第一篇:形容詞副詞的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系
1.什么是形容詞
形容詞是用來修飾或描述名詞(或代詞),表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞。
? ? ? 如:Li Lei is a good student.李磊是一名好學(xué)生。China is a great country.(形容詞good修飾名詞student)? 中國是一個了不起的國家。
(形容詞great修飾名詞country)
? The coat is black.? 那件上衣是黑色的。(形容詞black表示coat的特征.2.形容詞的位置
? ? ? ? ? ? ?(1)形容詞通常用于名詞的前面。
She is a famous actress.她是位有名的演員。
He is a warm-hearted man.他是一個熱心的人。(2)形容詞用在系動詞后作表語。
Monkey is smart.猴子很機(jī)靈。It’s hot in summer.夏季,天很熱。
You look fine.你們看上去很好。
3.形容詞的反義詞
beautiful--ugly(美麗,丑陋)thick---thin(厚 薄)big---small 大小 quick---slow 快慢
old---new 舊新 luck---unluck 幸運,不幸運 good---bad 好壞 wild---strict 廣闊的,狹小的start-stop 開始,結(jié)束 hot---cold 冷 熱
up-down 上 下 left-right 左 右
black-white 黑 白 important---unimportant 重要,不重要
comfortable---uncomfortable 舒適,不舒適 sure---unsure 確信,不確定
thin-fat 瘦 胖long-short 長 短
many---little 多 少 much---few 多 少
clever---foolish 聰明 蠢 easy----difficult 容易 難
smooth---rough 光滑 粗糙 friendly----unfriendly 友好,不 友好
4.什么是副詞
? 副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句的詞,表示時間、地點、程度、狀態(tài)等。如:
?(1)The wind is blowing strongly.風(fēng)刮的很大。?(副詞strongly修飾動詞blow,表示程度)?(2)I can see clearly.我能看的清。?(副詞clearly修飾動詞see)?(3)It is very late.天很晚了。?(副詞very修飾形容詞late)
?(4)You speak too quickly.你說的太快(副詞修飾副詞)?(副詞too修飾副詞quickly)5.副詞的種類 ? 副詞根據(jù)它們的意義,可以分為下面幾類。? ? ? ?(1)時間副詞:表示“什么時候” “頻率”。
always 總是
often經(jīng)常
usually通常 seldom不常
sometimes有時
now現(xiàn)在
then那時
today今天
yesterday昨天
?(2)地點副詞:主要描述地點。
? here這里
there那兒
up向上
?(3)程度副詞:主要表示程度。
? much很;非常
little很少
very非常 ? too太
enough足夠地
quite十分地 ?(4)方式副詞:主要表示“怎樣地”。
? slowly慢慢地
quickly快地
suddenly突然地 ? warmly熱情地
neatly整潔地
quietly安靜地 ? badly糟糕地
happily快樂地 ?(5)疑問副詞:用來引導(dǎo)一個特殊疑問句。? how 怎樣
when 什么時候 ? where 在哪里
why為什么
? down向下
back向后
everywhere到處 ?
6.副詞的位置
?(1)副詞修飾動詞時,通常位于被修飾動詞的后面。? We should study hard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。? You walk too fast.你走得太快。
?(2)副詞修飾形容詞時,通常放在該形容詞的前面。
? The boy is too young to go toschool.那個孩子太小,不能上學(xué)。? Mark Twin is a very funny man.馬克吐溫是一個非常有趣的人。?(3)副詞修飾副詞時,通常放在被修飾副詞的前面。?
Lihua dance very well.李華舞跳得很好。? Thank you very much.非常感謝
?(4)表示頻率的副詞,通常位于主謂之間,也可以位于句首。? He often goes to school by bike.他經(jīng)常騎車上學(xué)。? Sometimes he goes to see his mother.他有時候去看 1.一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”, 如 quick---quickly.2.以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的形容詞要變“y”為“i”,然后再加“l(fā)y”.如 happy---happily.3.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾和以“ue”結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉“e”, 然后再加“y”或“l(fā)y”.如
terrible---terribly
true---truly.4.有些詞既可以做形容詞,也可以做副詞。如 fast---fast.5.有些詞形容詞和副詞詞義相同,但拼寫卻不同。如 good---well.6.以“l(fā)l”結(jié)尾的詞,只加“y”.如 full---fully.
第二篇:副詞和形容詞
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副詞和形容詞
形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。副詞是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實的詞。副詞可分為: 地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞和連接副詞。
一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法 【翻譯句子】
(1)這是一座美麗的公園。
It's a beautiful park.(2)這個動物園既生動又有趣。The zoo is both moving and interesting.(3)誰把窗開著的?
Who left the window open? 【結(jié)論1】形容詞在句中一般作定語(修飾名詞)、表語、補語。【完成例句】
(4)你是完全對的。
You are completely right.(5)他昨晚很晚才睡覺。
He went to bed late last night.(6)幸運的是,我沒有被撞倒。
Luckily, I was not knocked down.精心收集
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【結(jié)論2】副詞在句中主要作狀語,用來修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞和句子?!疽呻y】
He finally came back, safe and sound.【疑難剖析】形容詞若作狀語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
二、形容詞的位置 【完成例句】
(7)今天的報紙沒有什么新的東西。There is nothing new in today's newspaper.(8)人民,只有人民,才是創(chuàng)造歷史的動力。
The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.(9)你還知道別的什么? What else do you know?(10)你認(rèn)識那個肩上扛一袋米的人嗎?
Do you know the man carrying a bag full of rice on his back? 【結(jié)論】單個形容詞作前置定語,但在下列情況作后置定語:
形容詞修飾不定代詞時;當(dāng)表語形容詞alone, awake, alive, asleep, alike等作定語時;else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語;形容詞構(gòu)成短語時作后置定語。3.多個形容詞排序: 【完成例句】
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(11)大廳里有一張大的圓會議桌。
There is a big round conference table in the hall.(12)她丟了一只小的閃亮的黑色皮包。
She lost a small shiny black leather handbag.(13)我想買一輛藍(lán)色德國賽車。
I wanted a blue German sports car.【結(jié)論】常見形容詞順序歸納為口訣如下:限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡與新老,顏色國籍出材料,作用類別往后靠。即:限定詞(冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等)+ 描繪性形容詞(beautiful、interesting…)+大小、長短、高低形容詞+形狀、年齡、新舊形容詞+顏色、國籍、出處、材料形容詞+用途、類別形容詞+ 中心名詞??梢院唵蔚赜洖椋骸翱h官行令宴國才?!?/p>
三、副詞的用法 1.副詞的種類
時間副詞 now, today, recently, late, soon, yet等。頻率副詞 often, always, usually, seldom, frequently等。
地點、方向副詞 away, abroad, anywhere, downstairs, home, here, there等。
方式副詞 clearly, carefully, alone, high, quickly等。
程度副詞 almost, a little, much, very, rather, quite, fairly, deeply等。疑問連接副詞 when, where, why, how等。
否定副詞 not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, never等。
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其他副詞 even, also, only, too, perhaps等。2.副詞的位置 【完成例句】
(14)這本書是很有趣的。This book is quite interesting.(15)這男孩已夠大,可以上學(xué)了。
【結(jié)論1】 The boy is old enough to go to school.副詞修飾形容詞和副詞時,應(yīng)放在被修飾的詞之前,但enough, nearby必須置于其后?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
(16)他總是樂于助人。
He is always ready to help others.(17)我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了那天。
I will never forget that day.【結(jié)論2】頻率副詞(always, often, usually, never, seldom, hardly, sometimes等)要放在實義動詞之前,be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
(18)幸運的是,他沒有被淹死而是被解放軍救了起來。
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.(19)對她來說,她的繼母對她很慈善。
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.【結(jié)論3】修飾全句的副詞多置于句首,作評注性狀語。
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【疑難1】
分清常用同義與近義形容詞、副詞在表達(dá)中的語義差別。He planted this tree three years ago.Have you seen the movie before?
He is good at singing, but doesn't feel well today.【疑難剖析1】 ago、before: ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”;before指以過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻為起點的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用 ago。
good、well:與good不同的是,well作形容詞,只能在系動詞后作表語,表示“身體狀況好”,也作副詞修飾動詞。
real、true:形容詞,表“真的”。real強(qiáng)調(diào)真實存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定語;true指與事實標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實際情況相符合,在句中作表語或定語。【疑難2】詞性辨析 He was very friendly.He jumped high in the game and we all thought highly of him.The thunder was very frightening, so the little girl was very frightened.【疑難剖析2】
(1)下列單詞以“-ly”結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞而非副詞:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
(2)表原義(無“-ly”)和引申義(有“-ly”)的副詞:close近,closely 仔細(xì)地; late晚,lately最近;deep深,表示空間深度,deeply
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時常表示感情上的深度,深深地;wide表示空間寬度,widely廣泛地;free免費,freely 無限制地。
有無“-ly”意義大不相同的副詞:dead完全,絕對;be dead asleep;deadly非常;be deadly tired。
pretty相當(dāng),be pretty certain that…,pretty good;prettily漂亮地,be prettily dressed;most 最,mostly主要地;絕大多數(shù)。
(3)注意某些分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞。表示情感類的過去分詞表示心理狀態(tài),而現(xiàn)在分詞則表示性質(zhì),令人……
這類詞常見的有: exciting令人激動的 excited感到激動的 delighting令人高興的 delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費解的 puzzled感到費解的 satisfying令人滿意的
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satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的 surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的 worried感到擔(dān)心的
四、比較句型
1.原級句型:A與B 相同 / 不同:as…as…,the same as, such…as…,not as(so)…as… 【翻譯句子】
(20)我?guī)缀鹾湍隳挲g一樣大。
I am almost as old as you.【結(jié)論1】as…as 之間一定要用形容詞或副詞原形?!癮s…as”可用almost, quite, just, about, nearly, twice, by no means(根本)修飾,置于“as…as”之前?!痉g句子】
(21)約翰不像杰克那樣聰明。John is not as / so clever as Jack.【結(jié)論2】so用以替代第一個as時,只能用于否定句?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
(22)鮑伯和瑪麗讀了一樣多的書。Bob has read as many books as Mary.(23)這瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一樣多。
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There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle.【結(jié)論3】as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as,而as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as。
【完成例句】
(24)德語和英語一樣也是一門難的語言。German is as difficult a language as English.(25)面包是和米飯一樣重要的食物。Bread is as important food as rice.【結(jié)論4】as+adj.+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as;as+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+as。
2.比較級+than的句型 【完成例句】
(26)她唱得比別人好得多。
She sings far / much better than the others.【結(jié)論1】比較級前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, even, still, a great deal等表示程度,但比較級前不能再用more?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
(27)他比班里其他同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。
He studies harder than any other student in his class.【結(jié)論2】表示不同程度比較時,句子主語不能包括在比較對象的范圍之內(nèi)。他本身也是學(xué)生,不能用any students來表示比較對象的范圍。
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【完成例句】
(28)湯姆的自行車比吉姆的貴。
Tom's bike is more expensive than Jim's(=Jim's bike).(29)北京的天氣比上海冷。(that指代天氣)The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.【結(jié)論3】比較的對象要一致,一般說來同等的兩個事物才能比較?!痉g句子】(30)兩人中他高一點。Heis the taller of the two.【結(jié)論4】比較級范圍是由of 引出兩者之間的比較,比較級前要用定冠詞?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
(31)父母之愛,是世間最偉大的愛。
There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.【結(jié)論5】比較級用于否定句中表示最高級的意思。3.最高級句型(只用于三者或以上的比較)【完成例句】
(32)它們是世界上最大的動物。
They're the biggest animals in the world.【結(jié)論1】形容詞最高級要加the?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
(33)He is a brightest student.精心收集
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他是一個非常聰明的學(xué)生。
【結(jié)論2】如不表示比較,也沒有表示比較范圍的狀語,最高級前用a 時,作“十分”、“非?!苯??!痉g句子】
(34)他是班里第二高的男生。He is the second tallest boy in our class.【結(jié)論3】最高級可用by far, easily, nearly, by no means,序數(shù)詞等修飾,置于最高級之前。
4.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的句式 【例句觀察】
(1)我們的新房子是舊房子的3倍大。
Our new house was three times as large as the old one.=Our new house was twice larger than the old one.=Our new house was three times the size of the old one.(2)2005年的汽車產(chǎn)量是2002年的產(chǎn)量的6倍。The output of cars in 2005 is 6 times that of 2002.=The output of cars in 2005 is 6 times what it was in 2002.【結(jié)論4】倍數(shù)表達(dá)法主要有以下5種:(1)…倍數(shù)+as+原級+as…(2)…倍數(shù)+比較級+than…
(3)…倍數(shù)+the size / length / weight / height of…(4)…倍數(shù)+that of…
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(5)…倍數(shù)+what…
【特別提醒】表示倍數(shù)的詞始終在前面。
5.一些固定習(xí)慣用語與句型。
【句型1】 “the+比較級…,the+比較級…”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“越……,越……”。
The higher the temperature(is),the greater is the pressure(=the greater the pressure is).
溫度越高,壓力就越大。
【句型2】 “比較級+and+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“越來越……”,表示程度逐漸增長。
Our life is getting better and better.我們的生活越來越好?!揪湫?】常見的比喻結(jié)構(gòu)有:
as free as a bird, as hungry as a wolf, as strong as a horse, as clever as a fox, as busy as a bee…
【句型4】 as long as 只要,有……之久; as far as 到……地點,就……而言;as high as 高達(dá)……程度; as well as 既……又; as good as 幾乎
【句型5】
A is to B what C is to D.A和B 的關(guān)系就像C和D的關(guān)系。Air is to man what water is to fish.精心收集
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空氣和人類的關(guān)系就像水和魚的關(guān)系?!疽呻y1】
That little girl is more tired than hungry.那個小女孩是累了而不是餓了(與其說那小女孩餓了,還不如說她累了)?!疽呻y剖析】
1)more…than…是……而不是……,與其說是……不如說是…… 2)no more than = only 只不過(言其少)not more than= at most不多于,至少(指事實)no more…than…和……一樣不…… not more…than…不比……更……
no less than = as much as和……一樣多…… no fewer than = as many as和……一樣多
【疑難2】
You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.【疑難剖析2】can't be too+adj.= can't be +adj.+ enough 無論……都不為過
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第三篇:形容詞和副詞,介詞,連詞
中考復(fù)習(xí)四 形容詞和副詞
考試要求:
形容詞和副詞的中考要求是:形容詞改為副詞(根據(jù)句子的需要);形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級;某些特殊變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級(little-less-least等);形容詞的同級比較(as/ so...as...的用法);形容詞比較級的疊加句型(如:The more you study,the better you will get)。
知識總結(jié):
1.形容詞的知識點:
形容詞是用來形容和修飾名詞的一類詞。大多數(shù)形容詞具有比較級,形容詞的位置一般在其修飾的名詞前面。形容詞在句子中一般可以作定語、表語和賓語補足語等。
例如:
I want to buy a green sweater.我想買一件綠色的毛衣。(定語)
Our headmaster is ill again.我們的校長又生病了。(表語)
My dog’s death made me very sad.(賓語補足語)
形容詞的種類一般有:
(1)簡單的形容詞有:good 好的,green 綠色的,long 長的,bright 明亮的(2)帶有前綴a-的形容詞:例如:afraid 害怕的,alike 相同的,asleep 睡覺的
(3)由動詞的分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞:interesting 有興趣的,exciting 令人興奮的;tired 疲勞的
spoiled 寵壞的。
(4)復(fù)合形容詞:數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞,如:five-year-old 五歲的;
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:heart-breaking 令人傷心的;
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:good-looking 英俊的。
2.副詞的知識點:
副詞經(jīng)常用來作狀語,修飾動詞或者形容詞,副詞或整個句子,表示時間、地點、程度、方式等。
例如:
Your mother spoke to us politely.你媽媽非常有禮貌地給我們說話。
Luckily, we met our English teacher at the gate of the school.幸運的是,我們在校門口遇到了我們英語老師。
副詞還可以作表語、賓語補足語和定語等,副詞作定語常需放在所修飾詞的后面。例如:
Life here is busy and interesting.這里的生活繁忙而有趣。
3.形容詞和副詞的比較等級:
形容詞和副詞一般有三個等級,即原級、比較級和最高級。一般來說,表示兩者同等或不同等程度時用原級,通常用“as + 形容詞/ 副詞原級 + as...”或“not as(so)+ 形容詞/ 副詞原級 + as...”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
My brother is as tall as I.我弟弟和我一樣高。
I will run as fast as I can.我盡可能跑(和我能跑的速度一樣快)。
The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that in Wuhan.北京沒有武漢熱。
表示兩者的比較時用比較級,通常用“形容詞/ 副詞比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
I am much better than I was yesterday.我比昨天好多了。
Math is less interesting than English.數(shù)學(xué)不如英語有興趣。
表示一定范圍內(nèi)兩者以上的比較時,用最高級,通常用“the + 形容詞/ 副詞最高級(+名詞)+ of(in)...”的結(jié)構(gòu),只是副詞最高級前可省去定冠詞the。
例如:
This is the busiest day of the week.這是我本周最繁忙的一天。
My sister sings best in my family.我妹妹是我們家唱歌最好的。
4.形容詞和副詞的比較級變化規(guī)則:
規(guī)則變化:
(1)單音節(jié)詞直接在其后面加-er/-est。例如:tall-taller-tallest hard-h(huán)arder-h(huán)ardest(2)以字母e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如:brave-braver-bravest。(3)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫這個輔音字母再加-er/-est。
例如:big-bigger-biggest;hot-h(huán)otter-h(huán)ottest。
(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,先把y改為i,再加-er/-est。
例如:happy-h(huán)appier-h(huán)appiest。
(5)其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞,在前面加more和most。例如:
interesting-more interesting-most interesting;
carefully-more carefully-most carefully 不規(guī)則變化:
good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst
many/much-more-most little-less-least
far-farther-farthest
badly-worse-worst
5.形容詞和副詞的比較級的其他用法:
(1)在同級比較的結(jié)構(gòu)as/ so+原級+as...的前面可用just,almost,nearly和half等表示程度。
例如:He doesn’t study half so hard as you.他學(xué)習(xí)努力的程度不如你的一半。
(2)兩者相比表示倍數(shù)的時候用twice(...times)as+原級+as結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework.他家庭作業(yè)的錯誤是你的二倍。
(3)比較級前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等詞修飾表示程度。
例如:The sun is much bigger than the earth.太陽比地球大多了。
We will come back a little later.我們會稍遲一點回來。
(4)比較級的前面可以用any和no來修飾。
例如:We were too tired to walk any farther.我們太疲勞了不能再走很遠(yuǎn)了。
He was no longer a child.他不再是一個小孩子。
(5)兩個形容詞和副詞的比較級可以疊加表示“越來越”的意思。
其結(jié)構(gòu)可以是:比較級+and+比較級,而多音節(jié)詞可以用more and more+比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:The days are getting longer and longer.天正變得越來越長了。
Your sister becomes more and more beautiful.你的妹妹變得越來越漂亮了。
(6)如果表示“越??,就越??”可以用“the+比較級??,the+比較級??”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:The harder you works, the more you will get.你越努力學(xué)習(xí),你得到的就越多。
(7)當(dāng)比較的雙方屬于同一范圍內(nèi)時候,用other或者else排除自己,因為自己不能和自己比較。
例如:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.上海比中國其他的城市大。
如果比較的雙方不屬于同一范圍內(nèi)時候,則不存在和自己比較的情況,所以可以不用other或者
else。
例如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang.上海比黑龍江的任何城市都大。
易錯點點撥:
1.比較級的形式誤用。
(1)Your room is more and more dirty.You had better clean it.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容詞的比較級疊加的用法。形容詞dirty是以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,它的比較級的疊加不能用more and more+形容詞,應(yīng)該用dirtier and dirtier,所以把more and more dirty改為dirtier and dirtier。
(2)Our school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容詞的比較級疊加的用法。形容詞beautiful是多音節(jié)的形容詞, 所以它的比較級的疊加用more and more+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以去掉第一個beautiful。
2.比較級的修飾詞用法混淆。
My English is very better than yours.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容詞比較級前的修飾詞的用法。形容詞的比較級前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等詞修飾表示程度。但不能用very,所以把very改為much。
3.形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法相混淆。
I think the car is fastest of all the three.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容詞的最高級的用法,形容詞的最高級前面用定冠詞the,副詞的最高級前可以不用定冠詞the。所以fastest前加the。
4.比較的對象不一致。
The weather in Beijing is worse than Shanghai.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容詞的比較級用法,兩者相比的對象必須一致,北京的天氣必須和上海的天氣相比。所以把Shanghai改為that in Shanghai,用that代替上文提到的weather,以避免重復(fù)。
5.形容詞和副詞用法混淆。
My English teacher always talks friendly with us.我們英語老師總是友好地和我們交談。
〔解析〕本句子是考查副詞修飾動詞的用法,但是friendly是形容詞。應(yīng)把friendly改為in a friendly way。
中考復(fù)習(xí)三
介詞和連詞
介詞
考查要求:
主要體現(xiàn)在單項選擇和完形填空中,涉及的題目多,考查的范圍廣,主要考查介詞的基 本意義,意義相近的介詞辨析、固定搭配等。
知識總結(jié):
1.介詞的概念
介詞是一種虛詞,一般用在名詞、代詞等的前面,用來表示其后面的名詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語和其他句子成分的關(guān)系,在句子中不能單獨作句子成分,需和它后面的詞共同充當(dāng)句子成分。介詞后面的名詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語叫介詞賓語。可以作介詞賓語的詞通常有:
1)名詞、代詞或從句。
He lives near the school.他居住在學(xué)校附近。
Our teacher was very angry with him.我們的老師非常生他的氣。
2)動名詞。
They have a good idea for solving this problem.他們有一個解決這個問題的好方法。
3)動詞不定式(僅限于介詞but,except)。
I want nothing except to sleep.除了睡覺,我什么也不想做。
2.介詞的種類
1)根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分類
簡單介詞:即由一個詞構(gòu)成的單一介詞。例如:for,at,in,on,of,to等。
復(fù)合介詞:即由兩個詞組合在一起的介詞,也稱合成介詞。例如:
without inside outside into within
短語介詞:即由短語構(gòu)成的介詞。例如:because of,according to,thanks to等。
2)根據(jù)意義分類
表示地點的介詞:at,behind,beside,around,near,on,by,in front of,across等。
表示時間的介詞:about,at,after,before,by,during,in,over,past,since,until等。
表示原因的介詞:for,with,from等。
表示手段和方式的介詞:by,in,with等。
表示“除去”的介詞:but,except,besides等。
表示其他含義的介詞:about(關(guān)于,大約), on(關(guān)于), without(沒有), off(從??離開),instead of(代替), with(和)等。
3.介詞短語的功能
介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可以在句子中作下列成分: 1)作表語:
She looks like an actress.她看上去像演員。
What’s the book about? 這本書是講什么的? 2)作賓語補足語:
A cold kept him in bed for a week.感冒使他臥床一周。
I found my mother on the bus.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我媽媽在公交車上。
3)作狀語:
I will wait for you until tomorrow.我等你到明天。
The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.那位老師面帶笑容進(jìn)了教室。4)作定語:
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。
4.中考經(jīng)??疾榈膸捉M介詞的用法
1)時間介詞at/ in/ on:
表示具體的時間點(幾點鐘)和在周末前面用介詞at。
I usually get up at six in the morning.我通常在早上六點起床。
I wasn’t here at that time.那時我沒在這里。
注意:
at dinner time 在(吃)晚飯時 at night 在夜間 at weekends / the weekend 在周末
表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期幾、節(jié)日等時間的前面,或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介詞on。
We can play football on Sunday.我們可以在星期天踢足球。
They came to my house on a cold winter morning.他們在一個寒冷的早晨來到了我家。表示較長的一段時間段的名詞或短語前經(jīng)常用in,如在早上、下午、晚上;在某月某年等。
I was born in May.我出生在五月。
They came here in 1998.他們在1998年來這里的。
What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么?
注意:
表示上午、下午或晚上的名詞前一般用介詞in,但是具體到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介詞on。in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午
2)時間介詞for,since
for 和since引導(dǎo)時間狀語都有延續(xù)之意。for +時間段表示“(延續(xù)).......之久”。since +時間點表示從過去某時延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間。
They have lived in China for ten years.他們在北京住了十年了。
She has worked here since last year.從去年起她就在這里工作。
3)時間介詞in,after
in+時間段表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時間以后,一般用于將來時;after+時間段表示從過去算起一段時間后,一般用于過去時。另外after后也可以接具體時間用于將來時。
He’ll be back in three hours.他三小時后回來。
He came back after three hours.三小時后,他回來了。
He’ll be back after 3 o’clock.他三點后會回來。
4)方位介詞at,in,on,to
表示在某一點的位置或者具體的位置用at。
We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain.我們在山腳下舉行野餐。
表示在某一個范圍之內(nèi)的方位用介詞in。
Shandong lies in the east of China.山東省在中國的東部。(山東省在中國范圍之內(nèi))
表示在某一個范圍之外的方位用介詞to。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中國的東部。(日本在中國范圍之外)
表示兩者相互接觸,強(qiáng)調(diào)在同一條線或者同一個平面上用介詞on。
Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu.山東省在江蘇省的北部。(兩省接壤)
5)地點介詞in/on / under/ above / over/ below
表示一個物體在另一個物體的上面用介詞on。
There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。(書在課桌表面上)
表示一個物體在另一個物體的里面用介詞in。
There are some dumplings in the bowl.碗里有一些水餃。(水餃在碗里面)
表示一個物體在另一個物體的下方(一般為正下方)用介詞under。
There is a ball under the chair.椅子下面有一個球。(球在椅子的下面)
below意思是“在??之下”,所指范圍較寬,不一定在某物的正下方。
From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.從飛機(jī)上我們可以看到下面城鎮(zhèn)的全貌。
表示一個物體在另一個物體的上方,并非由“垂直之上”的含義,用介詞above, 其反義詞為below。
His room is above ours.他的房間在我們的上面。
表示一個物體在另一個物體的正上方用介詞over,有時有“覆蓋;越過”之意。
His room is over ours.他的房間就是我們頭上的那間。
There is a big bridge over the river.河上有一座大橋。(橋在河的上面)
6)方位介詞between,among
between是表示在兩者之間;among表示在三者或者三者以上之間。
It’s a secret between you and I.這是我和你之間的秘密。
There is a village among the trees.在樹林里面有一個小村莊。
7)表示工具、手段、材料的in,by,with
in可以和表示某種語言的名詞連用表示“用某種語言”。
Can you answer my question in English?你能用英語回答我的問題嗎?
in也可以表示用某種工具或者材料的意思。
Don’t write in pencil.Please write in ink.不要用鉛筆寫,請用鋼筆寫。
by指使用的方法和手段,by和表示交通工具的名詞連用時,中間不用冠詞。
My father often goes to work by bus.我爸爸經(jīng)常乘坐公共汽車去上班。
He made a living by selling newspapers.他靠賣報為生。
with表示“借助于某種具體的工具或身體部位”。例如:
We write with our hands.我們用手寫字。
I cut the cake with a knife.我用刀子切開了蛋糕。
8)方位介詞across,through,past
表示從某一個物體的表面橫過、穿過用介詞across。
They swam across the river.他們游過了河。
從某一個物體的里面或者一定范圍內(nèi)穿過、橫過用介詞through。
The boys go through the forest quickly.這些男孩子快速地穿過樹林。
從旁邊經(jīng)過用past。
They drove past a big supermarket.他們開車經(jīng)過一家大超市。
9)except,besides
except表示“除??之外(其他的都)”其后的賓語是被排除在整體之外的。besides表示“除??之外(其他的也)”,其后的賓語是被包括在整體之內(nèi)的。
All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了湯姆以外,其他的同學(xué)都參加了運動會。(湯姆沒有參加)
We need three more boys besides Tom.除了湯姆以外,我們還需要三個男同學(xué)。(我們也需要湯姆)
易錯點點撥:
介詞容易出錯的地方在于上述一些介詞的用法的混淆及在一些固定搭配中的誤用。
1)I usually play football with my friends in Sunday afternoon.〔解析〕本題是考查介詞的用法,表示在早上、下午、晚上用介詞in,但表示在具體的某一天的早上、下午、晚上用介詞on。所以把in改為on。
2)Guang Dong is in the south of Beijing.〔解析〕表示方位的介詞用in/on/to,在范圍之內(nèi)用in,而廣東不在北京的范圍之內(nèi),所以把in改為to。
3)I was born at July 1st, 1997.〔解析〕表示在某日或者某日的早上、下午、晚上用介詞on,本句子的1997年7月1日是表示具體的一天,所以用介詞on。需把at改為on。
4)—How do you go to work?—I often go to work by my father’s car.〔解析〕表示乘坐某種交通工具,用介詞by+表示交通工具的名詞,中間不用冠詞,但是如果這個名詞前有其他的修飾詞,則不能用by。此題應(yīng)該把by改為in。
5)We are asked to explain the work with English.〔解析〕表示使用某種語言用介詞in,從本句子的意思理解是用介詞in 和English連用表示“使用英語解釋”的意思。因此把with改成in。
6)They have learned a lot of subjects except English and Chinese.〔解析〕表示除了之外可以用兩個介詞except和besides,except是不包括的意思,從整體中排除except的后面的人或者物體;beside表示除了之外是包括的意思,表示在原來的基礎(chǔ)上再加上besides后面的人或者物體。所以此題中把except改為besides。
7)It is very clever for your brother to do the work like this.〔解析〕在句型It is+形容詞+of/for +somebody +to do something中,用of還是用for取決于形容詞,如果形容詞是描述人物性格特征,后面的人與形容詞有主語和表語的關(guān)系,用介詞of;如果形容詞不是描述人物性格特征,后面的人與形容詞沒有主語和表語的關(guān)系,用介詞for。所以把for改為of。再如:
It’s important for you to come on time.8)At the end, we came to the top of the mountain.〔解析〕此題考查介詞的固定搭配。at the end of ?表示在??末,此句中應(yīng)該用in the end表示“最后”,所以應(yīng)該把at改成in。
連詞
考查要求:
通過連詞來考查對句子的整體理解是近幾年高考的熱點,如兩個分句的邏輯關(guān)系、結(jié)合連詞考查的狀語從句、連詞的具體意義等。經(jīng)??疾榈闹攸c連詞有and,but,or,while,however及引導(dǎo)從句的連詞if和whether;before和after等。
知識總結(jié):
1.連詞的概念
連詞是連接單詞、短語、從句或者句子的一種虛詞,在句子中不能單獨作句子的成分,一般不重讀。連詞基本可以分為: 1)簡單連詞:
如:or,and,but,if,because
2)關(guān)聯(lián)連詞:
如:both,and,not only?but also?
3)短語連詞:
如:as if,as long as,in order to,so that
2.連詞的用法
A.并列連詞
1)表示平行或者對等關(guān)系,常用的有and,so,not only?but also?(不僅??而且??),both?and?(兩者都??),neither?nor?(既不??也不?...)等。
Not only does he love the teachers, but also the teachers love him.他愛老師,老師也愛他。
2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,常用的有but,yet(然而),while(然而)等。
I am poor,but I am very happy.我很貧窮,但是我很愉快。
3)表示選擇關(guān)系,常用的有or,either?or?(或者??或者??),not ?but ?(不 是??而是??)等。:
You may go with us,or you may stay at home.你或者和我們一起去,或者呆在家里。
4)表示因果關(guān)系,常用的有:for(因為),so(因此)等,此時for不能放在句首。
He must sleep, for his room is dark.他一定睡了,因為房間是暗的。
B.從屬連詞
1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,常用的有:before,after,when,while,until,since,as soon as等。
I will come to tell you as soon as it comes out.結(jié)果一出來我就來告訴你。
2)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,常用的有:because(因為),as(因為),since(既然)
Because it was too late, we took a taxi.因為天晚了,我們打了一輛出租車。
3)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,常用的有:so? that(如此??以致于),such?that(如此??以致于),so that(結(jié)果??)等。
She was so careless that she forgot to write her name on the paper.她那么粗心,都忘記在卷子上寫名字。
4)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,常用的有:if,unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。
We will come here if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天氣好的話我們就來這里。
5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,常用的有:though,although,even if(即使),however(無論怎樣)等。
We were still working though it was very late.盡管很晚了我們?nèi)匀辉诠ぷ鳌?/p>
6)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,常用的有:as,than,so/ as?as,more than。
This book is more interesting than that one.這本書比那本更有興趣。
7)引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句,常用的有:where,wherever等。
Please stay where you are.請呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方。
8)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(如賓語從句),常用的有:that,if,whether,who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how。
Can you tell me when they got there? 你能告訴我他們是什么時候到那里的嗎?
I think that he’ll be back soon.我認(rèn)為他們不久就會回來。
3.連詞使用時的幾個注意事項:
1)not only? but also?, neither? nor ?, either ? or?, not ? but?接主語時,謂語動詞按就近原則處理。
Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你,他也得離開。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯,就是我錯。
Not money but workers are what we need.我們需要的不是錢,而是工人。
2)祈使句,+and/ or +簡單句,前面的祈使句表示條件,后面的簡單句表示結(jié)果,or意思為“否則”。
Hurry up, and we’ll catch the bus.快點,我們就能趕上車。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late.快點,否則我們會晚的。
3)英語中連詞because和so一般不能同時在一個句子使用,同樣連詞although和but也不能同時在一個句子中用。這一點和漢語完全不同。
Though he is young, he can help his mother a lot.雖然他很小,但是能給他媽媽幫很多忙。(無but)
It was too hot in the room, so he took off his coat.因為房間里很熱,所以他脫掉了外套。(無because)
易錯點點撥:
1.Because he was ill, so my father didn’t come to my party.〔解析〕從句子的意思理解上下句是因果關(guān)系,英語中因為“because”和所以“so”一般不連用,所以去掉so。
2.Both you and he has to go there on foot.〔解析〕表示并列關(guān)系的連詞both?and連接主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),所以把has改為have。
3.I am ill, and I still go to school.〔解析〕從前后兩個句子的意思理解是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以用連詞but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示“盡管我病了,我仍然去上學(xué)”。所以把and改為but。
4.—Which do you like better, tea and coffee? —I like tea better than coffee.〔解析〕從問句的前半句Which do you like better可以判斷后面用連詞or表示選擇關(guān)系。所以把and改為or。
5.My brother likes swimming better to studying.〔解析〕從句子的意思理解是用連詞than引導(dǎo)表示比較的狀語從句。所以把to改為than。但是prefer? to?,是固定搭配,表示“和??相比,更喜歡??”。
6.We want to know as your father will come to our party tomorrow.〔解析〕從句子的意思理解可以看出“We want to know”后面是賓語從句,而as不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句,應(yīng)該用連詞if/whether表示“是否”或when表示“什么時候”來引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。所以把as改為if/whether/when。
第四篇:形容詞和副詞 比較級 最高級 教案
形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法:
當(dāng)兩種物體之間相互比較時,我們要用形容詞或副詞的比較級;
當(dāng)相互比較的物體是三個或三個以上時,我們就要用形容詞或副詞的最高級。
形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)律: 1.單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞后面直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest 2.以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞直接加-r或-st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest 3.以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞,改-y為-i再加-er或-est busy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest 4.形容詞或副詞是重讀閉音節(jié)時,雙寫最后的輔音字母,再加-er或-est hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest 5.多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞前面直接加more或most delicious—more delicious—most delicious beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 6.不規(guī)則變化
good(well)—better—best bad(badly)—worse—worst
常用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級: bad worse worst far farther(further)farthest(只指距離)(furthest)(用處較廣)good better best little less least many/much more most old elder(older)eldest(僅指人)(oldest)(指人和物)形容詞前如加 less 和 least 則表示“較不”和“最不” important 重要 less important 較不重要 least important 最不重要
farther/farthest和further/furthest這些形式都可以指距離。further同樣可以指“另外的/更多的”,主要和抽象名詞一起用:
Further education will be meaningful.很快會得到更多的供應(yīng)。
Further discussion would be pointless.繼續(xù)討論/辯論是無意義的。I am too tired to go farther.elder,eldest;older,oldest elder和eldest主要表示的是長幼順序而非年齡大小。主要用于表示家庭成員之間的長幼關(guān)系,如my elder brother(我的兄長/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的長子/長女)。但在than前不能用elder,只能用older: He is older than I am.他比我年齡大。
A、形容詞的原級可與as?as連用表示“和??同樣??”,與not as/so?as連用表不“不如??那樣??”:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.一個16歲的男孩常長得和他父親一樣高。He was as white as a sheet.他面色蒼白如紙。
Your coffee is not as/so good as my mother’s.你煮的咖啡不如我母親煮的好。
幾個關(guān)于as...as的常見句型:
(1)as...as possible 盡
可能
Please answer my question as soon as possible.請盡快回答我的問題。
(2)as...as usual/before 像往常一樣 像以前一樣
She looks as pretty as before.她看起來和以前一樣漂亮。
(3)長達(dá)as long as...(引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)只要
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我們花了長達(dá)三年的時間才完成這項計劃。
(4)as far as 遠(yuǎn)至
He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火車站。
(5)as well as
She cooks as well as her mother does.她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。
一些帶有as...as結(jié)構(gòu)的常見短語歸納:
as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一樣忙碌
as easy as ABC像ABC一樣容易
as deep as a well像井一樣深
as light as a feather像羽毛一樣輕
as soft as butter像黃油一樣軟
as rich as a Jew像猶太人一樣富裕
形容詞比較級的用法: 形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下: 主語+謂語(系動詞)+ 形容詞比較級+than+ 對比成分。也就是, 含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下對比的成分。Our teacher is than we are.我們老師的個子比我們的高。
It is today than it was yesterday.今天的天氣比昨天暖和。
This picture is than that one.這張照片比那張照片漂亮。
This meeting is than that one.這次會議不如那次會議重要。The sun is than the moon.太陽比月亮大得多。
形容詞最高級的用法: 形容詞最高級用于兩個以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較, 其結(jié)構(gòu)形式為: 主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句。
She is student her class.她是班上最好的學(xué)生。
Shanghai is one of cities China.上海是中國最大城市之一 This is apple I have ever met.這是我見到的最大的蘋果。
Tom is boy in his basketball team.湯姆是他們籃球隊中個子最高的孩子。
2.“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越??”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來了,天氣變得越來越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?/p>
The wind became more and more heavily.風(fēng)變得越來越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。
3.在含有or的選擇疑問句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高,Tim還是Tom?
4.“the +比較級??, the+比較級”,表示“越??越??”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.錢你賺得越多,花得越多。
The harder you work,the more you get.The sooner,the better.越快越好。
5.如果在兩者之間表示“最??”時要在比較級前加the,而且還用of the two, of the pair短語:
John is the cleverer of the two boys.Of the two boys, John is the cleverer
6.表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法:
① A is ?times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)
③.A is ?times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。
7.形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較,表示“最??”的意思。
句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如:of the three, in our class等等。
如:He is the tallest in our class.他在我們班里是最高的。
8.比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class 9.修飾比較級
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。very quite
注意事項:比較等級應(yīng)注意避免和包括自己的對象比。比較級+than+
any other + 單數(shù)名詞 all the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 anyone else any of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。
(錯)He is more cleverer than his brother.(對)He is more clever than his brother.(對)He is cleverer than his brother.9.要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
(錯)China is larger than any country in Asia.(對)China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.He likes playing chess more than watching TV.與看電視相比,他更喜歡下棋
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.1.Summer is _______(hot)season of the year.2.Shanghai is one of _______(big)cities in the world.3.The Huanghe River isn’t so _______(long)as the Changjiang River.4.Who is _______(tall), the girl or the boy? 5.I think English is _______(interesting)than math.6.The more, the _______(good).7.The people’s life in Southern Africa is getting _______ and _______(bad).8.Things are much _______(light)on the moon than on the earth.9.He is _______(old)of the two brothers.10.The car driver is very _______(careful)when he is driving.1.Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______(clever).2.Gold(黃金)is ______(little)useful than iron(鐵).3.My sister is two years _______(old)than I.4.John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____(young)child.5.The _____(cheap)bags are the not usually the best ones.6.The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.7.The boy is not so ______(interesting)as his brother.8.Dick sings _____(well), she sings ______(well)than John, but Mary sings______(well)in her class.9.She will be much ______(happy)in her mew house.10.This dress is ______ that.(twice, as?as?, expensive)
1.Bob never does his homework_____ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful as B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as 2.___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.A.The best;the more B.The more;the less C.The more;less D.More;the more 3.I like___ one of the two books.A.the older B.oldest C.the oldest D.older 4.China has a large population than __ in the world.A.all the countries B.every country C.any country D.any other country 5.Which is___country, China or Japan? A.the large B.the larger C.larger D.largest 6.The sick boy is getting __ day by day.A.worse B.bad C.badly C.worst 7.This necklace looks __ and sells.A.well, well B.good, nice C.nice, good D.nice, well 8.Of the two cups, he bought.A.the smaller B.the smallest C.small D: smaller 9.Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than XiaoChen does.A.little B less C.few D.fewer 10.A horse is __ than a dog.A.much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier D.more heavy 11.Which is __ season in Beijing? I think it’s spring.A.good B.well C.best D.the best 12.What animal do like ___? I like all kinds of animals.A.better B.best C.very D.well 13.Hainan is a very large island.It’s the second island in China.A.large B.larger C.largest D.most large 14.The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it.A.much B.little C.expensive D.cheap 15.Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.A.more B.quite C.very D.much 16.These children are ____ this year than they were last year.A.more tall B.more taller C.very taller D.much taller 17.My mother is no ___ young.A.shorter B.longer C.little D.few 18.Your room is ___ than mine.A.three time big B.three times big C.three times bigger D.bigger three times 19.His father is____than his mother.;A.older four years B.as four years older C.four years older D.bigger four years 20.Maths is more popular than____.A.any other subject B.all the subjects C.any subject D.other subject 21.China is larger than ____ in Africa.A.any other country B.other countries C.the other country D.any country 22.I think science is _ than Japanese.A.much important B.important C.much more important D.more much important 23.When spring comes, it gets____.A.warm and warm B.colder and colder C.warmer and warmer D.shorter and shorter 24.I think the story is not so ___ as that one.A.interesting B.interested C.more interesting D.most interesting 25.At last he began to cry ___.A.hard and hard B.more hard and more hard C.harder and harder D.less hard and less harder 26.When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.A.short;long B.long;short C.longer;shorter D.shorter;longer 27.___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.A.The best;the more B.The more;the less C.The more;less D.More;the more 28.___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.A.The more;the more interesting B.The less;the more interesting C.The more;the more interested D.More;more interested 30.When we speak to people, we should be.A.as polite as possible B.as polite as possibly C.as politely as possible D.as politely as possibly 31.This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.A.as difficult as;expensive B.as more difficult as;more expensive C.as difficult as;more expensive D.more difficult as;as expensive()32.Who jumped____of all? A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the most far()33.Li Lei is___ student in our class.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallest()34.The fifth orange is____ of all.Give it to that small child.A.big B.bigger C.the bigger D.the biggest()35.Who is---of you three? A.the oldest B.much older C.oldest D.older()36.Tom is one of ____ boys in our class.A.tallest B.taller C.the tallest B.the tall()37.English is one of____ spoken in the world.A.the important languages B.the most important languages C.most important language D.the most important language()38.Beijing is one of____ in China.A.the largest city B.the large cities C.the larger cities D.the largest cities()
39、We are very ________ at the ________ message.A、surprising, surpried
B、surprised, surprising
C、surprise, surprised
()40、After the _______ job, we felt very ________.A、tiring, tired
B、tired, tiring
C、tire, tiring
D、tired, tired
第五篇:形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級
形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級專項
絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式,原級,比較級和最高級, 以表示形容詞說明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。
一、形容詞的原級: 形容詞的原級形式就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的形容詞的原形。例如: tall good bad
二、比較級的定義:大多數(shù)的形容詞都有三個級別:原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更……”,用于兩者之間的比較,用來說明“前者比后者更……”,比較級前面一般用much, even, a little,a lot修飾,其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。
三、比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成:
(1)規(guī)則變化:①一般在詞尾加-er,最高級在詞尾加-est e.g: high—higher—highest tall--taller--tallest short--shorter--shorter ②以字母e結(jié)尾的比較級直接在詞尾加-r,最高級加-st.e.g: nice--nicer-nicest fine--finer-finest late—later--latest ③以“輔音+y 結(jié)尾的詞,變y為 i,比較級加-er”,最高級加-est.e.g: early—earlier-earliest happy—happier-happiest busy—busier-busiest ④以重讀閉音節(jié)的單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est e.g: big—bigger-biggest fat-fatter-fattest thin—thinner-thinnest hot—hotter-hottest ⑤多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞,比較級在原級前面加more,最高級在原級前加most
e.g: popular--more popular—most popular
important--more important—most important(2)不規(guī)則變化:少數(shù)形容詞的比較級變化是不規(guī)則的:good/well—better--best bad/badly—worse--worst many/much—more--most little—less--least far--farther/further—farthest/furthest
比較級的用法:(一)當(dāng)兩個人或事物(A和B)進(jìn)行比較時,我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的原級或者比較級 1. 表達(dá)“A和B一樣”,用as…as的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
A+實義動詞+as+副詞原級+as…+B
e.g I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。He runs as fast as I.他跑得和我一樣快。2.表達(dá)“A不如B”用not as/so…as的結(jié)構(gòu)。
公式: A+be動詞的否定形式+as/so+形容詞原級+as…+B
A+助詞的否定形式+動詞+as/so+形容詞原級+as…+B
e.g I am not as/so tall as you.我沒有你高。He doesn’t run as/so fast as I.他沒有我跑得快。
▲as…as 前還可以加倍數(shù),如:The room is two times as large as that one.3. 表達(dá)“A大于B”用“比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B… A+實義動詞+副詞比較級+than+B…
e.g I am taller than you.我比你高。He runs faster than I.他跑得比我快。(二)關(guān)于形容詞、副詞比較級的更多用法
1.比較級前面可以加上表示“優(yōu)劣程度”的詞或短語,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。(4)比較級前可用much/a lot //far/ a little /a bit/even 等修飾.如:
This book is much more interesting than that one.The blouse I bought
yesterday is a little less expensive.To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy.(1)兩者相比: Which is+比較級,A or B? 如: Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?
(3)有"of the two”, 用the+比較級.如: Lucy is the more careful of the two.(5)比較級+and+比較級,表“越來越……” It becomes warmer and warmer.(6)“ the+比較級,the+比較級”,表“越……,越……” The higher you stand, the farther you will see.3.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer.天氣越來越暖和。He is running faster and faster.他跑得越來越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們祖國越來越美了。4.“the more…,the more…”表示“越……,就越……”,The more,the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越細(xì)心,犯錯就越少。
當(dāng)三個或三個以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較時,我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的最高級
1.表達(dá)“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容詞(副詞)的最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面可以加上of/in等表示范圍的介詞短語或從句。
公式:主語+be動詞+the +形容詞最高級+(名詞)+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句 主語+實義動詞+(the)+形容詞最高級+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句
e.g He is the tallest(student)in our class.He jumps the highest of the three boys.This is the best book that I have ever read.1)三者或三者以上相比較用“the+最高級+名詞+范圍(of/all+---
This is the cleanest place of the city.Hu Yun is the fastest of all the girls in our class.2.表示“最…的…中一個”,用“one of +the +最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。e.g He is one of the best students in our class.他是我們班最好的學(xué)生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之。
2)表示“最……之一”,用“one of the+
The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest buildings in the world.中國的長城是世界上最偉大的建筑之一。
This is one of the most interesting books that I've ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一。
注意:形容詞的最高級前面必須加定冠詞the,但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前面有物主代詞修飾時,則不加the。副詞前面的the
(正)This is my best friend.(誤)This is my the(the my)best friend.(正)Today is the happiest day of my life.(誤)Today is happiest day of my life.題練習(xí)
一.基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1.If I had___, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A.a long enough holiday
B.an enough long holidayC.a holiday enough long
D.a long holiday enough 2.These oranges taste___.A.good
B.well
C.to be good
D.to be well
3.How beautifully she sings!I have never heard___.A.the better voice
B.a good voice
C.the best voice
D.a better voice 4.I would be___, if you could give me an early reply.A.pleasant
B.grateful
C.satisfied
D.helpful 5.Those T-shirts are usually $35 each, but today they have a(an)___price of $19 in the shopping center.A.regular
B.special
C.cheap
D.ordinary 6.Mr Smith bought a___purse for his wife.A.small black leather
B.black leather small
C.small leather black
D.black small leather 7.—— How was your job interview?—— Oh, I couldn’t feel___.I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.A.better
B.easier
C.worse
D.happier 8.Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think__?A.tastes best
B.smells most
C.sounds best
D.drinks mostly 9.—— Can Li Hua help me with my English?—— I regret to tell you her English is_____yours.A.as good as
B.no more than
C.no better than
D.as much as 10.Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him_____for it.A.not so much
B.not so little
C.no more
D.no less 11.When they came in, Mr Harris______like a baby.Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.A.fell asleep
B.was sound asleep
C.got asleep
D.went to sleep 12.This year they have produced___ grain ___they did last year.A.as less; as
B.as few; as
C.less; than
D.fewer; than 13.—— Can I help you? —— Well, I’m afraid the box is___h(yuǎn)eavy for you,but thank you all the same.A.so
B.much
C.very
D.too 14.—— How did you find your visit to the museum? —— I thoroughly enjoy it.It was_____than I expected.A.far more interesting
B.even much interesting
C.so far interesting
D.a lot much interesting 15.—— Would you like some wine?—— Yes, just_____.A.little
B.very little
C.a little
D.little bit 16.It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s ____by road.A.quick
B.the quickest
C.much quick
D.quicker 17.If there were no examinations, we should have___at school.A.the happiest time
B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time
D.a much happier time 18.I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)_____trick.A.ordinary
B.easy
C.smart
D.simple 19.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose___one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.A.the less expensive
B.less expensive
C.the least expensive
D.least expensive 20._____box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.A.So a heavy
B.So heavy a
C.A such heavy
D.Such heavy a 二.提高練習(xí)
1.To plant the tree, we must dig _____.A.a three feet deep hole B.three-foot-deep a hole C.a hole three feet deep D.a three-feet-deep hole 2.I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.A.never
B.already
C.ever
D.once 3.____ the boy’s grown!He is almost ___ his father.A.What, as tall as
B.What, taller than
C.How, as tall as
D.How, taller than 4.I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard.I need another three of them.A.enough big
B.big enough
C.much bigger
D.many enough 5.Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.A.as well as
B.no less than
C.and still more
D.and still less 6.— The dish is delicious!— Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.A.as bad as B.no worse than C.as well as D.no better than 7.— Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic? — Yes.You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year.A.a nice day
B.the nice day
C.a nicer day
D.the nicest day 8.It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____A.best
B.good
C.well
D.worse 9.With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in 2000 as the year before.A.as many as twice
B.twice more than
C.as twice many
D.twice as many 10.I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.A.more than
B.as many
C.as much
D.less than 11.— Why didn't you go to the cinema last night?
— It was something ____ interesting.A.far less
B.more or less
C.much more
D.any further 12.The population of many Alaskan cities has _____ doubled in the past five years.A.larger than
B.more than
C.as greatly as
D.as much as 13.— This is a good place for a picnic.— Yes, it couldn't be ____.A.better
B.best
C.worst
D.worse 14.— How do you like your teacher of English?
— Well, no one teaches _____ here.A.well
B.poorly
C.best
D.better 15.In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____.A.and much of it is serious
B.much of it is seriousC.and many more is serious
D.more of it is serious 16.— Do you like cats?— Of course.They are ____ a kind of pet.They can do much good for their masters.A.better than
B.more than
C.no more than
D.no better than 17.The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.A.as twice big as B.twice more bigger than
C.twice the size of
D.twice so big as 18.I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.A.far B.free C.different D.short 19.Thank you very much.It's ____ of you.A.kindest B.a most kind C.the most kind D.most kind 20.Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.A.content
B.proud
C.praised
D.enough 參考答案
一.1.A2.A 3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A
15.C。用a little表示“少許”。16.D。題意為“乘火車去那兒要花很長時間;乘汽車更快些。”
17.D。題意為“假如沒有考試的話,我們在學(xué)校就會更快樂。”暗含比較的意味,故選D。
18.D。題意為“你竟然被這么一個簡單的花招所騙,真令我吃驚?!眛rick“計謀,花招,詭計”。
19.C。題意為“因為她不想花太多的錢買袋子,故挑了一個最便宜的。”
20.B。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“such a heavy box”。二.1-10: CCCAD BCDDB 11-20: ABADA BCADA