(bǔ)貼 export subsidy 44.反托拉斯 anti—trust

45.資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 balance sheet 46.貨存，庫(kù)存量 inventory 47.反傾銷 antidumping

48.不足，赤字，差額 shortfall

49.美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng) Federal Reserve 50.資本凈值 net worth

香爐 incense burner 八仙桌 square table

王母娘娘 the Queen of Heaven 銀河 the Milky Way

因公殉職 perish in the line of duty 藥檢；興奮劑檢查 doping test 壓力鍋 pressure cooker

終點(diǎn)裁判員 finishing [placing] judge 救生衣 life vest

泄洪 release flood waters 代理市長(zhǎng) acting mayor 槍支管控 gun control 擱淺 run aground 馬賽克 digital mosaic

第三篇：口譯學(xué)習(xí)心得

學(xué)習(xí)口譯的小結(jié)

學(xué)習(xí)口譯課程的收獲：

口譯課程對(duì)于我們是一個(gè)全新的挑戰(zhàn)，初接觸時(shí)覺(jué)得過(guò)程甚是艱難。經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)與磨合，我在聽(tīng)譯方面能的能力有了些提高，雖然事實(shí)上還只是知道了些皮毛而已。

從口譯的基本理論知識(shí)上，明白了什么是口譯、口譯的特點(diǎn)、口譯的類型等等；從課堂上的練習(xí)上，聽(tīng)辨信息能力、辨音能力也得到了提高；從老師教授的學(xué)習(xí)方法上，明白了如何進(jìn)行口譯記憶與記錄口譯筆記等。所授所學(xué)十分的豐富，可實(shí)際的接受能力又是因人而異的。

個(gè)人在口譯學(xué)習(xí)上的問(wèn)題：

首要的問(wèn)題是聽(tīng)力，這是我的弱項(xiàng)之一。課堂一直都在訓(xùn)練，畢竟時(shí)間有限。知道這只能是個(gè)人的問(wèn)題。老師也只能耳提面命，要加強(qiáng)這方面的訓(xùn)練呀。因此也常常覺(jué)得對(duì)老師有種愧疚感。

第二，記憶方面。聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，腦子要記，筆頭也要記。對(duì)于手腦平衡思維不夠的，還真是個(gè)大麻煩。

第三，則是翻譯。在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，所有接受到的信息，需要在短時(shí)間安內(nèi)經(jīng)過(guò)邏輯思維，以清晰的語(yǔ)言組織出來(lái)。這需要有較好的母語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力以及廣博的知識(shí)?？偠灾?，這是個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。口譯對(duì)口譯工作者的要求很高。扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)、較強(qiáng)的記憶力、較好的表達(dá)能力、良好的心理素質(zhì)等都是口譯員應(yīng)該具備的素質(zhì)。

建議；

一、避免制造緊張的氛圍，因?yàn)闀?huì)導(dǎo)致同學(xué)們的思維混亂，口齒不清。也需要提高同學(xué)們的心理素質(zhì)。

二、可以設(shè)置口譯模擬。讓同學(xué)們互相合作。在犯錯(cuò)誤的過(guò)程中，我們會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)思考，進(jìn)而容易接受。

作為個(gè)人，也許將來(lái)我不是從事口譯員的工作，我相信今天所學(xué)的知識(shí)在潛移默化中對(duì)我是很有助益的。在今后，我會(huì)加強(qiáng)對(duì)自身的管理，為將來(lái)的可能口譯機(jī)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。

謝謝老師！

第四篇：口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法

各位大家好

我就是jacky，那個(gè)帖子《我如何用一年考上歐盟口譯司》一文的作者。我一直都想把這種系統(tǒng)的方法能夠通過(guò)一個(gè)很好的方式傳遞給其他人，讓更多的人找到夢(mèng)想，發(fā)現(xiàn)真諦。所以，我和朋友們一起集中智慧，起草了下面的這個(gè)操作的原則和程序，算作是一次大型的免費(fèi)口譯培訓(xùn)，希望你能夠看懂，如果有什么問(wèn) 題，可以回帖，如果沒(méi)有，就可以直接開(kāi)始了，一共六個(gè)月的進(jìn)程，如果你能嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行下來(lái)，考上二級(jí)口譯應(yīng)該沒(méi)問(wèn)題 1 分為6個(gè)不同的階段，也就是6個(gè)月，到什么階段，達(dá)到什么程度 2 在論壇上法帖，監(jiān)督自己學(xué)習(xí)，也接受別人的監(jiān)督，3 完成了一個(gè)階段，給負(fù)責(zé)人發(fā)郵件，才可以收到下一階段的學(xué)習(xí)指示，所以大家必須要學(xué)習(xí)后在論壇上發(fā)帖，證明你每天都在學(xué)習(xí)，我們的方法，只能提供給真正熱愛(ài)的朋友。4 辦一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)口譯員解答專欄。稍候我們會(huì)開(kāi)通這個(gè)服務(wù) 7 有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)的具體進(jìn)程：

第一個(gè)月: 模仿新聞1h + 新聞精聽(tīng) 2h 基本上聽(tīng)新聞同類話題可以大致理解

第二個(gè)月：（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽(tīng)力一次準(zhǔn)確理解大約50-60%，語(yǔ)言能力得到增長(zhǎng)，語(yǔ)音有所轉(zhuǎn)變

第三個(gè)月：（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽(tīng)力一次準(zhǔn)確理解大約70-80%，基本上達(dá)到語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用有了一定積累，新聞聽(tīng)力一次準(zhǔn)確理解大約80-90%，語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用比較正規(guī)，能夠用新聞和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表述一些復(fù)雜論點(diǎn)，開(kāi)始筆記練習(xí)

第五個(gè)月:（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽(tīng)力進(jìn)入快速階段，越來(lái)越好。語(yǔ)言能力繼續(xù)提升，筆記基本上能夠紀(jì)錄短時(shí)間的文章

第六個(gè)月：（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽(tīng)力達(dá)到接近2倍速，語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用比較完整，筆記基本上能夠應(yīng)付一般場(chǎng)合可以參加二級(jí)口譯考試，并且通過(guò)（嚴(yán)格按照所說(shuō)的程序的情況下）。其中1h，2h，均指一個(gè)小時(shí)，或者兩個(gè)小時(shí)，也就是每次學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，每天的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容是一定的，但是具體什么時(shí)候，這個(gè)可以自由安排

請(qǐng)大家注意，如果你真地想要緊緊依靠在線學(xué)習(xí)成功的話，請(qǐng)務(wù)必按照我們的步驟來(lái)做，這些都是我實(shí)踐之后得出的一些規(guī)律，希望大家不要倒行逆施。你每天都必須要寫(xiě)每一個(gè)涉及學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的心得，否則的話，我們認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有在學(xué)習(xí)。

各個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)課程的具體程序，以下程序都可在電腦上完成，并且建議使用其中提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格，所以最好能夠有個(gè)便攜式電腦：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格下載：

每日精聽(tīng)具體程序,時(shí)間120：

一）下載新聞資料（包括文本和音頻）

如果你沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了，就可以開(kāi)始踏上自己孤獨(dú)的征服口譯的歷程了！！

進(jìn)入第一個(gè)階段：

第一個(gè)月: 模仿新聞1h + 新聞精聽(tīng) 2h + 實(shí)用英語(yǔ)口譯教程 1h篇二：口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法 if youre just beginning to explore interpretation as a career choice, the first thing you need to know is that with simultaneous interpretation, youre multitasking like crazy.you listen to what the speaker says, wait a second or two, interpret what they said while at the same time listen to what the speaker says next and remember that so you can interpret that segment correctly when youre done with the current one your working on!thats why a simultaneous interpreter needs at least a 5 minute break for every hour of interpretation.so in order to improve your skills, you need to be able to multitask on a high level.the very first step then is to do something called shadowing.shadowing is repeating what the speaker says word for word in the same language.this will get you used to maintaining the correct delay and will help you listen to what the speaker says while repeating what he/she has just said.the next step is to add another element while your shadowing.this can be something simple like bouncing a ball to yourself or drawing a simple picture while youre shadowing.what this does is get your brain used to doing multiple things at once.the goal is to get to where youre doing things on a subconscious level because if you have to think while you interpret, youll be dead in the water.finally, when you can do multiple things while shadowing(in both languages), its time to add in the actual interpretation.it is a jump to go from shadowing to full-fledged interpretation, but the shadowing part is necessary to help you get a feel for the super-linguistic phenomenon youll encounter in the actual interpretation, such as the speed of different speakers, how much you can delay, and endurance.the great thing about practicing simultaneous interpretation is that you can do it anywhere.while youre driving, tune your radio to talk radio and shadow what the host and callers say.while exercising with your ipod, listen to some podcasts and practice shadowing or interpreting what is being said.shadowing while exercising is definitely multitasking!just remember that even though interpretation is difficult, it is a skill that can be learned after a lot of practice, so if youre willing to stick to it, you will reach your goals.as part of our degree training, we did a couple of interpreter training exercises to get a feel for what it was like to interpret.when we did our training, we would go into a small room, listen to a speech played back on a cassette tape, and use that tape to do whatever exercise we were supposed to do that day, whether it was shadowing, or interpreting(or in my case, a sad, sad excuse for interpreting).the one thing about the tapes, though, was that they were cumbersome.it was hard finding the right spot, you couldnt easily go back and go over a spot you wanted to try again, and it was difficult if you wanted to record yourself trying to interpret because that meant you had to deal with two tapes.well, luckily, the internet(and technology in general)has given interpreters some more convenient tools for simultaneous interpreter training.now you dont have to go to a separate room somewhere and use specialized equipment to at least find out if interpreting is something that you like to do or get more advanced training in.as you can see in the video below, the nearly 9 minute-long press conference is entirely in spanish.簡(jiǎn)歷：外交部翻譯室

為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬及米歇爾、副總統(tǒng)丹奎爾/馬來(lái)西亞總理納吉/新加坡總理/英國(guó)王子/成思危/曾培炎/數(shù)十位中外部長(zhǎng)大使/薩馬蘭奇/羅格/朗朗/以及芮成鋼、王小丫等主持的大型活動(dòng)做過(guò)同傳；曾為北京奧組委近30場(chǎng)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)做同傳；擔(dān)任廣州2010年亞運(yùn)會(huì)50多場(chǎng)決賽賽后新聞發(fā)布會(huì)口譯（與日英、韓英、俄英、阿英譯員進(jìn)行接力交傳）。(我對(duì)這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的理解。特貼于此，希望對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)口譯的朋友有所幫助。問(wèn)1.一篇材料應(yīng)該練到什么程度才算是過(guò)關(guān)？

學(xué)生：我比較傾向于細(xì)化。常常巴不得把一篇材料中涉及的所有背景知識(shí)弄明白，把所有的詞匯都列出來(lái)，甚至還會(huì)對(duì)比較難的文章進(jìn)行翻譯，覺(jué)得只有這樣做才會(huì)心安。但這樣一來(lái)，進(jìn)度就會(huì)非常慢。而且一篇翻譯過(guò)的文章應(yīng)該就不再適合同傳練習(xí)了，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)知道講者的內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有新鮮感了。有人認(rèn)為可先同傳一遍，聽(tīng)自己的錄音，然后再對(duì)文本進(jìn)行交傳。但是有時(shí)吃得太透不被鼓勵(lì)。我現(xiàn)在的搭檔非常非?？炭啵@對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一件求之不得的事情，但是這位同學(xué)似乎更注重于練習(xí)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度與材料的篇數(shù)，而對(duì)準(zhǔn)確度要求不太高。在這個(gè)程度的把握上，我有些不知所措。

湯的理解： 1.沒(méi)有任何一點(diǎn)疑問(wèn)了才算過(guò)關(guān)，也就是100%吃透。這樣要求看似不合理，實(shí)際是必須的，盡管有難度。試想：真正的口譯現(xiàn)場(chǎng)千變?nèi)f化的、無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)講話具體內(nèi)容和討論邊界，各種知識(shí)永遠(yuǎn)不夠用。是不是？所以平時(shí)練習(xí)應(yīng)該做到都搞透，自己上網(wǎng)、搭檔互助、請(qǐng)教老師（注意：知識(shí)面的東西，像海洋，往往老師也不能當(dāng)面給你答案，所以要在實(shí)在無(wú)法獲得答案的情況下再請(qǐng)教老師，并給老師解答的時(shí)間，比如給其發(fā)郵件，老師解決問(wèn)題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，他或她也可以請(qǐng)教其同事好友，或查閱相關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或資料，最終也許能給你解答。總之不篇三：中級(jí)口譯相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)方法

中級(jí)口譯考試筆試題型分值一欄 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2006年8月21日

中級(jí)口譯考試筆試項(xiàng)目一覽表（及格分：150）卷別 序號(hào) 題號(hào) 1-20 1 第一 階段 1-7 c: listening translation 主觀聽(tīng)譯 7 30 12 項(xiàng)目名稱 聽(tīng)力 a：spot dictation 題型 忠實(shí)填空

題數(shù) 計(jì)分 20 30 比重 % 36 12 40 時(shí)間(分鐘)2 3 4 合計(jì)

英譯漢 漢譯英

單選 主觀翻譯 主觀翻譯 30 1 1 89 60 50 50 250 24 20 20 100 50 30 30 150 中級(jí)口譯考試口試項(xiàng)目一覽表（主觀判斷及格分）

卷別 序號(hào) 題號(hào) 第二 階段 1 2 1 1-16 項(xiàng)目名稱 口語(yǔ) 口譯

題型 主觀 主觀

題數(shù) 1 16 考試時(shí)間（分鐘）

:1.下個(gè)月上旬也就是2009年3月14日，我要參加上海市中級(jí)口譯筆試部份的考試。聽(tīng)力我想問(wèn)題不大，現(xiàn)在我也在聽(tīng)寫(xiě)“中口”的聽(tīng)力資料。閱讀有些問(wèn)題，我明顯感到時(shí)間不夠而且看得有些一知半解，錯(cuò)誤率挺高。它的要求是在五十分鐘內(nèi)讀6篇文章，平均下來(lái)一篇也就留給考生8分鐘左右的時(shí)間，而且篇幅很長(zhǎng)詞匯量也挺多的。

雖然special english的文章很簡(jiǎn)單沒(méi)什么難度，但平時(shí)我也會(huì)買一份shanghai daily 看看，里面的文章也挺好理解的?？蔀槭裁础爸锌凇崩锏奈恼驴吹脜s令人發(fā)暈，或許是里面存在著許多“因、轉(zhuǎn)、并、比”的邏輯關(guān)系。在您的講座中強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀也要一字一字“摳”，力求字字懂，句句懂?？煽荚囍挥形迨昼?，時(shí)間不允許?。×硗庑聳|方教口譯的老師推薦的一種方法是：選重點(diǎn)的讀。也就是跳過(guò)“分詞在句首的句子、引語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、例子?..”，只讀專家的話，轉(zhuǎn)折強(qiáng)調(diào)詞以后的句子?..。對(duì)此我就比較困惑了，閱讀到底該怎么“讀”，您能否幫我指點(diǎn)一下。2.“中口”考試中漢譯英的考題都是些政治性很強(qiáng)的文章，如：“我國(guó)首次月球探測(cè)工程的成功，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的千年奔月夢(mèng)想，并開(kāi)始了中國(guó)人走向深空探索宇宙奧秘的時(shí)代，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入世界具有探測(cè)能力的國(guó)家行列。這是我國(guó)推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新、建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家取得的又一標(biāo)志性成果，是中華民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上實(shí)現(xiàn)的又一歷史性跨越，是中華民族為人類和平并發(fā)利用外層空間作出的又一重大貢獻(xiàn)。全體中華兒女都為我們偉大祖國(guó)取得的這一輝煌成就感到驕傲和自豪！”我現(xiàn)在的水平只能背一背special english里的文章，讓我翻上述這段文字確實(shí)有些困難。怎么辦呢？我該如何準(zhǔn)備？（提問(wèn)者：應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生網(wǎng)友，提問(wèn)時(shí)間:2009年03月30日）

答: 長(zhǎng)篇巨制的問(wèn)題，問(wèn)得好不辛苦！呵呵 做閱讀是很泛泛的了，建立在一定英語(yǔ)水平上才談得上“技巧”，首先，從應(yīng)試的角度，不需要也不可能看通每篇文章。時(shí)間有限，先看題目，然后略讀全文，把握主旨，然后到文中找關(guān)鍵字，重點(diǎn)讀和問(wèn)題相關(guān)的句子，其他的只好掃一眼過(guò)去了。如果像你分析的那樣“精讀”，恐怕15分鐘也搞不定。至于翻譯，更是與語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)相關(guān)，中級(jí)口譯，翻譯并不難的，所以你記住，表達(dá)出意思，基本分就有了。政治類經(jīng)濟(jì)類的也不難，你會(huì)背書(shū)，為什么不看翻譯書(shū)，那本書(shū)上盡是這些與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新之類的套話，背出來(lái)，問(wèn)題就解決了。中級(jí)口譯不會(huì)讓你翻譯類似文言文的，最重要的意

思表達(dá)出來(lái)，要想翻譯得高分，比聽(tīng)力閱讀難得多了。長(zhǎng)難句如果翻譯有困難，把它拆開(kāi)，平時(shí)要留心英語(yǔ)中老長(zhǎng)的句子，多加分析，很快自己就會(huì)翻譯的。好吧，加油吧。祝你好運(yùn)

推薦：

重點(diǎn)閱讀editorial和feature這種文體，文體特點(diǎn)：實(shí)效性、爭(zhēng)議性

雜志national geographic 電子光盤(pán)discovery 看盤(pán)的方法：聽(tīng)原聲看英文字幕 口試有一定難度，首先你要加強(qiáng)自己的口語(yǔ)和聽(tīng)力能力，這點(diǎn)是硬的，誰(shuí)都沒(méi)辦法給你提供捷徑。

然后，你要會(huì)速記。因?yàn)橐魩俣群芸?，一些關(guān)鍵性的詞語(yǔ)很容易漏掉而因此失分，很不值。這里有一點(diǎn)很重要，你要學(xué)會(huì)提煉關(guān)鍵詞，把沒(méi)用的句子剔除。不然時(shí)間會(huì)來(lái)不及的。最后，就是口譯詞匯的背誦了，因?yàn)楹统Ｓ迷~匯不同，比較官方。所以，一定要事先有一定的詞匯量，這樣才不怕聽(tīng)不懂，說(shuō)不出。

我就是這么學(xué)口譯的，至于有什么書(shū)么。一個(gè)是 梅德明教授的教材是最關(guān)鍵的，還有昂立的中口必備是不錯(cuò)的參考書(shū)，建議你去買一本看看。希望我的回答能給你的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助！！

多練,聽(tīng)原版英語(yǔ),做真題.第一，去學(xué)一點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單的速記 第二，多聽(tīng)多翻多練。

第三，全方面提高自己的英語(yǔ)水平，比如多看英文報(bào)紙，原版碟等等。推薦：shanghai star，輕松有趣的一份報(bào)紙

把那本口譯書(shū)背出來(lái)，我就是這么過(guò)的。

其它回答(3)多練,聽(tīng)原版英語(yǔ),做真題.第一，去學(xué)一點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單的速記 第二，多聽(tīng)多翻多練。

第三，全方面提高自己的英語(yǔ)水平，比如多看英文報(bào)紙，原版碟等等。推薦：shanghai star，輕松有趣的一份報(bào)紙

把那本口譯書(shū)背出來(lái)，我就是這么過(guò)的。

準(zhǔn)備四本教材《中級(jí)口語(yǔ)教程》，《中級(jí)翻譯教程》，《中級(jí)口譯教程》，《中級(jí)聽(tīng)力教程》，將上面所有的詞匯全都背上，課文最好也能背上，考試前2個(gè)月寫(xiě)真題，中級(jí)挺好過(guò)的，祝你考個(gè)好成績(jī)！

筆譯部分的話，將需要買的那幾本書(shū)看一看，其中聽(tīng)力要多練練，特別是聽(tīng)譯句子和段落，翻譯那本書(shū)比較不錯(cuò)，要精讀，如果你底子還不錯(cuò)的話，估計(jì)就差不多了，口譯要等筆試過(guò)了才報(bào)名，到時(shí)候在準(zhǔn)備吧！加油，好運(yùn)！

中級(jí)口譯口試該如何準(zhǔn)備？

本文作者：汪亮 悄無(wú)聲息間，上海中高級(jí)口譯考試迎來(lái)了第十二個(gè)年頭，而這十二年也見(jiàn)證了口譯考試從最初的不為人所知，到普遍接受，再到如今 ” 滿城盡報(bào)中高口 ” 熱潮的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。從歷年中級(jí)口譯第二部分的考試情況來(lái)看，難度逐年加大。這種難度不僅僅反映在單詞，句型的復(fù)雜程度，而且反映在句子的長(zhǎng)度上。此外，考試中對(duì)于考生需要掌握的背景知識(shí)的深度也是 2000 年之前難以想象的。下面，筆者就結(jié)合在上海新東方中級(jí)口譯班上的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，針對(duì)如何備考 2007 年口譯第二階段口試給廣大考生提一些建議，希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹矣兴鶐椭?。第二階段口試共分兩部分。一是三分鐘的英語(yǔ)命題口語(yǔ)，二是四段口譯：二段英譯中、二段中譯英。第一部分，即三分鐘口語(yǔ)，要求考生用英文表達(dá)自己對(duì)于所給題目的觀點(diǎn)，要求觀點(diǎn)清晰，論據(jù)充足，表達(dá)流利，語(yǔ)法正確。從考試的普遍情況來(lái)看，說(shuō)不滿三分鐘是很多考生最終失敗的主要原因。其根源就在于考生平時(shí)忽視了對(duì)于這個(gè)部分的練習(xí)，總以為考前背幾個(gè)主題方面的句子或者段落就可以解決問(wèn)題。其實(shí)不然。因?yàn)榭谡Z(yǔ)的內(nèi)容五花八門，包羅萬(wàn)象，不是簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單背幾個(gè)段落就可以的。這需要考生平時(shí)長(zhǎng)期系統(tǒng)的口語(yǔ)練習(xí)。

筆者拙見(jiàn)，考生首先應(yīng)擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)面，盡量能夠多閱讀報(bào)刊，雜志，多聽(tīng)多看新聞，把握住最新的時(shí)事動(dòng)態(tài)。原因很明顯，第二部分口試對(duì)于時(shí)事的考核是非常多的，很多考生其實(shí)有不錯(cuò)的詞匯量和口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，但是由于對(duì)某個(gè)主題，尤其是自己平時(shí)不太熟悉的主題缺乏了解，導(dǎo)致在考試中出現(xiàn)無(wú)話可說(shuō)的窘境，而其結(jié)果只能是和兩位考官“相顧無(wú)言，惟有淚千行?！迸c其考前臨時(shí)抱佛腳，不如平時(shí)苦煉內(nèi)功。考生可以每天準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)主題，按照論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)，論證，結(jié)論的步驟來(lái)進(jìn)行闡述，盡量控制在三分鐘以內(nèi)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)月之內(nèi)，就會(huì)得到初步的效果。實(shí)際上，在考試中，只要考生能夠流利的用英語(yǔ)對(duì)一個(gè)主題表達(dá)一分到一分二十秒鐘的時(shí)間就已經(jīng)足夠了。篇四：初級(jí)口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法

初級(jí)口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法 佳域通翻譯公司提供

毋庸置疑，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常有重要的，而能夠說(shuō)英語(yǔ)才是最終目的，譯網(wǎng)天下總結(jié)了一下初級(jí)口譯的學(xué)習(xí)方法，給初級(jí)口譯學(xué)員提供一點(diǎn)參考。

第一、模擬

模擬是最好的提供口語(yǔ)能力的方法之一，通過(guò)多模擬電影、電視或以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人的語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)調(diào)來(lái)提高自己的口語(yǔ)能力。

第二、朗讀

要想提高口語(yǔ)能力，一定要大聲的把英文讀出來(lái)，而且要帶有意識(shí)的去模擬母語(yǔ)朗讀也可以說(shuō)是第二模擬，所以也需要有意識(shí)地以磁帶里的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)去朗讀。在朗讀時(shí)，可以把自己的聲音錄下來(lái)，認(rèn)真聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)，并進(jìn)行比較，找出差距，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的弱點(diǎn)。

第三、復(fù)述

復(fù)述是在模擬、朗讀之后的一個(gè)再創(chuàng)作的過(guò)程，它比背誦要難?？梢员M量用自己的話復(fù)述朗讀、聽(tīng)過(guò)的或閱讀過(guò)的，也可以完全擺脫原文，組織、創(chuàng)作材料內(nèi)容。對(duì)于程度較差的人，可以先復(fù)述原文的中心思想，一句、兩句話即可。然后，由少至多。復(fù)述是在沒(méi)有人對(duì)話的情況下提高口語(yǔ)最有效的途徑之一。

第四、背誦

練習(xí)口語(yǔ)不免背誦一些東西，但很多人不喜歡背誦。不過(guò)，背誦一些名篇偶是非常有必要的.基礎(chǔ)較差的人一定要背誦一些常用的句型和表達(dá)方式。

第五，堅(jiān)持用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)日記。用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)日記無(wú)論是對(duì)提高口語(yǔ)還是提高英語(yǔ)其他方面的能力都是一個(gè)行之有效的好方法

毋庸置疑，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常有重要的，而能夠說(shuō)英語(yǔ)才是最終目的，譯網(wǎng)天下總結(jié)了一下初級(jí)口譯的學(xué)習(xí)方法，給初級(jí)口譯學(xué)員提供一點(diǎn)參考。篇五：無(wú)敵英語(yǔ)口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法

用一年時(shí)間從六級(jí)水平到考上歐盟口譯司！gre詞匯竟然六小時(shí)背一遍！un 和美國(guó)白宮會(huì)議變成2倍速度做泛聽(tīng) 基本一次聽(tīng)懂！發(fā)現(xiàn)2.5倍速是人聽(tīng)力速度反彈極限 目前在練習(xí)！我們還有多少借口繼續(xù)墮落呢？？？ 來(lái)源： 曹圣瞾的日志

請(qǐng)大家別再留言了 別再加我好友了 太多網(wǎng)友我就看不到自己朋友的新鮮事了！喜歡的話就分享吧！謝謝大家了！很多人喜歡我轉(zhuǎn)載的文章 來(lái)加我好友 其實(shí)我文章為了分享給更多人都是所有人可見(jiàn) 所以不加我也可以在主頁(yè)看到的！

我的網(wǎng)名叫做jacky，大學(xué)在青島市念書(shū)，4年，中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)。我并不象很多人那樣關(guān)注現(xiàn)在的流行，超級(jí)女聲，快樂(lè)男聲，加油！好男兒，李宇春，張靚穎或者周筆暢，我甚至可能也不知道誰(shuí)是全國(guó)7進(jìn)6，8進(jìn)7，我可能還不知道有關(guān)滿城盡帶黃金甲，鞏俐和章子怡的最新消息，可是我卻知道第六輪六方會(huì)談的結(jié)果，我也知道中國(guó)暴雨洪災(zāi)的后果，受災(zāi)地區(qū)，我還有著一段值得人駐足的一段經(jīng)歷。

畢業(yè)之后工作兩年，辭職孤單一人來(lái)到北京準(zhǔn)備考研。

當(dāng)初準(zhǔn)備的是北外的高翻學(xué)院，也就是大家俗稱的同傳專業(yè)。但是那時(shí)候除了看的是同傳的高薪之外，還有自己提高自己的英語(yǔ)水平。

我一開(kāi)始，英語(yǔ)程度也就是6級(jí)，但是經(jīng)常鍛煉口語(yǔ)，所以交流很流暢。這是我惟一的優(yōu)勢(shì)，其他的，沒(méi)有工作，計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)，看來(lái)都不是什么好事情。可是我有著很多人沒(méi)有的一樣?xùn)|西。那就是堅(jiān)定的毅力。這樣是我后來(lái)能夠成功被錄取的最重要的一點(diǎn)。

從那年1月開(kāi)始，我認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備，但是當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)于高翻沒(méi)有清晰的概念，所以很幼稚的覺(jué)得，把一套新東方推薦的60篇文章背誦下來(lái)，然后背誦gre詞匯就可以解決問(wèn)題了。結(jié)果，大概一個(gè)月之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的確有所提高，但是要是參加考試遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候開(kāi)始接觸<經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家>，發(fā)現(xiàn)根本看不懂。于是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上瘋狂的搜索和高翻相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，論壇，網(wǎng)站，blog等等，也開(kāi)始獲得了大量的信息。其中幾個(gè)重要的網(wǎng)站在這里推薦一下： 如果你想要找一個(gè)最綜合的口譯資料資源練習(xí)方法的網(wǎng)站，就去這里看看

（口譯天下/）如果你要考北外，那么究一定要經(jīng)常到北外專門的校內(nèi)網(wǎng)去看看最新的消息，還有很多牛人在哪里發(fā)帖，北外星光： /）

這些是主要的一些論壇，接下來(lái)我說(shuō)自己的努力過(guò)程的時(shí)候會(huì)提高他們的用處

為了能夠清晰明了的說(shuō)明我自己的努力過(guò)程，我把自己針對(duì)每一個(gè)考試所必需掌握的技能，進(jìn)行的練習(xí)列出來(lái)：

英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)------中英互譯新概念3，4冊(cè)，新東方精選60篇文章，張培基散文50篇，實(shí)用口譯教程全部，現(xiàn)代漢英口譯教程，現(xiàn)代漢英口譯教程練習(xí)冊(cè)，然后熟練背誦，這一共7本書(shū)！其實(shí)還有很多其他的我背誦了只有2-3遍的，就不想提了。這些書(shū)腰背誦至少3-4遍，我自己背誦了大概有10遍左右，之后總結(jié)當(dāng)中重要的，自己不熟練的句型，詞組等等，要針對(duì)自己。

聽(tīng)力------這個(gè)是我自己感到最重要的，為了鍛煉聽(tīng)力，我找到了普特論壇，并且嚴(yán)格的每天跟著一起訓(xùn)練，方法大家都可以在論壇上找到。每天聽(tīng)寫(xiě)bbc，因?yàn)関oa太簡(jiǎn)單，大概一個(gè)月左右就可以完全聽(tīng)懂。所以我一直堅(jiān)持精聽(tīng)bbc直到那年9月份，我找到了一個(gè)軟件，可以把音頻變速，叫做nv player，大家搜索，可以找到并且免費(fèi)下載，其他的軟件我也嘗試了，但是基本上都還是聲音會(huì)失真，但是這個(gè)軟件只會(huì)加快速度，聲音不會(huì)失真。之后我開(kāi)始把bbc變速聽(tīng)，變到1。1，1。2，，，最后倒了2倍速，你聽(tīng)起來(lái)這個(gè)變速可能沒(méi)有什么大不了的，但是當(dāng)你真正的用這個(gè)軟件開(kāi)始聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)，就算是從1。1跳到1。2你都會(huì)有很多東西突然間就聽(tīng)不懂了，與此同時(shí)，我還每天下載聯(lián)合國(guó)網(wǎng)站的會(huì)議現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和白宮的會(huì)議現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，不斷的變速聽(tīng)，而且普特論壇上又各種各樣的材料共我選擇，我也在不斷的精聽(tīng)，精練，倒了10月，我開(kāi)始精聽(tīng)bbc2倍速，同時(shí)開(kāi)始了我正式的同傳練習(xí)，是的，我已經(jīng)可以進(jìn)行同傳了，不過(guò)都是同傳un的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，還有白宮的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，每天都是一個(gè)小時(shí)左右，大概過(guò)了一個(gè)月，我開(kāi)始同傳voa新聞，新聞的同傳，在同傳界是一個(gè)忌諱，也就是說(shuō)沒(méi)有人去做新聞同傳，因?yàn)樾畔⒓校芏却?，速度太快，挑?zhàn)太大，但是我很勇敢的接受了挑戰(zhàn)，并且開(kāi)始堅(jiān)持每天同傳新聞，因?yàn)槲野l(fā)現(xiàn)un會(huì)議和美國(guó)白宮的會(huì)議太簡(jiǎn)單了，我每天都會(huì)把un 和美國(guó)白宮的會(huì)議現(xiàn)場(chǎng)變成2倍速來(lái)做泛聽(tīng)，基本上一次就可以聽(tīng)懂了。新增國(guó)內(nèi)會(huì)外會(huì)議視頻下載---聯(lián)合國(guó)，白宮，英國(guó)議會(huì)，中國(guó)國(guó)家新聞辦公室

后來(lái)我曾經(jīng)嘗試一次在安南進(jìn)行的聯(lián)合國(guó)的演講錄像，直接進(jìn)行同傳，基本上對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)就是放慢鏡頭！每次聽(tīng)2倍速的作用就顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)了，因?yàn)樽詈笪野l(fā)現(xiàn)基本上90%的安南演講內(nèi)容我都同傳出來(lái)了。在此期間，我不但堅(jiān)持鍛煉同傳新聞voa，并且開(kāi)始嘗試加速同傳，也就是把新聞變速到1。3倍速同傳，這個(gè)的確非常又難度，但是我還是克服了，這需要很多的勇氣還有毅力，很多人會(huì)問(wèn)我，你怎么又這樣的動(dòng)力，我說(shuō)，他們都源自我的夢(mèng)想，一個(gè)心中的夢(mèng)想，希望能夠成為一個(gè)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用自如的人，運(yùn)用自己的天分非常自如的人。于是，漸漸的，我到了12月份，已經(jīng)可以同傳voa新聞的1。5倍速了，這個(gè)是非常難的，因?yàn)樗俣群芸欤阌斜仨氁瑫r(shí)傳譯，但是這些都造就了我非凡的反映速度，還有我穩(wěn)定的心理素質(zhì)，因?yàn)?，現(xiàn)在我聽(tīng)人們說(shuō)話，就真的好像在放慢鏡頭一般。而且12月份的時(shí)候我也開(kāi)始同傳cnn，也是1。5倍速，以及npr，但是bbc我還從來(lái)沒(méi)有嘗試過(guò)，因?yàn)閎bc我一直都留給自己做每天的精聽(tīng) 在后來(lái)，voa的同傳我就變速倒了1。7倍速了，但是這已經(jīng)是今年的事情了。

第五篇：口譯考試

3.2中國(guó)酒店

中國(guó)的酒店按照星級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分為一級(jí)、二級(jí)和三級(jí)酒店。

五星級(jí)和大多數(shù)的四星級(jí)酒店屬于一級(jí)酒店。一級(jí)酒店的客房配備了全套浴室，冰箱，電話以及衛(wèi)星電視。這些酒店都擁有可以通過(guò)中央空調(diào)設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)氣溫的遙控。其他由酒店提供的附屬設(shè)施包括如商務(wù)中心、會(huì)議設(shè)施、美容室、桑拿浴室、外匯和保齡球中心、迪斯科舞廳、游泳池、健身館、飯店、咖啡廳、購(gòu)物中心以及酒吧等，全天24小時(shí)開(kāi)放。

二級(jí)酒店大致包括三星級(jí)酒店和一些二星級(jí)酒店。其客房設(shè)施和服務(wù)沒(méi)有達(dá)到一級(jí)酒店的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。不過(guò)，旅游團(tuán)通常更樂(lè)意選擇住二級(jí)酒店。

說(shuō)到設(shè)施和服務(wù)，三級(jí)酒店看起來(lái)跟西方國(guó)家的汽車旅館差不多。這些三級(jí)酒店的硬件設(shè)施自然比起那些二級(jí)酒店來(lái)是要差一些。但是，這些酒店的費(fèi)用只需低于二級(jí)酒店價(jià)格的一半的價(jià)格。因此，也廣受游客的喜歡。

3.3 史蒂夫 福布斯談《福布斯》

我祖父20世紀(jì)初來(lái)到美國(guó)。他離開(kāi)英格蘭時(shí)身上沒(méi)什么錢。連他在內(nèi)兄弟姐妹10人，不過(guò)他自小就受到很好的教育。像許多人一樣，他也是滿懷憧憬和理想來(lái)到美國(guó)的。他創(chuàng)辦了《福布斯》雜志，報(bào)道那些實(shí)干家，那些改變商業(yè)社會(huì)的人。

我祖父常說(shuō)，做生意不是堆積百萬(wàn)財(cái)富，而是為帶來(lái)幸?？鞓?lè)。如今我們講到公司、經(jīng)營(yíng)，文章中會(huì)用到許多數(shù)字，但焦點(diǎn)一直放在人上面。對(duì)公司來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的是人，而不是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。以前我祖父是這樣看的，我們現(xiàn)在也是這樣看的。

當(dāng)前的世界信息泛濫，足以將人淹沒(méi)，人們迫切需要一本刊物來(lái)解讀這些信息，告訴讀者哪些重要，哪些不重要。這就是《福布斯》的價(jià)值所在。我們提供額外的視角和判斷。我們從不停留于表面，總想看看公司到底是如何經(jīng)營(yíng)的，正是當(dāng)今蕪雜繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company

Distinguished guests, dear friends,I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts.Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50;now the figure is 1,700.Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters;now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters.These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.Our leading products are various architectural exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs.Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.Nowadays, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany.They are well received by both local importers and customers.For fifteen years our output value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%.4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year

To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year(also called Spring Festival)is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year.Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes a new year.The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is the most special, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year.Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it.It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values.The first value is the sense of family togetherness;members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner.Everyone will follow this custom.The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands.The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles.After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs.The festival door-to door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages.Some families even go to such extremes as to travel and seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as core values, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance.Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated.The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.5.2 游覽白宮

兩百多年來(lái)，白宮作為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)、美國(guó)政府以及美國(guó)人民的標(biāo)志一直屹立在那里。和這個(gè)國(guó)家的首都的歷史一樣，白宮的歷史開(kāi)始于1790年12月。華盛頓總統(tǒng)和城市設(shè)計(jì)師皮埃爾·雷芬一起選擇該址作為新的居住地，即現(xiàn)在的賓夕法尼亞大街1600號(hào)。

1792年10月，當(dāng)?shù)谝粔K奠基石造好的時(shí)候，白宮的建設(shè)就開(kāi)始了。盡管華盛頓總統(tǒng)監(jiān)督了白宮的建設(shè)，但是他從未入主白宮。直到1800年，也就是白宮臨近竣工的時(shí)候，第一位入主者約翰·亞當(dāng)斯總統(tǒng)和他的妻子阿比蓋爾搬進(jìn)了白宮。從那以后，每位入主白宮的總體都會(huì)改變?cè)械难b潢或擺設(shè)，使得白宮以新面貌出現(xiàn)。

白宮有著極其獨(dú)特和引人注目的歷史。1814年，白宮曾被付之一炬。1929年，白宮的西翼也曾被縱火。白宮的內(nèi)部全部修復(fù)過(guò)。盡管如此，其外圍石墻就是兩百多年前白宮建成時(shí)建造的。

在星期二至星期六這段時(shí)間的上午，白宮是全面開(kāi)放的。而星期天和星期一，則不對(duì)外開(kāi)放。所有在白宮內(nèi)的旅游觀光都是免費(fèi)的。

在游客進(jìn)入白宮時(shí)，通過(guò)安全檢查后方可攜帶照相機(jī)入內(nèi)。但是，在白宮內(nèi)禁止拍照和錄像。

9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China

It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy.However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy.People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows

one couple to have only one child.Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better-off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children.Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance.I will now clarify these misunderstandings.As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy.Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas.For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas.In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have.We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment.The sex ratio at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born.This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population.The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy.I would like to cite two interesting examples.My first example is the ROK.In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117.I believe there is no family planning policy in the ROK.My second example is Singapore, whose sex ratio at birth in1984 was 109.Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two reasons.The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth.Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security in rural areas.The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth.This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights.Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas.Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas is called reverse selection of population quality.I have two points to make in the regard.The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there.The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas.If a stringent One Child policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families.Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.10.3 中國(guó)與歐盟的關(guān)系

女士們、先生們、朋友們：

今天，我很榮幸給大家介紹歐盟的一些情況以及歐盟與中國(guó)的關(guān)系。

歐盟全稱叫歐洲聯(lián)盟，是在歐洲共同體基礎(chǔ)上有25個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家組成的，目的是為了加強(qiáng)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)合作。原來(lái)叫“歐共體”或“歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體”。

目前的25個(gè)成員國(guó)是：奧地利、比利時(shí)、丹麥、芬蘭、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、希臘、愛(ài)爾蘭、意大利、盧森堡、荷蘭、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英國(guó)、塞浦路斯（希臘部分）、捷克共和國(guó)、愛(ài)沙尼亞、匈牙利、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、馬耳他、波蘭、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亞。歐盟25國(guó)總面積400平方公里，差不多半個(gè)中國(guó)的面積?？?cè)丝跀?shù)為4.544億，排行第三，僅次于中國(guó)和印度，約占世界總?cè)丝诘?%。

歐盟同一貨幣為歐元，2002年一月正式啟用。到目前為止，已經(jīng)有12個(gè)歐盟國(guó)家用歐元取代其本國(guó)貨幣。同一貨幣使旅行和價(jià)格比較容易些，它還為歐洲的商業(yè)往來(lái)、刺激增長(zhǎng)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境。

目前為止，歐盟的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值逾10萬(wàn)億美元。作為一個(gè)整體，這個(gè)規(guī)模與它的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手美國(guó)差不多。經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和貿(mào)易總額分別占全球25%和35%。

歐盟與中國(guó)的關(guān)系十分良好。今年5月歐盟與中國(guó)就建交30周年了。去年，歐盟與中國(guó)的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到2，000億歐元。德國(guó)是中國(guó)的最大貿(mào)易伙伴，英國(guó)、荷蘭名列第二和第三。

歐盟正抓住當(dāng)前這一大好歷史機(jī)遇-團(tuán)結(jié)曾經(jīng)分裂的歐洲大陸，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和平、穩(wěn)定、民主的歐洲。這次歐盟的擴(kuò)大還將創(chuàng)造一個(gè)幾乎擁有5億消費(fèi)者的大市場(chǎng)，這個(gè)市場(chǎng)飽含經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)和不斷繁榮的極大潛力。

我的話完了，謝謝大家！

11.3傾銷與反傾銷

如果一家公司以比自己國(guó)內(nèi)正常市場(chǎng)價(jià)格更低的價(jià)格出口商品，即構(gòu)成“傾銷”。有些人認(rèn)為這是不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)但有些則持不同意見(jiàn)。但許多國(guó)家的政府采取一些行動(dòng)抵制傾銷行為以保護(hù)本國(guó)市場(chǎng)。世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)定并沒(méi)有針對(duì)反傾銷的制裁措施。它側(cè)重于規(guī)定一些政府是否可以或者不可以對(duì)傾銷行為采取行動(dòng)-它通常被稱為“反傾銷協(xié)定”。

典型的反傾銷行動(dòng)的手段是指對(duì)特定的出口國(guó)的特定產(chǎn)品征收額外進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，以便將其價(jià)格接近“正常價(jià)值”或消除對(duì)進(jìn)口國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的損害。

一般而言，美國(guó)、歐盟、澳大利亞和加拿大一直是反傾銷措施的主要支持者。四個(gè)傳統(tǒng)成員發(fā)起的案件占了世貿(mào)組織反傾銷案件總數(shù)的45%之多的記錄。

為什么發(fā)展中國(guó)家容易被鎖定？

首先，外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)容易引起貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端。由于積極從事出口是促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的捷徑，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家采取了出口型政策。因此，他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更依賴于對(duì)外貿(mào)易，發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家難免會(huì)有許多摩擦沖突。

第二，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的出口價(jià)格非常低。由于勞動(dòng)力比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更便宜，產(chǎn)品成本低是可以理解的。此外，來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品往往不是精心設(shè)計(jì)也不是成品，從而會(huì)影響價(jià)格。相反，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)是夕陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，它們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有其他知識(shí)型產(chǎn)業(yè)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。產(chǎn)品價(jià)格在它們的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上不合情理的高。這些因素容易引起國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)和當(dāng)局的注意。

12.4 The Secret of Nano Technology

The term nanotechnology may not sound unfamiliar any more.It has become a buzzword within the hi-tech community, but when asked what’s it about and its impact on our life, I’m afraid many people are not able to answer right away.In fact, it’s already a part of daily life for many.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.If you think nanotechnology is all in the future, think again.Nano trousers are already on sale in the United States.They feel like ordinary cotton trousers but there’s a thin nano layer, which resists spills and stains.So, if you spill your drink, this is what happens, it just runs off.The trousers aren’t even damp.So nano technology is the science of the very small.But how small is small? Well imagine I was shrunk to a 1,000 times smaller.I’d be about as big as the eye of a fly, but nano is even

smaller than that.In fact, much, much smaller.Imagine I was shrunk again, this time 10,000 times.I’d be about as big as a virus, but nano is even smaller than that.You’d have to shrink4 me another 100 times to get the nano version of me, a billion times smaller than the real me.Industry is already building devices on that scale.Here in Cambridge they’re making very thin nano layers of a plastic that emits light when electrical current runs through it.The technology will soon be on the market, in mobile phones with very bright, energy-saving displays.People will see these initially in fairly simple products like mobile phones but ultimately they will be in TV’s, and when the technology moves on to plastic, you’ll have the roll-down TV that you can put on your wall.Nanotechnology can also be applied to medicine.Ultimately, it will be applied in making a chip that can go into the body, which will release a drug or a whole variety of drugs at an assigned period of time, thus having a healing effect on the body.Nanotechnology can be used in many other fields which are closely related to our daily life as well.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.That’s why the government is backing itstrongly, yet still many critics fear possible side effects.