第一篇:外國迎新年習(xí)俗各不同
外國迎新年
習(xí)俗 各 不 同
2011年12月29日 09:52:51 來源: 新華網(wǎng)
不同國家過新年有不同的習(xí)俗。然而,相同的是家人團(tuán)圓時(shí)的幸福,親友互贈(zèng)禮物時(shí)的開心,祝福中的溫暖??在人們的期待中,2012年即將到來。
新年樅樹已早早地進(jìn)入
俄羅斯家家戶戶,掛滿小彩燈、糖果和彩帶等飾物,以待白胡子“嚴(yán)寒老人”和他穿銀袍戴珠冠的孫女“雪姑娘”乘雪橇而來,把禮物放在樹下。每年的12月31日臨近午夜,一家團(tuán)圓的俄羅斯人會(huì)圍坐電視機(jī)前,聽總統(tǒng)新年賀詞,等克里姆林宮斯巴斯克塔樓敲響新年鐘聲。隨后,大家開“香檳”齊呼“烏拉”。干杯、擁抱、親吻、祝福??有人會(huì)在新年零時(shí)打開家門并許愿,或者拿張紙寫下心愿,點(diǎn)火燒了,灰燼則放進(jìn)酒里喝進(jìn)肚里。
俄羅斯人新年豐盛無比的傳統(tǒng)家宴匯集多種多樣冷盤、熱菜和甜點(diǎn),其中一道名為“奧利維爾”的沙拉是保留菜品,使用香腸、雞蛋、青豆、土豆、酸黃瓜和奶油等食材,一般都是家里人一起動(dòng)手做,其樂融融。
大多數(shù)美國家庭會(huì)在新年守歲,邊看電視邊聊家常。不少教堂舉辦午夜彌撒。在紐約時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)觀看“大蘋果落地”是美國最著名的新年傳統(tǒng),始于1907年。幾十萬人聚集在這個(gè)霓虹閃爍的“世界十字路口”,等待懸掛在時(shí)報(bào)大廈頂端、象征“紐約大蘋果”的水晶燈球,在萬眾一聲的倒數(shù)聲中徐徐降落,在它落地的剎那,新年鐘聲敲響。人們會(huì)在《友誼地久天長》的樂曲聲中,互祝“新年快樂!”
在《友誼地久天長》的故鄉(xiāng)英國,人們更是唱著這首民歌,互祝新年好。許多倫敦人會(huì)去市中心特拉法加廣場(chǎng),還有數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人去泰晤士河邊看煙花,等待大本鐘的新年第一聲,在鐘聲中許下新年心愿。
在蘇格蘭的新年零時(shí),人們會(huì)開始挨家拜年,帶去傳統(tǒng)禮物:面包、飲料和一大塊煤,并會(huì)受邀喝上一杯著名的蘇格蘭威士忌。
在新年,豪爽的蒙古國民眾想方設(shè)法回家團(tuán)聚。他們有這樣的習(xí)俗,新年午夜前一家人都要到齊,否則預(yù)示著來年家庭成員聚少離多。但是,很多人也會(huì)心甘情愿地堅(jiān)守在自己的工作崗位,為他人的團(tuán)聚創(chuàng)造條件。
尼泊爾人把國教印度教的節(jié)日過得豐富多彩,而過公歷新年是近十幾年的新興事物。元旦在2006年才成為公共假日。尼泊爾男女老少慶新年的興致越來越高,近年更喜歡在新年與朋友聚會(huì),去飯館聚餐,有時(shí)還一起表演歌舞自娛自樂。飯館老板說,新年前后是一年里生意最火的時(shí)候,現(xiàn)在就有人開始預(yù)訂了。
在大多數(shù)人口為穆斯林的埃及,人們迎公歷新年喜歡團(tuán)聚在家里,看12月31日從早播到晚的電視節(jié)目“年終特輯”。他們一覽一年里的各類節(jié)目精華和人氣最高的明星,偶爾換個(gè)頻道觀賞國外新年風(fēng)情。合家歡晚宴的主菜多為烤雞套餐,阿拉伯風(fēng)味烤雞配上黑胡椒、洋蔥、玉米、蔬菜沙拉和米飯最為正宗。飽餐之后,人們會(huì)到街邊放煙花添添喜慶。
日本人過新年類似中國人過春節(jié)。日本19世紀(jì)晚期明治維新提倡“全盤西化”,把農(nóng)歷大年初一提前到了公歷元旦。日本的“年味”一進(jìn)入12月就開始積聚,最初是商店、郵局?jǐn)[出各色賀年卡。之后漸漸地,商店、酒館變得熱鬧非凡:人們忙著采買禮物和年貨,公司“忘年會(huì)”酬謝員工辛勞,共同舉杯“忘”別舊歲事擾。
日本新年還有一項(xiàng)獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng),就是“搶福袋”。1月2日起,大百貨公司會(huì)推出各種福袋,袋內(nèi)物品價(jià)值往往是袋外標(biāo)價(jià)的好多倍。福袋不多,為在新年討個(gè)頭彩,日本人常常一大早就去排隊(duì),在商店開門的剎那開始“搶?!?。
第二篇:各國迎新年習(xí)俗大不同
各國迎新年習(xí)俗大不同
世界上不少國家由于民族、文化、信仰、生活習(xí)慣上的不同,歡度新年的飲食習(xí)俗也千差萬別,各具特色。
冷食迎新
巴拉圭人把年終最后五天定為“冷食日”,上至國家元首,下至普通百姓,都不動(dòng)煙火,只吃冷食,直到新年零點(diǎn)鐘聲敲響,才點(diǎn)火烹煮佳肴,歡度新年。
爭吃葡萄
西班牙人在歲末之夜,全家人團(tuán)聚在一起,在教堂零點(diǎn)鐘聲敲響時(shí)爭吃葡萄。如果能合著鐘聲的節(jié)奏吃下十二顆,便象征著在新的一年里每個(gè)月都如意,大吉大利。
吃“七道菜”
伊朗人在歲末之夜特別喜歡吃“七道菜”,并且每道菜的菜名都以字母S開頭,象征一家人全年吉祥。
吃蛋糕
保加利亞人在新年夜要吃特制的新年蛋糕,蛋糕里放有各種小禮物。誰吃到小錢幣,表示新的一年里將成為一個(gè)富裕的人;誰吃到玫瑰花,表示將成為一個(gè)幸福的人。
忌吃禽魚
匈牙利人在元旦忌吃禽肉和魚類。他們認(rèn)為,吃了這些食物后,幸福會(huì)像飛禽那樣飛走,像魚兒那樣溜走。
忌吃肉類
逢年過節(jié),人們一般都要?dú)⒇i宰羊,但馬達(dá)加斯加人在新年到來前的一周,忌吃豬、羊、牛等肉類食品。
忌吃螃蟹
奧地利人在新年吃團(tuán)圓飯時(shí),絕對(duì)不能吃螃蟹。他們認(rèn)為,螃蟹是橫行的,誰吃了它就會(huì)給工作和家庭帶來不幸。
喝光余酒交好運(yùn)
法國人在新年到來之前,各家一定要把家中的余酒全部喝光,以致許多人喝得酩酊大醉。他們認(rèn)為,元旦時(shí)如果家中還有剩余的酒,新一年里交厄運(yùn)。
噴嚏
保加利亞人元旦用餐時(shí),誰打噴嚏誰準(zhǔn)會(huì)給全家人帶來幸福,家長將把“第一只羊、?;蝰R駒許給他,以祝愿他給全家人帶來幸福?!北P碎片送朋友
丹麥人在元旦前夜,家家戶戶都要將平時(shí)打碎的杯盤碎片收集起來,待夜深人靜時(shí)偷偷地送至朋友家的門前。元旦的早晨,如果誰家門前堆放的碎片越多,則說明他家的朋友越多,新年一定很幸運(yùn)。
抱頭痛哭迎新年
印度的一些地區(qū),元旦時(shí)人們不但不慶祝,反而抱頭痛哭。據(jù)說是感嘆歲月易逝及人生的短暫。
婦女坐上市長椅
德國人過元旦,要表演婦女奪權(quán)的喜劇。許多地方的婦女成群結(jié)隊(duì)地沖進(jìn)市政府大廳,闖入市長辦公室,坐上市長辦公椅,表示接管
市長權(quán)力。
不動(dòng)煙火吃冷食,摔瓶打罐扔臉盆
意大利的一些地方,元旦前夜午夜時(shí)分,如果你在路上行走是很不安全的,因?yàn)檫@時(shí)人們都要把屋里的一些破舊瓶、缸、盆等扔出門外砸碎,以示除舊迎新。
沐浴
阿根廷人認(rèn)為水是最圣潔的。每年元旦,各家老少成群結(jié)隊(duì)地到江河洗“新年浴”,并以鮮花揉搓全身,以示洗去污穢和霉氣,換來吉祥和幸福。
涂粉
巴基斯坦人元旦這一天,他們攜帶紅粉出門,見到親友相互把紅粉涂在額上,以示幸運(yùn)吉祥。
爬高
元旦德國人元旦有個(gè)習(xí)慣,比賽爬高。選又直又高的樹砍去樹枝,小伙子順著樹干比賽爬高,以示步步高升。
燒發(fā)
元旦在朝鮮,元旦的黃昏,家家戶戶都要把一年里收集起來的脫落的頭發(fā)全部燒掉。據(jù)說,燒頭發(fā)可以使全家四季平安。
揪耳
元旦巴西農(nóng)村有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,人們?cè)谠┮娒鏁r(shí),一定要相互使勁揪住對(duì)方的耳朵。
第三篇:部分外國婚禮習(xí)俗
部分外國婚禮習(xí)俗
1、碗盆吉利的德國婚禮、應(yīng)邀前來參加婚禮的客人們,第人都帶著幾樣破碟、破盤、破瓶之類的物品,然后玩命地猛砸猛摔一通。他們認(rèn)為這樣 可以幫助新婚夫婦除去昔日的煩惱,迎來甜蜜的開端,在漫 長的生活道路上,夫妻倆能夠始終保持炎熱的愛情,終身形 影相伴、白頭偕老。
2、叫苦不迭的俄羅斯婚禮、婚宴上會(huì)有人大喊“苦??!苦??!”每當(dāng)有人帶頭喊時(shí),在 聲的所有人便會(huì)齊聲附和,這時(shí)新人便會(huì)站起來,當(dāng)眾深情 地一吻。沒過幾分鐘,又會(huì)有人大聲叫“苦”,新郎新娘便 又站起來,再次用甜蜜的吻來平息親友們的叫“苦”聲…… 這樣的 “程序” 在婚宴上至少要重復(fù)十幾次親友們才會(huì)罷休。原來按照俄羅斯人的說法,酒是苦的,不好喝,應(yīng)該用新人 的吻把它變甜。
3、摒棄偏見的猶太婚禮、在猶太以前的婚禮上,祝福完畢后,新郎以右腳打破酒杯,象征對(duì)當(dāng)年圣殿的毀滅的懷念,以及提醒人們永遠(yuǎn)不要忘了 當(dāng)年耶路撒冷圣殿毀滅時(shí)的悲傷時(shí)刻。但在現(xiàn)代婚禮中,人 們則以此風(fēng)俗來表示人類關(guān)系的脆弱,新生活的開始以及摒 棄一切偏見和無知。
4、傳統(tǒng)的日本道教婚禮、
在傳統(tǒng)的日本道教儀式上,人們供奉 kami——存在于自然界 的神靈。在舉行婚禮時(shí),神職人員祈求神靈保佑新婚夫妻。儀式的最后一項(xiàng)是“共飲青酒”,即參加婚禮的人共同分享 盛在三只扁平杯子中的米酒。這三個(gè)杯子從下往上依次摞 放,新郞拿第一個(gè)杯子,啜三口酒,然后傳給新娘,新娘也 連續(xù)啜飲三口酒,再將酒杯依次傳給其他親友。然后再開始 喝第二杯和第三杯酒。
5、靜悄悄的印第安婚禮、印第安人的婚禮帶有濃厚的民族色彩?;槎Y地點(diǎn)多選擇在印 第安人聚居區(qū)的公共建筑物里舉行,一般是一幢較大的大頭 房屋。舉行婚禮里,親朋好友、左鄰右舍、村中居民分紛來 到木房里,眾人席地而坐,互致問候。男女老少身穿民族服 裝,款式新穎,色澤艷麗。雖然印第安人性情開朗,但婚禮 場(chǎng)合卻顯行非常安靜,即使說話也是輕言輕語。
6、傳統(tǒng)與創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合的芬蘭婚禮、現(xiàn)代荷蘭人舉行婚禮不但要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新、有特色,而且更要反映他 們的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗,像拋灑大米、切婚禮蛋糕。豪華婚禮轎車上 裝飾著叮當(dāng)做響的錫罐,新郞要抱著新娘跨過門檻。對(duì)于現(xiàn) 代荷蘭人來說,這些都 是真正的傳統(tǒng)?,F(xiàn)代婚禮可謂是古 典與浪漫的結(jié)合。
7、恪守古老傳統(tǒng)的菲律賓婚禮、通常在婚禮上,新娘要身穿傳統(tǒng)的白色婚紗,而新郎則身穿
菲律賓傳統(tǒng)男式禮服。這種禮服是一種透明的系扣男式襯 衣,通常用來參加一些特殊聚會(huì)或重
大場(chǎng)合。婚禮的主辦人 將會(huì)參加婚禮,見證新人結(jié)拜為夫妻。這些主辦人同時(shí)意味 著指導(dǎo)和幫助,即新婚夫婦 在需要時(shí)可以得到他們慷慨的 幫助。
8、簡單的法國婚禮、結(jié)婚前先訂婚,儀式簡單,一般由女方的家長宴請(qǐng)男方的家 長及兄弟姐妹,也可同時(shí)邀請(qǐng)其他親戚,甚至一兩名好友出 席同?;槎Y也已不斷簡化,但仍不失為最隆重的胚胎節(jié)日,帶有莊嚴(yán)神圣的色彩。婚禮由市長或他的一名副手主持,習(xí)慣上是在周二、周四、周五、周六早 9 時(shí)到下午 5 時(shí)之間。婚后大宴賓客。
9、為了祭祀的印度婚禮、在印度教徒看業(yè),結(jié)婚的首先要止的是種宗教職責(zé),其中祭 祀最為重要,但是,男子必須結(jié)婚生兒子才有資格向祖宗供 奉祭品。因此,在結(jié)婚儀式上,夫婦雙方為此念咒、祈禱、發(fā)誓,并且丈夫?qū)ζ拮用鞔_說道:我為了得到兒子才同你結(jié) 婚。祭司等人也為此而祝愿他們。
10、秘密進(jìn)行的丹麥婚禮、丹麥新人籌辦婚禮會(huì)好幾天,可卻是秘密進(jìn)行的,因?yàn)樗麄?認(rèn)為公開籌辦會(huì)觸怒鬼怪或引起他們的嫉妒。在婚慶快要結(jié) 束的時(shí)候,人們把一大壇啤酒抬到園子里。新郎新娘的手握
在酒壇上方,然后酒壇被打得粉碎。在聲的適婚嫂子會(huì)把碎 片撿起來,撿到最大的碎片的女子注定會(huì)第一個(gè)結(jié)婚,而撿 到最小的注定會(huì)終生不嫁。
第四篇:外國的婚禮習(xí)俗
英國:在傳統(tǒng)的英國式婚禮上,新娘會(huì)手持象征好運(yùn)的馬蹄蓮。若新人住在鄰近教堂處,則要與觀禮嘉賓步行進(jìn)入教堂,并于途中撒滿橙色的花。英國人的婚禮多在正午舉行,隨后安排午餐聚會(huì),稱作新婚餐。而英式的結(jié)婚蛋糕由大量水果制成,并在蛋糕面上飾以碎扁桃仁,頂層有“誕生之瓶”之意,會(huì)保留至第一個(gè)嬰兒出生。
法國:白色是浪漫的法國婚禮的主色調(diào),無論是布置用的鮮花,還是新娘的禮服,乃至所有的布置裝飾,都是白色的,可以看出法國人眼中的婚姻應(yīng)該是純潔無暇的。婚禮上,新娘子會(huì)準(zhǔn)備手工精細(xì)、象征健康以及繁榮圖案的柜子作嫁妝,所以此柜子又有“希望之匣”的美稱。而新人選用的杯子也有特定的名稱,名為“婚禮之杯”。
捷克:在捷克人的婚禮上,女儐相會(huì)把迷迭香的小樹枝扣在賓客的衣服上,以象征生活美滿及堅(jiān)貞不變。禮成后,神父會(huì)在教堂外將新娘交與新郎,并訓(xùn)示新人要努力完成對(duì)方的心愿,然后新人踏過一段鋪滿絲帶的路,新人的親友要新人付款才讓他們通過。
蘇格蘭:傳統(tǒng)的蘇格蘭格子裙是新郎必穿的禮服,富于蘇格蘭特色的風(fēng)笛聲也會(huì)響徹整個(gè)婚禮會(huì)場(chǎng)。和中國人相似,蘇格蘭人還會(huì)放鞭炮以趕走不祥及邪惡之物。
德國:德國人的婚禮則多呈現(xiàn)出瘋狂的一面。到了婚禮舉行之日,新人會(huì)坐由黑馬拉的馬車去教堂。而在婚禮舉行的地方,會(huì)用紅色絲帶和花環(huán)封著出口,新郎須以金錢或答應(yīng)舉行派對(duì)作交換條件,才可以通過出口。另外,在婚宴中,以碎扁桃仁制成的糖果、混有香料的酒和啤酒是款客的主要食品。而在派對(duì)上,新人會(huì)被戲弄(這有些類似于我們的“鬧洞房”),其中重頭節(jié)目就是興高采烈地將碟子擲碎。
希臘:希臘的新娘子會(huì)在手套中放一些糖,代表把甜蜜帶進(jìn)婚姻生活。希臘人喜歡在婚禮中跳傳統(tǒng)的圓舞招待賓客。婚禮舉行時(shí),其中有一項(xiàng)程序是由詩歌班的領(lǐng)唱者訓(xùn)示新郎要好好照顧和保護(hù)妻子,新娘則會(huì)輕拍新郎以示尊重。新人會(huì)用薄紗包著裹以糖衣的扁桃仁,然后分派給賓客,以象征豐足和美滿。
意大利:意大利人的婚俗跟希臘人的婚俗頗為相似,他們同樣喜歡以傳統(tǒng)舞蹈來接待賓客;此外,他們也同樣喜歡分派裹以糖衣的扁桃仁給參與婚禮的嘉賓,不同的是這些扁桃仁在意大利文化中象征著甘與苦。另外,意大利的新娘會(huì)準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)小袋子盛載現(xiàn)金和禮物。
俄羅斯:俄國婚禮最特別的地方,就是在說完祝賀辭并干杯后就把玻璃杯拋向天花板,環(huán)璃杯跌成碎片,象征新人將有美滿的婚姻,這就有“歲歲(碎碎)平安”的意思。
越南婚禮:長輩操辦婚事
居住在越南北部的康族人的婚姻都是由父母或者叔叔安排的。根據(jù)他們的民族習(xí)俗,男方家長第一次到女孩家提親時(shí)要給女方帶兩只小雞,一只肥豬和一籃子大米作為見面禮。此后,這個(gè)男孩要到女方家中住上一段時(shí)間,至少是兩年,多者長達(dá)十二年,一直到女方家長同意他與女兒結(jié)婚。然后,男方必須再次帶著禮品到親家,其中包括50公斤豬肉、4只小雞、5公斤鹽、40公斤大米、20瓶酒和一些錢。女方的父母必須把女兒送到新郎家中,告訴新郎和他的家人新娘有什么本領(lǐng)以及身體健康狀況等。然后新娘就正式成為丈夫家的一名成員了,并且改隨丈夫的姓氏。
非洲婚禮:新娘婚前褪毛
位于埃塞俄比亞腹地的卡洛族在物質(zhì)財(cái)富方面非常貧窮??遄迮訛榱苏业揭粋€(gè)好人家,她們?cè)谶M(jìn)入青春期后,要在前身和腹部用刀片切割出一些口子,而后把大量竹簽插進(jìn)傷口,并使它們呈現(xiàn)一定的圖案。據(jù)卡洛族的男子說,這樣做后,對(duì)男人們具有很大的誘惑力。斯瓦希里族居住在肯尼亞的拉莫地區(qū)。為了把新娘打扮更加美麗,新娘在出嫁的前幾天,要把除頭發(fā)外,脖子以下身體各部位的體毛刮得干干凈凈;然后,在新娘的身上經(jīng)過按摩后被抹上可可油和取自檀香木的香水;新娘的四肢也要在指甲花汁液中浸一浸,接著由女親戚往她的身上畫一些花紋。
泰國——與大樹成親
泰國人相當(dāng)信奉佛教,佛教被定為國教。每個(gè)男子到了一定年齡,都要出家當(dāng)一次和尚,少則三個(gè)月,多則三五年,甚至終生,就連國王也不例外。如果一個(gè)男子沒有當(dāng)過和尚,則不能視為成人,不但親朋看不起,就連找女朋友也很困難。可見佛教在泰國有多大的影響力。這種佛教禮儀甚至還表現(xiàn)在婚禮儀式上。
在泰國南部的一些地方,經(jīng)常可以看到一些人圍著一個(gè)大樹吹吹打打,歡歌曼舞,原來是當(dāng)?shù)啬凶釉谂e行與大樹成親的儀式。別瞧成親的對(duì)象是不會(huì)說話的樹,但儀式卻與真正的男女結(jié)婚儀式一樣隆重?zé)狒[。
同大樹結(jié)婚,男方送的彩禮盛在銀制的大碗里,稱為“龕瑪花”或“龕瑪菜”。龕瑪花通常是25個(gè)檳榔果,龕瑪菜則多為人們喜愛的點(diǎn)心、糖果和枕頭、席子及蠟燭等。
婚禮儀式開始前,新郎身著華麗的禮服,在眾位打扮得花枝招展得少女簇?fù)硐?,由長鼓開道,浩浩蕩蕩來到村中長老選定的大樹前。少女們將彩禮陳列在“新娘樹”前,長老宣布婚禮開始。這時(shí),新郎會(huì)拿出一打蠟燭,逐個(gè)點(diǎn)燃,一一插在龕瑪旁邊,然后傾聽長老朗誦經(jīng)文的有關(guān)章節(jié)。接著,新郎的父親將一些鮮花、檳榔和幾枚銀元放在龕瑪?shù)恼眍^里,村中最為年長的老夫人代表“新娘樹”接受禮物,蠟燭熄滅時(shí),婚禮儀式結(jié)束。人們開始向新郎祝福,并一道進(jìn)餐,之后一起歡歌舞蹈,直到夜幕降臨。
根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗,凡年滿21歲周歲的男子都要舉行一次同大樹結(jié)婚的儀式。完成儀式后,便出家當(dāng)和尚,直到還俗后同女子戀愛結(jié)婚,建立家庭。在當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)觀念中,樹木具有旺盛的生命力,同大樹結(jié)婚,可以得到佛祖的保佑,獲得忠貞的愛情,建立幸福美滿的家庭。
毛里塔尼亞——專搶肥新娘
摩爾人是毛里塔尼亞的一個(gè)主要民族,他們的婚禮更是獨(dú)樹一幟。
長期以來,女兒的婚事都是由當(dāng)母親的做主,當(dāng)父親的不能干預(yù)。一位小伙子看重了哪位姑娘,他的母親便會(huì)帶著禮物到姑娘的母親那里去提親,姑娘的母親如果同意,婚事當(dāng)場(chǎng)便商定下來。
在摩爾人眼里,只有腰身粗、脖子短、臀部突出、乳房高聳的新娘才是公認(rèn)的美人。因?yàn)榉逝值呐耸秦?cái)富的象征。若哪家小伙子娶了肥胖超群的妻子,其婚禮必然異常隆重,許多人都會(huì)不辭辛勞從遠(yuǎn)道趕來,一睹新娘的芳容。
事實(shí)上,為了造就“美嫁娘”,做母親的總是競(jìng)相研究肥胖之道。富貴人家的女孩子,從七八歲開始,每日都要由女仆人用油脂抹在身上,喝羊奶,吃富含脂肪的食物,很少參加戶外活動(dòng)。普通人家的女兒每天也要遵照父母的安排喝下大量的駱駝奶。除此之外,女孩子幾乎每天還要定時(shí)脫去衣服在軟沙上轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)打滾,據(jù)說這樣可以將身體上凹凸不平的地方磨平,成為只見肉不見骨的胖閨女。
婚禮時(shí),新郎新娘的結(jié)婚服裝具有濃厚的民族色彩。新郎身著嶄新白色或藍(lán)色的肥大長袍,頭上纏著一條長達(dá)三米多的白色頭巾。新娘則穿著色澤鮮艷的花裙子,頭上纏著同裙子一樣顏色的布圍巾。
婚禮結(jié)束后,新婚夫婦在一起共同生活一個(gè)星期,便各自返回自己父母身邊去。兩個(gè)月后,再共同生活幾天,隨后再分開。就這樣反復(fù)循環(huán),前后持續(xù)兩年時(shí)間。兩年后,新郎同親朋好友一道,牽著數(shù)頭駱駝來到新娘家,將新娘接回去。從此開始互不分開到夫妻生活。
毛里塔尼亞人的婚俗之所以這樣,是有一定的淵源的。在過去,毛里塔尼亞人結(jié)婚都很早,通常女孩十多歲就出嫁了。新娘還是個(gè)孩子,婚后每隔幾天就要回到娘家,將新婚遇到的各種事情講述給母親,母親則仔細(xì)教導(dǎo)她如何做個(gè)好媳婦,伺候公婆,照顧丈夫。兩年后,新娘長大成人,能夠獨(dú)立處理家事了,便離開母親,新郎新娘分居兩地的生活也就結(jié)束了。
馬里——新娘足、手、牙齦涂黑色
馬里是非洲西部的一個(gè)國家,那里的婚俗就比較有特色。
根據(jù)馬里風(fēng)俗,婚禮前,男女雙方家庭各自都要進(jìn)行緊張而充分的準(zhǔn)備。男方家庭自然是打掃庭院、布置新房、邀請(qǐng)賓客、準(zhǔn)備婚禮宴會(huì)等。女方家庭則主要是準(zhǔn)備嫁妝和打扮新娘。馬里的新娘非常注重發(fā)型。為了讓自己顯得更加活潑有朝氣,新娘常常會(huì)把卷曲的頭發(fā)拉直,并用假發(fā)將頭發(fā)加長,再編成無數(shù)根小辮子,然后將這些發(fā)辮扎成各種圖樣的發(fā)型。
她們還會(huì)用各種各樣的獸骨片和五光十色的貝殼裝飾自己的頭發(fā),如此一來就更顯得俏麗多姿了。新娘梳完頭,還要佩戴上項(xiàng)鏈、耳環(huán)、手鐲、腳鐲、甚至鼻環(huán),又大又重的鼻環(huán),十分引人注目。除此之外,新娘還要染足、畫手和涂牙齦。在馬里,黑色被認(rèn)為是美的象征。出嫁的姑娘都喜歡將足、手、牙齦涂成黑色,以顯示自己的美麗。婦女們采來散沫花樹葉制成涂料,將其涂在手腳上,手腳就變成了灰色或黑色。涂牙齦是先用針將牙齦刺出血,將涂料抹在出血處,涂料隨傷口浸入皮肉,一次染黑,終生不褪。染足、畫手和涂牙齦既費(fèi)神費(fèi)時(shí),還要付出血的代價(jià),但是為了美,馬里新娘甘愿作出犧牲。最后,新娘要進(jìn)行沐浴,撒上香水,穿上漂亮的婚禮服裝,戴上艷麗的頭巾,等待新郎來迎娶。
馬里的迎親帶有搶婚的色彩,尤其在山區(qū),這種風(fēng)俗更為盛行。舉行婚禮的那天晚上,新郎約上幾位身強(qiáng)力壯的好友和鄰居,憑著夜幕的掩護(hù),來到新娘家,輕輕推開虛掩著的門,悄悄進(jìn)入新娘的房間,兩三個(gè)人駕著新娘飛快走出門,任憑新娘怎樣掙扎和哭喊,都不放手。在新郎的帶領(lǐng)下,一伙人簇?fù)碇x開家門,匆匆朝著男方家飛奔而去。
科威特——格斗示愛
當(dāng)新娘新郎進(jìn)入新房,陪伴人退出后,新郎、新娘跪拜,然后新郎用力拉新娘,以顯示自己的威武有力;而新娘也不甘示弱,奮起反擊。這種“格斗”越激烈,姑娘家里的人越高興。新郎如果斗不過新娘,則被認(rèn)為是奇恥大辱。
土耳其——一夫多妻
土耳其是穆斯林國家,伊斯蘭教允許一夫多妻制。凱末爾革命后,法律禁止一夫多妻制。現(xiàn)在是一夫多妻與一夫一妻并存。對(duì)正式的、非宗教的結(jié)婚儀式不重視,而由教長主持的穆斯林儀式的婚禮相當(dāng)隆重。
土耳其農(nóng)村和小城鎮(zhèn)買賣婚姻仍然存在。搶來的婚姻屢見不鮮,往往是男青年把自己的意中人搶走藏起來。被搶的姑娘會(huì)被人們看作不潔的女人。等到姑娘的父親成為外公時(shí),兩家的關(guān)系也就和解了。
在土耳其,還有一種“勞役婚姻”,即家境貧困的男青年由于拿不起結(jié)婚聘金,常去當(dāng)“入贅女婿”,在未來的岳父家服二、三年勞役后,再行結(jié)婚。
土耳其還存在著一種兩家互相交換新娘的婚俗。男青年家有已到結(jié)婚年齡的妹妹,他所看中的姑娘又有兄弟,在這種情況下可以實(shí)行換婚,在土耳其農(nóng)村也流行弟弟娶兄長遺霜為妻的婚俗。因?yàn)楣褘D再嫁是得不到聘金的,而且也避免寡婦外嫁帶走家中的土地、牲畜和財(cái)產(chǎn)。在土耳其,有些地方婚禮要持續(xù)好幾天,另一些地方,結(jié)婚儀式又非常簡單文雅。前者主要是在農(nóng)村一些地方。
墨西哥——我猜,我猜,我猜猜猜
該國索拉夫族人結(jié)婚,必須先相互猜出對(duì)方的生辰,如果猜錯(cuò)了,族長就會(huì)宣布婚約無效。這種猜婚看來不大容易成功,實(shí)際上有心人早已交換過情報(bào)。因此,到墨西哥旅游,要記住這種忌諱:千萬不要向索拉夫族人打聽人家的生辰,以免引起誤會(huì)。
印地安人——搶婚
印地安人度蜜月與別的民族不同,不是在婚后,而是在婚前。小伙子會(huì)乘月夜把自己的意中人“搶”走,到森林深處過滿一個(gè)月近乎與世隔絕的生活。滿一個(gè)月后,雙雙歸家拜見雙方父母親,這才正式舉行婚禮。這就是印地安人的婚戀“三部曲”:搶親、蜜月、結(jié)婚。
西班牙——倒吊接吻
西班牙的馬爾達(dá)市,自古以來有一種獨(dú)一無二的婚俗:結(jié)婚那一天,新郎新娘被人頭朝下把腳吊起來。然后讓他們巧施才能,直到能在空中長時(shí)間接吻為止。否則所有參加婚禮的來賓都不準(zhǔn)入席開宴。
印度尼西亞——踩完雞蛋,再洗腳
印尼爪哇島上流行著一種有趣的婚俗。當(dāng)新郎到新娘家迎親時(shí),新娘家的人要在他面前擺一只銀盤。盤中放一個(gè)生雞蛋,新郎要當(dāng)眾赤著腳踩破它。這是表示新郎永遠(yuǎn)愛新娘,哪怕粉身碎骨也不變心。隨后,新娘面帶笑容,取水跪地,為新郎洗腳,以表示感激和服從。
第五篇:關(guān)外國和中國結(jié)婚習(xí)俗的英語文章
關(guān)外國和中國結(jié)婚習(xí)俗的英語文章
Wedding Ring
The wedding ring has been in evidence.Some believe the wedding ring was the first element of wedding traditions.The circular shape of the wedding ring symbolizes never-ending love.Third finger, left hand It is believed that the vein in the third finger of the left hand runs directly to the heart.Wedding Flowers
Historically, flowers & herbs have played a significant role in the attraction of “good” and/or the warding off of “evil”.Greeks used ivy for the sign of lasting love.Today, pretty wedding flowers convey a message of fertility and enduring love and romance.The minister will speak
To Groom:_ Do you take this woman to be your wedded wife, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you love her, comfort her, honor, and keep her, in sickness and in health;and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto her, so long as you both shall live _(Groom: “I do.”)
To Bride: Do you take this man to be your wedded husband, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you obey him and serve him, love, honor, and keep him, in sickness and in health;_ and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto him, so long as you both shall live _(Bride:_ “I do.”)
(Minister takes the bride by the right hand & taking the groom by the right hand, brings the hands together and instructs the couple to join hands.)
美國人的婚禮
Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do.There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare;there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted;and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests.But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.美國的國土上居住著各種各樣的人,他們的婚禮也千差萬別.有熱鬧莊重的教堂婚禮;有在山頂上舉行的婚禮,客人們光著腳陪伴登高;也有在海底舉行的婚禮,客人們戴著氧氣罐跟著入水.但婚禮無論在哪兒舉行或怎樣舉行,總有某些傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗.Before a couple is married, they become engaged.And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away.When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.在舉行婚禮前先要先訂婚,然后發(fā)放請(qǐng)貼給住在附近的人和好朋友以及遠(yuǎn)方的親戚.當(dāng)一切準(zhǔn)備就緒,就該到最激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻了.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes.The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played.The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will “give her away”.The groom enters the church from a side door.When the wedding party is gathered by the altar, the bride and groom exchange vows.It is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”.Following the vows, the couple exchange rings.Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.婚禮本身通常進(jìn)行20至40分鐘.婚禮一行人伴著結(jié)婚進(jìn)行曲進(jìn)入教堂.新娘手持一束鮮花和她的父親最后進(jìn)來,父親要把她交給新郎.而新郎則要從側(cè)門進(jìn)入教堂.當(dāng)婚禮一行人聚集到教堂的祭壇前時(shí),新娘和新郎互相表達(dá)誓言.常用的結(jié)婚誓言是:“而今而后,不論境遇好壞,家境貧富,生病與否,誓言相親相愛,至死不分離.”宣誓過后,二人交換戒指.通常把戒指戴在左手無名指上,這是一個(gè)古老的風(fēng)俗.After the ceremony there is often a party, called a reception,which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds.禮儀過后,通常會(huì)有宴會(huì),叫“喜宴”.宴會(huì)給參加婚禮的人一個(gè)向新婚夫婦祝賀的機(jī)會(huì).The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream.The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window.The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests.When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking and drawing attention to them.And then the couple go on their honeymoon.新郎新娘乘坐汽車離開教堂,汽車上裝飾有氣球,彩色紙帶,刮須膏之類的東西.“新婚燕爾”
幾個(gè)字常寫在汽車后的行李箱上或后玻璃窗上.新娘新郎從婚禮客人撒下的雨點(diǎn)般的生大米中跑向汽車.小兩口兒開車離開教堂時(shí),朋友們常常開車
追趕他們,不停地按喇叭,引他們注意.然后小兩口兒就接著去度蜜月了.結(jié)婚前6~9個(gè)月需做的事項(xiàng):
(1)設(shè)定婚期;(2)決定基本婚禮形式;(3)拜訪牧師,看看教堂對(duì)婚禮有什么規(guī)定;(4)初步?jīng)Q定來賓名;(5)初步核算婚禮開銷;(6)初步擇婚禮與婚宴地點(diǎn);(7)選擇婚禮顧問;(8)選擇舉辦婚宴的公司;(9)挑選新娘禮服;
(10)選擇婚禮攝影師、錄影師;(11)選擇婚的色調(diào)。結(jié)婚前4~6個(gè)月需做的事項(xiàng):(1)選擇婚宴的樂隊(duì)或DJ;(2)選婚禮、婚宴的音樂;(3)預(yù)訂邀請(qǐng)函;(4)決定婚禮與婚宴地點(diǎn);(5)安排婚禮禮車;(6)開始蜜月計(jì)劃;(7)在商店里注冊(cè)接受結(jié)婚禮物;(注:新娘可以到美國各大百貨商店注冊(cè)接受結(jié)婚禮物,并注明接受禮物的種類。想送禮的人只要到商店看一下新娘的注冊(cè)單子,看看還有哪些未婚夫婦要的東西沒有人買,然后在商店里選一選,付了錢就行。過后,新娘會(huì)到商店把物一并取出。這樣做省時(shí)省力,又實(shí)惠,還免去不少退換禮物的麻煩)
(8)計(jì)劃婚禮、婚宴環(huán)境布置
結(jié)婚前3個(gè)月需做的事項(xiàng):
(1)選擇給父母、近親、伴娘及伴郎的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念品或小禮物;
(2)買結(jié)婚戒指;注:結(jié)婚戒指與訂婚戒指不同。訂婚戒指一般是男方求婚時(shí)買給女方的禮物,通常是顆粒的鉆戒。結(jié)婚戒指一般是未婚夫婦一起去買的對(duì)戒,造型比較簡單。)
(3)預(yù)訂結(jié)婚蛋糕;
(4)買切結(jié)婚蛋糕的刀、新婚夫婦干杯的酒杯、來賓簽字紀(jì)念冊(cè)及新娘的吊襪帶。(注:一般美國婚宴上都有一個(gè)節(jié)目,讓新郎用牙齒把新娘的吊襪帶從她大腿上取下,往往把宴會(huì)氣氛推向高潮,所以新娘在挑選吊襪帶時(shí)都會(huì)格外講究。)
結(jié)婚前1~2個(gè)月需做的事項(xiàng):
(1)安排婚禮排練及婚宴排練的時(shí)間與地點(diǎn);
(2)郵寄婚禮邀請(qǐng)函;(注:邀請(qǐng)函里不但會(huì)注明婚禮及婚宴的時(shí)與地點(diǎn),還有一個(gè)貼好郵票的回執(zhí)信封,請(qǐng)被邀請(qǐng)人寫明參加婚宴的人數(shù)以選擇的主菜。大多數(shù)婚宴都會(huì)有2種至3種主菜供任選一樣。未婚夫婦在收到回信后會(huì)算一下每種主菜的預(yù)訂數(shù)量,然后通知舉辦結(jié)婚宴席的公司按照這些數(shù)量去準(zhǔn)備。因?yàn)榕e辦婚宴的公司通常都是按照參加婚禮的人頭來收費(fèi)并準(zhǔn)備主菜,所以來賓數(shù)字的正確與否非常重要。如果有人因?yàn)槊Χ税研偶某?,也沒有打電話告訴未婚夫婦,到婚宴的時(shí)候就自說自話去了,很有可能會(huì)空肚子而歸。)
(3)最后試穿新禮服;(4)最后試穿伴娘禮服;(5)敲定婚禮及婚宴的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié);(6)確認(rèn)蜜月旅行的機(jī)票、酒店;(7)領(lǐng)取結(jié)婚證書;(8)取結(jié)婚戒指。
結(jié)婚前2個(gè)星期至1個(gè)月需做的事項(xiàng):
舉辦新娘結(jié)婚洗禮Bridal Shower)。(注:這個(gè)聚會(huì)一般是由伴娘主持,邀請(qǐng)所有新娘的女友與女親戚參加。男士一般不參加。這個(gè)慶祝會(huì)除了講些“女人話”外,很多人也會(huì)趁這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)提前送結(jié)婚禮物。)
結(jié)婚前1~2個(gè)星期需做的事項(xiàng):
(1)取新娘禮服、頭飾、伴娘禮服;(2)如有何變化,通知所有參加婚禮者;(3)為蜜月旅行準(zhǔn)備行李;
(4)婚禮排練與婚宴排練;(注:絕大多數(shù)未婚夫婦為了確?;槎Y與婚宴的順利進(jìn)行,在正式婚禮前都會(huì)選一天進(jìn)行婚禮排練。參加排練的一般是男女雙方的家人加上伴娘與伴郎。根據(jù)婚禮的常規(guī),新娘一般是由她的父親挽手出來,所以婚禮排練的主要一點(diǎn)是讓們父女偕步,以免正式舉辦婚禮的時(shí)候出洋相。至于所謂的“婚宴排練”,其實(shí)主要是未婚夫婦在婚禮排練之后以晚飯形式感謝所有參與婚禮準(zhǔn)備的人包括雙方的家人、伴娘與伴郎。未婚夫婦也會(huì)趁此機(jī)會(huì)送一些謝小禮物。)
(5)新娘做指甲;(6)最后確認(rèn)一下來賓數(shù);
(7)為新郎舉辦“單身慶祝會(huì)”(Bachelor Party)。(注:未婚新郎的“單身慶祝會(huì)”通常是由他的好友代為安排,只有男士參,意為讓新郎向他的“單身生活”告別,但同時(shí)也要他牢記單身的“美妙回憶”,于是往往轉(zhuǎn)變成“男人最后的瘋狂”。啤酒、舞女是這聚會(huì)的主題,與新娘洗禮形成鮮明對(duì)比。)
婚前準(zhǔn)備和新婚禮品
男女結(jié)婚之前,往往好友都要來聚會(huì)。女青年們舉行送禮會(huì),其中以送廚房用品為最多。如送烹任參考書、水桶、咖啡壺、炒菜鍋等。男青年們也為自己的朋友舉行一次單身派對(duì)(Bachelor
Party),并且聲言只許男人參加,女賓恕不招待。在會(huì)上,他們可以共送一件比較貴重的禮物給新郎,然后追憶少年時(shí)的好時(shí)光,互相惜別,并為新郎成家而慶賀,舉杯碰盞,一醉方休。欲向新婚夫婦送禮,應(yīng)在接到婚禮請(qǐng)?zhí)蛟诮Y(jié)婚日期公布后,便把禮物送去新娘家。禮物應(yīng)用白紙包裝,系上白綢帶,附上自己的名片,還可以寫上一句祝辭。所送禮品多屬花瓶、瓷器、餐具、床毯等日常用品。在送給新娘的銀器或織品上刻上新娘名字的第一個(gè)字母。也是很常見的做法。
如果嚴(yán)格按照習(xí)俗辦理,婚前還要有一系列程序。先是舉行訂婚儀式,屆時(shí)男女雙方交換訂婚戒指,把事前準(zhǔn)備好的鉆石戒指戴在對(duì)方的左手無名指上。這種風(fēng)俗??勺匪莸皆忌鐣?huì)晚期。當(dāng)時(shí)有些部落在舉行婚禮時(shí),男女雙方要交換用花環(huán),以保證靈魂的結(jié)合。今天交換戒指,則象征雙方相互承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和牢不可破的感情。訂婚儀式后,就要為正式婚禮做準(zhǔn)備,如印發(fā)請(qǐng)?zhí)?,展示結(jié)婚禮品并向送禮人表示感謝,兩家會(huì)親,宴請(qǐng)親友,布置教堂,預(yù)備男女儐相的服裝等等。一切準(zhǔn)備就緒,婚禮的時(shí)刻便將來臨了。
按照傳統(tǒng),婚禮之日,在走上教堂的圣壇之前,新郎新娘不能會(huì)面?;槎Y之前,也不允許新郎看新娘的禮服。新娘須著雪白長裙,戴潔白面紗,以象征純潔。同時(shí),新娘穿戴的衣物中必須包括有新的、舊的、借來的和藍(lán)色的四種東西。舊東西,可以是新娘母親穿戴過的衣物,藍(lán)色的東西通常則是藍(lán)色的吊襪帶。
整個(gè)婚禮活動(dòng)從婚禮儀式開始。儀式一般在教堂舉行,但也可能安排在家中或者旅館的舞廳里。在教堂舉行婚禮時(shí),賓客們分別坐在教堂走廊的兩側(cè),女賓坐右側(cè),男賓坐左側(cè),女賓前面是新郎父母,男賓前面是新娘父母。婚禮開始,新娘挽著其父的手臂,緩緩?fù)ㄟ^走廊向圣壇走去。他們的前后簇?fù)碇皇椒b的男女儐相和最親近的親友。這時(shí),負(fù)責(zé)撤花的女孩走到新娘前面,從花籃中將一把把花瓣撒在走廊上。新娘父親把新娘帶上圣壇,便把她交給著深色禮服的新郎。接著,新郎在左,新娘在右,面對(duì)牧師站好,由牧師為其舉行傳統(tǒng)的儀式。牧師將結(jié)婚戒捐戴在新娘的左手無名指上,在鄭重其事地說完“現(xiàn)在我宣布你們二人正式結(jié)為夫妻”之后,新郎新娘便回到走廊上。整個(gè)儀式一般不超過45分鐘。
儀式結(jié)束,新郎新娘手挽手在音樂聲中步出教堂,參加婚禮的人們紛紛向他們拋撒米粒、玫瑰花瓣和五彩紙屑,向他們祝福.婚宴 按照習(xí)慣,婚宴由女方家里舉辦,其豐盛程度,要取決于女方家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。婚宴熱鬧非常,觥籌交錯(cuò),碰杯之聲不絕于耳。此時(shí)在座的每一位男客都可以親吻新娘,這大概是西方封建時(shí)代的遺俗。
過去封建地主在姑娘新婚前夕有吻她一下的權(quán)利。不過今天,也許只意味著新娘開始告別自己的青年時(shí)代,從此就要做一個(gè)忠實(shí)的妻子了。在精美漂亮的結(jié)婚大蛋糕被搬上餐桌后,新郎新娘要手把手地握住一把刀,共同將蛋糕切開,二人先各吃一片,然后再款待所有的客人。有時(shí)人們還把小塊蛋糕送給那些沒來的朋友。
有一種有趣的說法,認(rèn)為把幾塊結(jié)婚蛋糕盛在小盒中,讓未婚姑娘帶回家放在枕下,她便能在夢(mèng)中見到未來的丈夫。結(jié)婚蛋糕的出現(xiàn),可以追溯到很久以前。世界上有許多民族都曾把新郎新娘分吃食物作為婚禮的重要儀式。古希臘客人們?cè)诨槎Y上一同分吃拌有蜂蜜的芝麻蛋糕;古羅馬早期的結(jié)婚儀式,也是新郎新娘先用蛋糕祭神,然后再二人分吃。
宴會(huì)即將結(jié)束,新娘站在屋子中間,將手中的花束從左肩信手向背后年輕姑娘們拋去。據(jù)說,碰到花束的姑娘將成為下一次婚禮上的新娘。所以這時(shí)在場(chǎng)的姑娘神態(tài)各異,靦腆的姑娘羞澀地躲閃,大方的姑娘則毫不顧忌地?fù)屩ソ踊ㄊ佂昊ㄊ吕蛇€可以將新娘的吊襪帶摘下來,向小伙于們?nèi)尤ィプ〉跻m帶的人就意味著快要做新郎了。宴會(huì)在這歡快的氣氛中結(jié)束。度蜜月 婚禮畢,人們歡送新郎新娘去度蜜月,這一場(chǎng)面充滿詼諧和滑稽,與方才的莊重和熱鬧恰成對(duì)照。屆時(shí)新郎要想方設(shè)法帶妻子趕快離開,而那些調(diào)皮的客人則想出種種新奇花樣阻止汽車開走。他們有時(shí)把剃須膏抹在司機(jī)座前的車窗上,使新郎不得不下車來擦掉;有時(shí)把一串罐頭盒掛在車尾,弄得叮擋作響。當(dāng)汽車終于突出包圍困時(shí),人們便在后面一陣追趕,最后在笑聲中目送汽車遠(yuǎn)去。這種情景,象征著人們對(duì)新娘的愛慕,表現(xiàn)出親人和朋友對(duì)新婚夫妻難舍難分的情感。此時(shí)此刻也正是新郎顯示自己有足夠力量和智慧保護(hù)妻子的大好時(shí)機(jī)。
度“蜜月”的說法也有一番來歷。據(jù)說度蜜月的風(fēng)俗起源于德國的古條頓人。那時(shí)男女舉行婚禮后,要到風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方去旅行。同時(shí)每天都要喝蜜糖水或是蜜釀成的酒,連喝30天不得中斷,以示幸福生活的開始。這種風(fēng)俗一直流傳至今,只是不用再喝糖水了。度蜜月的時(shí)間也未必恰好是一個(gè)月,或一定要到風(fēng)景區(qū)去旅游。這既取決于時(shí)間是否許可,也取決于男方是否有足夠的金錢。因?yàn)橥檠缦喾矗墼侣眯械馁M(fèi)用要由新郎家負(fù)擔(dān)。
中國的結(jié)婚風(fēng)俗
Wedding Ring
The wedding ring has been in evidence.Some believe the wedding ring was the first element of wedding traditions.The circular shape of the wedding ring symbolizes never-ending love.Third finger, left hand It is believed that the vein in the third
finger of the left hand runs directly to the heart.Wedding Flowers
Historically, flowers & herbs have played a significant role in the attraction of “good” and/or the warding off of “evil”.Greeks used ivy for the sign of lasting love.Today, pretty wedding flowers convey a message of fertility and enduring love and romance.The minister will speak
To Groom:_ Do you take this woman to be your wedded wife, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you love her, comfort her, honor, and keep her, in sickness and in health;and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto her, so long as you both shall live _(Groom: “I do.”)
To Bride: Do you take this man to be your wedded husband, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you obey him and serve him, love, honor, and keep him, in sickness and in health;_ and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto him, so long as you both shall live _(Bride:_ “I do.”)
(Minister takes the bride by the right hand & taking the groom by the right hand, brings the hands together and instructs the couple to join hands.)
中國北方結(jié)婚習(xí)俗英文版
Pre-existing elements of traditional Chinese wedding ceremony is generally credited to scholars of the Warring States period, 402-221 B.C.The Three Covenants and the Six Rites, which were considered necessary elements of a marriage.However, the full ritual was too complicated, so even within the span of the Warring States period;the etiquette underwent changes and simplification.” What remained constant were the chief objectives: joining and enhancing the two families and ensuring succession with numerous descendants.Reverence to parents and ancestors, omens to encourage fertility and wealth, financial and social obligations contracted by both families at the betrothal, extensive gift giving etiquette, and the bride’s incorporation into her husband’s family are recurring elements.”
1There are six steps to form a completely wedding: The Proposal, The Betrothal, and Preparing for the Wedding Day, Day of the Wedding, Day After the Wedding, and Three Days after the Wedding.Before the wedding ritual, there are a lot to do, including The “Hair Dressing” Ritual which is done at dawn on her wedding day(or the night before).A “good luck woman”, woman with living parents, spouse and children, will come to help dressing up the bride’s hair.The woman should also speak auspicious words while tying up her hair in a bun, a style of married woman.Though this “hair dressing” ceremony, people give their best wishes to the bride so the bride will bring good luck to the groom and his family。The “Capping” Ritual “ that is performed at the groom’s home, where father of the groom place a hat decorated with cypress leaves on the groom’s head”.The groom will bring the bridal sedan chair, an equivalent of a limousine nowadays, and a group of relatives and friends to go to fetch the bride.This act also wishes the groom to have good luck.The Bride’s Journey to the Groom’s House which is do by the “good luck woman” or a dajin, employed by the bride’s family to look after the bride, carried the bride on her back to the sedan chair.Arriving at the Groom’s House and after stepping over a saddle or a lit stove, the wedding ritual comes to the emphases.In contrast to the elaborate preparations, the wedding ceremony itself is simple.The bride and groom are conducted to the family altar, where they pay homage to Heaven and Earth, the family ancestors and the Kitchen God, Tsao-Chün.Tea, generally with two lotus seeds or two red dates in the cup, is offered to the groom’s parents.Then the bride and groom bow to each other.This completes the marriage ceremony, except in some regions, where both also drink wine from the same goblet, eat sugar molded in the form of a rooster, and partake of the wedding dinner together.Immediately after the ceremony, the couples are led to the bridal chamber, where both sit on the bed.In some areas, honey and wine poured into two goblets linked by
a red thread.The bride and groom take a few sips and then exchange cups and drink it up.And the guests that are usually the relatives of the bride and groom, will enjoy separately rich banquet which is by either the bride’s parents or the groom’s.It is generally considered as public recognition of the union.介紹一下中國婚禮習(xí)俗
Ever since ancient times, there has been a saying that the three most delightful moments in one's life come with success in the imperial examination, marriage and the birth of a son.From the Qin(221 BC – 206 BC)to Qing(1644 – 1911)Dynasties, the feudal system dominated over two thousands years.During this period, the importance of getting married was far more than that a person found his better half.For the male side, it determined the prosperity and even the future fame of their family;while for the female side, it meant that parents lost the chance of seeing their daughter for a long time.Thus to choose an ideal partner was vital for both the individual and the family.In feudal society, a marriage would be decided not by a young couple's love, but by their parents' desires.Only after a matchmaker's introduction and when parents considered the two family conditions were similar and could be matched, would the marriage procedures go forward.Conditions that should be taken into consideration included wealth and social status.If a boy's family was well-off or an official family, his parents would never permit him to marry a girl from a poor family.Essential to the marriage process were the commonly recognized 'three Letters and six etiquettes'.The three letters were the betrothal letter, the gift letter with a gifts list and the wedding letter used on the day the bridegroom met his bride at her home.Six etiquettes then led to the final wedding ceremony.Proposing: when a boy's parents intended to make a match, they would invite a matchmaker to propose with them at the girl's home.It was the custom that the first time matchmaker went as a guest they could not be served tea in order not to 'lighten the marriage'.If the proposal was successful, however, the matchmaker(usually a woman)would be rewarded with profuse gifts and feasts to show the two families' gratitude.Many unmarried young people could not see and were unfamiliar with each other till their wedding day.Birthday Matching: after knowing the girl's full name and birthday, they would ask a fortune teller to predict whether that could match their son's and whether there would be a happy marriage.The Chinese zodiac would be surely taken into consideration.Presenting Betrothal Gifts: if the match was predicted to be auspicious, the matchmaker would take gifts to the girl's parents and tell them that the process could continue.Presenting Wedding Gifts: This was the grandest etiquette of the whole process of engagement.Prolific gifts were presented again to the girl's family, symbolizing respect and kindness towards the girl’s family as well as the capability of providing a good life for the girl.Selecting the Wedding Date: the boy's family asked the fortune-teller to choose a date according to the astrological book when it would be proper and propitious to hold the wedding ceremony.Wedding Ceremony: the wedding ceremony began with the groom and his party meeting the bride in her home.Before this day the bride's dowry would have been sent to the boy's house.The dowry represented her social status and wealth, and would be displayed at the boy's house.The most common dowries included scissors like two butterflies never separating, rulers indicating acres of fields, and vases for peace and wealth.Before the meeting party's arrival, the bride would be helped by a respectable old woman to tie up her hair with colorful cotton threads.She would wear a red skirt as Chinese believed red foreshadowed delight.When the party arrived, the bride, covered by a red head-kerchief, must cry with her mother to show her reluctance to leave home.She would be led or carried by her elder brother to the sedan.In the meeting party the bridegroom would meet a series of difficulties intentionally set in his path.Only after coping with these could he pass to see his wife-to-be.On the arrival of the sedan at the wedding place, there would be music and firecrackers.The bride would be led along the red carpet in a festive atmosphere.The bridegroom, also in a red gown, would kowtow three times to worship the heaven, parents and spouse.Then the new couple would go to their bridal chamber and guests would be treated to a feast.Wine should be poured to the brim of a cup but must not spill over.On the night of the wedding day, there was a custom in some places for relatives or friends to banter the newlyweds.Though this seemed a little noisy, both of them dropped shyness and got familiar with each other.On the third day of the marriage, the new couple would go back to the bride's parents' home.They would be received with also a dinner party including relatives.Of course, marriage customs differed by region, but these were the most common.They have been maintained for thousands of years, but in recent years(especially after the founding of modern China), people have tended to discard some of the details and advocate simplified marriage procedures and wedding ceremonies.娶親回來,新娘、新郎在進(jìn)大門時(shí),門口左右預(yù)先放著的兩捆干草要點(diǎn)燃。干草是用紅線繩捆著,草內(nèi)夾放著油炸糕。點(diǎn)干草含有三層意思:其一,因干草乃“五谷”之一的秸稈,點(diǎn)燃是祈祝五谷豐登;其二,干草里夾油糕,借“糕”字音寓意步步登高;其三,捆系干草的線是紅色的,點(diǎn)燃后的火也是紅的,可以辟邪。不論是為了辟邪、還是祈福,紅色,都包含著強(qiáng)烈的生活的愿望、意志和追求。生活仿佛是從結(jié)婚開始,而紅色的婚禮,象征紅紅火火的日子。
“中國紅”婚禮
紅色是中國的傳統(tǒng)色、吉祥色、喜慶色。紅色是一種具有強(qiáng)烈視覺沖擊力的光線,有著生命的、火的色彩和光輝,所以,古人認(rèn)為紅色可以驅(qū)除一切邪氣。婚禮是人生最重要的事情,不允許一絲一毫的邪祟作怪,所以紅色成了傳統(tǒng)婚禮的主色調(diào)。紅燈籠、紅喜字、紅對(duì)聯(lián)、紅窗花,從大場(chǎng)面到小細(xì)節(jié),整個(gè)婚禮都是紅色的。
五色綢子
五色綢子五色線
娶親當(dāng)日,新郎、新娘胸前都帶脯花,花的綴飾是五色綢子五色線。五色也叫五彩,青黃赤白黑,象征五彩繽紛,以紅為主,圖大吉大利。不僅胸前帶五色綢子、五色線,連隨嫁帶的大紅包袱上也是五彩綢佩帶。
褲袋里裝錢
結(jié)婚之日,新郎、新娘束系的都是大紅褲帶。褲帶是空心的,里邊裝著錢。清代時(shí),裝的錢是“字錢”,解放初期裝的是硬幣,現(xiàn)在裝的是百元大鈔,名為 “富貴”,寓意是婚后能招財(cái)進(jìn)寶,成為腰纏萬貫的富豪人家。折棗枝和拿筷、杯 新郎去娶親時(shí),要從新娘家折些棗樹枝子,并要兩雙筷子、兩個(gè)喝水杯,用紅絲帶系在一起,用紅綢布包好帶走。
“棗枝”寓意婚后“早得子”。一雙筷子、一對(duì)水杯,意指成雙成對(duì)和婚后有吃有喝,不受貧窮。
隨身佩帶紅手帕
新娘出嫁將要起程時(shí),姑娘、姑爺雙雙要向父母作揖告別。此景此情,不免令人傷感落淚,帶上手帕便于抹眼淚。從前,新娘出嫁時(shí)要哭到村外,據(jù)說新娘子哭嫁的淚水會(huì)給莊稼帶來甘露。古代女子一旦出嫁,特別是遠(yuǎn)嫁他鄉(xiāng),便很少有機(jī)會(huì)與父母見面,其傷心程度可想而知。而今在城市里,哭嫁已經(jīng)不尋常了,新娘出嫁帶手帕,只是依照習(xí)俗而行。
“紅蓋頭” 過去新娘出嫁時(shí)坐轎子,戴“紅蓋頭”,現(xiàn)在出嫁一般是坐小轎車,戴“面紗”。“蓋頭”和“面紗”同是一個(gè)同意,是在顯示和代表新娘青春、貞潔和尊貴。
送親奶奶或伴娃娃
與新娘一同坐在大紅轎子里的人,如果陪送的是姑姑或嬸嬸,稱作“送親奶奶”;如果陪送的人是新娘的侄兒侄女,稱作“伴娃娃”。如果沒有陪送的人,則在新娘轎子里放一個(gè)大饃饃,彩繪成紅花五色,稱“喜饃”,寓意是新娘坐的不是孤獨(dú)單人轎。
上下轎子不沾地
新娘出嫁上、下轎子,講究腳不沾地。古人傳說人間有人結(jié)婚時(shí),天狗星就要滴血,如果讓新娘子的腳踩上天狗星的血,就不會(huì)生孩子了。所以上轎(車)要人抱,下轎(車)要人背,進(jìn)洞房要踩著黃布,都是這個(gè)用意
Married back, the bride, the groom at the entry gate, the gate stood about in advance of the two bundles of hay to be ignited.Hay is the red line Shengkun the grass stood inside the folder deep-fried cakes.Contains a three-point hay meaning: first, because hay is a “grain” one of the straw, light is pray bumper grain harvest;secondly, hay inside folders You Gao, use the “cake” pronunciation implication ascend step by step;Third, the Department of hay bales line is red, lit the fire is red, you can ward off
evil.Whether in order to ward off evil, or praying, red, all with a strong desire to live, will, and pursuit.Life is like starting from the marriage, while the red wedding, symbolizing the booming days.“China Red” Wedding
Red is a traditional Chinese color, lucky colors, happy colors.Red is a strong visual impact of light, has a life, fire and brilliant color, so red and could drive out the ancient Chinese believed that all the evil.A wedding is the most important things in life do not allow a shred of evil evil spirit trouble, so the red color became the main traditional wedding.Red lanterns, red hi word, red couplets, red bars scenes from large to small details, the wedding is red.Colored silk
Five-color silk colored lines
Married that day, the bride and groom have brought chest chest flower, flowers, inlaid with a five-color silk colored lines.Colored, also known as colorful, Qinghuang Chibai black, symbolizing the colors, mainly red, Figure good luck.Not only the chest with a five-color silk, colored lines, even with the marriage of the red tape burden is also five colored silk wear.Installed in his hip pocket money
Wedding day, the groom, the bride-beam system are red belt.Belt is hollow, the inside filled with money.During the Qing Dynasty, filled with money, “the word money,” the liberation of the initial installation of the coins, and now is filled with hundred dollar bills, called “rich”, it means that marriage can be招財(cái)進(jìn)寶to become wealthy and rich people.Off date sticks and chopsticks, cups and groom to get married when the bride's family from the jujube tree branches off more, and to two pairs of chopsticks, two drinking cups, is tied with red ribbon with a red silk cloth away.“Jujube Tree” implies marriage “as early as a son.” A pair of chopsticks, a pair of cups, meaning pairs, and after marriage for food and drink, free from poverty.Carry-wear red handkerchief
Will have to leave the bride married when the girl, Guye both bid farewell to their parents Zuo Yi.Cijing such a situation inevitably raises the sad tears, bring a handkerchief to facilitate Mayan Lei.In the past, when the cry out of the village married bride, bride is said to cry tears of marriage will bring nectar crops.Ancient times, women, once married, especially in marrying men from his home, they rarely have the opportunity to meet with their parents, their grief can imagine.Now, in the city, weeping is no longer unusual, and the bride married with a handkerchief, but in accordance with custom trip.The “red hijab” In the past when the bride married sedan chair, wearing a “red hijab”, now married generally by car, wearing “the veil.” “Hijab” and the “veil” with an agreement on behalf of the bride in the display, and youth, virginity and distinguished.To send the pro-grandmother or with dolls
Together with the bride sitting in red chair inside the person, if the escort is the aunt, or aunt, known as the “sending pro-Grandma”;if the escort who is niece of the bride's nephew, called “with dolls.” If there is no escort the person, then the chair where the bride put a large steamed bun, painted into a saffron colored, saying “hi bun”, it means the bride is not sitting alone single sedan chair.Sedan chair up and down does not stick to
Married bride upper and lower chair, pay attention to feet do not stick to.Ancient legend of earth was married, Nintendogs stars should drop of blood, if the bride's foot so that the star on the Tengu blood, they will not have a baby.Therefore sedan chair(vehicle)dignitaries hold, got down(car)dignitaries back, Jin Dongfang to tread yellow cloth, is this intention.